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Academic literature on the topic 'Polaritonic waves'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Polaritonic waves"

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Kempa, K., and A. Rose. "Negative refraction of photonic and polaritonic waves in periodic structures." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences 57, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10175-010-0102-7.

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Negative refraction of photonic and polaritonic waves in periodic structuresNegative refraction can be achieved in photonic crystals. We briefly summarize recent studies in this field, and show that such effects are also possible in polaritonic and plasmonic structures, such as the dipole crystal. We propose a practical realization of this crystal, a periodic lattice of dielectric spheres. We study its mode structure, and preliminary results demonstrate the negative refraction on a polaritonic band.
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Poulin, Mathieu, Steven Giannacopoulos, and Maksim Skorobogatiy. "Surface Wave Enhanced Sensing in the Terahertz Spectral Range: Modalities, Materials, and Perspectives." Sensors 19, no. 24 (December 13, 2019): 5505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19245505.

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The terahertz spectral range (frequencies of 0.1–10 THz) has recently emerged as the next frontier in non-destructive imaging and sensing. Here, we review amplitude-based and phase-based sensing modalities in the context of the surface wave enhanced sensing in the terahertz frequency band. A variety of surface waves are considered including surface plasmon polaritons on metals, semiconductors, and zero gap materials, surface phonon polaritons on polaritonic materials, Zenneck waves on high-k dielectrics, as well as spoof surface plasmons and spoof Zenneck waves on structured interfaces. Special attention is paid to the trade-off between surface wave localization and sensor sensitivity. Furthermore, a detailed theoretical analysis of the surface wave optical properties as well as the sensitivity of sensors based on such waves is supplemented with many examples related to naturally occurring and artificial materials. We believe our review can be of interest to scientists pursuing research in novel high-performance sensor designs operating at frequencies beyond the visible/IR band.
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Shen, Jialiang, Zhiren Zheng, Thao Dinh, Chuanyu Wang, Mingyuan Chen, Pengyu Chen, Qiong Ma, Pablo Jarillo-Herrero, Lixing Kang, and Siyuan Dai. "Hyperbolic phonon polaritons with positive and negative phase velocities in suspended α-MoO3." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 11 (March 14, 2022): 113101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0085224.

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Sample suspension is a valuable method to improve the mechanical, thermal, electronic, and optical properties of low-dimensional materials. In terms of confined light-matter waves—the polaritons, sample suspension can elongate the wavelength of polaritons with a positive phase velocity. Previous work demonstrates a wavelength elongation of ∼10% for hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPPs) in uniaxial crystals of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). In this work, we report the alteration of HPPs in biaxial α-phase molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3) by sample suspension. Our combined infrared nano-imaging experiments and electromagnetic theory reveal a wavelength elongation > 60% and a propagation length increase > 140%, due to the simultaneous wavelength elongation and dissipation elimination in the suspended specimen. We have also examined HPPs in α-MoO3 with a negative phase velocity. The sample suspension shortens the HPP wavelength and simultaneously reduces the dissipation due to the unique permittivity tensor. The HPPs with improved figures of merits in the suspended specimen may be developed for nano-polaritonic circuits, biochemical sensing, emission engineering, and energy transfer.
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Логинов, Д. К., П. А. Белов, И. Я. Герловин, and И. В. Игнатьев. "Влияние электрического поля на движущийся экситон в GaAs." Физика и техника полупроводников 55, no. 9 (2021): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftp.2021.09.51294.24.

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A theoretical modeling of the interference of polaritonic waves propagating across a quantum well in the presence of a tilted electric field is performed. It is demonstrated that the interference patterns are constructive and destructive at different strengths of electric field. This phenomenon is described by the linear-in-K term in the exciton Hamiltonian.
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Kapelewski, J. "Polaritonic Microwave Waves of Inclined Incidence in Some Magnetodielectric Superlattices." Acta Physica Polonica A 122, no. 5 (November 2012): 833–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.122.833.

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Gunawan, Vincensius. "calculated attenuated total reflection (ATR) for analyzing surface plasmon polaritons." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 10, no. 11 (November 4, 2022): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v10i11.p01.

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The electromagnetic waves propagate in the interface between metal and dielectric can be simply called surface plasmon polariton. The surface plasmon polaritons were produced by the coupling of incoming electromagnetic waves and collective vibrations of free charges on metal surface. The generation of surface polaritons may be done using attenuated total reflection (ATR) method which was based on total internal reflection. The method can be performed numerically by analyzing reflections on each involved interfaces. The generated surface plasmon polaritons were represented by the appearance of the dip in the ATR spectroscopy. In this paper, we presented the ATR spectroscopy for surface plasmon polaritons generated on gold-castor oil interface. The results showed the predicted dispersion relation from calculated ATR of the surface plasmons polaritons were in good agreement with the dispersion relation from the theory.
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Kojima, Seiji. "Broadband Terahertz Spectroscopy of Phonon-Polariton Dispersion in Ferroelectrics." Photonics 5, no. 4 (December 3, 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics5040055.

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Electromagnetic waves at frequencies below the X-ray region strongly couple to the optical vibrational modes in a solid. These coupled excitations have been called phonon polaritons. The relationship of the polariton frequency versus the polariton wavevector shows a remarkable dispersion, especially in the vicinity of the transverse and longitudinal optical mode frequencies. The significant frequency dependence enables valuable applications such as a tunable terahertz radiation source. The polariton dispersion relations of technologically important dielectric and ferroelectric crystals were reviewed in the broad terahertz range using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, far-infrared spectroscopy, and Raman scattering spectroscopy.
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Filatov, Vladimir, Vladimir Gorelik, and Svetlana Pichkurenko. "Stimulated Axion-Like Bipolariton Generation in the Globular Photonic Crystal." Materials Science Forum 1047 (October 18, 2021): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1047.134.

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Axion is the dark particle introduced to the quantum chromodynamics to solve the strong CP-problem. Because of its dark nature, there are many indirect evidences, but axion itself have not been registered till now. In the paper, we report the observation of dark axion-like particles formed by the polariton coupling in the resonant microcavity of a globular photonic crystal. To overcome the very small cross-section, we use the Bose-Einstein condensation of polaritons into the nearest-to-the-surface microcavity of an opal-like globular photonic crystal. This way, the synchronicity conditions are met and all polaritons have the same wavefunction to be coupled. Moreover, the giant density of states of a Bose-condensate makes polariton coupling not only allowed but stimulated. At the experiment, we observe “Light Shining through a Wall” Primakoff effect which proves dark particles. The additional spectral peak at the unitary polariton line of a maximal transparency of a crystal allows to differ bipolaritons from other particles. The results can be used not only to generate dark particles at a lab, but also to get a laboratory source of an optical-frequency gravitational waves.
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Walla, Frederik, Matthias M. Wiecha, Nicolas Mecklenbeck, Sabri Beldi, Fritz Keilmann, Mark D. Thomson, and Hartmut G. Roskos. "Anisotropic excitation of surface plasmon polaritons on a metal film by a scattering-type scanning near-field microscope with a non-rotationally-symmetric probe tip." Nanophotonics 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2017-0042.

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AbstractWe investigated the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons on gold films with the metallized probe tip of a scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope (s-SNOM). The emission of the polaritons from the tip, illuminated by near-infrared laser radiation, was found to be anisotropic and not circularly symmetric as expected on the basis of literature data. We furthermore identified an additional excitation channel via light that was reflected off the tip and excited the plasmon polaritons at the edge of the metal film. Our results, while obtained for a non-rotationally-symmetric type of probe tip and thus specific for this situation, indicate that when an s-SNOM is employed for the investigation of plasmonic structures, the unintentional excitation of surface waves and anisotropic surface wave propagation must be considered in order to correctly interpret the signatures of plasmon polariton generation and propagation.
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Kondratyev, V., D. Permyakov, V. Kravtsov, D. N. Krizhanovskii, and A. K. Samusev. "Probing guided monolayer semiconductor polaritons below the light line." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2015, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2015/1/012069.

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Abstract In this work, we demonstrate an approach to study exciton-polaritons supported by transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers coupled to an unstructured planar waveguide below the light line. In order to excite and probe such waves propagating along the interface with the evanescent fields exponentially decaying away from the guiding layer, we employ a hemispherical ZnSe solid immersion lens (SIL) precisely positioned in the vicinity of the sample. We visualize the dispersion of guided polaritons using back focal (Fourier) plane imaging spectroscopy with the high-NA objective lens focus brought to the center of SIL. This results in the effective numerical aperture of the system exceeding an exceptional value of 2.2 in the visible range. In the experiment, we study guided polaritons supported by a WS2 monolayer transferred on top of a Ta2O5 plane-parallel optical waveguide. We confirm room-temperature strong light-matter coupling regime enhanced by ultra-low intrinsic ohmic and radiative losses of the waveguide. Note that in the experiment, total radiative losses can be broadly tuned by controlling SIL-to-sample distance. This gives a valuable degree of freedom for the study of polariton properties. Our approach lays the ground for future studies of light-matter interaction employing guided modes and surface waves.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polaritonic waves"

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Rose, Alec Daniel. "All-angle negative refraction of photonic and polaritonic waves in three-dimensionally periodic structures." Thesis, Boston College, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/685.

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Thesis advisor: Krzysztof Kempa
Though nature provides a plethora of materials to work with, their properties are very much restricted, forcing severe limitations on the devices that are built from them. A huge portion of current technology stands to be significantly advanced and even revolutionized by the emergence of a new class of “configurable” materials. This class, generally referred to as metamaterials, has become more feasible than ever due to advancements in nanotechnology and fabrication techniques. Notable among nature’s limitations is an ever-positive index of refraction. This barrier has only recently been broken, and the known paths to negative refraction are few and limited. This paper introduces two distinct three-dimensional crystals capable of all-angle negative refraction. One uses the familiar photonic band, while the other is the first of its kind to rely on polaritonic waves. Their mode structures are examined and a set of parameters are chosen at which a negative effective index of refraction can be harnessed for unrestricted sub-wavelength lensing, demonstrated via numerical simulation. This work is expected to enable experimental observation of polaritonic negative refraction and sub-wavelength lensing at microwave frequencies
Thesis (BS) — Boston College, 2009
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: College Honors Program
Discipline: Physics
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Marini, Andrea. "Theory of nonlinear and amplified surface plasmon polaritons." Thesis, University of Bath, 2011. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547873.

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This thesis presents a study of Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPPs) in hybrid metal-dielectric waveguides. The embedding of metal in nanostructured photonic components allows for manipulating and guiding light at the subwavelength scale. Such an extreme confinement enhances the nonlinear response of the dielectric medium, which is important for applications in optical processing of information, but is paid in terms of considerable ohmic loss in the metal. It is, however, possible to embed externally pumped active inclusions in the dielectric in order to compensate for the metal loss. A novel perturbative theory for Maxwell equations is introduced and applied to various nonlinear metal-dielectric structures, deriving the propagation equation for the optical field. The nonlinear dispersion law for amplified SPPs, filamentation and dissipative plasmon-soliton formation have been studied, revealing intrinsic core and tail instabilities that prevent solitons to propagate over long distances. Stable propagation of plasmon-solitons can be achieved in insulator-metal-insulator structures with active and passive interfaces. The active SPP is coupled with the passive SPP, which absorbs the perturbations destabilising the zero background of the soliton. Theoretical modelling of optical propagation in metal-dielectric stacks predicts a modified two-band structure, allowing for gap/discrete plasmon-soliton formation. Loss and nonlinear parameters in subwavelength nanowire waveguides are evaluated and compared to the results obtained by other research groups. In all calculations, particular attention is paid in considering boundary conditions accounting for loss and nonlinear corrections, which contribute to the propagation equation with a surface term that becomes significant in the subwavelength regime.
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HICKERNELL, ROBERT KERR. "NONLINEAR AND MAGNETO-OPTIC EFFECTS ON LONG-RANGE SURFACE PLASMON POLARITONS." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184145.

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The properties of surface plasmon polaritons which propagate in optically nonlinear or magnetic media are investigated. Expressions for the electromagnetic fields of a multilayer stack are derived by modification of the Fresnel reflection coefficients. Original research on prism-coupled, nonlinear, long-range surface plasmon polaritons, and on bound and prism-coupled, long-range surface magnetoplasmon polaritons in a transversely-applied magnetic field, is compared to previous research on single-interface plasmon polaritons. The reflectance from prism-coupled, nonlinear surface plasmons is analyzed using the infinite plane-wave approximation and a substrate nonlinearity which depends on the square of the transverse-electric field. Bistable switching requires incident intensities two orders of magnitude smaller for the long-range mode than for the single-interface mode. The regime in which the approximations are valid is shown to extend beyond that of first-order perturbation theory to guided waves that are very near cutoff. The sign and location of the nonlinearity become significant for these waves. For positive nonlinearities, nonlinear wave analysis indicates an additional branch of the reflected intensity curve, due to self-focussing of the guided wave. Positive and negative nonlinearities exhibit different switching intensities. The propagation constant of the long-range surface plasmon of a magnetic metal film is shifted by the application of a transverse magnetic field. The sign and magnitude of the shift are highly dependent on the metal thickness and the refractive indices of the bounding media. The shift is manifested experimentally as a resonant modulation of the reflectance from the prism-coupled surface plasmon due to changes in the angular position and width of the plasmon resonance. Experimental prism-coupling to the long-range surface magnetoplasmon in thin nickel films confirms the theoretical expectations for a wide variety of sample parameters. The phase of the magneto-optic coefficient is determined from the angular profile of the reflectance modulation. Although the shift of the propagation constant may be two orders of magnitude smaller for the long-range mode, the modulation signal is the same order of magnitude for long-range and single-interface magnetoplasmons.
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Ye, Fan. "Surface plasmon polaritons along metal surfaces with novel structures." Thesis, Boston College, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:103747.

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Thesis advisor: Michael J. Naughton
Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are hybridized quasiparticles of photons and electron density waves. They are confined to propagate along metal-dielectric interfaces, and decay exponentially along the direction perpendicular to the interfaces. In the past two decades, SPPs have drawn intensive attention and undergone rapid development due to their potential for application in a vast range of fields, including but not limited to subwavelength imaging, biochemical/biomedical sensing, enhanced light trapping for solar cells, and plasmonic logic gates. These applications utilize the following intrinsic properties of SPPs: (1) the wavelength of SPPs is shorter (and can be much shorter) than that of free photons with the same frequency; (2) the local electric field intensity associated with SPPs can be orders of magnitude larger than that of free photons; and (3) SPPs are bound to metal surfaces, and are thus easily modulated by the geometry of those surfaces. Here, we present studies on SPPs along metal surfaces with novel structures, including the following: (1) SPP standing waves formed along circular metal surfaces that lead to a "plasmonic halo" effect; (2) directional reflectionless conversion between free photons and SPPs in asymmetric metal-insulator-metal arrays; and (3) broadband absorbance enhancement of embedded metallic nanopatterns in a photovoltaic absorber layer. These works may prove useful for new schemes for SPP generation, plasmon-photon modulation, ultrasensitive dielectric/bio sensing, and high efficiency thin film solar cells
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2014
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Physics
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Zimmer, Frank E. "Matter-wave optics of dark-state polaritons applications to interferometry and quantum information /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=982522533.

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Achlan, Moustafa. "Surface Plasmon Polariton and Wave Guide Modes in a Six Layer Thin Film Stack." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS109.

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Dans cette thèse, nous étudions les propriétés optiques d'un système multicouche (air-Au-SiO₂-Au-Ti-verre). Les interfaces sont planes et la modélisation est réalisée en utilisant les coefficients de Fresnel à l'interface et la propagation d'ondes planes dans les couches. Deux modèles sont utilisés où l'échantillon est : i) excité par une source à l'infini ; ii) excité par une source locale. Dans l'expérience que nous avons modélisée l'empilement est excité par les électrons tunnel inélastiques dans un microscope à effet tunnel (STM). Dans le modèle, le courant tunnel inélastique est remplacé par un dipôle oscillant vertical. En utilisant ces modèles, nous avons calculé les flux réfléchis (reflectance) et transmis (transmittance) d'une source de lumière à l'infini et le flux transmis de l'excitation locale. La reflectance, transmittance et le flux transmis montrent des modes plasmoniques (surface plasmon polaritons (SPP)) et photoniques (guide d'onde (WG)). A des longueurs d'onde particulières, les courbes de dispersion des SPP et WG présentent un croisement évité. Le choix des épaisseurs d'or et de silice a deux contraintes: une amplitude importante des observables et une large dépendance en longueurs d'onde du vecteur d'onde dans le plan. Nous étudions aussi l'influence des épaisseurs sur les observables. Nous avons trouvé que les observables ont des amplitudes importantes à pour une épaisseur d'or de [10, 90 nm] pour l'empilement de trois couches et de [10, 50 nm] pour celui de six couches. Les modes de guide d'onde apparaissent pour une épaisseur de la couche de silice de >190 nm. Afin de caractériser la localisation du champ dans l'empilement et déterminer la nature du mode, nous avons calculé le champ électrique en fonction de la coordonnée de pénétration z. Nous avons trouvé que pour le mode SPP le champ est localisé à l'interface Au-air, tandis que le champ électrique du guide d'onde est confiné dans la couche de silice. Les résultats théoriques présentés sont en bon accord avec les résultats des études expérimentales menées dans notre groupe
In this thesis, we investigate the optical properties of a six-layer stack (air-Au-SiO₂-Au-Ti-glass). The interfaces are flat and the modeling is performed using elementary Fresnel expressions at the interface and plane wave propagation in the layers. Two models are used where the sample is: i) excited by a source at infinity (excitation by source at infinity (ESI)); ii) excited by a local source. In the experiments we are modeling this source consists of the inelastic tunneling electrons from a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). In our modeling this source is replaced by a vertical oscillating dipole. Using these two models one calculates the reflected (reflectance) and the transmitted (transmittance) flux from a source at infinity and the transmitted flux of a local source. Surface plasmon polariton (SPP) and wave guide (WG) modes may be identified in the reflectance, transmittance and transmitted flux. In a particular wavelength domain the SPP and WG repel each other giving rise to an avoided crossing. The choice of the gold (Au) and silica (SiO₂) thicknesses of the six-layer stack is guided by two requirements: high amplitude of the observable and wide wavelength dependence of the in-plane wave vector. We also study the influence of the gold and silica thicknesses on the observables. We find that the observables are significant for dAu[10, 90 nm] for the three and dAu[10, 50 nm] for six layer stacks and this predictive study guided the choice of the experimental sample thicknesses. The wave guide mode appears for dSiO₂ >190 nm. The electric field as a function of the penetration coordinate z is calculated in order to characterize the location of the field in the stack and to assign the nature of the modes. We observe that for the SPP the electric field is confined at the Au-air interface whereas, the electric fields corresponding to the WG mode are confined inside SiO₂ layer. Our calculations presented in this work are in good agreement with the experimental measurements performed in our group
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Renger, Jan. "Excitation, Interaction, and Scattering of Localized and Propagating Surface Polaritons." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1153478195966-65404.

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Surface polaritons, i.e., collective oscillations of the surface charges, strongly influence the optical response at the micro- and nanoscale and have to be accounted for in modern nanotechnology. Within this thesis, certain basic phenomena involving surface polaritons are investigated by means of the semianalytical multiple-multipole (MMP) method. The results are compared to experiments. In the first part, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of metal nanoparticles is analyzed. This resonant collective oscillation of the free electrons in a metallic nanoparticle leads to an enhancement and confinement of the local electric field at optical frequencies. The local electric field can be further increased by tailoring the shape of the particle or by using near-field-interacting dimers or trimers of gold nanospheres. The hot spots found under such conditions increase the sensitivity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering by several orders of magnitude and simultaneously reduce the probed volume, thereby providing single-molecule sensitivity. The sub-wavelength-confined strong electromagnetic field associated with a SPR provides the basis for scattering-type near-field optical microscopy or tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, where the metal particle serves as a probe that is scanned laterally in the vicinity of a substrate. The presence of the latter causes a characteristic shift of the SPR towards lower frequencies. This effect originates in the near-field interaction of the surface charges on the objects. Furthermore, the excitation of higher-order modes becomes possible in case of an excitation by a strongly inhomogeneous wave, such as an evanescent wave. These modes may significantly contribute to the near field but have only very little influence on the far-field signature. Instead of using resonant probes, one may place a nonresonant probe in the vicinity of a substrate having a high density of electromagnetic surface states. This also produces a resonance of the light scattering by the system. Especially polar crystals, such as the investigated silicon carbide, feature such a high density of surface phonon polariton states in the mid-infrared spectral region, which can be excited due to the near-field interaction with a polarized particle. Thereby, a resonance is created leading to a strong increase of the electric field at the interface. In the second part of the thesis, special emphasis is put on surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Such propagating surface waves can be excited directly by plane waves only at patterned interfaces. This process is studied for the case of a groove. The groove breaks the translational invariance, so that the SPPs can be launched locally at the edges of the groove. Additionally, the mode(s) inside the groove are excited. These modes can basically be understood as metal-insulator-metal cavity modes. Their dispersion strongly depends on the groove width. The cavity behavior caused by the finite depth provides another degree of freedom for optimizing the SPP excitation by plane waves. Thin metallic films deposited on glass offer two different SPP waveguide modes, each of which can be addressed preferentially by a proper choice of the width of the groove. The reflection, transmission, scattering, and the conversion of the modes at discontinuities such as edges, steps, barriers, and grooves can be controlled by appropriately designing the geometry at the nanoscale. Furthermore, the excitation of SPPs at single and multiple slits in thin-film metal waveguides on glass and their propagation and scattering is shown by scanning near-field optical experiments. Such waveguide structures offer a means for transporting light in a confined way. Especially triangularly shaped waveguides can be used to guide light in sub-wavelength spaces
Die Wechselwirkung von elektromagnetischer Strahlung mit subwellenlängenkleinen Teilchen bzw. Oberflächenstrukturen ermöglicht nicht nur eine Miniaturisierung optischer Geräte, sondern erlaubt sehr interessante Anwendungen, beispielsweise in der Sensorik und Nahfeldoptik. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die zu Grunde liegenden Effekte im Rahmen der klassischen Elektrodynamik mit Hilfe der semianalytischen Methode der multiplen Multipole (MMP) analysiert, und die Ergebnisse werden mit Experimenten verglichen. Im ersten Teil werden Oberflächenplasmonenresonanzen (engl. surface plasmon resonance - SPR) einzelner und wechselwirkender Metallteilchen untersucht. Die dabei auftretende resonante kollektive Schwingung der freien Elektronen des Partikels bewirkt eine deutliche Erhöhung und Lokalisierung des elektromagnetischen Feldes in seiner Umgebung. Die spektrale Position und die Stärke der SPR eines Nanoteilchens, die von dessen geometrischer Form, Permittivität und Umgebung abhängen, können nur im Grenzfall sehr kleiner Teilchen elektrostatisch beschrieben werden, wohingegen der verwendete semianalytische MMP-Ansatz weitaus flexibler ist und insbesondere auch auf größere Partikel, Teilchen mit komplizierterer Form bzw. Ensembles von Partikeln anwendbar ist. Die betrachteten einzelnen kleinen (< Wellenlänge) Goldkügelchen und Silberellipsoide besitzen eine stark ausgeprägte SPR im sichtbaren optischen Bereich. Diese ist auf eine dipolartige Polarisierung des Teilchens zurückzuführen. Höhere Moden der Polarisation können entweder als Folge von Retardierungseffekten an größeren (mit der Wellenlänge vergleichbaren) Teilchen oder bei der Verwendung inhomogener (z.B. evaneszenter) Wellen angeregt werden. Partikel, die sich in der Nähe eines Substrates befinden, unterliegen der Nahfeldwechselwirkung zwischen den (lichtinduzierten) Oberflächenladungen auf der Oberfläche des Teilchens und des Substrats. Dies führt zu einer Verschiebung der SPR zu niedrigeren Frequenzen und einer Erhöhung des lokalen elektrischen Feldes. Letzteres bildet die Grundlage z.B. der spitzenverstärkten Raman-Spektroskopie und der optischen Nahfeldmikroskopie mit Streulichtdetektion. Dasselbe Prinzip bewirkt ein stark überhöhtes elektrisches Feld zwischen miteinander wechselwirkenden Nanopartikeln, welches z.B. die Sensitivität der oberflächenverstärkten Raman-Mikroskopie um mehrere Größenordnungen steigern kann. Im Gegensatz zur SPR einzelner Nanopartikel kann die Resonanz der Lichtstreuung im Fall eines Partikels in der Nähe eines Substrats aus der durch die Nahfeldwechselwirkung induzierten Anregung elektromagnetischer Oberflächenzustände entstehen. Diese wirken ihrerseits auf das Nanopartikel zurück, wobei eine resonante Lichtstreuung beobachtbar ist. Dieser, am Beispiel einer metallischen Nahfeldsonde über einem Siliziumcarbid-Substrat analysierte, Effekt ermöglicht bei einer ganzen Klasse von polaren Kristallen interessante Anwendungen in der Mikroskopie und Sensorik basierend auf der hohen Dichte von Oberflächenphononpolaritonen dieser Kristalle im mittleren infraroten Spektralbereich und deren nahfeldinduzierten Anregung. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit werden kollektive Anregungen von Elektronen an Metalloberflächen untersucht. Die dabei auftretenden plasmonischen Oberflächenwellen (engl. surface plasmon polaritons - SPPs) weisen einen exponentiellen Abfall der Intensität senkrecht zur Grenzfläche auf. Diese starke Lokalisierung der Energie an der Oberfläche bildet die Grundlage vieler Anwendungen, z.B. im Bereich der hochempfindlichen Detektion (bio)chemischer Verbindungen oder für eine zweidimensionale Optik (engl. plasmonics). Das Aufheben der Translationsinvarianz längs der Oberfläche ermöglicht die direkte Anregung von SPPs durch ebene Wellen. Die Abhängigkeit dieser Kopplung von der Geometrie wird am Beispiel eines Nanograbens untersucht. Dabei werden neben den SPPs ebenfalls eine oder mehrere Moden im Graben angeregt. Folglich ermöglicht die geeignete Wahl der Grabengeometrie die Optimierung der Umwandlung von ebenen Wellen in SPPs. Im - in der Praxis weit verbreiteten - Fall asymmetrisch eingebetteter metallischer Dünnschichtwellenleiter existieren zwei Moden. In Abhängigkeit von der Grabenbreite kann die eine oder die andere Mode bevorzugt angeregt werden. Die Analyse der Wechselwirkung von SPPs mit Oberflächenstrukturen, z.B. Kanten, Stufen, Barrieren und Gräben, zeigt die Möglichkeit der Steuerung der Reflexions-, Transmissions- und Abstrahleigenschaften durch die gezielte Wahl der Geometrie der "Oberflächendefekte" auf der Nanoskala und deckt die zu Grunde liegenden Mechanismen und die daraus resultierenden Anforderungen bei der Herstellung neuer plasmonischer Komponenten auf. Exemplarisch wird das Prinzip der SPP-Anregung an einzelnen und mehreren Gräben in dünnen metallischen Filmen sowie der subwellenlängen Feldlokalisierung an sich verjüngenden metallischen Dünnschichtwellenleitern unter Verwendung der optischen Nahfeldmikroskopie experimentell gezeigt
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Buller, Jakov. "Structure and Dynamics of Microcavity Exciton-Polaritons in Acoustic Square Lattices." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19328.

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Exziton-Polaritonen in Mikrokavitäten sind Quasi-Teilchen, die unter bestimmten physikalischen Konditionen kondensieren und damit in einen energetisch gleichen, gemeinsamen makroskopischen Quantenzustand (MQZ) übergehen können. Exziton-Polariton-Kondensate können mithilfe von akustischen Oberflächenwellen moduliert werden, um ihre Eigenschaften zu verändern. Dies ist insbesondere von großer Relevanz für zukünftige Anwendungen. In dieser Arbeit wurden die Struktur sowie die Dynamik der Exziton-Polariton-Kondensate in den durch die akustischen Oberflächenwellen erzeugten quadratischen Gittern untersucht. Es wurde dazu die Wellenfunktion der Exziton-Polariton-Kondensate im Rahmen der spektroskopischen und zeitaufgelösten Messungen im Orts- und Impulsraum abgebildet. Die MQZ wurden in einer optisch-parametrischen Oszillatorkonfiguration resonant angeregt. Die spektroskopischen Messungen zeigten, dass Exziton-Polariton-Kondensate in akustischen quadratischen Gittern aus unterschiedlichen MQZ, nämlich aus einem zwei-dimensionalen Gap-Soliton (2D GS) umgeben von mehreren ein-dimensionalen MQZ, und einem inkohärenten Strahlungshintergrund zusammengesetzt sind. Im Rahmen der zeitaufgelösten Experimente wurde die Dynamik der Wellenfunktion des 2D GS untersucht. Die zeitaufgelösten Ergebnisse zeigten, dass sowohl die Intensität der von dem 2D GS emittierten Photolumineszenz (PL) als auch die Kohärenzlänge des 2D GS zeitlich oszillieren. Die Intensität der PL und die Kohärenzlänge hängen von der Anregungsleistung, der Größe des Laserspots sowie von der relativen Position des akustischen Gitters und dem Laserspot ab. Im Ausblick dieser Arbeit wurde theoretisch die Anregung von Tamm-Plasmon/Exziton- Polaritonen (TPEP) sowie deren Modulation mithilfe von akustischen Oberflächenwellen diskutiert. TPEP entstehen durch die Superposition der in der Grenzschicht zwischen Mikrokavität und Metall angeregten Tamm-Plasmonen und den in der Mikrokavität erzeugten Exziton-Polaritonen.
Microcavity (MC) exciton-polaritons can form condensates, i.e. macroscopic quantum states (MQSs), as well under a periodic potential modulation. The modulation by a surface acoustic wave (SAW) provides a powerful tool for the formation of tunable lattices of MQSs in semiconductor MC. In this work, fundamental aspects of the structure and dynamics of exciton-polariton condensate in acoustic square lattices were investigated by probing its wavefunction in real- and momentum space using spectral- and time-resolved studies. The MQSs were resonantly excited in an optical parametric oscillator configuration. The tomographic study revealed that the exciton-polariton condensate structure self-organises in a concentric structure, which consists of a single, two-dimensional gap soliton (2D GS) surrounded by one-dimensional MQSs and an incoherent background. 2D GS size tends to saturate with increasing particle density. The experimental results are supported by a theoretical model based on the variational solution of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Time-resolved studies showed the evolution of the 2D GS wavefunction at the acoustic velocity. Interestingly, the photoluminescence (PL) intensity emitted by the 2D GS as well as its coherence length oscillate with time. The PL oscillation amplitude depends on the intensity and the size of the exciting laser spot, and increases considerably for excitation intensities close to the optical threshold power for the formation of the MQS. In the outlook, the formation of Tamm-Plasmon/Exciton-Polariton (TPEP) hybrid states and their modulation by SAWs was theoretically discussed. Here, the upper DBR is partly replaced by a thin metal layer placed on top of the MC. In this case, TPEP form by the superposition of Tamm plasmons at the metal-semiconductor interface and the exciton-polaritons in the MC.
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Wu, Yunhui. "Experimental Investigation of Size Effects on Surface Phonon Polaritons and Phonon Transport." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC012/document.

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La conduction thermique devient moins efficace à mesure que la taille des struc-tures diminuent en desous du micron, car la diffusion de surface des phononsdevient prédominante et limite plus efficacement les phonons que la diffusionphonon-phonon Umklapp. Des études récentes ont indiqué que les phonon po-laritons de surface (SPhPs), qui sont les ondes électromagnétiques évanescentesgénérées par l’hybridation des phonons optiques et des photons et se propageantà la surface d’une surface diélectrique polaire, pourraient servir de nouveauxvecteurs de chaleur pour améliorer les performances thermiques dans des dis-positifs micro- et nano-métriques. Nous étudions l’état des SPhPs existantdans un film submicronique diélectrique dans une large gamme de fréquences.Le calcul de la conductivité thermique des SPhPs basé sur l’équation de trans-port de Boltzmann (BTE) montre que le flux de chaleur transporté par lesSPhPs est supérieur à celui des phonons. Nous effectuons également une mesurede réflectance thermique dans le domaine temporel (TDTR) de films submi-croniques deSiNet démontrons que la conductivité thermique due aux SPhPsà haute température augmente lorsque l’épaisseur du film dimine. Les résultatsprésentés dans cette thèse ont des applications potentielles dans le domaine dutransfert de chaleur, de la gestion thermique, du rayonnement en champ proche et de la polaritoniques
Thermal conduction becomes less efficient as structures scale down into submicron sizes since phonon-boundary scattering becomes predominant and impede phonons more efficiently than Umklapp scattering. Recent studies indicated that the surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs), which are the evanescent electromagnetic waves generated by the hybridation of the optical phonons and the photons and propagating at the surface of a polar dielectric material surface, potentially serve as novel heat carriers to enhance the thermal performance in micro- and nanoscale devices. We study the condition of SPhPs existing in a dielectric submicron film with a broad frequency range. The calculaton of SPhPs thermal conductivity based on Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) demonstrates that the heat flux carried by SPhPs exceeds the one carried by phonons. We also conduct a time-domain-thermal-reflectance (TDTR) measurement of $SiN$ submicron films and demonstrate that the thermal conductivity due to the SPhPs at high temperatures increases by decreasing the film thickness. The results presented in this thesis have potential applications in the field of heat transfer, thermal management, near-field radiation and polaritonics
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Mallet, Emilien. "Etude des propriétés polaritoniques de ZnO et GaN. Application à l'étude de l'effet laser à polaritons dans une microcavité." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22482/document.

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Ce manuscrit est consacré à la physique des polaritons dans deux matériaux semiconducteurs à grand gap : ZnO et GaN. Les paramètres polaritoniques de ces matériaux ont été déterminés avec précision grâce à une étude combinant différentes techniques spectroscopiques linéaires et non-linéaires (réflectivité continue, autocorrélation, photoluminescence et mélange à quatre ondes dégénérées). L’interprétation de ces résultats conduit à une meilleure compréhension des processus d’interaction au sein du semiconducteur : le rôle important des interactions polariton-phonon LO dans l’élargissement polaritonique a notamment pu être mis en évidence. Ce travail effectué sur des échantillons massifs est indispensable pour mener au mieux l’étude de l’effet laser à polaritons dans des microcavités présentée dans la seconde partie de ce manuscrit. Pour cette étude, deux microcavités massives semblables, une à base de ZnO l’autre de GaN, ont été réalisées. Les qualités photoniques de ces structures sont à l’état de l’art : elles présentent un bon facteur de qualité (Q ≈ 1000) et un faible désordre photonique. Le régime de couplage fort ainsi que l’effet laser à polaritons sont observés jusqu'à température ambiante. Enfin, l’établissement de diagrammes de phases permet de mettre en exergue le rôle important des phonons LO dans l’abaissement du seuil laser
This manuscript is devoted to the physics of polaritons in two wide band gap semiconductor : ZnO and GaN. The polaritonic parameters of these materials have been accurately determined through a study which combines linear and non-linear spectroscopies (continuous reflectivity, autocorrelation, photoluminescence and degenerate four-wave mixing). The interpretation of these results lead to a better understanding of the interaction processes in the semiconductor : the important role played by the polariton-LO phonon interactions in the polaritonic damping is highlighted and particularly for ZnO. This preliminary work on bulk samples is essential for a suitable study of polariton lasing in microcavities like it is presented in the second part of this manuscript. For this study, two similar microcavities, one based on ZnO and another on GaN. The photonic properties of these structures are at the state of the art : they have a good quality factor (Q ≈ 1,000) and have a low photon disorder. The strong coupling regime and the polariton lasing are observed to room temperature. Finally, the establishment of phase diagrams allows to highlight the important role of LO phonons in reduction of the laser threshold
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Books on the topic "Polaritonic waves"

1

Stancil, Daniel D. Theory of magnetostatic waves. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1993.

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1951-, Uzunoglu Nikolaos K., ed. Radiowaves and polaritons in anisotropic media. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2006.

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1924-, Wallis R. F., Stegeman G. I, and International School of Materials Science and Technology (8th : 1985 : Erice, Italy), eds. Electromagnetic surface excitations: Proceedings of an international summer school at the Ettore Majorana Centre, Erice, Italy, July 1-13, 1985. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1986.

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Dzedolik, Igor V. Solitons and Nonlinear Waves of Phonon-Polaritons and Plasmon-Polaritons. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2016.

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Tarkhanyan, Roland H., and Nikolaos K. Uzunoglu. Radiowaves and Polaritons in Anisotropic Media: Uniaxial Semiconductors. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2006.

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Tarkhanyan, Roland H., and Nikolaos K. Uzunoglu. Radiowaves and Polaritons in Anisotropic Media: Uniaxial Semiconductors. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2006.

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Tarkhanyan, Roland, and Nikolaos Uzunoglu. Radiowaves and Polaritons in Anisotropic Media: Uniaxial Semiconductors. Wiley-VCH, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Polaritonic waves"

1

Raj, N., and D. R. Tilley. "Surface Polaritons in Semiconductor Superlattices." In Springer Series on Wave Phenomena, 133. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82715-0_7.

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Kadic, M., M. Farhat, S. Guenneau, R. Quidant, and S. Enoch. "Cloaking Liquid Surface Waves and Plasmon Polaritons." In Acoustic Metamaterials, 267–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4813-2_11.

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Voronko, A. I., Yu V. Gulyaev, and G. N. Shkerdin. "Linear and Nonlinear Theory of Surface Polariton Diffraction." In Nonlinear Waves in Solid State Physics, 373–407. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5898-5_12.

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Gippius, N. A., L. V. Keldysh, and S. G. Tikhodeev. "Polariton Waves Near the Threshold for Stimulated Scattering." In Laser Optics of Condensed Matter, 321–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7341-8_41.

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Moskalenko, S. A., A. H. Rotaru, and Yu M. Shvera. "Quantum Fluctuations and Statistical Properties of Intense Polariton Waves." In Laser Optics of Condensed Matter, 331–36. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7341-8_42.

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Reinisch, R., and M. Neviere. "Nonlinear Surface Polariton Interactions: Surface Enhanced Nonlinear Optical Effects." In Springer Series on Wave Phenomena, 232–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82715-0_24.

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Balslev, I. "Exciton Polaritons near Surfaces: The Coherent Wave Approach." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 25–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73291-1_3.

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Hanamura, Eiichi. "Phase-Conjugated Wave Enhanced by Weak Localizations of Exciton-Polaritons." In Laser Optics of Condensed Matter, 207–16. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3726-7_30.

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Gale, G. M., F. Vallée, and C. Flytzanis. "Direct Measurement of Wave-Vector-Dependent Polariton Energy Velocity and Dephasing in NH4Cl." In Springer Series in Chemical Physics, 528–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82918-5_141.

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Cho, Kikuo. "Interference of Polariton Waves in a Thin Film of CuCl: Additional Boundary Conditions and the Effect of Selective Pumping." In Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, 124–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82423-4_16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Polaritonic waves"

1

Sydorchuk, N. "Analysis of Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Surface Polaritonic Crystals." In 2007 International Kharkiv Symposium Physics and Engrg. of Millimeter and Sub-Millimeter Waves (MSMW). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msmw.2007.4294633.

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Mirmoosa, M. S., S. Yu Kosulnikov, and C. R. Simovski. "Unbounded spatial spectrum of propagating waves in a polaritonic wire medium." In 2015 9th International Congress on Advanced Electromagnetic Materials in Microwaves and Optics (METAMATERIALS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/metamaterials.2015.7342577.

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Czapla, Braden, Yi Zheng, Karthik Sasihithlu, and Arvind Narayanaswamy. "Non-Surface Polaritonic Peaks in Near-Field Radiative Transfer." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37192.

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Near-field effects in radiative transfer refer to the collective influence of interference, diffraction, and tunneling of electro-magnetic waves on energy transfer between two or more objects. Most studies of near-field radiative transfer have so far focused on the enhancement due to tunneling of surface polaritons. In this work, we show the existence of sharp peaks in the radiative transfer spectrum between two spheres of polar materials that are not due to surface polaritons. The peaks, which are present on either side of the restrahlen band, are because of Mie resonances.
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Wang, B. X., and C. Y. Zhao. "Topological Phonon Polaritons for Thermal Radiation Control." In ASME 2019 6th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2019-4002.

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Abstract Topological phonon polaritons (TPhPs) are highly localized edge modes that can achieve a strong confinement of electromagnetic waves and are topologically protected to be immune to impurities and disorder. In this paper, we theoretically study the topological phonon polaritons (TPhPs) in one-dimensional (1D) dimerized silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticle (NP) chains, as an extension of the celebrated Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model. We analytically calculate the band structure and complex Zak phase for such chains by taking all near-field and far-field interactions into account. It is found that the 1D dimerized chain supports nontrivial topological states as long as the dimeriza-tion parameter β > 0.5 and the long-range interactions are weak, although the system is non-Hermitian. By analyzing the distribution of eigenmodes and their participation ratios (PRs), we comprehensively study the effects of disorder on the band structure and midgap modes. We reveal that such TPhPs are very robust under high-degree disorders and even enhanced by the disorder. Through a finite-size scaling analysis, we show this enhancement can be attributed to Anderson localization scheme. These topological phonon polaritonic states provide an efficient interface for thermal radiation control in the mid-infrared.
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Liscidini, Marco, Dario Gerace, D. Sanvitto, and Daniele Bajoni. "Guided Bloch Surface Wave polaritons: a route towards polariton circuits." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2012.cf3m.6.

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Chou, Yuan-Fang, and Ming-Yi Yang. "Polaritons in a Piezoelectric Superlattice Plate." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14511.

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A periodic structure is formed in a piezoelectric plate by intervallic polarizing oppositely along one direction. Wave propagation in this structure are studied with plane-wave expansion method. The polariton behavior in the plate is observed by solving Newton's equations of motion and Maxwell's equations simultaneously. Significant coupling between phonon and photon occurs in the vicinity of the center of the first Brillouin zone. By studying the band structure and field patterns, the resonance phenomenon can be explained. Adjusting the periodicity and thickness of the superlattice, the polariton behavior can exist in the frequency range of RF band. Since the polariton in the piezoelectric superlattice can be excited by electromagnetic waves, it can be applied to transducers and filters.
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Hu, C. M., B. M. Yao, S. Kaur, Y. S. Gui, and W. Lu. "Magnon polariton and pseudo-magnon-polariton." In 2015 40th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz.2015.7327529.

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Zhang, Xue-jin. "Terahertz artificial surface phonon polaritons." In International Symposium on Ultrafast Phenomena and Terahertz Waves. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/isuptw.2018.wi11.

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Zhang, Yan, Xinke Wang, and Sen Wang. "Terahertz surface plasmon polaritons imaging system." In International Symposium on Ultrafast Phenomena and Terahertz Waves. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/isuptw.2014.tus4_4.

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Vinogradov, E. A. "Size effects in vibrational polariton spectra." In 18th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2298595.

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Reports on the topic "Polaritonic waves"

1

Knoester, Jasper, and Shaul Mukamel. Transient Gratings, Four-Wave Mixing and Polariton Effects in Nonlinear Optics. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada251947.

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