Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Poland economics'
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1
Thadden, Goetz Henning von. "Inflation in the reconstruction of Poland 1918-27." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309535.
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Miree, Laif, and Klas Fernandez. "EU Enlargement on Economic growth: Case of Poland." Thesis, Jönköping University, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49171.
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This paper aims to see whether the EU enlargement was associated with positive, negative or non-effect on Poland’s economic growth. To be able to answer this question we use the econometric method, time series with data from 1997 to 2018. The determinants of economic growth in Poland are set of variables selected based on previous studies in the same field of our study. The findings of this study shows that there is no significant relationship between economic growth and the EU enlargement in the case of Poland. The result of our regressions did not demonstrate similar result of previous study which we believe are due to the small number of observation used in our models. However, if our findings reflect the economic reality in Poland, then this can open up a new strand of further research.
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Christev, Atanas, and Felix FitzRoy. "Employment and wages in transition : panel evidence from Poland." Universität Potsdam, 1999. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/4894/.
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New survey data for a panel of Polish firms is used to estimate employment and wage adjustments under various forms of ownership (insider vs. outsider) and asymmetric response to exogenous shocks. In contrast to earlier studies, dynamic panel data estimators (GMM) allow for endogeneity of observed variables and partial adjustment to shocks. Results differ from other findings in the transition literature: wages have little effect on dynamic labor demand and the firm-size wage effect is confirmed. Firms that expand employment have to pay significantly larger wage increases and rising sales add little to employment, suggesting labor hoarding. Dec1ining sales, however, significantly reduce employment and privatization (or anticipation thereof) has the expected benefits.
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Berg, Andrew. "Radical transformation of a socialist economy--Poland 1989-1991." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12602.
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Shields, Stuart Andrew. "Globalisation and Poland : transnational social forces and the Polish transition to a market economy." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275635.
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Golinowska, Stanislawa. "Public social expenditures in Poland in the period of transition." Universität Potsdam, 1998. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/4884/.
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The study presents estimates and analyses of the social expenditure in Poland. Changes which occurred during the transformation period are a reflection of consciously launched political transformations as well as decisions taken as a result of current needs and political pressures. This has an impact on the volume and structure of expenditures which are under consolidation. The debate devoted to budget issues, which gets more intense every autumn, testifies to increasing problems with correcting guidelines for distribution of expenditures. Even slight changes stand for depriving a specified group of transfers, what in democratic conditions produces strong protests.
A similar negative attitude to changes became evident with regard to taxation. Recommendations presented in 1998 by the Polish government [see Ministry of Finance, 1998a, 1998b] introduce substantial modifications to the current tax system (withdrawal from tax exemptions and introduction of a tax-free minimum income) and thus met with a massive reluctance of major political fractions.
This study provides readers with information on the volume of public expenditures, the source of public revenue, that is taxes, and a thorough study on expenditures allocated to social goals. The analysis was carried out on the basis of own estimates, which employ data acquired from the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy.
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Muravytska, Nataliya. "EURO ADOPTION IN POLAND: IMPLICATIONS FOR MACROECONOMIC VOLATILITY." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/24865.
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EconomicsPh.D.
Poland has joined the European Union and is set to join the European Monetary Union (EMU) in the near future. Euro area membership involves potential costs and benefits. On the one hand, Poland will abolish the zloty/euro exchange rate and, as a result, transaction costs and exchange rate risk within the single currency area will be eliminated. On the other hand, it is argued that a single currency area implies the costs stemming from the sacrifice of autonomous monetary stabilization policy, which allows for an independent interest rate policy, and an exchange rate adjustment mechanism in the presence of country-specific shocks. This dissertation focuses on a quantitative assessment of the economic costs of joining the EMU. The evaluation of the volatility of main macroeconomic variables under the current inflation targeting regime and fixed exchanged rate is performed within an optimizing dynamic general equilibrium model of a small open economy with nominal rigidities. Model dynamics under terms of trade and world interest rate shocks are investigated. We find that the euro adoption implies a higher macroeconomic volatility. Analyzing the impact of terms of trade shock, the inflation targeting regime is more favorable, as an inability to devalue the currency under the euroization scenario leads to a slower recovery in demand for non-tradable goods and thus consumption. Considering the impact of a sudden decline in the world interest rate, an excessive zloty appreciation and the tightening of monetary policy under inflation targeting pushes the economy into a deeper recession compared to the adoption of the euro regime, while long-run implications are almost the same for the two scenarios.
Temple University--Theses
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Bednarski, Marek. "Privatisation policy and industrial policy in Poland in the period of transformation." Universität Potsdam, 1998. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/4881/.
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The transformation of centrally planned economies needs privatisation and a co-ordinated industrial policy. This paper presents an overview of the legal basis, tools, and out-comes of privatisation and industrial policies in Poland in the nineties.
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Christev, Atanas, and Hans-Peter Weikard. "Social benefits and the enterprise : some recent evidence from Bulgaria and Poland." Universität Potsdam, 1999. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/4893/.
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In socialist economies firms have provided various social benefits, like child care, health care, food subsidies, housing etc. Using panel data from Bulgarian and Polish firms, this paper attempts to explain firm-specific provision of social benefits in the process of transition. We investigate empirically with the help of qualitative response models, how ownership type and structure, firm size, profitability, change in management, foreign direct investment, wage and employment policies, union involvement and employee power have impacted the state of non-wage benefits provision.
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Bednarski, Marek, and Piotr Kurowski. "Industrial policy and social strategy at the corporate level in Poland : questionnaire results." Universität Potsdam, 1999. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/4887/.
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This paper presents results from a survey of industrial policy of the state and the social security system at the corporate level in Poland. Previous reports in this area indicated preferable directions of research to be taken in order to prove various hypotheses of the purposefulness of an integral approach to industrial policy and social security in the analysis of economic processes in transition (see Weikard 1997). This paper summarises the results and draws conclusions from a questionnaire study on subsidies, social benefits and economic policy in Polish firms during the process of transformation. Our results and conclusions show the scope and character of the processes in the area of industrial and social policy in the period 1994 to 1997.
The paper is divided into five parts. The first part concerns the aims and methodology of the questionnaire; it also gives a brief description of the sample. The second part shows how enterprises dealt with the issues of employment and wages in this period. The third part characterises industrial policy at the corporate level, while the next presents results from the survey of various social schemes pursued. The final part aims at an integral approach in the analysis of various processes taking place in Polish enterprises.
The survey was conducted in the period April to June 1998. Its aim was to observe certain phenomena occurring at the corporate level. The questionnaire was distributed among the managers, directors and presidents of large-size enterprises, which had been selected to satisfy the following three criteria. Firstly, the number of employees had to be considerable (over 300 workers). This criterion was applied following the consideration that certain social phenomena are more conspicuous in enterprises with large manpower. Secondly, only operating enterprises were selected, the enterprises which closed down were disregarded. Finally, for the purposes of the survey the units differed as regards their legal situation and form of ownership.
Out of over 1800 enterprises 370 units were drawn where we sent the questionnaire. Unfortunately, as many as 51.9% of the respondents refused co-operation, questions to a certain extent puts the representativeness of the sample in question. Finally, 178 questionnaires were subsequently completed and returned for analysis. However, not all of these questionnaires included full answers to all of the 75 questions; therefore, while discussing the results of the survey we have indicated the number of relevant answers we have received.
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Kurowski, Piotr. "Scope and forms of state support to enterprises in Poland in period of transition." Universität Potsdam, 1998. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/4883/.
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In centrally planned economies state subsidies were the main instrument of supporting the economic sector. Most of them had also social functions (e.g. through subsidising the consumption of households). In the period of transition, with the withdraw all of the state from economic decisions of the enterprises, new social problems appeared. The paper analyses the process of granting state support to economic units - its scope and forms - in the 90-ties.
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Taspinar, Aytac. "Causal Relationship between export and economic growth : The Poland and Sweden Case." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-4109.
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Behzad, Abdulaziz Besaran. "Did the UEFA European Championship increase the arrival of foreign tourists to the host regions of Poland?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-88874.
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This essay analyses the impact of the UEFA European Championship in 2012 on the regional inflow of tourists in Poland. In this essay we use a difference-in-differences method to compare the regions who hosted the event with the regions who did not host the event. Our results show that there is a statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding the arrival of foreign tourists. The results show that the regions who hosted the event experienced a significant increase in the inflow of tourists and that was related to the tournament. The arrival of foreign tourists increased during the month of June 2012, when the event took place and in the months after. The conclusion we draw from this essay is that the UEFA European Championship had a positive impact both in the short and long run in the inflow of tourists in the regions who hosted the 2012 tournament in Poland.
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Rudelyte, Kotryna, and Maja Bertilsson. "The Impact of EU Accession on Trade : The case of Poland, Romania and Croatia." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49042.
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One of the main reasons to why a membership in the European Union (EU) is so attractive for prospect countries are the free trade agreements the membership entails. The free trade agreements mean that the whole EU opens up as one big market, where tariffs and tolls are no longer an obstacle to trade for its members. Therefore, this thesis analyses whether EU membership actually yields a positive effect on member’s trade. The time series analysis is based on a three-country sample consisting of Poland, Romania, and Croatia during the time period from 2001 to 2018. By applying multiple and Chow’s breakpoint tests, and country-wise and a pooled cross-section analysis model, we examine if the accession to EU impacts each country’s trade volumes. The results indicate that becoming a member of the European Union does not necessarily have a significant effect on Poland’s, Romania’s, or Croatia’s trade even if it is positive.
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Nowak, Barbara Agnieszka. "Serving women and the state the league of women in communist Poland /." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1091553624.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 277 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 264-277). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Szuflita, Magdalena Anna. "Vetenskaplig kommunikation inom kemi och ekonomi : ett polskt perspektiv." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap / Bibliotekshögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18190.
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This study examines the scholarly communication activities in two scientific fields, chemistry and economics, in a Polish context. The dissertation aims at investigating what characterises the publishing choices of researchers and what supplementary forms for the dissemination of research output are used by scholars. In addition, the paper is looking into what are the views and awareness of open access and institutional repositories within this scientific community. This thesis gives the results of semi-structured interviews and an online survey at two academic faculties at a Polish technical university. As its theoretical framework, the study uses Whitley’s theory of the intellectual and social organisation of academic fields and Latour and Woolgar’s study regarding various motivations for publishing. The study found that there are some similarities between the two investigated disciplines, especially in the context of extra-disciplinary factors that have impact on scholars’ publishing choices. The study also revealed that the general awareness of open access is rather good among the participating academics, however the number of open access publications is not very high. In addition, the findings suggest that there were some misunderstanding about the definitions and functions of institutional repositories among scholars.Program: Masterprogram: Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap, Digitala bibliotek och informationstjänster
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Abramczyk, Krzysztof. "Transforming centrally-planned economies : the case of Poland /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA313844.
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Thesis (M.S. in International Resource Planning and Management) Naval Postgraduate School, June 1996.Thesis advisor(s): Robert E. Looney, Roman Laba. "June 1996." BIbliography: p. 67-68. Also available online.
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Shevchenko, Maryna, and Marek Ostaszewski. "Perspectives of economic cooperation between Poland and Ukraine." Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2015. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/45430.
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Shevchenko, Maryna Mykolaivna, and Marek Ostaszewski. "Perspectives of economic cooperation between Poland and Ukraine." Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2015. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/47487.
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Zawartka-Czekaj, Monika, and P. G. Pererva. "Economic methods of waste management in Poland and Ukraine." Thesis, NTU "KhPI", 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/27082.
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Discussed the theoretical-methodical principles of cost management in transitive economy. The features of cost management in the Ukrainian and Polish economies.Розглянуто теоретико-методичні положення управління витратами в транзитивній економіці. Досліджено особливості менеджменту витрат в українській та польській економіці.
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Dias, Mariana Gonçalves. "A Importância da Geopolítica nas Decisões de Localização Internacional: o Caso Russo e Polaco." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/56345.
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Dias, Mariana Gonçalves. "A Importância da Geopolítica nas Decisões de Localização Internacional: o Caso Russo e Polaco." Dissertação, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/56345.
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Turek, František. "Contemporary economic development of Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10442.
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This diploma thesis interprets processes of contemporary economic development in Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia, whereas it is focused on the comparision of selected macroeconomic indicators and at the same time some main factors, which significantly influence the economic development in the area, are highlighted. According to the diploma thesis structure - chosen geographical, demographic, social and regional attributes are identified at first. Afterwards a brief view of transformation process to the free market economies leads to the chronologically organized characteristics of an economic development in the territory. The period of a primary interest begins with a phase 2003-2007 while the year 2008 and predictions of an on-coming development are discussed separately. The very last chapter recapitulates a progress in the euro adoption process and then examines an actual convergence criteria fulfilling in countries, which the euro currency haven't adopted (until 1. 1. 2009) yet.
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Spiro, Nicholas. "The politics of economic transition : 'shock therapy' in Poland 1990-1991." Thesis, University of Kent, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245608.
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In the context of the profound transformative developments in Eastern Europe since 1989. this study examines the political conception and evolution of 'shock therapy' in Poland. As the region's pioneer of neo-liberal engineering, Poland embarked on its post-communist reforms with a singular determination to eliminate hyperinflation and transfer the bulk of its state enterprises into private hands. Emboldened by a unique window of opportunity in the secondhalf of 1989 and driven by a philosophical attraction to Anglo-Saxon-style capitalism. Finance Minister Leszek Balcerowicz's actions epitomised the 'transition' perspective. Emphasising political imperatives in moments of accelerated change, conventional models, and a technocratic agenda, the 'transition' school chose Poland as its exemplary pupil. The 'adaptation' perspective. by contrast, defended by social democrats such as Ryszard Bugaj, recognised the constraints Polish reformers faced in departing from central planning, notably in their efforts to rid state firms of their self-managed status. Stressing the legacies of the past, indigenous structures, and a negotiated framework, the 'adaptation' school eschews sharp historical demarcations and uniform blueprints. Focusing on the endogenous aspects of the Polish transformation. this research demonstrates the need for a multifaceted evolutionary approach in which the 'transition' perspective offers insights on the foundations of 'shock therapy' while the 'adaptation' perspective underscores the significance of the self-management inheritance: the former, it is argued, helps explain the success of macroeconomic stabilisation while the latter reveals the impediments to large-scale privatisation. Four political variants of Polish neo-liberalism are presented in the context of a well-defined policy regime which became entrenched during the 1990-1991 years. The spurious 'shock therapy versus gradualism' debate is then explored in order to illustrate the importance of initial conditions - the Hungarian route being of particular relevance. Finally, the views of the standard bearers of both schools, Jeffrey Sachs and John Gray, are discussed, if only to emphasise the need for clarity and specificity in the reform debates.
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Flotyńska, Anna. "Besteuerung von Unternehmensgewinnen im Licht des Konzepts der konsumorientierten Einkommensteuer." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5249/.
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Die Dissertation widmet sich dem Problem der fiskalischen Konsequenzen der konsumorientierten Steuern, die die unternehmerischen Gewinne unabhängig von der Rechtsform belasten. Im empirischen Teil der Arbeit wird der Untersuchungsgegenstand auf die zinsbereinigte Gewinnsteuer (allowance for corporate equity) eingegrenzt.
Die Untersuchung beruht auf theoretischen Überlegungen sowie einer eigenen Simulationsanalyse. Den Schwerpunkt bilden dabei zwei Kategorien, zwischen denen ein kausaler Zusammenhang vorliegt: die Gestaltung der Bemessungsgrundlage einerseits und die Erfüllung der Fiskalfunktion andererseits.
Das Hauptziel der Arbeit ist es, die fiskalischen Konsequenzen einer nach dem Konzept der Konsumorientierung modifizierten Bemessungsgrundlage der Gewinnsteuern zu überprüfen. Die Abschätzung der fiskalischen Konsequenzen wird aufgrund der vier folgenden Bereiche vorgenommen:
(1) theoretische Konzepte der konsumorientierten Einkommensteuer,
(2) bisherige Umsetzungen der Konzepte der konsumorientierten Gewinnsteuer,
(3) bisherige Untersuchungen der konsumorientierten Gewinnsteuer,
(4) eine eigene Simulation der fiskalischen Konsequenzen der konsumorientierten Gewinnsteuer.
Um das Hauptziel der Arbeit zu erreichen, werden acht in Form von Teilfragen ausformulierte Untersuchungsprobleme gelöst. Sie betreffen sowohl die theoretischen Ausführungen, als auch die empirische Untersuchung. Dabei entsprechen sie den einzelnen Untersuchungsschritten, die in den aufeinander folgenden Kapiteln der Arbeit durchgeführt werden.
Anhand der Analyse der bisherigen wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse und der praktischen Umsetzungen des Konzepts der konsumorientierten Steuern wurde die folgende Haupthypothese aufgestellt: Der Ausfall des Steueraufkommens, der ein direkter Effekt der Gestaltung der Bemessungsgrundlage nach dem Konzept der Konsumorientierung ist, schließt die Fiskalfunktion der Gewinnsteuern nicht aus. Das Verfahren, das eine Verifizierung der Haupthypothese zum Ziel hat, erfolgt durch eine Untersuchung von drei Teilhypothesen: der Hypothese über die Nullsteuer, der Hypothese über den differenzierten Aufkommensausfall und der Hypothese über die Konzentration der Steuerschuld.
In der Dissertation werden empirische Daten aus drei Quellen benutzt. Sie umfassen einen Teil der in Polen in den Jahren 2004-2008 tätigen Unternehmen und ermöglichen es, eine Simulationsanalyse des Aufkommensausfalls durchzuführen. Diese bedient sich der Methodik der Mikro- und Gruppensimulation, was in den bisherigen Untersuchungen zur Unternehmensbesteuerung ein eher selten anzutreffender Ansatz ist.
Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Steuereinnahmen aus der Einkommensteuer und der Körperschaftsteuer durch die Modifizierung der Bemessungsgrundlage deutlich reduziert werden. Die relativ große fiskalische Bedeutung der beiden Steuern bleibt jedoch erhalten und der Ausfall des Steueraufkommens, der direkt nach der Einführung einer konsumorientierten Steuerreform eintreten würde, wäre der „Preis“ für eine bessere, weniger verzerrende Bemessungsgrundlage.
Die Dissertation liefert Ergebnisse, die für die Gestaltung der Steuerpolitik in Polen wie auch in anderen Ländern relevant sind. Dies scheint insbesondere im Kontext des häufig diskutierten Umbaus des Systems der Einkommen- und Gewinnbesteuerung bedeutsam. Darüber hinaus bildet die Arbeit einen Ausgangspunkt für weitere, vertiefte Untersuchungen zu den möglichen Gestaltungsformen der Einkommen- und Gewinnsteuern wie auch zu deren Folgen. Die Methode der Steuersimulation kann weiterentwickelt werden und in anderen Analysen der potenziellen Konsequenzen von Steuerreformen Anwendung finden.The dissertation looks into the problem of fiscal consequences of consumption-oriented business profit tax. The subject of this doctoral thesis is the consumption-oriented taxation of business profits regardless of the legal form of business activities. In its empirical part, the investigation was narrowed to the Allowance for Corporate Equity (ACE). The analysis, carried out on both theoretical and empirical ground, concentrates on two causally related areas: the structure of the tax base and its impact on the fiscal function of the tax on business profits. The main aim of the thesis is to investigate fiscal effects of changing the corporate tax base into one that reflects the concept of consumption-oriented income taxation. The effects are identified in the following four areas: (1) theoretical concepts of consumption-oriented income tax, (2) practical implementations to date of the concept of consumption-oriented business profit tax, (3) other research to date into consumption-oriented business profit tax, (4) author’s simulation of the fiscal effects of consumption-oriented business profit tax. To achieve the main goal, eight detailed research problems must first be solved. These problems are formulated as supporting research questions of both theoretical and empirical nature. The main research hypothesis was formulated based on the analysis of theoretical literature and practical implementations, and it is as follows: the tax revenue loss, which is a direct consequence of consumption-oriented tax base, does not rule out the fiscal function of business profit taxes. In order to verify the main hypothesis, three supporting hypotheses were verified, namely: zero-tax hypothesis; diverse revenue loss hypothesis; and tax liability concentration hypothesis. The investigation was based on empirical data from three sources, all concerned with businesses active in Poland during the period 2004-2008. The microsimulation and group simulation methods were applied, still a rather rare choice in the analysis of business taxation. The research has shown that modification of the tax base results in considerable revenue reduction. Still, profit taxes remain to be of great fiscal importance and the loss of revenue should be understood as the price to be paid for a more properly defined and non-distortionary tax base. The thesis offers conclusions of importance for development of tax policy in Poland and other countries, particularly in the context of the restructuring of the business income tax system. Moreover, the thesis constitutes a starting point for further research on possible methods for defining the income tax structure and on its effects. The simulation method applied in the empirical part of the analysis can be developed and implemented in other research into the effects of potential tax reforms.
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Rie, Jaeryong. "Post-communist Polish economic reform : a class analysis /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Ponterlitschek, Lars. "Fiscal Decentralization in Transition Economies : Efficiency Aspects and Case Study of Poland /." Berlin : Dissertation.de, 2008. http://www.dissertation.de/buch.php3?buch=5636.
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Bell, Janice. "The effects of economic transition on voting patterns in Poland, 1990-1995." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317800/.
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Controversy continues over the political economy of post-communist Poland, regarding both the impact of transition on living standards, and the strength of relations between individual and household-level changes and political support for economic reform. The case of Poland is one example of a more general phenomenon in Central and Eastern Europe (e.g. Hungary and Lithuania), in which parties led by former communists have been democratically elected into power. Poland's reforms from the mid-1980s to 1995 developed in four phases: pre-reform crisis, extraordinary politics, post-reform crisis, and recovery. In 1990, the adverse impact of liberalization on households' living standards was partially offset by improved consumer good supply: 'real' wages fell by 30%, but consumption decreased by approximately 15%. In the medium term, the self-employed and unemployed are the clearest winners and losers. Most others are in a middle category; material conditions remained stable - even during the recession of 1990-1991 - and by some indicators improved substantially. One implicit cost of transition borne by individuals and households is the rise in economic uncertainty. Increased unemployment and poverty, indicators of uncertainty, are concentrated in identifiable socioeconomic groups. Labor markets and poverty profiles are converging with those in advanced markets, suggesting that these problems may not be simply transitional. The distributive impact of transition is reflected in voting patterns. The dependent variable of regional vote shares are regressed against independent variables: unemployment, income, urbanization, and farming and trade sector employment. The most important factor behind electoral support for the former-communist SLD is unemployment. Voting is then examined through a simple rational choice model. When parties can be differentiated by the weight of pragmatic versus (identifiable) ideological policy preferences, voters act rationally and choose the party which combines dominant pragmatism with an ideological stance close to their own preferences. Voters punish overly rigid or ideological parties for lack of responsiveness to their economic interests.
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Kandah, Adlih Shehadeh Ayed. "Privatisation in Poland (1989-1995) : its origins, development and initial impact." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320845.
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Ndzululeka, Pumeza. "Venture capital in emerging economies: a comparative study between South Africa and Poland." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29025.
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This study evaluates the venture capital sector in emerging economies with reference to the South African and Polish venture capital markets. The study focuses on the entrepreneurial, regulative and governmental factors that characterise emerging market venture capital sectors as well as the role that venture capitalists play in economic development. Emerging market venture capital characteristics, similarities and differences found from the literature review were tested in the South African venture capital market by conducting semi-structured interviews with six members of the South African Venture Capital and Private Equity Association. The findings confirm similarities between the two markets and highlight a few differences. The findings also show that South African VCs have very different experiences compared to the Asian VCs mainly due to institutionalization. In conclusion emerging market VCs sectors in Poland and South Africa are seen as having environments that are not deterrent to the growth of the venture capital sector but which with a few adjustments can spur on greater growth of the sector.
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Sowada, Christoph. "Sozialpolitik im Transformationsprozeß am Beispiel Polens." Universität Potsdam, 1996. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1610/.
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Aus der Einleitung:
Die revolutionären Veränderungen, die seit sechs Jahren in den Ländern des ehemaligen Ostblocks stattfinden, überraschten sowohl die politischen Kräfte in den westlichen Industrienationen als auch die Gesellschaftswissenschaftler. Eine Theorie der Transformation existierte nicht, weil wohl niemand ernsthaft daran geglaubt hat, daß sich die zentralplanorganisierten Volkswirtschaften irgendwann für den schwierigen Weg in die Marktwirtschaft entscheiden werden. Erst nach dem Beginn der Transformationsprozesse in Polen und Ungarn erwachten die Politiker und Wissenschaftler. Das steigende Interesse an der Umwandlung von Gesellschafts- und Wirtschaftsordnung resultiert seitdem in einer Flut von Aufsätzen und Konferenzen, gut gemeinten, aber oft kaum durchdachten Ratschlägen und Empfehlungen für die Länder Mittel- und Osteuropas. Die sich nach und nach entwickelnde Theorie der Transformation läuft dem wirtschaftspolitischen Geschehen jedoch ständig hinterher.
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Viehrig, Hans. "Polens Landwirtschaft und ländliche Siedlungen in der Transformation." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1450/.
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Mit dem Beitritt zur Europäischen Union am 01.05.2004 eröffneten sich Polen auch neue Chancen zur weiteren Modernisierung von Wirtschaft und Infrastruktur des Landes. Aus diesem Blickwinkel beschreibt die vorliegende Studie aus wirtschafts- und sozialgeographischer Perspektive die aktuellen transformativen Prozesse in Landwirtschaft und ländlichem Raum Polens seit 1990. Dabei werden nach einem Exkurs zum historischen Wandel der Agrarverfassungen die Transformationsprozesse in der Landwirtschaft als Branche (Privatisierung, Produktionsfaktoren, betriebliche Verhältnisse, Zweig- und Raumstrukturen) und die Entwicklungenen in der nachgelagerten Lebensmittelindustrie analysiert. Es folgt eine Darstellung der demographisch-sozialen und siedlungsstrukturellen Veränderungen im ländlichen Raum, um schließlich auch Fragen der Einbeziehung der polnischen Landwirtschaft in die Europäische Integration aufzugreifen.
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Kawai, Yoshihiro. "The reform of insurance supervisory systems for economies in transition with particular reference to Poland." Thesis, City University London, 2000. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8396/.
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Schwaneberg, Sonja. "The economic exploitation of the Generalgouvernment in Poland by the Third Reich 1939 to 1945." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432412.
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Kalinowska-Beszczynska, Olga. "Venture capital industry emergence in transition economies : Polish experience." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/14702.
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Although there is consensus on the increasing role of emerging and developing economies in global markets, the literature on the mechanisms contributing to their growth remains still limited. The research aims to contribute to knowledge by exploring and understanding the process of transformation from a centrally planned economy into a market based economy. This transformation process is analysed from the perspective of a Venture Capital industry emerging and developing in Poland. The research focuses on the dynamics of particular factors and their impact on a specific set of stakeholders. In order to take a sufficiently broad contextual view, an organizational theory approach was employed. The Venture Capital industry was treated as a community of organizations which are connected by direct or indirect relationships. The interpretative framework was provided by two leading organizational theories: Institutional theory and Resource Dependence theory. The research is qualitative, and is guided by a specially designed framework for collecting and analysing the data. The primary data were collected though semi structured interviews with Venture Capital industry stakeholders of different types, and with different roles in the process. The research contributes to knowledge at three levels. Firstly, it addresses the literature gap on emergence of the Venture Capital industry in Poland. Secondly, it contributes to an understanding of the process of the emergence of a Venture Capital industry and economic transformation. Thirdly, findings may contribute to policy recommendations formulated to accelerate effective development in financial services.
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Wajman, Michal. "Technical and Economical Analysis of Ground Source Heat Pump Systems with BHE in Poland." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-33642.
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Nowadays, Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHPs) are more frequently acting as a main or the only device covering the building heat/cool demand. The most efficient way to extract/dissipate the low-temperature heat from/to the ground is by means of Borehole Heat Exchanger (BHE). In this Master of Science Thesis various aspects related to this technology are studied, focused on summarizing the possibilities of installing this tech-nology in Poland. Borehole drilling methods used in Poland and Sweden are analyzed and the most proper and economical ones according to Polish geological structure are proposed. Approximately for 80 % of Poland the ground should be penetrated with Mud Rotary Drilling, while for the rest 20 % DTH Air or Water driven hammer should be used. Solutions of Thermal Insulated Leg (TIL) Borehole Heat Exchanger cooperation with mechanical ventilation system are proposed and simple preliminary estimations show higher Coefficient of Performance (COP) in comparison to normal, common situation, where standard U-pipe BHE works. The possibility of using a new product (Energy Capsule - EC) in Polish conditions is surveyed, found hard to prosper at Polish market according to its high costs. Profitability of Ground Source Heat Pumps with Borehole Heat Exchanger in different geological regions of Poland is investigated. After conducted simulations it occurred that Polish lowland regions are cheaper in exploita-tion, while uplands regions are less expensive at investment level. Finally, the most ef-ficient BHE conception from those currently available at market as well as recently in-vented is suggested. Annular coaxial BHE in a form of Energy Capsule seems to be the most beneficial from all designs taken into account during performed simulations because of its low price and good thermal properties.
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Materka, Edyta. "Kombinacja, or the arts of combination in agrarian Poland." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/952/.
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Peasants, workers, worker-peasants, nomenklatura and the state in northern Poland’s ‘Recovered Territories’ have employed a strategy they call ‘kombinacja’ to survive economic transitions into and out of socialism from 1945 to the present. Kombinacja is the process of manipulating space and legal, political, or cultural rules in order to appropriate a resource—food, commodities, labour, information, power—and then combine them into an ersatz product to meet an economic, cultural, or political end. No person, class, institution, or economy ‘owns’ kombinacja. The ‘who’ and ‘what’ are relational. The ‘when’ and ‘where’ are contextual. Yet, it is not ubiquitous; every kombinacja is a form of speech that charts a terrain of economic and political trajectories intended to shift the balance of power at a given point in time. This multi-sited historical ethnography tracks how these ‘arts of combination’ have pirouetted across agrarian and industrial, formal and informal, socialist and capitalist boundaries in the agro-industrial commune of Dobra. The arts of combination were forged through the exploitation of workers in Poland’s industrialising cities during the 19th century, across its popularisation as a survival strategy during Nazi-occupation, and towards its reformulation into an economic stabiliser for both villagers and the state during the ‘socialist’ era from 1945 to 1989. Villagers used kombinacja to access or hide resources from the state in the midst of broken supply chains, bureaucratic gridlock, food shortages, and complex regulations. When commune officials turned a blind eye to kombinacja to stay in power, they too drew from the arts of combination to ‘fix’ formal state problems in the commune. Kombinacja was used to subvert and accommodate the state. Reworking the state through kombinacja to ensure that no one went hungry informalised the command economy and contributed to the incremental breakdown of the local state apparatus into a feudal-like order. I then turn to nomenklatura privatisation, potato pilfering, alcohol consumption, mushroom foraging, and other practices to trace how kombinacja is being reformulated (or not) to rework post-socialism. The arts of combination call attention to practices that cut across a series of binaries - capitalist/socialist, formal/informal, state/non-state - to show how those marginalised by power seek to control the conditions of their subjection and how those in position of power seek to control the conditions of others’ subjection. Building upon J.K. Gibson-Graham’s ‘diverse economies’, the case of kombinacja shows us that informality does not always create alternatives that subjugate hegemony; rather, they can alternatively be used to crystallise a hegemonic imaginary. I suggest a much broader understanding of how informality has been a site of ingenuity and nequality, innovation and suffering, across time and space.
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Spash, Clive L. "Substantive Economics and Avoiding False Dichotomies in Advancing Social Ecological Economics." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2019. http://epub.wu.ac.at/7045/1/sre%2Ddisc%2D2019_05.pdf.
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The proposal has been put forward that ecological economics seek to become substantive
economics (Gerber and Scheidel 2018). This raises important issues about the content and
direction of ecological economics. The division of economics into either substantive or
formal derives from the work of Karl Polanyi. In developing his ideas Polanyi employed a
definition from Menger and combined this with Tönnies theory of historical evolution. In this
paper I explore why the resulting substantive vs. formal dichotomy is problematic. In
particular the article exposes the way in which trying to impose this dichotomy on history of
economic thought and epistemology leads to further false dichotomies. Besides Polanyi, the
positions of other important thinkers informing social ecological economics (SEE) are
discussed including Neurath, Kapp and Georgescu-Roegen. The aim is to clarify the future
direction of ecological economics and the role, in that future, of ideas raised under the topic of
substantive economics.Series: SRE - Discussion Papers
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Marín, Lara Roberto. "Path dependency en economías socialistas : revisando la experiencia polaca, checa y Eslovaca." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/146188.
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Seminario para optar al título de Ingeniero Comercial, Mención Ciencias EconómicasEl presente trabajo habla de la importancia del efecto “Path Dependency”, para explicar la evolución de tres economías de Europa Oriental que durante adoptaron un régimen socialista; Polonia, República Checa y Eslovaquia. Para ello se realiza una revisión de literatura referente a la estructura productiva de cada una de estas economías, centrando el estudio en dos períodos principales; socialismo y transición al sistema de mercado, segregando la estructura productiva en tres sectores; agricultura, industria y servicios. Se encuentra que el efecto Path Depedency ayuda a explicar la evolución de la estructura productiva de los tres países estudiados. Además, el efecto se manifiesta en tramos de tiempo de diversa longitud; de tal forma que tanto decisiones tomadas en períodos previos al socialismo, como durante el socialismo, tienen influencia en el devenir actual de la economía. La conclusión anterior se ve reforzada al estudiar la experiencia de dos países de América Latina
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Worrall, David James. "Foreign trade developments in Ukraine, Russia, Poland, Lithuania, Belarus & Moldova (1996-2006)." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2573/.
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This thesis analyses the key developments in foreign trade for Ukraine, Russia, Poland, Lithuania, Belarus and Moldova on a comparative basis between 1996 and 2006. It examines trade developments and restructuring with the region’s two major trade blocs: the European Union (EU) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Using dependable trade models pioneered by Béla Belassa and Herbert Grubel and Peter J. Lloyd, the analyses involve revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and intra-industry trade (IIT) to determine the extent to which structural changes have or have not occurred, which domestic industries are becoming more competitive and the degree of differentiation present. The reason for choosing the aforementioned measurement indices is straightforward. On one hand, RCA identifies those industries that have become relatively more competitive, and attempts to assess whether a given industry enjoys a comparative advantage in production by means of measuring exports. On the other hand, IIT supposes the opposite of comparative advantage theory, and affirms that differences between countries are not the only rationale for trade, because of the presence of increasing returns in scale economies. Thus, it examines the simultaneous import and export of identical, similar or differentiated products in the same industry often between similar countries. Although both indices are usually considered alternatives to each other, there is good reason to see them as complementary. The results of both indices, therefore, provide critical information from which to assess the degree of trade restructuring.
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Campbell, Carolyn. "The impact of association with the EU on domestic industrial policy making : the case of Poland 1990-1995." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:51fa56c3-5e4c-4cfc-ad8e-f0073dd8063d.
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This thesis is a case study of the effects of association with the EU on domestic industrial policy making in Poland during 1990-1995 from a liberal intergovernmentalist perspective, showing how association affected the industrial policy-making autonomy of the Government in relation to other domestic actors in two ways. First, because domestic interests were weak and divided in transition-era Poland, the EU provided political leaders with a sharper focus and allowed them to consolidate domestic support for government industrial policy initiatives. Second, where domestic opposition arose, association helped political leaders to overcome it by giving industrial policy initiatives greater legitimacy and allowing them to be portrayed as "mandatory" for EU membership. The manner in which the Government handled domestic pressure for intervention from state enterprises seeking to avoid painful adjustments and restructuring during the transition offers a prime test of the effects of EU association on industrial policy-making autonomy. In most areas, the pro-market, pro-competition policies mandated by EU association were incompatible with the nature and level of governmental involvement in industry under socialism, requiring an end to state subsidies and other forms of discretionary support enjoyed by state enterprises for nearly four decades. Incorporating case studies of the steel and textiles sectors, this thesis illustrates how in the context of transition, the Government's commitment to EU association was stronger than for other recent EU members and ensured that the Government would deviate from the course charted in the Association Agreement only in cases of intense domestic pressure, and even then only temporarily. Accordingly, in a new twist to liberal intergovernmentalism, Poland's transitional domestic situation coupled with the country's enduring commitment to eventual EU membership ensured that the effects of association on policy-making autonomy were more pronounced in Poland than in existing member states.
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Kozlowska, Olga. "The lived experience of economic migration in the narratives of migrants from post-communist Poland to Britain." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/122520.
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This thesis examines the lived experience of economic migration of young and degree level educated migrants from Poland to Britain. The main aim is to explore how the participants of economic migration within the borders of the European Union experience migrating. The special feature of this migration is the fact that they leave a postcommunist country and come to a country with a well established capitalist economy and long-standing democracy. The particular questions are: how these migrants construct their experience of migrating, are they faced with any problems while doing it, and if so - how do they resolve them? The data comes from twenty-two semi-structured interviews with migrants educated to degree level who were residents and worked in one of the regions of England at a professional level or below their qualifications (manual or simple clerical work). The research utilises the critical discourse analysis perspective; the data is approached with analysis focused on linguistic choices (lexical and grammatical) evident in the respondents’ statements. This kind of analysis enables observation and in-depth interpretation of the way experiences of migrating are constructed. The migrants’ narratives were full of discursive struggle while constructing their experience of migrating. Firstly, the interviewees made an effort to present their migration as rational. Secondly, they were trying to rationalise their financial needs to refute accusations of greed for money. Thirdly, the underemployed migrants justified their employment choices by distancing themselves from work below that which they were qualified for. Fourthly, the interviewees were making an attempt to withdraw from a multicultural community by constructing the negative Other. Exploring lived experience of living and working abroad reveals competitive discourses and ways of coping with ambivalence. Understanding these discursive practices requires knowledge of their beliefs and values that underpin the discourses available in the Polish postcommunist society. Overall, the narratives overflowed with dilemmas that showed this migration as more complicated on an individual level than the official discourse of free movement of people in the EU suggests. This thesis captures the migrants’ lived experience within one year after the EU enlargement; it reflects on the narratives being shaped when migrants were given the opportunity to introduce the new discourses on migration or re-think the old ones as a result of new macro-processes in the European Union. This research complements other studies exploring migrants’ voices in search of insight into what their experiences were and how they made sense out of them. However, with the methodology used, it focuses more on uncovering the struggle over arguments available to build their stories. It offers explanation to their discursive practices by analysing them against the discourses as being products of postcommunism. The study’s results may shed more light on recent processes within this group of migrants and also inform institutional policy and practice about problems affecting members of this group, reported in this thesis.
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Wu, Tian. "Democratization in Post-Communist Countries Lessons from the experiences of Poland and Ukraine." Marietta College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=marhonors1259958972.
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Tong, Wei. "Poland's influence in the European Union, a perspective of the Eastern partnership." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2555598.
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Gorny, Agata. "The role of social, economic and political networks in settlement migration to Poland : the case of Ukrainian immigrants." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399327.
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De, Chalendar Kalman (Kalman Olivier Petro), and Marc Giraud. "Economic complexity and product space of Visegrad countries : a new perspective on Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111460.
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Thesis: S.M. in Management Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 68).
In 1991, four Central European countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia) decided to form a political alliance called the Visegrad Group to explore paths of cooperation in various domains. Since the fall of communism, these countries have followed a formidable development trajectory that culminated with their integration in the European Union in 2004. In this thesis, we approach this region using a new macroeconomic theory that provides a framework to evaluate the complexity of economies and their productive structures. After analyzing trade data at a world level we find that V4 countries have complex economic structures. They also demonstrate a high level of robustness as they maintain consistent Economic Complexity Rankings when we vary the theory's underlying assumptions. We show that V4 countries have acquired capabilities relevant to many sectors, which provides them with numerous development opportunities. Based on those findings, we suggest policy recommendations leading both to stronger regional integration and to the creation of a more attractive business environment.
by Kalman de Chalendar and Marc Giraud.
S.M. in Management Studies
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Kizilbash, Arek Jeffrey. "Rosa Luxemburg, national economic thought, and the problem of industrial development in the Kingdom of Poland (1896-1915)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612721.
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Liwski, Mateusz, Матеуш Ливски, and Матеуш Лівски. "Economic procedural law: a comparison of the experience of Ukraine and Poland in the context of court proceedings." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/48743.
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The development of Ukraine as a democratic socially oriented state, the
reform of the market economy necessitates the introduction of new socioeconomic mechanisms for regulating and protecting the economic sphere. The
problem of development economic procedure law is quite relevant at this stage
of development of the country, because the legislation in the field of economic
sphere is characterized by the presence of contradictions, imperfections of the
law, as well as difficulties in resolving disputes over economic and business.Розвиток України як демократичної соціально орієнтованої держави, реформа ринкової економіки зумовлює необхідність запровадження нових соціально-економічних механізмів регулювання та захисту економічної сфери. Проблема розвитку економічного процесуального права є досить актуальною на цьому етапі розвитку країни, оскільки законодавство у галузі економіки сфера характеризується наявністю суперечностей, недосконалості законодавство, а також труднощі у вирішенні суперечок щодо економіки та бізнесу
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Przepiora, Andrzej. "Identification of marketing strategies in the Polish dairy sector." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327268.
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De, la Rosa Denise M. (Denise Mary) 1949. "Financial Reporting in Poland: Privatization of Select Firms Traded on the Warsaw Stock Exchange." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278962/.
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Poland's transition from a centrally-planned economy (CPE) to a market economy began in 1989. Building a market economy out of the failures of a CPE represents an unprecedented process in the history of economic development. At the core of the transition is the privatization of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Many problems encountered during privatization are accounting related, and before privatization can occur valuation issues must be resolved.
What has been the role of accounting in Poland's transition? Accounting is an interactive process that reflects and creates reality. The accounting process facilitates the calculation of the value created by a firm by attempting to trace the flow of resources through the value-creating process, and it identifies, measures, records, summarizes, and reports transactions. How these transactions are internalized determines how they flow through the accounting process, and, because the former SOEs are complex organizations in transition, decisions concerning when and how to record events can be diverse.
The primary objective of this study is to provide insight into the accounting transition in Poland by addressing issues of ownership rights, valuation, financial reporting, and disclosure. The research question is: How is accounting transforming and being transformed in Poland? The research question is addressed in the context of the political and economic environment of three SOEs privatized and traded on the Warsaw Stock Exchange.
To identify the role accounting played, I examined the financial reports of three of the first Polish SOEs privatized, employing case study methodology. The analysis indicates that accounting facilitated the transition by creating capital with the overstatement of assets. The overvalued assets will have to be absorbed in future periods, and subsequent research should address this problem.