Relevant bibliographies by topics / Police abolition

Academic literature on the topic 'Police abolition'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Police abolition"

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Maynard, Robyn. "Police Abolition/Black Revolt." TOPIA: Canadian Journal of Cultural Studies 41 (December 2020): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/topia-009.

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Gillespie, Kelly, and Leigh-Ann Naidoo. "Abolition Pedagogy." Critical Times 4, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 284–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/26410478-9093094.

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Abstract As the South African student movement of 2015–16 began to develop a deeper critique of the character of the transition out of apartheid and its minimal effect on the institutions of colonialism and apartheid, the administrators of postapartheid universities worked with the managers of the security infrastructure of the state to orchestrate a national police shutdown of the student and worker movement. This essay is an effort to sustain an objection to that coordinated effort, and to work through a proposal for how the new managers of the postapartheid state and university could have—should have—acted otherwise. This proposal is called abolition pedagogy, a refusal of the long-standing relationship between education and violence, and a reading of the pedagogic labor involved in antiviolence work. In the midst of the recent student protests, a 1969 exchange of letters between Theodor Adorno and Herbert Marcuse—in which Adorno justifies his having “called the police” on the student movement in Germany—was used to justify calling the police on South African students some fifty years later. This article unpacks the citation, and uses Adorno's own commitment to critique as a “force field” to show up the limitations of his position, and to call for a different mode of engagement with the difficulties and possibilities of ongoing struggle. Adorno's “force field” is contrasted with his poor reckoning with jazz and his inability to see the work of critique in jazz and by implication in many other forms. Abolition pedagogy pursues a transformative orientation to histories of violence, asking how to sustain strategies for their unmaking.
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Asafo, Dylan. "Freedom Dreaming of Abolition in Aotearoa New Zealand: A Pacific Perspective on Tiriti-based Abolition Constitutionalism." Legalities 2, no. 1 (March 2022): 82–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/legal.2022.0030.

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The global resurgence of the Black Lives Matter movement in May 2020 led to an unprecedented reckoning with the racism within Aotearoa New Zealand’s police and prison systems. For Pacific peoples, this led to reflections on the racism of the police during the dawn raids of the 1970s and the racist police violence that Pacific peoples and Māori continue to face today. Notably, when the state apologised for the dawn raids in August 2021, it failed to acknowledge, let alone make amends for, this ongoing racist violence. Therefore, as a Pacific abolitionist legal scholar, in this article I argue that Pacific peoples and wider society in Aotearoa New Zealand must hold the state to account for the inherent racism of not only the police, but prisons as well. Specifically, I argue that we must ‘freedom dream’ ( Kelley 2002 , np) of police and prison abolition by supporting calls by Māori and other criminal justice advocates to achieve abolition through constitutional transformation premised on honouring te Tiriti o Waitangi. In making this argument, I draw on Black American abolitionist legal scholar Dorothy Roberts’ concept of ‘abolition constitutionalism’, which challenges abolitionists to grapple with whether abolition can be achieved within existing constitutional frameworks ( Roberts 2019 , 122). Accordingly, I offer a Pacific perspective on Tiriti-based abolition constitutionalism which further develops the case for why abolition cannot be achieved within current constitutional arrangements within which te Tiriti o Waitangi has long been, and will continue to be, undermined by Parliament.
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Gramlich, Jack Post. "Are police obsolete in Minneapolis? Racial capitalism and police abolition." Social Science Quarterly 102, no. 7 (November 7, 2021): 3149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.13089.

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Bey, Marquis, and Jesse A. Goldberg. "Queer as in Abolition Now!" GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 28, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10642684-9608091.

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Abstract “Queer as in Abolition Now!” introduces the special issue “Queer Fire: Liberation and Abolition.” The issue brings together scholars, artists, and writers working at the intersections of queer theory, critical race studies, and radical activist movements to consider prison abolition as a project of queer liberation and queer liberation as an abolitionist project. Pushing beyond observations that prisons disproportionately harm queer people, the contributors demonstrate that gender itself is a carceral system and demand that gender and sexuality, too, be subject to abolition. Drawing on methodologies from the social sciences, humanities, and fine arts, contributors offer fresh vocabularies and analytical lenses to the ongoing work of constructing liberatory futures without prisons, police, or the tyranny of colonial gender systems.
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Sandler, Matt. "The necessity of abolition." Soundings 78, no. 78 (August 1, 2021): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/soun.78.09.2021.

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The international outpouring of abolitionist sentiment in the aftermath of the murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis in the spring of 2020 came as a surprise even to experienced activists and researchers. The context of the pandemic had thrown into stark relief the consequences of fraying commitments to social welfare and excess commitments to security, policing, and incarceration. This essay argues that the moment laid bare the necessity of abolition, not only of police and prisons but also of the industries which exacerbate ecological disaster. To support this argument on the basis of political theory and intellectual history, it returns first to W.E.B. Du Bois's account of "abolition-democracy" as prompted by a recognition of necessity. The essay then goes on to define "necessity via the philosophical dialectic of freedom and necessity, before finding that conception of abolition as necessity expressed in nineteenth century Black abolitionist thought. It concludes by returning to the present, in which the pathological freedoms of neoliberalism seem to call up the necessity of abolition in response.
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Petrychyn, Jonathan. "A Gay Killer on the Police Force: Cruising and Queer Police Abolition." Public 33, no. 65 (June 1, 2022): 327–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/public_00110_4.

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Phelps, Michelle S., Anneliese Ward, and Dwjuan Frazier. "FROM POLICE REFORM TO POLICE ABOLITION? HOW MINNEAPOLIS ACTIVISTS FOUGHT TO MAKE BLACK LIVES MATTER." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 26, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 421–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/1086-671x-26-4-421.

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The murder of George Floyd by Minneapolis Police Department (MPD) officers in 2020 was a watershed moment, triggering protests across the country and unprecedented promises by city leaders to “end” the MPD. We use interviews and archival materials to understand the roots of this decision, tracing the emergent split between activists fighting for police reform and police abolition in the wake of the initial Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests in Minneapolis. We compare the frames used by these two sets of movement actors, arguing that abolitionists deployed more radical frames to disrupt hegemonic understandings of policing, while other activists fought to resonate with the existing discursive structure. After years of police reform, Floyd’s death and the rebellion that followed gave abolitionist discourses more resonance. In the discussion, we consider the future of public safety in Minneapolis and its implications for understanding frame resonance in Black movements.
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Okechukwu, Amaka. "WATCHING AND SEEING." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 18, no. 1 (2021): 153–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x21000035.

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AbstractThis article explores grassroots practices of community safety and security in Brooklyn, New York through a framework that centers the abolitionist practices imbedded in Black neighborhood collective action. Literature on safety and security often conflates the two concepts, not considering how grounded applications of the two may produce different outcomes and approaches to community well-being. Additionally, we know little about how Black communities build safety and security from the ground up. And while academic scholarship on abolition provides a robust theoretical foundation, more examples of how communities could and do employ police abolition are needed. Utilizing archival research and oral history interviews, I argue that a crisis of police legitimacy compelled alternatives to formal policing in New York City during the urban crisis, or the postwar period of massive urban divestment and hyper-ghettoization. These efforts included masculinized security practices such as neighborhood patrols and protests, while community safety practices included forms of neighborhood sociality grounded in feminized and queer relationships of care and concern. These efforts, which critiqued institutional racism and neglect and emerged from the indigenous knowledge base and social networks of community members, provide considerations for recovering abolitionist practices in Black neighborhood collective action and implications for building alternatives to policing. This article contributes to literature on Black communities, collective action, and abolition by offering an intersectional analysis of the various ways Black social and political engagement centers on practices of safety and security and does not always fixate on conscripting a police response.
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McDowell, Meghan G., and Luis A. Fernandez. "‘Disband, Disempower, and Disarm’: Amplifying the Theory and Practice of Police Abolition." Critical Criminology 26, no. 3 (July 20, 2018): 373–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10612-018-9400-4.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Police abolition"

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Sacchi, Landriani Martino. "Naissance du moderne régime de mobilité : politique de l'identification en France (1770-1880)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H021.

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Cette recherche vise à tracer une généalogie des rationalités de gouvernement et d’identification de la mobilité du travail dans la France métropolitaine et coloniale du XIXème siècle. Gouverner la mobilité ne comporte pas un pouvoir simplement coercitif, mais plutôt un certain degré de liberté nécessaire à canaliser et orienter la circulation des individus. Plus précisément, la thèse analyse l’histoire du livret ouvrier en tant que révélateur administratif des tensions qui accompagnent la configuration, la crise et la reformulation du contrat civil classique en France. Par cette technologie d’identification on retrace aussi la genèse globale des notions historiques de travail libre, esclavage et domesticité, dont on suit les métamorphoses à la lumière des politiques de la mobilité après l’abolition de l’esclavage. Les derniers chapitres considèrent la naissance de l’État Providence et des nouvelles pratiques d’identification, telles que l’anthropométrie et les empreintes digitales, en tant que reformulations historiques du problème à la base de notre recherche : comment contrôler la force de travail sans insérer une coercition illégitime sur les corps qui en sont les porteurs? La généalogie du régime de mobilité montre la nécessité paradoxale du libéralisme de cycliquement relancer un projet universel (la généralisation de la personne juridique) afin de pouvoir définir des hiérarchies en son sein (multipliant les statuts par lesquelles l’accès à l’usage de la liberté est filtré). À partir de cette complication on peut repenser le rapport entre souveraineté, État et marché mondial
In this research, we genealogically trace the emergence of modern rationality in the government of the mobility of labor in France and its colonies in the XIX century. Governing mobility does not imply a purely coercive power, but rather a certain degree of freedom, necessary to channel and orient the circulation of individuals. More precisely, this PhD thesis analyses the history of the livret ouvrier as administrative markers of the tensions characterizing the configuration, the crisis, and the reformulation of classic civil contract in France. This technology of identification also allows us to trace the global genesis of the historical notions of free labor, slavery, and domesticity, following their evolution through the politics of mobility after the abolition of slavery. The last chapters survey the birth of the welfare state and of new forms of identification, such as anthropometry and fingerprinting, as historical reconfigurations of the underlying question of our investigation: how to control labor power without introducing an illegitimate coercion on the bodies carrying it? The genealogy of mobility regime shows the paradoxical necessity of liberalism to periodically reformulate a universal project (the generalization of the juridical person) in order to organize internal hierarchies (by multiplying the statutes through which the effective access to freedom is filtered). Through the lens of this co-implication we can rethink the relationship between sovereignty, State and world market
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Williams, Emma Peyton. "Dreaming of Abolitionist Futures, Reconceptualizing Child Welfare: Keeping Kids Safe in the Age of Abolition." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1592141173476542.

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陸慧冰 and Wai-bing Wanda Luk. "Abolition of the Municipal Councils: an examination to the policy making process." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31966925.

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Luk, Wai-bing Wanda. "Abolition of the Municipal Councils : an examination to the policy making process /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25138741.

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Morris, Margaret M. "Analysis of the Anti-uranium Movements' response to the abolition of the Three Named Uranium Mine policy /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envm8768.pdf.

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Ohba, Asayo. "Policy intention and its consequences : who gains access from the abolition of secondary school fees in Kenya?" Thesis, University of Sussex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508972.

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Strauss, Catherine. "Mapping the carnival: conceptions of public safety in conservative prison policy and in the work of prison abolition." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106251.

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In this thesis I examine a punitive moment in Canadian corrections policy and practice that began in 2006 with the Conservative Party's election to office. I consider this moment through its founding policy document, A Roadmap to Strengthening Public Safety. The Roadmap's key punitive arguments are based in its construction of a Changing Offender Profile, a term that draws upon the archetypal colonial constructions of the lawless Native offender and the law-abiding Canadian national. These constructions still inform dominant notions of 'prisoner' and 'public' today. In contrast, the political theatre piece Parole Sans Parole rejects the neoliberal citizen-making project of both the Roadmap and parole policies. It reverses positions of power through techniques of the carnival, linking the physical and political safety of the non-incarcerated to the safety of the incarcerated. This performance strategy radically alters the position of the public in relation to the lives of prisoners and parolees and the issues they face in the current state of Canadian imprisonment.
Dans ce mémoire j'examine une période punitive de la politique correctionnelle Canadienne qui a débuté en 2006 lorsque le Parti Conservateur a été porté au pouvoir. J'étudie cette période par le biais de son document politique fondateur, La Feuille de route pour une sécurité publique accrue. Les argumentspunitifs clé de la Feuille de route sont basés sur sa construction du concept de « profil de contrevenant en pleine évolution », une idée qui tire ses sources des archétypes colonialistes du contrevenant amérindien hors-la-loi et du citoyen canadien profondément respectueux de la loi. Aujourd'hui, ces constructionscontinuent à influencer les notions dominantes de ce qu'est un « prisonnier » ou un « public ». En opposition avec cette vision, la pièce de théâtre politique Parole Sans Parole rejette le projet néo-libéral de créer le citoyen idéal, projet qui sous-tend la Feuille de route et les politiques de mise en libération conditionnelle. La pièce utilise des techniques du carnavalèsque pour renverser les positions de pouvoir et montre que la sécurité physique et politique des personnes en liberté est étroitement liée à la sécurité des personnes incarcérées. Cette stratégie théâtrale transforme radicalement la position du public en rapport avec la vie des personnes détenues et placées en libération conditionnelle et les enjeux auxquels elles sont confrontées dans l'état actuel du système carcéral canadien.
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Basuki, Hardo. "The impact of the 1997 abolition of the tax credit on dividends in the UK and corporate dividend policy." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424251.

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Sato, Midori. "Exploring health facilities' experiences in implementing the free health care policy in Nepal : which organisational factors influence the implementation of the user-fee abolition policy?" Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590542.

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Radford, Alan. "An enquiry into the abolition of the Inner London Education Authority (1964-1988) : with particular reference to politics and policy making." Thesis, University of Bath, 2009. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.512371.

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The Inner London Education Authority (ILEA) (1964 – 1990) was abolished by the Education Reform Act, 1988. This ended an unitary system of education that had existed in inner London for over a hundred years. This thesis examines the question of the political reasons and motivations for the ILEA’s abolition, considering both the move to the right by the Conservative party which abolished it, and the move to the left by the Labour party. In effect the polarisation of politics left little room for the form of pragmatic politics and policies which had enabled the ILEA to develop under previous Conservative and Labour administrations. Under these conditions the radical step to abolish the ILEA became possible. Given this political climate the question is asked as to whether there were good grounds for the abolition of the ILEA, over and above ideological considerations. Two strategies are adopted to answer this question. The first examines the history and processes of policy making with reference to the support for Special Educational Needs and Adult, Further and Higher Education. These may be considered ‘success stories’ while a third case, that of William Tyndale, considers whether there were also weaknesses in the ILEA’s policy processes. The second examines the claims that the ILEA tolerated low standards in education and failed to give value for money. It is concluded that the evidence does not sustain the claims made against the ILEA and that therefore, its demise can better be explained by the polarisation of politics at the time.
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Books on the topic "Police abolition"

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Woods, Tryon P. Pandemic Police Power, Public Health and the Abolition Question. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93031-8.

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The abolition of cash: America's $660 billion burden. Santa Rosa, CA: David R. Warwick, 2015.

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Gallagher, Maggie. The abolition of marriage: How we destroy lasting love. Washington, D.C: Regnery, 1996.

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Imparsial, Tim. A long way to the abolition of the death penalty in Indonesia: A policy study in Indonesia. Menteng, Jakarta: Imparsial, 2004.

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Gutch, Richard. After abolition: A report on the impact of abolition of the Metropolitan County Councils and the Greater London Council on the voluntary sector and the outlook for the future. London: National Council for Voluntary Organisations in conjunctions with London Voluntary Service Council, 1987.

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Goreham, Richard A. Language rights and the Court Challenges program: A review of its accomplishments and impact of its abolition. [Ottawa]: The Commissioner, 1992.

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Kaba, Mariame, and Andrea J. Ritchie. No More Police: A Case for Abolition. New Press, The, 2022.

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Disarm, Defund, Dismantle: Police Abolition in Canada. Between the Lines, 2022.

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Pasternak, Shiri, Kevin Walby, and Nancy Van Styvendale. Disarm, Defund, Dismantle: Police Abolition in Canada. Between the Lines, 2022.

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Kaba, Mariame, and Andrea J. Ritchie. No More Police: A Case for Abolition. New Press, The, 2022.

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Book chapters on the topic "Police abolition"

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Jauregui, Beatrice. "Police ethnography, extraction, and abolition." In Routledge International Handbook of Police Ethnography, 353–72. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003083795-25.

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Farmer, Ashley K. "Are the Police Really Necessary? Questions about Police Abolition." In Justice and Legitimacy in Policing, 138–53. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003285267-10.

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Woods, Tryon P. "Reform, Violence, Capital, and Prison Abolition." In Pandemic Police Power, Public Health and the Abolition Question, 43–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93031-8_3.

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Woods, Tryon P. "Conclusion: The Abolition Question for Medical Science." In Pandemic Police Power, Public Health and the Abolition Question, 253–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93031-8_8.

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Woods, Tryon P. "Introduction: Racial Sacrifice and Abolition in the Pandemic Year." In Pandemic Police Power, Public Health and the Abolition Question, 1–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93031-8_1.

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Woods, Tryon P. "The Police Power of Finance, Technology, Housing, and Education." In Pandemic Police Power, Public Health and the Abolition Question, 87–108. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93031-8_4.

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Woods, Tryon P. "Evaluating COVID-19 Testing, Infection, Mortality, Treatment, and Vaccines." In Pandemic Police Power, Public Health and the Abolition Question, 109–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93031-8_5.

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Woods, Tryon P. "Reconceptualizing How Policing Works." In Pandemic Police Power, Public Health and the Abolition Question, 27–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93031-8_2.

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Woods, Tryon P. "Black Life-Matters, Medical Racism, and Health Self-Determination." In Pandemic Police Power, Public Health and the Abolition Question, 217–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93031-8_7.

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Woods, Tryon P. "Efficacy, Eugenics, and Law in the Modern Vaccine Regime." In Pandemic Police Power, Public Health and the Abolition Question, 163–216. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93031-8_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Police abolition"

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Tyszka, Konrad, and Michał Jagosz. "Polish music press in the face of systemic change in 1989 as an example of cultural transformation in post-communist countries." In 6th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.06.09103t.

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The systemic transformation has significantly increased and diversified the music press market. Liquidation of the monopoly, privatization, censorship abolition and media pluralism are just some of the factors that contributed to shaping new cultural policy in Poland. The research material used for this paper’s analytical purposes consists of Polish music magazines; based on a query covering over 110 journals being published since 1946 to the present, a historical and comparative analysis was made. It allowed to determine what new solutions the publishers started to put into practice to make their magazines more attractive. Moreover, it showed a clear fragmentation of the market. After ’89, popular music magazines began to prevail; there are also many specialist journals devoted to a specific topic. A look at cultural transformation from the perspective of the music press is therefore an innovative idea, combining knowledge from the borderline of musicology, cultural studies, and press studies.
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Tyszka, Konrad, and Michał Jagosz. "Polish music press in the face of systemic change in 1989 as an example of cultural transformation in post-communist countries." In 6th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.06.09103t.

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The systemic transformation has significantly increased and diversified the music press market. Liquidation of the monopoly, privatization, censorship abolition and media pluralism are just some of the factors that contributed to shaping new cultural policy in Poland. The research material used for this paper’s analytical purposes consists of Polish music magazines; based on a query covering over 110 journals being published since 1946 to the present, a historical and comparative analysis was made. It allowed to determine what new solutions the publishers started to put into practice to make their magazines more attractive. Moreover, it showed a clear fragmentation of the market. After ’89, popular music magazines began to prevail; there are also many specialist journals devoted to a specific topic. A look at cultural transformation from the perspective of the music press is therefore an innovative idea, combining knowledge from the borderline of musicology, cultural studies, and press studies.
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Hamidah, Nur, and Setyabudi Indartono. "The Policy of Commercialization Abolition in Indonesia Equality Education Effort: The Explanation of the Coleman’s Report." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Social Science and Character Educations (ICoSSCE 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200130.022.

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Alamanova, Chinara. "Experience of Economic Integration of Kyrgyzstan within the Framework of the Eurasian Economic Union." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02188.

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At present, practically all countries of the world are involved in integration processes. However, at the present stage, the mechanism of integration interaction is not sufficiently regulated, as evidenced by the experience of integration of the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. The history of various integration groupings, along with regularities, carries in itself essential features of historical uniqueness. This determines the theoretical and practical relevance of the research topic. In the article, the example of Kyrgyzstan explores the experience of the country's integration into an integration association. Practice has revealed not only positive results, but also negative unpredictable consequences. Such experience requires scientific and practical study and will be useful for further improvement of economic integration processes. The abolition of customs control has enabled the development of an illegal flow of goods both to Kyrgyzstan and from Kyrgyzstan. The change in tariffs of the Eurasian Economic Union for third countries may lead to a reduction in multilateral trade. Russia's application of anti-sanctions to individual countries violates the first basic principle of integration: the trade policy of the four members of the Eurasian Economic Union is becoming less coherent. The difficult access of goods due to the application of restrictive measures in relation to the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union is noted. To achieve the integration result, the following conditions are necessary: Conducting a harmonious trade integration policy, Implementation of political (institutional) integration, General political support for integration plans, including by third countries.
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Alade, Idowu Mojeed. "In Quest for Sanctity and Inviolability of Human Life: Capital Punishment in Herodotus Book 1." In 27th iSTEAMS-ACity-IEEE International Conference. Society for Multidisciplinary and Advanced Research Techniques - Creative Research Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/isteams-2021/v27p33.

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It is a common knowledge that workers both in the public and private sector spends their wages on critical needs such as rent, school fees, food, transportation, recharge cards and healthcare (moller,2004). They are also predominantly expose to economic risk, natural risk, health risk, life cycle risks, policy based and institutional risks, social and political risk (Geneva, ILO-STEP). Various government including Nigeria, historically have been able to introduce some forms of ad-hoc interventions programmes such as mortgage rent reduction, reduction in taxes, cancellation or postponement of loan payment and other form of direct subsidies (Townsend, 1994). Majority of these measures are privileges and not “right” in most developing countries including Nigeria (Sigma, 2005; UNDP 2003). Practiced in almost all ancient and traditional societies, with debates for and against, among lawgivers and philosophers, Capital punishment, also known as death penalty, was a part of the Athenian Greek law code as early as the time of Draco during the 7th Century BC. The debates and controversies continue until date. Is it just, unjust or a false justice? As at the year 2018, according to Amnesty International,1 55 countries of modern civilized world retain death penalty while a certain number have completely abolished it. Herodotus, the ancient Greek historian, in his Histories, record many instances of state sanctioned capital punishments. This paper, an attempt to accentuate the unjust nature of capital punishment and support its complete universal abolition, identifies three references to death penalty in Herodotus Book 1: combing, impaling and stoning. Book I of Herodotus was context analysed and interpreted with evidence from other relevant literary and historical sources. Arguments for death penalty include serving as deterrent to potential offenders and some sort of justice for the victims and family, especially in the case of murder; and the state, in the case of treason and other capital offences. Findings, however, revealed that capital punishment seldom curb potential criminals and might embittered and encouraged grievous crimes while discoveries of errors in judgment, among other reasons, could make death sentences unjust. The paper concluded by recommending prevention of such crimes necessitating capital punishments and proffered making greater efforts towards total abolition. Keywords: Capital punishment, Herodotus, Herodotus Histories, Justice, Death penalty.
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6

Hušek, Petr. "Pozice romského poradce jako příklad regionální disparity romské integrace v České republice." In XXIII. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách / 23rd International Colloquium on Regional Sciences. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9610-2020-55.

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The paper focuses on regional disparities in ensuring the delegated powers of exercising the rights of Roma minority, specifically on the position of Roma adviser in municipalities with extended powers. Available data, national documents, policy papers are starting point for analysis of changing institutional back-up of the position of Roma adviser as a tool for ensuring the integration of the Roma minority at the regional level. Subsequently, there is a comparison of regional disparities in the positions of Roma advisor at the regional level. Reasons for observed disparities are identified in the persistent legislative vacuum, which arose after the abolition of district councils accompanied by the transfer of the delegated powers of exercising the rights of members of the Roma community to the municipalities with extended powers. Regional authorities are unable to enforce the establishment of the position of Roma advisor in municipalities with extended powers. Therefore, many municipalities prefer to not have any Roma advisor at all, or mostly Roma advisor became part time-job. Sometimes reluctance to ensure the Roma integration agenda by municipalities is on rise, which we can finally be seen on the three main types of argumentation lines used to defend the non-existence of the position of Roma advisor in the administrative architecture of municipalities.
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7

SIMONE, Pierluigi. "THE RECASTING OF THE OTTOMAN PUBLIC DEBT AND THE ABOLITION OF THE CAPITULATIONS REGIME IN THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ACTION OF TURKEY LED BY MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATÜRK." In 9. Uluslararası Atatürk Kongresi. Ankara: Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Yayınları, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51824/978-975-17-4794-5.64.

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The recast of the international debt contracted by the former Ottoman Empire and the overcoming of the capitulations regime that had afflicted Turkey for centuries, are two of the most relevant sectors in which the political and diplomatic action promoted by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk has been expressed. Extremely relevant in this regard are the different disciplines established, respectively, by the Treaty of Sèvres in 1920 and then by the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923. After the Ottoman Government defaulted in 1875, an agreement (the Decree of Muharrem) was concluded in 1881 between the Ottoman Government and representatives of its foreign and domestic creditors for the resumption of payments on Ottoman bonds, and a European control of a part of the Imperial revenues was instituted through the Administration of the Ottoman Public Debt. At the same time, the Ottoman Empire was burdened by capitulations, conferring rights and privileges in favour of their subjects resident or trading in the Ottoman lands, following the policy towards European States of the Byzantine Empire. According to these capitulations, traders entering the Ottoman Empire were exempt from local prosecution, local taxation, local conscription, and the searching of their domicile. The capitulations were initially made during the Ottoman Empire’s military dominance, to entice and encourage commercial exchanges with Western merchants. However, after dominance shifted to Europe, significant economic and political advantages were granted to the European Powers by the Ottoman Empire. Both regimes, substantially maintained by the Treaty of Sèvres, were considered unacceptable by the Nationalist Movement led by Mustafa Kemal and therefore became the subject of negotiations during the Conference of Lausanne. The definitive overcoming of both of them, therefore represents one of the most evident examples of the reacquisition of the full sovereignty of the Republic of Turkey.
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Hromcová, Martina, and Anna Tomová. "The importance of scheduled air traffic for airport existence." In Práce a štúdie. University of Zilina, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/pas.z.2021.2.11.

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The importance of scheduled air transport for the existence of airports is a topic that is constantly relevant, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic, which has negatively affected operations at all world airports, disrupted its regularity and thus its direct and indirect effects on the region. This work focuses on airports dependent on the operation of scheduled air transport from several perspectives. After an initial study of the available literature on the importance of scheduled air transport for the existence of airports, we defined the terms demand and supply factors of the airport influencing scheduled air transport. One of the key parts of the work is the calculation of the critical number of airport movements, which represents the break even point in the amount of production in which the airport shows no loss but also no profit. The reasons for the abolition of scheduled air services, such as the occurrence of a military conflict near the airport or insufficient research of the demand for air traffic in the area, are described in the chapter analyzing European and global airports with canceled scheduled air traffic in individual case studies. The chapter also deals with the alternative uses of airports themselves, which were forced to terminate their function for the public. Airports and their equipment are highly specialized for use in air transport operations and therefore operators and their subsequent owners often face difficulties in finding alternative uses. An essential part of this work is an analysis of the response of selected European airports to the outbreak of Covid-19 in 2020 and a comparison of the number of passengers carried at these airports in 2019 and 2020. The final chapter contains a summary of findings and the call to change transport policies in the benefit of airports and their protection from future aviation pitfalls such as the Covid-19 pandemic.
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