Journal articles: 'Police misconduct'

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Otu, Noel, Ben-Edet Emmanuel, Edidiong Mendie, and Ihekwoba Declan Onwudiwe. "POLICE BODY CAMERAS AND LIABILITY INSURANCE: THE DETERRENT TO POLICE MISCONDUCT." JOURNAL OF CRIME AND CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR 2, no. 2 (2022): 107–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47509/jccb.2022.v02i02.03.

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The Justice in Policing Act of 2020 propose mandatory body cameras for all uniformed federal officers in the United State. Advocates of this policy insist the practice will enhance police accountability and has the potential to also reduce police misconduct. In the same vein, advocates of mandatory liability insurance for police officers argue the policy will likely deter police officers from engaging in misconduct. How effective these policies are in enhancing police accountability and reducing police misconduct remains debatable. This paper examined the arguments for whether or not police body cameras have positively influenced police officers’ behavior based on an extensive literature analysis of the issue and some informal interviews with police officers. We make a case in this paper however, that body cameras alone will not deter police officers from engaging in misconduct. In line with the Rational Choice theories, police officers are more likely to restrain their actions if they know they will be held personally liable for their actions, and that is why we concur with the advocates of mandatory police liability insurance. Other provided arguments for the increase in police misconduct and that need to be addressed, include lapses in screening out psychologically unstable police applicants must be undertaken. Further contributing to police misconduct according to some critics is the unintended consequences of recent court pronouncements that seem to have watered down the exclusionary rule.

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Bishopp, Stephen A., John Worrall, and Nicole Leeper Piquero. "General strain and police misconduct: the role of organizational influence." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 39, no. 4 (November 21, 2016): 635–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-10-2015-0122.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the utility of general strain theory in explaining the relationship between organizational stress and police deviance. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from a non-random sample of 1,389 police officers in three large cities in Texas. The survey instrument used for this research was the Police Work Experience Survey. Results from regression analyses are presented. Findings Findings showed that the organization influenced police misconduct, but misconduct was dependent upon the specific type of strain encountered. Research limitations/implications Results show that instances of police deviance depend on the types of strains encountered. Additionally, anger plays a significant role when examining organizational strain. Police administrators should move to reduce organizational strains to reduce instances of police misconduct. Originality/value Currently, there is very little theoretical work in understanding police misconduct. And no studies have drawn linkages between organizational stressors and self-reported officer misconduct. At a time when police behavior is at the forefront of the social policy reform, the examination of potential correlates of police misconduct is the first step toward controlling it.

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Moss, Brian. "Police Misconduct: Mapping its Location, Seriousness and Theoretical Underpinning." Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice 13, no. 4 (October 24, 2017): 455–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pax077.

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Abstract Police misconduct and the location of street crimes and deviance have received much research attention. The location of police misconduct, by contrast, has not. Taking the case of Ireland, where policing underwent significant reform in 2007, police oversight data are mapped to determine the location and nature of complaints and any clustering of police misconduct, particularly in areas of greatest deprivation usually associated with people coming into most frequent contact with police. The implications of the findings for police, police oversight, and existing theories by which geography of deviance is framed are discussed.

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Stinson, Philip Matthew, John Liederbach, Steven L. Brewer, and Brooke E. Mathna. "Police Sexual Misconduct." Criminal Justice Policy Review 26, no. 7 (April 21, 2014): 665–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403414526231.

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Wood, George, Daria Roithmayr, and Andrew V. Papachristos. "The Network Structure of Police Misconduct." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 5 (January 2019): 237802311987979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023119879798.

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Conventional explanations of police misconduct generally adopt a microlevel focus on deviant officers or a macrolevel focus on the top-down organization of police departments. Between these levels are social networks of misconduct. This study recreates these networks using data on 16,503 complaints and 15,811 police officers over a six-year period in Chicago. We examine individual-level factors associated with receiving a complaint, the basic properties of these misconduct networks, and factors related to officer co-naming in complaints. We find that the incidence of police misconduct is associated with attributes including race, age, and tenure and that almost half of police officers are connected in misconduct ties in broader networks of misconduct. We also find that certain dyadic factors, especially seniority and race, strongly predict network ties and the incidence of group misconduct. Our results provide actionable information regarding possible ways to leverage the co-complaint network structure to reduce misconduct.

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Donner, Christopher, Jon Maskaly, and Lorie Fridell. "Social bonds and police misconduct." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 39, no. 2 (May 16, 2016): 416–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-10-2015-0109.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between social control (adult social bonds) and police misconduct. Design/methodology/approach – Multiple regression methods are used to analyze survey data from a sample of 101 first-line police supervisors. A consequence-based measure is used to capture social bonds and workplace deviance is measured as the self-reported likelihood of future misconduct. Findings – Police supervisors reported varying likelihoods of future workplace deviance across four acts of misconduct. Social control was found to be negatively related to three of the four acts, which provides general support for the theory and study hypothesis. Practical implications – The results are discussed in terms of research and policy implications. Originality/value – Acknowledging important gaps in the literature, this study explores the validity of social control theory for explaining police misconduct.

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Lamboo, Terry. "Police misconduct: accountability of internal investigations." International Journal of Public Sector Management 23, no. 7 (October 5, 2010): 613–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513551011078888.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report the findings of an analysis of official data on police misconduct, providing new insights into the nature and extent of police misconduct and in the official response to police misconduct. Next to the use of force and neglect of duty, private time misconduct is a major type of (alleged) misconduct although it is often discarded from theoretical conceptions of police misconduct. The analysis also showed that two‐thirds of internal investigations are the result of an internal report. This paper shows that official data on police misconduct can result in new insights in the nature and extent of police misconduct and is therefore a relevant source for academic analysis.Design/methodology/approachAn analysis of official data on police misconduct is compared with theoretical notions of police misconduct, internal investigations and reliability of official data.FindingsThe implementation of a uniform Registration of Internal Investigations for all Dutch police forces has resulted in a clear increase in the number of registered investigations. This seems to be due to a combination of increased strictness on (alleged) misconduct and an improved quality of the registration. The analysis also showed that two‐thirds of the investigations are the result of an internal report. This places a new perspective on the so‐called code of silence among police officers. However, information on the extent and nature of complaints that are dealt with through the complaints procedure is lacking. The complaints procedure has also no formal relation with the disciplinary or criminal procedures.Research limitations/implicationsOfficial data on police misconduct have to be viewed with a critical eye. The analyses showed however that the Dutch data seem fairly reliable. Additional research should place the official data in further perspective, e.g. through case studies and through a control of the registration with the files of the Bureaux of Internal Investigations. Finally, a comparison with official data in other countries is needed.Practical implicationsThe Dutch police should improve its complaints procedures and the complaints registration.Originality/valueAcademic analysis of police misconduct is often limited to case studies of scandals or focuses on citizen complaints. The paper gives a broader perspective by using official data.

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Huff, Jessica, Michael D. White, and Scott H. Decker. "Organizational correlates of police deviance." Policing: An International Journal 41, no. 4 (August 13, 2018): 465–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-08-2017-0092.

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PurposeMany examinations of police misconduct involve case study methodologies applied to a single agency, or a handful of agencies. Consequently, there is little evidence regarding the types of misconduct across agencies, or the impact of department-level characteristics on the nature and prevalence of officer deviance. The purpose of this paper is to address this research gap using statewide data of over 1,500 charges of police misconduct filed with the Arizona Peace Officer Standards and Training Board (AZPOST) from 2000 to 2011.Design/methodology/approachThis study examines variation in the prevalence and forms of misconduct across 100+ agencies based on agency type and size. Difference scores were calculated for every agency in the state to determine whether an agency’s level of misconduct was proportionate to the number of officers employed by that agency. AZPOST data were supplemented with Law Enforcement Management and Statistics data to identify organizational correlates of misconduct in agencies generating disproportionately low and high levels of misconduct.FindingsResults identify variation in officer misconduct across different types of agencies. Tribal agencies generally experience higher rates of domestic violence and drug/alcohol-related incidents. Smaller agencies have more misconduct allegations involving supervisors. Organizational characteristics including pre-hiring screening, accountability mechanisms and community relationships are associated with lower levels of agency misconduct.Originality/valueThe use of AZPOST data enables a statewide examination of misconduct while accounting for organizational context. This study identifies organizational features that might serve to protect agencies against disproportionate rates of officer misbehavior.

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Hine, Kelly Amy, Louise E. Porter, and Janet Ransley. "An environmental approach to police misconduct: exploring situational prevention possibilities to understanding and preventing police misconduct." Policing: An International Journal 43, no. 6 (November 30, 2020): 893–916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-07-2020-0119.

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PurposeThis paper explores the applicability of environmental theories to understanding patterns of police misconduct. In turn, it aims to offer a method for identifying prevention techniques that can be practically applied by policing agencies.Design/methodology/approachThe study empirically examined 84 substantiated matters of police misconduct in Queensland, Australia. The matters were content-analysed for elements of the first level of the crime triangle. These elements were then analysed to identify their relationships with the situational precipitators that initiated the misconduct; proactive misconduct and situational misconduct.FindingsThe two types of initiating misconduct had differing relationships with the crime triangle elements. Therefore, specific prevention techniques can be tailored by policing agencies to address and prevent each type of misconduct more successfully. The paper discusses these findings in terms of preventative measures according to the second preventative level of the crime triangle and situational crime prevention techniques.Originality/valueThis paper provides an alternative approach to understanding and preventing police misconduct by exploring the applicability of environmental theories. It finds that environmental theories offer a feasible approach for policing agencies to understand and tailor prevention of police misconduct in their jurisdictions.

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Sethuraju, Raj, Jason Sole, Brian E. Oliver, and Paul Prew. "Perceptions of Police Misconduct Among University Students: Do Race and Academic Major Matter?" Race and Justice 9, no. 2 (January 25, 2017): 99–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2153368716689709.

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While much previous research has looked at how race influences perceptions about police misconduct, very little research has explored races outside of Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics. Additionally, although research has explored how academic major affects college students’ attitudes about a variety of criminal justice issue, only recently has research begun to explore the impact that college major has on attitudes toward the police and perceptions about police misconduct. Using data from surveys given to students from three universities, this study explores the extent to which being White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, and Native American as well as majoring in law enforcement, criminal justice, and other disciplines influences perceptions students have about police misconduct. The findings indicate that race plays an important role related to perceptions about both general and neighborhood-level police misconduct and that academic major does have an influential impact on perceptions about police misconduct in general but does not significantly influence perceptions about neighborhood-level police misconduct.

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Drummond, Clayton B., and Mai Naito Mills. "Addressing Official Misconduct." Wrongful Conviction Law Review 1, no. 3 (December 21, 2020): 270–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/wclawr34.

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Currently, the National Registry of Exonerations (NRE) states that official misconduct has been a contributing factor in 1,404 of 2,601 exonerations. The term “official” includes criminal justice professionals such as prosecutors, judicial officials, and law enforcement. Analyzing official misconduct and inadequate legal defense cases in the NRE, the goal of this article is to identify (1) officials who commit misconduct in murder exonerations, (2) types of misconduct conducted, and (3) impact on race of the exoneree. The findings of the study indicated that police and prosecutors committed more acts of misconduct than the number of exonerees included in the study. Additionally, African American exonerees were found to be disproportionately victimized by official misconduct. Policy implications and future research provide insight on how the findings reinforce calls for social justice and police accountability in wake of the killing of George Floyd and the shooting of Jacob Blake.

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Boateng, Francis D., David A. Makin, Gassan Abess, and Guangzhen Wu. "Speaking out: Officers speaking about police misconduct in Ghana." Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 92, no. 2 (April 15, 2018): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x18768384.

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Historically, police administrators have argued that misconduct occurs among a few bad officers, undermining the notion that deviant acts transcend individual characteristics of officers to incorporate the characteristics of the department. The purpose of this study was to explore the state of police integrity within the Ghana Police Service by qualitatively analysing interview responses obtained from a select group of police officers in two police districts. Findings revealed that police misconduct in Ghana exists in different dimensions, and that officers are willing to engage in open discussions about deviant acts by their colleagues. Policy implication of the findings are discussed.

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Cubitt, Timothy, Ken Wooden, Erin Kruger, and Michael Kennedy. "A predictive model for serious police misconduct by variation of the theory of planned behaviour." Journal of Forensic Practice 22, no. 4 (November 16, 2020): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfp-08-2020-0033.

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Purpose Misconduct and deviance amongst police officers are substantial issues in policing around the world. This study aims to propose a prediction model for serious police misconduct by variation of the theory of planned behaviour. Design/methodology/approach Using two data sets, one quantitative and one qualitative, provided by an Australian policing agency, a random forest analysis and a qualitative content analysis was performed. Results were used to inform and extend the framework of the theory of planned behaviour. The traditional and extended theory of planned behaviour models were then tested for predictive utility. Findings Each model demonstrated noteworthy predictive power, however, the extended model performed particularly well. Prior instances of minor misconduct amongst officers appeared important in this rate of prediction, suggesting that remediation of problematic behaviour was a substantial issue amongst misconduct prone officers. Practical implications It is an important implication for policing agencies that prior misconduct was predictive of further misconduct. A robust complaint investigation and remediation process are pivotal to anticipating, remediating and limiting police misconduct, however, early intervention models should not be viewed as the panacea for police misconduct. Originality/value This research constitutes the first behavioural model for police misconduct produced in Australia. This research seeks to contribute to the field of behavioural prediction amongst deviant police officers, and offer an alternative methodology for understanding these behaviours.

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Maher, Timothy M. "Police chiefs’ views on police sexual misconduct." Police Practice and Research 9, no. 3 (July 1, 2008): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15614260701797504.

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Kutnjak Ivković, Sanja, Maki Haberfeld, and Robert Peacock. "Decoding the Code of Silence." Criminal Justice Policy Review 29, no. 2 (December 17, 2016): 172–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403416680853.

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The code of silence—the informal prohibition of reporting misconduct by fellow police officers—has long been viewed as a serious obstacle in control of police misconduct and achievement of police accountability. The purpose of this article is to study the key correlates of police officers’ reluctance to report. Relying upon a theory of police integrity and the accompanying methodology to study the code, a police integrity survey was administered in 2013 and 2014 to measure the contours of police integrity among 604 police officers from 11 police agencies located in the Midwest and the East Coast of the United States. The questionnaire contains descriptions of 11 scenarios describing various forms of police misconduct, each followed by seven questions measuring officer views of scenario seriousness, the appropriate and expected discipline, and willingness to report misconduct. Multivariate analyses reveal that the key factor related to the police officers’ reluctance to report is the perception that the other officers would not report. The code is also negatively related to familiarity with the official rules, evaluation of misconduct as serious, and the expectation of harsher discipline. The methodology can be used either by the police agencies themselves or by the civilian oversights to assess the nature and extent of the code in the police agency.

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Nillama, Vanzniel Rover, Dodelon Sabijon, Jayrie Mendoza, Eliza Paradiang, Baltazar Delposo, Yolanda Sayson, and Anthony Albofera. "Police Victimization: A Threat to Life." International Journal of Law and Politics Studies 6, no. 3 (May 3, 2024): 01–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijlps.2024.6.3.1.

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This is a phenomenological study of the victims' views of police misconduct. In data collection, phenomenological interviewing was employed to capture the phenomenon's essence. This study was conducted in Cebu City, Philippines, where the participants were those victims who had experienced police misconduct. These were ten participants who were selected through purposive convenient sampling. The study utilized an interview Guide to elicit in-depth responses from the participants. Extensive interviews were conducted to establish the three stages necessary for data gathering in the survey. The research aimed to explore several areas: the participants' adverse encounters with police misconduct, how they managed these experiences, and the effects of police misconduct on both the participants and their families. Results revealed two themes regarding the participants' negative experiences of police misconduct: Sadists in Uniform: A Deep Threat and Bill of Rights: Gone with the Wind. In coping with the experiences of police misconduct, there were two themes: Silent Outcry for Justice, Keeping in Silence Outcry for Justice, and Forgetting the Pain and Moving On. Regarding the impact of police misconduct on the lives of the participants and their families, two (2) themes emerged: On the Verge of Distrust and Loss of Confidence and Not Being Protected but Disparaged and Prosecuted. It was recommended that police-community relations should be strengthened. This caters to information dissemination in the community, and it is a tool to establish rapport by winning again the trust and confidence of the community. And observance of the rule of law by the police officers greatly affects every common dweller in the community; if these law enforcers respect human dignity and uphold the law of the land, there will be no more police victimization.

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Archibald, Paul C., and Timothy A. Akers. "Development of the Behavioural-Biomedical Law Enforcement Stress Discordance Model (B2LESD): An epidemiological criminology framework (LEPH2018)." Journal of Community Safety and Well-Being 3, no. 3 (December 19, 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35502/jcswb.84.

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The stressors associated with the law enforcement profession have become a focal point of discussion as the reporting of police misconduct has been increasing. Simultaneously researchers are exploring the relationship between police stress, as manifested through physical behavior, and health outcomes. While the current definitions and theories shed some light on the pathways of police stress leading to police misconduct, the emergence of more critical, interdisciplinary theories is essential and needed so as to better understand its underlying causes scientifically and practically. Relevant studies conducted from year 2008 to present were searched and collected, through a number of databases, to investigate the relationship between stress and police misconduct. The results of the final sample of ten studies were utilized to refine a conceptual model that serves as a guiding framework to more accurately provide a conceptual picture of police stress-exposure and the role of the bio-psycho-social and environmental contributors that impact the police work environment, thereby influencing the stress experienced by police officers that lead to police misconduct. We use the Epidemiological Criminology framework to understand the biobehavioural impact of stressful exposure on health and wellness of law enforcement officers. This framework intends to help the law enforcement, research, policy, and practice community to understand more effectively the bio-psycho-social and environmental health effects within the context of the behavioural and biomedical disparities of police officers, who are likely to experience high levels of stress while on duty—leading to the development of stress-reduction interventions for police officers.

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Headley, Andrea Marie, Stewart J. D’Alessio, and Lisa Stolzenberg. "The Effect of a Complainant’s Race and Ethnicity on Dispositional Outcome in Police Misconduct Cases in Chicago." Race and Justice 10, no. 1 (September 6, 2017): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2153368717726829.

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This study examines whether the race and ethnicity of the individual filing a police misconduct allegation in Chicago predicts whether the allegation was (1) sustained, (2) not sustained, (3) determined to be unfounded (not factual), or (4) whether the accused police officer was exonerated of any wrongdoing. Multinomial logistic regression results show that Black and Hispanic complainants are much less likely to have their allegations of police misconduct sustained. When compared to a sustained outcome, Black complainants are 4.7 times more likely to receive a not sustained outcome, 3.6 times more apt to receive an unfounded outcome, and 4.2 times more likely that their misconduct allegation will culminate in the exoneration of the police officer. Results also show that a Hispanic complainant is 1.6 times less apt to achieve a favorable outcome in his or her case alleging misconduct by a police officer. These findings suggest that more work still needs to be done to reduce racial disparity in the resolution of allegations of police misconduct in Chicago.

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Kutnjak Ivković, Sanja, and Wook Kang. "Police integrity in South Korea." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 35, no. 1 (March 2, 2012): 76–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13639511211215469.

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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the contours of police integrity among Korean police officers a decade after police reform was started.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected in 2009 at the Korean National Police University (KNPU) and the Police Comprehensive Academy (PCA). The questionnaires distributed to police officers contained 14 vignettes describing various forms of police misconduct. The sample consists of 329 police officers, mostly non‐supervisors, attending courses at the KNPU and PCA.FindingsResults indicate that the contours of police integrity vary across different forms of misconduct. Regardless of whether the respondents' views were measured through questions about misconduct seriousness, appropriate discipline, willingness to report, or knowledge about official rules, the findings suggest that Korean police officers perceived corruption as a serious form of police misconduct, while they considered the use of excessive force to be substantially less serious. In addition, a strong code of silence among the police was detected.Research limitations/implicationsThe study examines the contours of police integrity among a convenience sample of police officers from South Korea.Practical implicationsThe Korean police administrators interested in controlling police misconduct could utilize this methodology to explore the contours of the code of silence among the Korean police. The results of the study indicate that substantial focus should be put on changing police officer views about the use of excessive force and narrowing the code of silence in general.Social implicationsThe results show that the contours of police integrity among South Korean police officers clearly reflect the attitudes and views of the society at large toward corruption and use of excessive force. The lenient attitudes that South Korean police officers have expressed regarding the use of excessive force reflect both the historical attitudes and the lack of clarity of official rules. The strong code of silence is related to the insufficient protection for whistleblowers and the adherence to Confucianism among Korean citizens.Originality/valuePrior research predominantly measured police integrity as the opposite of police corruption in Western democracies and East European countries in transition. This research expands this by focusing on different forms of police misconduct. In addition, it explores integrity in an Asian democracy with the police agency undergoing extensive reform.

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HUNTER, RONALD D. "Officer Opinions on Police Misconduct." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 15, no. 2 (May 1999): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986299015002004.

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Rai, Tage S. "Body cameras and police misconduct." Science 365, no. 6450 (July 18, 2019): 246.5–247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.365.6450.246-e.

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Harris, Christopher. "The onset of police misconduct." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 37, no. 2 (May 13, 2014): 285–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-01-2012-0043.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors which contribute to, or mitigate against, both the likelihood and timing of the onset of police misconduct. Design/methodology/approach – Research hypotheses were tested examining the first personnel complaint filed against officers, using both all complaints and only substantiated complaints, from data collected on a large cohort of officers followed over a substantial portion of their careers. Findings – Black officers and those exhibiting poor academy performance were at an increased likelihood of onset when compared to white and Hispanic officers and those who did better in the academy, while having a college degree lowered this likelihood. Officers whose first complaints were filed by citizens, and officers working certain patrol zones had quicker onset times. Those officers whose first complaint was related to service, as well as officers with prior military service, had longer onset times. Research limitations/implications – This study relies on personnel complaints to measure onset, was conducted in a very large police department, and does not include arrest data on officers over time. Practical implications – Onset occurs early in officers’ careers. Some factors are consistent across complaint types, while others depend on whether all complaints or only substantiated complaints are used to measure onset, which suggests that future research should consider carefully which measure they employ. Originality/value – This study employs a longitudinal data set which follows a cohort of officers from the start of their careers, and is thus ideal for exploring the onset of misconduct.

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Wolfe, Scott E., and Alex R. Piquero. "Organizational Justice and Police Misconduct." Criminal Justice and Behavior 38, no. 4 (February 10, 2011): 332–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854810397739.

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Mitchell, Ojmarrh. "Peers and police peer misconduct." Nature Human Behaviour 3, no. 8 (May 27, 2019): 774–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41562-019-0613-7.

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Ojedokun, Usman A., Chinedu E. Dinne, and Godspower I. Ujene. "Trends and Patterns of Police Professional Misconduct in Nigeria: Analyses of Newspaper Reportage (2008-2018)." Journal of Applied And Theoretical Social Sciences 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 197–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.37241/jatss.2023.89.

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Professional misconduct involving police officers has consistently put the Nigeria Police Force in a bad light and negatively impacts the public image of the law enforcement agency. In view of this, this study investigated incidents of police professional misconduct recorded in Nigeria between 2008 and 2018. Differential association theory and situational choice theory were employed as conceptual framework. Data were strategically elicited through content analysis of the online versions of three purposively selected first generation national newspapers in Nigeria. The results revealed that 137 cases of police professional misconduct were captured within the timeline. The highest percentage (32%) of the cases was reported in 2017 with Lagos State alone accounting for 29.9%. Furthermore, the involvement of police personnel in unethical behaviour was generally high in the last four months of every year. Extra-judicial killing (36.5%) was the most commonly reported type of police professional misconduct.

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Waugh, Linda, Andrew Ede, and Avril Alley. "Police Culture, Women Police and Attitudes towards Misconduct." International Journal of Police Science & Management 1, no. 3 (December 1998): 288–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146135579800100307.

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E. Worden, Robert, Christopher Harris, and Sarah J. McLean. "Risk assessment and risk management in policing." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 37, no. 2 (May 13, 2014): 239–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-12-2012-0088.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to critique contemporary tools for assessing and managing the risk of police misconduct and suggest directions for their improvement. Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on extant literature, synthesizing several lines of inquiry to summarize what the authors know about patterns of police misconduct, and what the authors know about assessing and managing police misconduct. Then the paper draws from the literature on offender risk assessment in criminal justice to draw lessons for assessing and managing the risk of police misconduct. Findings – The authors found that there is good reason to believe that the tools used to assess the risk of misconduct make suboptimal predictions about officer performance because they rely on limited information of dubious value, but also that the predictive models on which the tools are based could be improved by better emulating procedures for assessing offenders’ risk of recidivism. Research limitations/implications – Future research should examine cross-sectional and longitudinal patterns of misconduct and associations between risk-related outputs and enforcement activity, develop better measures of criterion variables, and evaluate the predictive accuracy of risk assessment tools. Practical implications – Police managers should make better use of the information available to them, improve the quantity and quality of information if feasible, and cooperate in the necessary research. Originality/value – This paper offers a new synthesis of extant research to demonstrate the limitations of contemporary provisions for assessing the risk of police misconduct, and potential avenues for useful research and improved practice.

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Small, Michael W., and Roger C. Watson. "Police Values and Police Misconduct: The Western Australia Police Service." Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 72, no. 3 (July 1999): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x9907200305.

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Jain, Akshay, Rajiv Sinclair, and Andrew V. Papachristos. "Identifying misconduct-committing officer crews in the Chicago police department." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 4, 2022): e0267217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267217.

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Explanations for police misconduct often center on a narrow notion of “problem officers,” the proverbial “bad apples.” Such an individualistic approach not only ignores the larger systemic problems of policing but also takes for granted the group-based nature of police work. Nearly all of police work is group-based and officers’ formal and informal networks can impact behavior, including misconduct. In extreme cases, groups of officers (what we refer to as, “crews”) have even been observed to coordinate their abusive and even criminal behaviors. This study adopts a social network and machine learning approach to empirically investigate the presence and impact of officer crews engaging in alleged misconduct in a major U.S. city: Chicago, IL. Using data on Chicago police officers between 1971 and 2018, we identify potential crews and analyze their impact on alleged misconduct and violence. Results detected approximately 160 possible crews, comprised of less than 4% of all Chicago police officers. Officers in these crews were involved in an outsized amount of alleged and actual misconduct, accounting for approximately 25% of all use of force complaints, city payouts for civil and criminal litigations, and police-involved shootings. The detected crews also contributed to racial disparities in arrests and civilian complaints, generating nearly 18% of all complaints filed by Black Chicagoans and 14% of complaints filed by Hispanic Chicagoans.

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Bishopp, Stephen A., Nicole Leeper Piquero, Alex R. Piquero, John L. Worrall, and Jessica Rosenthal. "Police Stress and Race: Using General Strain Theory to Examine Racial Differences in Police Misconduct." Crime & Delinquency 66, no. 13-14 (July 1, 2020): 1811–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128720937641.

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A large body of research demonstrates the toll stress takes on police. However, with recent high-profile force incidents that have fueled distrust of police especially within minority communities, there is reason to expect that minority officers experience stress differently than their white counterparts. Within the context of Agnew’s (1992) General Strain Theory, this study examines the relationship between police stress and misconduct. As well, since a police stress/anger relationship has been found, we also analyze racial differences in the extent to which negative affect (anger) mediates the stress/outcome relationship. Using data from a survey of over 1,400 police officers working in three large cities in Texas, we find that stress is significantly related to officers’ acts of misconduct within both races. Moreover, there are noticeable differences in the role anger plays in the stress/misconduct relationship among white and minority officers.

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31

Lewis, Colleen. "The Criminal Justice Commission: A Political Football?" Queensland Review 4, no. 2 (October 1997): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600001495.

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Queensland's Fitzgerald Inquiry was expected to last six weeks. It ran for two years (1987–1989). The inquiry was established to look at suspected police misconduct. It ended up exposing vertical corruption and widespread abuse of power in the Police Force; a less than arms-length relationship between police and the National Party government which contributed to the lack of effective police accountability processes; other official misconduct by non-police public servants; and political dishonesty and corruption.

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Chermak, Steven, Edmund McGarrell, and Jeff Gruenewald. "Media coverage of police misconduct and attitudes toward police." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 29, no. 2 (April 2006): 261–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13639510610667664.

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Ross, Darrell L. "Book Review: Readings on Police Misconduct and Police Ethics." Criminal Justice Review 28, no. 2 (September 2003): 382–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073401680302800210.

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WEITZER, RONALD, and STEVEN A. TUCH. "Race and Perceptions of Police Misconduct." Social Problems 51, no. 3 (August 2004): 305–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sp.2004.51.3.305.

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KANE, ROBERT J. "THE SOCIAL ECOLOGY OF POLICE MISCONDUCT*." Criminology 40, no. 4 (November 2002): 867–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2002.tb00976.x.

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King, William R. "Police officer misconduct as normal accidents." Criminology & Public Policy 8, no. 4 (November 2009): 771–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2009.00592.x.

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Ivković, Sanja Kutnjak. "Evaluating The Seriousness of Police Misconduct." International Criminal Justice Review 14, no. 1 (May 2004): 25–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105756770401400102.

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White, Michael D., and Robert J. Kane. "Pathways to Career-Ending Police Misconduct." Criminal Justice and Behavior 40, no. 11 (June 5, 2013): 1301–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854813486269.

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Ray, Rashawn. "Restructuring Civilian Payouts for Police Misconduct." Sociological Forum 35, no. 3 (July 21, 2020): 806–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/socf.12618.

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40

Quispe-Torreblanca, Edika G., and Neil Stewart. "Causal peer effects in police misconduct." Nature Human Behaviour 3, no. 8 (May 27, 2019): 797–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41562-019-0612-8.

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41

Lobnikar, Branko, Kaja Prislan, Barbara Čuvan, and Gorazd Meško. "The code of silence and female police officers in Slovenia." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 39, no. 2 (May 16, 2016): 387–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-10-2015-0118.

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Purpose – For some time now, research conducted in the field of human behavior and criminology has pertained to the contemporary question as to whether there are any relevant differences between the genders regarding their integrity and opinions held and, if so, which of these lead to different behaviors. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether there are any gender differences in willingness to report police misconduct and if so, what is the nature of these differences. Design/methodology/approach – In spring 2011, the study was conducted on a representative sample of 408 frontline Slovenian police officers (87.3 percent were male and 12.7 percent were female). The assessment of the code of silence was conducted using the method developed by Klockars and Kutnjak Ivković (2004), and consisted of 14 hypothetical scenarios describing a range of various forms of police misconduct, from those that merely give the appearance of a conflict of interest, to incidents of bribery and theft. One of the questions explored in relation to the police code of silence was the police officer’s willingness to report misconduct. Findings – Authors discovered significant differences in 11 of the 14 analyzed cases on the willingness to report police misconduct. Interestingly, female police officers were less willing than their male colleagues to report different forms of police misconduct. Female police officers are less willing to report police corruption in seven cases e.g. shooting runaway suspect, supervisor abusing his/her power, excessive force – punching a suspect, falsification of evidence, supervisor not prevent beating a suspect, police officer take bribes, and doing nothing when juveniles paint graffiti. The results were further analyzed from the group dynamic in Slovenian police point of view. The survey findings could be useful for police chiefs, leaders, and managers who want to achieve the main objective of every modern police organization: to prevent corruption and increase social responsibility. Originality/value – The study analyzes, comprehensively and originally, whether the female police officers differ from their male colleagues in the level of police integrity and willingness to report the cases of police corruption and/or other forms of police misbehavior.

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Gottschalk, P. "Police Misconduct Behaviour: An Empirical Study of Court Cases." Policing 5, no. 2 (February 23, 2011): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/par019.

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Kinnaird, Brian A. "Exploring Liability Profiles: A Proximate Cause Analysis of Police Misconduct: Part II." International Journal of Police Science & Management 9, no. 3 (September 2007): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/ijps.2007.9.3.201.

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Recent history shows that a significant number of citizens, internationally, are now seeking litigation against police agencies when law enforcement officers violate their civil rights. Often the events that precede complaints occur due to poor policy, training and early warning by law enforcement agencies. Hence, this study analysed past policies and training procedures that were in effect for the San Francisco, California Police Department (SFPD) during 1998, to determine if there was any liability of risk following evidence of officer misconduct. Mixed methodology, using a descriptive quantitative approach and based on a historical design, was used to determine whether or not the SFPD had appropriate policies, training, and control measures in place to minimise potential citizen complaints against officers that could have led to misconduct allegations and, ultimately, civil litigation. Results showed that SFPD policies, recruit and in-service training and early warning system measures resulted in a lower number of substantiated complaints of officer misconduct based upon clear policy, appropriate training, and deployed early warning system measures. Consequently, the findings suggested that the SFPD created a lower liability profile in respect to random versus non-random risks required in court to explain a department's position relative to their risk management of officer misconduct.

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Donovan, Kathleen M., and Charles F. Klahm. "How Priming Innocence Influences Public Opinion on Police Misconduct and False Convictions." Criminal Justice Review 43, no. 2 (May 8, 2017): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016817707809.

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Issues of innocence have become more salient to the public in recent years, including the problem of police misconduct. However, citizens also tend to be supportive of the police, perceiving them as ethical, honest, and trustworthy. Using a survey experiment with a nationally representative sample, we explore the degree to which public opinion toward police misconduct is influenced by priming respondents on the issue of innocence. We find that reminding citizens of these issues increases their willingness to admit police misconduct that contributes to this problem by roughly 7 percentage points overall. Moreover, this effect is driven by conservatives and, to a lesser extent, moderates, presumably because liberals do not need priming. In contrast, the efficacy of the prime was not affected (i.e., moderated) by the race of the respondent. We place these results in the context of the current debate regarding police use of force as well as the ideological divide in rhetoric surrounding the recent string of high-profile police shootings.

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Davids, Cindy, and Marilyn McMahon. "Police Misconduct as a Breach of Public trust: the Offence of Misconduct in Public Office." Deakin Law Review 19, no. 1 (August 1, 2014): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2014vol19no1art218.

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Until relatively recently, the common law offence of misconduct in public office has been regarded as anachronistic. The offence was perceived to have been supplanted by specific statutory offences that could more appropriately deal with criminal conduct by public officials. However, there has been a revival of the offence with successful prosecutions occurring in Australia, England and Hong Kong. Many of these contemporary cases have involved police officers. Examination of these cases reveals that the circumstances in which misconduct in public office has been identified have been diverse, including the unauthorised disclosure of confidential information, the use of false search warrants and the sexual exploitation of vulnerable persons. In many instances, police officers were charged with other criminal offences in addition to charges relating to misconduct in public office. The matters prosecuted as misconduct in public office typically involved matters that were serious and/or could not be adequately prosecuted as other criminal offences or as breaches of police regulations governing conduct. Consequently, despite the proliferation of statutory criminal offences in the 20th century it appears that there continues to be a place for the offence of misconduct in public office. It criminalises misconduct by police officers that may not be adequately dealt with by other offences and recognises the public trust dimension of wrongdoing by these officials. However, a continuing and fundamental challenge is to determine the appropriate definition and scope of the offence.

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Alston, Brandon. "Recognizing “camera cues”: policing, cellphones and citizen countersurveillance." Law & Society Review 58, no. 2 (June 2024): 216–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lsr.2024.16.

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AbstractOver the past decade, recording technologies have enabled organized activists and ordinary residents to capture and circulate videos of police misconduct. Existing research focuses primarily, however, on organized activists who rely on formal training programs to record police behaviors. If formal programs train organized activists to capture police abuses on camera, how then do ordinary residents determine when they should record police behavior? Drawing on in-depth interviews with Black men who live in a Southside Chicago neighborhood, this study finds that residents’ recurrent interactions with police enable them to interpret officers’ words and actions as symbols of police misconduct, which, in subsequent exchanges, serve as signals to record events with their cellphones – what I term “camera cues.” Camera cues facilitate situated conceptions of legal authority that trigger residents’ distrust of police, reflecting the micro-dynamic connections between individuals’ legal consciousness and legal cynicism. Equipped with cellphones, residents scrutinize officers’ outward displays and police–citizen interactions to challenge police misconduct. While recording police behavior makes it possible at least occasionally to resist the dominance of legal authority, doing so often involves additional risks, including the destruction of their cellphones, verbal and physical threats, and arrests.

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Lim, Hyeyoung, and John J. Sloan. "Police officer integrity: a partial replication and extension." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 39, no. 2 (May 16, 2016): 284–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-10-2015-0127.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to partially replicate and extend the work of Klockars et al. and others on police integrity by examining how individual, organizational, and ecological factors affect police supervisors’ perceptions of police misconduct and willingness to report fellow officers’ misconduct. Design/methodology/approach – Surveys containing 17 scenarios developed by Klockars et al. (2000, 2004, 2006) were administered to 553 ranking officers attending training at the Bill Blackwood Law Enforcement Management Institute of Texas from June 1, 2009 to March 1, 2010 and employed by municipal police departments, county sheriff’s departments, and constable agencies. Findings – Results suggest that individual and organizational factors affect supervisor willingness to blow the whistle on underling misconduct, although their effects varied by seriousness of the behavior. Originality/value – The current project partially replicates and extends prior studies of factors affecting police integrity by surveying supervisors, measuring their willingness to whistle blow, and including variables in statistical models that prior studies have not included.

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Cihan, Abdullah, Megan Davidson, and Jonathan Sorensen. "Analyzing the Heterogeneous Nature of Inmate Behavior: Trajectories of Prison Misconduct." Prison Journal 97, no. 4 (June 14, 2017): 431–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885517711420.

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Researchers have long been interested in stability and changes in offending patterns between and within individuals during the life-course. Using data from the Oregon Department of Corrections and the Oregon State Police, the current study explores misconduct trajectories and also attempts to determine whether certain preprison inmate characteristics specified in the importation model are associated with various misconduct trajectories. Results indicate that there are subgroups of inmates engaged in different patterns of institutional misconduct during the course of years of imprisonment. In addition, certain inmate characteristics can be used to explain the identified heterogeneity in inmate misconduct. Findings from trajectory analyses can be useful to prison officials and policy makers when planning prison services, assistance, and programming for subgroups of inmates.

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Weitzer, Ronald. "Can the Police be Reformed?" Contexts 4, no. 3 (August 2005): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ctx.2005.4.3.21.

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Gaub, Janne E. "Understanding Police Misconduct Correlates: Does Gender Matter in Predicting Career-Ending Misconduct?" Women & Criminal Justice 30, no. 4 (May 2, 2019): 264–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2019.1605561.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Police misconduct'

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