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Journal articles on the topic 'Polar vinyl monomer'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 April 2023

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1

Zhao, Wei, Zhihao Liu, Yanan Zhao, Yi Luo, and Shengbao He. "Multivariate Linear Regression Models to Predict Monomer Poisoning Effect in Ethylene/Polar Monomer Copolymerization Catalyzed by Late Transition Metals." Inorganics 10, no. 2 (February 21, 2022): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics10020026.

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This study combined density functional theory (DFT) calculations and multivariate linear regression (MLR) to analyze the monomer poisoning effect in ethylene/polar monomer copolymerization catalyzed by the Brookhart-type catalysts. The calculation results showed that the poisoning effect of polar monomers with relatively electron-deficient functional groups is weaker, such as ethers, and halogens. On the contrary, polar monomers with electron-rich functional groups (carbonyl, carboxyl, and acyl groups) exert a stronger poisoning effect. In addition, three descriptors that significantly affect the poisoning effect have been proposed on the basis of the multiple linear regression model, viz., the chemical shift of the vinyl carbon atom and heteroatom of polar monomer as well as the metal-X distance in the σ-coordination structure. It is expected that these models could guide the development of efficient catalytic copolymerization system in this field.

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2

Chen, Qian-Bao, Tian-You Zeng, Lei Xia, Ze Zhang, Chun-Yan Hong, Gang Zou, and Ye-Zi You. "A RAFT/MADIX method finely regulating the copolymerization of ethylene and polar vinyl monomers under mild conditions." Chemical Communications 53, no. 78 (2017): 10780–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc06341e.

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A RAFT/MADIX method can not only copolymerize ethylene with a diverse range of functionally polar monomers, but can also easily tune the polar composition and the polar monomer distribution along the produced copolymer chains.

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3

Zhu, Yuqiong, Sihan Li, Huaqing Liang, Xiuli Xie, and Fangming Zhu. "Titanium complex with an [OSSO]-type bis(phenolate) ligand for ethylene copolymerization with vinyl polar monomer based on group protection." RSC Advances 9, no. 46 (2019): 26582–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra06271h.

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4

Srebro, Monika, Mariusz Mitoraj, and Artur Michalak. "Binding of polar monomers in the complexes with organometallic ethylene polymerization catalysts — Natural orbitals for chemical valence and energy decomposition analysis." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 87, no. 7 (July 2009): 1039–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v09-072.

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The binding mode of polar monomers in complexes with late-transition-metal catalysts for ethylene polymerization was studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The Ziegler–Rauk energy decomposition scheme was used to characterize the geometry distortion and steric and orbital-interaction terms in the bonding energy, while Natural Orbitals for Chemical Valence (NOCV) were applied to describe the donation and back-bonding components of the bond between the monomer and the catalyst. The NOCV analysis allowed for comparison of the donor–acceptor properties of different monomers in the σ- and π-complexes. The complexes with the model, cationic Ni– or Pd–diimine catalysts, N^N–Ni(H)+ and N^N–Pd(H)+, and the neutral Ni–anilinotropone system, N^O–Ni(H), were investigated. The monomers studied included: simple olefins (Et and Pr); examples of oxygen- and nitrogen-containing polar monomers (methyl acrylate (MA), vinyl acetate (VAc), their fluorinated derivatives (FMA, FVAc), vinyl ether (VE), acrylonitrile (AN), and β-butenoic nitrile (BN); vinyl and allyl amines (VAm, PrAm); and a tertiary dimethyl vinyl amine (MVAm). The results demonstrate that the metal-based fragment has a significant influence on the relative stability of the σ- and π-complexes; the π-binding mode increases in the following order: N^N–Ni(H)+ < N^N–Pd(H)+ < N^O–Ni(H). The results of the Ziegler–Rauk bond-energy decomposition indicate that for some monomers (MA, FMA, VAc, AN, VAm, MVAm) the preference of the coordination mode has a steric (electrostatic and Pauli) origin. For other monomers (VE, FVAc, BN, PrAm) the changes in the orbital-interaction terms are important as well. The results of the NOCV analysis indicate that for both, σ- and π-coordination modes there exist components describing σ-donation and π-back-bonding. The sequences of σ-donor and π-acceptor properties of monomers in the π-complexes as well as σ-complexes are similar for the considered catalysts.

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5

Klinpituksa, Pairote, Nurhayatee Chekmae, and Salinee Borthoh. "2-(Methacryloyloxyethyl) Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride Grafted onto Natural Rubber in Latex State." Advanced Materials Research 1105 (May 2015): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1105.293.

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The grafting of polar vinyl monomers onto natural rubber is usually investigated to modify specific properties of natural rubber. The aim of this research was to graft copolymerize 2-(methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride (MAETAC) onto natural rubber (NR), using cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) and tetraethylene pentamine (TEPA) as a redox initiator system. The effects of the initiator system, the monomer, and the reaction temperature and time on grafting were investigated. The grafted product was characterized by FTIR spectrophotometry. The grafting tendency was determined by using the relative absorbance ratio of A1725/A842, which compares the C=O stretching in MAETAC with the =CH out-of-plane bending in natural rubber moieties. Near optimal grafting was obtained with CHP and TEPA both at 0.15 phr, monomer at 20 phr, reacted at 65°C for 120 minutes. The grafting percentage of NR-g-MAETAC was 6.10 as determined by ATR-FTIR.

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6

Castro-Landinez, Juan Felipe, Felipe Salcedo-Galan, and Jorge Alberto Medina-Perilla. "Polypropylene/Ethylene—And Polar—Monomer-Based Copolymers/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites: Morphology, Mechanical Properties, and Oxygen Permeability." Polymers 13, no. 5 (February 26, 2021): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13050705.

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This research reports the influence of polar monomer contents in ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) on the morphology, mechanical and barrier properties of polypropylene/ethylene copolymer (PP) reinforced with organically modified montmorillonite (MMT). PP/EVA and PP/EVOH (75/25 wt %) blends were reinforced with 3 wt % MMT in an internal mixer system. Samples were compression-molded into films of 300μ μm. The structural characterization was made using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the mechanical properties were obtained by tension tests and the barrier properties by oxygen transmission rate (OTR). XRD patterns showed a combination of intercalated/exfoliated morphologies for the MMT, with higher d-001 interplanar distance increments for the blends with higher content of polar functional groups. SEM and TEM micrographs complement the results of the XRD analysis and show differences in the morphologies depending on the miscibility of the polyolefin and the polar monomer copolymer. Mechanical properties and oxygen permeability of composites exhibited a higher improvement, by the addition of MMT, for higher intermolecular interactions and most miscible polymeric system of the EVA. These results show that the higher the number of interactions, given by the VA or OH polar functional groups, the morphology and the miscibility between polyolefin and copolymer imply dispersion improvements of the nanocomposites and, in consequence, a higher improvement on the mechanical and barrier properties of the composite material.

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7

Kuran, Witold. "Polar vinyl monomer polymerization and copolymerization with olefins promoted by organometallic catalysts." Polimery 42, no. 10 (October 1997): 604–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.1997.604.

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8

Marques, Maria M., Susete Fernandes, Sandra G. Correia, Susana Caroço, Pedro T. Gomes, Alberto R. Dias, João Mano, Marvin D. Rausch, and James C W Chien. "Synthesis of polar vinyl monomer-olefin copolymers by α-diimine nickel catalyst." Polymer International 50, no. 5 (April 4, 2001): 579–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.669.

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9

Bodoki, Andreea, Bogdan-Cezar Iacob, Laura Gliga, Simona Oprean, David Spivak, Nicholas Gariano, and Ede Bodoki. "Improved Enantioselectivity for Atenolol Employing Pivot Based Molecular Imprinting." Molecules 23, no. 8 (July 27, 2018): 1875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23081875.

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In the last few decades, molecular imprinting technology went through a spectacular evolution becoming a well-established tool for the synthesis of highly selective biomimetic molecular recognition platforms. Nevertheless, there is still room for advancement in the molecular imprinting of highly polar chiral compounds. The aim of the present work was to investigate the favorable kosmotropic effect of a ternary complex involving a polar chiral template (eutomer of atenolol) and a functional monomer, bridged by a central metal ion through well-defined, spatially directional coordinate bonds. The efficiency of the chiral molecular recognition was systematically assessed on polymers obtained both by non-covalent and metal-mediated molecular imprinting. The influence on the chromatographic retention and enantioselectivity of different experimental variables (functional monomers, cross-linkers, chaotropic agents, metal ions, porogenic systems, etc.) were studied on both slurry packed and monolithic HPLC columns. Deliberate changes in the imprinting and rebinding (chromatographic) processes, along with additional thermodynamic studies shed light on the particularities of the molecular recognition mechanism. The best performing polymer in terms of enantioselectivity (α = 1.60) was achieved using 4-vinyl pyridine as functional monomer and secondary ligand for the Co(II)-mediated imprinting of S-atenolol in the presence of EDMA as cross-linker in a porogenic mixture of [BMIM][BF4]:DMF:DMSO = 10:1:5, v/v/v.

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10

Chen, Zhou, and Maurice Brookhart. "Exploring Ethylene/Polar Vinyl Monomer Copolymerizations Using Ni and Pd α-Diimine Catalysts." Accounts of Chemical Research 51, no. 8 (July 20, 2018): 1831–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00225.

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11

Julius, David, Chunliu Fang, Liang Hong, and Jim Yang Lee. "Mitigating Early Phase Separation of Aliphatic Random Ionomers by the Hydrophobic H-Bond Acceptor Addition." Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 3 (February 25, 2022): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6030073.

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This study reports a new phenomenon whereby the ionic content of a random ionomer was increased by the introduction of a hydrophobic modifier. In the current study, the ionomer synthesized from the solution polymerization of the three vinyl monomers, which are polar hydrophobic monomers acrylonitrile (AN), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), and ionic monomer potassium 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate (SPM), encountered an early phase separation problem when the ionic content exceeded a certain threshold value. However, the addition of a strongly hydrophobic monomer, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl methacrylate (TFPM), during the copolymerization is able to restrain this phase separation trend, consequently allowing 50% more of SPM units to be incorporated and uniformly distributed in the ionomer and achieving a random copolymer chain. The ionic clustering of the SPM units, which is the cause for the phase separation, was reduced as a result. The resulting random ionomer was demonstrated to be a superior proton conducting material over its ternary originator. This is due to the fact that TFPM possesses acidic protons, which brings about an association of TFPM with SPM and GMA via hydrogen bonding. This study could impact the synthesis of random ionomers by free radical polymerization since monitoring ionic content and improving ionic unit distribution in ionomers are issues encountered in several industries (e.g., the healthcare industry).

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12

Mao, Wei, Shouhai Li, Mei Li, Kun Huang, and Jianling Xia. "Design, preparation and properties of novel flame retardant thermosetting vinyl ester copolymers based on castor oil and industrial dipentene." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjct-2017-0040.

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Abstract A novel bio-based flame-retardant thermosetting vinyl ester resin monomer was synthesized from castor oil. The chemical structures of the monomer was characterized by FTIR and 1H-NMR. In order to improve its rigidity and expand its application in the field of bio-based materials, it was mixed with certain proportions of another reactive bio-based VER monomer, which had rigid and strong polar groups, and then a series of copolymers were prepared with thermal curing method. Then their tensile property, hardness, morphology of fractured surface, flame retardant property, DMA and thermostability were all investigated. The results indicated that the copolymers had relatively high tensile strength of 11.2 MPa, and the limiting oxygen index is above 23% in all prepared copolymers. DMA demonstrates that the glass transition temperature of the cured resins is up to 56.1°C. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the copolymers have excellent thermal stability.

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13

He, Jianghua, Yuetao Zhang, and Eugene Y. X. Chen. "Cationic Zirconocene-Mediated Catalytic H-Shuttling Polymerization of Polar Vinyl Monomers: Scopes of Catalyst, Chain-Transfer Agent, and Monomer." Macromolecular Symposia 349, no. 1 (March 2015): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.201400018.

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14

Kageyama, Takeharu, Shingo Ito, and Kyoko Nozaki. "Vinylarene/CO Copolymerization and Vinylarene/Polar Vinyl Monomer/CO Terpolymerization Using Palladium/Phosphine-Sulfonate Catalysts." Chemistry - An Asian Journal 6, no. 2 (January 20, 2011): 690–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asia.201000668.

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15

Honciuc, Andrei, and Oana-Iuliana Negru. "NanoTraPPED—A New Method for Determining the Surface Energy of Nanoparticles via Pickering Emulsion Polymerization." Nanomaterials 11, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 3200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11123200.

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Surface energy with its polar and disperse components describes the physicochemical state of nanoparticles’ (NPs) surfaces, and can be a valuable parameter for predicting their bulk behavior in powders. Here, we introduce a new method, namely, Nanoparticles Trapped on Polymerized Pickering Emulsion Droplets (NanoTraPPED), for measuring the surface energy of a series of silica NPs bearing various surface functional groups. The method consists in creating Pickering emulsions from vinyl bearing monomers, immiscible with water, whereas NPs of interest have a stabilizing role, and in the process, become trapped at the monomer/water interface of emulsion droplets. The Pickering emulsion is polymerized, and polymer microspheres (colloidosomes) decorated with NPs are obtained. NanoTraPPED relies on measuring contact angles from the immersion depth of nanoparticles at the interface of various polymer colloidosomes with the electron microscope. The contact angle values are used as input for the Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble (OWRK) model, to quantitatively determine the total surface energy with water γNP/water, air γNP, and the corresponding polar and dispersive interaction components of NPs carrying -NH2, -SH, -OH, -CN and -C8 surface functional groups, ranking these according to their polarity. Our findings were confirmed independently by calculating the interfacial desorption energies of NPs from contact angles.

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16

Blazevska-Gilev, Jadranka, Jaroslav Kupčík, Jan Šubrt, Vladimír Vorlíček, Anna Galíková, and Josef Pola. "IR laser-induced modification of poly(vinyl acetate): Elimination of monomer and deposition of polar crosslinked films." Polymer 46, no. 21 (October 2005): 8973–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2005.06.107.

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17

Honciuc, Andrei, and Oana-Iuliana Negru. "Role of Surface Energy of Nanoparticle Stabilizers in the Synthesis of Microspheres via Pickering Emulsion Polymerization." Nanomaterials 12, no. 6 (March 17, 2022): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12060995.

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Polymer microspheres are important for a variety of applications, such as ion exchange chromatography, catalyst supports, absorbents, etc. Synthesis of large microspheres can be challenging, because they cannot be obtained easily via classic emulsion polymerization, but rather by more complex methods. Here, we present a facile method for obtaining polymer microspheres, beyond 50 μm, via Pickering emulsion polymerization. The method consists in creating oil-in-water (o/w) Pickering emulsion/suspension from vinyl bearing monomers, immiscible with water, whereas silica nanoparticles (NPs), bearing glycidyl functionalities, have a stabilizing role by adsorbing at the monomer/water interface of emulsion droplets. The emulsion is polymerized under UV light, and polymer microspheres decorated with NPs are obtained. We discovered that the contact angle of the NPs with the polymer microsphere is the key parameter for tuning the size and the quality of the obtained microspheres. The contact angle depends on the NPs’ interfacial energy and its polar and dispersive contributions, which we determine with a newly developed NanoTraPPED method. By varying the NPs’ surface functionality, we demonstrate that when their interfacial energy with water decreases, their energy of adhesion to water increases, causing the curvature of the polymer/water interface to decrease, resulting in increasingly larger polymer microspheres.

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18

Kazakov, Yu M., A. M. Volkov, I. G. Ryzhikova, and S. I. Vol'fson. "High-impact Composites of Polypropylene and Nitrile Butadiene Rubber with Improved Compatibility of the Polymer Components, Obtained by Melt Reactive Compounding. Part 1: The Influence of the Nature of the Polar Vinyl Monomer on the Impact Strength and Deformation Strength Properties of the Composites." International Polymer Science and Technology 45, no. 4 (April 2018): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x1804500404.

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The effect of the components of the modifying system on the impact strength and deformation strength characteristics of polypropylene/nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) composites obtained by reactive compounding was investigated. Studies were conducted on composites containing 23 wt% BNKS-18AMN nitrile butadiene rubber and peroxide modifying system coagents – polar vinyl monomers: maleic anhydride (MA), its polyester with monoethylene glycol (MEG), and a complex of MEG with aromatic amine antioxidant Diaphene FP (DFP). At the same time, we introduced presynthesised compatibilisers based on blends of polypropylene with elastomers of different polarity: ternary ethylene propylene diene copolymer (EPDM) and an NBR modified by grafting of MA or MEG + DFP. It was established that, in this series of coagents, the MEG + DFP complex ensures the most effective dispersion of the BNKS-18AMN phase in the polypropylene matrix during reactive compounding of composites and, in accordance with this, leads to a significant increase in their impact strength and elongation at break. Here, the greatest specificity and effectiveness are possessed by compatibilisers into which an elastomer phase has been introduced: blends of polypropylene with non-polar EPDM, modified with MA, or blends with polar BNKS-18AMN, modified with an MEG + DFP complex.

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19

Kazakov, Yu M., A. M. Volkov, I. G. Ryzhikova, and S. I. Vol'fson. "The Influence of the Polymeric Compatibiliser on the Impact Strength and Physicomechanical Properties of PP/NBR Composites Produced by Reactive Extrusion using a Peroxide Modifying System." International Polymer Science and Technology 44, no. 6 (June 2017): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x1704400603.

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In order to improve the balance of flow, impact strength, and physicomechanical properties of polypropylene/nitrile butadiene rubber composites of structural designation, we investigated the possibility of using two complementary approaches in the process of manufacturing the composites. Firstly, this involves the introduction into the composition of these composites of special polymeric compatibilisers based on maleinised polypropylene with additions of elastomers of different nature. Secondly, it involves the use of the method of dynamic vulcanisation in the process of reactive extrusion of a PP/BNKS-18AMN blend with a peroxide modifying system including as a coagent a complex of polar vinyl monomer (maleic acid polyester and ethylene glycol) with aramine industrial antioxidant Diafen FP. Determination of the principal physicomechanical characteristics of the composites revealed that only the combined use of these two methods of modification makes it possible to achieve a significant shift in the level of impact strength of PP/NBR composites without adversely affecting other indices, with control of the flow of the end products. Here, the most effective compatibilisers were maleinised blends of polypropylene with non-polar elastomers: ethylene–octene copolymer (Engage 8842) and ternary ethylenepropylene rubber (Royalene 563). It is assumed that a probable cause of the improvement in properties of the polymer blends is the considerable increase in the degree of dispersion of the rubber phase of the NBR in the polypropylene matrix under the action of the modification processes described above.

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20

Motoyanagi, Jin, Minh Nguyen, Tomonari Tanaka, and Masahiko Minoda. "Protecting Group-Free Synthesis of Glycopolymer-Type Amphiphilic Macromonomers and Their Use for the Preparation of Carbohydrate-Decorated Polymer Particles." Biomolecules 9, no. 2 (February 19, 2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9020072.

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Polymer particles modified with carbohydrates on their surfaces are of significant interest, because their specific recognition abilities to biomolecules are valuable for developing promising materials in biomedical fields. Carbohydrate-decorated core-shell polymer particles are expected to be efficiently prepared by dispersion polymerization using a glycopolymer-based amphiphilic macromonomer as both a polymeric steric stabilizer and a monomer. To create glycopolymer-type macromonomers, we propose a new strategy combining living cationic polymerization of an alkynyl-functionalized vinyl ether (VE), and the click reaction for the preparation of glycopolymers having a polymerizable terminal group, and investigate their dispersion copolymerization with styrene for generating carbohydrate-decorated polymer particles. This study deals with (i) the synthesis of block copolymer-type amphiphilic macromonomers bearing a methacryloyl group at the α-terminus, and pendant alkynyl groups by living cationic polymerization of alkynyl-substituted VE (VEEP), (ii) the derivatization of maltose-carrying macromonomers by click chemistry of the pendant alkynyl groups of the precursor macromonomers with maltosyl azide without any protecting/deprotecting processes, and (iii) the preparation of maltose-decorated (Mal-decorated) polymer particles through the dispersion copolymerization of glycopolymer-type macromonomers with styrene in polar media. Moreover, this study concerns the specific interactions of the resultant polymer particles with the lectin concanavalin A (Con A).

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21

Ikeda, Hiroshi, Yohei Kawajiri, Minako Kibune Sodeyama, Haruka Takesue Yano, Yuki Nagamatsu, Chihiro Masaki, Ryuji Hosokawa, and Hiroshi Shimizu. "A SiO2/pHEMA-Based Polymer-Infiltrated Ceramic Network Composite for Dental Restorative Materials." Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6010017.

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SiO2-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA)-based composites have been widely used as biomaterials owing to their biocompatibility. However, they have not yet been applied as tooth restorative materials because of their poor mechanical properties. In the present paper, we develop a novel SiO2/pHEMA-based composite with a polymer-infiltrated network (PICN) structure for use in dental restorative materials. A mixture of SiO2 nanoparticles and a poly(vinyl alcohol) binder was sintered at 950 °C to fabricate a porous SiO2 block. A monomer mixture containing 70 wt%-HEMA/30 wt%-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and a benzoyl peroxide initiator was infiltrated into the porous SiO2 block and heat-polymerized to fabricate the SiO2/pHEMA-based composite with a PICN structure. The composite was characterized according to its mechanical properties, surface free energy, and bonding properties with a dental adhesive. The flexural strength was 112.5 ± 18.7 MPa, the flexural modulus was 13.6 ± 3.4 GPa, and the Vickers hardness was 168.2 ± 16.1, which are similar values to human teeth. The surface free energy of the polar component of the composite was 19.6 ± 2.5 mN/m, suggesting that this composite has an active surface for bonding with the adhesive. The composite bonded well to the adhesive, in the presence of a silane coupling agent. The SiO2/pHEMA-based composite was demonstrated to be a potential candidate for dental restorative materials.

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22

Qi, Haixia, Feng Liu, Ning Zhang, Yiwang Chen, Huili Yang, and Zhen Wang. "Studies on high performance nonvolatile polyimides coating: Gamma ray initiated bulk copolymerization of vinyl polar monomer and maleimide-terminated polyimides with flexible backbone and the modifications." Progress in Organic Coatings 73, no. 1 (January 2012): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2011.08.016.

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23

Zhao, Wuchao, Jianghua He, and Yuetao Zhang. "Lewis pairs polymerization of polar vinyl monomers." Science Bulletin 64, no. 24 (December 2019): 1830–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2019.08.025.

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24

Keyes, Anthony, Huong Dau, Hatice E. Basbug Alhan, Uyen Ha, Estela Ordonez, Glen R. Jones, Yu-Sheng Liu, et al. "Metal–organic insertion light initiated radical (MILRad) polymerization: photo-initiated radical polymerization of vinyl polar monomers with various palladium diimine catalysts." Polymer Chemistry 10, no. 23 (2019): 3040–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8py01556b.

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25

Dong, Jie, and Baiquan Wang. "Homo- and copolymerization of norbornene using tridentate IzQO palladium catalysts with dimethylaminoethyl as a side arm." Polymer Chemistry 12, no. 32 (2021): 4736–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1py00699a.

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26

NOZAKI, Kyoko. "Copolymerization of ethylene with non-vinyl polar monomers." Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B 98, no. 5 (May 11, 2022): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2183/pjab.98.014.

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27

Berkefeld, Andreas, and Stefan Mecking. "Coordination Copolymerization of Polar Vinyl Monomers H2CCHX." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 47, no. 14 (March 25, 2008): 2538–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200704642.

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28

Teator, A. J., and F. A. Leibfarth. "Catalyst-controlled stereoselective cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers." Science 363, no. 6434 (March 28, 2019): 1439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw1703.

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The tacticity of vinyl polymers has a profound effect on their physical properties. Despite the well-developed stereoselective methods for the polymerization of propylene and other nonpolar α-olefins, stereoselective polymerization of polar vinyl monomers has proven more challenging. We have designed chiral counterions that systematically bias the reactivity and chain-end stereochemical environment during cationic polymerization. This approach overrides conventional chain-end stereochemical bias to achieve catalyst-controlled stereoselective polymerization. We demonstrate that this method is general to vinyl ether substrates, providing access to a range of isotactic poly(vinyl ether)s with high degrees of isotacticity. The obtained materials display the tensile properties of commercial polyolefins but adhere more strongly to polar substrates by an order of magnitude, indicating their promise for next-generation engineering applications.

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29

Kanamaru, Masami, Toshikazu Takata, and Takeshi Endo. "Radical polymerization of vinyl monomer having diacylurea moiety." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33, no. 8 (June 1995): 1361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080330818.

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30

Ito, Hiroshi, Masaki Okazaki, and Dolores C. Miller. "Radical copolymerization of 2-trifluoromethylacrylic monomers. II. Kinetics, monomer reactivities, and penultimate effect in their copolymerization with norbornenes and vinyl ethers." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 42, no. 6 (2004): 1478–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.20003.

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31

Florjańczyk, Zbigniew, and Włodzimierz Krawiec. "Terpolymerization of maleic anhydride with vinyl monomers." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 27, no. 12 (November 1989): 4099–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1989.080271217.

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32

Gaikwad, Shahaji R., Satej S. Deshmukh, Rajesh G. Gonnade, P. R. Rajamohanan, and Samir H. Chikkali. "Insertion Copolymerization of Difunctional Polar Vinyl Monomers with Ethylene." ACS Macro Letters 4, no. 9 (August 17, 2015): 933–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00562.

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33

Tsvetanov, Ch B., D. K. Dimov, E. B. Petrova, and D. T. Dotcheva. "Solvation effects in anionic polymerization of polar vinyl monomers." Makromolekulare Chemie. Macromolecular Symposia 60, no. 1 (July 1992): 297–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.19920600127.

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34

Adzima, Brian J., Steve C. Taylor, Hongkun He, David R. Luebke, Krzysztof Matyjaszewski, and Hunaid B. Nulwala. "Vinyl-triazolium monomers: Versatile and new class of radically polymerizable ionic monomers." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 52, no. 3 (November 26, 2013): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.27016.

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35

Misra, B. N., J. Kishore, M. Kanthwal, and I. K. Mehta. "Gamma radiation induced graft copolymerization of vinyl monomers onto poly(vinyl alcohol)." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24, no. 9 (September 1986): 2209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080240915.

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36

Umeyama, Tomokazu, Kensuke Naka, and Yoshiki Chujo. "Radical copolymerization of cyclic diarsine with vinyl monomers." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 42, no. 12 (2004): 3023–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.20092.

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37

Tsuchihara, Kenji, Yasuzo Suzuki, Michihiko Asai, and Kazuo Soga. "Polymerization of Polar Vinyl Monomers by Cobalt Complex-Alkylaluminum Compound." Polymer Journal 32, no. 8 (August 2000): 700–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/polymj.32.700.

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Dimov, D., E. Petrova, I. Panaiotov, and Kh Tsvetanov. "Interaction of polar vinyl monomers with lithium picrate in dioxane." Macromolecules 21, no. 9 (September 1988): 2733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00187a015.

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39

Tsuchihara, Kenji, Yasuzo Suzuki, Michihiko Asai, and Kazuo Soga. "Polymerization of Polar Vinyl Monomers with Novel Cobalt-based Catalyst." Chemistry Letters 28, no. 9 (September 1999): 891–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.1999.891.

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40

Ito, Shingo, and Kyoko Nozaki. "Coordination-insertion copolymerization of polar vinyl monomers by palladium catalysts." Chemical Record 10, no. 5 (October 13, 2010): 315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tcr.201000032.

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41

Iwamura, Takeru, Yosuke Morioka, Tomoyuki Nakagawa, and Takeshi Endo. "Selective radical cyclopolymerization of a bifunctional vinyl monomer derived fromN-vinylacetamide." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 42, no. 24 (2004): 6384–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.20532.

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42

Balakrishnan, T., and S. Subbu. "Comparative study of the absolute reactivity of vinyl monomers: Kinetics of polymerization of vinyl monomers initiated by Mn3–thiodiglycolic acid redox system." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 26, no. 2 (February 1988): 355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1988.080260202.

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43

Kohut, Ananiy, Stanislav Voronov, Zoriana Demchuk, Vasylyna Kirianchuk, Kyle Kingsley, Oleg Shevchuk, Sylvain Caillol, and Andriy Voronov. "Non-Conventional Features of Plant Oil-Based Acrylic Monomers in Emulsion Polymerization." Molecules 25, no. 13 (June 30, 2020): 2990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25132990.

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Abstract:

In recent years, polymer chemistry has experienced an intensive development of a new field regarding the synthesis of aliphatic and aromatic biobased monomers obtained from renewable plant sources. A one-step process for the synthesis of new vinyl monomers by the reaction of direct transesterification of plant oil triglycerides with N-(hydroxyethyl)acrylamide has been recently invented to yield plant oil-based monomers (POBMs). The features of the POBM chemical structure, containing both a polar (hydrophilic) fragment capable of electrostatic interactions, and hydrophobic acyl fatty acid moieties (C15-C17) capable of van der Waals interactions, ensures the participation of the POBMs fragments of polymers in intermolecular interactions before and during polymerization. The use of the POBMs with different unsaturations in copolymerization reactions with conventional vinyl monomers allows for obtaining copolymers with enhanced hydrophobicity, provides a mechanism of internal plasticization and control of crosslinking degree. Synthesized latexes and latex polymers are promising candidates for the formation of hydrophobic polymer coatings with controlled physical and mechanical properties through the targeted control of the content of different POBM units with different degrees of unsaturation in the latex polymers.

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Chen, Eugene Y. X. "Coordination Polymerization of Polar Vinyl Monomers by Single-Site Metal Catalysts." Chemical Reviews 109, no. 11 (November 11, 2009): 5157–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr9000258.

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45

Kularatne, Ruvanthi N., Annie Yang, Hien Q. Nguyen, Gregory T. McCandless, and Mihaela C. Stefan. "Neodymium Catalyst for the Polymerization of Dienes and Polar Vinyl Monomers." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 38, no. 19 (August 21, 2017): 1700427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.201700427.

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46

Yang, Wuli, Dong Yang, Jianhua Hu, Changchun Wang, and Shoukuan Fu. "Dispersion copolymerization of styrene and other vinyl monomers in polar solvents." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 39, no. 4 (2001): 555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-0518(20010215)39:4<555::aid-pola1026>3.0.co;2-g.

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47

Marchal, Jérǒme, Yves Gnanou And, and Michel Fontanille. "Effect of tertiary diamines on anionic polymerization of polar vinyl monomers." Macromolecular Symposia 107, no. 1 (April 1996): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.19961070105.

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Dong, Zhong-Min, Xiao-Hui Liu, Ying Lin, and Yue-Sheng Li. "Branched polystyrene with abundant pendant vinyl functional groups from asymmetric divinyl monomer." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 46, no. 18 (September 15, 2008): 6023–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.22913.

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Sæthre, Bård, Preben C. Mørk, and John Ugelstad. "Preparation of poly(vinyl chloride) latexes by polymerization of stabilized monomer droplets." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33, no. 17 (December 1995): 2951–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080331713.

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Todorova, Olga G., Ivan Gitsov, Georgi Borissov, and Alevtina Terebenina. "Copolymerization of new pyrazolone-containing monomers with certain vinyl comonomers." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 29, no. 6 (May 1991): 889–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1991.080290614.

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