Journal articles on the topic 'Police officers'
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1
Kim, Yun Hee, Jae Woo Shin, and Young Il Cho. "A Qualitative Study on the Competency Model of Anti-Abuse Police Officers to improve professionalism in Response to Abuse Cases." Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice 32, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 101–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21181/kjpc.2023.32.2.101.
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This study was conducted to develop a competency model for anti-abuse police officers to understand how the professionalism required for anti-abuse police officers is composed, and to make specific standards for education curriculum and selection process for anti-abuse police officer As a result of conducting interviews with anit-abuse police officers using BEI techniques, Lucia & Lepsinger (1999)'s three-step competencies analysis method, the anti-abuse police officer's competencies were derived into a total of five competencies: 'knowledge of victim psychology', 'knowledge of supporting victim system', 'legal knowledge', 'communication skills', and 'resilience'.
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Lott, Jr, John R., and Carlisle E. Moody. "Do White Police Officers Unfairly Target Black Suspects?" Economics, Law and Policy 4, no. 2 (January 4, 2022): p12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/elp.v4n2p12.
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Using a unique data set we link the race of police officers who kill suspects with the race of those who are killed across the United States. We have data on a total of 2,706 fatal police killings for the years 2013 to 2015. This is 1,333 more killings by police than is provided by the FBI data on justifiable police homicides. We conducted three tests of discrimination. The results of these tests are different. In the first test we find some evidence that white officers are more likely to kill a black suspect who is later found to be unarmed than they are to kill an unarmed white suspect. However, this result could not be confirmed using a fixed effects model on panel data aggregated to the city level. In the second test, we find that white police officers are no more likely to kill an unarmed black suspect than are black or Hispanic officers. The results of this test are confirmed by the panel data version of the test. The third discrimination test indicated that black suspects, whether armed or not, are no more likely to be killed by a white officer than they are to be killed by black or Hispanic officers. Similarly, Hispanic suspects are no more likely to be killed by white offices than officers of other races. These results are also confirmed by panel data analyses. We find that when there is more than one officer on the scene, unarmed black suspects are not more likely to be killed by white police officers than unarmed white suspects. This could be evidence supporting a policy of reducing the number of officers working alone. Also, we find no evidence that body cameras affect either the number of police killings or the racial composition of those killings.
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Brock, Deon, Suzanne Klaus, Lisa Harbour, and Tammy Nash. "Stress and Police in Kansas." Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 75, no. 1 (March 2002): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x0207500104.
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This study examines law enforcement-related stress for the officers of one county in southwestern Kansas. The authors intend to uncover the potential sources of officer and/or family stress and identify how this might impact on overall family life/harmony. We intend to discover which independent variables (shift work, crowd control, press problems, etc.) exhibit the strongest relationship with the officer's perception of stress and his/her perception of its association with family stress. All officers of all law enforcement agencies of the county will be provided a survey.
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Huh, Koung-Mi. "A Study on the US Corrupt Police Officer Regulation System: Focusing on the New York Police Department." Korea Anti-Corruption Law Association 6, no. 2 (August 31, 2023): 185–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.36433/kacla.2023.6.2.185.
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This study analyzes the corrupt police officer regulatory system in the United States and presents its dilemma or implications. Due to the complex legal system in the United States, the punishment for the same corruption is different. This gives police officers the false impression that a colleague has been sacrificed in order to uphold noble justice. Federal disciplinary laws make it difficult to punish corrupt police officers because they determine the necessity of using firearms or violent force from the police officer's point of view. After all, the government is making a practice of closing corruption cases with a large civil settlement. Sanctions are required when the New York Police Commissioner does not accept the civil complaint review committee's disciplinary recommendation for corrupt police officers.Violence and excessive use of firearms by US police officers are increasing the number of civilian deaths. It should be recognized that punishing only the problem cops, like the rotten apple theory, is not an essential solution. Corruption among civilian police officers is also serious, and a separate anti-corruption policy is needed. US police need to make efforts to restore the trust and status of the police, which have been lost to the extent that the theory of abolition of the police force is spreading. In addition, the corruption control system of the police organization should be systematically overhauled.
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Farr-Wharton, Ben, Geremy Farr-Wharton, Yvonne Brunetto, Rod Farr-Wharton, Matt Xerri, and Art Shriberg. "Social Networks, Problem-Solving, Managers: Police Officers in Australia and the USA." Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice 14, no. 3 (December 15, 2018): 778–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pay095.
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Abstract This article compares the role of management on the effectiveness of social networks for police officers and implications for engagement using survey data from 575 police officers in the USA and 193 police officers in Australia. Analysis included capturing frequencies, correlations, ANOVAs, structural equation modelling (SEM) for quantitative data, and thematic analysis of the qualitative data. The findings show that 5% of police officer in the USA sample and 12% of police officer in Australian sample had no support for problem-solving; police officers in the USA had bigger social networks; the reasons given for not identifying their line manager as part of their social support included ‘the unapproachability of managers’ and ‘poor managers/bullying’ and SEM showed a significant relationship between perceived organizational support (from management), social networks, and employee engagement. The findings have implications for internal security (employee well-being and productivity) and external security (public safety).
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Zhao, Linda, and Andrew V. Papachristos. "Network Position and Police Who Shoot." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 687, no. 1 (January 2020): 89–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716219901171.
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This study applies the growing field of network science to explore whether police violence is associated with characteristics of an officer’s social networks and his or her placement within those networks. To do this, we re-create the network of police misconduct for the Chicago Police Department using more than 38,442 complaints filed against police officers between 2000 and 2003. Our statistical models reveal that officers who shoot at civilians are often “brokers” within the social networks of policing, occupying important positions between other actors in the network and often connecting otherwise disconnected parts of the social structure between other officers within larger networks of misconduct. This finding holds, even net measures of officer activity, career movement, and sociodemographic background. Our finding suggest that policies and interventions aimed at curbing police shootings should include not only individual assessments of risk but also an understanding of officers’ positions within larger social networks.
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Johnson, Richard R. "Police Officer Job Satisfaction." Police Quarterly 15, no. 2 (April 23, 2012): 157–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611112442809.
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The literature on police officers’ job satisfaction to date has focused primarily on individual officers’ demographic characteristics, while a few recent studies have demonstrated that officers’ job task characteristics are a principal source of job satisfaction. The present study expanded on this prior research by simultaneously analyzing three dimensions of correlates of job satisfaction: officers’ demographic characteristics, officers’ job task characteristics, and officers’ organizational environment characteristics. This was the first such study to include the dimension of organizational characteristics in the study of police officer job satisfaction. The analysis of survey data from a sample of patrol officers from 11 law enforcement agencies in the southwestern United States suggested that the officers’ job task characteristics were a principal source of job satisfaction. Organizational environment characteristics also played an important, but weaker, role in the shaping of officer job satisfaction.
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Copenhaver, Allen, and Richard Tewksbury. "Predicting state police officer alcohol consumption and use of tobacco." International Journal of Police Science & Management 20, no. 3 (September 2018): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461355718793667.
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Criminal justice research has well documented the fact that law enforcement officers experience a significant amount of stress. Research also suggests law enforcement officers use tobacco (which is not healthy at any rate) and alcohol at rates exceeding those of other populations. Although several studies have documented the above across a wide variety of law enforcement populations, research has not previously explored the extent to which state police officers use tobacco and alcohol. Because no studies explore state law enforcement officer use of tobacco and alcohol, no studies exist that identify factors predictive of state police officer use of alcohol and tobacco. This study addresses these gaps in the literature by surveying all sworn state police officers of one state police agency. Policy recommendations, as they pertain to reducing state police officer use of alcohol and tobacco are discussed below.
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Blair, J. Pete, Joycelyn Pollock, Don Montague, Terry Nichols, John Curnutt, and David Burns. "Reasonableness and Reaction Time." Police Quarterly 14, no. 4 (October 5, 2011): 323–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611111423737.
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When the police use deadly force, their actions are judged by the reasonableness standard. This article seeks to inform the reasonableness standard by examining the ability of police officers to respond to armed suspects. The results of a reaction time experiment are presented. In this experiment, police officers encountered a suspect armed with a gun, pointing down and not at the police officer. The police officer had his gun aimed at the suspect and ordered the suspect to drop the gun. The suspect then either surrendered or attempted to shoot the officer. The speed with which the officer fired if the suspect chose to shoot was assessed. Results suggest that the officers were generally not able to fire before the suspect. Implications for the reasonableness standard and policy are discussed.
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Bezpalova, O. I. "Introduction of the Project “Community Police Officer” as a Step towards Strengthening Local Security Infrastructure." Law and Safety 76, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/pb.2020.1.01.
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The author has emphasized on the importance of strengthening the institutional capacity of local self-government agencies to address their challenges, including in the field of public safety, in particular by strengthening local security infrastructure. It has been stated that the urgent issue of the present time is to update the tools of interaction between the local population and the police to achieve a common goal – to ensure public order and safety at the regional level focused on the needs of citizens. It has been emphasized that it is currently important to use the positive foreign experience of organizing the work of the police agencies and units. On the basis of studying this experience it is advisable to implement pilot projects aimed at creating a safe environment for citizens, which should implement effective local security infrastructure. To this end, the project “Community Police Officer” was launched in 2019 as part of the reform of the National Police in Ukraine.
Particular attention has been paid to the fact that the main purpose of the project “Community Police Officer” is to ensure close cooperation between police officers and amalgamated community, where police activities are primarily focused on the needs of the community. It has been argued that a characteristic feature of the project “Community Police Officer” is the focus on the introduction of a qualitatively and meaningfully new format of policing, where the needs of the community, local population should be in priority, which should be studied and ensured by keeping constant contacts between police officers and local population. The main innovations of this project have been analyzed. The powers of the community police officer and the district police officer have been differentiated. The key stages of the project “Community Police Officer” have been outlined. Specific features of training community police officers have been characterized, since it directly affects the effectiveness of their duties and the state of public order and safety within a particular amalgamated community. The peculiarities of evaluating the effectiveness of the community police officer’s work have been revealed. The author has emphasized on the importance of developing Regulations on the organization of community police officers’ work and developing an effective mechanism for elaborating the training programs for community police officers.
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Vereitin, S. V. "National Police of Ukraine as a Party to a Police Service Contract." Law and Safety 81, no. 2 (October 26, 2021): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/pb.2021.2.19.
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Scientific approaches to determining the legal status of the employer in labor relations have been studied considered. The author has studied the norms of the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police”, which determine the identity of the employer and his authority to enter into a police service contract.
It has been noted that the state is the employer in labor legal relations of police officers. However, employer powers in accordance with Part 1 of the Art. 63 of the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police” are delegated from the state to the National Police of Ukraine. Employer powers are directly exercised by the head of the police agency granting the right to accept and dismiss from the police. This person, on the one hand, is a representative of the employer, on the other hand – an employee.
It has been stated that the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police”, defining the identity of the employer in the labor legal relations of police officers, did not enshrine the labor rights and responsibilities of the National Police of Ukraine as an employer. It is recommended to clearly define the list of labor rights and responsibilities of the National Police of Ukraine as an employer in the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police”. The following groups of labor rights of the National Police of Ukraine should be envisaged: 1) the right to select on the position of a police officer; 2) the right to accept, transfer and dismiss from the police; 3) the right to demand from the police officer to perform his / her functional duties; 4) the right to organize and manage the service; 5) the right to apply incentives; 6) the right to compensation ин police officers for the damage caused to the property of the police agency as a result of the violation of their functional duties by police officers. It is also necessary to consolidate the following groups of labor responsibilities of the National Police of Ukraine: 1) ещ provide the police щаашсук with work that meets the job descriptions and functional responsibilities of the relevant position; 2) ещ create appropriate service conditions necessary for the performance of functional duties; 3) to ensure proper rest of police officerі; 4) to provide timely financial support to police officerі and in the full extent; 5) to provide social protection for police officers; 6) to ensure the protection of the life and health of police officers, the life and health of family members, as well as their property.
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Liu, Lin, Ivan Y. Sun, and Jianhong Liu. "Police Officers’ Attitudes Toward Citizens in China." International Criminal Justice Review 28, no. 1 (July 10, 2017): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1057567717717317.
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Although a substantial number of studies have examined public attitudes toward the police, a relatively thin line of research has assessed police attitudes toward the citizenry in China. Using survey data collected from a sample of approximately 200 Chinese police officers, the current study examined the effects of police officers’ demographic characteristics, socialization and experience factors, and role orientations on officers’ attitudes toward citizen virtue, citizen cooperation with the police, and citizen input in police work. Results indicated that background and experience characteristics were ineffective in predicting the three aspects of officer attitudes toward citizens. Crime-fighting and service orientations were found to be related to officers’ attitudes toward the citizenry. Findings of this study enhance our understanding of police occupational attitudes in China and provide valuable implications for policy and future research.
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Gibbs, Jennifer C., Emily Priesman, James Ruiz, and Amy Mills. "Police officers killed on duty: Comparing the influence of social investment on line of duty deaths of men and women officers in the United States." International Journal of Police Science & Management 20, no. 4 (December 2018): 284–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461355718817332.
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In a unique exploration of line of duty police deaths, Kachurik and colleagues found that police officers in the USA with greater social investment (i.e., officers who were married and had children) were less likely than single officers to be feloniously killed (compared with accidental death) in the line of duty (Kachurik S, Ruiz J and Staub M [2013] Police officers killed on duty: a different view. International Journal of Police Science & Management 15: 114–124). This was confirmed by Gibbs et al. (2014) studying deaths of Baltimore Police Department officers, finding marriage, but not the number of children an officer had, was negatively associated with officer homicide (Gibbs JC, Ruiz J and Klapper-Lehman SA [2014] Police officers killed on duty: replicating and extending a unique look at officer deaths. International Journal of Police Science & Management 16: 277–287). Because marriage and children may have varying effects on each sex, this study explores the relationship between social investment and police officer deaths in the line of duty, comparing men and women officers. With a sample of 4840 men and 207 women police officers in the USA who died in the line of duty between 1980 and 2014, logistic regression confirmed the link between social investment and manner of death—although this relationship presented differently for men and women officers. Specifically, children, but not marriage, significantly influenced the death of women police officers; those who were married at the time of their death were less likely to be killed in the line of duty (compared with accidental death) than unmarried officers, but the number of children had no effect on line of duty deaths for women officers. Marriage had no effect on line of duty deaths for men, although having children increased the odds of a felonious death—which is inconsistent with prior studies. Implications are discussed.
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Lee, Hoon, and DongLyoul Kim. "A Study on Police Immunity to Criminal Liability that Results from Use of Excessive Force." Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice 33, no. 1 (March 30, 2024): 227–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21181/kjpc.2024.33.1.227.
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Public distrust of police grew over two police officers’ poor response to an attempted murder case in Incheon, Korea on November 15, 2021. The incident resulted in a public outcry for police reform and measures to address police incompetence as a female officer left the crime scene while a victim was stabbed in her neck. After the incident, the Korean National Police Agency initiated a revision to the Act of the Performance of Duties by Police Officers on the ground that the potential for criminal liability from use of police force is a primary obstacle to officers’ proactive law enforcement in the field. As the National Assembly approved the revision, police officers can be immune to criminal liability or their liability can be mitigated when they meet the requirements in the immunity clause. Nevertheless, the legislation faces strong opposition as it fails to adopt the concept of objectively reasonable mistakes in use of police force situations. In this regard, the current study critically reviewed the adequacy of the immunity clause within the context of legal nature of police force, police use of force standards as well as immunity to criminal liability clauses in 41 states in the United States of America. The present study proposed several policy implications for proper use of police force including the revision of the current immunity clause, changes in police officers’ weapon carrying systems and police officer requalification systems.
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Covington, Michele W., Lin Huff-Corzine, and Jay Corzine. "Battered Police: Risk Factors for Violence Against Law Enforcement Officers." Violence and Victims 29, no. 1 (2014): 34–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-12-00022.
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Although we hear more about violence committed by the police, violence against police officers is also a major problem in the United States. Using data collected from the Orlando, Florida Police Department files, this study examines situational variables, offender characteristics, and officer demographics that may correlate with violence directed at law enforcement officers. Logistic regression results indicate that battery against one or more police officers is significantly more likely when multiple officers are involved, when offenders are women, when offenders are larger than average as measured by body mass index (BMI), and when offenders are known to have recently consumed alcohol. We close with a discussion of policy implications and directions for future research.
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Serbyn, R. A., and S. I. Shevchenko. "POLICE ACTIVITIES OF POLICE OFFICERS AND COMMUNITY POLICE OFFICERS." Juridical scientific and electronic journal, no. 7 (2022): 508–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2524-0374/2022-7/122.
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Nedzinskas, Egidijus, Rūta Nedzinskienė, and Renata Šliažienė. "PROFESSIONAL POLICE OFFICERS BEHAVIOUR IN CRITICAL SITUATIONS." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 5 (May 20, 2020): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2020vol5.5005.
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Fast-moving processes in today's society make the importance of prompt, responsible and professional decision-making by police officers. In everyday situations that do not require important and urgent decisions, the police officer can act appropriately and avoid hasty, inadequate decisions. However, the police officer must always be prepared to face an emergency situation, to evaluate it correctly and to use the powers granted to resolve it. The only one wrong decision can have irreversible consequences for the police officer or the public. This paper aims to investigate the behaviour of professional police officers in everyday and critical situations. The research was based on scientific literature analysis and statistical data analysis. One of Lithuanian universities where future police officers are educated has been chosen for the study. A written survey for students – future police officers was performed. The study has shown that police officers, performing their daily duties without the need to take especially important decisions or making critical decisions on which depend the fate of the human, feel the legal liability and social responsibility. In critical situations requiring officers’ self-decision, these decisions are affected by the officers’ sense of responsibility to people, his/her obligation to comply with the law and fear of punishment if the law is violated.
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Isfen, Osman, and Regina E. Rauxloh. "Police Officers as Victims." Journal of Criminal Law 81, no. 1 (February 2017): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022018316685477.
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While there is plenty of research into crime committed by police officers, surprisingly little debate can be found regarding the situation where a police officer becomes a victim. This is remarkable as the police not only embody criminal law enforcement but also epitomise state power. Based on a comparative study, this article examines how criminal law in England and Germany deals with attacks against police officers through separate criminal offences as well as increased sentences. The authors examine how the use of criminal law reflects on the state’s perception and valuation of the role of the police officer. It will be shown that while in England there is the clear understanding that the status of the victim as police officer has an aggravating effect, Germany strongly opposes the idea that the office-holder deserves more protection than ordinary citizens. On the contrary, the law takes in consideration that the offender finds him- or herself in a vulnerable situation when faced with the power of the state.
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Steinman, Michael. "Police Officers and Administrators." Public Personnel Management 17, no. 3 (September 1988): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102608801700303.
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Crow, Matthew S., Tara O'Connor Shelley, Laura E. Bedard, and Marc Gertz. "Czech police officers." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 27, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 592–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13639510410566299.
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Following the velvet revolution of 1989 and the adoption of a democratic form of government, Czech policing has experienced a plethora of changes resulting in a new police force that has been understudied to date. This research seeks to address this void using an exploratory approach that utilizes survey research to gauge the attitudes of 70 Czech police officers regarding crime and criminal justice policies; police and government involvement in social and order maintenance problems; and police practices in the Czech Republic (e.g. community‐oriented policing). Several factors – historical, ideology and job tenure – are considered as potential explanations for observed trends in officer attitudes. The results indicate that there are no clear patterns to these officers' attitudes.
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Boag-Munroe, Fran. "Career Progression Expectations and Aspirations of Female Police Officers in England and Wales." Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice 13, no. 4 (September 12, 2017): 426–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pax053.
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Abstract The Peelian principle that ‘the police are the public, and the public are the police’ remains a central tenet of the ‘policing by consent’ model of policing. However, the police in England and Wales are currently not gender-representative, most notably at the highest ranks. Using a sample of 21,490 officers in England and Wales between the ranks of Constable and Chief Inspector we addressed two questions to help better understand female officers’ career progression: the extent to which female officers saw hierarchical rank progression, first as realistic and second as desirable. Compared with male officers, and controlling for covariates, female constables were less likely to expect or desire progression to higher ranks, in particular Superintending and Chief Officer ranks. Gender differences in both expectation and aspiration regarding hierarchical rank progression were more limited amongst supervisory ranks. The implications of these findings for achieving a gender-representative police service are discussed.
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del Carmen, Alejandro, and Lori Guevara. "Police officers on two‐officer units." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 26, no. 1 (March 2003): 144–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13639510310460332.
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Kalashnyk, M. V. "Practice of Administrative and Jurisdictional Activity of Community Police Officers – Integral Part of the Principles for the Formation of Local and State Security Policy." Law and Safety 81, no. 2 (July 2, 2021): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/pb.2021.2.08.
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The author has accomplished the analysis of the essence of organizational and legal principles of community police officers’ activity (hereinafter – CPO), their interaction with other divisions of the National Police of Ukraine, state authorities, local self-government agencies and communities. The author has analyzed a set of tasks, functions and powers of CPO and the current state of regulatory legal provision of community police officers activity: has outlined the algorithm of actions of community police officers within the combination of functions of district police officers and patrol police officers.
The author has outlined the perspectives for more effective involvement of local residents into formation of local and state security policy through new mechanisms of cooperation with local communities and civil society institutions developed by the practice of police officers of territorial communities; the author has provided a number of propositions for the development of regulatory legal documents that would regulate the activities of community police officers. The author has studied the essence of interaction of police officers and members of the community, its legal principles and forms of realization, problems of regulation of the activity of the newly created law enforcement institution.
A new format of work of a district police officer, based on the principles of combining the efforts of local self-government agencies and law enforcement agencies, has been characterized. The author has defined a number of gaps in the legislative and regulatory provision of community police officers’ activities, including the establishment of effective coordination between community police officers and local communities and the elimination of existing or possible competitive interest that may arise in the process of their joint activities.
The determinant of lag of performing professional activity by community police officers from the standards of similar services of the European Union countries has been defined.
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Zherebtsov, D. Ye. "On Determining the Concept of “Disciplinary Liability of Police Officers”." Law and Safety 81, no. 2 (July 2, 2021): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/pb.2021.2.07.
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The essence of legal liability in labor law has been clarified. Scientific approaches to the definition of “disciplinary liability” have been studied. The purpose of disciplinary liability of employees has been defined. The author has studied the norms of the Law of Ukraine “On the Disciplinary Statute of the National Police of Ukraine” regarding the procedure for applying disciplinary liability to police officers.
Features of disciplinary liability of police officers have been determined. First of all, disciplinary liability of police officers is a type of special disciplinary liability. Secondly, only a police officer is subject to disciplinary action. Thirdly, disciplinary sanctions are applied by managers at various levels to the relevant regulatory defined range of police officers. Fourth, the purpose of disciplinary liability of police officers is to ensure the compliance with police service discipline, to prevent from committing disciplinary offenses by police officers, to educate police officers’ conscious attitude to the service, to create the necessary conditions for effective operation of police units. Fifth, disciplinary offense is the basis for applying disciplinary liability to police officers. Sixth, the occurrence of negative consequences, which are manifested in the imposition of disciplinary sanctions provided by the Law of Ukraine “On the Disciplinary Statute of the National Police of Ukraine”.
The author has suggested own definition of the term of “disciplinary liability of police officers”, which means the application of disciplinary sanctions under the Law of Ukraine “On the Disciplinary Statute of the National Police of Ukraine” to a police officer who has committed a disciplinary offense.
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Goncalves, Felipe, and Steven Mello. "A Few Bad Apples? Racial Bias in Policing." American Economic Review 111, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 1406–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20181607.
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We estimate the degree to which individual police officers practice racial discrimination. Using a bunching estimation design and data from the Florida Highway Patrol, we show that minorities are less likely to receive a discount on their speeding tickets than White drivers. Disaggregating this difference to the individual police officer, we estimate that 42 percent of officers practice discrimination. We then apply our officer- level discrimination measures to various policy-relevant questions in the literature. In particular, reassigning officers across locations based on their lenience can effectively reduce the aggregate disparity in treatment (JEL H76, J15, K42)
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Donner, Christopher M., Jon Maskaly, Alex R. Piquero, and Wesley G. Jennings. "Quick on the Draw." Police Quarterly 20, no. 2 (January 17, 2017): 213–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611116688066.
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Police officers have a continuum of force options available to them, but, without question, the most extreme of these options is deadly force. Recent officer-involved shootings in the United States, and their subsequent media attention, have placed police use of deadly force at the forefront of political, academic, and policy conversations. While the extant literature has uncovered numerous structural, organizational, and situational predictors of police shootings, studies to date are more limited with respect to individual-level factors and have essentially ignored criminological theoretical constructs. Using Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime as a theoretical framework, the current study fills a gap in the literature by using personal and agency records of 1,935 Philadelphia police officers to examine the relationship between low self-control and officer-involved shootings. The results indicate that officers with lower self-control are significantly more likely to have been involved in a police shooting.
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Womack, Valerie G., Robert G. Morris, and Stephen A. Bishopp. "Do Changes in TASER Use Policy Affect Police Officer Injury Rates?" Police Quarterly 19, no. 4 (July 31, 2016): 410–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611116629796.
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The addition of TASERs as a less lethal use-of-force option for police officers has facilitated much discussion in recent scholarship. Many police agencies have responded with force policy changes specific to appropriate applications for these weapons. While the goal of these changes is often to minimize concern about injury to citizens, debate rests on whether injury rates for officers are influenced by such transitions in policy. The present study used officer injury panel data from the City of Dallas (Texas) Human Resources Department to assess the impact of a 2005 modification to the Dallas Police Department’s TASER policy. The goal of the study was to assess change in the rate of officer injury after the implementation of a more restrictive policy. We observed a modest increase in the monthly rate of police officer injuries following the policy restricting use. These results were found net of other effects, with some noteworthy between-patrol-division variation. Implications for TASER use policy and future research are discussed within.
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Lamb, Vicky, and Emma Tarpey. "‘It’s not getting them the support they need’: Exploratory research of police officers’ experiences of community mental health." Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 92, no. 4 (November 22, 2018): 277–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x18812006.
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Police officers are first responders in a role which not only encompasses crime, but also increasing welfare issues. Issues have been highlighted with officers ‘detaining’ those with mental health difficulties and the impact that this process can have upon all involved. However, there appears to be a shift towards a police-health nexus. An exploratory study interviewed ten UK police officers with a view to understanding officers’ experiences of working with people with mental health difficulties and the availability of training for this role. With increasing demands to support people with mental health concerns, alongside a reduction in officer numbers, thematic analysis highlighted three themes: Support, Impact on the Officer and Understanding Mental Health. Increasing demands, a lack of training and limited multi-agency working were experienced by officers. However, officer-to-officer support was strong. Recommendations are made to increase collaborative multi-agency working and review the role of police officers as first responders in mental health crises.
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Stawnicka, Jadwiga, and Iwona Klonowska. "The Role of a Community Police Officer in Shaping the Security of Local Communities — Considerations in the Context of the First National Surveys of Community Police Officers (2017)." Internal Security 10, no. 1 (November 27, 2018): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7486.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the discussion of selected results of the nationwide community police officers research conducted by the authors in January 2017. This research is a part of the ongoing project of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration „Community police officer closer to us”. The analysis was based on the answers provided by 5,400 respondents from all over the country to the following questions: Should the role of community police officers be to carry out social prevention tasks? Are community police officers satisfied with their job as community police officers? How do they assess their interpersonal communication skills? Do they think they have prestige in the local community? Do they participate in meetings with the local community and how do they characterize the police mission? The results will be processed in 17 reports from the national community police officers research. The application of conclusions from the results of qualitative and quantitative research conducted all over Poland in 17 garrisons will have a significant impact on the dialogue between the authorities and community police officers, determining the expectations of first contact officers, their problems, strengths and weaknesses. The research carried out will increase the effectiveness of the “Community police officer closer to us” programme, one of the basic programmes of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration implemented in order to build trust between the authorities and a citizen. The research also resulted in two monographs on the functioning of the district division in Poland. The authors’research focuses on the partnership of community police officers services with the local community for internal security, taking into account the role of community police officers social and educational activities, and on drawing a professional portrait of the community police officer who is closer to people, solves problems of local communities and carries out activities in the social and educational area.
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Reynolds, Paul D., and Richard C. Helfers. "Do disciplinary matrices moderate the effects of prior disciplinary actions on perceived organizational support (POS) among police officers?" International Journal of Police Science & Management 20, no. 4 (December 2018): 272–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461355718816718.
Full textAbstract:
Previous research has argued that disciplinary matrices should increase positive attitudes toward the administration because this form of disciplinary practice allows for more salient, consistent, and predictable outcomes; however, no research has examined the influence of disciplinary actions on police officers’ attitudes, particularly among officers working in smaller agencies. Therefore, this exploratory study assessed the relationship between a department having a disciplinary matrix and perceived organizational support (POS) among police officers. Data were collected via a self-reported anonymous online survey administered by a state-wide police officer association in the southern USA. The findings suggest that the presence of a disciplinary matrix, a policy consisting of organizational justice components, has a positive association with officers’ POS and it also moderates disciplined officers’ POS. Thus, providing support that police administrators may be able to enhance organizational attitudes through the development and implementation of policies that adhere to organizational justice principles.
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Leštanin, Branko. "Endangering police officers in Serbia: Brief review on criminal law aspect." Bezbednost, Beograd 65, no. 1 (2023): 139–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bezbednost2301139l.
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The police profession is a very complicated area of social life because police officers perform one of the most complex tasks in society, which includes the fight against crime, maintaining public order and peace, security at sports events and other police work. The author deals with the research of endangering police officers when performing police tasks and in connection with police tasks. The normative method was used to analyze the criminal law aspects of endangering police officers, where the emphasis was placed on the police officer as a passive subject of felony and misdemeanors. An analysis of the content of documents containing statistical indicators on aggravated murders, attacks, and obstruction of police officers for the period 2016-2020 in Serbia was performed. The collected data were first processed and then presented in tables and graphical models in the paper, and certain conclusions were drawn by the method of synthesis and on the basis of performed analyses. The research shows that penal policy is mild, so in the future special programs and projects should be designed in order to make citizens aware of the harmfulness of endangering police officers and at the same time show positive examples of cooperation between the police and the citizens.
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Phillips, Scott W. "Police Response to Active Shooter Events: How Officers See Their Role." Police Quarterly 23, no. 2 (January 29, 2020): 262–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611119896654.
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“Active shooter” incidents and the police response to them receive considerable attention. There is a public expectation that officers should immediately enter active shooter events and engage the suspects. To explore how POLICE view their role in active shooter events, a vignette research design was used to gather opinion data from a convenience sample of police officers in two states. Respondents who evaluated vignettes describing a police officer’s response to an active shooter scenario clearly preferred options other than immediately entering the building. Policy implications and directions for future research are discussed.
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Phillips, Scott W., Dae-Young Kim, and Joseph Gramaglia. "The impact of general police officer outlooks on their attitudes toward body-worn cameras." Policing: An International Journal 43, no. 3 (April 6, 2020): 451–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-10-2019-0163.
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PurposeThe past five years have seen a growth in studies of police body-worn cameras (BWCs). A large share of the research focused on individual officer attitudes toward these new law enforcement tools. The scholarship, however, focused almost exclusively on their positive and negative perceptions of body cameras or correlations between those attitudes and general officer characteristics. This study examined whether the influence of negative or “concerning” policing attitudes toward body cameras is mediated by other variables, such as officer outlooks toward law enforcement, officers' perceptions of citizen cooperation or their opinions of the public.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was distributed to a convenience sample of police offices from two Northeastern police agencies.FindingsFindings indicate that the relationship between experience and concerning perceptions of body cameras is mediated by distrust in citizens and perceived civilian cooperation. Further, an office's outlooks regarding aggressive law enforcement tactics do not have a direct effect on concerning perceptions of body cameras, nor do they serve as a mediator between years of experience and concerning perceptions of body cameras.Originality/valueFindings uncover the nuance and complexity of studying and understanding police officer outlooks and perceptions of BWCs. Future experimental designs should include general outlook measures.
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Preito-Hodge, Kayla, and Donald Tomaskovic-Devey. "A Tale of Force: Examining Policy Proposals to Address Police Violence." Social Currents 8, no. 5 (May 27, 2021): 403–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23294965211017903.
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We develop an explicitly organizational and relational approach to examine the problem of police violence, focusing empirically on prominent policy recommendations to increase officer demographic diversity, raise educational requirements for new officers, and implement community policing strategies. We first review prior research on these proposals, which is surprisingly thin and non-supportive of the proposals. To examine the baseline plausibility of these recommendations, we estimate cross-sectional negative binomial models, regressing counts of police department use of force on indicators of community policing, officer education, and officer racial and gender diversity. We find that police organizations with more college-educated officers are less violent toward citizens, but that the race and sex composition of law enforcement organizations are not associated with lower levels of police violence. After unpacking the community police philosophy into component practices, we find that practices that encourage proactive policing are associated with higher levels of police violence, while those that encourage the formation of relationships with citizens may reduce police violence. In conclusion, we advocate for better data collection on police violence, increased theorizing of police violence as an organizational accomplishment, and future policy interventions that approach police forces as potentially violent and racialized organizations.
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Supriyoko, Didik, Ujang Bahar, and Mul Yadi. "EFEKTIVITAS PROGRAM PERWIRA BHABINKAMTIBMAS POLRES BOGOR KOTA DALAM PENANGANAN PERKARA MELALUI ALTERNATIF PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA." DE RECHTSSTAAT 2, no. 2 (April 25, 2017): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jhd.v2i2.669.
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The method used in this research is a normative juridical research with comparative law. This study will be a descriptive analysis will provide an overview of the Implementation Program of Bogor City Police Officer Bhabinkamtibmas by virtue Kapolri No.Pol: B / 3022 / XII / 2009Sdeops Date December 14, 2009 on the Handling of Cases Through the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). The program is named after the latest Police Officer Bhabinkamtibmas. The program is a pilot project. This program will be applied in the future to another police station to an extent Polsek.Dengan the Bhabinkamtibmas officers who have members from a wide range of functions is expected to prevent the disruption of security and public order as well as to resolve conflicts early horizontal. The role and function Bhabinkamtibmas members in each region will be further optimized. Bhabinkamtibmas officer team will be down directly in the community to help solve the problems of citizens. Thus, each issue should not be resolved through legal channels, but through mediation and approach officials with the public. The formation of a team of officers Bhayangkara Trustees Public Order and Safety in the City Police Bogor, West Java, a pilot project, particularly for the police station in West Java. The team of eight people who have received training and certification from the National Mediation Centre. The team is a kind of ad hoc team, which is responsible to the Chief of Police and Officer Team members Bhabinkamtibmas of some police functions, not only the function of public guidance. The conclusion from this study is the Program Implementation in Bogor Police Officer Bhabinkamtibmas City and yet not maximum impact on increasing public perception of the police. In terms of implementation, it appears less optimal competence of officers in the police station and police station level. Instructive culture within the police adopted a policy of military norms Officer Program Bhabinkamtibmas seen by officers in the field more as a mere 'implementation of new tasks' rather than the 'improvement of quality of service'.
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Ba, Bocar, and Jeffrey Grogger. "The Introduction of Tasers and Police Use of Firearms: Evidence from the Chicago Police Department." AEA Papers and Proceedings 109 (May 1, 2019): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20191029.
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Many police jurisdictions have recently expanded their Taser arsenals with a goal of reducing officer-involved shootings. We analyze substitution between Tasers and firearms by means of an event study made possible by a policy change at the Chicago Police Department. Before March 2010, only sergeants and field training officers had access to Tasers; after that date, they were made available to patrol officers. We find that the change in Taser policy led to a large increase in Taser use, but not to a decrease in the use of firearms.
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Song, Hye-jin. "A study on the introduction of psychological autopsy in the police organization." Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice 31, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 117–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21181/kjpc.2022.31.4.117.
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The police officer manages the initial measures and case records in the case of suicide against ordinary citizens, verifies the actual part of the suicide, and concludes the investigation by submitting formal records on the cause of suicide.
In addition, the Central Psychological Autopsy Center and the Metropolitan Mental Health Promotion Center are conducting psychological autopsy on ordinary citizens, and based on this, they propose policy proposals for suicide prevention. However, when a police officer commits suicide, psychological autopsy is not performed on them.
In this study, the number of post-traumatic stress and counseling is increasing in the case of police officers, and the suicide rate is not decreasing. Therefore, the issue of introducing a psychological autopsy center in the National Police Agency was raised by comparing the suicide rates of police officers, firefighters, and correctional officers The causes of suicide of police officers can be divided into personal problems and social problems. The personal problems are difficulties due to personal tendency, job-related problems and illnesses. The social causes are problems caused by low conflicts and support in the organization.
In addition, there are cases where the exact cause of the suicide of police officers due to the absence of the psychological autopsy center is not solved, which is why the police department insisted on introducing the psychological autopsy center.
Since the police are reluctant to disclose the part of counseling or post-suicide treatment due to the specificity of the organization, it is expected that the establishment of police officers in the office will contribute to lowering the suicide rate of police officers by establishing suicide prevention policies and accumulating databases based on the results of psychological autopsy.
In addition, the burden will be reduced if the police officers due to overwork are consulted with the mental companion center in the local government office rather than visiting each center.
Therefore, this study suggests ways to improve the system through the establishment of countermeasures manuals for police suicides and the establishment and revision of related legislation for the establishment of a dedicated organization.
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Tasbiha, Naila Sohrat. "Male Police involved Intimate Partner Violence: Is it more Dangerous than Abuse by Civilians? An Argumentative Analysis." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, no. XI (2023): 415–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.7011033.
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In the wake of the killing of George Floyd, Canadian and US policing has received mass scrutiny. These violent police behavior is currently prompting questions about the appropriate use of force by police officers. Police use of force usually focuses on police officer’s brutality in their official capacity, but there is a lack of empirical data on brutality and abuse perpetrated by police against their intimate partners in their private family lives. Although police officers are more likely than civilians to abuse their partners, the power and training provided to police officers by the state make them significantly more dangerous as domestic violence perpetrators. “Feminist theory” and “Hegemonic Masculinity theory” have been applied to understand the power and control that police officers have due to their training, which causes them to be considered more violent and dangerous for their families, especially for their intimate partners. To support the argument, three key themes have emerged: police abusers are skilled abusers; victims face a tremendous struggle to report the abuse; and available support systems for the victims of police abusers sometimes not adequate for them. Finally, some policy implications have been provided to address this problematic and potentially more dangerous issue.
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Kwak, Hyounggon, Susan McNeeley, and Sung-Hwan Kim. "Emotional Labor, Role Characteristics, and Police Officer Burnout in South Korea: The Mediating Effect of Emotional Dissonance." Police Quarterly 21, no. 2 (February 22, 2018): 223–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611118757230.
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This study examines the extent to which emotional labor and role stressors (such as role conflict and ambiguity) required of police officers contribute to police officer burnout. In particular, it is hypothesized that these aspects of police work cause officers to experience emotional dissonance, thereby leading to burnout. To test these hypotheses, we conduct mediation analyses using survey data from 466 police officers in Seoul, South Korea. Overall, emotional labor, role stressors, and emotional dissonance are related to greater police officer burnout. In addition, there were several significant indirect effects between emotional labor, role stressors, and burnout, via emotional dissonance.
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Kapusta, N. D., M. Voracek, E. Etzersdorfer, T. Niederkrotenthaler, K. Dervic, P. L. Plener, E. Schneider, C. Stein, and G. Sonneck. "Characteristics of Police Officer Suicides in the Federal Austrian Police Corps." Crisis 31, no. 5 (September 2010): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000033.
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Background: Suicide rates among police officers may be high because of strong occupational stressors. Aims: This study examined the suicide rate and suicide characteristics among police officers in the Federal Austrian Police Force. Methods: All suicides among policemen during the period 1996–2006 were analyzed retrospectively on the basis of personalized police record files from all Austrian police departments. Information on sex, age, marital status, children, region, method and place of suicide, suicide notes, position, and length of service was extracted from these files. The general Austrian population, adjusted for sex and age composition, served as the comparison group. Results: The suicide rate among male police officers was 30.2/100,000 (SD 11.0), which was comparable to the suicide rate in the adjusted general population (30.5/100,000; SD 2.9). The female police officer suicide rate was 1.8/100,000, while the corresponding suicide rate of the adjusted female general population was 12.5/100,000 (SD 1.7). Firearms were the most frequent suicide method (77.8%), and the incidence of suicide notes was 30.8%. Conclusions: Suicide rates among police officers seem comparable to those of the age-adjusted general population. Given the healthy-worker effect, these results still suggest an increased risk of suicide among police officers. These findings should stimulate further research on stressors and risk factors for suicide among officers and should also encourage departments to increase awareness regarding suicidal signs among officers.
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Masalova, T. A. "On guarantees of protection of the policeman's right to money security." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 66 (November 29, 2021): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.66.20.
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The article considers the issues of guarantees of protection of the policeman's right to financial security, in particular, the definition of "guarantees of protection of the policeman's right to financial security", defines the purpose, objectives and functions of the investigated guarantees, and outlines the structure of basic guarantees. Thus, guarantees for the protection of the right of police officers to financial security are considered as a set of legal and organizational-legal means, methods and conditions by which the police and state bodies ensure the real restoration of the violated right to remuneration.
It is concluded that today the guarantees of protection of the police officer's right to monetary security are a special manifestation of guarantees of protection of the employee's right to remuneration. This position allows us to draw the following conclusions: (1) the extension to the police of labor law and other guarantees of protection of labor rights of employees contributes to the expansion of the set of human-centered principles available in labor law in this area. This does not allow the state to subject police officers to labor exploitation, which degrades their human dignity, and obliges them to properly ensure and protect the right of these officers to a decent reward for their work; (2) as the real existence of guarantees of human and civil rights and freedoms in Ukraine is still far from adequate, the guarantees of protection of the police officer's right to financial security are not sufficiently perfect. Meanwhile, it should be borne in mind that the importance of police work, as well as ensuring a high level of social security of these officers has led to the creation and operation of a legal mechanism to protect the right of police officers to a decent reward. conditions under which a police officer may confirm and protect the right to financial security by all means and methods available to him, which do not endanger the state of national security of the state.
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Gau, Jacinta M., and Nicholas D. Paul. "Police officers’ role orientations." Policing: An International Journal 42, no. 5 (October 10, 2019): 944–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-04-2019-0044.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine police officers’ attitudes toward community policing and order maintenance, as well as the facets of the work environment that impact those attitudes. Design/methodology/approach Survey data come from a sample of officers in a mid-sized police department. Ordinary least squares regression modeling is used to examine community-policing, order-maintenance and law-enforcement role orientations. Findings Officers endorse community partnerships, but are less enthusiastic about order maintenance. They also display mid-level support for traditional law enforcement. Work–environment variables have inconsistent impacts across the three role orientations. Research limitations/implications This was a survey of attitudes in one department. Future research should examine officers’ involvement in community-policing and order-maintenance activities and any impediments to such activities. Practical implications The findings have implications for police leaders seeking to implement community policing and ensure street-level officers are carrying out partnership and order-maintenance activities. In particular, top management must foster a positive work environment and personally model commitment to policing innovations. Originality/value This paper adds to the currently sparse body of literature on officer attitudes toward community policing and order maintenance, and incorporates traditional law-enforcement attitudes as a point of contrast. This paper advances the scholarly understanding of police officers’ role orientations.
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Tewksbury, Richard, and Allen Copenhaver. "How cops see themselves." International Journal of Police Science & Management 18, no. 4 (September 28, 2016): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461355716669368.
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This study provides the first assessment of officer self-regard and physical confidence among a sample of state police officers. Specifically, this study aims to identify health and wellness predictors of officer self-regard and physical confidence. Data were collected from surveys of all sworn members of one state police agency. State police officer self-regard is predicted by officers’ work shift, officer exercise, fast food consumption, officer sleep, and officers experiencing depression. No significant predictors of officer physical confidence were identified. This is the only study of health and wellness predictors of officer self-regard and physical confidence. Several health and wellness factors are predictive of officer self-regard, but more research should be conducted to identify health and wellness predictors of officer physical confidence.
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Панов, О. І. "TYPES OF DISCIPLINARY PENALTIES APPLICABLE TO POLICE OFFICERS." Juridical science 1, no. 4(106) (April 2, 2020): 258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32844/2222-5374-2020-106-4-1.32.
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The relevance of the article is that the special content and educational goals of legal liability in general and its individual types are expressed in the variability of legal penalties. For example, the most severe criminal liability involves the application to violators, criminals, a wide range of special sanctions that correspond to the severity of the crime committed by each of them. At the same time, diversity is also inherent in disciplinary action against police officers. It is determined that reprimand and severe reprimand are similar to reprimand disciplinary sanctions and mostly embody a psychological and evaluative form of influence on a police officer. That is, their use shows that the management of a police body or unit condemns the relevant actions of the police officer. However, in contrast to the remarks, reprimands and severe reprimands have a greater disciplinary intensity, as they are applied for a longer period and, as a result, can be a punishment for more serious disciplinary offenses. At the same time, among many other penalties, reprimands and severe reprimands can be described as insignificant, because they do not cause any other additional legal consequences. It was found that the reduction of a special rank by one degree provides not only a formalized condemnation of illegal actions or inaction of a police officer, which constitute a disciplinary offense, but also limit his employment status, by: first, assigning the latter a rank that does not actually correspond the term of service of a police officer; secondly, the restriction of his financial support, because the lower special rank provides a lower salary for such a rank, which is part of the pay structure of police officers. It was emphasized that the dismissal in general and as a disciplinary sanction is expressed in the complete termination of employment between the relevant police officer and the National Police of Ukraine. In contrast to dismissal, which involves the loss of a part of a police officer's function, the termination of employment leads to the loss of a person's status as a police officer as a whole. In addition, a police officer dismissed from the police for a disciplinary offense may not be recruited by the police for three years from the date of execution of the dismissal order.
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Bonkiewicz, Luke. "Exploring how an area’s crime-to-cop ratios impact patrol officer productivity." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 39, no. 1 (March 21, 2016): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-05-2015-0064.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how the combined crime rate and staffing levels of a patrol area affect patrol officers’ productivity. Specifically, the author identified and analyzed two macro-level correlates of patrol officer productivity: reported violent crimes per officer and reported property crimes per officer (a beat’s “crime-to-cop” ratios). Design/methodology/approach – Using hierarchical linear modeling, the author estimated the effects of a patrol area’s violent crimes per officer ratio and property crimes per officer ratio on the annual number of traffic citations, warrants, misdemeanor arrests, and felony arrests generated by patrol officers (n=302). The author also examined the effect of these crime-to-cop ratios on a more advanced productivity metric. Findings – The results suggest that a patrol area’s rate of property crimes per officer is associated with a moderate decrease in an officer’s annual number of traffic citations, warrant arrests, and misdemeanor arrests; a patrol area’s rate of violent crimes per officer is also associated with a moderate decrease in an officer’s annual number of traffic citations; and a patrol area’s rate of violent crimes per officer is associated with a moderate increase in an officer’s annual number of warrant and misdemeanor arrests. Notably, the crime-to-cop ratios are not correlated with a more sophisticated patrol productivity metric. Research limitations/implications – The author analyzed data from a mid-sized US police department that uses a generalists policing style. It is unknown if these results translate to smaller or larger police departments, as well as those agencies practicing a specialized policing style. Practical implications – The findings suggest that police scholars should not only recognize how the crime-to-cop ratios of a patrol area might impact patrol officer productivity, but also incorporate more sophisticated metrics of patrol officer activity in future studies. These findings likewise signal to police practitioners that an area’s crime-to-cop ratios should be considered when allocating officers and other resources across patrol areas. Originality/value – To the authors knowledge, this is the first study to identify and examine the link between a patrol area’s crime-to-cop ratios and patrol officer productivity.
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Eadens, Danielle Maya, Ann Cranston-Gingras, Errol Dupoux, and Daniel Wayne Eadens. "Police officer perspectives on intellectual disability." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 39, no. 1 (March 21, 2016): 222–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-03-2015-0039.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine police officer perceptions about persons with intellectual disabilities. Design/methodology/approach – In this study, 188 officers from three police districts in the Southeast USA were surveyed using a modified Social Distance Questionnaire. Findings – Results indicate that the majority of police officers surveyed had little or no training with regard to disabilities and that most are willing to interact socially with individuals with intellectual disabilities. Further, this study found that female officers had significantly greater positive attitudes toward individuals with intellectual disabilities than male respondents and that white respondents were more knowledgeable about these individuals than those from minority backgrounds. Research limitations/implications – While these results are significant, it should be noted that the number of female and minority participants was relatively low. Practical implications – The paper includes recommendations for professional development for police officer and criminal justice training programs. Social implications – As individuals with developmental and intellectual disabilities are increasingly integrated into society, their vulnerability to mishandling by the criminal justice system and police officers intensifies. This paper allows police officers and those within the field of criminal justice an opportunity to examine perceptions as they seek to understand how police and general societal perceptions impact the way that people interact with persons with intellectual disabilities. Originality/value – This paper fulfills a need to examine attitudes of police officers toward citizens with intellectual disabilities in the communities in which they live. These attitudes often affect the way that police officers interact with citizens and identify additional training needs to better prepare officers for diverse individuals they may will encounter.
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Patterson, George T. "Demographic Factors as Predictors of Coping Strategies among Police Officers." Psychological Reports 87, no. 1 (August 2000): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.87.1.275.
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This study examined the effects of demographic factors on coping responses among police officers. A sample of 233 police officers completed the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (Folkman & Lazarus, 1988). The regression analysis showed that the higher the reported educational attainment, the more police officers reported coping which was emotion-focused and seeking social support. The rank of the officer was directly related to reported emotion-focused coping. These results are discussed relative to research on the relations of demographic factors and coping responses among police officers.
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Aleksandrov, Yu V. "Specific Features of the Professional I-Concept of Patrol Police Officers Depending on the Availability of Previous Experience in the Ministry of Internal Affairs." Law and Safety 72, no. 1 (March 26, 2019): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/pb.2019.1.10.
Full textAbstract:
The paper is focused to the study of the professional I-concept of patrol police officers and the features of this concept, depending on the availability of previous experience in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine.
The definition of I-concept, self-appraisal, awareness and self-consciousness of a personality has been revealed. The modern approaches to the problem of the professional I-concept in psychology have been analyzed.
The author has presented the results of the empirical study, which was attended by police officers divided into 2 groups – those who used to serve in the internal affairs agencies (IAA), and those who did not have experience in the militia. During the research the author has studied the representations of police officers about themselves and about the ideal police officer, the levels of self-appraisal of police officers, peculiarities of their career orientations and self-efficacy.
It has been experimentally established that the self-appraisal of police officers without experience in the IAA is overestimated. The specifics of the system of representations of patrol police officers of different groups about their own professionally relevant personality qualities and the specifics of the system of representations about their own communicative qualities have been also researched. The author has demonstrated the vision by police officers who do not have the experience in the IAA, the image of an ideal patrol police officer, their understanding of the ideal police officer, as well as their vision of themselves as the bearer of leadership qualities, the attitude towards authoritarianism and dictatorial manifestations. Based on the research the author has also noted the specifics of career orientations and the peculiarities of the effectiveness of patrol police officers, depending on their previous experience in the police.
To solve the problems, the author has used the following psycho-diagnostic techniques:
“Personal differential”;
Lyri method of diagnosis of interpersonal relations;
“Career Anchors” by Edgar H. Schein;
Scale of general self-efficacy;
S. Budassi methodology.
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Batechko, Albina. "PROTECTION OF THE HONOR AND DIGNITY OF NATIONAL POLICE EMPLOYEES." Law Journal of Donbass 76, no. 3 (2021): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2523-4269-2021-76-3-62-68.
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The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the protection of the honor and dignity of the National Police of Ukraine. The notion of honor and dignity of a police officer is considered and analyzed. The author revealed the meaning of the terms «dignity» and «honor» and provided a definition of honor and dignity of police officers within the independence of these terms and pointed out the main difference between these concepts. The article identifies the current state of national and international legislation on the protection of honor and dignity. The main characteristics and indicators of professional honor and decent behavior of a police officer are given. It is noted that the real protection of the honor and dignity of police officers in practice is virtually ignored and, according to current statistics, offenses against the honor and dignity of police officers are indicators of latent crime. The experience of European countries, namely Poland and France on the mechanism of protection of personal safety and security of police officers is considered. The main provisions of the draft Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to the Code of Administrative Offenses of Ukraine to protect the honor and dignity of employees of the National Police of Ukraine, members of public formations for the protection of public order and the state border and servicemen» № 5050. It has been found that the honor of the police officer is a directly external assessment of the police officer from the society or the relevant social group, which characterizes the moral appearance of the entire personnel of the bodies and units of the National Police of Ukraine. The dignity of the police officer is the internal self-esteem of police officers as a moral personality that is significant for the environment, for society, and determining the significance of the police as a professional based on its achievements, self-esteem. The protection of the honor and dignity of the police as a citizen of Ukraine is carried out on general grounds and does not guarantee a certain level of protection during the execution of police officers.
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Nair, AJ, M. Nandini, S. Adappa, and C. Mahabala. "Carbon monoxide exposure among police officers working in a traffic dense region of Southern India." Toxicology and Industrial Health 33, no. 1 (August 19, 2016): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233716654071.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, in India, air pollution is widespread in urban areas where vehicles are major contributors. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of exposure in traffic police officers exposed to vehicle exhaust for less than 8 h/day. The specific objective of the study was to determine the levels of carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) in these officers. The effect of exposure for 8 h/day is known, but shorter durations of chronic exposure need to be investigated, and there is a need to explore the policy options in this exposed population. This cross-sectional study, included non-smoking traffic police officers between 30 and 50 years of age working for more than 2 years in busy traffic junctions. The cases were sex matched with controls of same age group, working in offices at a teaching hospital. Venous blood was collected at the end of 3 h of duty for estimation of COHb among both the groups. The COHb levels were expressed as percentage values. Differences between the COHb levels among the traffic police officers and office workers were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U test and considered significant at p < 0.05. Traffic police officers had significantly elevated COHb levels compared with the controls; 76.5% of traffic police officers had COHb >2.5% compared with no office workers at this level and 41.2% of the police officers had COHb levels >4%. Overall, 53.8% of officers with COHb >2.5% reported headaches compared with 15.8% of officers with COHb <2.5%.