Journal articles: 'Police – Ontario – Toronto'

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Carrington, Peter J., and Alexander V. Graham. "The Interurban Network of Criminal Collaboration in Canada." Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 64, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 101–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.2022-0004.

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The interurban network of criminal collaboration in Canada is described, and possible explanations for its structure are explored. The data include all police-reported co-offences in the 32 major cities of Canada during 2006–09. Component analysis and graph drawings in network space and in geospace elucidate the structure of the network. Quadratic assignment procedure multiple regressions, repeated separately on the networks of instrumental and noninstrumental co-offences, test hypotheses about possible determinants of the network structure. The cities form one connected component, containing two clusters connected by a link between Toronto and Vancouver. One cluster, centred on the triad of Toronto, Montreal, and Ottawa, comprises the cities in Ontario and Quebec, with weak links to cities in the Atlantic provinces. The other cluster, centred on Vancouver, comprises the cities in the four western provinces. The structure is strongly correlated with the residential mobility of the general population, which in turn is strongly correlated with intercity distances. The correlation with mobility is less strong for instrumental than for noninstrumental crimes. The structure of this co-offending network can be explained by criminals’ routine activities, namely ordinary residential mobility, but the alternative explanation of purposive interurban criminal collaboration is more plausible for instrumental crime.

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Singh, Rashmee D. "In Between the System and the Margins: Community Organizations, Mandatory Charging and Immigrant Victims of Abuse." Canadian Journal of Sociology 35, no. 1 (October 19, 2009): 31–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjs6786.

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The literature on mandatory charging and prosecution policies consistently finds that zero tolerance approaches to woman abuse often harm, rather than help, abused immigrant women. The unexpected removal of abusers triggers detrimental consequences if women are dependent on their partners for immigration status, financial assistance and linguistic support. The violence that immigrant women experience at the hands of the police and courts has led to repeated calls to shift the responsibility of women abuse from the criminal justice system to the community. However, accessing community supports may not be so straightforward either. For a variety of reasons, many abused immigrant women find silence less risky than disclosing abuse. These dilemmas highlight the importance of acquiring more insight into the mediating role that community organizations perform between the criminal justice system and immigrant communities. Accordingly, the following exploratory study offers a glimpse into the anti-violence work of immigrant community organizations in Toronto, Ontario.

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Young, Michael G. "Book Review: Fyson, D. (2006). Magistrates, Police, and People: Everyday Criminal Justice in Quebec and Lower Canada, 1764—1837. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: University of Toronto Press. xx, 14, 467 pp." International Criminal Justice Review 18, no. 4 (December 2008): 482–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1057567708323461.

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Zuker, Jesse. "Green Buildings Policy: An analysis of three market-oriented innovations." Ekistics and The New Habitat 71, no. 424-426 (June 1, 2004): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200471424-426231.

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The author graduated from the University of Toronto with a self-designed major in Environment and Architectural Studies. For the past year he has been working on implementing the Province of Ontario's green building program and currently works for Ontario Infrastructure.

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Argintaru, N., A. Petrosoniak, C. Hicks, K. White, M. McGowan, and S. H. Gray. "P010: Code Silver: Lessons learned from the design and implementation of Active Shooter Simulation In-Situ Training (ASSIST)." CJEM 19, S1 (May 2017): S80—S81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2017.212.

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Introduction: Hospital shootings are rare events that pose extreme and immediate risk to staff, patients and visitors. In 2015, the Ontario Hospital Association mandated all hospitals devise an armed assailant Code Silver protocol, an alert issued to mitigate risk and manage casualties. We describe the design and implementation of ASSIST (Active Shooter Simulation In-Situ Training), an institutional, full-scale hybrid simulation exercise to test hospital-wide response and readiness for an active shooter event, and identify latent safety threats (LSTs) related to the high-stakes alert and transport of internal trauma patients. Methods: A hospital-wide in-situ simulation was conducted at a Level 1 trauma centre in downtown Toronto. The two-hour exercise tested a draft Code Silver policy created by the hospital’s disaster planning committee, to identify missing elements and challenges with protocol implementation. The scenario consisted of a shooting during a hospital meeting with three casualties: a manikin with life-threatening head and abdomen gunshot wounds (GSWs), a standardized patient (SP) with hypotension from an abdominal GSW, and a second SP with minor injuries and significant psychological distress. The exercise piloted the use of a novel emergency department (ED)-based medical exfiltration team to transport internal victims to the trauma bay. The on-call trauma team provided medical care. Ethnographic observation of response by municipal police, hospital security, logistics and medical personnel was completed. LSTs were evaluated and categorized using video framework analysis. Feasibility was measured through debriefings and impact on ED workflow. Results: Seventy-six multidisciplinary medical and logistical staff and learners participated in this exercise. Using a framework analysis, the following LSTs were identified: 1) Significant communication difficulties within the shooting area, 2) Safe access and transport for internal casualties, 3) Difficulty accessing hospital resources (blood bank) 4) Challenges coordinating response with external agencies (police, EMS) and 5) Delay in setting up an off-site command centre. Conclusion: In situ simulation represents a novel approach to the development of Code Silver alert processes. Findings from ethnographic observations and a video-based analysis form a framework to address safety, logistical and medical response considerations.

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Williams, Robert J. "“If you build it …” Business, Government and Ontario's Electronic Toll Highway." Canadian Journal of Political Science 39, no. 1 (March 2006): 185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423906239994.

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“If you build it …” Business, Government and Ontario's Electronic Toll Highway, Chandran Mylvaganam and Sandford Borins, Toronto: University of Toronto Centre for Public Management, 2004, pp. ix, 164.This monograph analyzes an extraordinary tale of public policy making in Ontario: the construction and management of an innovative toll highway now known as the 407/ETR (Express Toll Route).

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Helferty, Natalie. ""Localization": A means to reduce negative transportation impacts in the "natural city"." Ekistics and The New Habitat 71, no. 427-429 (December 1, 2004): 233–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200471427-429193.

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The author runs "Natural Heritage Consulting" in Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada. She is a former Adjunct Professor at Ryerson University having taught Applied Ecology as a joint program between the School of Occupational and Public Health and the School of Urban and Regional Planning. She has provided environmental policy input on government initiatives such as the formation of the Greenbelt around the City of Toronto in her capacity as a member of the Province of Ontario's Greenbelt Task Force. The text that follows is a revised and edited version of a paper presented by the author at the Natural City conference - "Success Stories" - organized by the Centre for Environment, University of Toronto from 31 May to 2 June, 2006.

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Plotkin, Howard. "The Iron Creek Meteorite: The Curious History of the Manitou Stone and the Claim for its Repatriation." Earth Sciences History 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 150–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.33.1.2457k54466405851.

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Canada's Iron Creek meteorite, a 320 lb (145 kg) Group IIIAB medium octahedrite iron, was long venerated by the First Nations in Alberta as their sacred Manitou Stone, but it was taken without authority from them by Methodist missionaries in 1866. That began the meteorite's long odyssey, as it was transferred first to the Methodist Mission in Victoria (now Pakan) Alberta; then to the Red River Mission in Winnipeg, Manitoba; then to the Wesleyan Methodist Church's Mission Rooms in Toronto, Ontario; then to Victoria College in Cobourg, Ontario; then to the campus of the University of Toronto in Toronto, Ontario; then to the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto; and finally to the Provincial Museum of Alberta (now the Royal Alberta Museum) in Edmonton. In recent years, a First Nations movement to repatriate the meteorite to a place near its original find site has been initiated. As of now, the meteorite remains on display at the Royal Alberta Museum's Syncrude Gallery of Aboriginal Culture, where it is a prized showpiece. The present paper explores the curious history and cultural significance of this fabled meteorite, its long odyssey, the issues surrounding the claims for its repatriation, the Royal Alberta Museum's present policy, and a possible way forward.

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Winton, Sue. "Coordinating Policy Layers of School Fundraising in Toronto, Ontario, Canada: An Institutional Ethnography." Educational Policy 33, no. 1 (October 23, 2018): 44–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0895904818807331.

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In this article, I report findings from an investigation into the politics and coordination of school fundraising in the Toronto District School Board (TDSB) in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Theoretically grounded in institutional ethnography and critical policy analysis, the study began from the standpoint of parents asked to give money to their children’s school(s). I show how provincial and TDSB funding, parent involvement, fundraising, and school council policies organize parents’ experience of school fundraising. I also explore how participating in fundraising enables parents to meet neoliberal expectations of a “good parent” and how through their efforts to secure advantages for their children, fundraising parents are accomplices in the privatization of public education. I conclude by discussing possibilities for intervention into the social organization of school fundraising in TDSB schools.

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Axler, Helena, Gail J. Donner, Ene Underwood, and Laura Van de Bogart. "Planning for Complex Change: Insights from the Metro Toronto District Health Council Hospital Restructuring Project." Healthcare Management Forum 10, no. 2 (July 1997): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0840-4704(10)60877-0.

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Restructuring and large-scale organizational change have become facts of life in Ontario's health care sector in recent years. Nearly every jurisdiction in Ontario has undergone systemwide hospital restructuring studies, and individual hospitals have increasingly turned to large scale re-engineering processes to improve efficiency and effectiveness. One example of planning for significant change was a hospital restructuring study undertaken by the Metropolitan Toronto District Health Council between 1993 and 1995. This article provides an overview of key insights gleaned from the project, including an analysis of the effectiveness and utility of some of the major planning strategies and tactics employed to realize project objectives. Given the organizational, process and communications issues faced by the study, many of the insights provided will be relevant to other groups engaged in planning for large-scale change processes, who face tough decision making in similarly complex environments.

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Chenoy, Neville, Suzanne Jackson, Trevor Hancock, and Karin Domnick Pierre. "Enhancing Health — A New Agenda for Ontario." Healthcare Management Forum 2, no. 2 (July 1989): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0840-4704(10)61373-7.

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Recognizing that changes in demography, the social environment, economics, technology and political trends are under-lying factors affecting health, Paradigm Health in Toronto examined these considerations to assess change to achieve a positive vision of health. Phase I of the study looked at opportunities and threats from the broad external environment affecting health, examined the internal strengths and weaknesses of the present Ontario health system, and analyzed the participants in the system. Phase II identified the important strategic issues gathered from the environmental study, and the strategies which could deal with these issues.

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Goldhar, Jodeme, Clare Adie, Nancy Webb, and Laurie Harrison. "The Baycrest SARS experience: the human side." Australian Health Review 26, no. 3 (2003): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah030014.

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Toronto, in the province of Ontario, Canada was one of the cities severely impacted by Severe Acute RespiratorySyndrome (SARS). SARS required the health care system to respond quickly and efficiently. This paper describes thesituation and response at a large public academic aged care centre.

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Baskin2, Cyndy. "Aboriginal Youth Talk About Structural Determinants as the Causes of Their Homelessness1." First Peoples Child & Family Review 14, no. 1 (August 31, 2020): 94–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1071289ar.

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This article explores structural determinants as possible causes of the homelessness of Aboriginal youth in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It includes a brief literature review and provides some of the findings of a recent research project, which implemented an Aboriginal research methodology with homeless youth in Toronto. These findings point to a strong link between Aboriginal children growing up in poverty and involvement in child welfare and becoming homeless as a youth. Suggestions for positive change at the policy-level are offered in order to prevent the next generation of Aboriginal children growing up to become homeless youth.

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Baskin, Cyndy. "Aboriginal Youth Talk about Structural Determinants as the Causes of their Homelessness." First Peoples Child & Family Review 3, no. 3 (May 19, 2020): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069395ar.

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This article explores structural determinants as possible causes of the homelessness of Aboriginal youth in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It includes a brief literature review and provides some of the ﬁndings of a recent research project, which implemented an Aboriginal research methodology with homeless youth in Toronto. These ﬁndings point to a strong link between Aboriginal children growing up in poverty and involvement in child welfare and becoming homeless as youth. Suggestions for positive change at the policy level are offered in order to prevent the next generation of Aboriginal children growing up to become homeless youth.

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Temby, Owen. "Policy symbolism and air pollution in Toronto and Ontario, 1963–1967." Planning Perspectives 30, no. 2 (October 13, 2014): 271–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2014.956782.

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Hachem, Laureen D., George Kourtis, Swapna Mylabathula, and Charles H. Tator. "Experience with Canada’s First Policy on Concussion Education and Management in Schools." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 43, no. 4 (May 4, 2016): 554–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2016.41.

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AbstractBackground: In response to the rising incidence of concussions among children and adolescents, the province of Ontario recently introduced the Ontario Policy/Program Memorandum on Concussions (PPM No. 158) requiring school boards to develop a concussion protocol. As this is the first policy of its kind in Canada, the impact of the PPM is not yet known. Methods: An electronic survey was sent to all high school principals in the Toronto District School Board 1 year after announcement of the PPM. Questions covered extent of student, parent, and staff concussion education along with concussion management protocols. Results: Of 109 high school principals contacted, 39 responded (36%). Almost all schools provided concussion education to students (92%), with most education delivered through physical education classes. Nearly all schools had return to play (92%) and return to learn (77%) protocols. Although 85% of schools educated staff on concussions, training was aimed at individuals involved in sports/physical education. Only 43.6% of schools delivered concussion education to parents, and many principals requested additional resources in this area. Conclusions: One year after announcement of the PPM, high schools in the Toronto District School Board implemented significant student concussion education programs and management protocols. Staff training and parent education required further development. A series of recommendations are provided to aid in future concussion policy development.

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Gazso, Amber. "Dueling discourses, power, and the construction of the recovering addict: When social assistance confronts addiction in Toronto, Canada." Critical Social Policy 40, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 130–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261018319839158.

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In this article, I undertake a critical discourse analysis of policy documents and in-depth interviews with seven caseworkers and 28 benefit recipients to explore how two discourses, ‘work first’ and ‘distance from the labour market,’ inform how persons living with addiction access and then experience social assistance in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Drawing in Foucauldian insights on power, I reveal the conceptualisation of benefit recipients’ eligibility for Ontario Works through these two discourses and how this is replete with ideological assumptions and disciplining power relations, constitutive of a subject position of ‘the recovering addict’, and suggestive of social control implications. I argue that the coercion and regulation of benefit recipients’ lives on Ontario Works has not disappeared but transmuted for Torontonians living with addiction, and conclude by considering the governance of this population as biopower.

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Mbuagbaw, Lawrence, Wangari Tharao, Winston Husbands, Laron E. Nelson, Muna Aden, Keresa Arnold, Shamara Baidoobonso, et al. "A/C study protocol: a cross-sectional study of HIV epidemiology among African, Caribbean and Black people in Ontario." BMJ Open 10, no. 7 (July 2020): e036259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036259.

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IntroductionAfrican, Caribbean and Black (ACB) communities are disproportionately infected by HIV in Ontario, Canada. They constitute only 5% of the population of Ontario yet account for 25% of new diagnoses of HIV. The aim of this study is to understand underlying factors that augment the HIV risk in ACB communities and to inform policy and practice in Ontario.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a cross-sectional study of first-generation and second-generation ACB adults aged 15–64 in Toronto (n=1000) and Ottawa (n=500) and collect data on sociodemographic information, sexual behaviours, substance use, blood donation, access and use of health services and HIV-related care. We will use dried blood spot testing to determine the incidence and prevalence of HIV infection among ACB people, and link participant data to administrative databases to investigate health service access and use. Factors associated with key outcomes (HIV infection, testing behaviours, knowledge about HIV transmission and acquisition, HIV vulnerability, access and use of health services) will be evaluated using generalised linear mixed models, adjusted for relevant covariates.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been reviewed and approved by the following Research Ethics Boards: Toronto Public Health, Ottawa Public Health, Laurentian University; the University of Ottawa and the University of Toronto. Our findings will be disseminated as community reports, fact sheets, digital stories, oral and poster presentations, peer-reviewed manuscripts and social media.

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Nistor, Adela, and Diana Reianu. "Determinants of housing prices: evidence from Ontario cities, 2001-2011." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 11, no. 3 (June 4, 2018): 541–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-08-2017-0078.

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Purpose This paper aims to present a panel data econometric model of the main determinants of house prices in the ten largest census metropolitan areas (CMA) in Ontario, Canada, for the years 2001, 2006 and 2011. The impact of immigration on the housing market in Canada is little researched; however, immigration plays an important role into the economy of Canada. According to Statistics Canada, not only is immigration key to Canada’s population growth but also without immigration, in the next 20 years, Canada’s population growth will be zero. The motivation for this study is the bursting of housing bubbles in some developed countries (e.g. USA). The authors analyze variables that are related to the immigration policy in Canada, accounting also for the impact of the interest rate, income, unemployment, household size and housing supply to analyze housing price determinants. The study investigates the magnitude of the impact of the top three leading categories of immigrants to Canada, namely, Chinese, Indian and Filipino, on the housing prices in Ontario’s largest cities. The results show the main factors that explain home prices over time that are interest rate, immigration, unemployment rate, household size and income. Over the 10-year period from 2001 to 2011, immigration grew by 400 per cent in Toronto CMA, the largest receiving area in Ontario, while the nonimmigrant population grew by 14 per cent. For Toronto CMA, immigrants, income, unemployment rate and interest rate explain the CA$158,875 average home price increase over the 2001-2011 time period. Out of this, the three categories of immigrants’ share of total home price increase is 54.57 per cent, with the corresponding interest rate share 58.60 per cent and income share 11.32 per cent of the total price growth. Unemployment rate contributes negatively to the housing price and its share of the total price increase is 24.49 per cent. Design/methodology/approach The framework for the empirical analysis applies the hedonic pricing model theory to housing sales prices for the ten largest CMAs in Ontario over the years 2001-2011. Following Akbari and Aydede (2012) and O’Meara (2015), market clearing in the housing market results in the housing price as a function of several housing attributes. The authors selected the housing attributes based on data availability for the Canadian Census years of 2001, 2006 and 2011 and the variables that have been most used in the literature. The model has the average housing prices as the dependent variable, and the independent variables are: immigrants per dwelling (Chinese, Indian, and Filipino), unemployment rate, average employment income, household size, housing supply and the interest rate. To capture the relative scarcity of dwellings, the independent variable immigrants per dwelling was used. Findings This study seems to suggest that one cause of high prices in Ontario is large inflows of immigrants together with low mortgage interest rate. The authors focused their attention on Toronto CMA, as it is the main destination of immigrants and comprises the largest cities, including Toronto, Mississauga, Brampton and Oakville. Looking over the 10-year period from 2001 to 2011, the authors can see the factors that impact the home prices in Toronto CMA: immigration, unemployment rate, household size, interest rate and income. Over the period of 10 years from 2001 to 2011, immigrants’ group from China, India and the Philippines account for CA$86,701 increase in the home price (54.57 per cent share of the total increase). Income accounts for CA$17,986 increase in the home price (11.32 per cent share); interest rate accounts for CA$93,103 of the average home price increase in Toronto CMA (58.60 per cent share); and unemployment rate accounts for CA$38,916 decrease in the Toronto average home prices (24.49 per cent share). Household size remain stable over time in Toronto (2.8 average household size) and does not have a contribution to home price change. All these four factors, interest rate, immigrants, unemployment rate and income, together explain CA$158,875 increase in home prices in Toronto CMA between 2001 and 2011. Practical implications The housing market price analysis may be more complex, and there may be factors impacting the housing prices extending beyond immigration, interest rate, income and household size. Finally, the results of this paper can be extended to include the most recent census data for the year 2016 to reflect more accurately the price situation in the housing market for Ontario cities. Social implications The fact that currently, in 2017, the young working population cannot afford buying a property in the Toronto CMA area means there is a problem with this market and a corresponding decrease in the quality of life. According to The Globe and Mail (July 2017), a new pool in 2017 suggested that two in five Canadians believe housing in this country is not affordable for them. Further, 38 per cent of respondents who consider themselves middle or upper class believe in no affordability of housing. The Trudeau Government promised Canadians a national housing strategy for affordable housing. Designing a national housing strategy may be challenging because it has to account for the differential income ranges across regions. Municipal leaders are asking the government to prioritize repair and construct new affordable housing. Another reason discussed in the media of the unaffordability of housing in Toronto and Vancouver is foreign buyers. The Canadian Government recently implemented a tax measure on what it may seem the housing bubble problem: foreign buyers. Following Vancouver, in April 2017, Ontario Government imposed a 15 per cent tax on foreign buyers who are not Canadian citizens or permanent residents. This tax is levied on houses purchased in the area stretching from Niagara Region and Greater Toronto to Peterborough. Originality/value Few studies use Canadian data to explain house prices and analyze the effect of immigration on housing prices. There is not much research on the effect of the immigrants and immigrants’ ethnicity (e.g., Chinese, Indian and Filipino immigrants), on the housing prices in Canada cities. This study investigates the impact of the most prevalent immigrant races (e.g., from China, India and the Philippines) on housing prices, using data for Canadian major cities in Ontario within a panel data econometric framework. This paper fills this gap and contributes to the literature, which analyzes the determinants of housing prices based on a panel of cities in the Canadian province of Ontario.

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De Sousa, Christopher. "Trying to Smart-In-Up and Cleanup Our Act by Linking Regional Growth Planning, Brownfields Remediation, and Urban Infill in Southern Ontario Cities." Urban Planning 2, no. 3 (August 24, 2017): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v2i3.1026.

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The reuse of brownfields as locations for urban intensification has become a core strategy in government sustainability efforts aimed at remediating pollution, curbing sprawl and prioritizing renewal, regeneration, and retrofitting. In Ontario, Canada’s most populous, industrialized, and brownfield-laden province, a suite of progressive policies and programs have been introduced to not only facilitate the assessment and remediation of the brownfields supply, but to also steer development demand away from peripheral greenfields and towards urban brownfields in a manner that considers a wider regional perspective. This article examines the character and extent of brownfields infill development that has taken place in three Ontario cities (Toronto, Waterloo, and Kingston) since the provincial policy shift in the early 2000s. Using property assessment data and cleanup records, the research finds that redevelopment activity has been extensive in both scale and character, particularly in Toronto where the real estate market has been strong. While the results are promising in terms of government efforts to promote smarter growth that builds “in and up” instead of out, they also reveal that government could be doing more to facilitate redevelopment and influence its sustainability character, particularly in weaker markets.

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Lougheed, M. Diane, Janice Minard, Shari Dworkin, Mary-Ann Juurlink, Walley J. Temple, Teresa To, Marc Koehn, Anne Van Dam, and Louis-Philippe Boulet. "Pan-Canadian Respiratory Standards Initiative for Electronic Health Records (PRESTINE): 2011 National Forum Proceedings." Canadian Respiratory Journal 19, no. 2 (2012): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/870357.

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In a novel knowledge translation initiative, the Government of Ontario’s Asthma Plan of Action funded the development of an Asthma Care Map to enable adherence with the Canadian Asthma Consensus Guidelines developed under the auspices of the Canadian Thoracic Society (CTS). Following its successful evaluation within the Primary Care Asthma Pilot Project, respiratory clinicians from the Asthma Research Unit, Queen’s University (Kingston, Ontario) are leading an initiative to incorporate standardized Asthma Care Map data elements into electronic health records in primary care in Ontario. Acknowledging that the issue of data standards affects all respiratory conditions, and all provinces and territories, the Government of Ontario approached the CTS Respiratory Guidelines Committee. At its meeting in September 2010, the CTS Respiratory Guidelines Committee agreed that developing and standardizing respiratory data elements for electronic health records are strategically important. In follow-up to that commitment, representatives from the CTS, the Lung Association, the Government of Ontario, the National Lung Health Framework and Canada Health Infoway came together to form a planning committee. The planning committee proposed a phased approach to inform stakeholders about the issue, and engage them in the development, implementation and evaluation of a standardized dataset. An environmental scan was completed in July 2011, which identified data definitions and standards currently available for clinical variables that are likely to be included in electronic medical records in primary care for diagnosis, management and patient education related to asthma and COPD. The scan, sponsored by the Government of Ontario, includes compliance with clinical nomenclatures such as SNOMED-CT®and LOINC®. To help launch and create momentum for this initiative, a national forum was convened on October 2 and 3, 2011, in Toronto, Ontario. The forum was designed to bring together key stakeholders across the spectrum of respiratory care, including clinicians, researchers, health informaticists and administrators to explore and recommend a potential scope, approach and governance structure for this important project. The Pan-Canadian REspiratory STandards INitiative for Electronic Health Records (PRESTINE) goal is to recommend respiratory data elements and standards for use in electronic medical records across Canada that meet the needs of providers, administrators, researchers and policy makers to facilitate evidence-based clinical care, monitoring, surveillance, benchmarking and policy development. The focus initially is expected to include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary function standards elements that are applicable to many respiratory conditions. The present article summarizes the process and findings of the forum deliberations.

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Kulisek, Larry, and Trevor Price. "Ontario Municipal Policy Affecting Local Autonomy: A Case Study Involving Windsor and Toronto." Articles 16, no. 3 (August 7, 2013): 255–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017734ar.

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During the first great burst of urban growth in Canada from the beginning of the 20th century and on into the 1920s it was generally the municipalities, either singly or collectively, which fostered policy innovation and new services. Provinces generally did little at that time, either to foster new policies or rein in local autonomy. It was only after the economic setbacks of the depression and a renewed spirit of urban development after 1945 that provincial direction over municipalities became much more significant. This paper is a case study of two major policy crises which threatened the viability of the whole municipal system in Ontario. In the 1930s the Border Cities (Metropolitan Windsor) faced bankruptcy and economic collapse and placed in jeopardy the credit of the province. In the early 1950s the inability of Metropolitan Toronto to create area-wide solutions to severe servicing problems threatened to stall the main engine of provincial growth. The case study demonstrates how a reluctant provincial government intervened to create new metropolitan arrangements for the two areas and accompanied this with a greatly expanded structure of provincial oversight including a strengthened Ontario Municipal Board and a specific department to handle municipal affairs. The objective of the policy was to bolster local government rather than to narrow municipal autonomy.

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Mullally, Sasha. "Health Care Practitioners: An Ontario Study in Policy-Making Patricia O'ReillyHealth Care Practitioners: An Ontario Study in Policy-Making Patricia O'Reilly Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998, 432 p., $24.95." Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 19, no. 1 (April 2002): 293–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cbmh.19.1.293.

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Fallon, Barbara, Mark Kartusch, Joanne Filippelli, Nico Trocmé, Tara Black, Parlin Chan, Praveen Sawh, and Nicolette Joh-Carnella. "Ten Answers Every Child Welfare Agency Should Provide." International Journal of Child and Adolescent Resilience 6, no. 1 (May 7, 2020): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069074ar.

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A university-child welfare agency partnership between the Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work at the University of Toronto and Highland Shores Children’s Aid (Highland Shores), a child welfare agency in Ontario, allowed for the identification and examination of ten questions to which every child welfare organization should know the answers. Using data primarily from the Ontario Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (OCANDS), members of the partnership were able to answer these key questions about the children and families served by Highland Shores and the services provided to children and families. The Ontario child welfare sector has experienced challenges in utilizing existing data sources to inform practice and policy. The results of this partnership illustrate how administrative data can be used to answer relevant, field-driven questions. Ultimately, the answers to these questions are valuable to the broader child welfare sector and can help to enhance agency accountability and improve services provided to vulnerable children and their families.

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Hicks, Lisa K., Patrick O’Brien, Michelle Sholzberg, Nicole Veloce, Anne Trafford, and Doug Sinclair. "Tackling overutilization of hospital tests and treatments: Lessons learned from a grassroots approach." Healthcare Management Forum 31, no. 5 (August 22, 2018): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0840470418781172.

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Recent data suggest unnecessary medical testing and treatment is relatively common in Canada. A number of harms to patients can arise as a result of unnecessary tests and treatments. In addition to patient harm, unnecessary tests and treatments add to the cost of medical care. Inspired by the Choosing Wisely campaign, St. Michael’s Hospital in Toronto, Ontario, developed a hospital-wide program to address many different forms of overutilization at our hospital. The program prioritizes harm reduction over cost-containment and aims to create sustainable change through grassroots clinician engagement. This article will review important lessons learned from the St. Michael’s experience.

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MacDonald, Susan K., J. Edna Beange, and Peter C. H. Blackford. "Planning for Strategic Change? A Participative Planning Approach for Community Hospitals." Healthcare Management Forum 5, no. 3 (October 1992): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0840-4704(10)61213-6.

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Strategic planning is becoming to hospitals what business case analysis is to private corporations. In fact, this type of planning is becoming essential for the professional management of Ontario hospitals. The participative strategic planning process at Toronto East General Hospital (TEGH) is an example of how a professionally structured and implemented strategic planning process can be successfully developed and implemented in a community hospital. In this article, the environmental factors driving planning are reviewed and the critical success factors for the development and implementation of a strategic plan are examined in the context of TEGH's experience.

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Abrahams, C., S. Verma, R. Glazier, L. Jaakkimainen, and S. Shultz. "16. Postgraduate training and its effect on practice location, career choice and practice profile: Tracking 10 years of output from the University of Toronto." Clinical & Investigative Medicine 30, no. 4 (August 1, 2007): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v30i4.2776.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between location and specialty of training and practice characteristics such as type of practice (i.e. community versus academic), socio-demographic profile of patients and their complexity, hospital/health facility affiliations and workload/productivity. The analysis required an extraction of registrant data from the University of Toronto Postgraduate Web Evaluation and Registration (POWER) system for a cohort of exiting residents and fellows from 1993 to 2003. The data extract was linked to several administrative databases held by ICES, including physician practice and billing information from the Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP) and anonymized patient demographic data from the Registered Persons Database (RPDB). Results of this study will inform workforce policy issues such as the overall contribution made by Toronto graduates to Ontario, other Canadian provinces and international practice pool of physicians, trends regarding medical career choice, similarities and differences between career choices of International Medical Graduates versus Canadian Medical Graduates, impact of location/program of training, impact of length of training and profile/geography of patients served by graduates of Toronto. The study will aim to create a methodology/template for analysis that can be applied to other medical schools and catchment areas in human health resource planning. Chan B, Willett J. Factors Influencing Participation in Obstetrics by Obstetrician-Gynecologists. 2004; 103(3):493-498. Noble J, Baerlocher MO. Future Practice Profiles of Canadian Medical Trainees. Clinical and Investigative Medicine 2006; 29(4):288-289. Watson DE, Katz A, Reid RJ, Bogdanovic B, Roos N. Family Physician Workloads and Access to Care in Winnipeg: 1991 to 2001. Canadian Family Physician 2004; 171(4):339-342.

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Linovski, Orly. "Shifting Agendas: Private Consultants and Public Planning Policy." Urban Affairs Review 55, no. 6 (February 6, 2018): 1666–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087417752475.

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Despite concerns about the privatization of urban planning practices, there is little known about the professional actors involved in this restructuring. Private-sector consultants, though beholden to the same professional standards as public-sector employees, face competing pressures of an entrepreneurial fee-for-service business model. This article examines the role of planning consultants in shaping public policy agendas, by analyzing the redevelopment of Downsview Park in Toronto, Ontario. Drawing from interview and archival data, I find that private-sector planning consultants had influence in prioritizing policy agendas by propagating the need for sped-up processes and allowing landowners to “pay for priority.” The fluidity of professionals between firms, sectors, and projects reinforced the perceived value and neutrality of consultant expertise. These strategies worked to erode the differences between public- and private-sector planning processes, resulting in a high degree of influence for development interests.

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SCHMIDT, J., P. SETO, and D. Averill. "Pilot-Scale Study of Satellite Treatment Options for the Control of Combined Sewer Overflows." Water Quality Research Journal 32, no. 1 (February 1, 1997): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1997.012.

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Abstract Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) have been recognized for many years as a pollution problem within the Great Lakes ecosystem. CSOs were identified as a source of contamination in 10 of the 17 Canadian “Areas of Concern” designated by the International Joint Commission, and were considered a major problem in Hamilton Harbour and the Metropolitan Toronto Waterfront. Satellite treatment systems (located upstream in the sewerage system) were identified as being significantly more cost effective than other CSO control options in a feasibility study conducted for Metropolitan Toronto. Consequently, a multi-agency initiative was established in 1993 to examine the treatment of CSOs at a pilot-scale facility in the City of Scarborough. The technologies evaluated during two experimental seasons in 1994 and 1995 included a vortex separator, a circular clarifier, a horizontal-flow plate clarifier and an inclined rotary drum screen. Performance of the technologies is being assessed against a draft policy proposed by the Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy. Results to date have indicated that the vortex separator and the plate clarifier under “best conditions” were capable of 50% TSS removal and 30% BOD5 removal and should be capable of satisfying the policy.

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Struthers, James. "The Provincial Welfare State: Social Policy in OntarioA NECESSITY AMONG US: THE OWEN SOUND GENERAL AND MARINE HOSPITAL, 1891-1985. David Gagan. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990.ACTIVISTS AND ADVOCATES: TORONTOS HEALTH DEPARTMENT, 1883-1983. Heather MacDougall. Toronto: Dundum Press, 1990.PRIVATfZATION AND HEALTH CARE: THE CASE OF ONTARIO NURSlNG HOMES. Vera Ingrid Tannan. Toronto: Garamond Press, 1990.METRO’S HOUSING COMPANY: THE FIRST 35 YEARS. Michael McMahon. Toronto: The Metropolitan Toronto Housing Company Ltd., 1990.UNBALANCED: MENTAL HEALTH POLICY IN ONTARIO, 1930-1989. Harvey G. Simmons. Toronto: Wall & Thompson, 1990." Journal of Canadian Studies 27, no. 1 (April 1992): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcs.27.1.136.

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Honzawa, Ayako, and Masato Dohi. "The policy linkage of the municipal and provincial government brought by the Food Policy Council in Toronto, Ontario." Journal of the City Planning Institute of Japan 53, no. 3 (October 25, 2018): 372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.11361/journalcpij.53.372.

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Leman Stefanovic, Ingrid. "The Lake Ontario Waterfront Trail, Canada: Integrating natural and built environments." Ekistics and The New Habitat 69, no. 415-417 (December 1, 2002): 304–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200269415-417356.

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Ingrid Leman Stefanovic is Associate Professor of Philosophy at St.Michael's College, University of Toronto, Canada. She is also a full member of the graduate Institute for Environmental Studies and teaches interdisciplinary courses in Environmental Decision Making and Environmental Philosophy. Research interests address how taken for granted values and perceptions affect decision making and policy development. Previously, she worked in Leman Group Inc., together with her father, Alexander B. Leman. She has co-edited a book on the Great Lakes Megalopolis. Her most recent book is entitled Safeguarding Our Common Future: Rethinking Sustainable Development (SUNY Press, 2000). She is a member of the World Society for Ekistics (WSE). The text that follows is a slightly edited and revised version of a paper that the author intended to present at the WSE Symposion "Defining Success of the City in the 21st Century," Berlin, 24-28 October, 2001, in which she was finally unable to participate.

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Foreman-Mackey, Annie, Ahmed M. Bayoumi, Miroslav Miskovic, Gillian Kolla, and Carol Strike. "‘It's our safe sanctuary’: Experiences of using an unsanctioned overdose prevention site in Toronto, Ontario." International Journal of Drug Policy 73 (November 2019): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.09.019.

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van der Werf, Paul, Kristian Larsen, Jamie A. Seabrook, and Jason Gilliland. "How Neighbourhood Food Environments and a Pay-as-You-Throw (PAYT) Waste Program Impact Household Food Waste Disposal in the City of Toronto." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 28, 2020): 7016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177016.

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Household food waste has negative, and largely unnecessary, environmental, social and economic impacts. A better understanding of current household food waste disposal is needed to help develop and implement effective interventions to reduce food wasting. A four-season waste characterization study was undertaken with 200 single-family households across eight neighbourhoods in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The City of Toronto provides residents with a pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) waste program that includes a choice of four garbage cart sizes (Small [S], Medium [M], Large [L], Extra Large [XL]), with increasing annual user fees ($18.00–$411.00 CAD), as well as a green cart (organic waste) and blue cart (recycling). On average, each household disposed 4.22 kg/week of total food waste, 69.90% of which was disposed in the green cart, and disposal increased significantly (p = 0.03) by garbage cart size to L but not XL garbage carts. Of this total, 61.78% consisted of avoidable food waste, annually valued at $630.00–$847.00 CAD/household. Toronto’s PAYT waste program has been effective at diverting food waste into the green cart but not at reducing its generation. Higher median incomes were positively correlated, while higher neighbourhood dwelling and population density were negatively correlated, with total and avoidable food waste disposal. Regression analyses explained 40–67% of the variance in total avoidable food waste disposal. Higher supermarket density and distance to healthier food outlets were associated with more, while dwelling density was related to less, total and avoidable food waste disposal. Distance to fast food restaurants and less healthy food outlet density were both negatively associated with avoidable food waste disposal in the garbage and green cart, respectively. Avoidable food waste reduction interventions could include increasing garbage cart fees, weight-based PAYT, or messaging to households on the monetary value of avoidable food waste, and working with food retailers to improve how households shop for their food.

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Gagné, Antoinette, Jeff Bale, Julie Kerekes, Shakina Rajendram, Mama Adobea Nii Owoo, Katie Brubacher, Jennifer Burton, Elizabeth Jeanne Larson, Wales Wong, and Yiran Zhang. "Centring multilingual learners and countering Rrcism in Canadian teacher education." OLBI Journal 12 (December 22, 2022): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/olbij.v12i1.5982.

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This article includes aspects of a larger study in which we critically examine how and what mainstream teacher candidates learn in preservice programs about supporting multilingual learners (MLs). Since 2015, the province of Ontario has required that all teacher candidates — not just future ESL specialists — be prepared to support MLs. Within this context, we provide a description and discussion of who multilingual learners are imagined to be in policy documents and by various actors in education, along with examples of teacher candidate learning from a mixed-methods case study of teacher-candidate learning in the Master of Teaching at the University of Toronto. Our article reveals the complexity of preparing teachers to support MLs and suggests possibilities for centring multilingual learners and countering racism in Canadian teacher education.

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Gray, Sarah. "Biological requirements or social expectations? Entanglements of sex and gender in nutrition policies in Ontario secondary schools." Health Education Journal 80, no. 7 (May 18, 2021): 773–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00178969211011208.

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Objectives: An increasing number of nutrition policies have been implemented in Ontario schools as part of a concerted effort to address students’ well-being. This article explores understandings of biological differences in nutrition requirements between young men and women and the extent to which these differences are (re)produced in social eating behaviours and food pedagogies. Setting: A suburban school (grades 9–12) located in the Greater Toronto-Hamilton Area in Ontario, Canada. Method: Critical policy analysis combined with 13 focus groups of students (13–18 years old) in one Ontario school. A biopedagogical lens was used to analyse how young people develop and deploy their own reasoning and question the messages they receive about expected behaviour. Results: Focus group discussions suggest that dominant discourses and constructions about sex/gender are reproduced within the school environment, which has implications for the effectiveness of nutrition policies in schools. Furthermore, differences between young men and women’s eating behaviours were found to be contradictory to biopedagogical instructions from educational institutions and governmental agencies. For some young people, the pedagogical messages received are limited in their effectiveness because young people have not been convinced that it is worth risking their social status or because their content is contrary to messages received from media or their peers. Conclusion: Incorporating student voice in the creation of educational policy will assist health educators and school officials to understand sex/gender influences on the behaviour of students in terms of financial considerations, peer influence and social image. Optimising student voice to understand how they themselves may contribute to the implementation of policies will in turn increase the policies’ effectiveness.

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Munawar, M., M. Fitzpatrick, H. Niblock, and J. Lorimer. "Autotrophic and heterotrophic indicators of ecological impairment in Toronto Harbour and coastal Lake Ontario." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 21, no. 3 (July 3, 2018): 293–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14634988.2018.1508935.

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Aquilina, Edwin Charles. "Urban sustainability and public awareness: The role of the National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy in Canada." Ekistics and The New Habitat 71, no. 424-426 (June 1, 2004): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200471424-426217.

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The author, Co-Chair, Urban Sustainability Task Force of the National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy, and Special Advisor to the Mayor of the City of Ottawa, is a former senior public servant and international consultant with extensive experience in public administration, policy formulation and program management relating to economic and regional growth, infrastructure development, social development as well as urban planning and conservation. With degrees in International Affairs from Carleton College in Minnesota and Political Science and Economics from Columbia University, he also holds Certificates in Russian Studies from Columbia University and in Military and Strategic Studies from the National Defense College in Kingston, Ontario. Mr Aquilina had a long career in the federal public service which included appointments to the Civil Service Commission, the Prime Minister's Office and the Privy Council Office. He served as Assistant-Deputy Minister in the Departments of Regional Economic Expansion, Secretary of State and Finance. He also occupied the positions of Deputy Secretary of the Treasury Board, General Manager of the National Capital Commission and Chair of the Task Force on Decentralization of Government Operations. As a consultant, he provided senior advice to the governmentof Lebanon on public service reform and headed a task force in Ethiopia on public finance reform. He was also a senior member of two missions from Canada to the governments of Benin and Haiti. The text that follows is an edited version of a paper presented at the international symposion on "The Natural City, " Toronto, 23-25 June, 2004, sponsored by the University of Toronto's Division of the Environment, Institute for Environmental Studies, and the World Society for Ekistics.

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McDougall, Andrew. "Comparing Quebec and Ontario: Political Economy and Public Policy at the Turn of the Millennium Rodney Haddow Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2015, pp. 392." Canadian Journal of Political Science 51, no. 1 (November 16, 2017): 193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423917001081.

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Chin, Anchor, Andy Lai, and Joseph Y. J. Chow. "Nonadditive Public Transit Fare Pricing Under Congestion with Policy Lessons from a Case Study in Toronto, Ontario, Canada." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2544, no. 1 (January 2016): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2544-04.

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M. Lancaster, Monica, and David P. Thow. "Care Coordination: A Case Study Linking Primary Health Care." Australian Journal of Primary Health 7, no. 1 (2001): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py01013.

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The purpose of this project is to demonstrate, through a case study, how York Community Services (YCS) is a leader in the delivery of primary health care through its integration of health, legal and social services. YCS is located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. YCS's mandate is to serve populations that have traditionally been on the margins of society and therefore have had difficulty accessing the health care system. These include victims of domestic violence, the isolated senior, those with severe mental illness and children living in poverty. Care coordination is a unique model developed by YCS whose main goal is to provide a forum for the client's providers to meet, discuss and coordinate relevant information. Care coordination is used to maintain continuity of care among providers.

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Tovilla, Edgar. "Mind the Gap: Management System Standards Addressing the Gap for Ontario’s Municipal Drinking Water, Wastewater and Stormwater Ecosystem of Regulations." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 31, 2020): 7099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177099.

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The research finds evidence in support of and wide recognition of the practical value of management system standards (MSS) by assisting municipalities in meeting their human health protection, environmental objectives, addressing environmental and property damage risks, and providing an additional mechanism of public accountability and transparency. Semi-structured interviews were applied to assess perceptions with practitioners and environmental non-governmental organizations on whether a similar approach to the legally required drinking water quality management standard (DWQMS) could be applied for the municipal wastewater and stormwater sectors. Twelve Ontario municipalities have adopted or are in the process of adopting an ISO 14001 environmental management system (EMS) standard for their wastewater and/or stormwater systems, which represents 66% of Ontario’s population. With the large urban centres (e.g., Toronto, York Region, Durham Region, Halton Region and Peel Region) adopting the standard, this is likely to influence small to medium-sized cities to follow a similar approach. Although, resources might be a factor preventing the cohort of smaller utilities voluntarily taking this path. Regulations governing Ontario’s municipal drinking water, wastewater and stormwater utilities were compared via gap analysis. Gaps on management of the system, performance monitoring, auditing and having minimum design criteria left the municipal wastewater and stormwater sectors behind in comparison with recently updated (2004–2008) regulatory framework for the drinking water sector. Based on the identification and review of significant gaps in wastewater and stormwater regulation (compared with the drinking water sector), environmental MSS should be incorporated to strengthen the regulatory framework of these sectors. These phenomena also depict a form of sustainable governance with the use of MSS, which are initiated, developed and regulated by non-state actors, recognizing the value of non-state rule instruments in the water, wastewater and stormwater sectors.

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Knight, Jane. "Understanding International Program and Provider Mobility in the Changing Landscape of International Academic Mobility." SFU Educational Review 12, no. 3 (December 16, 2019): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21810/sfuer.v12i3.1037.

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This article focuses on International Program and Provider Mobility (IPPM) which is an increasingly important but understudied aspect of Internationalization. This interview was conducted by Dr. Laura K. Baumvol with Dr. Jane Knight on September 2, 2019. References for further reading on IPPM are provided at the end of the article. Professor Dr. Knight of the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto and Distinguished Visiting Professor at the University of Johannesburg, focuses her research on the international dimension of higher education at the institutional, national, regional and international levels. Her work in over 70 countries brings a comparative, development and international perspective to her research, teaching and policy work. She is the author of numerous publications and sits on the advisory boards of international organizations, universities, and journals. She is the recipient of several international awards and two honorary doctorates for her contribution to higher education internationalization.

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Speakman, Jane, Fernando González-Martin, and Tony Perez. "Quarantine in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and other Emerging Infectious Diseases." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 31, S4 (2003): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2003.tb00755.x.

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SARS and monkeypox have given the public health community a unique opportunity to examine the use of quarantine measures. Until recently, the word “quarantine”was not used in polite conversation, and evoked unsavory images. The recent SARS epidemic illustrated the important role of quarantine and isolation as a public health response to communicable disease.As public health officials in Toronto began to take control of the SARS epidemic, a second wave of the disease (SARS II) emerged. In the first SARS epidemic, approximately 8,200 individuals were isolated. There were approximately 82 probable cases, 66 suspect cases, and 24 deaths. On May 22, 2003, SARS II emerged. In total, approximately 13,000 people were quarantined. SARS II saw the onset of difficult questions being asked about the control and spread of SARS.The province of Ontario establishes the public health policies and legislative framework for the entire province.

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Reid, Scott, and Anita LeBaron. "Autumn electrofishing reduces harm to Ontario (Canada) stream fishes collected during watershed health monitoring." Conservation Evidence Journal 18 (January 1, 2021): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52201/cej18hjvu9134.

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Electrofishing surveys provide important information on watershed health, and the status of imperiled and recreationally important stream fishes. Concerns about the harmful effects of electrofishing on the endangered redside dace Clinostomus elongatus have resulted in restrictions on its use in sampling activities in the province of Ontario, Canada. However, the effectiveness of these restrictions is unproven. We undertook a paired sampling gear study in 2018-2019 to test whether an alternate gear (seine nets) or a change in electrofishing timing (autumn rather than summer) reduced harm to stream fishes. The study took place in streams located in the Greater Toronto Area. We found large differences in the frequency and magnitude of sampling-related mortalities between sampling gear and seasons. During individual surveys, electrofishing mortality never exceeded 9% in the summer or 4% in the autumn, while seining-related mortality reached 60% at two stream sites. Overall, autumn electrofishing resulted in mortality rates that were 5.6 and 15 times lower than summer electrofishing and summer seining. These results indicate that survival of Ontario stream fishes can be improved by delaying electrofishing until early autumn.

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Fulthorpe, Roberta R. "Woodshock Forestry Conference, held at the Holiday Inn—Downtown Toronto, 89 Chestnut Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, during 17–19 October 1985." Environmental Conservation 13, no. 1 (1986): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900036055.

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Robson, Karen, Paul Anisef, Robert S. Brown, and Rhonda George. "Underrepresented Students and the Transition to Postsecondary Education: Comparing Two Toronto Cohorts." Articles 48, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1050841ar.

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Using data from two cohorts of Grade 12 students in Toronto, we examined whether the transition to post-secondary education changed between 2006 and 2011, particularly for under-represented groups. We used multilevel, multinomial logistic regressions to examine how the intersections of race and sex affect post-secondary transitions in the two cohorts. Our findings revealed that Black, Latino, and Southeast Asian students were less prepared for post-secondary education than White students. Students in these groups had lower than average GPAs, higher identification of special education needs, or lower likelihoods of taking academic-stream courses. These differences remained fairly stable between 2006 and 2011. We did, however, find that Black students were more likely than White students to confirm a place in university in 2011—a significant difference. In contrast, Southeast Asian students experienced a decline in university transition but an increase in college confirmation. We also found that race and sex were important intersections for university confirmations in the case of Blacks and for college confirmations in the case of Southeast Asians. We contextualize our findings within the policy climate of Ontario in the years spanning our two cohorts.

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Robson, Karen, Paul Anisef, Robert S. Brown, and Rhonda George. "Underrepresented Students and the Transition to Postsecondary Education: Comparing Two Toronto Cohorts." Canadian Journal of Higher Education 48, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v48i1.187972.

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Using data from two cohorts of Grade 12 students in Toronto, we examined whether the transition to post-secondary education changed between 2006 and 2011, particularly for under-represented groups. We used multilevel, multinomial logistic regressions to examine how the intersections of race and sex affect post-secondary transitions in the two cohorts. Our findings revealed that Black, Latino, and Southeast Asian students were less prepared for post-secondary education than White students. Students in these groups had lower than average GPAs, higher identification of special education needs, or lower likelihoods of taking academic-stream courses. These differences remained fairly stable between 2006 and 2011. We did, however, find that Black students were more likely than White students to confirm a place in university in 2011—a significant difference. In contrast, Southeast Asian students experienced a decline in university transition but an increase in college confirmation. We also found that race and sex were important intersections for university confirmations in the case of Blacks and for college confirmations in the case of Southeast Asians. We contextualize our findings within the policy climate of Ontario in the years spanning our two cohorts.

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Sorensen, André, and Anna-Katharina Brenner. "Cities, Urban Property Systems, and Sustainability Transitions: Contested Processes of Institutional Change and the Regulation of Urban Property Development." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 28, 2021): 8429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158429.

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Sustainability transitions research has emerged as one of the most influential approaches to conceptualizing the potential and practice of transformative system change to avoid climate catastrophe. Evolving from work on socio-technical systems via Geels’ multi-level perspective (MLP), this conceptual framework has contributed to understanding how complex systems in the contemporary world can be transformed. This paper contributes to the sustainability transitions literature in three main ways. First, the paper develops a conceptual framework focused on the urban property systems which regulate and support urban property, infrastructure and governance that are historically produced, are densely institutionalized, and through which public norms of property and governance are deeply embedded in and continually inscribed in urban space. Second, the paper suggests that urban property systems are continually and vigorously contested and demonstrate different modes of institutional change than those recognized by the existing sustainability transitions literature. Third, the paper illustrates the approach with a case study of the contested governance of property development in Toronto, Ontario, long one of the fastest growing cities in North America. The Toronto case suggests that institutions embedded in urban property systems are consequential and deserve more attention by those concerned with low-carbon transitions.

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Bathelt, Harald, and Ben Spigel. "University spin-offs, entrepreneurial environment and start-up policy: the cases of Waterloo and Toronto (Ontario) and Columbus (Ohio)." International Journal of Knowledge-Based Development 2, no. 2 (2011): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijkbd.2011.041248.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Police – Ontario – Toronto'

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