Journal articles on the topic 'Police-detected'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Police-detected.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Police-detected.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Rudyk, Mykola, Kateryna Maslienikova, Nadiya Nosevych, Viktoriia Vintsuk, and Vasyl G. Fatkhutdinov. "The Role of the Number of Detected Criminal Offenses in the Police Performance Indicators System." Cuestiones Políticas 40, no. 73 (July 29, 2022): 90–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4073.04.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study was to analyses the system of police performance and determine the role of the indicator that shows the number of detected criminal offenses in this system. A comprehensive study of the chosen topic was realized through empirical and theoretical methods, as well as the comparative analysis. It is determined that the components of the system of police performance indicators include the level of public trust in the police as a fundamental indicator that reflects the real state of crime and security in the country; the level of detection of criminal offenses; crime rate and public safety; citizens-police interaction rate; response time to offenses. It was found that the ratio of detected and solved crimes for the reporting period allows reflecting the police performance in the fight against crime, identifying the main problems of organizational, personnel, material, technical and legal nature of their activities. The evaluation of the effectiveness of policing through the prism of detected criminal offenses provides for further research and justification in order to determine effective legal tools for its regulation.
2
McKinnon, Iain, Julie Thorp, and Don Grubin. "Improving the detection of detainees with suspected intellectual disability in police custody." Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities 9, no. 4 (July 6, 2015): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/amhid-04-2015-0015.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is twofold. First to ascertain the efficacy of current police reception screening to detect detainees with intellectual disability (ID). Second to assess the validity of a short targeted screen for ID among police custody detainees. Design/methodology/approach – The study comprised three stages. First, 248 police custody detainees were assessed for a range of health morbidities, including a pragmatic clinical evaluation of ID. For those with suspected ID, the police custody screens were scrutinised for evidence that this had been detected. Second, a new police health screen, incorporating a short screen for ID, was piloted. Totally, 351 detainees were assessed in the same way as in part 1 with the new screens being scrutinised for evidence that ID had been detected where relevant. Third, the new police screen for ID was validated among a sample of 64 inpatients, some with ID and some without, from forensic inpatient services. Parts 1 and 2 were carried out in the Metropolitan Police Service, London. Part 3 took place in one NHS Trust. Findings – In parts 1 and 2, the rate of detainees with suspected ID was 2-3 per cent. The standard police screen detected 25 per cent of these detainees in part 1. When the new screen was introduced in part 2, the sensitivity for ID increased to 83 per cent. However, there was no requisite improvement in the proportion of detainees with ID receiving an Appropriate Adult. In the inpatient study, the new screen showed a good level of sensitivity (91 per cent) and reasonable specificity (63 per cent). Practical implications – It is possible to improve the detection rate of detainees with suspected ID by introducing a short ID screen into the police custody officers’ reception health screen. Originality/value – The Health Screening of People in Police Custody (HELP-PC) study is a project evaluating screening for health morbidity among police custody detainees. Other data from this study have been reported elsewhere, but this is the first time the data pertaining to ID screening has been reported in detail.
3
Jain, Akshay, Rajiv Sinclair, and Andrew V. Papachristos. "Identifying misconduct-committing officer crews in the Chicago police department." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 4, 2022): e0267217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267217.
Full textAbstract:
Explanations for police misconduct often center on a narrow notion of “problem officers,” the proverbial “bad apples.” Such an individualistic approach not only ignores the larger systemic problems of policing but also takes for granted the group-based nature of police work. Nearly all of police work is group-based and officers’ formal and informal networks can impact behavior, including misconduct. In extreme cases, groups of officers (what we refer to as, “crews”) have even been observed to coordinate their abusive and even criminal behaviors. This study adopts a social network and machine learning approach to empirically investigate the presence and impact of officer crews engaging in alleged misconduct in a major U.S. city: Chicago, IL. Using data on Chicago police officers between 1971 and 2018, we identify potential crews and analyze their impact on alleged misconduct and violence. Results detected approximately 160 possible crews, comprised of less than 4% of all Chicago police officers. Officers in these crews were involved in an outsized amount of alleged and actual misconduct, accounting for approximately 25% of all use of force complaints, city payouts for civil and criminal litigations, and police-involved shootings. The detected crews also contributed to racial disparities in arrests and civilian complaints, generating nearly 18% of all complaints filed by Black Chicagoans and 14% of complaints filed by Hispanic Chicagoans.
4
Worden, Robert E., and Sarah J. McLean. "Measuring, Managing, and Enhancing Procedural Justice in Policing: Promise and Pitfalls." Criminal Justice Policy Review 29, no. 2 (August 4, 2016): 149–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403416662505.
Full textAbstract:
The procedural justice that citizens subjectively experience with the police affects police legitimacy. The procedural justice of policing is typically not measured in police agencies, nor is it an outcome for which managers are held accountable. We examine whether and how the measurement of procedural justice would affect its management. Survey-based measures of subjective procedural justice in police contacts were reported to two departments’ command staffs on a monthly basis in Compstat meetings. The impacts of thusly measuring performance were estimated. We also analyzed an indicator of procedural justice that was based on systematic observation through video and audio recording of police-citizen encounters, and we interviewed patrol officers and supervisors about supervisors’ efforts to manage procedural justice. Neither indicator of police performance revealed consistent changes. However, a modest improvement on one platoon was detected. We discuss the implications for enhancing police legitimacy.
5
Quah, Jon S. T. "Combating police corruption in Indonesia: cleansing the buaya (crocodile)." Asian Education and Development Studies 9, no. 2 (September 4, 2019): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeds-04-2018-0088.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain why police corruption is rampant in Indonesia by analysing its perceived extent, causes and anti-corruption measures. Design/methodology/approach The paper relies on primary and secondary sources and survey data to analyse the perceived extent and causes of police corruption in Indonesia. Findings Police corruption is widespread in Indonesia because of the inadequate budget allocated to the police, police officers are paid low salaries and recruited and promoted on their ability to pay bribes instead of merit, corrupt police officers are not detected or punished and corrupt behaviour is tolerated by many Indonesians. Consequently, policy makers in Indonesia can only minimise police corruption if they have the political will and capacity to introduce appropriate reforms to address its five causes. Originality/value This paper will be useful to those scholars, policy makers and anti-corruption practitioners who are interested in learning about the extent and causes of police corruption in Indonesia and why efforts to curb it are ineffective.
6
Dmitruk, Wiktor. "Study of possible contamination of police officers and service vehicles with gunshot residues." Issues of Forensic Science 302 (2018): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34836/pk.2018.302.2.
Full textAbstract:
The hereby article presents the analysis of data from literature of the subject, as well as of analyses of material recovered onto microscope stubs from hands of 59 police officers and traces collected from 38 police cars backseats onto ELEVAK instrument cartridges. The stubs were checked for presence of GSR particles and the filters of ELEVAK cartridges – for O-GSR and other substances. Traces were recovered at seven district police stations within Warsaw Municipal area. The analyses were performed with two analytical techniques: SEM/EDX and GC/MS. From 1 to 27 characteristic GSR particles were found on hands of 18% officers. Between 1 and 11 of such particles were detected on the surfaces of 24% car backseats. Traces of diphenylamine, a chemical substance used as a stabiliser in smokeless powders were detected in 13 vehicles, cocaine traces were found in 3 vehicles and THC was found in one vehicle.
7
De Moor, Sabine, Christophe Vandeviver, and Tom Vander Beken. "Integrating police-recorded crime data and DNA data to study serial co-offending behaviour." European Journal of Criminology 15, no. 5 (January 2, 2018): 632–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370817749499.
Full textAbstract:
When studying offending behaviour, researchers primarily rely on police-recorded crime data, even though such data contain only detected crimes and known offenders. Using DNA data, which also contain information on unknown offenders, enables researchers to link offenders by identifying their presence at shared crime scenes. In this paper we combine police-recorded crime data with DNA data to study serial co-offending behaviour. We focus on the changes the networks of crimes obtained from police-recorded crime data undergo when integrated with data from unknown offenders in the DNA database. We demonstrate that an integrated dataset reveals more and larger networks of crimes with a larger spatiotemporal spread compared with the police-recorded crime data only.
8
Wu, Guangzhen, and Ming Wen. "Predicting three dimensions of police officer stress: does rural or urban setting matter?" Policing: An International Journal 43, no. 3 (November 6, 2019): 435–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-03-2019-0042.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the disparities in stress between rural and urban police officers in China. Design/methodology/approach Data for this study were collected from a national police university in China in 2017. In total, 608 Chinese police officers were surveyed representing those attending in-service training program in the university. Findings Results showed that rural police officers exhibited a higher level of somatization compared to their urban counterparts, whereas no rural–urban differences were detected for other stress dimensions – anxiety and depression. Additionally, this study suggests that perceived constraints in resources and training partially mediate the observed rural–urban disparities in somatization. Research limitations/implications This study is based on a convenient sample of Chinese police officers, which restricts the generalizability of the results. Practical implications To reduce stress among police officers, China needs to make more investments in resources and training programs in its rural policing. Originality/value A review of literature reveals that studies comparing police stress between rural and urban areas are rare. Additionally, China, as the largest developing nation in the world, remains under-studied with respect to stress among its police officers.
9
Huschbeck, Torsten, Christian Horres, and Peter Markovič. "Ethics as part of police management." SCENTIA International Economic Review 1, no. 2 (May 2, 2022): 242–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.52514/sier.v1i2.24.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines which ethical features can be found in the police's more economically oriented management tactics, as well as the extent to which ethical considerations are factored into police decision-making processes. In this approach, the article builds on the author’s previous work, which focused on a police resource's risk assessment. The goal of this research is to answer the scientific question of whether or not harmful police trends could have been detected sooner. In this context, it's worth noting that the police force and its members are under a lot of moral and ethical criticism from a population that's becoming increasingly critical across borders. The author concludes that every police officer's moral compass can really provide a foundation for police activity, based on a literature study and a secondary quantitative content analysis. It is demonstrated that, in terms of duty ethics, ethical features are heavily reliant on role models. However, such role models are not always available. Supervisors, on the other hand, do not always live up to their responsibility as role models. Professional ethics are being implemented and strengthened in the training of young police recruits, which is positive. It is intended that ethical considerations would become more prevalent in the police force.
10
Chen, Shun-Hsing, Wen-Tsann Lin, and Ching-Chow Yang. "The establishment of a stolen-vehicle tracking management information system." Human Systems Management 25, no. 1 (March 6, 2006): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/hsm-2006-25105.
Full textAbstract:
This study establishes a stolen-vehicle tracking management information system (MIS) combining information technology (IT) equipment in a wireless local area network (WLAN), personal digital assistant (PDA), and charge couple devices (CCD) camera with vehicle license plate recognition (LPR) technology. First, the police setup CCD cameras at fixed locations or in police vehicles to monitor every moving vehicle and fetch plate information to match retrieved plate information compared with stolen-vehicle databases. Second, when a stolen-vehicle is detected, the system communicates real-time warning signals to PDA held by on-duty police to intercept the stolen vehicle. The real-time information delivery and communication provided by this system not only help the police to solve serious criminal cases and protect public life and property, but also increase management effectiveness and lower manpower costs.
11
Karbe, Dorothee, Charlotte Jawurek, and Philipp Sarder. "Legendierte Polizeikontrollen: Judgment from the German Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof) of April 26, 2017, 2 StR 247/16." German Law Journal 21, no. 4 (May 2020): 756–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/glj.2020.38.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe German police stopped and searched a car crossing the border from the Netherlands and thereby detected large quantities of drugs. What sounds like a standard procedure is actually a very controversial case recently heard at the German Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof; BGH), dealing with so called legendierte Polizeikontrollen. These are apparently random police checks that are, in reality, well prepared and specifically targeted at the subject of the police check due to ongoing investigations. This case raised the issue of lawful evidence gathering by the police when pursuing both preventive and repressive objectives, as well as the question of the subsequent exploitation in court of the evidence obtained. Addressing issues of the utmost significance, such as the circumvention of the rights of the accused, this BGH judgment was critically reviewed among legal scholars.
12
Vuorensyrjä, Matti. "Organizational reform in a hierarchical frontline organization." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 37, no. 4 (November 11, 2014): 858–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-05-2014-0058.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to track changes in organizational and occupational stress in the Finnish police force during the police reform years. It also estimates the effects of organizational stressors on labor turnover intention (LTI). Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on six distinct cross-sectional Police Personnel Surveys from 1999 to 2012. The surveys are not sample based, but have targeted the entire police force with good response rates. The study employs hierarchical logit models to predict LTI. Findings – Police agencies can be depicted as hierarchical frontline organizations. Major reforms in such agencies can be expected to give rise to increased organizational conflicts and stress. The empirical findings of the paper fall in line with the theory. Organizational stress and LTI have been increasing in the Finnish police force during the police reform years. However, at the same time, personal and occupational stressors have actually been reducing in the police force. Turnover intention was observed to be a positive function of those particular organizational stressors that have increased the most over the reform years. Research limitations/implications – The data are cross-sectional. No direct causal conclusions can be drawn from the results of this study. A non-material violation of the linearity assumption was detected in two logit models. Originality/value – Relying on Tops and Spelier's 2013 theory of police organizations as frontline organizations, the paper introduces a new theoretical construct – hierarchical frontline organization – and combines its theoretical ideas with comprehensive long-term data from the Finnish police force.
13
Jamal, Agustiawan, Ruslan Renggong, and Abdul Salam Siku. "PELAKSANAAN ASESMEN TERHADAP OKNUM ANGGOTA KEPOLISIAN SEBAGAI PENGGUNA NARKOTIKA UNTUK MENDAPATKAN REHABILITASI POLRESTABES MAKASSAR." Indonesian Journal of Legality of Law 1, no. 2 (November 12, 2019): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35965/ijlf.v1i2.86.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to determine the implementation of assessments to obtain rehabilitation for drug users by members of the police, as well as knowing the factors that become obstacles in the implementation of assessments in handling narcotics users by members of the police. The research method used is descriptive analysis with data from field interviews and literature. The results showed that the person detected using narcotics will be carried out an assessment process to develop a case carried out by the Narcotics Unit unit investigator Polrestabes Makassar to find out where their involvement was as a dealer, precursor or just a user. While the process of enforcing the code of ethics does not directly take firm action against members who are caught in criminal cases of narcotics abuse. The inhibiting factors in the enforcement of narcotics criminal law by the police are the application of sanctions to members of the police who commit violations. As well as a sense of solidarity between fellow members of the National Police, problems with inadequate facilities and infrastructure and limited budget support.
14
Bates, Lyndel Judith, Bridie Scott-Parker, Siobhan Allen, and Barry Watson. "Young driver perceptions of police traffic enforcement and self-reported driving offences." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 39, no. 4 (November 21, 2016): 723–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-10-2015-0121.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Road policing is a key method used to improve driver compliance with road laws. However, the authors have a very limited understanding of the perceptions of young drivers regarding police enforcement of road laws. The paper aims to address this gap. Design/methodology/approach Within this study 238 young drivers from Queensland, Australia, aged 17-24 years (M=18, SD=1.54), with a provisional (intermediate) driver’s licence completed an online survey regarding their perceptions of police enforcement and their driver thrill-seeking tendencies. This study considered whether these factors influenced self-reported transient (e.g. traveling speed) and fixed (e.g. blood alcohol concentration) road violations by the young drivers. Findings The results indicate that being detected by police for a traffic offence, and the frequency with which they display P-plates on their vehicle to indicate their licence status, are associated with both self-reported transient and fixed rule violations. Licence type, police avoidance behaviors and driver thrill seeking affected transient rule violations only, while perceptions of police enforcement affected fixed rule violations only. Practical implications This study suggests that police enforcement of young driver violations of traffic laws may not be as effective as expected and that the authors need to improve the way in which police enforce road laws for young novice drivers. Originality/value This paper identifies that perceptions of police enforcement by young drivers does not influence all types of road offences.
15
Nováková, Iveta. "Role of EU and National Legislation in Shaping Communication in Police Detention Centres." Internal Security 12, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.6689.
Full textAbstract:
The study is devoted to a discussion on selected issues relating to the EU and national legislation which determine the process of the mainstream communication with third-country nationals in the Police Detention Centres. The study is a part of the ongoing research project of the Department of Foreign Languages of the Academy of the Police Force in Bratislava and the Bureau of the Border and Foreign Police of the Presidium of the Police Force, Slovakia titled Intercultural Communication with third-country nationals in the Police Detention Centres. The research attempts to find the answer to the following question: What means of intercultural communication (verbal and non-verbal) do police officers use with third-country nationals for mutual understanding, avoiding conflicts and correct adherence to human rights? Following the findings of the intermediate legislative and applied research, the author points out the main reasons which lead to certain difficulties in performing understandable communication in the Police Detention Centres such as loopholes in the EU legislation, non-conformity of the EU and national legislation in using the state (national) vs foreign language in official service communication with third-country nationals whose stay is unauthorised in the territory of the Slovak Republic, and in the EU and the Schengen Area, and their residence or entry into the Schengen Area is detected as irregular and subsequently clarified, with respective accountability.
16
Moolenaar, Debora E. G. "Motorist's Response to an Increase in Traffic Fines." Journal of Criminology 2014 (March 2, 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/827194.
Full textAbstract:
Minor offences are often punished with a fine. Up to 2007 the number of fines in the Netherlands was increasing but 2008 saw a decline. At the same time fines were raised significantly. The question is whether the raise in fines caused the decline in the number of fines. To answer this question a database containing administrative fines for speeding on the motorway over the period 2007–2010 is analyzed. Two categories are compared: speeding offences detected by average speed measuring systems (ASMS) and speeding offences detected by police officers. For each category the elasticity of fines is estimated. It turns out that the elasticity of fines detected by an ASMS is small but differs significantly from both 0 and −1. If fines are raised by 1%, the offence rate, that is, proportion of fines detected by an ASMS, will decline by 0.14%. For fines handed out by police officers we see no such effect: the estimated elasticity of the number of fines is positive and does not significantly differ from zero. The conclusion is that motorists make moderate adjustments in their behavior when fines are raised but only if the risk of being caught is high.
17
Miterpáková, M., D. Antolová, Z. Hurníková, P. Dubinský, A. Pavlačka, and J. Németh. "Dirofilaria infections in working dogs in Slovakia." Journal of Helminthology 84, no. 2 (September 4, 2009): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x09990496.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractA monitoring programme aimed at the diagnosis of subcutaneous dirofilariasis and heartworm disease in working (police and military) dogs in Slovakia has been performed during the period of September 2007 to February 2008. In co-operation with the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Defence, in total, 710 dogs (591 police dogs and 119 military dogs) were investigated for the presence of microfilariae in blood. All police and military dogs in active service held on the territory of Slovakia were included. Microfilariae were detected in 118 (20.0%) police dogs and 10 (8.4%) military dogs. The most infected individuals originated from southern parts of Slovakia (Trnava region 53.6% and Nitra region 39.6%); the prevalence was low in northern regions (Žilina 3.1% and Prešov 6.6%). In several districts of southern Slovakia, the prevalence of subcutaneous dirofilariasis in working dogs exceeded 40%. In all infected animals, the autochthonous origin of the disease was confirmed; however, due to the frequent movement of working dogs, it was not possible to identify the exact locality of infection. At present, a dog living in Nemšová village in Trenčín district (north-western part of the country) is regarded as the northernmost localized autochthonous case of subcutaneous dirofilariasis in Slovakia. In three dogs, co-infection of Dirofilaria repens and Dirofilaria immitis was detected. High prevalence rates in working dogs and the zoonotic characteristic of the disease represent an undoubtedly important veterinary and medical problem that requires the urgent introduction of prophylactic and control measures.
18
Harisa, Ardiawan Bagus, Jeremyas Cornelis Abigail Wihardjono, and Augusta Steven Benedict. "Implementasi Model Konseptual Pemetaan Potensi Konflik di Ditintelkam Polda Jateng dengan Agile." Jurnal ICT : Information Communication & Technology 20, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.36054/jict-ikmi.v20i2.378.
Full textAbstract:
The performance of the Directorate of Police Intelligence and Security is judged by how capable they are in reducing potential conflicts that may occur or conflicts that have occurred. The better performance of the police in carrying out early detection of potential conflicts will result in the peace and security of the public can be maintained. The potential conflicts detection system can be used to improve the performance of police officers in reducing the potential conflicts that may occur. The performance of the potential conflicts detection activity can be improved by observing the database at the Directorate of Intelligence and Security of the Central Java Regional Police which contains information and reports of potential conflicts that have been detected early as well as conflicts that have occurred. In addition, the various supporting features such as graphic visualization to display the data that is being observed is useful to shorten the decision-making time, therefore the prevention and control of potential conflicts can be resolved more quickly.
19
Mijalić Krešić, Roberta, and Damir Juras. "Strengthening the Integrity of Police Education Students in the Republic of Croatia as an Anti-corruption Measure." Kriminalističke teme 22, no. 1 (November 29, 2022): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.51235/kt.2022.22.1.23.
Full textAbstract:
Inspiration for the work and the problem (s) addressed by the work: The important role of the police in preventing and sanctioning corruption, as well as the existence of police corruption that hinders the fight against corruption in society, were the inspiration for analyzing data on corrupt actions of police officers and conducting research among participants in police education in the Republic of Croatia on the perception of corruption in the police and measures to combat it.
Purpose of the work(scientific and / or social): This research aims to present data on corruption in the police and determine its perception among two categories of police education students (students of basic education for the profession of police officer and police officers in specialist education) and determine what measures they considered the most appropriate to fight corruption.
Methodology / Design: Data on corrupt actions of police officers and the results of a survey of police education participants, using statistical analysis, are presented in text and table
Limitation of research / work: Statistics of corrupt actions of police officers include only that part of those actions that are detected and prosecuted, while respondents' attitudes contain a certain dose of (subjective) impressions gained from personal experience, and respondents may be marked with the intention to present themselves and colleagues in a better light than they really are.
Results / Findings: Data confirm the existence of police corruption problems. The results of the survey indicate that the respondents are familiar with corruption in the police. It is worrying that the respondents do not have a completely negative attitude towards all corrupt practices, ie that they are not ready to report every corrupt act, and it is positive that they think that by raising awareness about the harmfulness of corruption and other measures it is possible to reduce this phenomenon.
General conclusion: Corruption in the police organization makes it difficult to enforce the law and fight corruption. Preventive and repressive measures should be used to minimize police corruption.
Justification of the research / work: This research can be used in the planning and implementation of educational activities among participants in police education programs and for the adoption and implementation of plans and measures for the prevention and sanctioning of corrupt practices in the police.
20
Mercy, James A., Clark W. Heath, and Mark L. Rosenberg. "Brief Research Report: Mortality Associated With the Use of Upper-Body Control Holds by Police." Violence and Victims 5, no. 3 (September 1, 1990): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.5.3.215.
Full textAbstract:
A review of police records for the nine-year period from 1974 to 1982 identified 20 men who died following restraint by an upper-body control hold while in the custody of a large, urban police department. Using evidence from autopsy findings and police reports of events immediately preceding death, we concluded that control-hold use was associated with death in 19 of the 20 cases. This investigation points to three factors potentially associated with control hold-related death that deserve further investigation: Phencyclidine (PCP) use, sickle cell trait, and stress-related arrhythmias in the heart. PCP was detected in blood or other tissues from 6 of 17 decedents tested. Intravascular red blood cell sickling was found at autopsy in 4 of 14 black decedents (29%). Four decedents had some indication of cardiovascular abnormalities.
21
Justyński, Krzysztof. "Police in the System of Public Safety — Polish Experience." Internal Security 9, no. 1 (December 29, 2017): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7437.
Full textAbstract:
As a uniformed and armed force, whose mission it is to serve and protect both people’s safety and public order, the police have been established on the basis of the 6 April 1990 Police Act. The basic police responsibilities cover protection of health, life and property against unlawful attacks, protection of public order and safety — including assurance of peace in public places and on public transport, investigation of crime, prosecution of offenders, and finally counter-terrorist activity. In addition, police are obliged to initiate and organize activities designed to prevent crime, minor offences and criminogenic phenomena. The list of police tasks is steadily getting longer and longer and it seems that this upward trend will continue in the years to come. This makes it necessary to implement legal and organizational solutions with a view to enhancing the effectiveness of policing — on the one hand measured by a systematic search for increasingly rational procedures, and on the other one by a decreasing number of illegal activities undertaken by the criminal underworld due to their awareness of the risk of being detected and the certainty of punishment. A good way of improving police performance is to precisely determine the tasks carried out as part of preventive action as well as decisive action aimed at elimination of identified threats or their consequences.
22
Jain, Swati, and Somesh Kumar Dewangan. "Remotely Sensed Image Based on Robust Segmentation and GIS System." Journal of Ravishankar University (PART-B) 34, no. 1 (May 24, 2021): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.52228/jrub.2021-34-1-9.
Full textAbstract:
The continuous rising abstraction resolution of distant police work sensors sets new interest for applications victimization this information. For mining valuable information from far flung police work data, various classifiers hooked in to the supernatural examination of individual pixels are projected and big advancement has been accomplished. Even so, these methodologies have their restrictions, for the foremost half they manufacture "salt and pepper" boisterous outcomes. to beat such problems, object-arranged image examination strategy hooked in to multi-resolution division methodology was advanced and it's been used for various application functions effectively. During this examination, a productive remotely detected image smart understanding technique hooked in to image division and geographical information framework (GIS) was projected, within the 1st place, division hooked in to mean shift was utilized to amass the underlying parts from distant police work footage. At that time, apply vectorization (Raster to Vector Convertor) strategy to supply polygons from the divided image and highlight attributions, as an example, ghostly, shape, surface then on square measure removed by zonal investigation hooked in to distinctive formation and polygons. At last, creating getting ready take a look at and administered characterization square measure dispensed. just about all means that square measure accomplished in geo-data framework with the exception of image division. supported the investigation, we have a tendency to engineered up a product arrangement of remotely detected image examination. Contrasted and also the understanding methodology of a business programming eCognition, the projected one was gettable and practiced once applied to the Quick bird remotely detected footage.
23
Sekerazh, T. N. "Psychological Analysis of Audio and Video Materials Obtained during Police Operations: Organizational and Methodical Aspects." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 16, no. 2 (July 30, 2021): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2021-2-105-115.
Full textAbstract:
The article addresses typical expert situations arising in the psychological analysis of video materials from police operations. The author demonstrates that to solve the emerging issues, an expert needs specialized knowledge, especially in forensic psychology and linguistics. Furthermore, the efficiency of solving expert tasks in examining video materials of police operations for various categories of detected offenses depends on some organizational and methodological factors. The author also reviews typical expert errors associated with an incorrect recognition of the object of research, the outline of expert tasks, the choice of methods, and the limitations in the use of case materials by experts.
24
Salcedo-Gonzalez, Mayra, Julio Suarez-Paez, Manuel Esteve, Jon Ander Gómez, and Carlos Enrique Palau. "A Novel Method of Spatiotemporal Dynamic Geo-Visualization of Criminal Data, Applied to Command and Control Centers for Public Safety." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 3 (March 10, 2020): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9030160.
Full textAbstract:
This article shows a novel geo-visualization method of dynamic spatiotemporal data that allows mobility and concentration of criminal activity to be study. The method was developed using, only and significantly, real data of Santiago de Cali (Colombia), collected by the Colombian National Police (PONAL). This method constitutes a tool that allows criminal influx to be analyzed by concentration, zone, time slot and date. In addition to the field experience of police commanders, it allows patterns of criminal activity to be detected, thereby enabling a better distribution and management of police resources allocated to crime deterrence, prevention and control. Additionally, it may be applied to the concepts of safe city and smart city of the PONAL within the architecture of Command and Control System (C2S) of Command and Control Centers for Public Safety. Furthermore, it contributes to a better situational awareness and improves the future projection, agility, efficiency and decision-making processes of police officers, which are all essential for fulfillment of police missions against crime. Finally, this was developed using an open source software, it can be adapted to any other city, be used with real-time data and be implemented, if necessary, with the geographic software of any other C2S.
25
Tragaki, Alexandra, and Konstantinos Lenos. "Suicide Rates in Greece: Comparing Mortality Data with Police Reporting Statistics and Investigating Recent Trends." Finnish Yearbook of Population Research 51 (April 27, 2017): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.23979/fypr.58961.
Full textAbstract:
This paper analyzes recent suicide trends in Greece. It relies on two separate databases, vital statistics and police records, the latter never having been explored before. Those datasets present a different picture about the suicide rates and trends, confirming the crucial importance of data reliability and consistency in time trend analysis. Frequencies and ratios were calculated and compared using paired sample t-tests. Overtime trend changes were detected applying segment regression analysis on both data collections. Our findings suggest that there are important differences between vital and police statistics on suicides. At national level, over the period 1990–2013, vital statistics reported an average of 7 percent more suicides, annually. Differences were more pronounced among women and younger ages. Both datasets confirm a change in total suicide trends during recent recession, but police data analysis supports that increases are less impressive than vital statistics claim.
26
Bates, Timothy. "DRIVING WHILE BLACK IN SUBURBAN DETROIT." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 7, no. 1 (2010): 133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x10000214.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractOne objective of this study is to investigate whether Black drivers are more likely than White motorists to receive traffic tickets and to be arrested following routine traffic stops in the Detroit suburb of Eastpointe, Michigan. Compared to White drivers, Blacks were more likely to be arrested and ticketed when police officer discretion was most pronounced. My broader objective is to explore police enforcement of racialized space in suburban Detroit. Outcomes of routine traffic stops were analyzed to determine whether enforcement of racialized space could be detected by comparing how drivers were treated on Eastpointe streets that were more, opposed to less, White. Black motorists driving on internal streets were more likely to attract police attention than those driving along Eastpointe's border street with Detroit, Eight Mile Road, which is interpreted as evidence that Black drivers are more likely to be ticketed, searched, and arrested when they were “out of place”.
27
Abdallah, Mustapha, and Kwesi Aning. "Domestic Peacekeeping Practices in the Tamale Metropolis." Contemporary Journal of African Studies 9, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/contjas.v9i1.6.
Full textAbstract:
This article contributes to understanding local security practices in urban Africa by examining links between international peacekeeping and local policing in Tamale, the capital of Ghana’s Northern Region. It uses the concept of assemblage to suggest that while experiences, skills and lessons gained from consistent engagement in United Nations peacekeeping may be detected in local policing in Tamale, their effects on everyday policing are in practice limited. This is due to the central role of traditional authorities in local security and general political interference in police matters. Local policing in Tamale is an assemblage of formal (police and military) and informal (chiefs and community leaders) security arrangements, with the latter, especially, dictating how crimes should be dealt with. This makes it next to impossible for the police to do their job without interference. The article examines how non-state or traditional actors shape policing and security provision in Tamale, and what space is available for police officers to use the skills they believe they have learned in peacekeeping missions. The paper shows through empirical analysis how local policing is shaped more by kinship and politics than international principles of human rights and democracy.
28
Block, Ludo. "Bilateral Police Liaison Officers: Practices and European Policy." Journal of Contemporary European Research 6, no. 2 (June 29, 2010): 194–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.30950/jcer.v6i2.266.
Full textAbstract:
Police from the European Union (EU) Member States make significant use of bilateral liaison officers to cooperate with police in other countries. In the past decades, a number of TREVI and EU Council policy instruments have aimed to enhance the common use of liaison officers by the Member States. This research article discusses these policy instruments from the perspective of the practicalities of the work of liaison officers, examines the underlying rationalities of the instruments and assesses their effects. The findings show that national interests of Member States remain paramount in posting liaison officers. Practices of liaison officers are largely governed by national regulations and organisational particulars, but also depend on the high level of discretion that liaison officers can exercise. In contrast, the policy instruments are largely driven by a political rationality and little intended effect of these instruments can be detected.
29
Mićović, Dragoslava, and Lidija Beko. "Polysemy-related problems in ESP students: A case study." Zbornik radova Filozofskog fakulteta u Pristini 52, no. 3 (2022): 123–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrffp52-32382.
Full textAbstract:
Detected as a problem in foreign language learning, polysemy has been a subject of many various studies and from many various aspects. The problem of polysemy is particularly important in English for Specific Purposes, or in our case English for Police Purposes, since it very often gets unnoticed by learners. Having learnt one meaning in a General English course, learners are usually unaware that the same word can have a new meaning in technical texts. The aim of the case study is to examine to what extent the students can recognize the senses of polysemous words in different contexts and if the level the particular meaning is associated with (according to the CEFR) influences the percentage of correct/incorrect answers. We used a questionnaire and a self-designed vocabulary test to collect the data both about the participants and their practical knowledge of polysemy. The study was conducted with a group of I-year students of Forensic Engineering at the University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies. The results obtained should help improve the course of English for Police Purposes.
30
Rolim, Marcia Farias, Francisco Carlos Rodrigues de Oliveira, Flavio Augusto Soares Graça, and Fernanda da Costa Brasil. "SEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF EXPOSURE TO Anaplasma phagocytophilum IN HORSES FROM THE RIO DE JANEIRO STATE MOUNTED POLICE BRED IN THE URBAN ZONE." Ciência Animal Brasileira 16, no. 3 (September 2015): 377–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1089-6891v16i319865.
Full textAbstract:
<title>Abstract</title><p><italic>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</italic> is an emergent hemoparasite in regions where ticks are regularly found. In order to investigate the rate of anti-<italic>A. phagocytophilum</italic> antibody in horses of the Mounted Police of Rio de Janeiro state and therefore the presence of this agent, 41 horses from the Cavalry Squadron (CS) and 50 from the Regiment of Mounted Police (RMP) were selected. For the serologic diagnosis the Indirect Fluorescent Antibody test was performed. In the present work, among 91 equine sera samples anti-<italic>A. phagocytophilum</italic> antibodies, with titer ≥ 1:80, were detected in 11 animals (12%), being five (5%) from males and six (7%) females, with no statistical difference. The adult animals with ages varying between five and 14 years presented the highest rate of positive reaction, although antibodies were detected in animals of all ages. We did not observe statistic differences in relation to the presence of anti-<italic>A. phagocytophilum</italic> antibodies among the animals bred in the CS and RMP. The presence of anti-<italic>A.phagocytophilim</italic> antibodies in horses of the Mounted Police with no clinical signs is indicative that the parasite is present in the enzootic form among the horses of the urban area. The circulation of the parasite among the animals is not dependent of the presence of tick infestations.</p>
31
De Oliveira, Juliana Kravetz, Mariza Bortolini, Melissa Schaller, Rafaela Kava Schuchmann, Bret A. Moore, and Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira. "The ophthalmic health and refractive state of working dogs in South Brazil." Open Veterinary Journal 10, no. 1 (April 21, 2020): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ovj.v10i1.5.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Working dogs, such as police dogs and guide dogs, have important roles in the contemporary society by performing specific and demanding jobs. Ocular health and the maintenance of good visual acuity are imperative to strong work performance and thus human safety.
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess ophthalmic abnormalities and refractive errors in police and guide dogs in Brazil.
Methods: A total of 71 dogs (141 eyes) were evaluated. Ten were guide dogs and 61 were police dogs. The work performance was assessed by a questionnaire to each dog’s handler/owner. All the dogs underwent a complete ocular examination, and abnormalities were classified by condition, if they were active or inactive and if they were located within the visual axis. In addition, 62 dogs were evaluated by streak retinoscopy for refractive errors.
Results: Ophthalmic abnormalities were detected in 38 (54%) dogs, of which 23 were considered inherited, 25 were considered active, and 10 were located within the visual axis. Incipient cataracts were the most prevalent abnormality. No guide dog had an abnormality within the visual axis. The most common refractive error was myopia with the median and interquartile range of −0.75 ± 0.75 diopters; among these, police dogs had −1.0 ± 0.5 diopters, whereas guide dogs +0.38 ± 0.75 diopters. Police dogs tended to be slightly myopic and guide dogs were emmetropic.
Conclusion: Despite finding a considerable number of ophthalmic abnormalities and refractive error, work performance was good with no signs of visual impairment in any dog. Regular ophthalmic examinations are advised for working dogs, and an exclusion of severely affected dogs from breeding programs is recommended.
Keywords: Cataract, Emmetropia, Guide dogs, Myopia, Police dogs.
32
Henstock, Darren, and Barak Ariel. "Testing the effects of police body-worn cameras on use of force during arrests: A randomised controlled trial in a large British police force." European Journal of Criminology 14, no. 6 (January 16, 2017): 720–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370816686120.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to assess the effect of body-worn cameras (BWCs) on police use of force, in a British police force context. We tested the effect of BWCs with a large British force in a six-month randomised controlled trial. Police shifts ( n = 430) were randomly assigned on a weekly basis into treatment and control conditions. Odds ratios of use-of-force rates per arrests were used to estimate the causal impact of BWCs. Analyses of these odds for overall use of force and again within pre-specified force categories were conducted. Overall, we found a 50 percent reduction in the odds of force used when BWCs are present compared with control conditions. Our estimates suggest a 35 percent reduction of overall weighted force in the treatment conditions compared with control conditions. However, the effect concentrates in open-hand tactics (physical restraints and non-compliant handcuffing), with no discernible effect on categories of more aggressive force responses (for example, dogs, Tasers, batons, pepper spray); 40 percent ‘more force’ was detected in treatment conditions for handcuffing non-combatant suspects. We conclude that BWCs deter officers, offenders or both into complaint behaviour. Importantly, showing a conditional effect on force types can be further contextualised as enhanced transparency and accountability by the police, with greater reporting of use of force that would otherwise be concealed. Our findings illustrate the importance of analysing police use of force with and without compliant handcuffing of arrestees, which may or may not form part of the force continuum.
33
Lum, Cynthia, and Heather Vovak. "Variability in the Use of Misdemeanor Arrests by Police Agencies From 1990 to 2013: An Application of Group-Based Trajectory Modeling." Criminal Justice Policy Review 29, no. 6-7 (September 27, 2017): 536–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403417731598.
Full textAbstract:
Arrest for minor offenses has become one tool that some police departments employ to fight crime and disorder in their jurisdictions. Dubbed by some as “broken windows” or “zero tolerance” policing, a few police agencies in the 1990s and 2000s notably and significantly increased their use of arrest for such misdemeanors, such as New York City and Baltimore. But was this the case for other law enforcement agencies in the United States? Our analysis is the first to examine long-term trends in the use of misdemeanor arrests in a sample of U.S. law enforcement agencies using group-based trajectory modeling. Results show that police agencies have distinct longitudinal patterns of use of arrests for minor crimes from 1990 to 2013; some agencies significantly increased their use of arrests for minor crimes while others did not. Further analysis of possible explanations for agency membership in any given longitudinal trajectory found that agencies with similar patterns in their use of misdemeanor arrests were not similar on demographic or crime characteristics. This finding suggests that the decision to increase the use of arrest for minor offenses may have been a policy choice by agencies influenced by factors not detected here.
34
Jeter, Pamela, Susan Cronin, and Sat Bir Khalsa. "Evaluation of the Benefits of a Kripalu Yoga Program for Police Academy Trainees: A Pilot Study." International Journal of Yoga Therapy 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17761/ijyt.23.1.3x94511x3u47n0q5.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Law enforcement ranks as one of the most stressful occupations in the world. Yoga is a mind-body practice composed of postures, breathing, and meditation techniques, and is known for its beneficial effects on stress and mood disturbance. Objectives: This pilot study evaluated the effects of Kripalu yoga on perceived stress, mood, and mindfulness during police academy training. Method: Forty-two recruits participated in a 6-class yoga intervention. Participants completed the Profile of Mood States-Short Form, Perceived Stress Scale, and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire prior to and immediately following completion of the yoga program, as well as an exit survey. Results: Paired samples t-tests revealed significant postintervention changes in perceived stress and mood, reductions in tension and fatigue, and a trend toward reduced anger. Changes in mindfulness were not detected. The exit survey indicated perceived benefits of yoga for some participants. Conclusions: This preliminary study suggests that yoga may be beneficial for reducing stress, tension, and fatigue among police academy trainees. Future longitudinal randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate its full potential as a permanent component of police academy training.
35
TOSUN, Mustafa, and Hasan ÖLMEZ. "The Prevalence of Azygos Lobe Incidentally Detected on Lung X-ray in Male Police Vocational School Students: A Cross-sectional Study." Medical Journal of Western Black Sea 6, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29058/mjwbs.1106162.
Full textAbstract:
Aim: Azygos lobe (AL) is a rare congenital anomaly that is usually located at the apex of the right lung. It
is mostly asymptomatic and does not require special treatment. However, it should be kept in mind in the
differential diagnosis of lung lesions and its presence should be determined before thoracic operations.
In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of AL in a sample of male police vocational high
school students.
Material and Methods: 1623 male police vocational high school students who applied to Erzincan
Binali Yildirim University Faculty of Medicine Chest Diseases Polyclinic between October 1, 2020 and
October 31, 2021 were included in our study. The presence of AL was investigated in the posteroanterior
chest X-ray of the students and the prevalence was calculated. In addition, the regional distribution
of the students according to their place of birth, and other chest deformities detected in the physical
examinations were determined and their relationship with the frequency of AL was investigated. Results: The mean age of 1623 students included in the study was 25.6±2.4. AL was detected in 29 people and the prevalence of AL
was calculated as 1.8%. Although 21 (72.4%) of 29 students with AL were students from the Black Sea and Eastern Anatolia regions, no
significant difference was found between the regions(p=0.101). The most common other chest deformity was pectus excavatum. However,
no significant relationship was found between the frequency of AL and the presence of other chest deformities. (p=0.057).
Conclusion: In our study, AL was detected at a higher rate compared to the prevalence studies performed with thorax CT in our country. At
the same time, it was seen that AL could be detected easily with PA X-ray.
36
Ross, J. D. C., G. R. Scott, and A. Busuttil. "Rape and Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Patterns of Referral and Incidence in a Department of Genitourinary Medicine." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 84, no. 11 (November 1991): 657–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107689108401109.
Full textAbstract:
A retrospective study was carried out of all women attending a Department of Genitourinary Medicine over a 3-year period. Note was taken of referring source, presenting symptoms, infection detected at STD screening and follow-up attendance. Comparison was also made between the number of women referred by the police surgeon and the number who actually attended. We observed an overall incidence of STD of 35% and noted that many infections had a similar prevalence to that of our normal clinic population over the same time period. Only 13% of the women referred by the police attended although after the initial visit attendance was similar regardless of referral source. A number of asymptomatic women were noted to have infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. Although the risk of significant STD following sexual assault is low greater efforts should be made to encourage women to attend for screening whether or not they are symptomatic.
37
Uchida, Craig D., Marc Swatt, Julie Schnobrich-Davis, Christine Connor, Mariel Shutinya, and Daniel Wagner. "A Randomized Control Trial of a Targeted High-Risk Offender Program Across Three Jurisdictions." Police Quarterly 22, no. 2 (October 29, 2018): 192–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611118807771.
Full textAbstract:
This study reviews findings from Project Regional Analytics for the Safety of Our Residents, a modified focused deterrence program operated across three jurisdictions in Massachusetts. Unlike most other evaluations of targeted high-risk offender programs, the impact on individual-level offending is examined. Data from records management systems in three police agencies were extracted and used to create social harm risk scores. The top 150 offenders were selected for inclusion in this study. Subjects were blocked into three groups according to their composite score and then randomly assigned into treatment and control groups. All treatment group offenders were invited to a notification meeting where they decided whether to participate in the program with a police and social worker case management team. The outcome examined in this study is time to a new arraignment. Nonparametric and semiparametric methods detected no significant difference between groups after approximately one year. Implications for future research and practice are then discussed.
38
Linton, Benedict, and Barak Ariel. "Highest Harm Crime “Recruiters” in a London Borough: a Case of Moving Targets." Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing 4, no. 3-4 (December 2020): 260–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41887-020-00060-1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Research Question Can criminal recruiters be identified and ranked by crime harm levels in a London borough, and if so, how long is the predictive window of opportunity for targeting them with crime prevention efforts? Data This study deploys 5 years of Metropolitan Police Service crime data, relating to one of the 32 London boroughs in that time period. The data structure allowed identification of all suspects linked to the same crime report and all crime reports linked to the same suspects. Identification of linked suspects and their associated crime harm was undertaken using Structured Query Language (SQL) and ColdFusion Markup Language (CFML) via a web-based application. Methods All offenders were ranked by the number of co-offenders they acquired, as well as the total Cambridge crime harm index weight of the detected offences associated with them. Findings The highest harm recruiters are shown to be up to 137 times as harmful as the average offender, with one recruiter committing the same number of crimes as another but having 97 times more crime harm. Recruiter populations are highly dynamic, with few potential targets persisting from year to year over multiple years. Conclusions This study suggests that criminal recruiters are readily identifiable from police data, but police would only have a short window of opportunity to use deterrent or other preventive strategies with them once they are identified.
39
Novgorodov, Dmitrii. "Peculiarities associated with police inquiry into administrative violations committed on the Internet." NB: Административное право и практика администрирования, no. 2 (February 2020): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2306-9945.2020.2.33567.
Full textAbstract:
The object of this research consists in public relations that form in the course of initiation of cases on administrative violations committed on the Internet as part of the duties of law enforcement agencies. The subject of this research is the federal legislation and departmental normative legal acts of the Russian Federation regulating the organization of work of different police units, as well as case law materials. Analysis is conducted on the national legislation, statistical data provided by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, case law on administrative violations that were committed on the Internet. Having analyzed the materials of cases on administrative violations committed on the Internet, the author concludes that the law enforcement agencies sometimes evade their official duties, and exercise functions not typical of their positions. For example, the district police officers monitor the Internet for prevention and identification of administrative offences in the area served by them; if evidence of an offence is detected, administrative proceedings are initiated. The author offers the ways for solving the indicated problem.
40
ImObersteg, Anne. "The Role of the Pharmacist in Evaluating Drug Use in Drivers: The Drug Evaluation and Classification Program." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 13, no. 3 (June 2000): 202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089719000001300308.
Full textAbstract:
About 15% of accident-involved drivers have drugs detected in their system. The Drug Evaluation and Classification (DEC) Program was designed to give police officers a systematic, standardized twelve-step method to enable them to look for signs and symptoms of drug use from a group of seven drugs. The classes of drugs covered by the program are phencyclidine, inhalants, narcotic analgesics, cannabis, CNS depressants, CNS stimulants, and hallucinogens. The DEC program certifies the police officer as a Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) to evaluate the behavior and physical signs of the drug use such as blood pressure, pulse, nystagmus, strabismus, and pupil size. Since the procedures and methods of the program have a medical basis, the pharmacist, toxicologist or other similarly trained scientist with knowledge of physiology, pharmacology, disease states, chemistry, and physical assessment would be an ideal DRE. It is suggested that the future role of the pharmacist in the DEC program be one of final interpretation of the results noted by the DRE, or training the DRE to recognize the full spectrum of factors which may be causing the symptoms observed.
41
Pasqualotto, Alessandro C., Paula de Castro Pereira, Daiane F. Dalla Lana, Alexandre V. Schwarzbold, Marco S. Ribeiro, Cezar V. W. Riche, Cristiani Pilati P. Castro, et al. "COVID-19 seroprevalence in military police force, Southern Brazil." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 22, 2021): e0249672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249672.
Full textAbstract:
Background Limited data is available regarding the frequency of COVID-19 in populations that are highly exposed to SARS-CoV-2. In this cross-section study we evaluated COVID-19 seroprevalence in military police forces of 10 major cities in Rio Grande do Sul, South of Brazil. Methods Sampling was randomly performed in clusters, in respect to the number of professionals at service per city and military unit. Research subjects were evaluated on July 23, 2020 (first wave peak in Brazil). Clinical information was obtained, and venous blood was taken for ELISA testing (IgA, and IgG antibodies). Sample size consisted of 1,592 military workers (33.6% of study population). They were mostly man (81.2%) and young (median 34 years-old). Most had been asymptomatic (75.3%) during pandemic, and 27.5% reported close contact with COVID-19 cases (after a median time of 21 days). Antibodies were detected in 3.3% of the participants, mostly IgA (2.7%), and IgG (1.7%). After 3 weeks, 66.7% of IgA and IgG results turned negative, in addition to 78.3% and 100% of borderline IgA and IgG results, respectively. Conclusion The seroprevalence of COVID-19 amongst military police was at least 3.4 higher than the findings of other studies performed in the general population, in the same cities and dates. Most detectable antibodies were of IgA class, which implies recent exposure. Asymptomatic people were more prone to have negative antibody titters in the second run.
42
Simmons, Janie, Luther Elliott, Alex S. Bennett, Leo Beletsky, Sonali Rajan, Brad Anders, and Nicole Dastparvardeh. "Evaluation of an Experimental Web-based Educational Module on Opioid-related Occupational Safety Among Police Officers: Protocol for a Randomized Pragmatic Trial to Minimize Barriers to Overdose Response." JMIR Research Protocols 11, no. 2 (February 25, 2022): e33451. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/33451.
Full textAbstract:
Background As drug-related morbidity and mortality continue to surge, police officers are on the front lines of the North American overdose (OD) crisis. Drug law enforcement shapes health risks among people who use drugs (PWUD), while also impacting the occupational health and wellness of officers. Effective interventions to align law enforcement practices with public health and occupational safety goals remain underresearched. Objective The Opioids and Police Safety Study (OPS) aims to shift police practices relating to PWUD. It adapts and evaluates the relative effectiveness of a curriculum that bundles content on public health promotion with occupational risk reduction (ORR) to supplement a web-based OD response and naloxone training platform (GetNaloxoneNow.org, or GNN). This novel approach has the potential to improve public health and occupational safety practices, including using naloxone to reverse ODs, referring PWUD to treatment and other supportive services, and avoiding syringe confiscation. Methods This longitudinal study uses a randomized pragmatic trial design. A sample of 300 active-duty police officers from select counties in Pennsylvania, Vermont, and New Hampshire with high OD fatality rates will be randomized (n=150 each) to either the experimental arm (GNN + OPS) or the control arm (GNN + COVID-19 ORR). A pre- and posttraining survey will be administered to all 300 officers, after which they will be administered quarterly surveys for 12 months. A subsample of police officers will also be qualitatively followed in a simultaneous embedded mixed-methods approach. Research ethics approval was obtained from the New York University Institutional Review Board. Results Results will provide an understanding of the experiences, knowledge, and perceptions of this sample of law enforcement personnel. Generalized linear models will be used to analyze differences in key behavioral outcomes between the participants in each of the 2 study arms and across multiple time points (anticipated minimum effect size to be detected, d=0.50). Findings will be disseminated widely, and the training products will be available nationally once the study is completed. Conclusions The OPS is the first study to longitudinally assess the impact of a web-based opioid-related ORR intervention for law enforcement in the U.S. Our randomized pragmatic clinical trial aims to remove barriers to life-saving police engagement with PWUD/people who inject drugs by focusing both on the safety of law enforcement and evidence-based and best practices for working with persons at risk of an opioid OD. Our simultaneous embedded mixed-methods approach will provide empirical evaluation of the diffusion of the naloxone-based response among law enforcement. Trial Registration ClinicalTrail.gov NCT05008523; https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT05008523 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/33451
43
Liggins, Ashley, Jerry H. Ratcliffe, and Matthew Bland. "Targeting the Most Harmful Offenders for an English Police Agency: Continuity and Change of Membership in the “Felonious Few”." Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing 3, no. 3-4 (November 8, 2019): 80–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41887-019-00039-7.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Research Question How concentrated is the total harm of offences with detected offenders (identified suspects) among the complete list of all detected offenders in a given year in an English police agency, and how consistent is the list of highest-harm “felonious few” offenders from one year to the next? Data Characteristics of 327,566 crimes and 39,545 unique offenders as recorded by Northamptonshire Police in 7 years from 2010 to 2016 provide the basis for this analysis. Methods Crime and offender records were matched to harm weightings derived from the Cambridge Crime Harm Index (Sherman et al. 2016a; Sherman et al., Policing, 10(3), 171–183, 2016b). Descriptive statistics summarize a concentration of harm identifying the felonious few, changes over time in membership of the “few”, offender typologies and tests for escalation of severity, frequency and intermittency across repeated offences. Findings Crime harm is much more concentrated among offenders than crime volume: 80% of crime harm that is identified to an offender is linked to a felonious few of just 7% of all detected offenders. While chronic repeat offenders are the majority contributors to harm totals of this group, those with the most general range of offence types contribute the most harm. Individual members of the felonious few rarely maintain that position year on year; over 95% of each year’s list is composed of individuals not present in previous years. Within individual crime histories, we observe a pattern of de-escalation in crime harm per offence over time. “One-time” offenders, those with just one crime record, typically made up a third of the felonious few in both number and harm contribution. Conclusions These findings demonstrate the potential to target a small number of repeat offenders for harm reduction strategies using a metric of total crime severity, not just volume, despite a substantial portion of crime harm caused by one-time offenders that may be largely unpredictable.
44
McFadzien, Kent, Alan Pughsley, Andrew M. Featherstone, and John M. Phillips. "The Evidence-Based Investigative Tool (EBIT): a Legitimacy-Conscious Statistical Triage Process for High-Volume Crimes." Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing 4, no. 3-4 (September 8, 2020): 218–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41887-020-00050-3.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Research Question Based on the evidence at the end of a preliminary investigation of minor, non-domestic assault and public order cases, how accurately can the likelihood of a sanctioned detection be predicted for triage decisions while maintaining high awareness of legitimacy issues? Data Investigative records on assault and public order offences recorded by Kent Police, with a case-control sample of 522 randomly selected detected cases and 482 randomly selected undetected cases, a test sample of 931 cases, and an additional 7947 cases for testing the model on all eligible cases in the force area for the initial six months of its use. Methods A case control comparison between solved and unsolved cases produced a logistic regression model that was used to predict investigative outcomes in both the test sample and the complete tracking of its use in investigative operations. Findings Eight elements of evidence available by the end of the preliminary investigation were found to predict whether a sanctioned detection would result from further investigation: (1) victim supports police prosecution, and evidence includes (2) a named suspect, (3) a cooperative witness, (4) CCTV evidence, (5) confirming police testimony, (6) forensic evidence, (7) a connection to other cases and (8) a report of the crime to police less than 28 days after the incident occurred. When the EBIT was calibrated to identify only the 31% of cases most likely to yield a detection from further investigation, the model correctly forecast 97% of cases that would not be solved, producing only 3% false negatives. It also reduced the false-positive rate from 73 to 22% in cases that did not lead to a sanctioned detection. Conclusions A case control analysis of solvability factors at the end of a preliminary investigation can identify almost all of the cases that are likely to be solved, even while the model predicts that the majority of all cases at that point will not be solved.
45
Matiushkova, T. P. "Crimes Against the Electoral Rights of Citizens in Ukraine: The Peculiarities of Their Committing and Investigation." Law and Safety 72, no. 1 (March 26, 2019): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/pb.2019.1.01.
Full textAbstract:
This article is concerning on researching the crimes against the elective franchise as the crimes within the transnational nature, which are committed by the usage of information technologies. Different approaches to determine crimes against electoral rights of citizens have been described. Significant differences in number of offenses recorded by the Department of Information Support and Coordination of Police, crimes detected by the National police of Ukraine, as well as in the number of initiated criminal proceedings and number of criminal proceedings referred to the court have been highlighted. The types of unauthorized interference into the database of the State Register of Voters have been pointed. The impact of new voting technologies in increasing number of crimes against the elective franchise has been stressed. The external and internal subjects of crimes against the elective rights of citizens committed by usage of information technologies have been specified. Certain difficulties and problems, an overcoming of which requires a comprehensive approach, have been disclosed. In particular, blanket nature of statutory regulations, lack of well-established investigative and judicial practice, the needs in cooperation among different law enforcement agencies, including international engagement, involvements non-governmental organizations, etc.
46
Suarez-Paez, Julio, Mayra Salcedo-Gonzalez, Alfonso Climente, Manuel Esteve, Jon Ander Gómez, Carlos Enrique Palau, and Israel Pérez-Llopis. "A Novel Low Processing Time System for Criminal Activities Detection Applied to Command and Control Citizen Security Centers." Information 10, no. 12 (November 24, 2019): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info10120365.
Full textAbstract:
This paper shows a Novel Low Processing Time System focused on criminal activities detection based on real-time video analysis applied to Command and Control Citizen Security Centers. This system was applied to the detection and classification of criminal events in a real-time video surveillance subsystem in the Command and Control Citizen Security Center of the Colombian National Police. It was developed using a novel application of Deep Learning, specifically a Faster Region-Based Convolutional Network (R-CNN) for the detection of criminal activities treated as “objects” to be detected in real-time video. In order to maximize the system efficiency and reduce the processing time of each video frame, the pretrained CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) model AlexNet was used and the fine training was carried out with a dataset built for this project, formed by objects commonly used in criminal activities such as short firearms and bladed weapons. In addition, the system was trained for street theft detection. The system can generate alarms when detecting street theft, short firearms and bladed weapons, improving situational awareness and facilitating strategic decision making in the Command and Control Citizen Security Center of the Colombian National Police.
47
Corral, Daniel. "The Relationship Between Immigration Enforcement and Educational Attainment: The Role of Sanctuary Policies." AERA Open 7 (January 2021): 233285842110372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23328584211037253.
Full textAbstract:
This study explores the association between sanctuary policies and the high school completion and college enrollment of Hispanic undocumented youth. Sanctuary policies, which city, county, and/or state governments implement, prohibit local political leaders and police officials from cooperating with federal immigration enforcement officers regarding the questioning, detention, and deportation of undocumented immigrants. This study uses data from the American Community Survey and applies a difference-in-differences design. On average, my preferred specification detected no association with high school completion or college enrollment. These findings suggest that although these policies may help counteract immigration enforcement, they may not reduce uncertainty enough to have a significant relationship with educational outcomes.
48
Yushkevych, Olena. "Legislative lacunas in holding persons responsible for driving vehicles under the influence of alcohol." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 3, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-3-108-113.
Full textAbstract:
A general review of the legal framework for holding persons administratively responsible for driving vehicles under the influence of alcohol has been carried out. Lacunas in the current legislation on holding persons responsible for driving vehicles under the influence of alcohol have been identified. Thus, there is nowadays virtually no practice of drawing up re-ports on administrative offenses for transferring control of a vehicle to a person who is in a state of alcohol intoxication. The legislative alternative presupposing the police inspecting a vehicle on the scene using specialist equipment or medical staff examining the driver of that vehicle leads, in certain cases, to the closure of the administrative offense proceedings in the actual absence of the administrative offense case to answer. The relevant judicial practice has been analyzed. The distinctive features of the use by the police of specialist equipment, by means of which the drivers of vehicles are detected to have signs of alcohol intoxication, have been highlighted. Opposing views have been given on the issue of classifying certain equipment, currently used by the police officers, as specialist. Proposals regarding amendments to the respective regulations have been formulated. In particular, this is the establishment of the lower and upper limits of administrative penalties; taking disciplinary action against respective persons for failure to appear in court for hearing an administrative offense case, as well as conducting internal reviews in case the court recognizes the fact of unlawful drawing up of the report on an administrative offense; the expansion of the list of documents that must be carried by the driver of a motor vehicle, etc.
49
Igorevna, Galyashina Elena. "The Challenges of Forensic Linguistic Analysis of False Testimony." European Journal of Social & Behavioural Sciences 30, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 236–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/ejsbs.302.
Full textAbstract:
The present paper arises from wider research which focused on various manifestations of destructive and malicious speech behavior in spontaneous oral or written dialogs, related to the processes of information concealment and falsification in police interviews and court testimonies. A number of analytical methods were used to generate this paper: a retrospective analysis of scientific literature, comparative legal and logical analysis, extrapolation methods, and content analysis. Despite numerous experimental researches devoted to acoustic-phonetic or psycholinguistic features of lies, their results are not sufficiently reliable for forensic purposes as the expert report should not rely on assumptions. The author disputes the evidence admissibility of experts’ conclusions about utterances implying speech parameters correlating with lies detected via psycholinguistic examination in oral speech audio or video recording of a police interview or a court testimony. Forensic psycholinguistic methods and comprehensive algorithms used in some forensic experts’ reports to detect speech signs of lying demonstrate a great variety that contradicts with the principals of evidence admissibility. The insufficient development of the currently used expert approach and the lack of a unified methodology for solving expert tasks on a strictly scientific basis creates a demand for developing comprehensive methods for studying lies on the basis of forensic speech science and cognitive theory.
50
de Vries, Herman J., Helena J. M. Pennings, Cees P. van der Schans, Robbert Sanderman, Hilbrand K. E. Oldenhuis, and Wim Kamphuis. "Wearable-Measured Sleep and Resting Heart Rate Variability as an Outcome of and Predictor for Subjective Stress Measures: A Multiple N-of-1 Observational Study." Sensors 23, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010332.
Full textAbstract:
The effects of stress may be alleviated when its impact or a decreased stress-resilience are detected early. This study explores whether wearable-measured sleep and resting HRV in police officers can be predicted by stress-related Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) measures in preceding days and predict stress-related EMA outcomes in subsequent days. Eight police officers used an Oura ring to collect daily Total Sleep Time (TST) and resting Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and an EMA app for measuring demands, stress, mental exhaustion, and vigor during 15–55 weeks. Vector Autoregression (VAR) models were created and complemented by Granger causation tests and Impulse Response Function visualizations. Demands negatively predicted TST and HRV in one participant. TST negatively predicted demands, stress, and mental exhaustion in two, three, and five participants, respectively, and positively predicted vigor in five participants. HRV negatively predicted demands in two participants, and stress and mental exhaustion in one participant. Changes in HRV lasted longer than those in TST. Bidirectional associations of TST and resting HRV with stress-related outcomes were observed at a weak-to-moderate strength, but not consistently across participants. TST and resting HRV are more consistent predictors of stress-resilience in upcoming days than indicators of stress-related measures in prior days.