Relevant bibliographies by topics / Polarimetry

Academic literature on the topic 'Polarimetry'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Polarimetry"

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Kalina, Jiří, and Michal Lach. "Experiment for "Polarimetry" Teaching." Chemické listy 117, no. 1 (January 15, 2023): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54779/chl20230030.

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Polarimetry enables one to quantitatively determine certain substance (optically active substances) in a solution on the basis of rotation of the plane of the polarized light of a single wavelength. The main goal of this work is to measure concentration of optically active substances using homemade device, so called "polarimeter". The device measures the degree of light attenuation instead of the polarization angle of the polarized light as in commercial instruments. The designed "polarimeter" allows one to determine the concentration of optically active substances. It is a home-made device using a smartphone with a selected software, which is many times cheaper than commercially available ones. The authors would like to see the device find use in polytechnic education of students. Polarimetrie umožňuje kvantitativně stanovit určitou látku (opticky aktivní látky) v roztoku na základě měření úhlu stočení roviny polarizovaného světla jedné vlnové délky. Hlavním cílem této práce je měření koncentrace opticky aktivních látek pomocí podomácku vyrobeného přístroje, tzv. „polarimetru“. Zařízení měří míru zeslabení světla namísto úhlu stočení polarizovaného světla jako u komerčních přístrojů. Navržený „polarimetr“ umožňuje stanovit koncentraci opticky aktivních látek. Jde o podomácku vyrobené zařízení využívající chytrý telefon s vybraným softwarem, který je mnohonásobně levnější než komerčně dostupné. Autoři by rádi viděli využití zařízení v polytechnické výchově studentů.
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Wolfe, T. M., R. Stencel, and G. Cole. "Commissioning Results of a New Polarimeter: Denver University Small Telescope Polarimeter (DUSTPol)." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, S305 (December 2014): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921315004779.

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AbstractDUSTPol is a dual-beam polarimeter that operates in optical wavelengths, and was built to promote the study of linear polarimetry with smaller telescopes. DUSTPol's performance has demonstrated low instrumental polarization at 0.05 ± 0.02%. This poster presents commissioning results as well as early science observations, and describes software used for data reduction. Recent polarimetric results of RS CVn systems and Wolf-Rayet stars, discussed herein, indicate shape and interaction parameters. By promoting the development of similar polarimeters at other institutions, DUSTPol will serve to establish new collaborative surveys of cool active stars, as well as systems showing evidence of containing complex stellar environments.
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Leiber, Th, and K. Reif. "First Observations by the Bonn Wide-Field Photometer and Polarimeter (WWFPP): Surface Polarimetry of the Crab Nebula." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 161 (1994): 481–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900047926.

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To test the performance of the WWFPP in polarimetric mode, we performed surface polarimetry of the Crab nebula in February 1993 using the Asiago 1.82 m telescope of the ‘Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova’. The polarimeter is a new design and enables us to do simultaneous wide-field polarimetry (15 × 15 arcmin field with 0.43 arcsec/pixel) of four polarization angles using a twin Wollaston prism or simultaneous polarimetry of two angles using a double wedge plate with orthogonal sheet polarizers in combination with an achromatic half wave plate. For the observations described here we used the twin Wollaston. The advantages of this design are independency of fluctuations of atmospheric transmission and identical seeing for one set of Stokes parameters. The results of the observations are in agreement with results of other investigators who performed surface polarimetry of the Crab Nebula.
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Ladygin, V. P., P. K. Kurilkin, A. Yu Isupov, M. Janek, and S. G. Reznikov. "The Deuteron Beam Polarimetry at Nuclotron-NICA." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 40 (January 2016): 1660087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194516600879.

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The current deuteron beam polarimetry at Nuclotron is provided by the Internal Target polarimeter based on the use of the asymmetry in dp- elastic scattering at large angles in the c.m.s. at 270 MeV. The calibration of the existing deuteron beam polarimeter at Internal Target in the wide energy range will allow to obtain the accuracy of the vector and tensor beam polarization values of about 3-5%. Further upgrade of low energy and extracted beam polarimeters is discussed.
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MATT, GIORGIO. "HIGH-ENERGY PHENOMENA STUDIED WITH X–RAY POLARIMETRY." International Journal of Modern Physics D 19, no. 06 (June 2010): 723–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271810016889.

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After more than 30 years since the last X–ray polarimetric measurements, performed in the 70's by the OSO-8 satellite, thanks to recent technological advances, polarimetry is considered again as a viable technique for studing X–ray sources. In this contribution the author briefly discusses a couple of astrophysical situations, related to the topics of this conference, where X–ray polarimetry can be extremely useful. The author also discusses the observational perspectives, listing the main future space missions (proposed or even already approved) carrying on-board an X–ray polarimeter.
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Zhang, Haocheng. "Scientific Potential of MeV Polarimetry for Relativistic Jets." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 17, S375 (December 2022): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921323000881.

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AbstractRelativistic jets from supermassive black holes or stellar mass black holes are among the most powerful astrophysical phenomena. Magnetic field plays an important role in the jet launching and propagation, as well as particle acceleration and radiation. Polarimetry is the only way to observe the magnetic field evolution. The recent launch of the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) has opened up the X-ray polarization window, which has revealed very interesting phenomena for relativistic jets. However, the field of MeV gamma-ray polarimetry remains largely unexplored. This paper aims to summarize key scientific potentials for MeV polarimetry for blazars and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) from recent theoretical modeling. These predictions, which are closely related to the cosmic ray acceleration, neutrino production, radiation mechanism, and the jet evolution, can be examined by future MeV polarimeters, such as the Compton Spectrometer and Imager (COSI), the LargE Area burst Polarimeter (LEAP), and the All-sky Medium-Energy Gamma-ray Observatory eXplorer (AMEGO-X).
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Tinbergen, J. "Array Polarimetry and Optical-Differencing Photometry." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 167 (1995): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900056448.

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Array detectors have improved the efficiency of optical polarimetry sufficiently for this technique to become part of the standard arsenal of observational facilities. However, we could gain even more: spatially-differentiating photometry can be implemented as an option of array Polarimeters and low-noise, high-frame-rate array detectors will allow extremely high precision both in polarimetry and in such differentiating photometry. The latter would be valuable for analyzing many kinds of optical or infrared images of very low contrast; the essence of the technique is to use optical (and extremely stable) means to produce the spatial derivative of the flux image, in the form of a polarization image which is then presented to a “standard” array polarimeter. The polarimeter should incorporate a polarization modulator of sufficient quality for the photometric application in mind. If developed properly, using a state-of-the-art array detector and the most sensitive type of polarization modulator (stress-birefringence), optical differencing will allow levels of relative photometric precision not otherwise obtainable. With the optical differencing option taken out of the beam, the same instrument can be used for high-quality polarimetry.
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Ilyov, S., Ts Genova, P. Troyanova, A. Gisbrecht, and L. Avramov. "Linear polarimetry for analysis of skin degenerative alterations." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2487, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2487/1/012025.

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Abstract Investigation and characterization of the basic polarimetric characteristics on different cutaneous degenerative conditions (Syndrome of Raynaud, lupus, and psoriasis) histological samples was carried out to evaluate the potential for analysis of skin degenerative alterations. Stained and unstained histological samples from the different groups of degenerative conditions of the skin were histologically addressed and were used for polarimetric measurements. Diode laser linearly polarized beam at 635 nm was used for irradiation of the samples and polarimeter, working in the visible spectral range 400-700 nm was applied for polarimetric measurements. We will present the results of histology tissue slides evaluation through Stokes polarimetry in transmission geometry. These studies allow analysis of skin degenerative alterations in collagen anisotropic structuration in extracellular matrix and could be used as indicators of the tissue condition. Therefore, the present work would make possible the establishment of database with polarimetric features of degenerative skin conditions.
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Dimitrov, Zlatomir. "Polarimetric Analysis of ALOS PALSAR data (POL-SAR) over Test Areas in North-West Bulgaria – Polarimetric Descriptors, Decompositions and Classifications." Aerospace Research in Bulgaria 34 (2022): 29–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/arb.v34.e03.

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This study is focused on utilizing full-polarimetric L-band radar data from ALOS PALSAR (JAXA) by means of Polarimetry (POL-SAR), over mountainous test sites in Bulgaria. General aim is to show feasibility of the Polarimetry to describe natural targets, which exhibits various scattering mechanisms in respect to their bio-physical and geometrical properties. Firstly, the importance of Covariance and Coherent matrices is shown, which is followed by calculation of the polarimetric coherences with their particular significance. The mathematical and physical model based decompositions are applied to describe backscattering media from scattering mechanisms. Radar indices resulted from H/A/α-decomposition showed radnomization of scattering mechanisms over forest areas, whilst two major scattering mechanisms are observed mainly in crop lands. Α comparison is made between polarimetric descriptors from acquisitions in different seasonality over mountainous forest and agricultural lands. Polarimetric segmentations and classifications are applied, with 8 (H/A) and 16 (H/A/α) components. Finally, a forest mask is proposed based on relevant polarimetric descriptors. Study showed good utilization and importance of the full-polarimetric L-band SAR data, derived from ALOS PALSAR, in natural targets and forest areas. This report resulted from a course GEO414 -“Polarimetrie”, held at the University of Jena, Lehrstuhl für Fernerkundung, in the framework of ERASMUS+, with the kind support of – Dr. T. Jagdhuber (DLR) and Prof. C. Schmullius.
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González-Gaitán, S., A. M. Mourão, F. Patat, J. P. Anderson, A. Cikota, K. Wiersema, A. B. Higgins, and K. Silva. "Tips and tricks in linear imaging polarimetry of extended sources with FORS2 at the VLT." Astronomy & Astrophysics 634 (February 2020): A70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936379.

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Context. Polarimetry is a very powerful tool for uncovering various properties of astronomical objects that otherwise remain hidden in standard imaging or spectroscopic observations. While common observations only measure the intensity of light, polarimetric measurements allow us to distinguish and measure the two perpendicular components of the electric field associated with the incoming light. By using polarimetry it is possible to unveil asymmetries in supernova explosions, properties of intervening dust, characteristics of atmosphere of planets, among others. However, the reliable measurement of the low polarization signal from astronomical sources requires a good control of spurious instrumental polarization induced by the various components of the optical system and the detector. Aims. We perform a detailed multi-wavelength calibration study of the FORS2 instrument at the VLT operating in imaging polarimetric mode to characterize the spatial instrumental polarization that may affect the study of extended sources. Methods. We used imaging polarimetry of high signal-to-noise ratio blank field BVRI observations during the full moon, when the polarization is expected to be constant across the field of view and deviations originate from the instrument, and a crowded star cluster in broad-band RI and narrow-band Hα filters, where the individual polarization values of each star across the field can be measured. Results. We find an instrumental polarization pattern that increases radially outwards from the optical axis of the instrument reaching up to 1.4% at the edges, depending on the filter. Our results are closely approximated by an elliptical paraboloid down to less than ∼0.05% accuracy, and ∼0.02% when using non-analytic fits. We present 2D maps to correct for this spurious instrumental polarization. We also give several tips and tricks for analyzing polarimetric measurements of extended sources. Conclusions. FORS2 is a powerful instrument that allows the linear polarimetry of extended sources to be mapped. We present and discuss a methodology that can be used to measure the polarization of such sources, and to correct for the spatial polarization induced in the optical system. This methodology could be applied to polarimetric measurements using other dual-beam polarimeters.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polarimetry"

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Yong, Siow Yin. "Radar polarimetry." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Dec%5FYong.pdf.

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Jagdhuber, Thomas. "Soil parameter retrieval under vegetation cover using SAR polarimetry." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/6051/.

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Soil conditions under vegetation cover and their spatial and temporal variations from point to catchment scale are crucial for understanding hydrological processes within the vadose zone, for managing irrigation and consequently maximizing yield by precision farming. Soil moisture and soil roughness are the key parameters that characterize the soil status. In order to monitor their spatial and temporal variability on large scales, remote sensing techniques are required. Therefore the determination of soil parameters under vegetation cover was approached in this thesis by means of (multi-angular) polarimetric SAR acquisitions at a longer wavelength (L-band, lambda=23cm). In this thesis, the penetration capabilities of L-band are combined with newly developed (multi-angular) polarimetric decomposition techniques to separate the different scattering contributions, which are occurring in vegetation and on ground. Subsequently the ground components are inverted to estimate the soil characteristics. The novel (multi-angular) polarimetric decomposition techniques for soil parameter retrieval are physically-based, computationally inexpensive and can be solved analytically without any a priori knowledge. Therefore they can be applied without test site calibration directly to agricultural areas. The developed algorithms are validated with fully polarimetric SAR data acquired by the airborne E-SAR sensor of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) for three different study areas in Germany. The achieved results reveal inversion rates up to 99% for the soil moisture and soil roughness retrieval in agricultural areas. However, in forested areas the inversion rate drops significantly for most of the algorithms, because the inversion in forests is invalid for the applied scattering models at L-band. The validation against simultaneously acquired field measurements indicates an estimation accuracy (root mean square error) of 5-10vol.% for the soil moisture (range of in situ values: 1-46vol.%) and of 0.37-0.45cm for the soil roughness (range of in situ values: 0.5-4.0cm) within the catchment. Hence, a continuous monitoring of soil parameters with the obtained precision, excluding frozen and snow covered conditions, is possible. Especially future, fully polarimetric, space-borne, long wavelength SAR missions can profit distinctively from the developed polarimetric decomposition techniques for separation of ground and volume contributions as well as for soil parameter retrieval on large spatial scales.
Zur Verbesserung der hydrologischen Abflussmodellierung, der Flutvorhersage, der gezielten Bewässerung von landwirtschaftlichen Nutzflächen und zum Schutz vor Ernteausfällen ist die Bestimmung der Bodenfeuchte und der Bodenrauhigkeit von grosser Bedeutung. Aufgrund der hohen zeitlichen sowie räumlichen Dynamik dieser Bodenparameter ist eine flächenhafte Erfassung mit hoher Auflösung und in kurzen zeitlichen Abständen notwendig. In situ Messtechniken stellen eine sehr zeit- und personalaufwändige Alternative dar, deshalb werden innovative Fernerkundungsverfahren mit aktivem Radar erprobt. Diese Aufnahmetechniken sind von Wetter- und Beleuchtungsverhältnissen unabhängig und besitzen zudem die Möglichkeit, abhängig von der Wellenlänge, in Medien einzudringen. Mit dem in dieser Arbeit verwendeten polarimetrischen Radar mit synthetischer Apertur (PolSAR) werden die Veränderungen der Polarisationen ausgewertet, da diese aufgrund der physikalischen Eigenschaften der reflektierenden Medien objektspezifisch verändert und gestreut werden. Es kann dadurch ein Bezug zwischen der empfangenen Radarwelle und den dielektrischen Eigenschaften (Feuchtegehalt) sowie der Oberflächengeometrie (Rauhigkeit) des Bodens hergestellt werden. Da vor allem in den gemässigten Klimazonen die landwirtschaftlichen Nutzflächen die meiste Zeit des Jahres mit Vegetation bestanden sind, wurden in dieser Dissertation Verfahren entwickelt, um die Bodenfeuchte und die Bodenrauhigkeit unter der Vegetation erfassen zu können. Um die einzelnen Rückstreubeiträge der Vegetation und des Bodens voneinander zu trennen, wurde die Eindringfähigkeit von längeren Wellenlängen (L-band, lambda=23cm) mit neu entwickelten (multi-angularen) polarimetrischen Dekompositionstechniken kombiniert, um die Komponente des Bodens zu extrahieren und auszuwerten. Für die Auswertung wurden polarimetrische Streumodelle benutzt, um die Bodenkomponente zu modellieren und dann mit der extrahierten Bodenkomponente der aufgenommenen Daten zu vergleichen. Die beste Übereinstimmung von Modell und Daten wurde als die gegebene Bodencharakteristik gewertet und dementsprechend invertiert. Die neu entwickelten, polarimetrischen Dekompositionstechniken für langwelliges polarimetrisches SAR basieren auf physikalischen Prinzipien, benötigen wenig Rechenzeit, erfordern keine Kalibrierung und sind ohne Verwendung von a priori Wissen analytisch lösbar. Um die entwickelten Algorithmen zu testen, wurden in drei verschiedenen Untersuchungsgebieten in Deutschland mit dem flugzeuggetragenen E-SAR Sensor des Deutschen Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) polarimetrische SAR Daten aufgenommen. Die Auswertungen der PolSAR Daten haben bestätigt, dass die besten Invertierungsergebnisse mit langen Wellenlängen erzielt werden können (L-Band). Des Weiteren konnten bei der Bestimmung der Bodenfeuchte und der Bodenrauhigkeit hohe Inversionsraten erreicht werden (bis zu 99% der Untersuchungsfläche). Es hat sich gezeigt, dass die polarimetrischen Streumodelle bei der gegebenen Wellenlänge nicht für bewaldete Gebiete geeignet sind, was die Anwendbarkeit des Verfahrens auf landwirtschaftliche Nutzflächen einschränkt. Die Validierung mit Bodenmessungen in den Untersuchungsgebieten, die zeitgleich zu den PolSAR Aufnahmen durchgeführt wurden, hat ergeben, dass eine kontinuierliche Beobachtung des Bodenzustandes (ausgenommen in Zeiten mit gefrorenem oder Schnee bedecktem Boden) mit einer Genauigkeit (Wurzel des mittleren quadratischen Fehlers) von 5-10vol.% für die Bodenfeuchte (in situ Messbereich: 1-46vol.%) und von 0.37-0.45cm für die Bodenrauhigkeit (in situ Messbereich: 0.5-4.0cm) möglich ist. Besonders künftige Fernerkundungsmissionen mit langwelligem, voll polarimetrischem SAR können von den entwickelten Dekompositionstechniken profitieren, um die Vegetationskomponente von der Bodenkomponente zu trennen und die Charakteristik des Oberbodens flächenhaft zu bestimmen.
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Kothari, Neeraj. "Novel Polarimetry Techniques." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19779.

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Polarization specific measurements are advancing the capabilities of scientific instruments looking for ever smaller effects and material parameters. For example, the magneto-optical nonlinear Faraday effect can be used to characterize various electric and magnetic polarizability parameters of an individual molecule. Another major application is detection of desired particles in a highly scattering environment, the physical effect of which has been extensively researched, and is being overcome by using time-gated and polarization techniques. The polarimeter sensitivity is limited by the extinction-ratio obtained from polarizers. Of available polarizer materials, naturally occurring Calcite crystals provide the best extinction ratios because of their good optical homogeneity and high birefringence. However, there is a need for polarization determination with higher sensitivities, and thus a necessity to find better polarizing materials and methods. I developed a next-generation polarimeter in an attempt to sensitively detect the second-order Faraday effect, along with a substance s chirality and Verdet constant. Also, I developed a device uniquely able to sensitively detect chiral signatures in the presence of massive depolarizing scattering. In addition, I begun developing a novel type of polarimeter based on the highly-polarization-sensitive nonlinear-optical process of harmonic generation, whose required crystals can be grown with extremely high quality.
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Tibbs, Alex. "Bioinspired imaging polarimetry." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/08eb9263-c101-41e6-b363-ecd652cb192e.

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Many animals perceive changes in the polarization of light in addition to, or instead of, changes in intensity and wavelength, allowing them to more effectively perform tasks. Although humans lack this ability, recent work allows humans to exploit polarization using imaging polarimeters, and many applications which use this technology have been developed. A major challenge of polarimetry is image degradation due to noise, which has led to incorrect conclusions in the literature and reduces the effectiveness of computer vision algorithms. Local feature extraction is a technique for extracting information from images which is a common intermediate step in many computer vision applications. No work has yet been done assessing the performance of existing local feature extraction algorithms with polarimetry, or how they can be most effectively used. In this thesis degradation caused by noise in polarimetry is investigated, and mitigating steps are proposed. Denoising algorithms are then investigated which are shown to improve the peak signal-to-noise ratio of polarization images by 4.5dB over existing algorithms. This is done by adapting an existing denoising algorithm, Block-Matching 3D, to create a method specifically for polarimetry, Polarization-BM3D (PBM3D). PBM3D will be shown to provide superior visual quality to existing algorithms. This thesis also investigates the use of common local feature extraction algorithms with polarimetry, and compares their effectiveness with colour imagery. It will be demonstrated that using local features with polarimetry can yield better results than using colour imagery (by 7.5%), specifically when the Stokes representation is used. It will also be shown that Hessian-affine is the most effective detection algorithm and SIFT is the most effective description algorithm for use with polarimetry. Finally the effects of noise on features extraction with polarimetry will be presented, and it will be shown that PBM3D improves detector and descriptor performance by 35% and 5% respectively.
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LaCasse, Charles. "Modulated Imaging Polarimetry." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/247279.

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In this work, image processing algorithms are presented for an advanced sensor classification known collectively as imaging modulated polarimetry. The image processing algorithms presented are novel in that they use frequency domain based approaches, in comparison to the data domain based approaches that all previous algorithms have employed. Under the conditions on the data and imaging device derived in this work, the frequency domain based demodulation algorithms will optimally reduced reconstruction artifacts in a least squared sense. This work provides a framework for objectively comparing polarimeters that modulate in different domains (i.e. time vs. space), referred to as the spectral density response function. The spectral density response function is created as an analog to the modulation transfer function (or the more general transfer function for temporal devices) employed in the design of conventional imaging devices. The framework considers the total bandwidth of the object to be measured, and then can consider estimation artifacts that arise in both time and space due to the measurement modality that has been chosen. Using the framework for objectively comparing different modulated polarimeters (known as the spectral density response function), a method of developing a Wiener filter for multi-signal demodulation is developed, referred to as the polarimetric Wiener filter. This filter is then shown to be optimal for one extensive test case. This document provides one extensive example of implementing the algorithms and spectral density response calculations on a real system, known as the MSPI polarimeter. The MSPI polarimeter has been published extensively elsewhere, so only a basic system description here is used as necessary to describe how the methods presented here can be implemented on this system.
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Joos, Franco. "Polarimetry of gas planets /." Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17051.

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Nartallo, Garcia Ramon. "Submillimetre polarimetry of blazars." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27103.

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The magnetic field is a major contributor to the physics of many types of astronomical objects. Polarimetry is a powerful tool for probing directly into the magnetic field to estimate its degree of ordering and orientation. This knowledge is often essential in order to constrain theoretical models in astrophysics. The advent of submillimetre polarimetry has opened a new window through which polarised emission produced by dust grains or the synchrotron mechanism can be investigated. This has immediate applications to the study of star forming regions and radio-loud extragalactic sources. The work presented in this thesis covers several aspects of doing polarimetry in the submillimetre with the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT), and its application to an on-going observing programme dedicated to monitor the polarisation of highly variable extragalactic sources, which include BL Lac Objects and a subset of Quasars, often referred to collectively as Blazars. The more instrumental parts of this project are concerned with the development of data reduction algorithms and their implementation in a new common user software package for the analysis of JCMT polarimetry data, the optimisation of data acquisition techniques in the currently available observing mode and the development of a new (potentially more efficient) observing mode, including numerical simulations, extensive laboratory experiments and telescope tests. The Blazar monitoring programme consists of a series of observing runs during which polarimetry and multi-frequency photometry have been done on a sample of sources. The observations allow two different types of study to be carried out: one in terms of the variability of individual sources and the other in terms of the overall properties derived for the two classes of object. While variability observations are used to discern between and place constrains on theoretical models that deal with the energy production and transport mechanisms, the comparison between BL Lac Objects and Quasars investigates whether they are likely to have different parent populations, or if their properties can be accounted for within a single unifying theory.
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Ellis, Jeremy. "POLARIMETRY OF RANDOM FIELDS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4192.

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On temporal, spatial and spectral scales which are small enough, all fields are fully polarized. In the optical regime, however, instantaneous fields can rarely be examined, and, instead, only average quantities are accessible. The study of polarimetry is concerned with both the description of electromagnetic fields and the characterization of media a field has interacted with. The polarimetric information is conventionally presented in terms of second order field correlations which are averaged over the ensemble of field realizations. Motivated by the deficiencies of classical polarimetry in dealing with specific practical situations, this dissertation expands the traditional polarimetric approaches to include higher order field correlations and the description of fields fluctuating in three dimensions. In relation to characterization of depolarizing media, a number of fourth-order correlations are introduced in this dissertation. Measurements of full polarization distributions, and the subsequent evaluation of Stokes vector element correlations and Complex Degree of Mutual Polarization demonstrate the use of these quantities for material discrimination and characterization. Recent advancements in detection capabilities allow access to fields near their sources and close to material boundaries, where a unique direction of propagation is not evident. Similarly, there exist classical situations such as overlapping beams, focusing, or diffusive scattering in which there is no unique transverse direction. In this dissertation, the correlation matrix formalism is expanded to describe three dimensional electromagnetic fields, providing a definition for the degree of polarization of such a field. It is also shown that, because of the dimensionality of the problem, a second parameter is necessary to fully describe the polarimetric properties of three dimensional fields. Measurements of second-order correlations of a three dimensional field are demonstrated, allowing the determination of both the degree of polarization and the state of polarization. These new theoretical concepts and innovative experimental approaches introduced in thiss dissertation are expected to impact scientific areas as diverse as near field optics, remote sensing, high energy laser physics, fluorescence microscopy, and imaging.
Ph.D.
Optics and Photonics
Optics
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McLean, William George King. "Polarimetry of planetary systems." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/98039/.

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Light reflected by planetary atmospheres and/or surfaces is polarised, and the degree and direction of polarisation can yield information that cannot always be gleaned from flux measurements alone. Polarimetric studies of solar system planets can reveal more details about the seasonal variations in their atmospheres, and the variation with orbital geometry can place constraints on the properties of cloud particles. With the advent of extremely large telescopes, and potentially the most accurate instruments ever realised thus far, polarimetry has great potential for both detecting and characterising exoplanets. A key difference when observing exoplanets with respect to the planets of our solar system is that despite the much lower signal-to-noise than solar system planets, we can access them at wider phase angle ranges, thus enabling us to probe their scattering properties more extensively, especially at geometries where the degree of polarisation is highest. This can result in an easier interpretation of the atmospheric characteristics through theoretical modelling. My original contribution to the field that is presented in this thesis is the observation, data reduction and analysis of polarimetric data along with model interpretation of the six most outer solar system planets and Titan. In addition, model results for exoplanets of varying types are shown and discussed. The overall goal is to show that polarimetry is necessary for giving a full description of light reflected by planetary atmospheres and surfaces, and to demonstrate its worth as a diagnostic tool for atmospheric characterisation, from both ground-based observations of solar system and exoplanets, and from in-situ missions to the outer planets, such as a potential atmospheric probe into any of the outer planets.
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Jermak, H. E. "Robotic polarimetry of blazars." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2017. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5462/.

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The motivation of this thesis was the study of radio-loud, active galaxies. These galaxies house relativistic jets at their centres, powered by accretion onto a super massive black hole. The focus was on the optical flux and polarised emission produced by these powerful jets. An automated pipeline was developed to reduce data from the Liverpool Telescope Ringo2 and Ringo3 polarimeters. As part of this work, the Ringo3 instrumental polarisation and depolarisation were characterised by repeated observations of standard stars. The Ringo2 and Ringo3 optical polarimetry and photometry of a sample of 20 gamma-ray bright blazars were combined with Fermi gamma-ray space telescope data and were used to explore possible correlations and thus probe the emission sites in the jet. We found that optical and gamma-ray fluxes had strong, positive correlations. This suggests that the dominant source of optical and gamma-ray emission is from shared emission regions. If the Inverse Compton model is adopted to explain the gamma-ray emission (i.e. upscattering of photons by relativistic electrons), this correlation suggests that synchrotron self-Compton emission processes are occurring in the jet, along with inverse Compton upscattering from nearby electrons (rather than those outside the jet). The gamma-ray flux and optical degree of polarisation were not significantly correlated. The optical flux and degree of polarisation were weakly positively correlated (with correlations that did not improve with an introduced lag). Both of these results imply that there is no large scale highly ordered magnetic field in the region where the gamma-ray emission originates. We found that the maximum degree of polarisation differs depending on the location of the source's synchrotron-peak. This may be a result of the viewing angle of the observer with respect to the jet. This suggests that the majority of optical polarisation is produced in shocked regions within the jet, downstream of the main emission region. We found that the degree of polarisation was lower during a period of polarisation angle rotation compared with a period of non-rotation. This implies that the downstream magnetic field structure is either helical or compressed in a direction transverse to that of the jet. Consistent with other work, our Ringo3 colour analysis showed that, with the exception of one source, flat spectrum radio quasars had a `redder' when brighter property. This suggests that when the source is more luminous, the jet (i.e. non-thermal) emission dominates over the thermal emission from the accretion disk (which is powerful in FSRQs). We found that BL~Lacs had a `bluer' when brighter behaviour, suggesting that the brighter emission may come from more energetic photons within the jet. We presented data from our long-term, multi-colour, blazar monitoring campaign. We found that all but one source had a `redder' polarisation when the polarisation was higher. This implies that the highest polarisation is associated with higher densities of lower energy particles in the jet. Well-sampled, regular cadence data is very important for the effective study and interpretation of blazars. This is particularly crucial for the interpretation of the position angle rotations, which can afford information about the electric vector angle (and hence the magnetic field angle). In this work, we presented the design of a new multicolour polarimeter, MOPTOP. The optical components in MOPTOP allow as much of the light from the source to be exploited as possible by replacing the rotating Polaroid (from the Ringo polarimeter design) with a rotating half-wave plate and beam splitter. MOPTOP's design minimises exposure times, allowing more frequent observations and a better sampling of data. A densely sampled monitoring program that is not interrupted by periods of sunlight would be highly desirable for the study of blazar jets.
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Books on the topic "Polarimetry"

1

Clarke, David. Stellar Polarimetry. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527628322.

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Zhang, Guifu. Weather Radar Polarimetry. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2016. | “A CRC title.”: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315374666.

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Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Enrico Costa, Giorgio Matt, and Gianpiero Tagliaferri, eds. X-Ray Polarimetry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511750809.

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van Zyl, Jakob, and Yunjin Kim. Synthetic Aperture Radar Polarimetry. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118116104.

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Zyl, Jakob Van. Synthetic aperture radar polarimetry. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2011.

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Ryzhkov, Alexander V., and Dusan S. Zrnic. Radar Polarimetry for Weather Observations. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05093-1.

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Hu, Zhengbin, I. L. Bezhenar, O. Y. Vanchulyak, A. G. Ushenko, Yu A. Ushenko, Mykhailo P. Gorsky, and Igor Meglinski. Laser Polarimetry of Biological Tissues. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1734-1.

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1943-, Ulaby Fawwaz T., and Elachi Charles, eds. Radar polarimetry for geoscience applications. Norwood, MA: Artech House, 1990.

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Kolokolova, Ludmilla, James Hough, and Anny-Chantal Levasseur-Regourd, eds. Polarimetry of Stars and Planetary Systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781107358249.

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Abushagur, Mustafa A. G. Development of a stable electro-optical modulator. [Washington, DC?: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Polarimetry"

1

López-Martínez, C., and E. Pottier. "Basic Principles of SAR Polarimetry." In Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar, 1–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56504-6_1.

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AbstractThis chapter critically summarizes the main theoretical aspects necessary for a correct processing and interpretation of the polarimetric information towards the development of applications of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) polarimetry. First of all, the basic principles of wave polarimetry (which deals with the representation and the understanding of the polarization state of an electromagnetic wave) and scattering polarimetry (which concerns inferring the properties of a target given the incident and the scattered polarized electromagnetic waves) are given. Then, concepts regarding the description of polarimetric data are reviewed, covering statistical and scattering aspects, the latter in terms of coherent and incoherent decomposition techniques. Finally, polarimetric SAR interferometry and tomography, two acquisition modes that enable the extraction of the 3-D scatterer position and separation, respectively, and their polarimetric characterization, are described.
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Gaskell, Dave. "Electron Polarimetry." In Polarized Beam Dynamics and Instrumentation in Particle Accelerators, 301–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16715-7_13.

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AbstractElectron polarimetry benefits from the ability to use processes with well-known analyzing powers, hence enabling high precision measurements. Several techniques are employed to measure electron beam polarization, including Mott, Møller, and Compton polarimetry. Each technique has particular advantages and disadvantages, depending on the application. This chapter will focus on the techniques used to measure electron beam polarization, with particular emphasis on the challenges and requirements for achieving high precision. The development of a conceptual design of a Compton polarimeter for the future Electron Ion Collider will also be discussed.
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Lopez-Sanchez, J. M., J. D. Ballester-Berman, F. Vicente-Guijalba, S. R. Cloude, H. McNairn, J. Shang, H. Skriver, et al. "Agriculture and Wetland Applications." In Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar, 119–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56504-6_3.

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AbstractBased on experimental results, this chapter describes applications of SAR polarimetry to extract relevant information on agriculture and wetland scenarios by exploiting differences in the polarimetric signature of different scatterers, crop types and their development stage depending on their physical properties. Concerning agriculture, crop type mapping, soil moisture estimation and phenology estimation are reviewed, as they are ones with a clear benefit of full polarimetry over dual or single polarimetry. For crop type mapping, supervised or partially unsupervised classification schemes are used. Phenology estimation is treated as a classification problem as well, by regarding the different stages as different classes. Soil moisture estimation makes intensive use of scattering models, in order to separate soil and vegetation scattering and to invert for soil moisture from the isolated ground component. Then, applications of SAR polarimetry to wetland monitoring are considered that include the delineation of their extent and their characterisation by means of polarimetric decompositions. In the last section of the chapter, the use of a SAR polarimetric decomposition is shown for the assessment of the damages consequential to earthquakes and tsunamis.
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Papathanassiou, K. P., S. R. Cloude, M. Pardini, M. J. Quiñones, D. Hoekman, L. Ferro-Famil, D. Goodenough, et al. "Forest Applications." In Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar, 59–117. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56504-6_2.

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AbstractThe application of polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) to forest observation for mapping, classification and parameter estimation (especially biomass) has a relatively long history. The radar penetration through forest volume, and hence the multi-layer nature of scattering models, make fully polarimetric data the observation space enabling a robust and full inversion of such models. A critical advance came with the introduction of polarimetric SAR interferometry, where polarimetry provides the parameter diversity, while the interferometric baseline proves a user-defined entropy control as well as spatial separation of scattering components, together with their location in the third dimension (height). Finally, the availability of multiple baselines leads to the full 3-D imaging of forest volumes through TomoSAR, the quality of which is again greatly enhanced by the inclusion of polarimetry. The objective of this Chapter is to review applications of SAR polarimetry, polarimetric interferometry and tomography to forest mapping and classification, height estimation, 3-D structure characterization and biomass estimation. This review includes not only models and algorithms, but it also contains a large number of experimental results in different test sites and forest types, and from airborne and space borne SAR data at different frequencies.
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Colin-Koeniguer, E., N. Trouve, Y. Yamaguchi, Y. Huang, L. Ferro-Famil, V. D. Navarro Sanchez, J. M. Lopez Sanchez, et al. "Urban Applications." In Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar, 215–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56504-6_5.

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AbstractThe experimental result reported in this chapter review the application of (high resolution) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data to extract valuable information for monitoring urban environments in space and time. Full polarimetry is particularly useful for classification, as it allows the detection of built-up areas and to discriminate among their different types exploiting the variation of the polarimetric backscatter with the orientation, shape, and distribution of buildings and houses, and street patterns. On the other hand, polarimetric SAR data acquired in interferometric configuration can be combined for 3-D rendering through coherence optimization techniques. If multiple baselines are available, direct tomographic imaging can be employed, and polarimetry both increases separation performance and characterizes the response of each scatterer. Finally, polarimetry finds also application in differential interferometry for subsidence monitoring, for instance, by improving both the number of resolution cells in which the estimate is reliable, and the quality of these estimates.
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Cotton, William D. "Polarimetry." In Very Long Baseline Interferometry, 275–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2428-4_14.

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Schieck, Hans Paetz gen. "Polarimetry." In Nuclear Physics with Polarized Particles, 145–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24226-7_12.

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Gross, Herbert, Bernd Dörband, and Henriette Müller. "Polarimetry." In Handbook of Optical Systems, 559–642. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527699230.ch6.

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Gadsden, Michael, and Wilfried Schröder. "Polarimetry." In Noctilucent Clouds, 58–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48626-5_5.

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Chipman, Russell A., Wai-Sze Tiffany Lam, and Garam Young. "Polarimetry." In Polarized Light and Optical Systems, 219–94. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2019. | Series: Optical sciences and applications of light: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351129121-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Polarimetry"

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Luo, Haokun, Hongrui Ma, Yunxuan Wei, Demetrios N. Christodoulides, and Mercedeh Khajavikhan. "TaAs Weyl semimetal single-unit multi-port integrated polarimeter." In Nonlinear Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlo.2023.m3b.2.

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We present a TaAs-based single-unit polarimeter which produces unique current responses to any arbitrary pure polarization in the near infrared band. This work opens new avenues in integrated polarimetry.
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Jagroop, Dakshin Tillo, and C. S. Narayanamurthy. "Novel Method for Large Range Measurement of Retardation by Stokes Polarimeter." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2022.jtu5b.2.

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A novel retardation measurement setup based on Stokes polarimetry is developed using a commercially available Polarimeter and along with a new formalism for retardation range of 1-λ with principle axis between –π/4 to + π/4.
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Boerner, W. M. "Recent Advances in Polarimetry and Polarimetric Interferometry." In 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2006.17.

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Wells, Conrad, Samuel F. Pellicori, and Mike Pavlov. "Polarimetry and scatterometry using a Wollaston polarimeter." In SPIE's 1994 International Symposium on Optics, Imaging, and Instrumentation, edited by Dennis H. Goldstein and David B. Chenault. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.186658.

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Chipman, Russell A. "Polarimetric impulse response and polarimetric transfer function for time-sequential polarimeters." In Polarimetry '90, Huntsville, AL, edited by Russell A. Chipman and John W. Morris. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.22060.

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Polyanskii, Peter V. "Static phase conjugator for pseudodepolarized laser beams." In Polarimetry and Ellipsometry, edited by Maksymilian Pluta and Tomasz R. Wolinski. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.271843.

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Manak, Ivan S., Dmitrii V. Karasev, Valerii K. Kononenko, Sergei V. Nalivko, Aleksei A. Romanenko, and Aleksei A. Vitalisov. "Polarization characteristics of quantum-well semiconductor structures." In Polarimetry and Ellipsometry, edited by Maksymilian Pluta and Tomasz R. Wolinski. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.271798.

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Kushnir, Oleg S., and Orest G. Vlokh. "Universal null polarimeter for crystal optics." In Polarimetry and Ellipsometry, edited by Maksymilian Pluta and Tomasz R. Wolinski. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.271799.

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Kiezun, Aleksander, Leszek R. Jaroszewicz, and Ryszard Swillo. "Computer-aided automatic polarimeter." In Polarimetry and Ellipsometry, edited by Maksymilian Pluta and Tomasz R. Wolinski. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.271800.

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Shopa, Yaroslav I., and Modest O. Kravchuk. "Electrically switched compensator in high-accuracy polarimeter." In Polarimetry and Ellipsometry, edited by Maksymilian Pluta and Tomasz R. Wolinski. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.271801.

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Reports on the topic "Polarimetry"

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Tajima, Hiroyasu. Gamma-ray Polarimetry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/812632.

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Spinka, H. Note on RHIC Polarimetry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1149861.

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Spinka, H. Note on RHIC polarimetry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/750790.

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Roberts, Brock, and Matt Poelker. Non-invasive Polarimetry and Magnetometry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1481164.

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Charbonneau, F. Compact polarimetric equations under backward scattering alignment convention. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331496.

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Inconsistencies in scientific literature related to radar compact polarimetry (CP) has raised issues in analysis tool development and in derived results comparison. These inconsistencies primarily result from confusion between the Forward Scattering Alignment (FSA) and the Backward Scattering Alignment (BSA) conventions. This can lead to the misinterpretation of results when the circular direction of rotation of the transmitted signal is not properly considered. This technical note summarizes and demonstrates the relationships between coherently received wave under a linear or a circular configuration for right circular transmitted signals under the BSA convention. As well, it defines the received Stokes vector, for right circular transmitted signals, in terms of a linear or a circular receiving bases and in terms of fully polarimetric data.
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Tajima, H. Gamma-Ray Polarimetry with Compton Telescope. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/827326.

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Yip, K. AGS Polarimetry DAQ upgrade and its usage. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1157487.

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Henry, William. PRECISION MØLLER POLARIMETRY AND APPLICATIONS AT JEFFERSON LABORATORY. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1574104.

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Woods, Michael B. Polarimetry at a Future Linear Collider - How Precise? Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/763746.

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Zelenski A. Polarimetry at RHIC: RHIC polarized beam in Run 2011. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1104832.

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