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1
Łakomiak, Aleksandra, and Kirill A. Zhichkin. "Economic aspects of fruit production: a case study in Poland." BIO Web of Conferences 17 (2020): 00236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201700236.
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The article discusses the economics of fruit growing in Poland. Poland currently holds leading positions in the cultivation of apples, cherries, raspberries, currants, gooseberries, blueberries, strawberries and mountain ash. In 2017, the area of fruit growing in Poland amounted to 390 570 thousand ha. In this regard, the problem of efficiency arises. The authors analyze the cost structure of apple production as the most important horticultural culture in Poland.
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Krasowicz, Stanisław, and Mariusz Matyka. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF SOIL UTILIZATION IN POLAND." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XX, no. 5 (October 18, 2018): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.6691.
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The study presents socio-economic aspects of soil utilization in Poland. It was indicated that the rational use of agricultural land is one of the priorities for Poland’s development. It is also a challenge for science and advisory, serving business practice. The basic sources of information were statistical data of the Central Statistical Office (GUS) from the years 2000-2015. Changes in the use of agricultural land in voivodships, taking into account their specificity, were also considered. It was found that rational use of Polish soils requires support from science and cooperation with regional and local government authorities at different levels of management.
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Wisniewski, G., M. Rogulska, G. Grzybek, P. Fugiel, and Stanislaw M. Pietruszko. "Economic aspects of renewable energy utilization in Poland." Renewable Energy 6, no. 3 (April 1995): 233–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-1481(95)00030-n.
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Wosiek, Małgorzata, and Ryszard Kata. "Trade at the Polish-Ukrainian borderland—selected economic aspects." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 64, no. 2 (February 28, 2019): 44–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.8528.
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The purpose of the study is to characterize and assess the influence of selected economic factors on the value of purchases made by Ukrainian citizens in Poland at the border (so-called unregistered turnover on customs declarations). The ex-change rate andlabour migration as well as the impact of political disorders that occurred at the end of 2013 in Ukraine were analysed in detail. The analysis covered the period 2009—2017. Data were derived from the questionnaires of the Statistical Office in Rzeszów, Local Data Bank of Statistics Poland, State Statistics Service of Ukraine and the Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy. The analysis of correlation and regression were used as the basic research tools. The results of the study show that political events affected cross-border trade indirectly through, inter alia, the exchange rate, which limited the expenses made by Ukrainian citizens in Poland. However, this impact was not strong enough to reverse the upward trend in cross-border shopping. The analyses did not provide statistically significant indications of a cause-and-effect relationship between labour migration flows of Ukrainian citizens to Poland and cross-border trade.
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Nemesh, Petro, and Vitalii Kadala. "ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE FRANCHISE AGREEMENT IN POLAND." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-1-137-142.
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The purpose of the article is to study the economic and legal nature of the franchise agreement in Poland. Since franchising in this country has become the most common way of establishing a business, it is advisable to identify the key economic and legal features of the franchise agreement in which the parties specify their rights and obligations, the franchise price, the duration of the franchise relations, the procedure for performing calculations, etc. The subject of the study is a franchise agreement in Poland. Research methodology. The research is based on the use of general scientific and special-scientific methods and techniques of scientific knowledge. The dialectical method allowed us to investigate the definition of a franchise agreement in Poland and its key terms. The comparative legal method was used to compare doctrinal approaches to this issue. The statistical method was used to establish data that reflects the effectiveness of franchising activities. The method of system analysis helped to find out in which areas of economic activity franchising is most demanded. Interpretation of the content of Polish legal acts governing issues related to the conclusion of a franchise agreement in this country was realized with the help of the normative-dogmatic method. The system-structural method was used to study the franchise agreement in Poland as a single entity (system) with the coordinated functioning of all its elements. The methods of grouping and classifying formed the basis for separating the list of conditions, which are necessary for concluding a franchise agreement in Poland, as well as provisions that should be included in the content of this agreement. Methods of analysis and synthesis helped to study some parts of this agreement to formulate further conclusions. Practical application. The positive experience of Poland in regulating issues related to the conclusion of a franchise agreement can be used for making appropriate changes to the Ukrainian legislation. Although there is no special legislation in Poland, which regulates the issues connected with this kind of contract, the adoption of a number of progressive economic measures, as well as complement existing regulations with the provisions on franchising, allowed Poland to become one of the most attractive countries for foreign entrepreneurs. Correlation/originality. This scientific work is the first research in Ukraine devoted not only to general issues of regulation of franchising activity in Europe but specifically to the franchise agreement in a separate country (in Poland) and its legal and economic peculiarities.
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Ocieczek, Grzegorz. "Combating Organised Economic Crime in Poland: Statistical and Organisational Aspects." Central European Journal of Comparative Law 4, no. 1 (June 14, 2023): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.47078/2023.1.73-90.
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The subject of the article is to discuss the determinants of economic crime in Poland from a criminal law perspective. The author discusses the characteristics of the issue and the genesis of organized crime in Poland. He presents statistics that discuss the activities of criminal groups and the development of economic crime in Poland. The text discusses important issues from the perspective of the prosecution of the crimes in question and the role and position of selected legal protection authorities. The author points out the strengths and weaknesses of the Polish system for combating economic crime. The article provides guidelines and recommendations for changes in the Polish legal system to improve the prosecution and detection of economic crime.
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Dyr, Tadeusz, Karolina Ziółkowska, Agata Jaździk-Osmólska, and Małgorzata Kozłowska. "Economic safety aspects of the road traffic in Poland." Central European Review of Economics & Finance 21, no. 5 (October 31, 2017): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/ceref.2017.019.
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Road accidents are generating economic and public high costs. They include: losses resulting from the long-lasting or temporary impossibility of creating GDP, expenses on the treatment and rehabilitation of people injured in the accidents, costs of emergency services involvment, payment of compensations and benefits, financial losses or emotional suffering of the accidents' victims and perpetrators' relatives, leading to reduce their economic activity. Statistical data presented in the point out to the high risk of road accidents. Also causes of unsatisfactory level of the road safety improvement in Poland were presented.
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Turek, Marian, Aneta Michalak, and Izabela Jonek-Kowalska. "Economic Aspects of Reducing Low-Stack Emission in Poland." System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/czoto-2019-0044.
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AbstractThe objective of the paper is to present the problem of low-stack emission in the economic and financial context. The paper presents the results of preliminary research based on literature review and environmental reports. After completing the selection of publications and data extraction, which could help to describe the issue raised, their analysis, comparison and generalization was conducted. The aspects presented may constitute a starting point in building a model of pricing the economic results of low-stack emission. In the first place the phenomenon of smog was subject to analysis, as one of the most significant consequences of low-stack emission, influencing health of human beings, environment and tangible assets. Then an attempt was made to express the previously identified results of low-stack emission in the economic and financial categories, taking into consideration the costs incurred for the purposes of completing the undertakings aimed at decreasing low-stack emission, costs avoided due to the decrease of the number of illnesses caused by low-stack emission, costs avoided due to the restriction of the negative influence of low-stack emission on the environment and on tangible assets as well as economic benefits achieved thanks to the reduction of low-stack emission.
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Krzysztoszek, Jana, Dorota Koligat, Piotr Ratajczak, Wiesław Bryl, Maciej Cymerys, Karolina Hoffmann, Ewelina Wierzejska, and Paweł Kleka. "Public health Economic aspects of hypertension treatment in Poland." Archives of Medical Science 3 (2014): 607–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2013.32853.
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Kudrycka, Izabella, and Małgorzata Radziukiewicz. "The economic aspects of contradiction between generations in Poland." Statistics in Transition new series 11, no. 1 (July 16, 2010): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.59170/stattrans-2010-011.
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Lis, Teresa, Krzysztof Nowacki, and Tomasz Małysa. "OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY MANAGEMENT – ECONOMIC ASPECTS." Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Humanitas Zarządzanie 25, no. 1 (March 31, 2024): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.4974.
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The safety and health protection of employees in the workplace is one of the most important aspects of the European Union and should be perceived in the same way in Poland. Achieving an appropriate level of occupational health and safety as well as a safety culture in an enterprise requires specific outlays, including financial ones, from the employer. Entrepreneurs are only slightly aware of the magnitude of losses caused by inadequate working conditions. Few workplaces carry out analyses of the relationship between the level of occupational health and safety and the costs incurred, and not all costs related to accidents at work are analyzed – especially indirect costs.The article presents what activities and related costs improve the company’s occupational health and safety level, what events generate only losses, and how the level of occupational health and safety affects the amount of social security contributions for accidents at work and occupational diseases.
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Milewska, Anna, and Agnieszka Parlińska. "Ekonomiczno-prawne uwarunkowania gospodarki niskoemisyjnej w samorządach terytorialnych – wybrane aspekty." Studia Iuridica, no. 89 (May 2, 2022): 239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-89.12.
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The development of a low-emission economy in Poland is dictated by the requirement to reduce GHG and other air pollutants in all areas of the economy. The greatest expectations in terms of air quality improvement are related to limiting the use of coal for energy production, implementing new technologies, and increasing energy efficiency. It is the responsibility of local governments to develop appropriate strategies to help achieve these goals, especially in the areas of construction and public transportation. The article presents an analysis of legal regulations in the field of low-carbon economy in Poland. It discusses the role of local government in the development of a low-carbon economy. It also determines main problems and challenges in implementing a low-emission economy.
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Manikowski, Arkadiusz. "Economic Aspects of Cash Access Problems." European Management Studies 2023, no. 4 (January 17, 2024): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7172/2956-7602.102.6.
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Purpose: The aim of the article is to examine if difficulty of access to cash may influence the financial exclusion in Poland. Design/methodology/approach: The analysis was performed using microdata collected in the survey on payment habits of Polish consumers and spatial data on ATMs locations. Estimated distance to points where cash can be withdrawn together with feature of respondents of the state of possession of a payment account helps to identify relationships between access to cash and financial exclusion. To prove significance of the relationship, a statistical test is used. Findings: The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the existence of a real risk associated with the problem of the physical availability of cash. which is caused by the systematic reduction of the network of ATMs and commercial bank branches handling cash, which are the main points where consumers can withdraw it. This may consequently lead to financial and social exclusion of certain groups of consumers for whom cash is the main, or even the only, means of making payments. Results support the thesis that payment account without (real) option of easy access to cash may discourage consumers from opening the account and contribute to increased financial exclusion. It is especially visible in rural regions and small towns where we observe high level of exclusion (lack of payment accounts) and longer distance to the nearest ATM. Research limitations/implications: The presented results were based on simple statistical analyses. Further research should include econometric modeling using logit/probit models. Originality/value: The obtained results are the first on the impact of access to cash on financial exclusion in Poland and consistent with the situation in other European countries. The results allow to show the importance of access to physical money in a broader context than just having means of payment to pay for purchases.
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Žídek, Libor. "Transformation in Poland." Review of Economic Perspectives 11, no. 4 (January 1, 2011): 237–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10135-011-0015-x.
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Transformation in Poland The paper analyses transformation process in Poland between 1989 and 2004. The goal of the paper is to clarify the most important steps in the economic policy that were carried out in this period. The structure of the paper follows this general goal. We first of all analyse economic development of the country before the fall of the communist regime because this determined the whole following process. Then we shortly mention political development that had a significant impact on the transformation process, and its results. In the next part we concentrate on the main steps in the economic transformation, and consequently devote place to specific aspects - for example privatisation. The final part analyses the main economic indicators of this period. We conclude that the transformation process achieved its main economic goal and the economy's ability to grow increased.
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Mosiej, Józef. "Sustainable Rural Development Policy in Poland – Environmental Aspects." Acta Regionalia et Environmentalica 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aree-2014-0008.
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Abstract The author discusses issues of sustainable development in rural areas in Poland from the perspective of natural resources management. Sustainable development of rural areas is the way of managing which links economic, social and ethical principles with ecological safety. This may be reached by proper management, directed on cautious usage of ecosystems’ self-controlling mechanisms, with the progress of science and technology. Agriculture in Poland is one of the most important sectors from an economic perspective and its importance is greater in Poland than in other countries in the EU. It has an influence not only on the social and economic situation of the rural population, but also on the natural environment, structure of landscape and biodiversity. From ecological point of view, functions of rural areas are not only being a place for production of food, resources for industry and green energy, but also supplying environmental goods such as protection of biodiversity and influencing air and water quality as well as landscape. The author presents ways to reduce the pressure of agricultural activities on water resources in the region, catchment and farm scale
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Smolen, Slavomir, and Marzena Budnik-Rodz. "Technical and economic aspects of waste heat utilization." Thermal Science 11, no. 3 (2007): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0703165s.
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The main aim of the following presentation is the comparison and evaluation of the conditions for waste heat utilization in Germany and in Poland. This paper presents synthetically the results of economic analysis of the different technical variants. The employment of heat pumps and other heat transformers, respectively, can reduce the energy consumption, but using of those technical possibilities depends mainly on the economic aspects. The main parameters of the financial calculations were the energy and equipment costs but beyond it a number of other factors were also considered and compared, for example calculation interests, profit tax level and similar. Four different technical alternatives were analyzed, it is using of absorption heat pump, compression heat pump, heat transformer (absorption), and a special combined system with gas motor to drive of heat pump compressor. The capital value as main result of the investigations is in Poland generally lower because of relatively high investment cost and lower energy prices compared to the situation in Germany and West Europe. The basis for the presented comparative analysis was an industrial project in Germany which effected in development of concepts for waste heat using. .
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Dzikuć, M., and K. Łasiński. "Technical and Economic Aspects of Low Emission Reduction in Poland." International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering 22, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 1107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijame-2017-0072.
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Abstract The paper presents the problem of excessive air pollution in Poland caused mainly by low emission. The emission arises in result of heating flats by means of old and energetically inefficient heating installations. In Poland and Bulgaria the inhaled air is of the worst quality out of all EU countries. The paper presents economic and technical problems related to low emission occurring during the combustion of solid fuels in local boiler houses. Furthermore, the most significant economic issues, connected with the reduction of low emission are discussed, as well as technological possibilities of efficient reduction of the amount of pollution in the atmosphere. Conclusions are presented at the end of the article.
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Rodziewicz, Tadeusz, Aleksander Zaremba, and Maria Wacławek. "Technical and Economic Aspects of Photovoltaic Conversion of Southern Poland." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 21, no. 2 (July 8, 2014): 337–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eces-2014-0026.
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Abstract The article presents the results of a 13-year tests and analysis of performance and energy and electrical charge yield for typical photovoltaic modules made of different absorbers. Modules were installed on the south wall of Opole University building (at kard. B. Kominka Street). Registered in this period (2001-2013) values energy and charge of tested modules are presented in reference to 1 Wp their nominal power and to 1 m2 of PV modules. Their annual and monthly distributions, with particular emphasis on the seasonal changes of its parameters and phenomena of aging and degradation of the PV modules structure were shown. In the final part of the article was presented an economic analysis of the profitability of investment in 20 kWp grid connected PV system with and without implemented the program to support investment in renewable energy, which respect to the newly implemented in Poland Act on RES.
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KLODZIŃSKI, MAREK. "ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF PART TIME FARMING IN POLAND." Sociologia Ruralis 27, no. 1 (April 1987): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.1987.tb00318.x.
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Hązła, Marceli. "Economic aspects of the judiciary." Probacja 2 (June 30, 2024): 195–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.5722.
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The timeliness and predictability of the judiciary play an important role in the economic system as a whole by reducing uncertainty for market actors. Unfortunately, due to the indirect nature of its impact on economic development and the difficulty in estimating the 'return on investment' of the judiciary, this issue is still not sufficiently emphasised in mainstream discussions to date. This article presents selected economic aspects of the judiciary, reflecting on its effectiveness in European countries, in particular Poland. The efficiency of the Polish justice system is quite adequate to the resources spent on it. In particular, the overall functioning of the criminal system and the relatively low costs of proceedings, combined with a high recovery rate for civil and commercial cases, deserve high praise. However, the Polish civil and commercial justice system is still in need of certain reforms. These include solutions related to the automation and digitisation of courts and the development of alternative, conciliatory methods of dispute resolution - which so far handle a negligible percentage of all proceedings. These solutions could significantly improve the quality of the Polish judiciary, contributing to a decrease in the expected disposition time, which has increased significantly over the last decade.
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Góral, Anna, Jarosław Klaś, and Katarzyna Kopeć. "Dziedzictwo a rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy w Polsce. Propozycje wskaźników statystycznych." Zarządzanie w Kulturze 24, no. 3 (2023): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843976zk.23.013.18658.
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Heritage and the Socio-Economic Development of Poland. A Proposal for Statistical Indicators The article focuses on the issue of measuring the impact of cultural heritage on socio-economic development. The aim of the research, which this article was based on, was to develop proposals for statistical indicators to measure the impact of heritage on socio-economic development in Poland. In the course of the research, an attempt was made to answer the following research question: What statistical indicators can be used to measure the impact of heritage on the socio-economic development of Poland in the context of monument protection policy, society, economic situation and environmental aspects? The research was carried out using the analysis of existing data. The completed research allowed there author to establish the proposed set of statistic indicators that could be used to measure the impact of cultural heritage on socio-economic development in Poland in four areas: monument protection policy, society, economic situation and environment aspects.
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Adamowicz, Magdalena, and Jakub Puszkarski. "Legal aspects of sustainable development of seaports in Poland." SHS Web of Conferences 57 (2018): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185701001.
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Sea ports are the driving force behind economic development. If ports operate efficiently and in conditions that support growth, the entire national economy gains. However, ports facing barriers and a scarcity of favourable factors have a negative impact on a country’s economy. In terms of sustainable development, it does not suffice to increase the economic potential of ports; it is also necessary to strive for balance between social and environmental interests, so that the sea may provide for everyone, including the future generations. It is important to enable ports to operate in such a way as not to stunt their competitiveness but to allow for development without disrupting the social and economic balance. The aim of this article is to investigate whether the existing legal instruments in the field of sustainable development of ports match the specific profile of ports as entities and whether the assumptions for sustainable development work well in practice. The article contains an analysis and assessment of legal regulations concerning sustainable development of sea ports. Selected legal instruments with direct or indirect impact on the formation of the sustainable development policy for Polish sea ports have been analysed at the global, European and national levels. Reference has been made to regulations related both to hard law and soft law. The article draws special attention to a balance between social, economic and environmental interests as a foundation for sustainable development.
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Petecki, Ignacy. "ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF MARKET REGULATION OF SOCIALLY SIGNIFICANT PRODUCTS IN UKRAINE AND POLAND." Journal of Lviv Polytechnic National University. Series of Economics and Management Issues 7, no. 2 (November 1, 2023): 164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/semi2023.02.164.
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Purpose. The article is devoted to the economic and legal aspects of regulating the market of socially significant goods and services in Ukraine and the Republic of Poland. State regulation of the cost of products and other socially significant goods was introduced in Ukraine at the legislative level in order to provide additional social and economic guarantees in connection with the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and continues during martial law. Scientific approaches to understanding the concepts of socially significant goods and socially significant market are considered. The article analyzes the basic legal acts and economic aspects of regulating the market of socially significant goods and services in Ukraine and strategicgoods in the Republic of Poland. In particular, the following were studied: Law of Ukraine “On prices and pricing”, Resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine “On measures to stabilize prices for goods of significant social significance, goods of anti-epidemic purpose”, “On regulation of prices for certain types of food products and ensuring the stable operation of manufacturers of food in conditions of martial law”, Law of the Republic of Poland “On foreign trade in goods, technologies and services of strategic importance for the security of the state, as well as for the maintenance of international peace and security, and amendments to some laws”, Resolution of the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Poland “About the list of goods of strategic importance”. Such important factors as control and responsibility, which contribute to the effective implementation of legal norms in the sphere of price regulation of socially significant goods and services, and as a consequence the achievement of an economic result, have been studied. The price policy for socially significant goods in Ukraine and Poland has been studied, their comparative characteristics have been made, attention has been focused on dairy products. It was established that the average price of socially significant goods in Ukraine is more expensive than in Poland. Design/methodology/approach. The following methods are used in the work: analysis and synthesis – for the analysis of modern regulatory and legal aspects of the regulation of the market of socially significant goods and services in Ukraine and strategic goods in the Republic of Poland; the systematic method was used in the study of average prices for socially significant goods in Poland in July, 2023; the statistical method was used in the study of statistical data of Ukraine, namely in the substantiation of the dynamics of average prices for socially significant goods in Ukraine; the comparison method was used when comparing the average prices for milk in Ukraine and in Poland over the last five years. The purpose of the article is to study the economic and legal aspects of the regulation of the market of socially significant goods and services in Ukraine and the Republic of Poland, in particular, regulatory and legal regulation and economic issues of this sphere. Findings. We have confirmed the hypothesis regarding the sufficient level of regulatory and legal support for the functioning of socially significant goods within Ukraine and Poland. The hypothesis that the average price of socially significant goods in Ukraine is more expensive than in Poland was partially confirmed. For example, milk prices in stores in Poland are cheaper than in stores in Ukraine for 2018–2022, and prices for meat products and potatoes are more expensive in Poland than in Ukraine. Practical implications. The results of the research will be useful to farmers, scientists and entrepreneurs who study the problems of the agricultural sector. Originality/value. The basic legal acts and economic aspects of the regulation of the market of socially significant goods and services in Ukraine and strategic goods in the Republic of Poland are analyzed, a comparison of the price policy for socially significant goods in Poland and in Ukraine is made.
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Długosz, Zbigniew, and Szymon Biały. "Selected aspects of permanent emigration from Poland (2001-2010)." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 23, no. 23 (March 1, 2014): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2014-0002.
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AbstractThe purpose of the paper is to describe permanent emigration from Poland during the first decade of the 21st century. This period of time was characterised by major political and economic changes in Poland and elsewhere in the world. The paper is based on data obtained from the GUS Demographic Yearbook for the years prior to 2011. The spatial analysis in the paper is based on the current administrative division of Poland - voivodships. This includes the number of migrants and their demographic and social structure. Finally, the paper addresses the direction of migrant flow in terms of absolute numbers and rates of change.
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Staniszewski, Damian. "Legal and Practical Aspects of Functioning of Economic Area Development Councils." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio G (Ius) 70, no. 1 (July 17, 2023): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/g.2023.70.1.161-173.
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On the territory of the Republic of Poland, there are currently 14 companies managing special economic zones, subordinated to the minister responsible for economy. Each of them operates in a specific area of Poland. Pursuant to the Act of 10 May 2018 on supporting new investments, each special economic zone appoints an economic area development council. It performs a consultative and advisory function and is composed of representatives of entrepreneurs, local government units located within the area managed by the zone, and representatives of voivodship councils for social dialogue. The aim of the article is to discuss the functioning of economic area development councils in the legal and practical aspects and to attempt to formulate proposals for necessary changes in this area. This task is carried out through the analysis of the current activity of economic area development councils based on information obtained from entities managing special economic zones as part of access to public information.
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Kusek, Weronika A. "Ukrainian migrants in Poland: Socio-economic inclusion or exclusion?" Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 34, no. 7 (November 2019): 739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269094219889877.
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Poland is an important country to study when assessing migration. In fact, many scholars who focus on migration and its impact on the local economy, in relation to Poland, focus on Polish migrants living and working in countries such as the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, or Australia. This viewpoint presents a different focus by addressing the need to conduct more work on migrants who are coming to Poland to work to fulfill labor shortages and take advantage of the country’s growing economy. Specifically this paper will look at Ukrainians who are migrating to Poland. The viewpoint will focus on push/pull factors and touch on aspects of the lived experience of Ukrainian migrants in Poland. This paper helps identify some observed trends from interviews to identify future research directions related to socio-economic inclusion or exclusion.
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Czech, M., M. Horoszewska, and R. Pachocki. "PHP14 ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT IN POLAND—OUT-PATIENT VIEWPOINT." Value in Health 7, no. 6 (November 2004): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1098-3015(10)65873-1.
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Czyżewski, Andrzej, and Anna Matuszczak. "Theoretical aspects of studies on agricultural economics and agrarian issues." Economics and Environment 87, no. 4 (January 23, 2024): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.34659/eis.2023.87.4.617.
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This article contains a theoretical proposal for classifying the agrarian economic theory as a separate school of heterodox economic thought, encompassing more than a dozen research streams. In this sense, it fills a gap in the general economic theory, in which, so far, the agrarian economic thought is not considered a separate school of economics. The study proves that for the development of agrarian economics, it is not necessary to adopt the monistic, reductive, and consolidative approach that characterises mainstream economics. We treat agricultural economics as a pluralistic science, taking into account different viewpoints and research paradigms of development, from industrial to sustainable. Raising the need to integrate agrarian thought, the study points to the designations of the substantive distinctiveness of agricultural economics, including the immobility of the land factor, the price and income specificity of food demand, and the compulsion to consume food. The considerations are supplemented by a conceptualisation of the studied issue concerning the situation in Poland, presented in the form of a case study.
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Bożyk, Paweł. "Polish-Russian Economic Relations Under the Conditions of System Transformation." International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal 13, no. 1 (November 23, 2011): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10223-011-0003-3.
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The rapid economic transformation in Central and Eastern Europe, modelled on Western economies and based, in some aspects, on neoliberal principles, Has found the region’s countries to a bigger (Eastern European countries) or lesser (Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary) degree unprepared. The resulting economic recession, especially in Russia, has had an adverse effect on mutual trade between Poland and Russia. In order to improve economic relations with Russia and increase the trade volume, Poland, remaining within the bounds of EU standards and regulations, needs to adapt the commodity structure of Polish exports to the needs of the Russian market.
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Wichowska, Anna. "Economic Aspects of Shrinking Cities in Poland in the Context of Regional Sustainable Development." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 3104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063104.
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Two trends are observed in contemporary cities around the world: whereas some urban areas develop rapidly and experience population growth, a steady population decline is noted in other cities. Demographic changes in urban areas are also accompanied by economic changes. These changes constitute a very serious challenge for sustainable regional growth. However, these problems have not been sufficiently investigated to date, including in Poland. The aim of this study was to identify shrinking cities in Poland and the phenomena that are related to the economic aspects of urban shrinkage in Poland. Empirical research relied on analysis of the population growth rate in Polish urban municipalities, and the phenomena related to the economic aspects of urban shrinkage were identified by multiple linear regression analysis. The period of research was 2003–2019. Thirty-three Polish cities experienced a steady population decline. The economic phenomena related to urban shrinkage included changes in own-source revenues, proportions of government transfers in municipal budgets, unemployment, migration, municipal spending on education, transport, communications, and social welfare. Population decline was not related to changes in the age-dependency ratio, public spending on housing, the number of companies, or the number of vacant homes in cities. The research results can be a source of important information for regional sustainable growth policies used not only in cities and regions in Poland, but also in other Central and Eastern European countries where this phenomenon occurs.
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Kosciukiewicz-Swierczewska, Ewelina, Vadym Hrachuk, Serhii Knysh, Yuliia Fidria, and Iryna Novosad. "Cross-Border Mediation under Current Threats: Ukraine-Poland (Some Aspects of Interaction)." Cuestiones Políticas 41, no. 78 (August 28, 2023): 456–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4178.32.
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Using the documentary research technique, this paper outlines certain aspects of Ukraine-Poland cross-border mediation interaction in the context of contemporary threats. In addition, it points out the main contemporary threats, which affect the cross-border interaction of Ukraine and Poland. It characterizes such threats as nuclear danger, environmental problems, humanitarian crisis, economic threats and food shortages. It points out that there are internal threats to Poland in connection with the war in Ukraine, the spread of infectious diseases, including COVID-19, due to the large number of refugees, the threat to food security, the threat to Poland's economic stability and poverty. It is shown that Poland interacts with Ukraine on all urgent issues: helps citizens seeking temporary protection, sends humanitarian aid, strengthens and stimulates market relations. It is concluded that all this led to increased cross-border interaction between the countries. The relevance of alternative types of conflict resolution, such as mediation, is highlighted. The scope of cross-border mediation is presented, the current state of mediation is analyzed and conclusions are drawn on the need for further development of this institution.
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Chrobak, Natalia. "Economic Migration of Ukrainians to the EU: A View from Poland." Bibliotekarz Podlaski Ogólnopolskie Naukowe Pismo Bibliotekoznawcze i Bibliologiczne 47, no. 2 (July 10, 2020): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36770/bp.469.
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The present study aims to analyze several aspects of economic migration from Ukraine to Poland in the context of the last 10 years (2007–2017). It looks at how changes in migration policy in Poland and the EU impacted the dynamics of migration to Poland, which has been for a long time one of the most popular destinations for Ukrainians. In 2014, an increased number of Ukrainians migrating to Russia was observed, although no similar increase was recorded for EU countries (excluding Poland). In 2014, Polish consular services issued over 556,500 visas to Ukrainian citizens. Since 15 September 2012, Ukrainians no longer have to pay for national visas if they intend to stay in Poland for 3 months to 1 year. Since July 2009, the Agreement on Local Border Traffic between Poland and Ukraine has been in force. Based on this agreement, Ukrainian nationals residing in the border zone – the area extending 30 km from the border – do not need visas, only local border traffic agreement has been increasing each year (13 to 40% depending on year). It amounted to 10,734,959 in 2015. My purpose is to present how migration law in Poland affects migratory waves.
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Rucińska, Dorota Mirosława. "Energy and environment policy in Poland: Various aspects in the context of shale gas extraction." Studia i Analizy Nauk o Polityce, no. 1 (March 17, 2021): 69–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/sanp.10750.
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This article outlines the social approach of meeting the challenges of energy policy in Poland in the context of potential shale gas extraction, focused on social perception and environmental protection policy. While Poland holds promising shale gas resources, the state of current technology indicates that shale gas exploitation is not imminent. However, shale deposits are still considered a potential future resource that could play a central role in diversifying energy sources, developing the economy, and potentially increasing the country’s energy security. This paper presents energy opportunities of Poland, a review of Polish society opinion about energy and environment security. This study shows that Polish society sees a connection between energy, environment and policy problems, as well as potential benefits in the context of shale gas, based on research results of various institutions, including the European Commission. The author draws attention to tasks before the economic exploitation of shale gas in order to optimizing socio-economic benefits, and short- and long-term impacts. Since we are a common Europe, a common space for people, we can create an energy policy. It is the way the topic of energy diversification opportunities in Poland and the building of consistent energy and environmental protection policy is still an important issue to discuss in humanistic and economic fields.
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Wróblewska, Wioletta, Joanna Pawlak, and Dariusz Paszko. "Economic Aspects in the Raspberry Production on the Example of Farms from Poland, Serbia and Ukraine." Journal of Horticultural Research 27, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johr-2019-0019.
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AbstractFor many years Poland and Serbia have played the dominating roles in European raspberry production. However, the growing production in Ukraine might threaten the relative stability of the raspberry market for both countries. It is projected that in the coming years Ukraine will strengthen its competitive position in relation to the current industrial raspberry production leaders. This justifies the need to conduct comparative analyses of competitive power, and its contributory factors, including production costs in individual countries. The aim of this study was to compare economic viability and cost-effectiveness in raspberry production, using the examples of selected horticultural holdings in Poland, Serbia, and Ukraine. The production volumes of raspberries in Poland, Serbia and Ukraine were analysed. The levels of costs and the financial results generated in raspberry cultivation for processing purposes were also determined, using the example of horticultural holdings in this countries. The results indicated that the direct costs in Ukraine, were just over half lower those in Poland and Serbia. The raspberry crop yields in the three investigated countries were similar, and the sales prices in the analysed years made it possible to obtain a surplus of receipts over direct costs.
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Dzikuć, Maciej, Arkadiusz Piwowar, and Maria Dzikuć. "The economic conditions for the development of photovoltaic micro-installations in the context of power grids limitations: a case study for Poland." 13th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 13, no. 1 (June 16, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(101).
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The last three years in Poland have been a dynamic development of micro-photovoltaic installations. A serious barrier impeding the further development of this renewable energy source are obsolete power networks. The aim of the article is to analyze the conditions related to the development of photovoltaics in Poland and to evaluate the limitations of outdated power grids. This study was conducted and financed in the framework of the research projects: “Economic aspects of low carbon development in the countries of the Visegrad Group”, grant No. 2018/31/B/HS4/00485, “Socio-economic, environmental and technical determinants of the energy poverty in rural areas in Poland”, grant No. 2018/31/B/HS4/00048, granted by the National Science Centre, Poland, program OPUS, and “Economic conditions of energy storage in the context of the development of photovoltaic micro-installations in Poland”, grant No. 2021/05/X/HS4/01377, granted by the National Science Centre, Poland, program MINIATURA. Keywords: photovoltaics, low-carbon development, economy, power grids, Poland
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Kopycińska, Danuta, and Elżbieta Kryńska. "The precariat in the labour market in Poland – social and economic aspects." Journal of International Studies 9, no. 2 (June 2016): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2016/9-2/5.
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Strzelecki, Adam. "Legal and Economic Aspects of the Financial Independence of Communes in Poland." Law and Administration in Post-Soviet Europe 1, no. 1 (November 20, 2014): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lape-2014-0004.
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SZYMAŃSKA, Wioletta. "DEMOGRAPHIC ASPECTS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN TOURIST REGIONS IN POLAND." GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 43, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 1108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.43332-926.
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Demographic processes in well-developed countries constitute an urgent research problem especially in terms of developmental opportunities of local settlements. It is an important issue in tourist regions which allows to conduct appropriate population policy. If the impact of demographic factors on economic development turned out to be significant, it should become a subject of scientific and practical analyses. Pomerania Province is one of the most profitable tourist regions in Poland. The summer season and leisure tourism at the seaside are of the utmost importance. The analysis concerned the towns of Pomerania Province in terms of demographic changes and their impact on the economic development. The analysis was conducted in the years 1995-2020 and it covered the changes that had taken place before Poland joined the EU (2004) as well as the period of fully functioning market economy. Apart from the time period which gives a picture of trends and intensity of the changes, the towns were also distinguished in terms of size showing various trends in big cities and medium-size and small towns.
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Kubiczek, Jakub, and Martyna Bieleń. "The level of socio-economic development of regions in Poland." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 66, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.5130.
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The development of regions within one country is an uneven process. States seek to reduce internal inequalities between particular regions through the implementation of appropriate economic policies, as is the case of Poland. The aim of the study is to evaluate the level of socio-economic development of regions in Poland (voivodships) in the years 2013– 2019. For this purpose, a taxonomic analysis based on Hellwig’s development measure was conducted and the Euclidean distance was applied to assess the difference between the obtained pattern and particular voivodships. On the basis of data provided by the Local Data Bank of Statistics Poland and through linear ordering, two rankings of voivodships were created: one reflecting their socio-economic development excluding environmental protection aspects and the other focusing solely on the issue of environmental protection. Low values of the coefficient of variation relating to a part of the analysed variables indicated that the development level of voivodships in the analysed period is in many respects very similar. The variables crucial for determining the differences between voivodships show that Mazowieckie Voivodship occupies high positions in both rankings (and is the leader in the ranking of socio-economic development excluding environmental protection aspects), while Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodship is characterised by a low level of development illustrated by both rankings.
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Bański, Jerzy, and Małgorzata Flaga. "The Areas of Unfavourable Demographic Processes in Eastern Poland — Selected Aspects." Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i Prognozy 11, no. 2 (August 26, 2013): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.56583/br.1125.
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Population factors are the most important elements of the socio-economic development of regions. Contemporary structure of population in Eastern Poland is the result of post-war changes, mainly in the field of natural growth and migration. The goals of this article are to assess the present trends of population change in the regions of Eastern Poland and to identify the areas that are characterized by negative effects of selected phenomena. It is also an important research issue to identify the main causes of negative processes shaping the population.
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OSIPOVA, Larisa, and Yurii KRAVCHYK. "LABOR MIGRATION FROM UKRAINE TO THE EU ON THE EXAMPLE OF POLAND: KEY TRENDS AND PROBLEMS ASPECTS IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 298, no. 5 Part 1 (October 4, 2021): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2021-298-5(1)-3.
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The article summarizes the current state and main trends of external migration of the population from Ukraine to the Republic of Poland, in particular in the aspect of labor migration. The political and legal regime of border crossing between countries is described. The characteristics of key economic and social parameters that determine the migration environment in the Ukraine – Poland system are given. Indicators of border crossing by Ukrainians to Poland, residence of Ukrainian citizens on the territory of Poland, their place in the gender structure of the population of this country, naturalization are given. The results of the analysis of tendency characteristics of external labor migration from Ukraine to the Republic of Poland in terms of the number of submitted applications and received permits for temporary stay and employment of Ukrainians in Poland are reflected. The specifics, as well as problematic aspects of external labor migration from Ukraine to Poland in the context of socio-economic development of countries, as well as European integration of Ukraine. The shortcomings of increasing labor migration from Ukraine to Poland, such as the rapid increase in the number of Ukrainian citizens living in Poland, including in the structure of foreigners, have been identified; increasing the number and increasing the dynamics of applications submitted and permits obtained for temporary stay of Ukrainians in Poland, especially for reasons of work and study; growing intentions of Ukrainians and increasing the number of permits obtained for the right to perform long-term work in Poland; further strengthening the attitudes and attitudes of Ukrainians regarding the intensification of their plans and intentions regarding the implementation of various forms of migration to Poland; increase in the number of naturalization practices of Ukrainian citizens by Poland, which is evidence of the growing threat not only of high migration rates, but also changes in citizenship by domestic migrants. The practical significance of the research results lies in the formation of information and analytical support for the formation and implementation of state policy regulating migration processes in the migration system Ukraine – EU to accelerate Ukraine’s European integration processes and realize the potential of socio-economic development. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the scientific approach to solving the problem of development and realization of migration potential in the Ukraine – EU system on the example of the recipient – the leader in attracting labor migrants from Ukraine – the Republic of Poland.
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Karczmarczyk, Agnieszka, and Józef Mosiej. "ASPECTS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT ON SHORT ROTATION PLANTATIONS (SRP) IN POLAND." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 15, no. 3 (September 30, 2007): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2007.9636927.
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The use of wastewater on short rotation plantations (SRP) can be an effective way of wastewater treatment as well as a source of water and nutrients for growing plants. Wastewater nutrient reusing is necessary, especially in the case of nutrients which come from non‐renewable resources, as phosphorus. The production of mineral fertilisers is usually a resource‐consuming and energy‐consuming process. Nutrient removal from wastewater in conventional wastewater treatment technologies is also energy‐consuming and expensive. That's why the reuse of nutrients from the waste streams is very important from both economic and environmental point of view. Taking into consideration climatic conditions (annual precipitation, temperature, length of vegetation period), environmental goals (concerning reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, increase of share of renewable energy in total energy production and protection of water resources) and other social and economic aspects, there is a large potential of fast‐growing plant species development in Poland. To obtain high and stable energy biomass production, irrigation and fertilisation will be needed, what in simple and low‐cost way, can be realised by irrigation with wastewater.
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Decyk, Kamil, and Andrzej Rzeszutek. "Economic Aspects of the Quality of Life." Olsztyn Economic Journal 16, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/oej.7269.
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The aim of the research was to identify and assess the economic aspects of the quality of life in the EU. The research covered all Member States in terms of the selected quality-of-life indicators, which include GDP per capita expressed in purchasing power standards (PPS), average income in euro and severe material deprivation (SMD) expressed as a percentage. Three research methods were used to conduct the research: analysis and criticism of the literature on the national and international scale, analysis of secondary data obtained from the Eurostat database, as well as a statistical method using descriptive statistics, including the use of the dynamics index to estimate the level and direction of changes in the analyzed quality of life measures. As a result of the conducted research and with the use of the method of aggregating countries in terms of economic indicators describing the quality of life, it was found that rich countries characterized by high socio-economic development featured the highest level of quality of life. They include mainly Luxembourg, and due to the high level of average income and, at the same time, low SMD, Ireland, Austria, and Denmark. The lowest quality of life, but with the highest dynamics of average income, was characteristic of countries such as Bulgaria, Romania, Greece, and Hungary, where GDP was at a low or very low level. It should be added that in these countries, at the same time, some of the lower rates of deprivation dynamics were identified, which was a positive phenomenon. Poland had the lowest SMD dynamics.
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Suchoń, Aneta. "The Lease and Sale of Agricultural Real Estate in Poland — Legal and Economic Aspects." EU agrarian Law 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eual-2017-0006.
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Abstract Ownership and lease of agricultural real estate are the basic legal titles to run and organize agricultural farms in Poland. For some years now, the practical significance of lease in rural relations has been growing, which is primarily connected with the activities of the Agricultural Property Agency. Currently, lease is the basic form of management of agricultural lands of the State Treasury. The aim of the paper was to present the basic principles concerning the acquisition and lease of agricultural real estate in Poland and to assess whether the legal regulations favour the formation and expansion of agricultural farms in this country, especially family ones. It should be noted that according to the Article 23 of the Polish Constitution, the basis of the agricultural system is the family farm. The family farm, in turn, is run by an individual farmer. The paper covers also the issue of acquisition and lease of agricultural real estate by foreigners.
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Golonko, Magdalena, Marcin Wysokinski, Arkadiusz Gromada, and Paulina Trebska. "Economic Aspects of Integrating the Supply Chain in the Herbal Industry in Poland." EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL XXIV, Special Issue 1 (March 1, 2021): 403–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35808/ersj/2050.
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Chasnyk, O., G. Sołowski, and O. Shkarupa. "Historical, technical and economic aspects of biogas development: Case of Poland and Ukraine." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 52 (December 2015): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.122.
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Biloshkurska, Nataliia, Mykola Biloshkurskyi, Nazariy Popadynets, Ivan Plets, and Mariya Karpyak. "IMPACT OF UNEMPLOYMENT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF POLAND AND UKRAINE: GOVERNANCE ASPECTS." Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Częstochowskiej. Zarządzanie 50, no. 1 (June 2023): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17512/znpcz.2023.2.03.
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Różański, Krzysztof. "Wybrane ekonomiczne uwarunkowania i prawne aspekty prowadzenia działalności pszczelarskiej w Polsce." Studia Iuridica, no. 88 (December 13, 2021): 350–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2021-88.19.
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The apiculture activity plays a significant role in the European Union’s economy and agriculture, mainly due to the functions performed by honey bees (Apis mellifera). Thanks to their efforts, more than 80% of crops and plants are pollinated worldwide. Bee’s work is also used to produce products such as honey, royal jelly, propolis, pollen and beeswax, used in chemical, food, medical and pharmaceutical industries. Finally, conducting the apicultural activity contributes also to maintain a proper level of biodiversity of natural ecosystems. Unfortunately, many civilizational and economic transformations and other factors have strongly influenced the apicultural activity, leading to numerous threats to the apiculture sector and the bees. Considering that, it is vital to carry out scientific investigations concerning the apicultural activity, which may provide valuable insight into the ongoing debate regarding the possibility of improving the situation of that sector. In this context, particularly the role of economic and legal research seems to be crucial because, on the one hand, it helps to understand the current economic conditions which characterize the apicultural activity, and, on the other hand, allows us to assess the current regulation and – as a result of that – to prepare a possible proposal for changes to the legislation concerning apiculture. Therefore, this paper aims to answer the following question: is the apicultural sector sufficiently supported and protected against risks related to apiculture, based on the current economic conditions and the existing regulation of apicultural activity.
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Sikora, J., and A. Wartecka-Ważyńska. "Development of agritourism in Poland." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography 1, no. 43 (October 19, 2013): 365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.43.1632.
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Rural areas in Poland are developing according to the strategy of multifunctional development in rural areas. Socio-economic growth of rural areas in Poland matches the assumptions of the multifunctional strategy of rural development. One of the forms of non-agricultural entrepreneurship in rural areas is agritourism. The aim of the paper is to present the beginnings of agritourism in Poland and stages in its development in Poland. The current status of this type of entrepreneurship was also indicated, with consideration of its qualitative and quantitative aspects. The paper was written based on the analysis of the literature of the subject and statistical sources. It was found that agritourism brings measurable economic and social benefits to farmers, inhabitants of rural areas, and agritourists. The structural and functional potential of rural areas in Poland represents a significant source for the development of this form of entrepreneurship in the future. Keywords: agritourism, rural areas, agritourist farms, development, Poland.
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Tokarska-Guzik, Barbara, Katarzyna Bzdęga, Katarzyna Koszela, Izabela Żabińska, Barbara Krzuś, Małgorzata Sajan, and Agnieszka Sendek. "Allergenic invasive plant Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. in Poland: threat and selected aspects of biology." Biodiversity: Research and Conservation 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10119-011-0008-8.
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Allergenic invasive plantAmbrosia artemisiifoliaL. in Poland: threat and selected aspects of biologyThe study presents the current state of research onAmbrosia artemisiifoliain Poland within its wider scientific background and gives the results of some field and laboratory investigations. This annual plant is characterised by a high level of production of seeds, easily dispersed by different vectors. Ragweed pollen is a strong allergen considered to be one of the most dangerous pollen allergens in the world. Being a serious hazard to human health, it is also considered as an "environmental weed" causing economic threat. The main aim of the study is to verify the status of the species in the flora of Poland, to assess the threat and discuss possibilities to prevent its future spread.