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Journal articles on the topic 'Police questioning'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 March 2023

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1

Pablos-Ortega, Carlos de. "“Would it be fair to say that you actively sought out material?”." Pragmatics and Society 10, no. 1 (May 28, 2019): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.00015.pab.

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Abstract The aim of investigative interviews is to gather comprehensive and reliable information from suspects, offenders, victims and witnesses through questioning. Research on questioning during police interviews has mainly explored question types and question approaches when interviewing adults and children. This paper is concerned with so far unexplored aspects of police interviewing, that is the employment of mitigating and aggravating linguistic devices in questions and statements and their pragmatic effects. The corpus consists of six police interviews with suspects of crime. Mitigation and aggravation strategies were extracted and a total of eighty-two instances were found, analysed and classified into a categorisation taxonomy which was designed to ascertain the types and functions of mitigation and aggravation devices. The findings reveal that more mitigation than aggravation strategies were used in police questioning and statements during the interviews. Mitigation was found to be used not only as a device for alleviating or attenuating, but also as a strategy to build rapport between suspects and police officers.

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2

Pollock, Wendi, Willard Oliver, and Scott Menard. "Measuring the Problem." Criminal Justice Review 37, no. 2 (March 12, 2012): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016811436335.

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This research examined socioeconomic variables, offending behavior, and prior police contact, as predictors of self-reported police contact (questioning or arrest). Utilizing multilevel models and eight waves of National Youth Survey Family Study data, the predictors were examined in a national sample of individuals, over 24 years. Results indicate that police contact is predominately predicted by sex, delinquent peers, and offending behavior. This suggests that several of the variables commonly discussed in police contact literature, including race, are not predictors of police contact at the national level in the United States. Implications of national-level findings on police policy are discussed.

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3

Yoong, D. "Initiating, Pausing, Resuming, and Ending Police Questioning: Due Process as Interactional Norms in an Australian Police Interrogation Room." Policing 5, no. 3 (July 4, 2011): 248–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/par037.

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4

권순민. "The Condition of Forcing for Police Stop and Questioning." Dankook Law Riview 36, no. 2 (December 2012): 419–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17252/dlr.2012.36.2.016.

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5

Sugden, Natasha. "Questioning the Aptness of Police Pre-Entry Physical Test." Current Issues in Criminal Justice 15, no. 2 (November 2003): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10345329.2003.12036290.

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6

Gooch, Kate, and Piers von Berg. "What Happens in the Beginning, Matters in the End: Achieving Best Evidence with Child Suspects in the Police Station." Youth Justice 19, no. 2 (August 2019): 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473225419868840.

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During the last 30 years, the way in which children give evidence in the criminal justice system in England and Wales has been radically transformed. These reforms have, however, neglected child suspects in the police station. Recent piecemeal reforms to the statutory regime for children in police detention have overlooked a critical stage of the criminal justice process: the police interview. This article critically analyses the policy, practice and law surrounding police questioning of child suspects. It demonstrates that the absence of child-specific guidance when interviewing child suspects is not only out of step with wider reforms, but carries real risks regarding the effective communication and participation of child suspects.

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7

Olanrewaju, Farinde, Raifu, Oyedokun-Alli, Wasiu Ademola, and Iroegbu Obinna. "Interrogation in Nigerian Police-suspect Discourse." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 11, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 975–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1109.01.

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Police-suspect interrogation is a peculiar discourse genre where there is interplay of power and dominance. This study examines the process by which linguistic coercion by the police is being actualized. The data for the study were interrogations between the police and some suspects that were selected within Ondo and Ekiti State Police Commands. The towns were purposively chosen based on their geographical spread across the Ondo Area Command as well as their population and commercial advantages. The data gathered were transcribed and analysed using Gibbons’ Forensic Questioning model. Since police-suspect interaction is based on questions and answers, questions in police-suspect interaction were classified according to the degree of power embedded in them. The result indicated that assault, abduction, affray and robbery were the common themes in Police-Suspect Discourse. The findings of the study reveal that in Police-Suspect Discourse there are such questions as declarative, choice, restricted and non-restricted WH-questions, special formulas and projected questions. The study further reveals that the questioning strategies of the police afford them the opportunity of controlling the interrogation. The more frequently the police use questions, the more they are coercive.

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8

이호중. "A Critical Study about the Reform Issues on Police Questioning." Journal of Criminal Law 21, no. 3 (September 2009): 105–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21795/kcla.2009.21.3.105.

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9

이재방. "A Study on the Limit of 'Police Stop and Questioning'." Journal of hongik law review 13, no. 4 (December 2012): 529–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.16960/jhlr.13.4.201212.529.

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10

Changkook Kwon. "The Limitation of Policing related to Police Stop & Questioning." Korean Journal Of Criminology 23, no. 2 (December 2011): 9–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36999/kjc.2011.23.2.9.

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11

Hayman, S. "Interrogating the Images: Audio-Visually Recorded Police Questioning of Suspects." British Journal of Criminology 48, no. 3 (December 24, 2007): 413–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azn020.

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12

Moston, Stephen, and Terry Engelberg. "Police questioning techniques in tape recorded interviews with criminal suspects." Policing and Society 3, no. 3 (July 1993): 223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1993.9964670.

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13

Kraska, Peter B. "Questioning the Militarization of U.S. police: Critical versus advocacy scholarship∗." Policing and Society 9, no. 2 (April 1999): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1999.9964809.

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14

Williamson, Thomas M. "From interrogation to investigative interviewing; strategic trends in police questioning." Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology 3, no. 2 (June 1993): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/casp.2450030203.

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15

Brucato, Ben. "Big data and the New Transparency: Measuring and representing police killings." Big Data & Society 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 205395171769633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053951717696332.

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Controversies about recent killings by police officers in the United States have prompted widespread questioning about the scale and changes in police use of force. A perceived lack of transparency about the frequency of police killings amplifies concerns that many such killings are unjustified. This commentary considers efforts by journalists and activists to comprise databases that document and measure police violence, particularly in terms of how these endeavors exemplify the New Transparency.

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16

Allen, Andrea. "Stop and question campus policing." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 39, no. 3 (August 15, 2016): 507–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-04-2016-0054.

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Purpose Stopping and questioning citizens is an important policing tactic. Prior research explores citizens’ perceptions of stop and question policing, or “SQP”, by municipal police, yet campus police also use this tactic. The purpose of this paper is to understand whether and why college students believe campus police should have the right to engage in SQP. Design/methodology/approach Data come from 73 in-depth interviews with students attending a university in metropolitan Atlanta, GA. The sample was obtained through convenience and purposive sampling methods. Data were analyzed using the ethnographic perspective. Findings Most participants said campus police should practice SQP for three reasons: it is their job; SQP is an effective crime fighting tactic; and SQP is useful given the features and functions of college campuses. Among participants who said campus police should not practice SQP, they were concerned that officers would use it in unwarranted situations. Practical implications Findings suggest that the police might be able to reduce resistance to SQP by clearly explaining to suspects why they are being stopped and also clarifying to the public the legal thresholds for stopping and questioning citizens. Originality/value This is the first study to consider perceptions of SQP by campus police. The findings also shed light on how campus and municipal police are (dis)similar in perceptions of their SQP practices.

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17

Bachari, Andika Dutha, Dadang Sudana, and Wawan Gunawan. "RAGAM DAN ARAH PERTANYAAN PENYIDIK DALAM BERITA ACARA PEMERIKSAAN PERKARA PIDANA ANAK." Linguistik Indonesia 36, no. 1 (February 20, 2019): 66–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/li.v36i1.73.

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This study aims to report a study on the patterns of Indonesian police strategies in examining criminal cases involving children. The ability to ask questions is instrumental for the investigators. The variety, content, and direction of the investigators’ questions determine the value of information obtained from investigations(see Clarke & Milne, 2001). By using Strauss and Corbin’s qualitative paradigm, Glacer’s ground theory as well as Milne’s analytical frameworks, the present study has revealed that despite the fact that police investigation reports contained a lot of unproductive questions that might lead to unproductive answers, they compensated these with other investigative questioning strategies to reveal more information. Therefore effectiveness of questioning is more determined by these follow-up strategies than by the initial questions addressed to the suspects.

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18

Ahmad, Sadaf. "Pakistani policewomen: questioning the role of gender in circumscribing police corruption." Policing and Society 30, no. 8 (May 3, 2019): 890–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2019.1611820.

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19

MOSTON, STEPHEN, GEOFFREY M. STEPHENSON, and THOMAS M. WILLIAMSON. "THE EFFECTS OF CASE CHARACTERISTICS ON SUSPECT BEHAVIOUR DURING POLICE QUESTIONING." British Journal of Criminology 32, no. 1 (1992): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a048178.

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20

Del Rosario, Via Allison B., and Rachelle Ballesteros-Lintao. "Investigative interviewing: Assessing questioning strategies employed to children in conflict with the law." International Journal of Legal Discourse 3, no. 1 (August 28, 2018): 51–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijld-2018-2004.

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Abstract As majority of criminal cases in the Philippines are often challenged by the plight to obtain voluntary narratives from Children who are in Conflict with the Law (CICL) (National Police Commission, Department of the Interior and Local Government, Republic of the Philippines 2009. Adoption of the police manual on the management of cases of children in conflict with the law (CICL) and the simplified rules in the apprehension and investigation of CICL, Resolution No. 415.), and Forensic Linguistics being a relatively new field in the local setting, it is timely to assess the questioning strategies heavily relied upon by law enforcement officers in the investigative process. However, questioning strategies geared to address purely the investigations of children in conflict with the law has so far been hardly formally investigated. This study was aimed at examining the questioning strategies used in by the authorities in investigating adolescents accused of crime against property. Fifteen transcripts of audio-recorded investigative interviews from selected law enforcement authorities in Manila and Quezon City were analyzed vis-à-vis (Shepherd, Eric. 2007. Investigative interviewing: The conversation management approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press). Forms of Questions and (Gibbons, John. 2003. Forensic Linguistics: An introduction to language in the justice system. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing) Cognitive Interview (CI) frameworks. Based on (Shepherd, Eric. 2007. Investigative interviewing: The conversation management approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press) Shepherd’s framework, results yielded reveal that most officers employed counter-productive questions, i.e. abusive, intimidating, and aggressive techniques to prompt controlled confession from alleged youth offenders. The study also found that the investigative officers did not follow a specific interviewing structure in handling cases of alleged youth offenders. As the use of appropriate questioning techniques have been presented in the study, it is recommended that a pivotal redraft be made in police CICL interviewing manuals.

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21

Strauchold, Grzegorz. "Activities of the security services against the German population and the so-called Polish autochthones in Warmia and Mazury in the years 1945–1956." Masuro-⁠Warmian Bulletin 298, no. 4 (January 4, 2018): 637–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.51974/kmw-134925.

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The article describes the activities of the Communist political police against former German citizens who remained in their places of residence in the part of East Prussia incorporated into Poland. Polish communists until the end of the 1940s were conducting a policy that would eliminate German nationality from the inhabitants of Poland. From the end of the 1940s there was a concerted attempt to eliminate anyone with German nationality and those questioning the new Polish–German border that was created in 1945 among the remnants of the German citizenry. The Communist political police were also interested in people (and their views) who showed a critical attitude toward the Communist regime introduced into Poland

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22

Duff, Peter. "Chalmers to Cadder: Full Circle on Police Interrogation?" Edinburgh Law Review 19, no. 2 (May 2015): 186–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/elr.2015.0271.

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In this article, Peter Duff considers the issue of the stage at which otherwise unobjectionable police questioning of a witness or suspect must stop for reasons of the application of fundamental liberal principles, primarily the privilege against self-incrimination and the "equality of arms". The article examines the historical development of the law from the case of Chalmers v HMA, through the period of the Thomson Committee report, the case of Cadder v HMA, up to the present time.

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23

Guadagno, Belinda L., and Martine B. Powell. "A qualitative examination of police officers' questioning of children about repeated events." Police Practice and Research 10, no. 1 (February 2009): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15614260802128468.

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24

Wright, Allison M., and Laurence Alison. "QUESTIONING SEQUENCES IN CANADIAN POLICE INTERVIEWS: CONSTRUCTING AND CONFIRMING THE COURSE OF EVENTS?" Psychology, Crime & Law 10, no. 2 (June 2004): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1068316031000099120.

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25

TULLY, BRYAN, and KAM-OI TAM. "Helping the police with their inquiries: the development of special care questioning techniques." Children & Society 1, no. 3 (December 18, 2007): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1099-0860.1987.tb00505.x.

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26

Jacobs, Angela S. "A Crisis in Counseling: Questioning the Role of Crisis Counselors Within Police Departments." Health Communication 29, no. 8 (October 30, 2013): 837–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2013.796437.

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27

Antaki, Charles, Emma Richardson, Elizabeth Stokoe, and Sara Willott. "Police interviews with vulnerable people alleging sexual assault: Probing inconsistency and questioning conduct." Journal of Sociolinguistics 19, no. 3 (June 2015): 328–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/josl.12124.

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28

Peters, Christopher S. "Effects of Support Dogs on Eyewitness Anxiety during Questioning." Society & Animals 25, no. 2 (May 18, 2017): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341439.

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Being an eyewitness to a crime can be a traumatic event, especially if the eyewitness is the victim. In addition, following the crime the witness is susceptible to being distressed further during questioning. The current research examined the effects a trained support dog would have on mock witnesses’ anxiety (as measured by heartrate) during questioning. Participants observed a video and answered questions from an actual uniformed police officer, similar to a normal eyewitness interview. During the interview, participants were either presented with a support dog or a glass of water (control). Results indicated that while the uniformed officer increased participants’ anxiety significantly, the support dog successfully decreased anxiety almost to the point of baseline, and significantly more than the control condition. Implications and real-world application are discussed.

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29

Wonhyuk, Cho. "Change and Continuity in Police Organizations: Institution, Legitimacy, and Democratization." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 32, no. 1 (April 30, 2017): 149–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps32107.

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This article analyzes how institutional pressures have allowed for continuities as well as brought about changes in modern police organizations in Korea. When facing a legitimacy crisis, the Korean law enforcement system has typically responded with organizational restructuring. Strong myth-building patterns compensate for the lack of moral legitimacy of the police, particularly under authoritarian-military regimes that suppress democratization movements in Korea. Even after seemingly radical organizational changes aimed at placing the police under democratic control, highly institutionalized core structures of the police remain in place. Performance reform after the economic crisis, which was proceeded from reformers` shared belief in the market-driven solutions, diagnosed the Korean police as a big, inefficient, and self-serving bureaucracy, a diagnosis that eventually caused gradual deterioration in the taken-for-granted-ness of policing activities. The internet and social media made the Korean police even more vulnerable to external challenges and a questioning of its legitimacy.

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30

Arzt, Clemens. "Preventive Powers of Police in Namibia – A Rights-Based Approach." Verfassung in Recht und Übersee 52, no. 4 (2019): 504–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0506-7286-2019-4-504.

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Namibia gained independence and ended the rule of apartheid only in 1990. It is often lauded as a model of human rights-based countries in Africa. Immediately after independence, the country introduced a distinctly rights-based Constitution with a broad Bill of Rights and also promptly laid the base for a modern police by enacting the Police Act of 1990. In that framework the Namibian Police are endowed with a broad set of ‘police powers’, i.e. means or measures of the police like questioning, arrest, search and seizure etc. ‘Preventive’ powers as a legally distinctive feature refers to law and order policing and prevention of crime, both clearly to be distinguished from investigation of criminal offences. Standards of human and fundamental rights protection developed under criminal procedure law are not directly applicable when it comes to the broad field of “preventive” powers of police. Subsequently these powers often lack a clear cut notional and legal concept, resulting in a deficit of predictability and delimitations despite of a rights based approach in the Constitution and the Police Act in general.

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31

Kidwell, Mardi. "What Happened?: An Epistemics of Before and After in “At-the-Scene” Police Questioning." Research on Language & Social Interaction 42, no. 1 (February 24, 2009): 20–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08351810802671727.

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32

Albers, Marion, and Stefanie Witzke. "The End of the “Woodward and Bernstein” Era? The German Constitutional Court and Journalists’ Privacy on Mobile Phones." German Law Journal 4, no. 7 (July 1, 2003): 647–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s207183220001631x.

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In a society in which communication is increasingly mediated by electronic networks the methods of police investigation change. Instead of traditional methods like questioning and plain-view surveillance, the police increasingly prefer the surveillance of communications mediated by networks. The corresponding methods offer possibilities of gaining information which were not available before. Especially if the police use them without preliminary knowledge or a base suspicion at an early stage of the investigation, these methods are characterized by their scope: they result in the collection of a lot of irrelevant information and they affect many uninvolved and innocent persons. But at the same time they may furnish exactly the evidence the police are looking for: the phone number and whereabouts of the suspect; the conversation that verifies participation in an offense. It can be no surprise that these methods have become the central methods of investigation.

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33

Babanoski, Kire, and Ice Ilijevski. "TECHNIQUES OF CONDUCTING INTERROGATION DURING POLICE INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 6 (December 10, 2018): 2101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28062101k.

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Modern interrogation is a study in human nature with great level of psychological manipulation which is used by police officer. The main characteristic of a police interrogation is that the suspect is under strong psychological pressure from the interrogator in order to speak the truth and to give the confession. The main purpose of a police Interrogation is to obtain a confession and to come to the objective truth, or other critical information about the crime, from an interviewed suspect, who is subject of interrogation. Interrogation (also called questioning or interpellation) is interviewing as commonly employed by officers of the police or other law enforcement agencies with the goal of extracting a confession or incriminating statements. Subjects of interrogation are often suspects involved in crimes. Information from victims and witnesses is usually obtained through interviews. Interrogation may involve a diverse array of techniques, ranging from developing a rapport with the subject to outright torture.The main object of this paper is police interrogation, which is theoretically and descriptively analyzed through its various methods and techniques that are part of the process of extracting the truth and getting a confession from the suspects. For that aim, particular attention is paid to criminal operational aspects of contemporary Reid technique, and also presented examples of its application in the police interrogation. The Reid technique is a method of questioning subjects and assessing their credibility. The technique consists of a non-accusatory interview combining both investigative and behavior-provoking questions. If the investigative information indicates that the subject committed the crime in question, the Reid Nine Steps of Interrogation are utilized to persuade the subject to tell the truth about what they did. The Reid technique is a trademarked interrogation technique widely used by law enforcement agencies in North America. The technique (which requires interrogators to watch the body language of suspects to detect deceit) has been criticized for being difficult to apply across cultures and eliciting false confessions from innocent people.The purpose of this paper is through scientific explanation to raise the importance and quality of police interrogation as one of the methods for getting to the truth, especially in criminal cases where there is a lack of other evidence.

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34

Field, Stewart. "Defining interviews under PACE." Legal Studies 13, no. 2 (July 1993): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.1993.tb00484.x.

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In recent years the meaning of the word ‘interview’ has become central to the regulatory framework of PACE. In part, this flows directly and inevitably from the terms of the act itself. If a verbal exchange between suspect and police is an interview, certain procedural consequences follow: it must normally be contemporaneously noted verbatim or taped; if the suspect is a juvenile or mentally disordered, it must usually take place in the presence of an ‘appropriate adult’. Furthermore, as a result of the recent revision of Code C on ‘Questioning’, persons arrested for an offence may not normally be interviewed about it except in a police station.

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35

Shoko, Munatsi, Kerry Vermaak, and Annika Rudman. "Role of the police in access to justice for sexual and gender-based violence perpetrated against diverse women in Zimbabwe." Stellenbosch Law Review 33, no. 1 (2022): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/slr/2022/i1a6.

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Bound by the 2013 Constitution of Zimbabwe (“Zimbabwean Constitution”), as informed by regional human rights law, Zimbabwean police should facilitate access to justice for everyone. This article interrogates the lived realities of diverse women in terms of how the police in Zimbabwe respond when they report cases of sexual and gender-based violence (“SGBV”). Using qualitative data this article also interrogates institutional practices questioning the alignment of laws and actions to the Zimbabwean Constitution. The findings show that the reluctance of the police to efficiently and appropriately engage with SGBV cases reported by diverse women is encouraged by the homophobic context in which these take place. The ability of the police to provide justice to diverse women who experience SGBV can be strengthened by repealing the laws that criminalise same-sex relations and sodomy and by implementing regional human rights law as interpreted through Resolution 275 of the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights.

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36

Darahan, Valerii, Oleksii Boiko, Viktoriia Rohalska, Olena Soldatenko, and Valerii Lytvynov. "Structural-functional providing of the operative-investigative crime prevention in the field of public procurement in Ukraine." Revista Amazonia Investiga 10, no. 42 (July 30, 2021): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2021.42.06.8.

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The aim of the article is to determine the readiness level to prevent crime in the field of public procurement by the criminal police units of the National Police of Ukraine. The methodological basis of the study is the Constitution of Ukraine, other domestic legislative and other normative acts which regulate operational-search activities and criminal procedure, general theoretical and special legal literature, which show the topic under study, and encyclopedic sources. The method of analysis, the system-structural method, sociological methods (questioning, interviewing), formal-logical method, comparative method, modeling method are used in article. To achieve the goal of the article in the structure of the criminal police of the National Police of Ukraine were identified unites which carry out operational-search crime prevention in the field of public procurement, analyzed the structure of the units and determined their functions in crime prevention. The results of the study show that the structural and functional support of the operational-search crime prevention in the field of public procurement by the criminal police is not at the proper level.

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37

Gulpham, Dr Shahanshah, and Ms Vinita Kewlani. "Heuristic Perspective Of Criminal Justice System: Questioning On Justice Delivery Procedure In India And Internal Security Threat." American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 03, no. 06 (June 12, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume03issue06-01.

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Heuristic is the problem solving method generally considers a way of shortcut solution of a particular problem in given time frame or deadline based on quick decision particularly in complex situation. Except boundary problems of our country, the remaining security problems always exist within the country. India may be facing internal security challenges in future on personal perspective existing group of fundamentalist. For example, various police encounters with heuristic perspective seems under passing the judicial process of delivering justice which may lead to the idea of injustice in individual in the victims perspective. So, intervening heuristic perspective in criminal justice system is in of pre trail situation can create a problem for stability of the democratic structure in which criminal justice system is the part of belief and trust for its citizen.

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38

Edwards, Anne. "The Exercise of Police Powers in Queensland: The Defendant's Perspective." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 30, no. 3 (December 1997): 217–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589703000302.

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This paper presents the findings of a survey of 489 defendants appearing in Queensland Magistrates Courts. The survey was designed to collect information about police arrest, questioning and searching practices from the perspective of people who had been subject to the exercise of these powers. The primary objectives of the study were to identify any problems with current police powers and to establish baseline measures to assist in monitoring the implementation and impact of any new legislation. It was found that the results of the study generally align with the results of other research, and with anecdotal evidence. It is argued that a study of this nature is a valuable supplement to other information and could be employed elsewhere to provide jurisdiction-relevant data. When the regulation of police powers is reviewed, data of this nature are a potentially rich source of information for legislators.

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39

Madani, Navid. "Be the voice for scientists in Iran." Science 378, no. 6620 (November 11, 2022): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adf6588.

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Iran’s fundamentalist government has long feared students and academics, because independent thinking and inquiry are at odds with the extreme rhetoric of a repressive religious regime that discourages questioning or testing—especially when those asking questions are women. But when the Iranian “morality police” beat 22-year-old Mahsa Amini to death in September for wearing “un-Islamic clothing,” they unintentionally restored the long-silent voices of Iranian students, scholars, and scientists.

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40

Pollock, Wendi, and Scott Menard. "Perceptions of Unfairness in Police Questioning and Arrest Incidents: Race, Gender, Age, and Actual Guilt." Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice 13, no. 3 (April 11, 2015): 237–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15377938.2015.1015197.

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41

Collin, Winnie. "“It was probably that guy?” – The functions of reconstructive speech acts in investigative training interviews." Scandinavian Studies in Language 11, no. 1 (July 9, 2020): 170–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/sss.v11i1.121365.

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This paper explores the pragmatic and interactional functions of reconstructive speech acts in mock police interviews, based on a model of argumentative dialogue. The aim of the paper is to illustrate how the reconstructions apparently contribute to both the interaction between the police officer and the mock suspect in the interview activity and to the interaction in the training activity, i.e. between the participants attending the training course. Drawing on functional pragmatics and grammar, the analysis seeks to examine how reconstructions on the one hand function in the socially non-cooperative interaction in the mock interview, questioning the truth value of propositions and trustworthiness of the suspect, and, on the other hand seem to fulfil a supportive purpose in the training activity.

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Fegley, Tate, and Lisa Growette Bostaph. "Is bigger better? An analysis of economies of scale and market power in police departments." Policing: An International Journal 41, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 578–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-08-2016-0135.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the nature of policing services allows for economies of scale to be realized. It is also a replication of Southwick (2005). Design/methodology/approach This study replicates the methodology used by Southwick (2005) to estimate police production and demand in order to determine whether there are economies of scale among police departments in a western state. Southwick’s (2005) method is unique in that it incorporates measures of market power to predict police efficiency. The present study is unique in that it involves data from a low-density, low-population western state. Findings Southwick’s results for New York State are markedly different from the results found for Idaho, thus questioning the external validity of Southwick’s model as applied to a relatively low-population state. The findings also indicate that, controlling for relevant variables, crime in Idaho is highly correlated with population, suggesting that police departments in low density/population states would not achieve efficiency gains through consolidation. Research limitations/implications The implications of this study include validating police performance measures and evaluating applicability of market power to police departments. Practical implications No evidence was found to support the contention that consolidation of police departments results in efficiency gains. Originality/value This is the first study of economies of scale in policing to use data from a low-density, low-population western state.

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Li, Angus Siu-cheong. "Killing with No Punishment: Police Violence and Judicial (In)justice." IAFOR Journal of Cultural Studies 6, SI (January 22, 2021): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/ijcs.6.si.03.

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This article offers a critical reading of the Limbu Case that took place in 2009 in Hong Kong. The Limbu Case was about an ethnic Nepalese named Dil Bahadur Limbu who was shot dead by a police constable on a hillside, which resulted in controversies around issues such as excessive police use of force and discretionary policing in Hong Kong. In the coroner’s inquest (court case no.: CCDI298/2009) regarding Limbu’s death, a verdict of lawful killing was reached by a jury of five. In other words, the killing was defined as a permissible killing. Drawing attention to the process of questioning “reasonableness” of the killing, I attempt to shed light on the ambiguities of the coronial system in Hong Kong which results in a missed opportunity to prevent future deaths. In other words, this article uncovers how the state is unable to live up to its promise to protect people's right to life.

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Kelly, Christopher E., Nathan Meehan, Michael Mcclary, and Elizabeth M. Jenaway. "Just a Normal Conversation: Investigative Interviews in a County Jail." Criminal Justice and Behavior 48, no. 8 (February 12, 2021): 1166–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854821993509.

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The majority of research on investigative interviewing has been on police attempting to solve a crime by obtaining a confession or gathering information, and comparatively fewer studies have examined interviewing at points “downstream” in the process, such as in the courts or correctional system. Furthermore, the focus of the research has been to measure the variable techniques or questioning strategies that produce confessions or information at the expense of analyzing factors related to the interview itself. Thus, we analyzed a sample of 50 corrections-based interviews for “dynamic” interviewing methods and interviewee responses that were measured at three points throughout the interview, and we measured 10 “static” interview factors. In the final multilevel model, we found that productive questioning methods increased a component score that combined interviewee cooperation, engagement, and forthcomingness, the several measures of accusatorial interrogation methods decreased the outcome measure, and the case-level variable of interviewee-initiated interviews increased it.

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MOSTON, STEPHEN, GEOFFREY M. STEPHENSON, and THOMAS M. WILLIAMSON. "The incidence, antecedents and consequences of the use of the right to silence during police questioning." Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health 3, no. 1 (March 1993): 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbm.1993.3.1.30.

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Gudjonsson, G. H., S. C. Rutter, and I. C. H. Clare. "The relationship between suggestibility and anxiety among suspects detained at police stations." Psychological Medicine 25, no. 4 (July 1995): 875–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700035133.

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SYNOPSISThe present study investigated the relationship between anxiety, as measured by the State-Trait Inventory (Spielberger, 1983) and interrogative suggestibility, as measured by the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS 2, Gudjonsson, 1987). One hundred and sixty-one suspects detained at two English police stations for questioning were assessed prior to being interviewed by the police. Unexpectedly, trait anxiety correlated more consistently with suggestibility than did state anxiety. The correlations were consistently higher among the Caucasian than the Afro-Caribbean subjects and the Afro-Caribbean subjects were significantly more suggestible than the Caucasian subjects even after their GSS 2 memory and IQ scores had been controlled for. The main practical implications of the findings are that interrogative suggestibility cannot be easily evaluated from the person's self-reported anxiety and the situation in which people are assessed may influence the relationship between these psychological variables.

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Thériault, Barbara. "A Book, a Securitate File, and a Research Project. On Gossiping and Ethnography." Eurostudia 10, no. 1 (July 28, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1032439ar.

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Katherine Verdery’s latest book, an ethnography of the Archive of Romania’s Secret Police and the permission to copy and study a Securitate file, that of Iuliana, represents, for the author, the opportunity to write an unusual book review. Superposing the book and the file allows her to reflect on the work of secret police officers and that of ethnographers as well as questioning the practice of the sociological observer. As it turns out, the file adds a new dimension and an interpretation key to the book: beyond the importance of networks or social relationships as material secret police officers and ethnographers share, it discloses gossip as an empirical source and a recruitment technique. Centering on gossip helps the author in reformulating one of the book’s central arguments and delineating the contours of the “bourgeois,” a figure at the core of a new research project. The extreme character of the two cases at hand—material constituted toward a political end—sheds light on the relations ethnographers entertain to their informants as well as to dilemmas of research, which might otherwise remain unseen.

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“Tad” Hughes, Tom. "Chavez V. martinez, the fifth amendment, and police questioning: “no one watches as the ambulance pulls away”." Criminal Justice Studies 16, no. 4 (December 2003): 339–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0888431032000183533.

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Agnew, Sarah E., Martine B. Powell, and Pamela C. Snow. "An examination of the questioning styles of police officers and caregivers when interviewing children with intellectual disabilities." Legal and Criminological Psychology 11, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/135532505x68494.

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Gudjonsson, Gisli H., Susan Young, and Jessica Bramham. "Interrogative suggestibility in adults diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperativity disorder (ADHD). A potential vulnerability during police questioning." Personality and Individual Differences 43, no. 4 (September 2007): 737–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.014.

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