Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Police – Aspect politique'
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Paoli, Claude. "La police confisquée." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010292.
Full textRonsin, Samuel. "Police, nation(s) et République : histoire sociale et politique de la police d'État tchécoslovaque sous la Première République (1918-1938)." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0161.
Full textYebouet, Boah Cofy Pascal Henry. "Presse et "affaires policières" en France de 1975 à 1995." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10011.
Full textPolice "affairs" are neglected by academic and scientific research. However, its newsworthy is great because police "affairs" are more or less sensational. This can be explained if we know that the way the press deals with those questions is often very much influenced by the ideological and political conception of the concerned publications, from 1975 to 1995
Bensussan, Agnès. "La répression de la déviance politique en RDA, 1971-1989." Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIE0052.
Full textBirantamije, Gérard. "La crise de l'Etat et la Réforme du Secteur de la Sécurité: essai d'analyse de l'opérationnalisation de la notion d'appropriation locale dans le contexte de la Réforme de la Police nationale du Burundi." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209480.
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Since the 2000s, Security Sector Reform is one of the international public policies advocated by the International community in order to deal with the state crisis and the transition from war to peace. Due to the failure of development aid which emphasized the lack of local ownership as its root cause, the International community calls for a genuine local ownership of the Security Sector Reform. This study analyses the operationalization of the concept of local ownership in the context of the Security sector reform in Burundi. This thesis raises the question of why international actors have come to consider local ownership as a condition of Security sector reform. The analysis is based on three indicators: the conviction of local actors, the formulation and implementation of reforms, and the coordination of actors and reform activities, and is focused on empirical data about the Burundi National police reform process. The study shows that local ownership is a strategy mobilized by international actors to both trivialize their interventions and transfer their reform models while the genuine intentionality of the notion is one of responsibility and sovereignty of local actors. This study concludes that in the context of the crisis of the state, local ownership notion is a discourse that strengthens the international interventionism in giving the illusion of more space given to local actors in the implementation of reforms.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Perrin, Héléna. "Le politique dans les romans de Lindsey Collen." Thesis, La Réunion, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LARE0002/document.
Full textOur research endeavours to demonstrate politics under these three aspects which constitute its theoretical backbone.We propose an approach of politics as a concept, having chosen Lindsey Collen's novels as background for this study. Our study considers politics under three aspects. The first aspect named “la police” by Jacques Rancière concerns the Mauritian society which is exposed as being a conjuction of economic and repressive apparatuses in charge of preserving the State. These forces fall under two categories namely Infrastructure and Superstructure, which function in order to maintain the State in its initial form. They act as conservative forces.The second aspect of politics involves a scission from this initial state in order to open the way to change and flexibility. Jacques Rancière calls it “la politique”.The third and last moment of politics is an opening towards the unachieved, in echo to the concept of the « real », that is with the abstract and the unknown. In Rancière’s theory it corresponds to “le politique”. Politics intervenes in the novels when Collen makes use of images which transcend reality and confer another dimension to interpretation. We also considered the « other » as a concept in direct equivalence to politics. When referring to the other, we consider issues like utopia, the feminine, myths and dance. All these issues evoke alterity in the sense of bypassing the known in an attempt to open new options
Lévy-Aksu, Noémi. "L'ordre public dans la capitale ottomane : Istanbul, 1879-1909." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0110.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on the production of public order in the Ottoman capital between the late 1870's and the aftermath of the Young Turk Revolution. It tries to take into account both the discourses and practices related to public order in Istanbul. By analyzing state and non state discourses on order and disorders, I question the meaning of those notions in the Ottoman context and how their connotations were modified after 1908, pointing out the growing place of insecurity in public debates. Beyond representations, the modalities of maintaining order and social control in the capital are at the core of this study. During the period studied, police forces were institutionalized and spread throughout the city. The second part of the dissertation focuses on the aims of those police forces, their integration into the city and their inspirations at the lime of Abdüihamid II (1876-1909) and after the Young Turk revolution. The last part of Ibis work questions the persistence and redefinition of the role played by local actors in spatial and personal control. Case studies of specific categories (nightwatchers, strongarm men) and of a district of the city, Tophane, are used to analyze the interactions between the different actors and their relationships with the police forces
Rébillard, Eugénie. "Imposer l'ordre : la police dans les villes et les campagnes de l'Iraq abbasside (IIe-IVe s. / VIIIe-Xe s.)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA01H057.
Full textThis thesis examines the role of the police in the establishment of a political, social, fiscal and moral state order in the cities and countryside of Abbasid Iraq (2nd-4th / 8th-10th centuries). This major institution of the caliphate has been little studied. The discovery of an unpublished manuscript, the Risālat siyāsat al-mulūk, allows us to approach the modalities of its functioning. For the Abbasid State, the police force soon became an indispensable instrument for the governance of the territory and the control of its populations. Its study sheds new light on the institutional development that characterized the first two Abbasid centuries. The police were structured around the territory it sought to control. In Baghdad in particular, the spatialization of its activities was linked to a specialization of its tasks, and its operation required a large and qualified staff. For a long time, the Abbasid police force was considered as a urban institution, but its action was also effective in rural areas. The extension of police coverage, motivated by the repression of the revolts that punctuated the first two Abbasid centuries, allows us to reconsider the process of integration of the Iraqi territory within the Abbasid state. The evolution of the police chiefs and theirs practices is also linked to that of the army from which it was derived. The caliph had a singular relationship with his police chief, the terms of which changed during the period under study. The political-military crises had a lasting effect on police practices, which crystallized oppositions. The police also had to define themselves in relation to the law. The chief of police was responsible for punishing those who violated the legal norm, seen as dynamic, and those who opposed the political and social order that the State sought to impose
Zhang, Ding. "L'évolution de la politique énergétique du Royaume-Uni de 1945 à 2007 : enjeux politiques, économiques et écologiques." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030145.
Full textOver a decade, world economy has been characterised by three intense tendencies in the field of energy: (1) the energy consumption, which had been slowed down following the two oil crises, has tremendously increased, essentially due to the fast development of China; (2) the constantly-Aggravating greenhouse effect and the global warming are threatening the survival of our planet; (3) the energy supply security has been less and less guaranteed as a result of the exacerbation of the nationalism in many oil-Producing countries. When New Labour came to power in 1997, the UK was independent in its hydrocarbon production. Seven years later in 2004, it became a net gas importer, and in 2006, a net oil importer. Most of its energy infrastructures are nowadays obsolete. The UK is thus facing a triple challenge: environment, energy supply security and energy infrastructures modernisation, which all engulf great investments. These challenges are common to all European countries. In June 2007, the government published an important Energy White Paper on the challenges that the British energy policy was facing.The doctoral thesis studies the evolution of the UK energy policy since the end of the Second World War. Two questions are essential to this study. What are the great evolutions of the UK energy policy? What are the convergences and divergences between the UK energy policy and the European energy policy, of which the creation of the Common Market is only one of the aspects?
Philippe, Yann. "Mais que fait la police ? : réformes policières et lutte contre la criminalité à New York au début du XXe siècle (1906-1918)." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0032.
Full textMy thesis originates in the discrepancies, noted by sociologists, between the ways the police are represented in contemporary American culture and the daily realities of police work. As the economic, cultural and police capital, New York provides an ideal standpoint to trace the construction of the figure of the policeman as a fighter against criminality. The NYPD underwent a process of reform at the beginning of the 20th century supported by the papers, the civic organizations, the new police experts and many New Yorkers, as evidenced by the numerous complaints they filed, wich have been saved at the municipal archives. Often followed by a police report, these complaints enabled me to measure the reforms' implementation and the actual activities of the police. While it didn't constitute its main activity, the fight against criminality was defined as the primary objective of the NYPD, and contributed to a new form of identification between the people and the police institution
Garsous, Grégoire. "Essays in infrastructure and environmental policies." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209391.
Full textThe second chapter, "Climate Change Mitigation in the Presence of Technology Spillovers", explores the implications of an increase in clean technology spillovers between developed and developing countries. I build a 2-stage 2-country game of abatements in which players are linked with technology spillovers. The two countries are asymmetric in their technology endowment. Country 1 - the developed country - is the only one able to invest in technology that lowers abatement costs. Country 2 - the developing country - captures only part of the technology provided by country 1.
The third chapter, "Threshold Effects in Self-Enforcing International Environmental Agreements" is co-written with Renaud Foucart. In this chapter, we address the stability of self-enforcing International Environmental Agreements (IEAs) with the presence of a threshold of irreversible climate change. Climate scientists recognize the existence of human-induced abrupt climate changes that are likely to occur when the climate system crosses some threshold. We show that taking into account these threshold effects - when identified with enough accuracy - allows for the existence of more ambitious agreements than those predicted by the traditional literature on IEAs. When considering abrupt irreversible damage, the contribution of any country that helps prevent the world from such a catastrophe is very large. Consequently, a high number of signatories that could potentially prevent the climate system from crossing the threshold could form a self-enforcing agreement.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
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Hubert, Hugues-Olivier. "L'Etat surveillant: les politiques belges de sécurité au regard de la sociologie du risque." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211491.
Full textAnouliès, Lisa. "Trade and environment : policy responses." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0064.
Full textThis dissertation postulates that strategic interactions between governments are a key element to assess the effects of trade on the environment. It adopts a positive approach which is aimed at uncovering new theoretical mechanisms to contribute to the trade and environment literature on the following questions: is the environmental policy used as a substitute for trade barriers, and what are the environmental consequences of such an attitude? What are the effects of the environmental policy on the productive efficiency of an economy? Can a border tax adjustment support an environmental objective? To propose new elements of answer on these fundamental questions, the three independent chapters of this dissertation rely on theoretical models featuring intra-industry trade. The first chapter shows that trade integration influences the incentives of governments to regulate polluting industries, and that these incentives vary according to the geographical scale of pollution. The second chapter concludes that the cost of complying with an environmental objective differs according to the design elements of the cap-and-trade program when firms are heterogeneous and in monopolistic competition. The third chapter predicts that a border tax adjustment induces compliance of countries with the cooperative environmental agreement, a strategic dimension that is crucial for solving competitive distortions and carbon leakage issues
Yusifov, Shahin. "La Turquie dans la politique de l'Azerbaïdjan en 1992-1998 : aspects politique, institutionnel et sécuritaire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG011.
Full textThe collapse of the USSR at the end of the twentieth century has been followed by the creation of fifteen new independent States in the large Eurasian territory. Such is the case of Azerbaijan, which has declared its independence in 1991. Thanks to its geographical position and energy resources (oil and gas) Azerbaijan occupies a geopolitically strategic position and is subject to a geopolitical « game », which implies both regional (Turkey) and great world powers (such as the US, EU and Russia). Consequently, Azerbaijan has adopted a multi-vector foreign policy with its neighbors. Among its neighbors, Turkey, sharing a common history, language, religion and traditions has an important place in the foreign policy of Azerbaijan. In terms of the geopolitical « game », this thesis analyses the relations between Azerbaijan and Turkey. It is based on three axes, as these are the main pillars of bilateral relations between both states. These are political, institutional (commercial) and strategic (security)
Philippe, Damien. "Analyse socio-historique d’une politique de prévention par le sport : entre inflexions politiques et contexte local, l'exemple de la ville de Trappes." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN20034/document.
Full textFor the last few decades, the popular suburbs are at the heart of many governmental measures implied so as to combat the marginalization of these areas and to escape from the dictum of urban violence. If a town planning policy does indeed exist, the resources implemented particularly in the domain of prevention through sports are currently under discussion and many issues have yet to be discussed. Hence stemming from a local analysis of the town of Trappes we looked into the question of how influential these prevention through sports public policies really are.So as to better understand the role of sport in relation to our field of analysis, our work was axed around archive study, observations and interviews with a panel of about 75 participants. All of the participants who have or who have had a role to play in the district were met with in order to try to retrace the history of the town. Overall our aim was to look towards analyzing the genesis of prevention through sports public policies – the changes, the fear of conflict, the strategical definitions of the participants, power issues and the evaluation of the effects of this policy on the local district. We were also very interested in the global sporting action within the community.Through-out the study our aim was never to categorize the “right way of doing things” but moreover to put forward certain recommendations regarding the implementation of these prevention through sports policies – notably aspects such as emergency management, the notion of territory, of space, of the public system and the importance of evaluation. The importance of the local context must be also taken into account – its history, resources, actors – before implementing political actions hence it was also of utmost necessity to adapt oneself to each situation
Hipeau, Vivien. "Le principe constitutionnel de francité de la langue de la République." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1G029.
Full textFormerly existing in the constitutional field at best in a latent state, as a fundamental principle acknowledged in the laws of the Republic or as a constitutional custom, the constitutional principle of Frenchness of the language of the Republic expressly exists in our inner law since the revision of the Constitution of June 25th, 1992 through the formula "the language of the Republic shall be French". Thus its constitutionality is secured, what cannot be questioned, and could even change into supraconstitutionality, if this concept was admitted in French law. But in spite of its incorporation into the Constitution, the principle of Frenchness of the language of the Republic does not spread all its potential effects into the infra-constitutional sphere, paradoxically slowed down in its deployment, notably by the Constitutional Council. So, its constitutionality is clearly minimized.The carelessness of this constitutionality of the principle, detectable through that vertical approach, is also visible in a horizontal approach : indeed, its constitutionality is badly used in the constitutional sphere. On an internal level, it allows a weak acknowledgment of this fundamental principle as right or freedom constitutionally guaranteed, but besides it is unfortunately not seen as an essential guarantee in the efficiency of the other constitutional rules and principles, in particular the other rights or freedoms. However, the Frenchness of the language of the Republic would allow it indubitably, by its object and the acquisition of its constitutional value. Besides, on a less exclusively internal front, its constitutionality did not yet allow to consider it as a principle or rule inherent to the constitutional identity of France, while it is in theory the main element of this category which still remains empty. Besides, from a more offensive point of view, the Frenchness of the language of the Republic tries ingenuously to be exported thanks to its constitutionality, while it cannot afford it, by definition, as strictly French legal principle. Thus the constitutionality of this protean principle of Frenchness of the language of the Republic is the object of a prejudicial carelessness which it is advisable to remedy
Alouch, Esmaail. "La politique monétaire et financière et la politique de développement dans le cadre des Pays de la zone MENA." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSES048/document.
Full textThe Countries in the Middle East and North Africa are known for their wealth and diversity as a result of a decades-long economic and political history. They extend over a vast expanse from the Persian Gulf to the east, to the Atlantic Ocean to the west. This region sometimes referred to as MENA (Middle East and North Africa) includes most of Southwest Asia and North Africa. It includes on the Asian continent Iran, Turkey and all the Arab countries. In North Africa, it includes Egypt, Tunisia, Libya, Morocco and Algeria.This thesis begins with a first part devoted to the geography and history of the main countries of the region, starting with the last decades lived by the Ottoman Empire.In the second part we present an economic and social panorama of the countries of the zone.In the third part we focus on monetary policy. This policy is one of the most important economic policies, as its success is supposed to contribute to the success and development of other policies. We analyze the problematic relations between the executive government and the central bank as monetary authority
Havlík, Petr. "Efficient policy design for joint production of food and environment : an application to beef and grassland biodiversity." Doctoral thesis, Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-93205.
Full textYang, Shuai. "Answering the new challenges of health policy in China : towards organizational efficiency." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1G032.
Full textThis thesis builds a hospital benchmarking methodology and implements it in the Chinese and French cases in order to compare performances amongst hospitals and figure out the driving forces behind performance differentials. In a first step, stylized facts are used to analyze the evolution of Chinese people’s new health care needs and China’s health system. Then, after a review of the current theories and practices of hospital benchmarking, a methodology is proposed in order to calculate and compare average costs in cross-section and inter-temporal analyses. The further decomposition of average costs in case-mix effects and cost structure effects allows studying the determinants of hospital performance while taking into account supply and demand factors. We first apply our model to a French hospital. Five inputs and six disease related groups in the field of maternal service are selected to measure differences in average costs in spatial then longitudinal empirical settings. We find that the average cost of the hospital under assessment is higher than the national reference, which results from both case-mix effect and cost structure effect. By decomposing the cost structure, we find that the price effect and quantity effect have opposite impacts on the hospital under estimation. The results of the longitudinal comparison show that the performance becomes poorer at time t versus time t-1. The case-mix effect appears to be responsible for the rising average cost, while the hospital under assessment shows cost advantage at time t versus time t-1. The second application deals with the impacts of case-mix effect and cost structure effect on hospital average cost in the Chinese, from a policy perspective. The results show that the spatial difference in health care needs leads to the huge variety of performance between rural and urban hospital through the case-mix effect. The inter-temporal simulations also testify the existence of the epidemiological transition where non communicable diseases now dominate both in urban and rural areas (though at different rates). We also investigate a policy trend towards specialization of general hospitals and exemplify to extent to which it can lead to significant changes in the case-mix of the hospital, which eventually results in differentiated average costs. Then, we try to simulate and analyze the effectiveness and quality of reform policy by isolating the cost structure effect. At last, the interaction between case-mix effect and cost structure effect are verified and the policy implications are discussed accordingly
Rea, Andrea. "Immigration, état et citoyenneté: la formation de la politique d'intégration des immigrés de la Belgique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211905.
Full textWolf, Clara. "Housing and monetary policy : three essays on empirical housing economics and international monetary policy." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0067.
Full textThis thesis investigates heterogeneous topics since it is related to both housing economics and monetary economics, and uses various tools including theoretical modeling, microeconomic policy evaluation and macroeconomic empirical approach. It is constituted of three chapters. The first one, co-authored with Eric Monnet, is interested in the relationship between demographic changes within countries and housing investment. The second one, co-authored with Guillaume Chapelle and Benjamin Vignolles, assesses the impact of a housing tax credit on several dimensions of the housing market. Finally, the third one studies how monetary policy should react to capital inflows when there are frictions on the financial market
Ismayilov, Mammed. "Aspects de la politique linguistique de l’Azerbaïdjan hier et aujourd’hui : enjeux national et régional." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAC038.
Full textPolicy Azerbaijani language must be studied in four different but closely related aspects : the language policy towards the official language, the language policy towards minority languages in Azerbaijan, the language policy towards the Turcophonie and the language policy against Azerbaijani minorities especially in neighboring countries such as Iran, Georgia or Russia (also the Republic of Dagestan of the Russian Federation). This set is for the language policy of Azerbaijan in both the official language intervention but also on minority languages from the state and an area of international cooperation in the case of Turcophonie. Consequently, the regional aspect of this policy is considered as an action that key issues for the development and influence of Azerbaijani as a minority language
Zaccai, Edwin. "Contribution à l'analyse des conceptions du développement durable." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211719.
Full textZacharie, Arnaud. "L'impact des politiques internationales de financement du développement sur les marges de manoeuvre politiques (policy space) des pays en développement: une étude selon la grille d'analyse centre/périphérie." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209407.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Benoit, Maude. "Reconfiguration de l’État et renouvellement de l’action publique agricole : L’évolution des politiques agroenvironnementales au Québec et en France." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD048/document.
Full textSince the 1990s, environmental issues in agriculture have increasingly become a public policy problem in industrialized countries, notwithstanding the fact that they are integrated very differently in their respective agricultural policies. Based on this observation, this research seeks to explain the various national institutionalization and evolution paths of the so-called agri-environmental policy through a comparative analysis between Quebec and France. The analytical framework considers both the structures and the policy actors in the agri-environmental policy construction by studying specifically two variables: the configuration of agricultural policies and the role of public administrations. This qualitative research investigates a long time frame (1990-2013) and combines three data collection methods: content analysis, discourse analysis and semi-structured interviews. This thesis shows that traditional agricultural policy key players (agricultural administrations and agricultural professional organizations) act as filters of reformist ideas present globally and that they “acclimate” both the sustainable development paradigm and the new public management paradigm to the specificities of their countries and of their public policy sector
Lorenceau, Adrien. "Essays on public policy evaluations in education and development." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0120.
Full textThis thesis is composed of four independent evaluations of public policies. The first chapter assesses the impact of providing loans to students willing to enroll in university in the context of South Africa. It takes advantage of the fact that the loans are granted according to a credit score threshold to estimate the causal impact of loan obtainment based on a regression discontinuity approach. The results indicate that credit constraint is substantial, as it reduces the enrollment rate into higher education by more than 20 percentage points in a population of student loan applicants. The second chapter investigates the impact of mandated political reservation at village councils level for low caste and female candidates on the provision of school inputs. A feature of the selection procedure of reserved constituencies allows to implement a variance of the regression discontinuity design. The results indicate that neither female nor low castes representatives significantly favor the children from their category in terms of provision of school resources in the context of Bihar. The third chapter examines two channels through which the political affiliation of local representatives could affect the allocation of public goods. The allocation could differ because the representatives have different political views. Alternatively, it could be that elected representatives from the ruling party are favored. Using "close elections" comparisons provide quasi-experimental (RD) estimates of both effects on middle school construction. Large positive impacts of political preferences and political favoritism can be statistically rejected. Finally, the last chapter provides quasi-experimental estimates of the impact of a tax credit program targeted at less densely populated areas. .
Papandropoulos, Sylvie-Pénélope. "Issues in european competition policy: lobbying, reputation and R&D co-operation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211988.
Full textSandillon, Isabelle. "Les causes du chômage européen : analyse comparée des facteurs structurels et du policy mix dans le contexte de la mise en place de l'UEM." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX24005.
Full textAndreetti, Katia. "A la croisée de l'anthropologie de la santé publique et des politiques publiques de la recherche : étude de cas des biotechnologies de la reproduction et de la bioéthique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ASSA0002.
Full textThis research provides a holistic overview of human reproduction, using a comparative approach in which the genetic and the social interpenetrate. We highlight the ways in which socio-cultural, political and biological conditions shape bioethics and the possibilities offered to reproductive health research. Using a transdisciplinary methodology, we incorporate this abject of study into the construction of public policies on population health and research. We demonstrate that human reproduction, and biotechnologies in particular, embody the paradoxes most intrinsic to our species, where tradition and modernity merge. Technologies and scientific progress have metamorphosed the quality of life and perfected the medical management of reproductive health. Research and reproduction are political issues, reflecting the social representations of each culture and the way in which power relations are governed from national to international levels. Our research lays the foundations for a global approach to bioethics and health
Russo, Eleonora. "L'Union européenne et le changement climatique : aspects juridiques." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020032/document.
Full textOver the last fifty years, climate change has acquired a political and a legal dimension. In 2009, the Lisbon Treaty included combating climate change among the objectives of the European Union’s international environmental policy, demonstrating the will of the EU to play a leading global role in this domain. This thesis studies the development of the fight against climate change in EU law. In Part I we analyse European ambitions within the framework of international negotiations, where climate governance originally emerged. Then, we examine the European system of competence in order to better understand whether or not it actually serves as the most effective approach to tackling climate change issues. Part II concerns the implementation of the EU climate change policy. Here, we present its main instruments, i.e. the climate and energy package, and examine the mechanisms that the EU uses to give coherence to this cross-cutting policy and influence global climate action by way of internal measures taken. Our analysis furthers the understanding of European contributions, both past and present, to the construction of effective international climate governance. Moreover, the subject of climate change, a major global challenge with an array of specific characteristics, provides us with a privileged point of view to examine several dynamics of the construction of European integration
Arabzadeh, Jamali Hamzeh. "Three essays on the sectoral aspects of economic policy." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E027/document.
Full textIn this dissertation, I study the implications of policies with heterogeneous sectoral impacts in three separate research fields of macroeconomics: (i) environmental policy, (ii) foreign aid and (iii) the political economy of the twin deficits. Through the three chapters of this thesis, it is argued that, in all these three contexts, the sectoral impacts of policies play important roles in the policy evaluation and in the determination of optimal policy. In the first chapter, the policy of concern is the pollution tax. The paper provides a theoretical model to explain why in top income percentiles, there can be a negative relationship between household's income and their support for pollution tax. In the second chapter, I study the macroeconomic impacts of foreign aid and I consider two sectors: tradable sector (T-sector) and non-tradable sector (N-sector). I consider two forms of foreign aid: (i) aid which is transferred to the households and (ii) aid which is used to finance public investment. I investigate the impact of the liberalization of capital market on the optimal form and on the performance of foreign aid. In the third chapter, I consider the same sectors as in the second chapter : T-sector and N-sector. The focus of this chapter is rather on the political economy of the twin deficits: a deficit in current account induced by a deficit in fiscal balance. Econometric analysis of the paper finds evidence that wage centralization, in a cross-section of industrialized economies, is significantly associated with lower deficits in current account and budget balance. The paper provides a political economy framework to explain this empirical finding
Chapelle, Guillaume. "Land and the housing market : three essays on the role of land and its implications for public policies." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IEPP0003/document.
Full textThis dissertation analyzes the mechanisms of the French housing market documenting its constraints and the impact of several housing policies. It aims to increase our understanding of the mechanisms at work on this very particular market where land has a key role. The first chapter tries to document the place of land through the past decades. Some economists have been documenting a steady decline of its importance during the XIX and XX centuries. However, such decline was progressively balanced by the sharp appreciation of housing wealth and more particularly its land component. The second chapter tries to understand the origin of this rise in residential land value documenting one of the key parameter of the housing market: the supply elasticity of the French urban areas. This chapter starts defining two different concepts related with the supply elasticity. The first one is the intensive margin supply elasticity and designates the reaction of developers following a short run increase in housing prices. The second one describes how real estate price vary when a city is growing. It shows that French urban areas are less elastic than their US counterparts. The third chapter uses a natural experiment, the Scellier Housing Tax Credit (STC) and shows that it had a limited quantitative impact on the housing production. The fourth chapter documents the crowding out effect of private construction by social housing
Shishlov, Igor. "Essais sur l'économie du suivi de la politique climatique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLA005.
Full textThis dissertation aims at improving the understanding of the economics of monitoring in climate policy, which is the main problematic of this research work. To this end, this dissertation develops a general analytical framework for the analysis of monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) in climate policy across several key tradeoffs – such as cost vs. uncertainty – as well as a microeconomic model to assess the impact of monitoring policy choice on the economic and environmental performance of climate policy. While the practical experiences with the most important carbon pricing and management mechanisms, as well as microeconomic modeling highlight that there is no “silver bullet” solution regarding MRV rules in climate policy, this dissertation, nevertheless, draws three key lessons regarding carbon accounting that should help policymakers design “silver bullets” depending on their objectives.First, regarding the stringency of monitoring, it can be concluded that the rules for monitoring uncertainty are rarely exhaustive. With an important exception of direct measurement in the EU ETS, existing carbon accounting systems do not set a requirement on the overall uncertainty of a given source. The CDM monitoring requirements have partly followed the conservativeness principle, mainly through a conservative choice of uncertainty bounds for some IPCC default values as well as for some monitored variables. The microeconomic model developed in this dissertation demonstrates that in the presence of information asymmetry not accounting for monitoring uncertainty leads to suboptimal economic and environmental outcomes of climate policy.Second, it was demonstrated that MRV costs are subject to a strong economy-of-scale effect both across and within different carbon accounting frameworks. Indeed, MRV costs decrease with the comprehensiveness of the perimeter: the larger and the more comprehensive a scheme, the lower the MRV costs. Mandatory schemes must be especially careful with the costs that they impose on regulated entities as these may distort the market – for example by putting higher costs on smaller entities – or even put unbearable burden on some firms. Conversely, offset schemes, in which participation is voluntary, cannot bankrupt participating companies through MRV costs: if they are too high, companies simply do not participate. Moreover, one of the interests of running an offset scheme is to reveal information on abatement opportunities, monitoring techniques and costs. In this context, there is a rationale for higher MRV costs in order to obtain better information.Third, monitoring costs are also directly proportional to MRV stringency, as more accurate monitoring usually comes at an increasing cost. The regulator therefore has to deal with a tradeoff between information quality and monitoring costs. Few existing carbon accounting systems incorporate flexibility provisions to adapt uncertainty requirements to the cost incurred by stakeholders. These provisions may take the form of de minimis thresholds (that is, threshold levels of emissions under which monitoring and reporting are not required), or “materiality thresholds” (that is, threshold levels of errors under which errors are tolerated during verification). They can also take a more continuous form, for example by increasing the cost of compliance or discounting the benefits from carbon credits in proportion to the uncertainty of monitoring. The microeconomic model developed in this dissertation demonstrates that in choosing the monitoring policy to address uncertainty – prescribing the error, setting maximum uncertainty thresholds or applying a discount – the regulator has to balance welfare, risk and undue wealth transfers
Benhenda, Asma. "Education policy, inequalities and student achievement." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0044.
Full textThis dissertation analyses the efficiency of teacher policies in France with regard to their three main objectives: attract and retain quality teachers, help teacher progress and reduce educational inequalities through the matching of teachers to their students
Demongeot, Benoît. "Discuter, politiser, imposer une solution d'action publique : l'exemple du tramway." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENH004/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the success of light rail schemes in French and European cities. It considers successively light rail as a generic policy solution, a spatialised project and a policy output. In such way it questions the "reinvention" of the solution in 1970s France. Then the analysis dwells on three cities : Marseille, Dublin and Grenoble. It focuses on arguments that are exchanged within the corresponding systems of actors. It appears that during a first period, light rail is essentially promoted as a transport solution, framed as rationale and comparable to other public transport modes. However, from the 1990's, supporting discourses evolve dramatically in Grenoble and Marseille. The solution happens to agregate a wider range of « virtues », that is to say admitted qualities concerning new fields of interest : urbanism, the distribution of public realm, socio-spatial polarizations or local elections results. Such an evolution can be interpreted as a form of politicisation. It seems to foster the emergence of new projects in France. On the contrary, the case of Dublin helps to understand the difficulties that are faced by a light rail that remains justified mainly by its "transport" dimension, and how these difficulties are more or less overcome
Denis, Benjamin. "La politique internationale du climat: analyse du processus de construction du cadre international de lutte contre le réchauffement global." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210881.
Full textDoctorat en sciences politiques
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Chabert, Antonin. "Anthropologie du carnaval de Nice : politiques, professions et esthétiques de la fête." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0291.
Full textBy basing itself on a meticulous ethnography, this thesis offers an anthropology of the Nice carnival from its political, professional and aesthetical dynamics. The data that were gathered enable to understand the political and institutional building of the show regarding the tourist device that influences it. Indeed the techniques of festivities marketing and the event strategies offer a tourist dimension as well as a consumerist one to this carnival. That being said, the analysis cannot be solely grasped through a view to institutions or to a both vertical and dual mechanism. The festival pattern from Nice, a kind of mixture between a show and a carnival, also has to face opposition as well as alternative schemes building counter-models, which enables to question the sheer definition of a carnival itself. Renewing forms, such as the creation of a gay carnival (Queernaval) for instance, prove the repossession of the show by local protagonists. The building of the carnival is a full-time job, divided into several dedicated companies led by local families.The choice of craftsmanship for the carnival may be a passion but it is a job opportunity either. Eventually, the building of the show has to be understood through its material dimension requiring techniques and expertise that need evolving. Another level of analysis also lies in how those objects are built, so crucial an element in an urban procession that stages equipment. Those subject-object elements are firstly transient creations but they can also be offered, sold again, have a heritage significance thus changing their status or roles along their existence
Kamiejski, Rodolphe. "Enjeux des modèles politiques d'intégration pour les relations intergroupes." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF20015.
Full textThe process of social categorization is central to the psychology of intergroup relations as the cognitive basis of stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination. It is also very much involved in current political debates about integration models and ways of managing cultural and religious diversity. In order to develop an harmonious and cohesive society, should one be blind to cultural, ethnic or religious differences as advocated by the French republican tradition, and thus avoid ethnic or religious categorization, or to the contrary, should one recognize, accept and value cultural and religious differences as advocated in a multiculturalism policy? The general aim of this thesis is to examine in a systematic manner the impact of the Republican model, and of the multiculturalism model, on intergroup relations from the perspective of both majority and minority group members.In a first series of studies (N = 338), an instrument designed to measure attitudes toward the principles of the Republican model was developed. The results indicate two distinct dimensions underlying these attitudes: republican citizenship, a dimension related to positive attitudes toward multiculturalism and minority groups, and secularism, a dimension related to prejudice and conservatism. Study 3 confirms among minority group members (N = 42) that citizenship is an egalitarian dimension, positively related to integration as an acculturation strategy rather than assimilation.In a second part, Study 4 tested the experimental effects of the integration models among participants of North African origin (N = 126). The results revealed a positive effect of both models on well-being, group identification and egalitarianism. The group membership of the experimenter (minority vs. majority group member) was also shown to be important.Using the same experimental paradigm, a third and final part concerns the reactions of majority group members. Study 5 (N = 82) showed that multiculturalism is more effective than the Republican model to reduce prejudice but only when the experimenter is a majority group member. The reverse is observed when the experimenter is a member of a minority group. Study 6 (N=93) showed that this effect does not stem from the fact that the minority group member has the high status of the experimenter..Overall, the results suggest that both models can generate positive effects but that there are conditions that can prevent the materialization of these effects
Heidmann, Mickaël. "Transferts et formation des jeunes footballeurs en Europe : du " rêve sportif " à la régulation politique : une socio-ethnographie politique au coeur des institutions européennes." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01071735.
Full textLaurenceau, Marion. "A transaction cost approach for environmental policy analysis : the case of the Water Framework Directive in the Scheldt International river basin district." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00805528.
Full textRabner, Joëlle. "Les protestants évangéliques et leurs alliés aux Etats-Unis : quelle influence sur la politique étrangère américaine ?" Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0038.
Full textHow influent is the evangelical protestantism over american foreign policy? Evangelicals have established a lobby, in behalf of some well known evangelical pastors, not long after the enactment of the Civil Rights Act at the beginning of the seventies. Evangelicals traditionally more supportive of the democrats, chose therefore to give their votes to the republican party. Ronald Reagan, in close partnership with the neoconservatives, opened a space to the evangelicals while G.W. Bush while ruling the country, took into account their moral and religious considerations. Evangelical vote is a real issue for both parties in an election time. In the last decades, evangelicals have acquired an influent position in American politics along with their close allies, the neo-Conservatives and the Israël lobby, both of them defining a shared policy. On an international level, evangelicals along with neo-Conservatives are harsh defenders of Israel. Their partnership proved to be efficient, particularly concerning the enactment of the law International Religious Freedom Act ( Irfa) concerning religious freedom worldwide
Pourraz, Jessica. "Réguler et produire les médicaments contre le paludisme au Ghana et au Bénin : une affaire d’Etat ? Politiques pharmaceutiques, normes de qualité et marchés de médicaments." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0014.
Full textDespite the fact that Benin and Ghana are facing the same public health challenges with regards to malaria control, they do not deploy the same kind of drug policies to guarantee access to quality and affordable medicines for the population. Their national drug regulation authorities and local production capacities are different. These differences stem from their colonial heritage and their divergent historical, political and economic paths. Since 2004, Benin and Ghana have adopted Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACTs) to replace the old pharmaceuticals deemed ineffective for the treatment of malaria. The challenge for the two countries is the high cost of these new drugs. The WHO guidelines and international funding for the purchase of ACTs are stimulating pharmaceutical innovation and production in Europe, North America and Asia. In Benin and Ghana, an arena of transnational actors is gradually being set up to supply ACTs. They generate new supply networks that compete with existing ones in the two countries. Financial aid is conditional on the purchase of WHO prequalified ACTs, certification that the Ghanaian pharmaceutical industries do not enjoy, leaving them on the sidelines of this market. Faced with the demands and conditions imposed by transnational actors, countries have little room for maneuver in the conduct of their public policies. Based on archives, interviews and ethnographic surveys carried out with national actors in pharmaceutical regulation, Ghanaian pharmaceutical companies and transnational actors financing ACTs, this work investigates the institutional mechanisms on which the states of Benin and Ghana rely to deploy their national drug policy and build their pharmaceutical sovereignty
Nsarhaza, Bishikwabo Kizito. "La restructuration du secteur de santé et le marché informel: cas de la République Démocratique du Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212128.
Full textBertier, Gabrielle. "Implémentation clinique du séquençage de nouvelle génération en France et au Québec : une analyse multidisciplinaire des implications pour les politiques publiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30166.
Full textThe decreasing cost of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has resulted in their increased use in research, and in the clinical context. Indeed, the correct interpretation of a human genome can enable better prevention, diagnosis and treatment strategies. Significant public investments in NGS have been made in various developed nations to realise the promise of personalized medicine. Yet, today the sequencing and analysis of a patient’s exome or genome is only offered as a clinical test in a limited number of clinics around the world. France and Quebec have made sizable investments in genomics research, and France announced the launch of a genomic medicine plan in 2016. However, policy decisions still have to be made on the nation-wide clinical implementation of NGS technologies in both jurisdictions. Therefore, this project’s objective was to contribute to the body of evidence available to policymakers in France and Quebec on the clinical implementation of NGS technologies. We focused our attention on two specific NGS technologies, namely Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS), and Whole Exome Sequencing (WES). We specifically aimed to assess if the responsible and efficient use of WES/WGS data in the context of clinical care could be impeded by policy gaps. Currently, the clinical interpretation of a patient’s genome sequence data is done through the intervention of many stakeholders including basic science researchers. These researchers use bioinformatics tools, processes and norms developed for research to filter and analyse patients NGS data. In parallel, existing regulatory and normative frameworks have been developed for the use of genetic data, and include no clear definition of genomic data or genomic technologies. We hypothesised that these elements create a strong need for standardization of practices, and may require adaptations of current regulatory and normative frameworks to the context of NGS. We therefore aimed to answer three research questions: (1) What issues do technology users experience and foresee when using WES data to inform patient care? To answer this, we performed a systematic review of the literature. (2) How are patients’ NGS data currently managed (produced, analysed, interpreted and shared) in clinical institutions in Quebec and in France? We answered this by performing a case studies analysis, interrogating key stakeholders directly involved in managing patients’ NGS data in France and Quebec. (3) Are there gaps in the current regulatory and normative frameworks which should be addressed to enable a responsible and efficient standardized use of NGS data in the clinic? [...]
Lehtonen, Markku. "Environmental policy evaluation in the service of sustainable development : influence of the OECD environmental performance reviews from the perspective of institutional economics." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS021S.
Full textThis thesis examines what consequences, through which pathways, and under which circumstances, does country-level environmental policy evaluation, carried out by an intergovernmental organisation, have for institutional change towards sustainable development. The philosophical and theoretical frameworks of institutional economics are proposed as the lens through which to assess experiences from evaluation research. This is done in order to elaborate a conceptual framework for analysing the approach, the impact and the factors conditioning the influence of environmental policy evaluation in the context of sustainable development. The OECD Environmental Performance Review programme is examined through an in-depth qualitative case study approach. It is found that in spite of engendering relatively modest interest among the public, the reviews increase the legitimacy of environmental policies and authorities, and strengthen a performance-oriented environmental policy emphasising evaluation, monitoring and cost-effectiveness. These impacts operate through four parallel pathways, representing the purposes of learning and accountability. The type and intensity of influence depends on the capacity of the reviews to mobilise key change agents and to be sensitive to the context, as well as on the credibility and political weight of the OECD in the reviewed country. It is concluded that notwithstanding the distance of the prevailing OECD conception of sustainability from the institutionalist principles adopted as the benchmark for the appraisal in this thesis, the reviews contribute meaningfully to sustainable development by redressing asymmetries of power, thereby improving some of the conditions for deliberative democracy
Chicot, Julien. "Strategic use of public procurement for innovation : rationales, instruments and practices." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAE012/document.
Full textAn increasing number of OECD countries has adopted measures to encourage the use of public procurement to foster innovation. However, implementation of public procurement of innovation (PPI) is lagging behind policy discourse. The ambition of this dissertation is to address this discrepancy by assisting in the design of PPI initiatives, that is, by identifying the innovation-related failures that PPI can overcome, and the most appropriate policy instruments and practices for achieving this objective. We define eight PPI ideal-types according to the type of meso-level market of system failures they address. These failures can relate to users, producers or to their mutual interactions. We confront them with macro-level failures, and determine accordingly the contribution of each PPI ideal-type to distinct mission-oriented policies. Our typology provides a unified PPI framework associating their rationales with their design. Therefore, it contributes to policymaking, and to policy evaluation and analysis. Some PPI categories aim to spur innovation by stimulating the formation of markets. We employ an evolutionary approach to analyse the influence of PPI at the different stages of the dynamic process of market formation through a series of selected existing case studies. We demonstrate that PPI can underpin the different phases of knowledge coordination for market formation, by ensuring appropriate interactions between users and producers early in the public procurement procedure. The literature on private procurement nevertheless shows that early supplier involvement is subject to a number of micro-level failures having their root in procurement practices. Based on interviews with public procurers and suppliers, we identify relevant collaboration failures related to the standard PPI and competitive dialogue procedures. We highlight differences in these failures and their loci between the two procedures. Furthermore, public procurers and suppliers appear to have different perception of the causes of the failures they have encountered. Finally, our findings discuss the influence of the legal framework on PPI and suggest additional PPI procedures and strategies that are favoured by suppliers to varying extents. In sum, our research identifies innovation-related failures at different levels that PPI can resolve, and relevant instruments to help PPI initiative to achieve their objectives. Furthermore, it advocates a dynamic approach considering failures, instruments, and practices at different stages of public procurement procedures, and market formation and public procurer-supplier collaboration processes
Droff, Josselin. "Le facteur spatial en économie de la défense : application à l'organisation du Maintien en Condition Opérationnelle (MCO) des matériels de défense." Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0059/document.
Full textThis research discusses public policies related to the spatial organization of defense production as a public good with industrial dimensions. Our framework enables to incorporate the spatial factor in modeling such a production. How to integrate geographical space in defense economics? How does space structure the organization of defense production? Conversely, how does defense production structure space? Our research deals with the case of France and more particularly with the Maintenance Repair and Overhaul (MRO) of French defense equipment. In France, according to the Direction Générale de l’Armement, MRO costs represent between 35% and 50% of the whole life cycle cost of defense equipment. In 2012, they accounted for about 15% of total French defense budget. Optimizing MRO costs has become a top priority issue since the beginning of the 1990s. Such costs are still of concern during the 2010-2014 period, since maintenance equipment expenditures are rising about 8.7% on average. A good management of MRO aims at keeping – or improving – the availability of defense equipment while at the same time reducing MRO costs. With this objective and considering the evolution of the sizes of army sections and their equipment, the spatial organization of MRO appears as a structuring dimension from both static and dynamic perspectives. The dissertation is organized in four chapters: Chapter I is a literature review that legitimates the methodological approach adopted in this research. We survey the regional economics literature that has mainly focused on the location of defense activities within their surrounding economic environment. Chapter II examines the contemporary transformations in French defense (doctrine, budget and size of the army) in order to identify the geographic consequences of such changes. Chapter III deals with the evolution of MRO since the end of the Cold War. We study the evolution of the availability of military platforms, the MRO costs evolution and the main reforms that the French State put in place to improve the management of MRO. Chapter IV discusses the optimal spatial organization of defense MRO. Our model suggests that space provides an opportunity to optimize MRO cost. However, it remains a constraint that is hard to cope with, because of transport costs but also due to the military nature of MRO. We model a strategic constraint with an Operational Social Cost.This constraint takes into account the intrinsic specificities of military activities (e.g. availability of military platforms, strategic imposed locations). It allows us to underline and to discuss the balance of forces between agglomeration and dispersion in the production of defense MRO. The main contribution of this research is to incorporate space in modeling defense production. We defend the idea that the organization of defense production cannot be understood without taking space into account. Optimizing the defense effort is based on a spatial dimension inherent to the concept of defense itself and the territory that has to be defended. As a result, economic research about optimality in the spatial organization of defense should fit in a spatial framework. Beyond MRO matters, our methodology can be applied to other dimensions of defense and more particularly in a multinational framework with two countries, several countries or within an alliance
Pierre, Josué. "Esprit d'entreprise et croyances chrétiennes des afro-descendants en Haïti : développement socioéconomique et facteurs religieux, éducatif et politique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB069.
Full textThe links of affinity with the economy which were observed by Weber between the protestant ethics and the spirit of capitalism do not seem to be working in the middle of african descents as among westerners on economic level. Therefore, I suggested questioning this problem from observations and from a survey (investigation) of the field focusing on the object of new business start-up. It emerges several issues from it, among which indicators of mentality, issue of education and policy applied in haitian society. It follows that on historic plan, from the time of slavery until our days, social individual has been excluded and deprived of all opportunities of registering his development with prospect of creativity through education and inner influence of his religious belief. This object brings to the foreground at least the following questions: is this link too fragile to be culturally universal? Either, are religious, political and educational obstacles too numerous? Indeed, one thing is for sure, entrepreneurs and met experts have been describing a pathway full of pitfalls. But to identify weaknesses and threats, this is already power to build strategies of change and progress
Mei, Dan Michal. "Muddling through with Chinese characteristics : Beijing’s energy policy and its oil diplomacy in West Asia and North Africa." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0033.
Full textChina’s “energy diplomacy” has been the subject of much debate and controversy ever since the country became a net oil importer in 1993. Observers and analysts watched with unease as Beijing appeared to be unleashing its National Oil companies (NOCs) to compete for global oil resources and lock them up for China’s own use. China’s diplomacy has been said to be put to the service of its energy needs and ever since 1993 and oil supply security was deemed to be the utmost objective of foreign and strategic policy. This dissertation aims to challenge that view and to provide a new way of analysing the interactions between energy and diplomacy in China. It posits that the country’s overseas energy activities in the early 1990s were not the outcome of a comprehensive, rational plan devised in Beijing but rather the result of a series of incremental and disjointed policy steps taken by different actors, each pursuing their own goals and interests. It is the aim of this study to analyse how this energy diplomacy evolved by looking at the actors shaping it and the interactions between them: how did China’s overseas energy activities come about? What were their implications for China’s diplomatic strategy in the Middle East? How, and when, did oil security reach the top of the policy making agenda and what have been the main features of the policy process, from agenda setting to implementation? Is there a “Chinese grand strategy” for locking up oil? What are the tensions underlying China’s oil diplomacy?
Caurla, Sylvain. "Modélisation de la filière forêt-bois françaiseÉvaluation des impacts des politiques climatiques." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00772255.
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