Relevant bibliographies by topics / Police misconduct

Academic literature on the topic 'Police misconduct'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Police misconduct"

1

Otu, Noel, Ben-Edet Emmanuel, Edidiong Mendie, and Ihekwoba Declan Onwudiwe. "POLICE BODY CAMERAS AND LIABILITY INSURANCE: THE DETERRENT TO POLICE MISCONDUCT." JOURNAL OF CRIME AND CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR 2, no. 2 (2022): 107–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47509/jccb.2022.v02i02.03.

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The Justice in Policing Act of 2020 propose mandatory body cameras for all uniformed federal officers in the United State. Advocates of this policy insist the practice will enhance police accountability and has the potential to also reduce police misconduct. In the same vein, advocates of mandatory liability insurance for police officers argue the policy will likely deter police officers from engaging in misconduct. How effective these policies are in enhancing police accountability and reducing police misconduct remains debatable. This paper examined the arguments for whether or not police body cameras have positively influenced police officers’ behavior based on an extensive literature analysis of the issue and some informal interviews with police officers. We make a case in this paper however, that body cameras alone will not deter police officers from engaging in misconduct. In line with the Rational Choice theories, police officers are more likely to restrain their actions if they know they will be held personally liable for their actions, and that is why we concur with the advocates of mandatory police liability insurance. Other provided arguments for the increase in police misconduct and that need to be addressed, include lapses in screening out psychologically unstable police applicants must be undertaken. Further contributing to police misconduct according to some critics is the unintended consequences of recent court pronouncements that seem to have watered down the exclusionary rule.
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2

Bishopp, Stephen A., John Worrall, and Nicole Leeper Piquero. "General strain and police misconduct: the role of organizational influence." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 39, no. 4 (November 21, 2016): 635–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-10-2015-0122.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the utility of general strain theory in explaining the relationship between organizational stress and police deviance. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from a non-random sample of 1,389 police officers in three large cities in Texas. The survey instrument used for this research was the Police Work Experience Survey. Results from regression analyses are presented. Findings Findings showed that the organization influenced police misconduct, but misconduct was dependent upon the specific type of strain encountered. Research limitations/implications Results show that instances of police deviance depend on the types of strains encountered. Additionally, anger plays a significant role when examining organizational strain. Police administrators should move to reduce organizational strains to reduce instances of police misconduct. Originality/value Currently, there is very little theoretical work in understanding police misconduct. And no studies have drawn linkages between organizational stressors and self-reported officer misconduct. At a time when police behavior is at the forefront of the social policy reform, the examination of potential correlates of police misconduct is the first step toward controlling it.
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Moss, Brian. "Police Misconduct: Mapping its Location, Seriousness and Theoretical Underpinning." Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice 13, no. 4 (October 24, 2017): 455–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pax077.

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Abstract Police misconduct and the location of street crimes and deviance have received much research attention. The location of police misconduct, by contrast, has not. Taking the case of Ireland, where policing underwent significant reform in 2007, police oversight data are mapped to determine the location and nature of complaints and any clustering of police misconduct, particularly in areas of greatest deprivation usually associated with people coming into most frequent contact with police. The implications of the findings for police, police oversight, and existing theories by which geography of deviance is framed are discussed.
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4

Stinson, Philip Matthew, John Liederbach, Steven L. Brewer, and Brooke E. Mathna. "Police Sexual Misconduct." Criminal Justice Policy Review 26, no. 7 (April 21, 2014): 665–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403414526231.

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5

Wood, George, Daria Roithmayr, and Andrew V. Papachristos. "The Network Structure of Police Misconduct." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 5 (January 2019): 237802311987979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023119879798.

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Conventional explanations of police misconduct generally adopt a microlevel focus on deviant officers or a macrolevel focus on the top-down organization of police departments. Between these levels are social networks of misconduct. This study recreates these networks using data on 16,503 complaints and 15,811 police officers over a six-year period in Chicago. We examine individual-level factors associated with receiving a complaint, the basic properties of these misconduct networks, and factors related to officer co-naming in complaints. We find that the incidence of police misconduct is associated with attributes including race, age, and tenure and that almost half of police officers are connected in misconduct ties in broader networks of misconduct. We also find that certain dyadic factors, especially seniority and race, strongly predict network ties and the incidence of group misconduct. Our results provide actionable information regarding possible ways to leverage the co-complaint network structure to reduce misconduct.
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Donner, Christopher, Jon Maskaly, and Lorie Fridell. "Social bonds and police misconduct." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 39, no. 2 (May 16, 2016): 416–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-10-2015-0109.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between social control (adult social bonds) and police misconduct. Design/methodology/approach – Multiple regression methods are used to analyze survey data from a sample of 101 first-line police supervisors. A consequence-based measure is used to capture social bonds and workplace deviance is measured as the self-reported likelihood of future misconduct. Findings – Police supervisors reported varying likelihoods of future workplace deviance across four acts of misconduct. Social control was found to be negatively related to three of the four acts, which provides general support for the theory and study hypothesis. Practical implications – The results are discussed in terms of research and policy implications. Originality/value – Acknowledging important gaps in the literature, this study explores the validity of social control theory for explaining police misconduct.
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7

Lamboo, Terry. "Police misconduct: accountability of internal investigations." International Journal of Public Sector Management 23, no. 7 (October 5, 2010): 613–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513551011078888.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report the findings of an analysis of official data on police misconduct, providing new insights into the nature and extent of police misconduct and in the official response to police misconduct. Next to the use of force and neglect of duty, private time misconduct is a major type of (alleged) misconduct although it is often discarded from theoretical conceptions of police misconduct. The analysis also showed that two‐thirds of internal investigations are the result of an internal report. This paper shows that official data on police misconduct can result in new insights in the nature and extent of police misconduct and is therefore a relevant source for academic analysis.Design/methodology/approachAn analysis of official data on police misconduct is compared with theoretical notions of police misconduct, internal investigations and reliability of official data.FindingsThe implementation of a uniform Registration of Internal Investigations for all Dutch police forces has resulted in a clear increase in the number of registered investigations. This seems to be due to a combination of increased strictness on (alleged) misconduct and an improved quality of the registration. The analysis also showed that two‐thirds of the investigations are the result of an internal report. This places a new perspective on the so‐called code of silence among police officers. However, information on the extent and nature of complaints that are dealt with through the complaints procedure is lacking. The complaints procedure has also no formal relation with the disciplinary or criminal procedures.Research limitations/implicationsOfficial data on police misconduct have to be viewed with a critical eye. The analyses showed however that the Dutch data seem fairly reliable. Additional research should place the official data in further perspective, e.g. through case studies and through a control of the registration with the files of the Bureaux of Internal Investigations. Finally, a comparison with official data in other countries is needed.Practical implicationsThe Dutch police should improve its complaints procedures and the complaints registration.Originality/valueAcademic analysis of police misconduct is often limited to case studies of scandals or focuses on citizen complaints. The paper gives a broader perspective by using official data.
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Huff, Jessica, Michael D. White, and Scott H. Decker. "Organizational correlates of police deviance." Policing: An International Journal 41, no. 4 (August 13, 2018): 465–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-08-2017-0092.

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PurposeMany examinations of police misconduct involve case study methodologies applied to a single agency, or a handful of agencies. Consequently, there is little evidence regarding the types of misconduct across agencies, or the impact of department-level characteristics on the nature and prevalence of officer deviance. The purpose of this paper is to address this research gap using statewide data of over 1,500 charges of police misconduct filed with the Arizona Peace Officer Standards and Training Board (AZPOST) from 2000 to 2011.Design/methodology/approachThis study examines variation in the prevalence and forms of misconduct across 100+ agencies based on agency type and size. Difference scores were calculated for every agency in the state to determine whether an agency’s level of misconduct was proportionate to the number of officers employed by that agency. AZPOST data were supplemented with Law Enforcement Management and Statistics data to identify organizational correlates of misconduct in agencies generating disproportionately low and high levels of misconduct.FindingsResults identify variation in officer misconduct across different types of agencies. Tribal agencies generally experience higher rates of domestic violence and drug/alcohol-related incidents. Smaller agencies have more misconduct allegations involving supervisors. Organizational characteristics including pre-hiring screening, accountability mechanisms and community relationships are associated with lower levels of agency misconduct.Originality/valueThe use of AZPOST data enables a statewide examination of misconduct while accounting for organizational context. This study identifies organizational features that might serve to protect agencies against disproportionate rates of officer misbehavior.
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Hine, Kelly Amy, Louise E. Porter, and Janet Ransley. "An environmental approach to police misconduct: exploring situational prevention possibilities to understanding and preventing police misconduct." Policing: An International Journal 43, no. 6 (November 30, 2020): 893–916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-07-2020-0119.

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PurposeThis paper explores the applicability of environmental theories to understanding patterns of police misconduct. In turn, it aims to offer a method for identifying prevention techniques that can be practically applied by policing agencies.Design/methodology/approachThe study empirically examined 84 substantiated matters of police misconduct in Queensland, Australia. The matters were content-analysed for elements of the first level of the crime triangle. These elements were then analysed to identify their relationships with the situational precipitators that initiated the misconduct; proactive misconduct and situational misconduct.FindingsThe two types of initiating misconduct had differing relationships with the crime triangle elements. Therefore, specific prevention techniques can be tailored by policing agencies to address and prevent each type of misconduct more successfully. The paper discusses these findings in terms of preventative measures according to the second preventative level of the crime triangle and situational crime prevention techniques.Originality/valueThis paper provides an alternative approach to understanding and preventing police misconduct by exploring the applicability of environmental theories. It finds that environmental theories offer a feasible approach for policing agencies to understand and tailor prevention of police misconduct in their jurisdictions.
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Sethuraju, Raj, Jason Sole, Brian E. Oliver, and Paul Prew. "Perceptions of Police Misconduct Among University Students: Do Race and Academic Major Matter?" Race and Justice 9, no. 2 (January 25, 2017): 99–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2153368716689709.

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While much previous research has looked at how race influences perceptions about police misconduct, very little research has explored races outside of Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics. Additionally, although research has explored how academic major affects college students’ attitudes about a variety of criminal justice issue, only recently has research begun to explore the impact that college major has on attitudes toward the police and perceptions about police misconduct. Using data from surveys given to students from three universities, this study explores the extent to which being White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, and Native American as well as majoring in law enforcement, criminal justice, and other disciplines influences perceptions students have about police misconduct. The findings indicate that race plays an important role related to perceptions about both general and neighborhood-level police misconduct and that academic major does have an influential impact on perceptions about police misconduct in general but does not significantly influence perceptions about neighborhood-level police misconduct.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Police misconduct"

1

Ho, Sai-him Benny. "An analysis of the policy on investigating complaints against the Hong Kong police." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20075480.

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2

Piraino, Peter Thomas. "Pre-employment Polygraphs and Ohio Law Enforcement Officers' Perceptions of Police Misconduct." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4246.

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Despite convincing evidence of the polygraph instrument's lack of scientific validity and reliability in assessing deceptiveness in individuals, public-sector organizations in the United States continue to use the polygraph examination as a pre-employment screening tool. In addition to its lack of acceptance in the scientific community, little is known about the effectiveness of polygraph examinations, given as part of pre-employment screening, in predicting future misconduct in law enforcement officers. Two theoretical frameworks, Baumgartner and Jones' punctuated equilibrium model of policy change and Alvesson and Spicer's theory of functional stupidity, provided the theoretical foundation for this study. The purpose of this correlational study was to investigate the relationship between use of the pre-employment polygraph and officers' perceptions of police misconduct, which is a suspected precursor to actual future misconduct. Survey data were acquired through a convenience sample of 190 Ohio police officers. Data were analyzed using logistic regression. Findings revealed no statistically significant relationship between the pre-employment polygraph examination and officers' perceptions of police misconduct. The findings of this study begin to erode conventional thought that there are only positive aspects of the pre-employment polygraph. Law enforcement leaders and public policy makers such as police chiefs, county sheriffs, and local government administrators may benefit from this study. As a potential for positive social change, this study provides public policy makers with empirical data, as opposed to reliance on conventional wisdom and anecdotal evidence, for informed decision making about use of the pre-employment polygraph in public-sector hiring.
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Wintruba, Shannon V. "Community Policing and the Public's Perception of Police Misconduct." Thesis, Capella University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10978963.

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The influence of sociodemographic characteristics, level of contact with the police, perceptions of police effectiveness, willingness to partner with police and community engagement on a citizen's perceptions of police fairness, police professionalism, police legitimacy, and police satisfaction were investigated in this study. A quantitative, nonexperimental, correlational design was used for this research study. The sample (n = 152) consisted of adults within a large metropolitan city located in the Northeast section of the United States and was determined by using a multistage cluster sample. Data was collected over a three-month period using a 42-question Likert-type survey that was distributed via door-to-door canvassing. This took place across two police zones, each encompassing 13-15 socially-diverse neighborhoods of the Northeastern city. The data was analyzed using a multiple linear regression, which indicated a significant positive relationship between the public’s perception of police effectiveness and their perception of fairness, professionalism, legitimacy, and satisfaction. However, for police contact, there was a significant negative relationship between when an individual’s immediate family member had indirect police contact and an individual’s perception of professionalism and satisfaction.

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4

Robinson, Chloe Nichele. "Unsettling Settlements: Examining Police Misconduct Lawsuits in the City of Chicago." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31938.

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There is limited empirical research related to lawsuits involving the police due in part to limited accessibility to relevant data sources. This study aims to examine the relationship between citizen, situational, and lawsuit factors and police misconduct litigation in the city of Chicago. Data were collected from two separate databases: The Chicago Reporter and The Invisible Institute. The analyses in this study demonstrate that there is a relationship between lawsuit payout amounts, lawsuit misconduct type and various situational factors. Policy implications are discussed.
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Ede, Andrew, and andrew ede@premiers qld gov au. "The Prevention of Police Corruption and Misconduct: A Criminological Analysis of Complaints Against Police." Griffith University. School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2000. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030102.114721.

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The reform measures recommended by the Commission of Inquiry into Possible Illegal Activities and Associated Police Misconduct (referred to as the "Fitzgerald Inquiry") radically transformed the face of policing in Queensland. The most significant of these recommendations was the establishment of an external oversight body, the Criminal Justice Commission (CJC), which has independence from executive government and holds the power to investigate not only police but any public servant or politician. Other recommendations included "Whistleblower" legislation, increasing sanctions for serious misconduct, lateral recruitment and promotion by merit rather than seniority. The first main research question tested in this thesis is whether these reform measures have produced improvements in the following areas: the efficiency and effectiveness of the processes for dealing with complaints against police; public confidence in those processes and the public standing of the Queensland Police Service (QPS) generally; standards of police behaviour; the incidence of corrupt conduct; and police attitudes towards reporting misconduct by their fellow officers. These Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms were strategies primarily derived from two schools of thought describing the nature and cause of police corruption: deterrence based theory (including "individual" or "rotten apple" theory) and cultural (also labeled "cultural" or "socialisation") based theory. To date most strategies used to combat police corruption have been underpinned by these theories. A third theory - situational based theory (sometimes titled "environmental" or "opportunity" theory) - which has had success in crime prevention, has been scarcely used in the area of police corruption. However, an extensive body of research has affirmed the effects of situational factors on police behaviour, suggesting the potential for the application of situational crime prevention initiatives in combatting police corruption. The second research question proposed in this thesis is whether situational based theory could also be beneficial in the prevention of police corruption. Data drawn upon to test the first research question were interviews and surveys with police officers, public attitude surveys and statistics from the processing of complaints against police. Although each source has limitations, collectively the data are sufficiently comprehensive - and robust - to defend conclusions about the general direction of the changes which have occurred. These data indicate that the Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms have, at least to some degree, had their intended impact on the QPS. These reforms have contributed to an apparent improvement in public confidence in the complaints system and the QPS generally. Moreover, the available evidence suggests that the Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms have resulted in a weakening of the police code of silence. As far as the specific issue of corruption in the QPS is concerned, it is difficult to draw firm conclusions from existing data sources. However, the weight of the available evidence is that such conduct is less pervasive and occurs at lower levels than was the case in the pre-Fitzgerald Inquiry QPS. It is very difficult to ascertain which reform components were the most effective and which were not helpful at all, as these reform measures were initiated simultaneously. For example, the negative elements of the police culture may have been eliminated or reduced but whether it was the cultural strategies or one of the deterrence based strategies influencing officer behaviour remains unknown. The second main research question the thesis poses is that the use of situational crime prevention techniques has potential for contributing to the prevention of police corruption. A situational analysis of complaints against police data, including the development of a typology for classifying types of police corruption and misconduct, was used as an example of how this may be accomplished in Queensland. The study provides some, albeit limited, support for the hypothesis that situational crime prevention methods are applicable to police corruption. Based upon three years of complaints data, enough homogenous cases were gathered to enable the analysis of four categories of police corruption - Opportunistic Thefts, Driving under the Influence, Assault (while off-duty), and Theft from Employer. Given that this study only used three years of complaints data held by the CJC and more than nine years of data exist, productive situational analyses of many other categories of corruption is probable. This study also illustrated that complaints against police data are being under utilised by the QPS and the CJC. For future research in the situational analysis of complaints data, I recommend improving the gathering of data from complaints files for storage in electronic form to enable situational prevention analysis to be conducted more readily. A geographical example was used to illustrate further how complaints against police data could be more extensively utilised as a prevention tool. This analysis was conducted at an organisation unit level determined primarily by geographical factors. The complaint patterns of units of similar "task environments", as measured by unit size and type of duties performed, were compared in an attempt to identify those units experiencing the presence or absence of "bad apples" or a "negative culture". This study led to the conclusion that a divisional analysis of complaints data can provide information valuable in combatting police corruption. When task environment was held constant, it was possible to identify units experiencing the effects of possible "bad apples" and/or "negative cultures". Once these particular units were identified, intervention strategies to address the units' particular problem could be constructed. Future research in this area would involve ongoing divisional data analysis followed-up by individual assessment of officers identified as "bad apples", or a "compare-and-contrast" procedure to distinguish features requiring correction in units identified as having a "negative culture". The research findings presented in this thesis are that progress has occurred in a number of areas in addressing the problems identified by the Fitzgerald Inquiry, but that there is undoubtedly scope for more to be achieved. Despite the very significant increase in the resources and powers available to investigators post-Fitzgerald, it is still difficult to prove that a police officer engaged in misconduct, or that other officers were aware of this fact and had failed to take action, because of the constraints imposed by evidentiary and legal requirements. Thus, while it is vital to maintain an effective and credible independent complaints investigation system and ensure that there is a proper internal discipline process in place, the scope for increasing the "deterrent power" of the present system is limited. Putting more resources into complaints investigations might make a difference at the margins, but is unlikely to lead to a significant increase in the probability of a complaint being substantiated and a sanction imposed. Investing more resources in investigations has an additional cost in that such resources are then lost to other efforts to combat corruption that may provide more fruitful results in the long term. The value of an occasional substantiation is placed above the ability to engage in a large amount of prevention work. Inevitably then, three clear messages are apparent. First, continued effort must be made to modify the organisational climate of the QPS in terms of commitment to integrity. Recommended strategies to accomplish this end are to continue the recruitment of more educated, female and older officers to reduce police-citizen conflict and the negative elements of the police culture, and also to develop a comprehensive, integrated approach to ethics education for QPS officers at all ranks and positions. Second, other forms of deterrence against misconduct are needed such as the use of covert strategies like integrity testing which could be conducted in conjunction with the CJC. Third, a greater emphasis needs to be placed on developing and implementing preventive strategies. This thesis has shown that valuable prevention strategies can be gained from situational and divisional analysis of complaints data, and a range of proactive management options based upon situational crime prevention theory are recommended. These strategies have application in any police service.
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6

Uber, Stephanie M. "Police Corruption and Misconduct from a Police Officer Perspective:from Identification to Discipline and Prevention." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1364823916.

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7

Ede, Andrew. "The Prevention of Police Corruption and Misconduct: A Criminological Analysis of Complaints Against Police." Thesis, Griffith University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365215.

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The reform measures recommended by the Commission of Inquiry into Possible Illegal Activities and Associated Police Misconduct (referred to as the "Fitzgerald Inquiry") radically transformed the face of policing in Queensland. The most significant of these recommendations was the establishment of an external oversight body, the Criminal Justice Commission (CJC), which has independence from executive government and holds the power to investigate not only police but any public servant or politician. Other recommendations included "Whistleblower" legislation, increasing sanctions for serious misconduct, lateral recruitment and promotion by merit rather than seniority. The first main research question tested in this thesis is whether these reform measures have produced improvements in the following areas: the efficiency and effectiveness of the processes for dealing with complaints against police; public confidence in those processes and the public standing of the Queensland Police Service (QPS) generally; standards of police behaviour; the incidence of corrupt conduct; and police attitudes towards reporting misconduct by their fellow officers. These Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms were strategies primarily derived from two schools of thought describing the nature and cause of police corruption: deterrence based theory (including "individual" or "rotten apple" theory) and cultural (also labeled "cultural" or "socialisation") based theory. To date most strategies used to combat police corruption have been underpinned by these theories. A third theory - situational based theory (sometimes titled "environmental" or "opportunity" theory) - which has had success in crime prevention, has been scarcely used in the area of police corruption. However, an extensive body of research has affirmed the effects of situational factors on police behaviour, suggesting the potential for the application of situational crime prevention initiatives in combatting police corruption. The second research question proposed in this thesis is whether situational based theory could also be beneficial in the prevention of police corruption. Data drawn upon to test the first research question were interviews and surveys with police officers, public attitude surveys and statistics from the processing of complaints against police. Although each source has limitations, collectively the data are sufficiently comprehensive - and robust - to defend conclusions about the general direction of the changes which have occurred. These data indicate that the Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms have, at least to some degree, had their intended impact on the QPS. These reforms have contributed to an apparent improvement in public confidence in the complaints system and the QPS generally. Moreover, the available evidence suggests that the Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms have resulted in a weakening of the police code of silence. As far as the specific issue of corruption in the QPS is concerned, it is difficult to draw firm conclusions from existing data sources. However, the weight of the available evidence is that such conduct is less pervasive and occurs at lower levels than was the case in the pre-Fitzgerald Inquiry QPS. It is very difficult to ascertain which reform components were the most effective and which were not helpful at all, as these reform measures were initiated simultaneously. For example, the negative elements of the police culture may have been eliminated or reduced but whether it was the cultural strategies or one of the deterrence based strategies influencing officer behaviour remains unknown. The second main research question the thesis poses is that the use of situational crime prevention techniques has potential for contributing to the prevention of police corruption. A situational analysis of complaints against police data, including the development of a typology for classifying types of police corruption and misconduct, was used as an example of how this may be accomplished in Queensland. The study provides some, albeit limited, support for the hypothesis that situational crime prevention methods are applicable to police corruption. Based upon three years of complaints data, enough homogenous cases were gathered to enable the analysis of four categories of police corruption - Opportunistic Thefts, Driving under the Influence, Assault (while off-duty), and Theft from Employer. Given that this study only used three years of complaints data held by the CJC and more than nine years of data exist, productive situational analyses of many other categories of corruption is probable. This study also illustrated that complaints against police data are being under utilised by the QPS and the CJC. For future research in the situational analysis of complaints data, I recommend improving the gathering of data from complaints files for storage in electronic form to enable situational prevention analysis to be conducted more readily. A geographical example was used to illustrate further how complaints against police data could be more extensively utilised as a prevention tool. This analysis was conducted at an organisation unit level determined primarily by geographical factors. The complaint patterns of units of similar "task environments", as measured by unit size and type of duties performed, were compared in an attempt to identify those units experiencing the presence or absence of "bad apples" or a "negative culture". This study led to the conclusion that a divisional analysis of complaints data can provide information valuable in combatting police corruption. When task environment was held constant, it was possible to identify units experiencing the effects of possible "bad apples" and/or "negative cultures". Once these particular units were identified, intervention strategies to address the units' particular problem could be constructed. Future research in this area would involve ongoing divisional data analysis followed-up by individual assessment of officers identified as "bad apples", or a "compare-and-contrast" procedure to distinguish features requiring correction in units identified as having a "negative culture". The research findings presented in this thesis are that progress has occurred in a number of areas in addressing the problems identified by the Fitzgerald Inquiry, but that there is undoubtedly scope for more to be achieved. Despite the very significant increase in the resources and powers available to investigators post-Fitzgerald, it is still difficult to prove that a police officer engaged in misconduct, or that other officers were aware of this fact and had failed to take action, because of the constraints imposed by evidentiary and legal requirements. Thus, while it is vital to maintain an effective and credible independent complaints investigation system and ensure that there is a proper internal discipline process in place, the scope for increasing the "deterrent power" of the present system is limited. Putting more resources into complaints investigations might make a difference at the margins, but is unlikely to lead to a significant increase in the probability of a complaint being substantiated and a sanction imposed. Investing more resources in investigations has an additional cost in that such resources are then lost to other efforts to combat corruption that may provide more fruitful results in the long term. The value of an occasional substantiation is placed above the ability to engage in a large amount of prevention work. Inevitably then, three clear messages are apparent. First, continued effort must be made to modify the organisational climate of the QPS in terms of commitment to integrity. Recommended strategies to accomplish this end are to continue the recruitment of more educated, female and older officers to reduce police-citizen conflict and the negative elements of the police culture, and also to develop a comprehensive, integrated approach to ethics education for QPS officers at all ranks and positions. Second, other forms of deterrence against misconduct are needed such as the use of covert strategies like integrity testing which could be conducted in conjunction with the CJC. Third, a greater emphasis needs to be placed on developing and implementing preventive strategies. This thesis has shown that valuable prevention strategies can be gained from situational and divisional analysis of complaints data, and a range of proactive management options based upon situational crime prevention theory are recommended. These strategies have application in any police service.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Criminology and Criminal Justice
Arts, Education and Law
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8

Lofca, Izzet. "A Case Study on Police Misconduct in the United States of America and an Applicable Model for the Turkish National Police." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3234/.

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This study explores the underlying causes and deterrent control mechanisms of police misconduct in the United States. Outcomes of causes and control mechanisms constitute the basis for an applicable model for the Turkish National Police (TNP). Why is some police behavior deviate? What are the main determinants of police misconduct? Is police misconduct a result of sociological behavior and subcultural development within police organizations or a psychological behavior as an outcome of officers' personal traits? What are the control mechanisms for police misconduct? What are their strengths and weaknesses? Do they deter or not? Is there a control mechanism that deters better than others? What is the best deterrence model for the TNP?
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9

Davids, Cindy Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "Police misconduct, regulation, and accountability : conflict of interest complaints against Victoria Police officers 1988???1998." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Law, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20515.

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Conflict of interest allegations became a prominent part of the political and public sector in the 1980s and 1990s in Australia and elsewhere. The arena of policing was not immune, and in Victoria, the Ombudsman drew particular attention to the problem and expressed concern about the rise in public complaints relating to alleged conflicts of interest on the part of police officers. Against this background, permission was granted by Victoria Police for a major study of conflict of interest complaints against police officers within their jurisdiction. Access was granted to all public complaint case files where conflict of interest was the focus of the allegations, from the period 1988???1998. A total of 377 usable complaints files were examined, involving 539 police officers. Through extensive examination and analysis of these complaint case files, a comprehensive map of the particular kinds of interest involved, the nature of the conflicts with official police duties, and the particular contexts within which conflicts of interest emerged, was developed. Analysis of the case files identified 25 different types of problems related to conflict of interest. These were spread across the private and public realms of police officers??? involvements. Previous studies of conflict of interest have focused largely on the opportunities for misconduct arising in the public realm of police work and police duty, largely neglecting attention to the private realm of the relationships and involvements of a police officer that give rise to conflicts of interest. In this study, the specific private interests that gave rise to problems were able to be identified in 35 percent of all cases. Three broad problem areas were identified: (i) outside employment, private business interests, political, social, and sporting interests and involvements; (ii) family-based involvements, especially those involving family law problems; and (iii) problematic personal relationships, including relationships with criminals, informers, and persons of ill repute. These conflicts of interest were related to a range of breaches of official police duty, including the misuse of police authority for personal or family benefit, the use of police position to facilitate personal relationships, and inappropriate disclosure of confidential police information. When the conflict of interest identified related specifically to a police officer???s official or public role as a member of the police force, the main types of misconduct identified included three broad areas: (i) the use and abuse of police powers and authority; (ii) the use and abuse of police resources, including information; and (iii) the receipt of gratuities and breaches of the law. These problems were shown to play out in a range of ways, encompassing such behaviours as misuse of the police identity, inappropriate accessing of police information, involvement in investigations where the police officer concerned has a personal interest in the matter, failing to take appropriate police action against friends, family, or associates, the exercise of improper influence in civil matters, and engagement in harassment and discrimination. This study offers some important conceptual developments in relation to the notion of conflict of interest, focusing on the importance of the distinction between a conflict of interest and an associated breach of duty. The study noted that it is often erroneously assumed by police that if there is no breach of duty evidenced, then there is no problem of conflict of interest. The study also offers an important insight into the oversight and accountability processes involved in Victoria Police, emphasising the importance and effectiveness of the oversight role of the office of the Victorian Ombudsman. Evidence also suggests that the internal review processes within Victoria Police are by-and-large stringent, and that senior police management are genuinely interested in making police officers more accountable for their actions. However, it is concluded that both front-line operational police officer and police management often have a limited understanding of conflict of interest, and problems attendant to conflicts of interest. The study???s insights into the problem of conflict of interest are significant insofar as this problem is related to police misconduct???ranging from minor to serious???of various kinds. Attention to the problem of conflict of interest may be an important element in preventing ???upstream??? police misconduct and corruption.
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Armstead, Demetric Rayshawn. "Attitudes of Black Americans, Towards Police Misconduct in an Urban Area." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6511.

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Little is known about Black Americans' experience with and attitudes toward the police. For Black Americans and the police to improve their relationship, police need to understand the factors that influence Black Americans' perceptions. Asante's concept of Afrocentric theory assisted with exploring the attitudes of Black Americans about police misconduct in a Southeastern United States urban area. The purpose of the qualitative ethnographic study was to understand the attitudes of Black Americans towards the police and the factors that influence those perceptions. This study precisely addresses three main questions: (1) how has media coverage impacted Black Americans' perceptions of officer behavior in the urban area; (2) how has the community environment impacted Black American perceptions of officer behavior in the urban area; and (3) how have officers' informal and formal behaviors impacted Black Americans' perception of police conduct in the urban area. A purposive sampling strategy was used to recruit 30 Black Americans for the semi-structured interviews who discussed their thoughts and opinions about factors that are associated with the Black American community. The data were coded resulting in 12 themes. Results from this study indicated that the majority of Black Americans had overall negative views about the police. The findings suggest that social change can only happen when the police and Black Americans work together to understand each other and address issues that come with a lack of understanding. Promoting good relationships through media, the community environment, and improving police encounters with the Black American community is critical to enhancing community relations.
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Books on the topic "Police misconduct"

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Jost, Kenneth. Police Misconduct. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320 United States: CQ Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/cqresrre20120406.

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Peterson, Lorna. Police misconduct: A bibliography. Monticello, Ill., USA: Vance Bibliographies, 1989.

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Harrison, John. Police misconduct: Legal remedies. 2nd ed. London: Legal Action Group, 1991.

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Maule, Brian A. Police Misconduct in Brooklyn. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66814-7.

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Attard, Barbara, and Kathryn Olson. Police Misconduct Complaint Investigations Manual. Second edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429356452.

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Albrecht, James F. Police Brutality, Misconduct, and Corruption. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64438-7.

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Avery, Michael. Police misconduct: Law and litigation. 3rd ed. [St. Paul, Minn.]: Thomson/West, 2002.

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Avery, Michael. Police misconduct: Law and litigation. 3rd ed. [St. Paul, Minn.]: Thomson/West, 2008.

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Avery, Michael. Police misconduct: Law and litigation. 3rd ed. New York: Clark Boardman Callaghan, 1996.

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New York (N.Y.). Office of the Public Advocate. Disciplining police: Solving the problem of police misconduct. [New York]: Office of the New York City Public Advocate & The Accountability Project, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Police misconduct"

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Maule, Brian A. "What is Police Misconduct." In Police Misconduct in Brooklyn, 9–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66814-7_2.

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Belloni, Frank, and Jacqueline Hodgson. "Remedies for Police Misconduct." In Criminal Injustice, 65–84. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230599765_4.

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Kutnjak Ivković, Sanja. "Control of Police Misconduct." In Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 525–35. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5690-2_367.

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Bartels, Elizabeth C. "Dangers and Misconduct." In Volunteer Police in the United States, 27–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02365-6_4.

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Albrecht, James F. "Understanding Police Deviance." In Police Brutality, Misconduct, and Corruption, 3–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64438-7_2.

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Maule, Brian A. "Introduction." In Police Misconduct in Brooklyn, 3–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66814-7_1.

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Maule, Brian A. "Police Misconduct in Brooklyn, New York." In Police Misconduct in Brooklyn, 13–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66814-7_3.

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Maule, Brian A. "What the Data Shows." In Police Misconduct in Brooklyn, 21–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66814-7_4.

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Maule, Brian A. "Understanding the Findings." In Police Misconduct in Brooklyn, 27–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66814-7_5.

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Maule, Brian A. "Regulatory, Legislative, and Judicial Measures." In Police Misconduct in Brooklyn, 35–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66814-7_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Police misconduct"

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Wamuziri, Sam. "Honour codes and their influence on academic integrity in engineering education." In World Construction Symposium - 2023. Ceylon Institute of Builders - Sri Lanka, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2023.45.

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The subject of academic dishonesty at colleges and universities is an old one. However, it is now increasingly believed to be an area of discussion and concern world-wide. Academic dishonesty takes many forms. These include plagiarism, cheating in examinations, contract cheating, etc. The causes of academic dishonesty include lack of awareness particularly in relation to plagiarism, student perceptions of peer behaviour, failure to integrity students into the academic community and financial, time or academic pressures, etc. Honour codes have for long been developed and implemented at colleges and universities in the USA. Honour codes include traditional or modified honour codes. Honour codes underline the core values of an institution and enable students to play a much bigger role to influence peer behaviour and to police academic misconduct. Honour codes promote holistic growth and development of students rather than focussing on the punitive nature of academic integrity policies per se. The work reported in this paper is based on a literature review and concludes that tackling academic dishonesty effectively at colleges and universities require a multi-pronged approach including implementation of the academic integrity policies, the honour code, creative pedagogical practices and a supportive approach to learning and development of students’ skills.
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Grimes, Diarmuid, Marian Hurley, Violeta Morari, and Jim M. O’Mahony. "Academic Integrity differences across faculties: A student survey." In Tenth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head24.2024.17312.

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In this work, we report on an Academic Integrity-focussed survey conducted in late 2023 at Munster Technological University. We investigated possible correlations between respondents’ discipline areas and their experiences of academic integrity. We found that more students of the university’s Faculty of Engineering and Science report familiarity with relevant institutional policies than do their peers in Business and Humanities Faculty. Reported frequency of in-lecture discussions about academic integrity also differed, with more frequent discussions on aspects of academic integrity by lecturers in the former faculty than in the latter. While the kinds of academic misconduct engaged in and witnessed by students of both faculties also vary, the use of GenAI was the most frequently observed type of misconduct by students in both faculties. We also found a similar majority of students from both faculties would like a reporting mechanism, but would not report academic misconduct by another student.
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Libarkin, Julie C. "ACADEMIC SEXUAL MISCONDUCT BY THE NUMBERS: INCIDENCE, POLICY, AND WAYS FORWARD." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-341078.

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Shakeshaft, Charol. "School Employee Sexual Misconduct: School Culture, Practices, and Policies That Contribute to the Sexual Abuse of Students." In 2020 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1578472.

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Hinchcliff, Mercedez, and Pranit Anand. "Embedding a culture of academic integrity: A two-pronged approach." In ASCILITE 2021: Back to the Future – ASCILITE ‘21. University of New England, Armidale, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14742/ascilite2021.0143.

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While universities have instituted use of various forms of technologies to help identify instances of academic integrity compromises, these tools are unable to detect cases where students get someone else to do their academic work for them. This paper discusses a two-stage approach to addressing academic integrity at a postgraduate business studies course where students were engaged in understanding what academic integrity means within their context and explore various forms of unethical behaviours. They were also made aware about various institutional policies and procedures for academic integrity breaches. This was followed with a post-assessment, ad-hoc feedback from students about their submitted work. Although a thorough evaluation is planned at a later stage, this paper shares some initial results about the effectiveness of this approach to countering academic misconduct behaviours. The paper will be of interest to other teaching academics interested in developing a culture of academic integrity.
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Reports on the topic "Police misconduct"

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Stoddard, Greg, Dylan Fitzpatrick, and Jens Ludwig. Predicting Police Misconduct. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w32432.

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Çubukçu, Suat, Nusret Sahin, Erdal Tekin, and Volkan Topalli. Body-Worn Cameras and Adjudication of Citizen Complaints of Police Misconduct. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w29019.

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