Relevant bibliographies by topics / Police – Irak

Academic literature on the topic 'Police – Irak'

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Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Police – Irak"

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Delbecque, Éric. "Des Black aux Yellow Blocks ? Généalogie et prospective d’une technique de combat." Sécurité et stratégie 32, no. 4 (March 19, 2024): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sestr.032.0034.

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L’univers des black blocks vient de loin : il dispose de sa galerie de faits d’armes, liés aux grandes dates de l’altermondialisme. Au sommet de l’OMC, le 30 novembre 1999, à Seattle, ils apparurent à la face du monde pour la première fois, bien que leur histoire soit plus ancienne. On les retrouve bien sûr à Gênes en juillet 2001, au Sommet des Amériques à Québec la même année, dans les mobilisations contre le G8 à Évian en 2003, durant le sommet du G20 à Toronto en 2010, puis lors de la grève étudiante au Québec en 2012, pendant le mouvement populaire NO TAV de protestation contre le projet de construction de la ligne Lyon Turin dans la vallée de Suse, ou encore dans le mouvement protestataire brésilien de 2013. Ils étaient aussi présents à San Francisco dans le cadre d’une manifestation contre la guerre en Irak en 2003, contre le sommet du G8 en Écosse en 2005 et contre celui de 2007 à Heiligendamm (les affrontements eurent lieu à Rostock : des vitrines de banques furent fracassées, une voiture de police vandalisée et un bureau de Caterpillar incendié ; au total, on compta 400 policiers blessés). On les voit encore agir à l’automne 2008 à l’occasion du sommet de l’Union européenne sur l’immigration à Vichy, puis le 6 décembre en Grèce, après la mort d’un jeune anarchiste de quinze ans (Alexandros Grigoropoulos, tué par la police à Athènes). Intense activité en 2009 : ils perturbent les sommets de l’OTAN à Strasbourg (c’est leur véritable acte de naissance en France) et du G20 à Londres en avril, à Pittsburgh en septembre, puis la conférence de l’OMC à Genève en novembre. En 2010, à Vancouver, ils agissent au sein d’une manifestation contre les Jeux Olympiques dans le contexte d’une campagne intitulée « Pas de Jeux sur les terres volées aux autochtones ! » .
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Garcon, José. "La France et le conflit Iran-Irak." Politique étrangère 52, no. 2 (1987): 357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/polit.1987.3670.

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Chubin, Shahram. "La conduite des opérations militaires dans le conflit Iran-Irak." Politique étrangère 52, no. 2 (1987): 303–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/polit.1987.3666.

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Allai, Prof Dr Sattar Jabbar. "US policy towards Iraq after 2014." International and Political Journal, no. 55 (June 1, 2023): 37–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/ipj.i55.164.

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Since the hatred of the 1960s, the United States has been seeking a strategy that could achieve a balance of power in the Arabian Gulf between the Iraq and Iran. The role played by U.S. diplomacy led by Henry Kissinger in the signing of the Algiers Agreement between Iraq and Iran in 1975 was evidence of the importance the United States attaches to Iraq’s role in the West’s anti-communist strategy in the region.By 1970s, the United States took the role of the guarantor state in the Gulf region instead of Britain and tried to maintain stability of the region by maintaining approximate balance of military power between Iraq and Iran, in addition to other policies designed to achieve its goals. After 1988, Iraq emerged as a regional power with material and moral capabilities that qualifies it to play a regional role that is not compatible with American perceptions. Therefore, the process of limiting its capabilities and role became an important goal in the American strategy, in accordance with an integrated strategy in terms of goals, means and methods of implementation. However, the American policy towards Iraq after the occupation in 2003 differed clearly from that of the previous stage. That is because Iraq has become one of the important issues for the American policy. But this policy faces great internal and external challenges that are reflected in its military and security performance, and Iraq has formed one of the most important points of interaction between the United States and neighboring countries .
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Bobkin, Nikolay. "The Iranian-American competition in Iraq: the political defeat of the United States." Russia and America in the 21st Century, no. 2 (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760015847-8.

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The article gives an assessment of Iran's policy in neighboring Iraq during the years of the American occupation. The author's scientific hypothesis is that after the US invasion of Iraq in 2003, Iran, and not America, became the real beneficiary of the overthrow of Saddam Hussein. The Iranian leadership, interested in changing the Baathist regime in Baghdad, having received such a strategic gift, did everything to use the US military presence to its advantage. The purpose of this study is to analyze the strategy of expanding Iran's influence in Iraq and its impact on US policy. The article shows that the nature of Iran's influence in Iraq included all the elements of state power: diplomatic, informational, military and economic. It is concluded that Tehran managed to take advantage of the democratic reforms in Iraq, which were carried out under the control of Washington. Iran used its Shiite henchmen, which gave it a political advantage over the United States, which did not have such influential allied forces in Iraq. Despite the disparate balance of military forces with America, Iran managed to avoid the risk of war with the United States and move on to achieving its long-term goals in Iraq. In the future, Tehran plans to achieve the rejection of Baghdad from constructive relations with Washington.
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Mironowicz, Eugeniusz. "Rola Iranu, Iraku i Syrii w polityce białoruskiej." Politeja 15, no. 53 (June 30, 2018): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.15.2018.53.07.

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The Role of Iran, Iraq and Syria in the Policy of the BelarusianRelations between Belarus and Iran, Iraq and Syria after 1998 took on the nature of political alliance. The factor connecting Belarus with these countries was their isolation by the West because of the policy of internal or foreign. Sanctions or restrictions imposed on these countries on the initiative or with the participation of the United States created an additional platform for Minsk agreements with Tehran, Baghdad and Damascus. Anti‑Americanism four countries has become a common feature of their foreign policy and defense cooperation. Closeness of political relations was accompanied by a desire to establish a broad economic cooperation between the four countries. At the beginning of 21st century it grew by leaps and bounds each year, the volume of trade between Belarus and Iran, Iraq and Syria. Level exchanges with Iran and Syria, however, quickly reached a level corresponding to the potential capabilities of the parties and far removed from the expectations of leaders. Any dealings with Iraq were interrupted as a result of the occupation of that country by the United States and the coalition.
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Bardan, Falah Mubarak. "The Iranian Impact on Iraqi-Jordanian Relations after 2003." Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences 50, no. 6 (December 30, 2023): 276–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/hum.v50i6.7082.

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Objectives: The study aims to examine the possibilities and challenges associated with repairing ties between Jordan and Iraq. Additionally, it explores how Iraq's foreign policy priorities towards other nations are influenced, in part, by Iran. Methods: The historical evolution of relations between Iraq and Jordan is tracked using the historical technique described in the first section of the article. The second section employs an analytical and descriptive technique to investigate the impact of the Iranian variable on the Iraq-Jordan relationship. Results: Iranian influence on Iraqi political decision-making has significantly shaped Iraq's political, economic, and security orientations concerning other Arab nations. Iran assesses Iraq's international relations through the zero-sum game theory, viewing alliances between Iraq and its Arab neighbours or nations close to the United States as detrimental to its interests. Conclusion: Since 2003, Iran has actively interfered in Iraq, directly impacting its foreign policy. The constraints on Iraqi political decision-makers limit their ability to advance Iraq's national interests. Consequently, the post-2003 relationship between Iraq and Jordan serves as a model illustrating the impact of the Iranian component in Iraq, leading to minimal changes in Iraq's foreign policy concerning the Arab regional environment.
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Al-Zuhairi, Lect Dr Adnan Khairy Muzail. "The Role of Edmund Muskie in American Foreign Policy towards the American Hostage Crisis in Iran (May 8, 1980-January 20, 1981)." Thi Qar Arts Journal 1, no. 40 (December 27, 2022): 161–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32792/tqartj.v1i40.365.

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The research dealt with the role of Edmund Muskie in liberating the American hostages held in Iran, as Edmund Muskie assumed the position after the resignation of his predecessor Cyrus Vance due to the latter's objection to President Jimmy Carter's policy and his failure to liberate the hostages. An intense diplomatic approach and it was an important element and an effective planner in his country's policy towards that crisis, the outcome of which was the success in releasing the American hostages held in Iran, but the issue of the hostages affected the policy of neutrality declared by Washington when the Iran-Iraq war broke out and this war led Muskie to follow a policy Contradictory towards Iraq is more like a formal rapprochement and then siding with Iran in an attempt to approach it in order to release the American hostages being held by it.
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Ali, Muhammad Irfan, Waheed Ahmad Khan, and Malik Adnan. "Analyzing the Geostrategic Dynamics in Iraq: Saudi-Iranian Rivalry and Pakistan’s Response, 2003-2018." Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review VIII, no. I (March 30, 2023): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2023(viii-i).11.

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This research is about explaining Pakistan's proclaimed neutral policy towards the Saudi-Iran rivalry in Iraq. Regarding the Middle East, Pakistan's policy of neutrality has been adopted and claimed by Pakistan after the Iranian Revolution of 1979, which created an environment in the Middle East where Saudi Arabia and Iran emerged as rival forces in the region. While discussing the roots of neutrality, we found that Pakistan's policy of neutrality was the direct response to power politics between Saudi Arabia and Iran to safeguard its political and economic interests in the Middle East. This study uses qualitative methods. More specifically, John Scott's model of Documentary Analysis is used to explore the nature of the rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Iran in Iraq and Pakistan's response to it. A historical analysis of different factors demonstrates the extent to which Pakistan can plan, coordinate and execute a clear foreign policy to demonstrate its claim of neutral position.
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Bibi, Fozia, and Lubna Abid Ali. "Linkage Between US invasion of Iraq, Arab Spring and Emergence of Daesh: Beginning of New Era for Iran." Global International Relations Review V, no. II (June 30, 2022): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/girr.2022(v-ii).08.

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The role of Iran is essential to analyze the politics of the Middle East. Post 9/11 few events such as the USA invasion of Iraq, the Arab spring and the emergence of Daesh has altered the traditional power structure of the region and also enhanced the role of Iran in the politics of the region. This study analyzes the role of domestic and structural factors in the shaping of the foreign policy behavior of Iran. Iraq remained a strong power under Saddam till the US invasion of Iraq in March 2003. Though, the US invasion ended a dictatorship but failed to provide stability, peace and a unified government in Iraq. The empowerment of the Shiia government in Iraq is also a victory of Iran on the ideological front as the US invasion has enabled Iran to achieve its targets without confronting directly with Saddam. . Since 2000 few events such as the US invasion of Iraq, Arab Spring and rise of Daesh transformed the traditional balance of power in favor of Iran. All these events helped Iran to enhance its ideological influence throughout the Middle East
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Police – Irak"

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Rébillard, Eugénie. "Imposer l'ordre : la police dans les villes et les campagnes de l'Iraq abbasside (IIe-IVe s. / VIIIe-Xe s.)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA01H057.

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Cette thèse se propose d’examiner le rôle de la police dans la mise en place d’un ordre étatique politique, social, fiscal et moral dans les villes et les campagnes de l’Iraq abbasside (IIe-IVe/VIIIe-Xe s.). Cette institution majeure du califat a été peu étudiée. La découverte d’un manuscrit inédit, la Risālat siyāsat al-mulūk, permet d’approcher les modalités de son fonctionnement. Pour l’État abbasside, la police s’imposa vite comme un instrument indispensable à la gouvernance du territoire et au contrôle des populations qui l’occupaient. Son étude offre un nouvel éclairage sur le développement institutionnel qui caractérisa les deux premiers siècles abbassides. La police se structurait à partir du territoire qu’elle cherchait à contrôler. À Bagdad en particulier, la spatialisation de ses activités s’articulait à une spécialisation des tâches et son fonctionnement exigeait un personnel nombreux et qualifié. Longtemps réduite à sa seule dimension urbaine, la police abbasside se déployait également dans les zones rurales. L’extension de la couverture policière, motivée par la répression des révoltes qui rythmèrent les deux premiers siècles abbassides, permet de relire le processus d’intégration du territoire iraqien au sein de l’État. L’évolution des chefs de la police et de leurs pratiques se confond également avec celle de l’armée dont elle était issue. Le calife entretenait une relation singulière avec son chef de la police dont les termes changèrent au cours la période étudiée. Les crises politico-militaires affectèrent durablement les pratiques policières qui cristallisaient les oppositions. La police devait également se définir par rapport au droit. Le chef de la police était chargé de sanctionner les contrevenants à la norme juridique, envisagée comme dynamique, et les opposants à l’ordre politique et social que cherchait à imposer l’État
This thesis examines the role of the police in the establishment of a political, social, fiscal and moral state order in the cities and countryside of Abbasid Iraq (2nd-4th / 8th-10th centuries). This major institution of the caliphate has been little studied. The discovery of an unpublished manuscript, the Risālat siyāsat al-mulūk, allows us to approach the modalities of its functioning. For the Abbasid State, the police force soon became an indispensable instrument for the governance of the territory and the control of its populations. Its study sheds new light on the institutional development that characterized the first two Abbasid centuries. The police were structured around the territory it sought to control. In Baghdad in particular, the spatialization of its activities was linked to a specialization of its tasks, and its operation required a large and qualified staff. For a long time, the Abbasid police force was considered as a urban institution, but its action was also effective in rural areas. The extension of police coverage, motivated by the repression of the revolts that punctuated the first two Abbasid centuries, allows us to reconsider the process of integration of the Iraqi territory within the Abbasid state. The evolution of the police chiefs and theirs practices is also linked to that of the army from which it was derived. The caliph had a singular relationship with his police chief, the terms of which changed during the period under study. The political-military crises had a lasting effect on police practices, which crystallized oppositions. The police also had to define themselves in relation to the law. The chief of police was responsible for punishing those who violated the legal norm, seen as dynamic, and those who opposed the political and social order that the State sought to impose
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Cass, Stephen John Robert. "The US takes sides : US policy towards Iraq during the Iran-Iraq war." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386486.

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Mathisen, Ragnhild. ""Røverstater" i amerikansk utenrikspolitikk : president Bushs politikk overfor Irak, Iran og Nord-Korea /." Oslo : Statsvitenskap, Universitetet i Oslo, 2007. http://www.duo.uio.no/publ/statsvitenskap/2007/57990/57990.pdf.

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Gibson, Bryan. "Covert relationship: American foreign policy, intelligence, and the Iran-Iraq War, 1980--1988." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27848.

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Following the Iranian Revolution of 1979, Iraq invaded Iran resulting in a costly war from 1980 to 1988, which threatened American interests in the Persian Gulf. From the outset, the stated official American policy was strict neutrality, but this was not the case. The war had provided the United States with an opportunity to improve relations with Iraq, particularly alter Iran reversed the Iraqi invasion in the summer of 1982. Because the Reagan administration could not let Iraq collapse, the United States tilted heavily towards Iraq in defiance of its stated policy. Interestingly, the tilt towards Iraq did not stop the Reagan administration from secretly dealing with Iran in 1985. Consequently, the disclosure of these dealings resulted in the buildup of American naval forces in the region to protect the shipment of oil, and eventually the use of force to end the conflict in 1988.
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Van, Meter Eric M. "American foreign policy and Iran." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA306611.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1995.
Thesis advisor(s): Peter Lavoy, Robert Looney. "December 1995." Bibliography: p. 105-116. Also available online.
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Collins, Marshall. "Exclusion vs. Inclusion: American and Turkish Foreign Policy in the Middle East." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/39.

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Why do countries engage in democracy promotion around the world? Why is the principle component of U.S. foreign policy abroad assistance with democratization? One answer is the Democratic Peace Theory (DPT) (also known as “Liberal Peace”). Accordingly, DPT states, as its basic tenant, democracies behave differently with one another than they do non-democracies, especially in relation to military altercations. Why are some countries more successful than others in promoting democratic ideals around the world? In order to partly explain this question, I examine American and Turkish foreign policy initiatives in the Middle East from a comparative perspective. The United States of America and the Republic of Turkey both reflect the basic tenant of the Democratic Peace Theory in their foreign policies. Each maintains policies that promote the establishment of democracies and the perpetuation of democratic ideals in the Middle East region. Differences in policies are observable when consideration is placed on the principles of inclusion and exclusion in negotiating, nation building, and the promotion of national interests in foreign affairs. The United States maintains bureaucratic rigidity while Turkey exemplifies an open policy when negotiating with interested parties. An analysis of nuclear proliferation in Iran, the two invasions of Iraq since 1990, and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict reveals an increase and advancement of Turkey’s influence in the spread of democracy in the Middle East and a corresponding decline in that of the U.S. This approach might have strengthened Turkish strategic leverage in the region with comparatively greater (than the United States) ability to promote democratic ideals in the Middle East region through the continued building of partnerships and a dedication to stability of the region, the balancing of internal political ideologies, and the stability of Turkish international relations above all else.
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Gerschoffer, Mark A. "Germany's Iran Policy : beyond "Critical Dialogue" /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA342251.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs) Naval Postgraduate School, March 1998.
Thesis advisor(s): Donald Abenheim. "March 1998." Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-111). Also available online.
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Koszel, Bodgan. "Polens Engagement in der euroatlantischen Zone nach dem Irak-Krieg." Universität Potsdam, 2003. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/962/.

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In this issue, we continue and complete the debate on the future of the transatlantic relationship and of world order after the Iraq war. The debate was initiated by an article by Thomas Risse (Freie Universität Berlin) in WeltTrends 39, which has provoked a remarkable reaction within the German academic community, as documented in WeltTrends 40. This issue features additional comments and the rebuttal by Thomas Risse.
Most authors believe that the transatlantic partnership is in a serious crisis, but claim that it remains without an alternative for both sides of the Atlantic.
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Salehi, Mohsen. "An analysis of monetary policy in Iran." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/28030.

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This thesis provides an analysis of monetary policy, source of inflation and potential adoption of inflation targeting in Iran. In particular, the conduct of current monetary policy and the source of inflation in Iran presented in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 investigates the concept of inflation targeting and its specification as well as the prerequisites that should be met by an economy in order to move to inflation targeting strategy. Since a Taylor-type rule it is not a theory-based rule, a model is derived by optimising the monetary authority’s loss function. In order to express the significant role of the variation of the exchange rate on a monetary policy, Chapter 4 derives a theory based central bank reaction function which explicitly includes the exchange rate gap and is empirically tested. The hypothesis of ignoring the fluctuation of exchange rate is rejected. One of the vital elements in success of inflation targeting framework, is the accuracy of the predicted inflation rate from the central bank. After evaluating the P-star model as a representative instrument for forecasting inflation in chapter 5, different measures of velocity, have been evaluated. After structural break test on data and stationarity tests, a VAR has been constructed and the concluding VECM is estimated. From the results of the exogeniety test, the P-star model can be used as an appropriate tool in forecasting inflation in Iran. This thesis contributes to the literature in three aspects. Firstly, a micro-based model of the monetary policy reaction function is derived which considers the target of the inflation explicitly. Secondly, it recommends a practical formation of monetary policy to include exchange rate fluctuations in the reaction function of the Central Bank of Iran and finally, investigates the effectiveness of the P-star model in predicting inflation in Iran.
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Jamshidifard, Saman. "English language policy and planning in Iran." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/349430/.

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Iran has been in the headlines in the recent years and decades for many socio-political reasons. Many of these involve the confrontation between Islamic revolutionary values and the foreign policies and aspirations of Western governments. Among the Iranian state’s revolutionary values there are no articulated aspirations to isolate the country from the outside world but progress and globalisation are defined within Islamic, revolutionary and nationalistic discourses and therefore the status of English as a foreign language in Iran has been controversial and questionable. Of course the English language is in demand in Iran and it is associated with globalization and progress. However, in the dominant official discourses it is often considered a threat because it incorporates Western values, allows access to these values, and could thus be deemed harmful to local cultures and identities. The two paradoxical perspectives on the English language in Iran are among the main reasons for tension and difference between top-down official policies and the bottom-up grass-roots English language learning practices of contemporary Iranian society. The state prescribes mainstream English language teaching (ELT) provision from the age of twelve, but parents who can afford private sector ELT provision encourage their children to learn English outside the limited mainstream education system. Restricted and limited mainstream ELT could therefore be seen as the English language learned by the masses, but private sector ELT remains for the privileged few. The aim of this thesis is to make a contribution to studies of language policy and planning in general and to an understanding of language policies and practices in Islamic states in particular, with a special emphasis on Iran. In principle, language policy as a sub-discipline of sociolinguistics can be studied in all communities and nation-states, including Iran, but at the same time one of the main aspirations of the thesis is the introduction of this critical field of research to a context to which it has not previously been applied.
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Books on the topic "Police – Irak"

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Library of Congress. Major Issues System, ed. The Iran-Iraq war: Implications for U.S. policy. [Washington, D.C.]: Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, Major Issues System, 1987.

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Library of Congress. Major Issues System, ed. The Iran-Iraq war: Implications for U.S. policy. [Washington, D.C.]: Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, Major Issues System, 1987.

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The Iran-Iraq War, a military analysis. London: International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1987.

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Pelletiere, Stephen C. Lessons learned: The Iran-Iraq War. Carlisle Barracks, Pa: Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 1991.

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Pelletiere, Stephen C. Lessons learned: The Iran-Iraq War. Carlisle Barracks, Pa: Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 1991.

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Pelletiere, Stephen C. Lessons learned: The Iran-Iraq war. Carlisle Barracks, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 1991.

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Pelletiere, Stephen C. Lessons learned: The Iran-Iraq War. Carlisle Barracks, Pa: Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 1991.

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Pelletiere, Stephen C. Lessons learned: The Iran-Iraq War. Carlisle Barracks, Pa: Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 1991.

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Cordesman, Anthony H. The Iran-Iraq war and western security 1984-87: Strategic implications and policy options. London: Jane's, 1987.

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Gibson, Bryan R. Covert relationship: American foreign policy, intelligence, and the Iran-Iraq War, 1980-1988. Santa Barbara, Calif: Praeger, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Police – Irak"

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Mesbahi, Mohiaddin. "Soviet Policy towards the Iran—Iraq War." In Soviet Foreign Policy, 163–81. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11341-5_10.

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Andrade, John. "Iran." In World Police & Paramilitary Forces, 95. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07782-3_78.

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Andrade, John. "Iraq." In World Police & Paramilitary Forces, 96. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07782-3_79.

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Ellison, Graham, and Nathan W. Pino. "Iraq." In Globalization, Police Reform and Development, 115–30. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137284808_7.

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Rezaei, Farhad. "Iran and Iraq: The Lebanonization Project in the Balance." In Iran’s Foreign Policy After the Nuclear Agreement, 113–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76789-5_5.

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Emery, Christian. "US Policy and the Iran—Iraq War 1980–1981." In US Foreign Policy and the Iranian Revolution, 173–90. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137329875_9.

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Stevens, Paul. "Iraqi Oil Policy: 1961-1976." In Iraq, 168–90. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003252719-12.

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Kutty, Sumitha Narayanan. "India's Iran Policy." In Routledge Handbook on South Asian Foreign Policy, 202–15. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429054808-17.

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Farkas, Evelyn. "Iraq." In Fractured States and U.S. Foreign Policy, 17–45. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403982438_3.

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Rosenberger, Leif. "Iraq." In Economic Statecraft and US Foreign Policy, 11–24. Other titles: Economic statecraft and United States foreign policy Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. |: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429026362-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Police – Irak"

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Gukasyan, Gurgen, and Ali Nasser Khayder. "PROSPECTS OF THE OIL INDUSTRY OF OPEC+ COUNTRIES - MAJOR OIL EXPORTERS IN THE CONTEXT OF POST-PANDEMIC AND POLITICAL INSTABILITY." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/1.1/s06.075.

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The purpose of the analysis is to identify prospects and opportunities for the development of the oil industry of Arab countries (including Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates. Kuwait, Qatar. Oman, Iraq) as well as Iran, Venezuela, Russia and some others), in the difficult post�pandemic and political conditions of 2022. In our opinion, there is a strong influence on the oil industry of cyclical and structuralcyclical fluctuations of the world economy, along with the environmental policy of the OECD countries, long-term trends in the consumption of fossil fuels. In this aspect, the historical approach to analysis contributes to a better forecasting of the studied problem, namely, an experience of the OPEC policy in the 20th century. At the same time, in the context of the events of 2022, there is an overlap of political factors of the development of the oil market with its economic trends. This may lead to a change in the entire configuration of the oil market and industry. The bet on the exceptionally decisive role of "green energy" does not fully justify itself due to various difficulties. The oil resource is viewed differently by developing countries and OECD. Under these conditions, it is possible to identify and justify the impact of a number of unexpectedly intensified factors and strategic directions of the development of the oil industry for key OPEC+ member countries. In the article the methods of macro and microeconomic analysis, historical approach, statistical analysis, and partly, political analysis, are used. The results can be used in further investigation of oil-exporting countries oil policy.
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Moghassemi, Golshan, and Peyman Akhgar. "The Advent of Modern Construction Techniques in Iran: Trans-Iranian Railway Stations (1933-1938)." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a3986pe808.

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It was only in the early 20th century that the concept of ‘architect’, as defined in Europe, was introduced in Iran. During the nineteenth century, Iranian architects were traditional master builders (me’mars) who would learn architecture after years of working with a master. This unique change in the conception of architecture in Iran took place during the interwar period. In 1926, when Reza Shah founded the Pahlavi dynasty, his policies toward rapid modernisation transformed the way architectural design and practice was performed in Iran. Among Reza Shah’s earliest programs was the construction of numerous railway stations, extended from north to south, and for that, he invited Western-educated architects and European companies to Iran. The architecture of railway stations became one among the earliest examples of Iranian modern architecture, leading to the introduction of modern materials such as reinforced concrete to Iran. By considering Reza Shah’s nationalist policies and progressive agenda, this article investigates the architecture of railway stations, illuminating how their construction paved the way for the arrival of modern architecture and the development of construction technology in 1930s Iran.
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عزيز داخل, سعد. "Gulf concerns about the development of the situation in Iraq during the events of 1991." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/59.

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" Summary: The situation in Iraq after the events of the first Gulf War witnessed developments that contributed to the emergence of fears among the Arab Gulf states about the situation in Iraq, as the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait and the coming of foreign forces to the Arabian Gulf and Iranian interference in the region raised fears of those events that took place in the region, so I worked The Gulf states should pay attention to ensuring its regional security and changing its policy towards the situation in Iraq, after it supported the fall of the regime. "
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"Teacher Quality Improvement Policy Issue in Kurdistan Region-Iraq." In 10th International Visible Conference on Educational Studies and Applied Linguistics. Tishk International University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23918/vesal2019.a19.

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Seyed Motehayeri, Seyed Mohammad, Vahid Baghi, Ehsan Maani Miandoab, and Ali Moeini. "Duplicated Replay Buffer for Asynchronous Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient." In 2021 26th International Computer Conference, Computer Society of Iran (CSICC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csicc52343.2021.9420550.

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Vaezi, Kaveh, and Farid Ashtiani. "Delay-optimal static relaying policy in a slotted aloha wireless network." In 2018 Iran Workshop on Communication and Information Theory (IWCIT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwcit.2018.8405045.

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Filin, Nikita. "Concept Of "Islamic Awakening" As Foreign Policy Doctrine Of Iran." In SCTCMG 2019 - Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.12.04.127.

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Aliverdilou, H., M. S. Jabal Ameli, and N. Bagheri Moghaddam. "Policy making diagnostics of Iran’s fuel cell technology." In Technology. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/picmet.2008.4599677.

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Asadifard, Roya. "Public policy analysis in Iran: the partial least square test." In 2nd International Symposium on Partial Least Squares Path Modeling - The Conference for PLS Users. University of Twente, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3990/2.321.

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Rezaee, Milad, Mahtab Mirmohseni, and Mohammad Reza Aref. "An online transmission policy for energy harvesting systems with data traffic arrival." In 2016 Iran Workshop on Communication and Information Theory (IWCIT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwcit.2016.7491613.

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Reports on the topic "Police – Irak"

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Stanka, Michael, and Angelina Johnston. Al Balda Police Station, Hilla, Iraq. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada532222.

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Russillo, Victor L. Reassessing US Policy Toward Iran. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada414534.

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Stanka, Michael, and Angelina Johnston. Police Station - Safwan IHP 404. Basrah, Iraq. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada533652.

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Harvey, Thomas H. Between Iraq and a Hard Place: US Policy Toward Iraq. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada436533.

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Zuhur, Sherifa D. Iraq, Women's Empowerment, and Public Policy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada460829.

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Hildreth, III, and Edward E. U.S. Policy Toward Iran - Is a Nuclear Iran on the Horizon? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada494751.

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Henzel, Christoper. Iran: Time for a Limited, Multilateral Policy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada441606.

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Gallagher, Daniel J. Should the U.S. Policy Towards Iran Change. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada432532.

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Amland, George S. Globalization and US Foreign Policy Toward Iran. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada413445.

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King, David M. What Should be United States Policy for Iran? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada423706.

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