Dissertations / Theses: 'Poisonous plants in literature'

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Sani, Yulvian. "Toxicopathologic studies of selected poisonous plants in southern Queensland /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16263.pdf.

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Domozoro, Charles Yaw Fosu. "Ethnobotany and molecular identification of poisonous plants affecting ruminant livestock in Ghana." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25814.

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McFerren, Marcus Anthony. "Traditional plant-based fishing in the Americas an ethnobotanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological investigation /." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2000. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?9978142.

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4

Crosby, Sara Lynn. "Poisonous mixtures : gender, race, empire, and cultural authority in antebellum female poisoner literature /." Notre Dame, Indiana : Universoty of Notre Dame, 2005. http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-06202005-105725/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Notre Dame, 2005.
Thesis directed by Sandra Gustafson for the Department of English. "June 2005." Thesis also available in PDF file via the Internet. Access may be restricted or require Notre Dame logon. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 330-350).

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Pereira, Tamara Nishanthi. "Cytotoxic effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloids /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18303.pdf.

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Ishee, Jeanette Carol. "An Insight into the Poetry of A C Swinburne: Art and the Image of the Poisonous Flower." W&M ScholarWorks, 1988. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625452.

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Mariano-Souza, Domenica Palomaris. "Avaliação dos efeitos tóxicos da Senna occidentalis em ratos. Parâmetros: bioquímicos, hematológicos, anatomopatológicos e inflamatórios." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10133/tde-03052007-142639/.

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Tanto no Brasil como em vários outros países, a Senna occidentalis é uma planta de interesse agropecuário, pois é encontrada em pastos ou como contaminante de cereais, podendo, causar intoxicação na criação animal. Além disto, vem sendo utilizada, empiricamente, na Medicina Humana, para o tratamento de várias afecções. Em estudo recente, verificou-se que frangos tratados com sementes de S. occidentalis apresentavam, além das lesões musculares, alterações em órgãos linfóides. Assim, o presente trabalho procurou verificar se as sementes de S. occidentalis poderiam produzir efeitos tóxicos nos órgãos linfóides de mamíferos, utilizando, para tal, ratos como modelo experimental. As sementes de S. occidentalis foram administradas, durante 14 dias, a ratos Wistar (150-200g), em diferentes concentrações de sementes desta planta na ração: 1% (So1), 2% (So2) e 4%(So4). Os animais do grupo peer-feeding (PF) receberam a mesma quantidade de ração consumida pelos animais tratados com So4, porém isentas da planta. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: consumo de água e ração e ganho de peso, avaliação hematológica e bioquímica, além da histopatologia, morfometria e de ensaios preconizados para o estudo da resposta imunológica não específica. Todos os ratos pertencentes aos diferentes grupos experimentais apresentaram diminuição no consumo de ração e água e no ganho de peso. A avaliação hematológica revelou anemia microcítica e hipocrômica nos animais que receberam 4% da planta. Além disso, todos os animais dos grupos So2 e So4 apresentaram depleção de células linfóides e redução da polpa branca do baço. Os ratos pertencentes ao grupo So4 apresentaram redução significante no peso relativo do timo e diminuição significante na região cortical e também no diâmetro dos folículos medulares deste órgão. Estes mesmos animais apresentaram diminuição da produção de água oxigenada e óxido nítrico. Em relação à resposta inflamatória, todos os animais dos grupos experimentais, apresentaram redução na evolução do edema inflamatório agudo e crônico. Assim, a presente pesquisa mostrou que, também em mamíferos, a S. occidentalis pode comprometer o sistema imunológico, haja vista as alterações encontradas no timo e baço dos ratos expostos à planta. Além disso, verificou-se que as sementes desta planta também promovem efeitos tóxicos sobre eritrócitos e alterações na resposta inflamatória. A inclusão do grupo PF permitiu verificar que os efeitos aqui encontrados não são devidos a possíveis alterações nutricionais promovidas pela queda do consumo de alimento e sim relacionados ao efeito tóxico direto da S. occidentalis.
Senna occidentalis is a weed which grows in pasture along fences and fields cultivated with cereals as corn and soybean and many reports have been showing intoxication with this plant in different animal species. The effects of daily administration of S. occidentalis seeds in different concentrations 1% (So1), 2 % (So2) and 4% (So4) in ration was investigated in rats. It was also evaluated the effects of rats that received the same amount of ration to those of So4-group, however free of S. occidentalis seeds, (PF-rats). The experimental period lasted 14 days and the effects were evaluated on the basis of food consumption, weight gain, hematological and biochemical parameters, inflammatory and immunological responses, as well as histopathology, relative organ weight and morphometric analysis. All experimental animals, showed significant decrease in ration and water consumption and body weight gain. The hematological parameters revealed microcytic and hypochromic anemia in those animals treated with the higher concentration S. occidentalis seeds. Morphometric analysis of the spleen from So2 and So4-animals displayed a significant decrease in the cortical thickness. The thymus from So4-rats showed reduction in the organ size, and the morphometry revealed thickness and reduction of the diameter of the follicles at the cortical area. The same animals presented reduction in hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide production. In inflammatory response all experimental animals, showed significant decrease in the evolution of acute and chronic edema. These results showed that the alterations found in this present study are related to the poisonous effects of the S. occidentalis and not to the malnutrition.

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Souza, Domenica Palomaris Mariano de. "Efeitos tóxicos da senna occidentalis sobre o sistema linfo-hematopoiético: avaliação da exposição de ratos durante a fase de crescimento e pré-natal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10133/tde-10082009-100222/.

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O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos tóxicos da Senna occidentalis (So) sobre o sistema linfo-hematopoiético em ratos recém-desmamados ou expostos pré-natalmente. Avaliou-se nestes animais: o consumo de água e ração, o ganho de peso; parâmetros hematológicos, padrões histopatológicos, além da resposta imunológica específica e não específica. Inicialmente, o estudo foi realizado em ratos recém-desmamados, os quais foram expostos a diferentes concentrações de sementes de So na ração a saber: 1% (So1), 2% (So2) e 4% (So4) durante 14 dias ou que receberam So4 durante 28 dias. Os animais do grupo peer-feeding (PF) receberam a mesma quantidade de ração consumida pelos animais expostos a So4, porém isentas da planta. Após 14 dias de exposição, os resultados obtidos mostraram uma diminuição significante nos parâmetros de consumo de ração, de ganho de peso e da celularidade da medula óssea e do peso relativo no timo nos grupos So2 e So4 e um aumento no peso relativo do baço nos grupos So2 e So4. Entretanto, os animais dos grupos So4 e PF também apresentaram diminuição da celularidade da medula óssea. Na avaliação da resposta imune não especifica todos grupos expostos às sementes da planta, bem como o grupo PF, apresentaram redução na porcentagem de fagocitose por neutrófilos; porém, apenas o grupo So4 mostrou redução do burst basal por neutrófilos. O estudo morfológico do baço mostrou proliferação hematopoiética extramedular e aumento de megacariócitos multinucleados nos ratos do grupo So4. Apenas nos experimentos com animais do grupo So4 expostos por 28 dias, verificou-se similaridade entre resultados dos parâmetros acima descritos, além da ocorrência de anemia microcítica e hipocrômica. Num segundo momento avaliou-se as proles de ratas que receberam sementes de S. occidentalis a 4% na ração, do 6º ao 20º dia de gestação, assim como as proles das ratas do grupo peer-feeding (PF). Os filhotes provenientes de mães do grupo So4 e PF apresentaram um aumento do burst oxidativo e da fagocitose por neutrófilos. Os animais da prole do grupo PF apresentaram hemograma indicativo de anemia megaloblástica. Já no estudo morfológico do baço verificou-se hematopoiese extramedular nos filhotes das mães do grupo So4. Portanto, a presente pesquisa mostrou que a S. occidentalis pode comprometer alguns parâmetros do sistema imunológico de ratos expostos às sementes da planta durantes diferentes fases do desenvolvimento. Além disso, verificou-se que as sementes desta planta também promovem efeitos tóxicos sobre eritrócitos. A inclusão do grupo PF permitiu verificar que os efeitos observados não são decorrentes de possíveis alterações nutricionais promovidas pela redução do consumo de ração, mas sim relacionados ao efeito tóxico direto da S. occidentalis.
The aim of present study was to determinate the Senna occidentalis (So) toxic effects on lymphohematopoetic system in rats during the growth and pre-natal period. The effects were evaluated on the basis of food consumption, weight gain, hematological and immunological parameters, as well as histopathology analysis. Initially, the study was done in growing rats exposed to S. occidentalis seeds in different concentrations: 1% (So1), 2% (So2) and 4% (So4) in feed during 14 or 28 days. Peer feeding-group of rats (PF) was also evaluated; this group received the same amount of feed of those from So4-group, however, free of S. occidentalis seeds. S. occidentalis 14 days exposure decreased food consumption, weight gain, thymus relative organ weight and bone marrow cellularity and increased the spleen relative weight of rats from So2 and So4-group. However, So4- and PF- groups also presented a decreased bone marrow cellularity. All seed exposed-groups and also PF-group had a decrease on neutrophil phagocytosis percentage; however, only rats from So4-group had a decreased neutrophil basal burst. Spleen morphologic analysis indicated the presence of extramedular hematopoietic proliferation and increased multinucleated megakariocytes on So4-group. Similar results were found for all the parameters described after S. occidentalis exposure during 28 days. Furthermore, the rats of So-4 group presented microcytic and hypochromic anemia. On a second moment, rats offspring exposed to S. occidentalis at 4% in feed during the 6th to 20th gestational day and rats offspring of PF group were evaluated. The So4- and PF- rats offspring groups presented an increased neutrophil oxidative burst and phagocytosis, however PF-rats offspring group also had an altered complete blood count compatible with megaloblastic anemia. Moreover spleen morphologic analysis indicated the presence of extramedular hematopoiesis on So4 rats offspring group. Therefore, the present study showed that S. occidentalis can compromise some immunological parameters in rats exposed to seeds during different development periods. This exposure also promotes toxic effects on erythrocytes. The PF group allowed us to verify that the observed effects are related to direct S. occidentalis toxic effects and not due a possible nutritional alteration caused by the reduced feed ingestion.

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Giordani, Claudia. "Investigação de plantas medicinais e tóxicas em Pelotas-RS e determinação da atividade antifúngica frente a Malassezia pachydermatis." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2013. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2498.

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The rescue and use of medicinal plants have been gaining space in human and veterinary medicine, as treatment and prophylaxis of diseases. In the treatment of mycosis, there is still issues regarding the limited amount of drugs and the occurrence of resistance, adverse reactions and relapses. Thus, the objective was to conduct a survey of medicinal plants and toxic found in the region of the Veterinary Clinic-Federal University of Pelotas, organize an instructional manual of the studied plants and uses in animal health, and to determine the antifungal effect of plant extracts on clinical isolates of Malassezia pachydermatis. In the survey, animal owners in the Veterinary Ambulatory were interviewed and visited. There were 111 interviews, which 74 species cited for medical use but the minority used them in animals. With respect to toxic plants 20 species were observed, but only six were reported by the population, and from the results in the survey was made a manual on plants. To evaluate the antifungal activity were tested six hydroalcoholic extracts of Aroeira, Carqueja, Erva-de-bicho, Lanceta, Pitangueira e Rabo-de-lagarto, the techniques microdilution and disk diffusion against M. pachydermatis isolated from dogs (dermatitis=38, otitis=10). The extracts that resulted in higher activity were Aroeira, Erva-de-Bicho and Pitangueira. From these results, we can see the importance of further studies of the activities of plants to determine more precisely its action and toxicity. With this study concludes that there are many medicinal and toxic species distributed in the region of the Veterinary Clinic-UFPel, but is still scarce use of medicinal plants in animal, and that the hydroalcoholic extracts of Aroeira, Erva-de-bicho and Pitangueira had action on M. pachydermatis, opening the possibility of numerous studies in veterinary medicine.
O resgate e uso das plantas medicinais vêm ganhando espaço na medicina e veterinária, como tratamento e profilaxia de doenças. No tratamento das micoses, ainda observa-se uma quantidade limitada de medicamentos e a ocorrência de resistência, reações adversas e recidivas. Assim, objetivou-se realizar um levantamento das plantas medicinais e tóxicas encontradas na região do Ambulatório Veterinário-Universidade Federal de Pelotas, organizar um manual didático das plantas estudadas e usos na saúde animal, e determinar a ação antifúngica de extratos vegetais sobre isolados clínicos de Malassezia pachydermatis. No levantamento, foram entrevistados e visitados proprietários de animais atendidos no Ambulatório Veterinário. Foram 111 entrevistas, citando 74 espécies medicinais, porém a minoria usava-as em animais. Com relação às plantas tóxicas foram observadas 20 espécies, porém apenas seis eram relatadas pela população; e por fim, confeccionado um manual informativo das plantas. Para avaliação da atividade antifúngica foram testados extratos hidroalcoólicos de Aroeira, Carqueja, Erva-de-bicho, Lanceta, Pitangueira e Rabo-de-lagarto, pelas técnicas de microdiluição em caldo e difusão em disco frente a M. pachydermatis isolada de cães (dermatite=38; otite=10). Os extratos com maior atividade foram Aroeira, Erva-de-bicho e Pitangueira. Assim, percebe-se a importância de aprofundar os estudos sobre as plantas, determinando mais precisamente sua ação e toxicidade. Com o estudo conclui-se que existem muitas espécies medicinais e tóxicas na região do Ambulatório Veterinário-UFPel, porém ainda é escasso o uso das plantas medicinais em animais; e que os extratos hidroalcoólicos de Aroeira, Erva-de-bicho e Pitangueira apresentaram ação sobre M. pachydermatis, abrindo a possibilidade de inúmeras pesquisas em veterinária.

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Stewart, Kirsty. "Nature and narratives : landscapes, plants and animals in Palaiologan vernacular literature." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2c1ad3f2-6ca1-4a5b-b682-fbb0bfc58fd2.

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This thesis identifies the role of nature within Palaiologan entertainment literature. The texts on which this thesis focuses include a selection of the Palaiologan novels, namely the Achilleid, Velthandros and Chrysandza, Kallimachos and Chrysorroi and Livistros and Rodamni, as well as two other, more satirical works, The Synaxarion of the Honourable Donkey, and An Entertaining Tale of Quadrupeds. These texts seem to be different from earlier works in which nature is prominent, utilising such material in an innovative way. The study of these texts provides us with information both on the Byzantine view of the natural world and on the use of literature during a particularly troubled period of Byzantine history. My main questions therefore are how nature is portrayed in these texts and what can this tell us about the society that produced them. The study of these vernacular texts indicates that the natural world is given a prominent place in the literature of the period, using landscapes, plants and animals in diverse ways to express assorted ideas, or to stress particular aspects of the stories. The animals and landscapes provide hints of the plot to the audience, which the authors sometimes then subvert. The authors draw on earlier Greek material, but parallels with literature from other cultures show similarities which imply a shared medieval perspective on nature with local differences.

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Bexultanova, Gayana <1995&gt. "Literature Introducing Wild Food Plants in the USSR in 1941-1989"." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21619.

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The thesis was aimed at studying the use of wild plants for food purposes in the region of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and quantifying the obtained data. With a territory of 22 402 200 km2, the USSR was the largest country in the world. This fact emphasizes the significance of the research and demonstrates the potential contribution to current knowledge about wild food plant use in the region. In the scope of the study, 15 books of the Soviet period written in Russian between 1941 and 1989 were analyzed. Of particular interest were the books of the period of World War II at the Eastern Front published between 1941 to 1945. As a result, a database including 511 plant species was created and their food use according to the authors was recorded. Next, the analysis was performed to identify the accepted Latin name and family of the plant species. Later, the categorization of the food use of the plants was carried out in order to systematize the obtained information and consolidate usage into broader categories using a generalization. The outcome of the study is to be used for a comparison with previous research in the area and as a basis for future exploration of the use of wild plants for food purposes in the USSR region.

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Garcia, Andréa Fontes [UNESP]. "Efeitos de lantadenos sobre a bioenergética em mitocôndrias isoladas de fígado de rato." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92190.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) é uma importante planta daninha tropical que causa hepatotoxicidade tanto em ruminantes como em humanos. A maioria dos compostos isolados das folhas da lantana são triterpenóides pentacíclicos conhecidos como lantadenos, sendo o mais abundante o lantadeno A (LA). As mitocôndrias desempenham uma função crucial na manutenção dos processos celulares dependentes de ATP. Neste trabalho foi avaliada a ação do LA e do seu metabólito reduzido (RLA) na bioenergética estudando os seus efeitos na respiração, potencial de membrana e níveis de ATP em mitocôndrias isoladas de fígado de rato energizadas com succinato. Na faixa de concentração testada (5–25 µM), RLA estimulou a respiração de estado 4 e inibiu a de estado 3, estimulou a respiração de estado 3 inibida pela oligomicina, dissipou o potencial de membrana e diminuiu os níveis de ATP de uma forma dose-dependente. Entretanto, LA não estimulou a respiração de estado 4, nem afetou os outros parâmetros mitocondriais na mesma extensão que o RLA. Os lantadenos não inibiram a respiração desacoplada por CCCP, mas estimularam a atividade da ATPase em mitocôndrias intactas acopladas. A atividade da ATPase em mitocôndrias intactas desacopladas ou rompidas não foi afetada pelos compostos. Portanto, RLA age como um desacoplador da fosforilação oxidativa e o LA age em outros componentes da membrana mitocondrial que não a ATP sintase afetando a bioenergética mitocondrial. Esses efeitos podem contribuir para a hepatotoxicidade da lantana.
Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) is an important tropical weed that causes hepatotoxicity even in ruminant or in human. The principal isolated compounds of lantana are the pentacyclic triterpenoids known as lantadenes, being the lantadene A (LA) the most abundant. Mitochondria are key to the maintenance of many cellular functions dependent of ATP. This work addressed the action of LA and its reduced derivative (RLA) on mitochondrial bioenergetics by assessing their effects on respiration, membrane potential and ATP levels in succinate-energized isolated rat liver mitochondria. At the concentration range tested (5–25 µM), RLA stimulated state-4 respiration, inhibited state-3 respiration, circumvented oligomycin-inhibited state-3 respiration, dissipated membrane potential and depleted ATP in a dose-dependent manner. However, LA did not stimulate state-4 respiration, nor did it affect the other mitochondrial parameters to the extent of its reduced derivative. The lantadenes didn’t inhibit the CCCP-uncoupled respiration but increased the ATPase activity of intact coupled mitochondria. The ATPase activity of intact uncoupled or disrupted mitochondria was not affected by the compounds. Therefore, RLA acts as a mitochondrial uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation and LA acts in other mitochondrial membrane components rather than the ATP synthase affecting the mitochondrial bioenergetics. Such effects may account for the hepatoxicity of lantana.

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Froehlich, Diego Lacir. "Intoxicação espontânea e experimental por folhas e vagens da planta Senna obtusifolia (Leguminosae) em bovinos." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2010. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/957.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A disease of cattle with clinical and pathological presentation of acute myopathy was studied in the cities of Bom Jesus and Xanxerê in the State of Santa Catarina. Clinically, the disease was characterized by difficulty in walking, recumbency and death within 2 to 13 days after the onset of clinical symptoms. At necropsy were observed pale areas in the skeletal muscles mainly in the muscles of the hindquarters and the scapular area. The main microscopic lesions were hyaline degeneration and necrosis with fragmentation of the fibers, accompanied by mononuclear cell infiltrates. In the property there was great amount of S. obtusifolia that demonstrated that was consumed by the animals. The disease was reproduced experimentally in cattle fed with green leaves and pods of Senna obtusifolia in daily doses of 8g/kg (4 days), 10 g / kg (5 days), 15 g / kg (3 days) and a single dose 30g / kg body weight. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical lesions of a disease that affects the skeletal muscles of cattle and experimentally reproduce the disease through the administration of leaves and pods of Senna obtusifolia
Uma doença de bovinos com quadro clínico patológico de miopatia aguda foi estudada nos municípios de Xanxerê e Bom Jesus, SC. Clinicamente a enfermidade caracterizou-se por dificuldade em caminhar, decúbito esternal e morte entre dois a 13 dias após o inicio dos sinais clínicos. Um dos bovinos se recuperou e voltou a andar. Na necropsia foram observadas áreas pálidas na musculatura esquelética principalmente nos músculos dos membros posteriores e da região escapular. Ao exame microscópio, a principal lesão foi degeneração hialina e necrose com fragmentação das fibras, acompanhadas de infiltrado mononuclear. Na propriedade havia grande quantidade de S. obtusifolia com sinais de ter sido ingerida A doença foi reproduzida experimentalmente em bovinos com a administração de folhas e vagens verdes de Senna obtusifolia em doses diárias de 8g/kg (4 dias), 10g/kg (5 dias), 15g/kg (3 dias) e em dose única 30g/kg de peso vivo. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os aspectos epidemiológicos clínicos e lesionais da enfermidade que afeta a musculatura esquelética dos bovinos e reproduzir experimentalmente a doença através da administração de folhas e vagens de Senna obtusifolia

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Garcia, Andréa Fontes. "Efeitos de lantadenos sobre a bioenergética em mitocôndrias isoladas de fígado de rato /." Araçatuba : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92190.

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Orientador: Fábio Erminio Mingatto
Banca: Daniel Junqueira Dorta
Banca: Sérgio Diniz Garcia
Resumo: Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) é uma importante planta daninha tropical que causa hepatotoxicidade tanto em ruminantes como em humanos. A maioria dos compostos isolados das folhas da lantana são triterpenóides pentacíclicos conhecidos como lantadenos, sendo o mais abundante o lantadeno A (LA). As mitocôndrias desempenham uma função crucial na manutenção dos processos celulares dependentes de ATP. Neste trabalho foi avaliada a ação do LA e do seu metabólito reduzido (RLA) na bioenergética estudando os seus efeitos na respiração, potencial de membrana e níveis de ATP em mitocôndrias isoladas de fígado de rato energizadas com succinato. Na faixa de concentração testada (5-25 µM), RLA estimulou a respiração de estado 4 e inibiu a de estado 3, estimulou a respiração de estado 3 inibida pela oligomicina, dissipou o potencial de membrana e diminuiu os níveis de ATP de uma forma dose-dependente. Entretanto, LA não estimulou a respiração de estado 4, nem afetou os outros parâmetros mitocondriais na mesma extensão que o RLA. Os lantadenos não inibiram a respiração desacoplada por CCCP, mas estimularam a atividade da ATPase em mitocôndrias intactas acopladas. A atividade da ATPase em mitocôndrias intactas desacopladas ou rompidas não foi afetada pelos compostos. Portanto, RLA age como um desacoplador da fosforilação oxidativa e o LA age em outros componentes da membrana mitocondrial que não a ATP sintase afetando a bioenergética mitocondrial. Esses efeitos podem contribuir para a hepatotoxicidade da lantana.
Abstract: Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) is an important tropical weed that causes hepatotoxicity even in ruminant or in human. The principal isolated compounds of lantana are the pentacyclic triterpenoids known as lantadenes, being the lantadene A (LA) the most abundant. Mitochondria are key to the maintenance of many cellular functions dependent of ATP. This work addressed the action of LA and its reduced derivative (RLA) on mitochondrial bioenergetics by assessing their effects on respiration, membrane potential and ATP levels in succinate-energized isolated rat liver mitochondria. At the concentration range tested (5-25 µM), RLA stimulated state-4 respiration, inhibited state-3 respiration, circumvented oligomycin-inhibited state-3 respiration, dissipated membrane potential and depleted ATP in a dose-dependent manner. However, LA did not stimulate state-4 respiration, nor did it affect the other mitochondrial parameters to the extent of its reduced derivative. The lantadenes didn't inhibit the CCCP-uncoupled respiration but increased the ATPase activity of intact coupled mitochondria. The ATPase activity of intact uncoupled or disrupted mitochondria was not affected by the compounds. Therefore, RLA acts as a mitochondrial uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation and LA acts in other mitochondrial membrane components rather than the ATP synthase affecting the mitochondrial bioenergetics. Such effects may account for the hepatoxicity of lantana.
Mestre

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15

Grecco, Fabiane Borelli. "Intoxicação por Senecio spp. : padrões morfológicos hepáti-cos em bovinos e resistência adquirida em ovinos." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2009. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2535.

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This study him to characterize liver morphological patterns of the intoxication by Senecio spp. observed in cattle in Southern Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil between 2000-2008 and to text the acquireal resistance in sheep to Senecio brasiliensis poisoning. The patterns observed were correlated with climate changes occurred in the period. Two outbreaks Senecio spp. In sheep were described. It was tested if repeated doses of S. brasiliensis induce resistance to the intoxication in sheep. The macroscopic and histological lesions of cattle dead by Senecio spp. toxicosis submitled to Regional Diagnostic Laboratory of Pelotas University were analyzed. The lesions were classified in seven different patterns. The outbreaks prevalence and climate changes concerning accumulated rain and temperature mean in different seasons of year were analyzed. To determine if repeated doses of S. brasiliensis induce resistance to the intoxication in sheep, doses that cause acute intoxication was determined. The green plant was administered by gavage to 3 sheep in doses of 60, 80, 90 and 100 g/kg of body weight (bw). The doses (100g\kg of bw) that caused acute poisoning were divided in 2, 5 and 10 doses and administered daily in 2, 5 and 10 days to observe if chronic lesion would develop. Sheep that received 10g/kg of bw was challenged with 100g/kg of bw after 45 days the last doses of 10g. Doses of 15 g/kg of bw were administered by gavage for 30 days and 10 g/kg of bw for 10 days to three sheep. Two of them were challenged 24 hours after the last doses of 30g/kg of bw. One sheep was challenged 15 days after the last doses of 30g/kg of bw. The results of macroscopic and histological analyze of liver showed that the diffuse liver fibrosis and nodular regeneration were the most common lesions induced by Senecio spp. intoxication in cattle. Although between 2007 and 2008 the pattern with little fibrosis and histological subacute lesion had been observed. In outbreaks of spontaneous Senecio spp. poisoning in sheep jaundice, photodermatitis, progressive emaciation and death in 4 to 30 days were observed. Macroscopic lesion were characterized by jaundice, yellowish liver, mesentery edema, ascitis, alternativaly dark and firm liver with numerous small well-circumscribed nodules measuring 1-5mm in diameter in the cut and capsular surface. Microscopically the hepatic lesions were similar in all affected sheep and characterized by hepatomegalocytosis, periportal fibrosis, hepatocytes necrosis and biliary ductal proliferation. The results of experimental intoxication showed that doses up 90g/kg of bw cause acute intoxication and the doses of 100g/kg of bw divided in10 doses do not induces resistance to Senecio brasiliensis poisoning in sheep. It was demonstrated that 15g/kg of bw for 30 days and 30g/kg of bw for 10 days induce resistance to Senecio basiliensis poisoning if the animals were challenged with 100g/kg of bw immediately after last dose of 30g/kg of bw and lost resistance after 15 days.
Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram caracterizar os diferentes padrões morfológicos hepáticos da intoxicação por Senecio spp. em bovinos observados na área de influência do Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Faculdade de Veterinária da UFPel (LRD) entre 2000-2008, fazendo uma relação com as variações climáticas ocorridas no período; descrever dois surtos da intoxicação por Senecio spp em ovinos; e determinar se doses repetidas e não tóxicas da planta induzem a resistência de ovinos à intoxicação por Senecio brasiliensis. Para tanto, este trabalho foi dividido em duas partes sendo que na primeira foram analisadas as lesões macroscópicas e histológicas dos fígados de bovinos mortos pela intoxicação que foram necropsiados e/ou tiveram órgãos remetidos ao LRD, as quais foram agrupadas em sete diferentes padrões morfológicos. Foram determinados os dados da prevalência dos surtos durante este período e as variações climáticas referentes à precipitação pluviométrica e temperatura média nas diferentes estações do ano. Na segunda parte do trabalho foram descritos dois surtos da intoxicação por Senecio spp. em ovinos. Para determinar se doses não tóxicas da planta verde induzem a resistência em ovinos inicialmente foi determinada a dose tóxica capaz de induzir intoxicação aguda nesta espécie animal. Foram administradas 60, 80, 90 e 100g/kg de peso corporal (pc) a três ovinos. As doses que causaram a morte dos animais foram divididas em duas, cinco e 10 doses administradas diariamente para determinar se os animais apresentavam lesões hepáticas crônicas, sendo que o ovino que recebeu 10g/kg de pc por 10 dias foi desafiado 45 dias após a última administração com a dose de 100g/kg de pc. Para induzir a resistência doses de 15g/kg de peso corporal foram administradas por 30 dias e doses de 30g/kg de pc foram administradas por 10 dias a três ovinos. Dois foram desafiados no dia seguinte ao final da administração da planta e um foi desafiado 15 dias após. Os resultados da análise macroscópica e histológica dos fígados dos bovinos demonstraram que os padrões mais frequentemente encontrados são aqueles caracterizados pela presença e fibrose difusa e presença de nódulos regenerativos, embora nos casos ocorridos entre 2007 e 2008 padrões de lesão com menor quantidade de fibrose e 2 casos de lesão subaguda tenham sido observados. Nos surtos espontâneos de intoxicação por Senecio spp. em ovinos foi observada icterícia, fotossensibilização, perda de peso e morte entre quatro dias e um mês e as lesões macroscópicas caracterizaram-se por icterícia discreta e generalizada e fígado amarelado e firme ou palidez da carcaça, ascite, edema de mesentério e fígado escuro e firme com nódulos esbranquiçados de 1-5 mm de diâmetro tanto na superfície capsular como ao corte. Microscopicamente, as lesões hepáticas eram semelhantes em todos os ovinos afetados e caracterizadas por megalocitose, fibrose periportal, necrose individual e aleatória de hepatócitos e hiperplasia acentuada das células dos ductos biliares. Os resultados da intoxicação experimental demonstraram que doses acima de 90g/kg de pc são capazes de produzir intoxicação aguda e que a dose de 100g/kg de pc fracionada em 10 doses de 10g/kg de pc não induzem resistência à intoxicação nesta espécie animal. Foi demonstrado que doses de 15 g/kg de pc por 30 dias e 30g/kg de pc por 10 dias induzem resistência nos ovinos quando os mesmos são desafiados imediatamente após o término do experimento e que se o desafio é realizado 15 dias após o final do experimento os animais perdem a resistência.

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16

Janzen, Janet. "Modernity gazing on metamorphosis: representations of plants in German language film and literature at the beginning of the 20th century." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123104.

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This dissertation explores representations of plants in German-language film and literature at the beginning of the twentieth century. Five examples serve as case studies, demonstrating the widespread preoccupation with the motif of the "dynamic plant" at the turn of the century. I argue that the preoccupation with the motif of the "dynamic plant" demonstrates the interconnectedness of two broad cultural transformations that helped to change the public's perception of plants from one that viewed plants as nearly inanimate objects to a world view that that saw plants as living, dynamic life forms similar to animals and humans. The first transformation was intellectual, characterized by a reaction to materialist, positivist and mechanistic explanations of the natural world that helped revive aspects of Vitalism and Romanticism. The second, based in media technologies, directly transformed the representation of plants through time-lapse photography, speeding up their movements to the pace of animals. These transformations helped to challenge the hierarchy of humans, animals and plants, introducing instability and fluidity into categories of being. The changing perception of plants was met with a variety of reactions that ran along a spectrum from acknowledgement and anxiety in Gustav Meyrink's short story "Die Pflanzen des Doktor Cinderella" (1905) and in the films, Nosferatu (1921) and Alraune (1928), to celebrating this new dynamism and fluidity in Paul Scheerbart's "Flora story, "Mohr: eine Glasblumen-Novelle" (1909) and the Kulturfilm, Das Blumenwunder (1926).The close readings of the films and short stories are supported by other examples of the dynamic plant motif from archival sources, in addition to the work of such naturalists as Raoul Heinrich Francé from the turn of the century and scientists and philosophers from the mid nineteenth century such as Gustav Fechner. This specific historical topic, the motif of the dynamic plant, shows the relevance of questions regarding life and ecology for a rereading of German modernism, in addition to the relevance of a grounding in German language and literature for a historical understanding of how thinking about life changed in relation to media. In this sense, the dissertation contributes to growing interests in media and ecology, as well as the growing field of Ecocriticism in German studies and all literary studies.
Cette thèse explore la représentation des plantes dans la littérature et le cinéma de langue allemande au début du XXe siècle. Par le biais de cinq études de cas, ce projet s'intéresse au motif de la "plante dynamique" dans la modernité allemande, une préoccupation bien répandue à cette époque. Mon projet soutient que ce regain d'intérêt pour le mouvement de la plante dans les domaines de la littérature et du cinéma est étroitement lié à deux grandes transformations culturelles interdépendantes qui ont contribué à changer la perception populaire de la nature, à savoir la transition qui a permis de passer d'une perception basée sur la taxonomie et les hiérarchies rigides, à une nouvelle se rapprochant désormais au domaine de la vie et dans laquelle les forces dynamiques rattachées aux plantes, aux animaux et aux humains y trouvent leur juste valeur. La première transformation, d'ordre intellectuel, était caractérisée par un mouvement réactionnaire s'opposant au matérialisme, au positivisme et aux explications mécanistes de la nature qui ont su alimenter un regain d'intérêt pour la philosophie romantique de la nature et le vitalisme. La seconde, étroitement liée à l'émergence des nouveaux médias, transforma la façon d'observer les plantes. Grâce à la chronophotographie, une technique photographique novatrice, il était désormais possible d'observer la croissance et le mouvement des plantes de façon accélérée, voire au même rythme que celui des animaux. Ces transformations ont eu pour effet de relancer le débat portant sur la hiérarchie divisant les êtres humains, les animaux et les plantes, tout en introduisant la perception d'instabilité et de fluidité au sein des catégories de l'être. Ce changement de perception des plantes a été accueilli de manière mitigée, entraînant avec lui une variété de réactions. Passant de la reconnaissance à l'anxiété dans l'histoire courte de Gustav Meyrink "Die Pflanzen des Doktor Cinderella" (1905), dans les films Nosferatu (1921) et Alraune (1928), c'est avec grand enthousiasme que l'on s'intéressa à ce nouveau dynamisme et à la fluidité dans l'histoire courte "Flora Mohr : eine Glasblume - Novelle" (1909), par Paul Scheerbart et dans le « Kulturfilm », Das Blumenwunder (1926). Une analyse approfondie de ces films et de ces histoires courtes est appuyée par d'autres sources d'archives dans lesquelles on retrouve le motif dynamique des plantes, de même que dans les ouvrages scientifiques d'écrivains tels que Gustav Fechner, Maurice Maeterlinck et Raoul Heinrich Francé. Ce sujet historique spécifique, le motif de la plante dynamique, démontre la pertinence des questions reliées à la vie et à l'écologie dans le contexte d'une relecture du modernisme allemand. Par ailleurs, de même que l'importance de reconnaître le rôle historique qu'ont joué les médias dans la perception de la vie, autant dans la langue que dans la littérature allemande. En ce sens, la thèse a pour objectif de contribuer aux intérêts grandissants pour l'histoire de la pensée écologique et des médias, ainsi que le champs croissant de l'écocritique, autant en études allemandes que dans les autres les études littéraires.

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Lima, Maíra Conceição Jeronimo de Souza. "Estudo sobre a toxicidade da Aspidosperma pyrifolium (pereiro)." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2011. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/411.

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This study aimed to evaluate the spontaneous cases of poisoning in goats, rats and toxicity in vitro cytotoxicity of Aspidospema pyrifolium. In all spontaneous cases studied, the plant is ingested and the abortion cases occurred exclusively in goats. Most cases of abortion occurred during the dry season and early rainy season, and experienced the goats were less affected than the young goats. We used male and female rats of Wistar strain. The extract of the plant A. pyrifolium was administered in females at day 15 of gestation or from the 15th to the 17th day of gestation, which showed reduced fetal weight and strong evidence of maternal toxicity. Rats subjected to intraperitoneal injection of the extract of A. pyrifolium showed motor dysfunction and death, male rats were more resistant than females. The administration of atropine, diazepam and xylazine did not help in preventing the effects of toxicity. The evaluation of osmotic fragility of red blood cells was performed with the plant extract in different concentrations. In addition, we used larvae from a day of brine shrimp, which were incubated with different concentrations of the extract. It was found that the extract of A. pyrifolium promoted hemolysis and was lethal to A. saline. These in vitro tests may be useful as adjunct tests for further studies with this plant.
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar casos espontâneos de intoxicação em caprinos, toxicidade em ratos e citotoxicidade in vitro da Aspidospema pyrifolium. Em todos os casos espontâneos estudados, a ingestão da planta e os casos de aborto ocorreram exclusivamente em caprinos. A maioria dos casos de aborto ocorreu durante a estação seca e início da estação chuvosa, e as cabras experientes eram menos afetadas do que as cabras jovens. Foram utilizados ratos machos e fêmeas da linhagem Wistar. O extrato obtido da planta A. pyrifolium foi administrado nas fêmeas no 15º dia de gestação ou a partir do 15º ao 17º dia de gestação, que apresentaram redução do peso fetal e fortes indícios de toxicidade materna. Ratas submetidas a injeção intraperitoneal do extrato da A. pyrifolium apresentaram distúrbios motores e morte; ratos machos foram mais resistentes do que as fêmeas. A administração de atropina, xilazina e diazepam não auxiliou na prevenção dos efeitos de toxicidade. A avaliação da fragilidade osmótica das células vermelhas do sangue foi realizada com o extrato da planta em diferentes concentrações. Além disso, utilizou-se larva de um dia de Artemia salina, que foram incubadas com diferentes concentrações do extrato. Verificou-se que o extrato de A. pyrifolium promoveu hemólise e foi letal para A. salina. Estes testes in vitro podem ser úteis como testes adjuntos de mais estudos com esta planta.

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Geraldo, Neto Severino Antonio. "Intoxicação por marsdenia megalantha Goyder & Morillo em animais de produção." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2017. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/794.

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The genus Marsdenia belongs to the Apocynaceae(Asclepiadoideae)family, are distributed worldwide and although several species of this genus are used in traditional Asian medicine for the treatment of rheumatic pain, inflammation, asthma, syphilis and cancer.Marsdenia megalantha is a rupicolous shrub with succulent roots of the semi-arid region of Brazil, is mentioned by farmers as the cause of intoxication in cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, equines and asinines. The clinical and pathological findings of the experimental administration of M. megalantha to sheep, goats, calf and swine are reported. Were dosed once orally with freshly chopped roots at dose of 25 g wet plant/kg bw; another sheep ad a pig were dosed with 10g wet plant/kg bw. Poisoning occurred in all of the animals except the three goats. Clinical signs of poisoning included tachycardia, opisthotonus, ruminal bloat, dyspnea, nystagmus, mydriasis, ataxia, and recumbence with paddling moviments. Pathological evaluation showed segmental laminar neuronal necrosis and spongiosis in the telencephalic cortex and degeneration of Purkinje cells. The picrate paper procedure detected no cyanide in the plant roots, but the reaction used for nitrate detection gave a strongly positive response. In a second experiment a dose of 10, 25 and 7 g / kg, respectively, was given to a cow, a goat and a sheep with calves of approximately 30 days. Aiming to assess whether the toxic principle, still unknown, passed through the milk and would be intoxicating the lactating animals. The administration lasted 5 days in the cow, 10 days in the sheep and only three days in the goat. And only the goat showed clinical signs of intoxication, no other animals nor their offspring showed any clinical signs. In conclusion, M. megalantha is a plant that produces acute intoxication characterized mainly by nervous disorders, the toxic principle or the toxic principles did not pass through the milk or passed in quantities insufficient to cause intoxication in the young, the pig was the species more sensitive to the goat The most resistant to intoxication, and producers of production animals should offer alternative foods during the dry season and early in the rainy season to avoid the occurrence of intoxication by this plant
As plantas do gênero Marsdenia, família Apocynaceae (Asclepiadoideae), apresentam distribuição mundial e apesar de diversas espécies deste gênero serem usadas na medicina tradicional asiática para o tratamento de dores reumáticas, inflamação, asma, sífilis e câncer. A Marsdenia megalantha que é um arbusto rupícola com raízes suculentas da região semiárida do Brasil é mencionada por prudutores rurais como a causa de intoxicação em bovinos, caprinos, ovinos, suínos, equino e asinino. São relatados os achados clínicos e patológicos da administração experimental de M. megalantha a ovinos, caprinos, bezerro e suíno. Foram administradas a três cabras, dois carneiros e um bezerro uma dose única por via oral de raízes recém-cortadas numa dose de 25 g de planta verde/kg de peso corporal; a outro carneiro e um suíno foram administradas a dose de 10 g/kg. A intoxicação ocorreu em todos os animais, exceto nas três cabras. Os sinais clínicos de intoxicação incluíram taquicardia, opistótono, timpanismo gasoso, dispneia, nistagmo, midríase, ataxia, andar rígido, decúbito e movimentos de pedalagem. A avaliação patológica mostrou necrose neuronal laminar segmentar, córtex telencefálico com aspecto espongiforme e degeneração de células de Purkinje. O procedimento com papel de picrato não detectou cianeto nas raízes das plantas, mas a reação utilizada para a detecção de nitratos deu uma resposta fortemente positiva. Em um segundo experimento foram administradas a uma vaca, uma cabra e a uma ovelha com crias de aproximadamente 30 dias, doses de 10, 25 e 7 g/Kg, respectivamente. Tendo como objetivo avaliar se o principio tóxico, ainda desconhecido, passava ou não pelo leite e se intoxicaria os animais lactantes. A administração durou 5 dias na vaca, 10 dias na ovelha e apenas três dias na cabra. E somente a cabra apresentou sinais clínicos de intoxicação, nenhum outro animal e nem suas crias apresentaram nenhum sinal clínico. Em conclusão, M. megalantha é uma planta que produz intoxicação aguda caracterizada principalmente por distúrbios nervosos, o princípio tóxico ou os princípios tóxicos não passaram pelo leite ou passaram em quantidades 10 insuficientes para causar intoxicação nas crias, o suíno foi a espécie mais sensível a e a cabra a mais resistente a intoxicação, e os produtores de animais de produção deveriam oferecer alimentos alternativos durante as estações de seca e início da estação das chuvas para evitar a ocorrência de intoxicação por esta planta
2017-08-18

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19

Côté, André. "Das vegetative in Stifters Nachsommer." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60107.

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The thesis investigates the role of the vegetal world in Adalbert Stifter's novel Der Nachsommer (1857). An historical introduction uncovers the implicit philosophy of botany in the work of its most eminent representative (Linne) and the logic of vegetal metaphors in the philosophy of history (Herder). How and why the cultivation of roses is transformed into a true cult and how gardening becomes a general metaphor extending its branches into the fields of psychology and pedagogy is shown by a detailed analysis of the novel. The strong rejection of any idea of grafting by the author, the controversy surrounding the use of flower imagery in literature, the peculiar beauty of crippled alder tress and the problem of "roots" in the general sense are also discussed. The question of the ethical value of purely ornamental objects is raised.

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20

Riedel, Casper. "Ethnopharmacological evaluation through literature review and GC-MS analysis of Baccharis magellanica." [Copenhagen] : University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Biology, 2007. http://www.forskningsbase.life.ku.dk/retrieve/6144494?format=application/pdf.

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Ritzman, Anna. "Larger on-Site Sewage Treatment Plants in Sweden : - A literature and an interview study to find appropriate solutions." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-22919.

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There are no general recommendations of how a larger on-site sewage treatment plant should be designed; most research studies have been conducted on smaller ones. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate what type of design that is appropriate for an on-site sewage treatment plant built to manage the hydraulic load from between 50 and 200 human equivalents. Phosphorus is the main parameter of interest for this thesis, but nitrogen, biological oxygen demand (BOD ) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) is also included. To find appropriate solutions of this, both a literature study and a qualitative interview study have been done. The combined knowledge from this has then been used to describe what solutions are appropriate according to both environmental and economic aspects. The interview study included four participants with different designs of a larger on-site sewage treatment plant. For the analysis on the data from the interviews, content analysis was used, five main categories was found: Design of the on-site sewage treatment plant, Maintenance work to make the on-site sewage treatment plant well-functioning, Supervision and regulation, Environmental awareness and Economy. Infiltration, filter bed, phosphorus filter, precipitation of phosphorus, small sewage treatment plant and constructed wetlands, are the designs of an on-site sewage treatment plant that has been described in this thesis. Of these designs, infiltration or filter beds are appropriate solutions. These can be combined with a phosphorus filter, if higher phosphorus reductions are required. Also, a small sewage treatment plant could be an appropriate solution of a larger on-site sewage treatment plant, this solution requires more maintains work and has higher costs.

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Dunlap, Sarah Elizabeth. "Novel Ecologies: The New Science of Life in Modern Fiction." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1494318892609889.

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Boabaid, Fabiana M. "Achados clínico-patológicos e métodos de controle da intoxicação por Pteridium (aquilinum) arachnoideum." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/171444.

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A infestação de pastagens por populações de Pteridium arachnoideum é um problema que afeta a pecuária, em diversas partes do mundo. Os efeitos deletérios da infestação pela planta sobre a bovinocultura são manifestados na forma de mortalidades e de redução das áreas de pastagens, assim como de perdas produtivas. Devido à importância dessas perdas na produção de bovinos, foi proposto o acompanhamento de uma propriedade do Rio Grande do Sul com problemas decorrentes da infestação pela planta em sua casuística e métodos de controle empregados. Adicionalmente, realizou-se teste da viabilidade de ovinos como ferramenta de controle biológico. Dos casos de intoxicação naturais acompanhados na propriedade, observou-se a ocorrência de quadro agudo de diátese hemorrágica e de quadro crônico de carcinomas do trato digestório superior. Observou-se que quando expostos a fatores predisponentes, como a introdução em áreas recentemente roçadas, os bovinos podem consumir altas doses da planta e assim desenvolver a enfermidade aguda em forma de surtos. Em diversos bovinos jovens com quadro de diátese hemorrágica, além das hemorragias disseminadas e infartos múltiplos, observou-se acentuado edema laríngeo, que cursava clinicamente com dispneia e estertores respiratórios característicos. Os carcinomas do trato digestório superior, apesar de menos frequentes, causaram expressivas perdas devido a mortalidades anuais de matrizes. A tentativa de controle pelo pastejo por ovinos não foi eficiente, devido ao consumo pouco expressivo na lotação praticada. Mortalidade de ovinos, no entanto, decorrente do consumo da planta não foi registrada. O método de combate à planta aplicado na propriedade combinava ou associava a roçagem em áreas densamente povoadas com o uso de herbicidas, nomeadamente metilsulfuron-metil e picloram, em todos os piquetes. A redução da cobertura da P. arachnoideum foi variada em diferentes piquetes; entretanto, possibilitou a recuperação de algumas áreas de pastejo.
The infestation of pastured areas by Pteridium arachnoideum populations has been a considerable and global problem to the livestock production. The deleterious effects of the plant infestation on cattle are manifested as animal mortality and pasture coverage reduction. Given the importance of P. arachnoideum in cattle production, it has been proposed to monitor a beef cattle farm in Rio Grande do Sul, to assess some of the losses associated with the plant consumption apart of the methods employed for controlling the plant. In addition, the viability of sheep’s grazing as a biological control tool was tested. Cases of natural poisoning observed in the farm included the acute form, known as hemorrhagic diathesis as well as the chronic form, consisting in digestive carcinomas. When cattle were exposed to any predisposing factor, such as being moved to newly mowed areas, it was noted that the amount of plant consumed can readily lead to an outbreak of acute poisoning. Several cases of hemorrhagic diathesis in young cattle went along with marked laryngeal edema, which was clinically manifested as dyspnea and roaring, in addition to the classic pathological changes of widespread hemorrhages and infarcts. Even though less frequent, carcinomas of the upper digestive tract caused significant losses, due to annual mortality of mature cows. The attempt through grazing by sheep wasn’t efficient to control P. aquilinum, due to the low consumption of the plant seen in the actual stocking. However, sheep mortality, by P. arachnoideum consumption was not recorded. The plant control method applied at the farm combined mowing of densely populated areas with herbicide applications, namely metilsulfuron-methyl and picloram, in all paddocks. The reduction of P. arachnoideum coverage was varied in different paddocks; however, allowed the recovery of some grazing areas.

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Hamidifard-Graber, Fatemeh. "Von Ackerwinde bis Zypresse das Pflanzenreich im "Königsbuch" des Ferdousī." Berlin Schwarz, 2006. http://d-nb.info/995593868/04.

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Galindo, Claudia Martins. "Intoxicação espontânea e experimental por tifton 68 (Cynodon nlemfuensis vanderyst) em bovino." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2015. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/927.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Tifton 68 (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst) is a grass cultivated in southern Brazil and it causes peracute clinical manifestations of dyspnea, swallowing difficulty, muscle tremors, bloat and recumbency in cattle. After starting the first clinical signs, death occurs quickly. Gross and microscopic lesions were not observed. The present study describes the epidemiological, clinical and lesional spontaneous tifton 68 poisoning that occurred in Rio do Sul, Pouso Redondo, Taió and Rio do Campo, in Santa Catarina State. Data were obtained through information from Animal Pathology Laboratory, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias (LAPA / CAV) archives. Experimentally was performed the hydrocyanic acid concentration in fresh and dry leaves and treatment with specific antidote solution. The disease was experimentally reproduced with the administration of tifton 68 green leaves for two cattle in doses starting of 10.3 g/kg. The cyanogenic poisoning was confirmed by the immediate response to sodium thiosulfate and sodium nitrite intravenous treatment. Tifton 68 green leaves samples had positive response to picric acid paper test, with mild reaction, turning orange in color. Dried tifton 68 leaves showed no toxicity even at high doses (18 and 27 g/kg) being safe for cattle consumption
Tifton 68 (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst) é uma gramínea cultivada na região sul do Brasil e é responsável por manifestações clínicas superagudas de dispneia, dificuldade de deglutição, tremores musculares, timpanismo e decúbito em bovinos. A morte ocorre rapidamente após o inicio dos primeiros sinais e não são encontradas alterações macro e microscópicas significativas. O presente estudo descreve os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e lesionais da intoxicação espontânea por tifton 68 que ocorreu nos municípios de Rio do Sul, Pouso Redondo, Taió e Rio do Campo, estado de Santa Catarina, registrados no Laboratório de Patologia Animal do Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias (LAPA/CAV). Experimentalmente foram avaliados a concentração de ácido cianídrico nas folhas verdes e secas dessa planta e o uso de solução antídoto específica. A reprodução experimental consistiu na administração de folhas verdes de tifton 68 para dois bovinos com doses a partir de 10,3 g/kg. O quadro de intoxicação cianogênica foi confirmado pela imediata resposta ao tratamento endovenoso com tiossulfato de sódio e nitrito de sódio. As amostras da planta verde forneceram resposta positiva ao teste do papel picro-sódico. O feno de tifton 68 não demonstrou qualquer toxicidade, mesmo em doses maiores (18 e 27 g/kg), sendo seguro para a alimentação de bovinos

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Lucioli, Joelma. "Intoxicação espontânea e experimental por Eupatorium tremulum (Asteraceae) em bovinos." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2007. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/864.

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The spontaneous and experimental poisoning by Eupatorium tremulum in cattle is described. Spontaneous cases were diagnosed in a herd of 19 cattle in the municipality of Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Three out of hose 19 cattle were found dead after they were transferred to a pasture with abundant quantities of E. tremulum. Two of those were necropsied and several internal organs were sampled for histological examination. Green leaves of E. tremulum were force-fed orally to five calves as single doses varying from 23-32 g/kg /body weight. Three calves had clinical signs and two died. The main observed clinical signs included anorexia, apathy, lack of rumen movements, diarrhea and flabby abdominal wall. Gross changes were restricted to the fore stomachs and were identical to those observed in the cases of natural poisoning. There was a reddish heu to the serosal aspect of rumen and reticulum; the corneal layer of the internal lining of these organs was loosely attached to a markedly red mucosa. On histological examination of the rumen and reticulum from both spontaneous and experimental cases there were necrosis and vesicles formation in the epithelial covering; in some segments of the ruminal mucosa there was detachment of the epithelial covering and infiltration by neuthophils. The poisoning by E. tremulum has clinical course, gross lesions and histopathology very similar to those observed in the poisoning caused by the ingestion of the plants Baccharidastrum triplinervium, Baccharis coridifolia and Baccharis megapotamica var. weirii. The differential diagnosis between these four plant poisonings should include the presence of the plant and epidemiology. The diagnosis of the spontaneous cases in this study was confirmed by epidemiological data and experimental reproduction of characteristic gross lesions and histopathology
Descreve-se a intoxicação natural e experimental por Eupatorium tremulum em bovinos. Um surto de intoxicação espontânea por esta planta foi diagnosticado no município de Lages Santa Catarina. Em um lote de dezenove bovinos, três morreram após a transferência para uma invernada aonde havia grande quantidade de E. tremulum. Os animais foram encontrados mortos, e dois foram necropsiados e foram coletadas amostras de vísceras para exame histológico. Experimentalmente, folhas verdes de E. tremulum foram administradas a cinco bovinos, em doses únicas que variaram de 23 a 32 g/Kg de peso vivo. Destes, três adoeceram e dois morreram. Os principais sinais clínicos observados foram: anorexia, apatia, atonia ruminal, micção freqüente e em pequenos jatos, fezes pastosas e ventre flácido. As lesões macroscópicas restringiram-se aos pré-estômagos e foram idênticas, tanto para intoxicação natural como para a experimental. O rúmen e retículo externamente mostravam tonalidade levemente avermelhada, a camada córnea da mucosa estava frouxamente aderida e a mucosa tinha coloração vermelha acentuada. Ao exame histológico observou-se no rúmen e retículo, tanto na intoxicação espontânea, como experimental, necrose do epitélio da mucosa com formações de pequenas vesículas e em alguns segmentos, desprendimento da camada epitelial e leve infiltrado de neutrófilos. A intoxicação por E. tremulum tem curso clínico, lesões macro e microscópicas muito semelhantes àquelas produzidas pela intoxicação por Baccharidastrum triplinervium, Baccharis coridifolia (miomio) e Baccharis megapotamica var. weirii (mio-mio do banhado). O diagnóstico diferencial entre essas quatro intoxicações deve ser feito pela presença da planta e pelos dados epidemiológicos. O diagnóstico dos casos espontâneos foram confirmados pelos dados epidemiológicos e reprodução experimental das lesões macro e microscópicas

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Bertoni, Daniel Robert. "The Cultivation and Conceptualization of Exotic Plants in the Greek and Roman Worlds." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11448.

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This dissertation is an investigation into how plants provide a way to explore cultural interactions between Greece and Rome and the east. I use India, a region that remained consistently exotic to most Greeks and Romans throughout antiquity, as a test case to examine how eastern plants were received and integrated into Greek and Roman culture. Throughout I use my test case as a focus and as an object of comparison: India is a constant reminder of what was conceptualized as exotic. My methodology is primarily "plants in text," an approach that incorporates both the physical reality of plants for sale at the market as well as the imagined flora that grows at the end of the earth. The results of this inquiry show the value of investigating the cultural importance of plants and the mental constructs that surround them in the ancient Greek and Roman worlds.
The Classics

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PIMENTEL, Luciano da Anunciação. "Plantas tóxicas no Norte Baiano." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2012. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1647.

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Intoxicações acidentais por espécies de Jatropha já foram descritas em humanos, e em animais, por fornecimento dos subprodutos da planta. Além disso, a intoxicação tem sido reproduzida experimentalmente em diferentes espécies animais. Ainda não foram descritos casos de intoxicação por Jatropha spp. em animais a campo Descreve-se surtos de intoxicação espontânea por J. ribifolia na região semiárida do Nordeste Brasileiro em caprinos a pastejo, na época de seca. A mortalidade variou entre 6% e 40%. Clinicamente os animais apresentavam apatia, anorexia, adipsia, fezes amolecidas, perda de peso e severa desidratação. Os caprinos apresentavam manchas avermelhadas (nódoas), devido a um pigmento presente em J. ribifolia, na pele do focinho, rima labial, dentes e chifres. Na necropsia de um caprino foram observados, principalmente, sinais característicos de emaciação. Na reprodução experimental, dois dos três caprinos que receberam doses únicas de 10 e 20 g da planta por kg de peso vivo (g/kg), apresentaram desidratação leve e fezes amolecidas. A planta foi também administrada a dois caprinos que receberam doses diárias durante 8 dias. Um caprino recebeu 10 g/kg, e outro a dose 20 g/kg por dia e apresentaram sinais clínicos após 4 e 3 dias do início do consumo, respectivamente. Um caprino recuperouse espontaneamente e o outro foi eutanasiado. Os sinais clínicos e lesões observadas foram semelhantes aos observados nos casos espontâneos. Este é o primeiro caso de intoxicação por Jatropha spp. em caprinos a pastoreio que ingeriram a planta espontaneamente.
Human poisoning by Jatropha species and poisoning when livestock have been fed processed plant material has been described. Additionally, poisoning has been experimentally reproduced in various animal models. But, no cases of poisoning in livestock grazing standing and unprocessed Jatropha spp. have been reported. This study reports the poisoning of goats with Jatropha ribifolia in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil during the dry season. The mortality of the goats ranged from 6% to 40%. The main clinical signs were apathy, anorexia, soft feces, weight loss, and severe dehydration. The skin, lips, horns, and teeth of the affected goats were stained with a reddish pigment that is present in the J. ribifolia plant. Emaciation was the main lesion observed in one necropsied goat. In 2 out of 3 goats that ingested a single dose of J. ribifolia, 10 g or 20 g of leaves of the plant per kg body weight (g/kg), mild dehydration and soft feces were observed. The plant was also administered daily to two goats for 8 days. One animal received 10 g/kg per day, and the other received 20 g/kg per day and the goats showed clinical signs after 4 and 3 days, respectively. The goat that received 10 g/kg daily recovered, and the other was euthanized. The clinical signs and lesions that were observed were similar to those observed in the spontaneous cases. This is the first case of Jatropha spp. poisoning in grazing animals that ingested the plant spontaneously.

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Wintola, Olubunmi Abosede A. "The efficacy and toxicological effects of aloe ferox mill. used in the management of constipation in Nkonkobe municipality of the Eastern Cape province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/485.

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Herbal remedies are commonly used in developing countries for the treatment of various diseases, including constipation. The rationale for utilizing medicinal plants for the treatment of diseases rested largely on the belief that they are safe and free of side effects. However, there is limited scientific evidence on the safety and efficacy of these herbal medicines to back up their continued therapeutic application. Aloe ferox Mill. (Aspodelaceae), known as Cape aloe, locally called ikhala is a medicinal plant used by the people of the Eastern Cape Province for the treatment of gastrointestinal problems and constipation. The plant is a perennial shrub with thick succulent leaves bearing brown thorns on the margin and bright orange flowers arranged in oval lanceolate. It occurs in all weather in bush veld, road side, gardens and undisturbed places. According to the ethnomedicinal information, A. ferox is used as purgative. This research project was therefore designed to evaluate its ability in the treatment of constipation and to investigate its possible toxicological property. At the beginning of this programme, a survey of plants used for the treatment of constipation in Nkonkobe Municipality of the Eastern Cape Province was carried out using a questionnaire, which was administered to herbalists, traditional healers and rural dwellers. The study revealed 10 plant species from 8 families that are used for the treatment of constipation in the province. Four plants, Aloe ferox Mill, Boophone distischa L.f Herb, Alepidea amatybica Eckl and Artemisia afra Jacq, were repeatedly mentioned. Based on the frequency of usage, perceived efficacy and availability to the rural dwellers and the traditional healers, Aloe ferox was the most commonly used of the plants for the treatment of constipation. The plant was thus, chosen for the study. The invivo laxative effect of the aqueous extract of Aloe ferox in the treatment of loperamide-induced constipation in Wistar rats was investigated at varying concentrations. The leaf extract at all the dosages investigated (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) improved intestinal motility, increased fecal volume and normalized body weight in the constipated rats. This was an indication of its laxative properties. However, the laxative property of the herb at 200 mg/kg body weight of the extract showed best efficacy and compares favourably well with senokot, a standard laxative drug. These findings have therefore, lent scientific credence to the folkloric use of the herb by the people of the Eastern Cape of South Africa as a laxative agent. Toxicological evaluation of aqueous leaf extract of Aloe ferox in loperamide-induced constipation was studied at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight. The oral administration of the extracts did not show any significant effect on the liver and kidney body weight ratios as well as the kidney and liver function indices. The extracts, at all the dosages investigated, did not alter the levels of creatinine, uric acid, urea, calcium and potassium ions. Similarly, the levels of total protein, albumin, bilirubin and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) were not significantly different from the control. The plant extract appreciably normalized the elevated activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in the untreated constipated rats following treatment with the extract. The extract did not show a significant effect on the hematological parameters except for the increase in the lymphocyte count in the untreated constipated rats, which was attenuated after administering the herb. ThThe available evidence in this study suggests that A. ferox may be safe as an oral remedy for constipation. Generally, the effect of the extract compared favourably well with senokot, a recommended drug for the treatment of constipation. The antioxidant activities against 1, 1 diphenyl- 2 picrylhydrazl (DPPH), 2,2’ – azinobis [3- ethylbenzothiazoline -6- sulfonic acid] diammonium salt (ABTS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Nitric oxide (NO), lipid peroxidation and the ferric reducing agents were investigated spectrophotometrically. Alkaloids, saponins, tannins, total phenols, flavonoids, flavonols and proanthocyanidin were also determined to assess their effects on the antioxidants activity of this plant. The phytochemical content of the ethanol and acetone extracts were consistently high compared to other solvents extracts. The level of tannins was not significant (P > 0.05) as compared with other solvent extracts. The free radical scavenging activity of the extracts was high even at lower concentrations (0.025 mg/ml) except in DPPH and lipid peroxidation. The ferric reducing potential of the extracts was concentration dependent and significantly different from Vitamin C and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) that were used as standard drugs. The present study showed a high level of scavenging activity of the leaf extracts of Aloe ferox in all the solvent extracts. Both ethanol and methanolic extract showed potent antioxidant activities than acetone and aqueous extracts. The study indicated that the leaf extracts of Aloe ferox might be a valuable source of natural antioxidant for both medicine and food industries. A. ferox leaf consists of the gel, latex and mesophyll layer; however, the main active constituents of the latex and the leaf exudate of Aloe ferox are anthraquinones which are believed to be responsible for the laxative property. The laxative compound in Aloe ferox leaf extract was isolated and characterized by extracting the plant material in methanol and extract suspended in distilled water. Partitioning was done with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol respectively and was co-spotted with the over-the-counter (OTC) laxative drugs. This led to the successive column chromatography and thin layer chromatography (TLC) of the most active ethyl acetate fraction on silica gel with benzene/ethanol/ammonia hydroxide (BEA: 90:10:1), ethyl acetate/methanol/water (EMW: 40:5.4:5) and chloroform/ethyl acetate/formic acid (CEF: 50:40:10) as the mobile phase. The successive chromatograph and TLC afforded two compounds of Rf 0.420 (blue) and 0.831 (yellow) with the over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. These compounds were not totally elucidated due to their small quantity and instability. However, hydroxyl (OH) and carboxyl groups (COOH) was established as common to the extracted compounds, which might be responsible for the biological activity recorded for the plant extract.

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Askvärn, Elisabeth. "Kan växter lindra klimakteriebesvär? : Behandling av vasomotoriska symptom med hjälp av örtmedicin." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23143.

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Syftet med detta arbete var att undersöka användningen av örtmedicin vid vasomotoriska symptom i klimakteriet. Frågorna som ställdes var vilka växter som användes, vilka delar av växterna som användes, och hur växtdelarna bereddes och användes. Den sista frågeställningen tog upp hur mycket växterna lindrade de vasomotoriska symptomen. En litteraturstudie genomfördes över vetenskapliga artiklar. I artiklarna användes 20 växter, men endast fem av dessa sas lindra de vasomotoriska symptomen. De fem växterna var Actaea racemosa, Angelica sinensis, Ginkgo biloba, Glycine sp. och Pimpinella anisum. De växtdelar som oftast användes var rötterna och dessa bereddes ofta genom extrakt som bearbetades för att öka koncentrationen och omvandlas till pulver. Pulvret formades för det mesta till tabletter och kapslar. Ibland saknades information, som vetenskapliga namn på växterna, vilka växtdelar som användes eller hur växterna bereddes. I snitt lindrade växterna de vasomotoriska symptomen med 60 %. De flesta växterna visade sig lindra milda symptom mer än starka symptom. Ett undantag var P. anisum som minskade både antal och styrkan på vallningarna med 74 %. Denna litteraturstudie visar att det finns växter som påverkar de vasomotoriska symptomen i positiv riktning. Samtidigt visar den att informationen i artiklarna ibland är bristfällig och att man inte alltid studerar om växterna kan ge biverkningar. Örtmedicin skulle kunna vara ett alternativ för kvinnor som av olika anledningar inte kan eller vill använda syntetiska hormoner eller andra farmakologiska mediciner, men för att kunna ta in örtmedicin som en del av sjukvården krävs det longitudinella studier som även studerar eventuella biverkningar eller risker för att bättre säkerställa växternas effekt på människokroppen.
The aim of this study was to investigate the use of herbal medicine for vasomotor symptoms during menopause. The questions posed were which herbs that were used, what parts of the herbs that were used, and how the plant parts were prepared and utilized. The last question covered how much the plants alleviated the vasomotor symptoms. A review of the scientific literature was carried out. In the articles, 20 herbs and plants were used, but only five of them were said to relieve the vasomotor symptoms. The five plants were Actaea racemosa, Angelica sinensis, Ginkgo biloba, Glycine sp. and Pimpinella anisum. The most commonly used parts of the herbs were the roots, often through extracts that were processed in order to increase the concentration and to transform the plant parts into powder. The powder was then for the most part transformed to tablets and capsules. Sometimes, information was missing, such as the scientific names of the plants, what parts of the plants that were used and how the herbs were prepared and utilized. On average, the herbs alleviated the vasomotor symptoms by 60 %. Most of the herbs appeared to relieve mild symptoms more than they alleviated strong symptoms. An exception was P. anisum, which decreased both the amount of and the strength of the flushes by 74 %. This literature study shows that there are plants that influence the vasomotor symptoms in a positive direction. At the same time, it shows that the information in the articles is sometimes incomplete and that the scientists do not always study if the herbs can give side effects. Herbal medicine could be an alternative for women who, for different reasons, cannot or do not want to take synthetic hormones or other pharmacological medicines. However, in order to make herbal medicine part of the treatment offered by public health care, longitudinal studies that also investigate possible side effects or risks are needed for securing the effect of the herbs on the human body.

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SANTOS, José Rômulo Soares dos. "Malformações em pequenos ruminantes." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2012. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1638.

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Esta tese inclui uma revisão de literatura e dois artigos. O primeiro capítulo é uma revisão que abrange princípios gerais da teratologia, a epidemiologia, o diagnóstico, a clínica e a patologia das malformações em pequenos ruminantes. No artigo que corresponde ao segundo capítulo, foi estudado a teratogenicidade de Mimosa tenuiflora. Quinze ovelhas, distribuídas em dois grupos foram introduzidas em área invadida pela planta. O Grupo 1, com seis ovelhas prenhes, foi introduzido na área experimental 20 dias após o acasalamento. O Grupo 2, formado por nove ovelhas não prenhes e um carneiro, foi introduzido na área experimental no início do experimento. A cada 15 dias eram realizados exames ultrassonográficos para acompanhamento da gestação. No Grupo 1, três ovelhas abortaram, cada uma um feto sem malformações. Outra ovelha pariu dois cordeiros, um com hiperflexão na articulação interfalangeana proximal no membro torácico direito e outro sem malformações. Outra ovelha pariu um cordeiro com hiperflexão dos dois membros pélvicos na região da articulação tarsometatársica. No grupo 2, uma ovelha abortou um feto sem malformações e cinco pariram cordeiros normais. Três das ovelhas desse grupo não emprenharam durante todo o período experimental, mostrando retornos repetidos ao cio, sugerindo perda embrionária. Concluiu-se que M. tenuiflora, além de causar malformações causa, também, mortalidade embrionária e abortos em ovelhas. No terceiro capitulo, o artigo relata os achados clínicos e patológicos de um caprino com lisencefalia e hipoplasia cerebelar. No exame físico, esse caprino de 30 dias, apresentava incoordenação e incapacidade de ficar em pé, decúbito esternal permanente, ataxia, ausência do reflexo de ameaça, tremores de intenção e nistagmo. Após 11 dias de internamento o caprino foi eutanasiado e necropsiado. Na necropsia, o cérebro não apresentava giros e sulcos e o cerebelo estava reduzido de tamanho. Histologicamente, em todo o córtex cerebral, a substância cinzenta estava mais espessa e a substância branca mais fina que o normal. Os neurônios estavam distribuídos de forma aleatória na substância cinzenta. No cerebelo, as camadas estavam desorganizadas, com localização heterotópica das células. Os achados macroscópicos e histológicos são característicos de lisencefalia e hipoplasia cerebelar. Lisencefalia é uma doença rara na medicina veterinária e não tinha sido descrita em caprinos.
This thesis includes a review and two papers. The first chapter is a review about general principles of teratology and epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical signs and pathology of malformations in small ruminants. The second chapter is a paper that studied the teratogenicity of Mimosa tenuiflora. Fifteen sheep, divided into two groups, were introduced into an area invaded by the plant. Group 1 consisted of six pregnant ewes that were introduced into the experimental area 20 days after mating. Group 2 consisted of nine non pregnant sheep and a ram introduced into the area at the start of the experiment. Every 15 days each sheep was examined by ultrasound to control pregnancy. In Group 1, three sheep aborted single fetuses without malformations. One sheep delivered two lambs, one with hyperflexion of the proximal inter-phalangeal joint of the right forelimb and another without malformations. Another sheep delivered a lamb with a hyperflexion of both hindlimbs in the region of the tarsal-metatarsal joint. Only one sheep delivered a normal lamb. In Group 2, one sheep aborted a fetus without malformations and five delivered normal lambs. Three sheep of this group returned to estrus repeatedly and did not get pregnant during the mating period, suggesting embryonic loss. It is concluded that M. tenuiflora cause malformations, embryonic mortality and abortion in sheep. In the third chapter, the paper relates a case of lissencephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia in a goat. The goat presented sternal recumbence, absent menace response, intention tremors, ataxia, and nystagmus. It was euthanized and necropsied after been hospitalized during eleven days. At necropsy, the surface of the brain was smooth, cerebral sulci and gyri were absent, and the cerebellum was reduced in size. Histologically, in all cerebral cortex, the grey matter was thicker and the white matter was thinner than normal. The neurons were arranged randomly in the grey matter. In the cerebellum, the layers were disorganized and there was heterotopy of the cells. The histologic and gross lesions are characteristic of lissencephaly associated with cerebellar hypoplasia. Lissencephaly is a rare disease in veterinary medicine and had not been reported previously in goats.

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Masuda, Eduardo Kenji. "Morfologia e imunoistoquímica dos carcinomas de células escamosas alimentares associados ao consumo de Pteridium aquilinum em bovinos." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10024.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
To determine the main factors influencing the biological behavior of 40 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the upper digestive tract (UDT) of cattle associated with spontaneous ingestion of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum), morphological, including cell proliferation, and immunohistochemical aspects were studied. The aspects analyzed included anatomical localization of SCCs, degree of differentiation, occurrence and distribution of metastasis, intensity of the lymphoplasmocytic inflammatory infiltrate (LPII), of the desmoplastic reation, tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia, and the cell proliferation index evaluated through quantification of the argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs). Forty two percent of SCCs were in the cranial region, 12.5% in the middle, and 45% in the caudal region of the UDT. The neoplasms were classified as well differentiated (WD-SCC; 67.5%), moderately differentiated (MD-SCC; 20%), or poorly differentiated (PD-SCC; 12.5%). When the degree of differentiation was correlated to the anatomical localization, it was observed in the cranial region that 88.2% were WD-SCC and 11.8% were MD-SCC. In the middle region, 60% were WD-SCC, 20% were MD-SCC, and 20% were PD-SCC. In the caudal region, 50% were WD-SCC, 27,8% were MD-SCC, and 22,2% were PD-SCC. Metastasis occurred in 57.75% of the cases, mostly to regional lymph nodes, and were observed in 58.82% of the cases with SCCs of the cranial region; in 40% of the middle region, and in 61.11% of the caudal region. Metastasis to regional lymph nodes and/or to distant organs were found in 44.44% of WDSCC, 75% of MD-SCC, and 100% of PD-SCC. Migration and invasion patterns were analyzed through the immunohistochemistry technique for cytokeratin. Islands and ribbons of neoplastic keratinocytes predominated in the WD-SCCs. The patterns varied greatly in the MD-SCCs, although small aggregates, ribbons, and cords predominated. PD-SCCS were characterized by small aggregates and individual cells. Lymphatic or hematogenous invasion were detected in 11/40 SCCs. There were SCCs originating from the ductal epithelium of the salivary glands. This finding was not previously reported. The intensity of the LPII was more accentuated in the BD-SCCs than in the MDs or PDs. The intensity of the desmoplastic reaction was quantified through the immunohistochemistry technique for vimentin, and was more severe in the PD-SCCs. The tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) was measured in the SCCs and classified as mild, moderate, or severe. The only positive statistically significant association was established between TATE and LPII intensities. Cell proliferation was evaluated through quantification of the argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) on the neoplastic keratinocytes. AgNOR mean value and standard deviation (±sd) for WD-SCCs were 1.65 (±0.23), for MD-SCCs were 1.88 (±0.31), and for PD-SCCs were 2.39 (±0.26). The correlation between the AgNOR index and each histopathological grade was statistically significant. In conclusion, the factors which influenced the biological behavior of SCCs were the degree of cell differentiation, the patterns of migration and invasion, the intensity of LPII, TATE and desmoplastic reation, and the cell proliferation index measured through quantification of the AgNORs.
Aspectos morfológicos, incluindo proliferação celular, e imunoistoquímicos de 40 carcinomas de células escamosas (CCEs) do trato alimentar superior de bovinos que consumiram samambaia (Pteridium aquilinum) espontaneamente foram estudados, visando principalmente determinar os fatores que influenciam o comportamento biológico destes neoplamas. Os aspectos analisados incluíram localização anatômica dos CCEs, grau de diferenciação celular, ocorrência e distribuição de metástases, padrões de migração e invasão, intensidade do infiltrado inflamatório linfoplasmocítico (IILP), da reação desmoplásica e da eosinofilia tecidual associada a tumores (TATE), e o índice de proliferação celular avaliado através da contagem das regiões organizadoras nucleolares argirofílicas (AgNORs). Quanto a localização anatômica, 42% dos CCEs localizaramse na região cranial, 12,5% na média e 45% na caudal do trato alimentar superior (TAS). Os CCEs foram classificados quanto ao grau de diferenciação celular em bem (CCE-BD [67,5%]), moderadamente (CCE-MD [20%]) ou pouco diferenciados (CCE-PD [12,5%]). Quando relacionado o grau de diferenciação celular com a localização no TAS, verificou-se que na região cranial 88,2% eram CCEs-BD e 11,8% eram MD; na região média, 60% eram BD, 20% eram MD e 20% eram PD; na região caudal, 50% eram BD, 27,8% MD e 22,2% PD. Metástases ocorreram em 57,75% dos casos, principalmente para linfonodos regionais, e foram observadas em 58,82% dos CCEs na região cranial, em 40% dos da região média e em 61,11% dos da região caudal. Metástases para linfonodos regionais e/ou órgãos distantes foram encontradas em 44,44% dos CCEs-BD, em 75% dos MD e em 100% os PD. Foram analisados os padrões de migração e invasão com o auxílio da técnica de imunoistoquímica para citoqueratina. Nos CCEs-BD predominaram os padrões em ilhas e fitas de queratinócitos neoplásicos; nos MD os padrões variaram muito porém predominaram os agregados pequenos, fitas e cordões; nos PD predominaram os agregados e as células individuais. Invasão vascular linfática e/ou sangüínea foram observadas em 11/40 CCEs. Foram observados CCEs originando-se do epitélio dos ductos das glândulas salivares, aspecto este que não havia sido relatado anteriormente. Observou-se que a intensidade do IILP era muito mais acentuada nos CCEs-BD que nos MD e PD. A intensidade da reação desmoplásica foi quantificada através da imunistoquímica para vimentina e foi muito mais acentuada nos CCEs-PD. A TATE foi medida nos CCEs quanto à intensidade em leve, moderada ou acentuada. A única associação positiva estatisticamente significativa foi estabelecida entre a intensidade da TATE e a do IILP. A proliferação celular foi avaliada quantitativamente através da contagem das regiões organizadoras nucleolares argirofílicas (AgNORs) nos queratinócitos neoplásicos. A média e o desvio padrão (±DP) de AgNORs nos CCEs BD foi de 1,65 (±0,23), nos MD de 1,88 (±0,31) e nos PD foi de 2,39 (±0,26). A correlação entre o índice de AgNOR e cada grau de diferenciação celular foi estatisticamente significativa. Concluiu-se que os fatores que influenciaram no comportamento biológico dos CCEs foram o grau de diferenciação celular, os padrões de migração e invasão, a IILP, a TATE e da reação desmoplásica e o índice de proliferação celular avaliado através da contagem das AgNORs.

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Silva, Wilson Castro. "Potencialidade acaricida sobre Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus e estudo fitoquímico de Piper aduncum L. (Piperaceae), Palicourea marcgravii St. Hil (Rubiaceae) e Derris negrensis Benth (Fabaceae)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2008. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/625.

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O carrapato Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus é um ectoparasita que causa prejuízos econômicos à pecuária brasileira. Neste trabalho foi avaliada a potencialidade de extratos de Palicourea marcgravii e Derris negrensis e de extratos e óleo essencial de Piper aducum para o controle de R. microplus. Extratos de folhas de P. aduncum e P. marcgravii e caules de D. negrensis foram preparados com os solventes hexano, acetato de etila e etanol. Avaliou-se a atividade dos extratos sobre carrapatos adultos nas concentrações de 5, 25, 50, 75 e 100mg/ml, a fim de verificar a mortalidade e reprodução dos ácaros, observando-se que entre os extratos das três espécies avaliadas, o que apresentou maior potencial acaricida foi o extrato acetato de etila de P. marcgravii, o qual ocasionou taxas de mortalidade de fêmeas ingurgitadas entre 24 e 78%, estimando CL50 = 30,08 mg/ml; inibiu 100% da oviposição, estimando CI50 = 5,79 mg/ml. Avaliou-se, também, o efeito dos extratos das três plantas nas concentrações de 1,5, 10, 15 e 20mg/ml sobre larvas de R. microplus, verificando-se que o extrato acetato de etila de P. marcgravii foi o mais eficiente induzindo taxas de mortalidade que variaram de 30,32 a 95,11%, estimando CL50 = 2,46 mg/ml. A ação do óleo essencial de P. aduncum foi avaliada também em larvas, induzindo a mortalidade total das mesmas em todas as concentrações avaliadas. O óleo essencial foi analisado por Cromatografia Gasosa (CG) e Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada a Espectro de Massas (CG/EM) apresentando o dilapiol como composto majoritário(94,84%). Os extratos de D. negrensis não estimaram CL50 para fêmeas ingurgitadas e larvas de R. microplus. Estes resultados indicam a potencialidade acaricida dos extratos de P. marcgravii e do óleo essencial de P. aduncum, podendo ser uma alternativa de controle contra essa espécie de carrapato.
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The tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is an ectoparasite that cause economic losses to brazilian livestock. In this work, it was evaluated the toxicity of Palicourea marcgravii and Derris negrensis extracts and Piper aduncum extracts and essential oil for R. microplus. Extract of leaves of P. aduncum and P. marcgravii and stems of D. negrensis were prepared with hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol solvents. The extracts activity was evaluated on adult ticks at concentrations of 5, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/ml, in order to verify mortality and reproduction of the acarids, being observed that among the extracts of three species evaluated, one that showed higher acaricidal potential was the ethyl acetate extract of P. marcgravii, which caused mortality rates of engorged female between 24 and 78%, estimating CL50 = 30,08 mg/ml; it have inhibited 100% of the oviposition, estimating CI50 = 5,79 mg/ml. It was evaluated too the extracts effect of the three plants at concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/ml on R. microplus larvae, verifying that the P. marcgravii ethyl extract was more efficient inducing mortality rates that ranged from 30,32 to 95,11%, estimating CL50 = 2,46 mg/ml. The action of P. aduncum essential oil was evaluated on larvae too, inducing the total mortality of the same ones in all concentrations evaluated. The essential oil was analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography coupled Mass Spectrum (GC/MS) showing dilapiol as the major compound (94,84%). The D. negrensis extracts didn t estimate CL50 for engorged female and larvae of R. microplus. These results indicate the acaricidal potential of the P. marcgravii extracts and P. aduncum essential oil, and could be an alternative of control against that tick species.

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Debelle, Frédéric. "Modèle expérimental de fibrose rénale interstitielle induite par les acides aristolochiques (plantes chinoises)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211066.

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La néphropathie aux plantes chinoises (CHN) est une maladie rénale grave qui a été décrite pour la première fois en 1993 chez des patientes ayant suivi un régime amaigrissant à base d’extraits de plantes chinoises (Aristolochia fangchi) contenant des acides aristolochiques (AA). Cette néphropathie se caractérise par une atrophie tubulaire et une fibrose interstitielle aboutissant à l’urémie terminale et se complique fréquemment de cancers des voies urinaires. Au moment d’initier ce travail, il subsistait toujours un large débat quant au rôle étiologique réel des acides aristolochiques dans la genèse de cette maladie. En effet, les gélules à visée amaigrissante contenaient d’autres substances potentiellement néphrotoxiques. Mais surtout, il n’existait aucune preuve expérimentale que les AA pouvaient induire une fibrose rénale interstitielle.

Dans la première partie de ce travail, nous démontrons que l’injection par voie sous-cutanée d’AA à la dose de 10 mg/Kg/jour à des rats Wistar mâles en déplétion sodée entraîne l’apparition au 35ème jour d’une atrophie tubulaire, d’une fibrose interstitielle et d’une insuffisance rénale, reproduisant ainsi les anomalies caractéristiques de la CHN. Nous avons ensuite montré que la dexfenfluramine, substance anorexigène à action de type sérotoninergique prise concomitamment par les patientes atteintes de CHN, ne potentialise pas la toxicité rénale des AA. Enfin, la stimulation du système rénine angiotensine (SRA) par la déplétion sodée ou l’inhibition de celui-ci par un traitement pharmacologique ne modifie pas la fibrose interstitielle ni l’insuffisance rénale induite par les AA.

En conclusion, nous avons réussi à développer un modèle in vivo de fibrose rénale interstitielle induite par les AA. Dès lors nous avons apporté la preuve expérimentale de l’implication des AA dans le développement de la CHN. Ce modèle a permis de démontrer que les autres éléments potentiellement néphrotoxiques contenues dans la cure d’amaigrissement (dexfenfluramine, diurétique, laxatif) n’influençaient pas l’évolution de la fibrose interstitielle, ce qui confirme que la prise isolée d’AA suffit à expliquer le développement de la CHN. Cette confirmation à d’importantes implications en santé publique dans la mesure où des plantes contenant des acides aristolochiques font toujours partie des phytothérapies traditionnelles. De plus, il est apparu que, dans ce modèle, les mécanismes de la fibrose rénale interstitielle pouvaient être largement indépendants du SRA. Enfin, de par sa durée limitée et sa grande reproductibilité, ce modèle constitue un outil expérimental d’avenir pour l’étude des mécanismes physiopathologiques de la fibrose rénale interstitielle en général.

Doctorat en sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Raffi, Margarida Buss. "Intoxicação experimental por Ateleia glazioviana em ovinos: patogênese e bases morfológicas da falha reprodutiva, da insuficiência cardíaca e dos distúrbios neurológicos." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2004. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4131.

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This experiment was undertaken to study the following aspects of the A. glazioviana poisoning in sheep: (1) abortifacient properties of the plant and the pathogenesis of the abortions and reproductive failure associated with the toxicosis and (2) the morphology and pathogenesis of cardiac and brain lesions. In the first part of the experiment, 17 pregnant ewes were orally fed variable amounts of either green or dried leaves of A. glazioviana fractioned in 1-24 daily doses. All 17 ewes manifested some form of reproductive failure. Nine (52.9%) aborted their fetuses at 4-36 days after starting being fed the leaves of the plant; one had a stillbirth and in another one intrauterine fetal death was diagnosed. The other six ewes delivered 8 weak lambs seven of which died from few minutes to 48 hours after birth. Gross and histopathological changes observed in lambs, stillborn, and in aborted fetuses were rather similar to those found in the spontaneous poisoning by A. glazioviana in ruminants. It is concluded that abortions caused by A. glazioviana are due to transplacental induced fetal lesions consisting of toxic cardiomyopathy and spongy degeneration of the white matter of the brain. For the second part of the experiment 15 mature sheep were fed varying daily amounts of the fresh green leaves of A. glazioviana for different periods of time (1-24 days). Clinical signs observed in poisoned sheep included depression, anorexia, general weakness, staggering gait and prolonged recumbency. One sheep had signs of congestive heart failure. Necropsy findings included subcutaneous and cavitary edema in two sheep and nutmeg liver in one. Histopathological findings included degeneration, necrosis and interstitial fibrosis in the myocardium of 4 sheep and spongy degeneration of cerebral white matter (status spongiosus) in 10 sheep. The ultrastructure of the brain lesion was morphological consistent with those found in diseases grouped as spongiform myelinopathies in which vacuolation of myelin occur in absence of significant myelin break down or phagocytosis
Este estudo foi realizado para investigar os seguintes aspectos da intoxicação por Ateleia glazioviana em ovinos: (1) as propriedades abortivas da planta e a patogênese dos abortos e da falha reprodutiva associada à toxicose e (2) a morfologia e patogênese das lesões cardíacas e encefálicas. Para a primeira parte do experimento, 17 ovelhas prenhes receberam, por via oral, diferentes quantidades das folhas verdes ou secas de A. glazioviana fracionadas em 1-24 doses diárias. Todas as 17 ovelhas manifestaram alguma forma de falha reprodutiva. Nove ovelhas (52,9%) abortaram seus fetos aos 4- 36 dias após o início da administração da planta; houve um natimorto e uma morte intra-uterina. Seis ovelhas pariram 8 cordeiros fracos, sete dos quais morreram de alguns minutos até 48 horas após o nascimento. Alterações macro e microscópicas observadas em cordeiros, num natimorto e nos fetos abortados eram notavelmente semelhantes às observadas na intoxicação espontânea por A. glazioviana em ruminantes. Foi concluído que os abortos causados por A. glazioviana são devidos às lesões induzidas no feto por via transplacentária e consistem de miocardiopatia tóxica e degeneração esponjosa da substância branca do encéfalo. Para a segunda parte do experimento, 15 ovinos adultos receberam diferentes quantidades diárias das folhas verdes frescas de A. glazioviana por vários períodos de tempo (1-24 dias). Os sinais clínicos observados nos ovinos afetados incluíram depressão, anorexia, fraqueza, incoordenação e decúbito prolongado. Um ovino apresentou sinais de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva. Os achados de necropsia incluíram edema subcutâneo e das cavidades orgânicas em dois ovinos e fígado de noz moscada em um. Os achados histopatológicos incluíram degeneração, necrose e fibrose intersticial no miocárdio em 4 ovinos e degeneração esponjosa da substância branca do encéfalo (status spongiosus) em 10 ovinos. A ultra-estrutura da lesão encefálica foi morfologicamente classificada no grupo das mielinopatias espongiformes em que ocorre vacuolização da mielina sem degradação ou fagocitose significativas

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Anjos, Bruno Leite dos. "Intoxicação aguda espontânea e experimental por samambaia (Pteridium aquilinum) em bovinos." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10032.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical and pathological aspects of the spontaneous and experimental poisoning of cattle by bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) were studied. Two scientific papers that stemmed from these studies are presented and discussed here. Initially, 6,256 necropsy reports from cattle necropsied during a de 43-year-period (1964-2006) were reviewed. Of those, 15 cases were consistent with acute poisoning caused by the ingestion of P. aquilinum and they occurred in cattle from small farms in the Central region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In 40% of the farms the disease occurred in small outbreaks affecting several cattle per farm and in 60% only one bovine was affected in each farm. Morbidity and mortality were 17.9% and lethality was virtually 100%. The poisoning was experimentally produced in four calves; it was concluded that exclusively the events of the primary hemostasis due to thrombocytopenia are responsible for the hemorrhages. Blood culture from three affected calves yield the growth of Klebsiella oxytoca, Staphylococcus hyicus and S. aureus, indicating that septicemia, facilitated by neutropenia could have a role in the death of cattle acutely poisoned due to the ingestion of P. aquilinum.
Foram estudados a epidemiologia, a patogênese, os aspectos clínicos e patológicos da intoxicação aguda, espontânea e experimental, por samambaia (Pteridium aquilinum) em bovinos. Dois trabalhos científicos que resultaram desse estudo são aqui apresentados e discutidos. Inicialmente, foram revisados 6.256 laudos de necropsia de bovinos num período de 43 anos (1964-2006). Desses, 15 casos corresponderam a quadros de intoxicação aguda causada pela ingestão de P. aquilinum e os casos ocorreram em bovinos de pequenas propriedades rurais da Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul. Em 40% das propriedades a doença ocorreu em pequenos surtos e em 60% delas apenas um bovino era afetado por propriedade. As taxas médias de morbidade e mortalidade foram de 17,9% e a letalidade foi virtualmente 100%. A intoxicação foi produzida experimentalmente em quatro bovinos e foi demonstrado que apenas eventos da hemostasia primária devidos a trombocitopenia são responsáveis pelas hemorragias. A hemocultura de três dos bovinos intoxicados produziu crescimentos de Klebsiella oxytoca, Staphylococcus hyicus e S. aureus, indicando que a septicemia, facilitada pela neutropenia, pode ter participação na causa da morte de bovinos na intoxicação aguda pela ingestão de P. aquilinum.

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Reeds, Karen. "Botany in medieval and Renaissance universities." New York : Garland, 1991. http://books.google.com/books?id=quLaAAAAMAAJ.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard University, 1975.
"Annex: 'Renaissance humanism and botany, ' Annals of science 33 (1976), 519-542 [and] 'Publishing scholarly books in the sixteenth century, ' Scholarly publishing, April 1983, 259-274." Includes bibliographical references (p. 261-283) and index.

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Schons, Sandro de Vargas. "Plantas tóxicas para ruminantes e equídeos na região central de Rondônia." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2580.

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A survey about the presence of toxic plants and the occurrence of outbreaks of poisoning in ruminants and horses was performed in 12 municipalities of the central region of the state of Rondônia. Ninety eight persons were interviewed, including farmers, veterinary practitioners, agronomists, and agrarian technicians. Sixteen plants, previously known as toxic, were mentioned by the interviewed, including Palicourea marcgravii in 80% of the interviews, Asclepias curassavica in 79%, Palicourea grandiflora in 67%, Brachiaria spp. in 66%, Enterolobium contortisiliquum in 65%, Pteridium aquilium em 57%, Brachiaria radicans in 50%, Lantana camara in 47%, Senna occidentalis in 40%, Ricinus communis in 33%, Manihot esculenta in 33%, Ipomea carnea in 20%, Ipomoea asarifolia in 17%, Palicourea juruana in 17%, Crotalaria spp. in 16%, and Arrabidaea bilabiata in 6%. Thirty four farmers reported poisoning by toxic plants, including poisoning by Palicourea marcgravii (12 outbreaks), Palicourea grandiflora and Enterolobium contortisiliquum (seven outbreaks each), and Palicourea juruana, Brachiaria radicans, Brachiaria brizantha, and Manihot esculenta (two outbreaks each). In sheep, farmers reported two outbreaks of photosensitization caused by Brachiaria decumbens and one outbreak of sudden death caused by Palicourea grandiflora. In the 34 outbreaks, 374 (8,9%) bovines were affected and 311 (7,4%) died, from a total of 4.192 cattle exposed. In the three outbreaks in sheep, 28 animals were affected and 20 died out of 250 exposed. Amorimia sepium, a previously unreported toxic plant, was identified as a cause of sudden death in sheep and cattle in 32% of the farms. Fifteen outbreaks of colic in horses grazing Panicum maximum (cultivars Massai, Tanzânia, and Mombaça) during the rainy season were also reported. Experiments were conducted with Enterolobium spp., Amorimia sepium and Panicum maximum. It is concluded that poisoning by toxic plants is an important cause of economic losses in livestock in the region studied. With the results of this research the number of known toxic plant for ruminants in central region of Rondônia increased from one to nine, indicating that more research is necessary for the knowledge of poisonous plants for livestock in the Brazilian Amazonic region.
Foi realizado um levantamento em 12 municípios da região central de Rondônia sobre a presença de plantas tóxicas e ocorrência de surtos de intoxicação através da utilização de um questionário aplicado a veterinários, agrônomos, zootecnistas e produtores rurais com o objetivo de identificar as principais plantas tóxicas que ocorrem na região e determinar sua importância econômica. Foram realizadas 98 entrevistas sendo identificadas 16 plantas tóxicas previamente conhecidas. Palicourea marcgravii foi mencionada em 80% das entrevistas, Asclepias curassavica em 79%, Palicourea grandiflora em 67%, Brachiaria sp. em 66%, Enterolobium contortisiliquum em 65%, Pteridium aquilium em 57%, Brachiaria radicans em 50%, Lantana camara em 47%, Senna occidentalis em 40%, Ricinus communis em 33%, Manihot esculenta em 33%, Ipomea carnea em 20%, Ipomoea asarifolia em17%, Palicourea juruana em 17%, Crotalaria sp. em 16% e Arrabidaea bilabiata em 6%. Três outras plantas foram mencionadas como suspeitas de serem tóxicas sendo confirmada a toxicidade de Amorimia sepium, para bovinos e ovinos, que estava presente em 32% das propriedades. Trinta e quatro produtores relataram casos de intoxicação por uma ou mais plantas comprovadamente tóxicas como: Palicourea marcgravii (12 surtos), Palicourea grandiflora (7 surtos), Palicourea juruana (2 surtos), Brachiaria radicans (2 surtos), Enterolobium contortisiliquum (7 surtos), Brachiaria brizantha (2 surtos) e Manihot esculenta (2 surtos). Em ovinos foram relatados dois surtos de fotossensiblização por Brachiaria decumbens e um surto de mortalidade por Palicourea grandiflora. Dos 34 surtos relatados pelos entrevistados, 374 (8,9%) bovinos foram afetados e 311 (7,4%) morreram de um total de 4.192 bovinos de ambos os sexos sob risco. Em ovinos os três surtos de intoxicação relatados afetaram 28 animais dos quais 20 morreram de um total de 250 sob risco. Casos de cólica em equídeos que pastavam variedades de Panicum maximum (Massai, Tanzânia e Mombaça) durante o período das chuvas foram, também, observados. Foram realizados experimentos de reprodução experimental com Enterolobium, Amorimia sepium e Panicum maximum. Os resultados do presente trabalho demonstraram que várias plantas tóxicas ocorrem na região central do Estado de Rondônia causando surtos de mortalidade em ruminantes e equídeos. Verificou-se que Amorimia sepium, que não havia sido, ainda, identificada como tóxica é uma importante causa de morte súbita em ovinos e bovinos, comprovada por reprodução experimental. O número de plantas tóxicas com a confirmação de ocorrência de surtos com mortalidade na região passou de um para nove, o que confirma que um trabalho sistemático de investigação nesta área é necessário para o real conhecimento da importância das intoxicações por plantas na região.

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Totin, Elissa Jayne. "The poisonous plants of Georgia an interactive website /." 2002. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/totin%5Felissa%5Fj%5F200212%5Fms.

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Steenkamp, P. A. "Chemical analysis of medicinal and poisonous plants of forensic importance in South Africa." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12377.

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Ph.D. (Chemistry)
The Forensic Chemistry Laboratory of Johannesburg (FCL JHB) is tasked with the chemical analysis of a variety of samples to assist in determining the cause of death where unnatural cause is suspected. Some of the samples submitted to the laboratory have a herbal or muti connotation, but a large portion of these cases turn out to have no herbal components present as only pharmaceutical or agricultural products are detected in these samples. This study combined, for the first time, forensic investigation, chemistry and botany to create a unique platform needed for the identification of poisonous plants and their components in forensic exhibits and viscera. The research was focussed on the poisonous plants previously detected at the laboratory, as well as the requests received for the analysis of muti/toxic plant components. The selection of plants included Nicotiana glauca, Datura stramonium / Datura ferox, Callilepis laureola, Boophone disticha / Ammocharis coranica, Abrus precatorius, Ricinus communis, Nerium oleander / Thevetia peruviana and Bowiea volubilis. All these species are known to have caused fatalities, hence their choice. Nicotiana glauca has been implicated in the deaths of at least 15 people since 2001. It was previously detected by GC-MS (EI) in plant exhibits, but could not be detected in a viscera matrix. A selective extraction method for alkaloids was used to extract botanical and viscera samples. Anabasine was successfully detected on the HPLC-MS (EI) system but this detection technique was not considered sensitive enough. A very sensitive HPLC-MS method was developed on the ZMD detector by using electrospray technology. This method outperformed both electron impact detectors (GC and HPLC) and could detect 1ng/ml anabasine with relative ease in full scan mode. Datura stramonium and D. ferox have not been previously positively linked to any human poisoning or death due to exposure to botanically derived products at the FCL JHB. Atropine and scopolamine were successfully ionised in ESI positive mode and could be detected at 10 pg/ml and 100 pg/ml level respectively. The identities of the compounds were confirmed by characteristic ISCID fragmentation patterns. The developed method was successfully applied to a suspected heart attack case. The results proved conclusively that the deceased was given D. ferox seeds as part of his meal and an overdose of atropine and scopolamine contributed to his death...

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Steenkamp, P. A. "Chemical analysis of medicinal and poisonous plants of forensic importance in South Africa." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/425.

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The Forensic Chemistry Laboratory of Johannesburg (FCL JHB) is tasked with the chemical analysis of a variety of samples to assist in determining the cause of death where unnatural cause is suspected. Some of the samples submitted to the laboratory have a herbal or muti connotation, but a large portion of these cases turn out to have no herbal components present as only pharmaceutical or agricultural products are detected in these samples. This study combined, for the first time, forensic investigation, chemistry and botany to create a unique platform needed for the identification of poisonous plants and their components in forensic exhibits and viscera. The research was focussed on the poisonous plants previously detected at the laboratory, as well as the requests received for the analysis of muti/toxic plant components. The selection of plants included Nicotiana glauca, Datura stramonium / Datura ferox, Callilepis laureola, Boophone disticha / Ammocharis coranica, Abrus precatorius, Ricinus communis, Nerium oleander / Thevetia peruviana and Bowiea volubilis. All these species are known to have caused fatalities, hence their choice. Nicotiana glauca has been implicated in the deaths of at least 15 people since 2001. It was previously detected by GC-MS (EI) in plant exhibits, but could not be detected in a viscera matrix. A selective extraction method for alkaloids was used to extract botanical and viscera samples. Anabasine was successfully detected on the HPLC-MS (EI) system but this detection technique was not considered sensitive enough. A very sensitive HPLC-MS method was developed on the ZMD detector by using electrospray technology. This method outperformed both electron impact detectors (GC and HPLC) and could detect 1ng/ml anabasine with relative ease in full scan mode. Datura stramonium and D. ferox have not been previously positively linked to any human poisoning or death due to exposure to botanically derived products at the FCL JHB. Atropine and scopolamine were successfully ionised in ESI positive mode and could be detected at 10 pg/ml and 100 pg/ml level respectively. The identities of the compounds were confirmed by characteristic ISCID fragmentation patterns. The developed method was successfully applied to a suspected heart attack case. The results proved conclusively that the deceased was given D. ferox seeds as part of his meal and an overdose of atropine and scopolamine contributed to his death. Callilepis laureola is reputed to be one of the more commonly used medicinal plants in South Africa, and although its use has been indicated by the specific mention of a possible nephrotoxin and/or hepatotoxin as causative agent, it has not been detected in any of the forensic chemistry laboratories in South Africa. This was mainly due to the absence of a reliable method for the analysis of the main toxic component of C. laureola, atractyloside, by mass spectrometry. A sensitive and very selective HPLC-ESI-MS method was developed that could detect atractyloside, carboxyatractyloside and their monodesulfated analogues in botanical and viscera matrices. The method was successfully applied to a variety of forensic samples and proved that C. laureola may play an important role in herbal poisonings. In a selection of suspected herbal poisonings where the cause of poisoning was unknown, 30% of the samples tested positive for the presence of atractyloside, carboxyatractyloside or their monodesulfated analogues. The bulbs of Boophone disticha are rich in isoquinoline alkaloids and some of the alkaloids were detected by GC-EI-MS and LC-EI-MS, but the detection of these alkaloids in viscera samples was not successful. A routine method used for the screening for drugs of abuse in forensic samples, were successfully used for the analysis of the bulb extracts of B. disticha and the bulb scales of A. coranica. The chromatographic profile of these two plants appeared very similar at a first glance, but a closer evaluation of the mass spectra highlighted significant differences between the two plants. Six alkaloids from B. disticha were isolated and characterised by LC-MS and NMR and these compounds were detected in suspected herbal poisoning cases. It has been shown that B. disticha is one of the commonly used plants to “clean the system” but frequently results in the death of the patient. Abrus precatorius contains one of the most toxic compounds known to mankind, namely abrin that collectively refers to a group of glycoproteins. The seeds of A. precatorius also contain two indole alkaloids, abrine and hypaphorine. The two alkaloids were fractionated and characterised by LC-MS and NMR. Due to the fact that the instrumentation of the FCL JHB is not suited to the detection of proteins, an LC-ESI-MS method was developed for the detection of the two alkaloids in plant and viscera matrix as markers for A. precatorius. The presence of these two alkaloids was indicated on the TMD system (EI spectra) in a suspected herbal poisoning case. The LC-ESI-MS method was applied to the analysis of the samples and the absence of abrine and hypaphorine were proven in the samples. Ricinus communis is similar to A. precatorius in that it also contains a group of extremely poisonous glycoproteins, collectively refered to as ricin. The analysis of R. communis seeds encountered the same problems as the analysis of A. precatorius seeds, and the analysis was again focused on the detection of the minor piperidine alkaloid ricinine. The LC-ESI-MS method developed for abrine was modified to detect ricinine and functioned well in botanical and viscera matrices. This method will enable the forensic analyst to detect ricinine in very low levels when the presence of ricinoleic acid in samples indicates the use of a R. communis-based product. Nerium oleander is a common decorative garden plant that is used medicinally. The plant is rich in cardenolides with oleandrin the main compound. A reversed-phase chromatographic method with ESI mass spectral detection was developed to separate and detect 11 cardiac glycosides. The compounds were adequately separated to allow unambiguous identification, and displayed very stable cationisation with sodium. An extraction method was developed to extract the cardiac glycosides from the leaves of N. oleander and Thevetia peruviana and was also evaluated in a viscera matrix. The extraction method functioned well and extracted a variety of compounds that produced unique chromatographic fingerprints, allowing for the easy differentiation between the two plants. The method is ideally suited for the detection of oleandrin in high concentrations (full scan mode), low concentrations (selected masses) or trace levels (SIM analysis of ion clusters). The method is able to distinguish between extracts derived from N. oleander and T. peruviana and was able to detect and confirm neriifolin, odoroside and neritaloside in N. oleander leaf extracts. Analysis of forensic case exhibits were also successfully done with this method and performed well with liquid and solid matrices. With the new method oleandrin could be detected at trace levels in viscera samples that did not produce positive results in the past. Bowiea volubilis is widely used as a medicinal plant, but is also an extremely toxic plant. It is freely available at traditional healer markets, and is one of the most highly traded plants on the Durban market. Despite the high usage of the plant, it has not been detected by any of the forensic laboratories in South Africa. Bovoside A, a bufadienolide, is reported to be the main cardiac glycoside in the bulb of B. volubilis. The cardiac glycoside method was successfully applied to the analysis of the bulb extract of B. volubilis and bovoside A was identified as the main bufadienolide present in the bulb. Bovoside A was fractionated and characterised by LC-MS. Four extracts of botanical origin could be successfully distinguished from each other by monitoring the main masses of bovoside A, oleandrin and thevetin A and thevetin B. These marker compounds were well separated from each other and made the identification of the botanical extracts quite easy, and the identity of each extract was confirmed by the mass spectrum of each peak.
Prof. F.R van Heerden

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Lai, Kuan-Yu, and 賴冠宇. "An action research of the instruction about campus poisonous plants using group E-touch Education System." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n8z9bv.

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碩士
國立東華大學
課程設計與潛能開發學系
100
This research developed a “group E-touch Education System” to implement a game-based learning and assessment. The aim of this research is to help students to conduct the cooperative learning in the “group E-touch Education System” platform. In addition to learning about poisonous plants and practicing the information technology operation skills, students also learned how to cooperate and discuss with one another during the learning processes. 　　The researcher collected the toxicity and characteristics of the seventeen poisonous plants on campus in the case elementary school, and then designed, developed and implemented the poisonous plants course from the perspective of digitalization assisted game learning. Additionally, the design and setup of the “group E-Touch education system” were explored. Further, the students’ learning effectiveness and the impact of the teachers’ professional growth had been explored via the action research. 　　Through the “group E-Touch education system”, the students rated positively about their group cooperative learning. Based on the survey developed by the researcher, the satisfaction were over 90%. The average score of students’ knowledge related to poisonous plant was 77.27. Students helped, encouraged and urged one another to review and learn better. Furthermore, the teachers achieved significant professional growth in terms of their knowledge of poisonous plants and teaching competencies.

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Nair, Jerald James. "Toxic compounds in cycads." Thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5402.

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The present-day cycads comprise the diverse, modified, remnants of a much larger group of gymnosperms which flourished in the Mezozoic era. The systematic position that the cycads occupy in the botanical hierarchy is significant in that they represent relatively unchanged survivors from prehistory. The present global complement of 182 species occur in tropical and mild temperate regions in both hemispheres. Despite the density of proliferation of species, about one-half of the extant taxa are considered endangered, vulnerable or rare. Apart from characteristic features such as differences in growth forms, variation in reproductive structures and anatomical details, cycads are distinguished from all other plant groups by the unique phytotoxins, azoxyglycosides, which they possess. The toxicity of cycads is well-documented in cases which refer to both man and animals. Cycasin, which together with macrozamin represent the major azoxyglycosides occurring in cycads, has been reported to elicit responses similar to those that have been observed during carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and neurotoxicity assays. It has become apparent that the mechanism by which azoxyglycosides manifest their toxicity involves deglucosylation, by enzyme systems, which releases the aglycone, methylazoxymethanol (MAM), and sugar moieties. Metabolic activation of MAM succeeds deglucosylation to generate methylene carbene units (: CH2) which are capable of methylating macromolecules including DNA, RNA and protein. During this investigation, macrozamin was extracted from seed kernels of Encephalartos transvenosus and cycasin was tentatively identified in seed kernels of Cycas thouarsii . The hexa-acetate derivative of macrozamin was prepared whereas the tetra-acetate derivative of cycasin was not secured in a pure form. The spectroscopic techniques employed for identification include DV-absorption, infra-red and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, all of which are useful for detecting signals which arise as a result of the azoxy function. A kinetic study was carried out to determine the rate of hydrolysis of macrozamin with 4M sulphuric acid, and to allow calculation of the activation energy for the process. A comparison of the kinetic parameters determined for the above process with those derived for the hydrolysis of cycasin and methylazoxymethanol under similar conditions followed. The rates of hydrolysis increase in the order macrozamin, cycasin, methylazoxymethanol since the molecules contain two, one and zero glycosidic linkages respectively. Additional glycosidic bonds are observed to decrease the rate of reaction. Consequently, activation energies for hydrolysis of the above molecules decrease in the above-stated order. Macrozamin and cycasin were quantified in cycad material by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and by the chromotropic acid assay. The results of the quantitative analysis has highlighted certain limitations of the methods of detection, and has been found to be applicable to a taxonomic evaluation and a proposal for the biosynthesis of the azoxyglycosides.
Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1990.

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Hastie, Bruce Alan. "The use of aquatic plants in wastewater treatment : a literature review." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23804.

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CHIAN, WU SZ, and 吳似倩. "The Man Who Plants Literature---A Study on Yindi and His Essays." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38663011710663976051.

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碩士
國立新竹教育大學
人資處語文教學碩士班
98
Reading, discussing about, writing, editing, publishing, selling books has taken up a large part of Yindi’s life. Never stopped writing, Yindi has published more than thirty personal portfolio including fictions, essays, commentaries, short proses, travel notes and poetry. He is not only a writer and a publisher. Above all, he is an enthusiastic reader. His contribution to the literature world earns him an unshakable position in the literature society. He has an everlasting sense of mission to the survival and reservation of literature. He was never shy in providing guidance and help to junior writers. He is a literary man who dominates the literary society through decades of hard work. He is deemed as the gardener in the literature garden. His journey of cultivating the literature garden deserves our in-depth study. The research scope of this paper focuses on Yindi’s essays. Through his essays, the readers gain access to the author’s life. Following the footprint of his life track, we can experience his source of inspiration, his way of writing and his pick of style. In Chapter III, three major types of Yindi’s essays are discussed: Fictional essay, short essay and memorials essay. All the three types show evident features, revealing a rhythm of “content defines style” yet “styles counter effects on content.” Chapter IV studies the subject matter of Yindi’s essays, which reflects his sense of mission to his spiritual world, exploration of humanity and to the publishing business. Second, every writer must have has distinct writing style. Only through his style can the ultimate maturity of an author’s work be presented. The paper hereby analyzes the objective and subjective factors which form up Yindi’s style and classified his writing style into five categories: sincere, simple, natural, rational and humurous. At last, the paper concludes his critical position in the Taiwanese literature history. Yindi’s effort in fighting for the pure literature and the reservation of Taiwanese literature history for the past 50 years has left a indelible mark . He expects himself to be “The Man Who Plants Literature”. His contribution not only spread the fruits grown in the literature garden to the society, but also made him a respectable paragon in the literature and publishing world.

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Marečková, Michaela. "Obsahové látky v rostlinách čeledi lilkovitých (Solanaceae) s využitím ve výuce biologie." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-326369.

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The aim of the thesis titled "Substances contained in Plants of the Nightshade Family (Solanaceae) and their Usage in Biology Teaching" is to familiarize the reader with basic toxicological and pharmacological terms contained in the information on Nightshade plants (Solanaceae). Further it introduces Nightshade plants (Solanaceae) and their substances in more detail. It describes the use and abuse of these plants in poisoning, usage in traditional medicine, homeopathy and modern medicine. It outlines the history of the use and especially abuse of plants containing alkaloids. It also describes options for didactic use through laboratory work and assesses and compares the quality of information available in the literature for high school students. Information contained in this work can be practically used in teaching subjects such as toxicology, pharmacology and pharmacognosy at secondary schools with focus on the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. Key terms: Content Substances, Plant Alkaloids, Poisonous Plants, The Use and Abuse of Solanaceous Plants.

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Chen, Yi-Zhen, and 陳頤真. "JiangNan Literature over Six Dynasties-particular emphasis on plants, landscapes and Spirits in works." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87891670438185777572.

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碩士
淡江大學
中國文學系碩士班
94
The word “Jiangnan” first appears in Chinese literature in the line “My spirit returns to grieve over Jiangnan” in the poem “Beckoning the Soul” But what geographical region, literary meaning, and authorial sentiment does this term connote? This thesis undertakes to resolve these questions. The first two chapters approach the issue from a historical angle; the following three chapters endeavor to solve the question by examining plants, scenery, and the return of the soul. Chapter one explores Jiangnan as it is described in local gazetteers from the early Six Dynasties period. By examining the geography, climate, illnesses, and customs of this region, I offer a systematic analysis, grounded in physical data, that explains the impressions Jiangnan had of this region. These impressions are discernable in the literature of the Six Dynasties. Chapter two, focusing on the history of the Eastern Jin, Liu Song, Xiaoqi and Liang dynasties, interrogates the impact of history on the literature of this period. Social unrest led the court to endorse popular song and this indirectly influenced the production of poetry with five characters to a line (wu yan poetry). Additionally, as the seat of government moved from place to place, the migration rate of literati also rose. This directly caused landscape poetry to flourish. Chapter three returns from history to literature and examines the origins of “Jiangnan” in literature going all the way back to Qu Yuan. Here we discover that the literary images of Jiangnan differ significantly from the historical and social constructs of the region (examined in chapters one and two). Literary representations of Jiangnan tend to be linked with spirituality; they depend on depictions of local flora that relate symbolically ethical enlightenment. Chapter four revolves around the wu yan (five character line) landscape poetry of Xie Lingyun, Jiang Yan, and Xie Tiao and compares these poems with Zuo Si’s “Fu on the Capital of Wu” Here, from the perspective both of historical evidence and of personal experience, we explore what happens when subjective landscape poetry is matched with personal life experience. We find that the geography before the poet’s eyes takes on the unique character of the author’s life journey. Chapter five interprets the bodily and psychological trauma caused by the political separation of North and South China. Through the lens of poems by three late Liang dynasty poets, Shen Jiong, Yu Xin,and Yan Zhitui, this chapter focuses on the themes of the immortality of the soul, memory, and the self, and permits an inside view of the mutual influences across geographic regions, North and South. It shows that the three poems analyzed, Shen Jiong’s “Rhapsody on the Return of the Soul,” Yu Xin’s “Rhapsody of Mourning for Jiangnan,” and Yan Zhitui’s “Rhapsody Observing my Life,” either manifest Qu Yuan-style laments over “Jiangnan” or actually add to the social upheaval prevalent during this time, unrest that even Qu Yuan did not experience.

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Carey, Daniel. "From the plane tree to the gardens of Adonis : plant and garden imagery in Plato’s Phaedrus." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:60595.

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Since at least the time the Akkadian version of The Epic of Gilgamesh was preserved in clay tablets nearly four thousand years ago, human beings have weaved plants and gardens into their stories. The way they appear in myth and literature is often as diverse as it is fascinating: they might figure as settings, metaphors, analogies, or be imbued with symbolism. This particular treatment of plants and gardens is not limited to myth and literature though. In a number of Plato’s dialogues he utilises them in a similar way. This essay sets out to think about the plant and garden images in one of Plato’s dialogues; more specifically, the Phaedrus. It seeks to address the following question: what might the plant and garden images in the dialogue mean, and how are we to understand them in relation to the text? We will come to see that during the classical period the plants and gardens mentioned in the dialogue were associated with love, madness, chastity, sterility, death, and more; in short, the whole gamut of themes taken up in the Phaedrus. Since many of these vegetal images appear in the text as part of the dialogue’s setting, this means that as Phaedrus and Socrates converse with one another, they do so surrounded by images of the very things they discuss. We will also discover that the setting of the dialogue seems to influence both the flow of conversation and the language that Socrates uses. It would seem that there is more to the plant and garden imagery in the dialogue than first meets the eye.

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(12790502), Brett A. Lambert. "Methods for reducing Pimelea poisoning of cattle." Thesis, 1996. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Methods_for_reducing_Pimelea_poisoning_of_cattle/20001734.

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Poisoning of cattle by plants of the Pimelea species incurs heavy losses to individual producers in regions of South West Queensland, North Western New South Wales, South Australia, and the Northern Territory. Due to the vast

areas of affected land, control of the plant is perceived as non -viable. Therefore, the aim of this study has been to contribute to the development of methods to reduce the losses caused by the condition from an animal health

perspective.

Immunisation with conjugates of a purified mixture of Pimelea toxins and ovalbumin with varying inclusion ratios has resulted in the production of bovine serum IgG antibodies, which attenuate the effect of purified Pimelea

toxins on bovine pulmonary venule preparations in vitro. Cattle immunised with a vaccine batched from two conjugates from experimental studies have been shown to develop toxin specific antibody responses while affected and unaffected by poisoning at the time of immunisation. Experiments to evaluate the protective attributes of the vaccine under field conditions have produced consistent, yet non -significant results regarding liveweight and condition

scores of vaccinated animals. Therefore, no immediate conclusions can be drawn regarding the protective properties of the experimental vaccine without futrther investigation.

Investigation of a structure -activity relationship of the Pimelea toxins has resulted in new knowledge regarding key functional requirements for binding to and activation of protein kinase C (PKC). A structural variant of simplexin

was found not to activate PKC in vitro, therefore the conversion of simplexin to this compound in the rumen of cattle would provide a means of reducing the impact caused by Pimelea poisoning. It was found that hydroxyl groups at the 4- and 5- positions of simplexin were essential for PKC binding. Carbonyl functionality at position 3- of simplexin, although significant for PKC binding, was shown to be more related to the activation properties of the resulting complex. The alteration of hydroxyl functionality at the 20- position of

mezerein (a selected reference compound) was shown not to significantly alter binding, however no conclusion can be drawn regarding the importance of this functionality of simplexin.

Derivatisation of Pimelea toxin for assay by gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was found not to be feasible.

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Bodirwa, Kgashane Bethuel. "The use of computer simulations on grade eleven learners' performance in plants biodiversity, Mankweng Circuit." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3334.

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Thesis (M. Ed. (Science Education)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020
Learners’ performance largely depends on the pedagogy used. This study explored the use of Computer Simulations (CS) to teach plants biodiversity to grade eleven learners Mankweng Circuit. A randomised Solomon Four-Group design was used. Sixty-six learners from two schools equipped with computers were randomly assigned to the Experimental Group (EG), and 66 learners from two other schools without computers were the Control Group (CG). A performance pre- and post-test was used to the EG taught using CS and to the CG taught using Chalk-and-Talk Method (CTM). Also, Focus Group Discussion Interviews (FGDI) were conducted with 12 learners: six from each of the EG and the CG to collect information regarding their attitudes towards the methods used to learn biodiversity. The quantitative data were analysed using a T-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), while the qualitative data were analysed thematically. The results show that the learners in the EG performed better than those in the CG (T-test; p < 0.05), (ANOVA; p < 0.05). Hypothesis one which states that learners in the EG who were taught using CS will perform better than those in the CG taught using CTM is accepted. Also, hypothesis two, which states that learners’ performance in the pretest will not vary in the EG and the CG is accepted. Also, hypothesis three which states that there will be no statistically significant differences in achievements between boys and girls in the EG is established. Thus, the CS method is a useful tool to enhance learners’ performance. Keywords: Computer simulations, PCK, TPACK, Quasi-experiment, Solomon four group design, Learner’s performance

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