Academic literature on the topic 'Poisoning, Biological Marker'
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Journal articles on the topic "Poisoning, Biological Marker"
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Oliverio, S., and V. Varlet. "Total Blood Carbon Monoxide: Alternative to Carboxyhemoglobin as Biological Marker for Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Determination." Journal of Analytical Toxicology 43, no. 2 (October 29, 2018): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/bky084.
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Setiawan, Fery, Arif Rahman Nurdianto, Heribertus Agustinus B. Tena, Ahmad Yudianto, Jenny Sunariani, Achmad Basori, and Acrivida Mega Charisma. "Molecular Toxicology of Organophosphate Poisoning." Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran Wijaya Kusuma 11, no. 1 (April 12, 2022): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/jikw.v11i1.1596.
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The use of organophosphates (pesticides and other compounds to eradicate pests), currently, to increase the fulfillment of the population's consumption needs has a double-edged sword effect, on the one hand it can increase the need for food to be consumed by the population. The negative effect that can arise is the safety of organophosphate drugs which can contaminate the soil and water sources around the place where organophosphate drugs are used. The negative effects of organophosphates are associated with the effects of xenobiotics on humans who consume them. Xenobiotics are associated with toxicdynamic effects where organophosphates cause irreversible inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (ACh). ACh is one of the main enzymes in the nervous system that terminates impulse conduction through the hydrolysis process of acetylcholine enzymes. Acetylcholinesterase is a specific molecular target of organophosphate pesticides. The inhibition of the Ach enzyme causes the inhibition of the acetylcholine enzyme which is normally always hydrolyzed by the Ach enzyme and is a specific biological marker of pesticide poisoning. Inhibition of ACh will cause the accumulation of the enzyme acetylcholine, resulting in negative effects of organophosphate poisoning which can lead to death. In this paper, the authors collect from various sources related to the study of molecular toxicology toxidynamic effects of drug safety and organophosphate poisoning. The results of this review article show that organophosphate poisoning is associated with irreversible inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme which results in death in the individual concerned.
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Ptaszyńska-Sarosiek, Iwona, Sylwia Chojnowska, Sławomir Dariusz Szajda, Michał Szeremeta, Zofia Wardaszka, Urszula Cwalina, Anna Niemcunowicz-Janica, and Napoleon Waszkiewicz. "The Activity of N-acetyl-β-hexosaminidase in the Blood, Urine, Cerebrospinal Fluid and Vitreous Humor Died People Due to Alcohol Intoxication." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): 3636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9113636.
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Background: The article aimed to assess the activity of the hexosaminidase (HEX) and its HEX A and HEX B isoenzymes in persons who suddenly died due to ethanol poisoning and explain the cause of their death. Methods: The research involved two groups of the deceased group A—22 people (20 males, 2 females; the average age 46 years) who died due to alcohol intoxication (with the blood alcohol content of 4‰ and above in all biological materials at the time of death—blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and vitreous humor), and group B—30 people (22 males, 8 females; the average age 54 years), who died suddenly due to other reasons than alcohol. Results: The highest activity of the HEX was found in the serum of A and B groups. A significantly lower activity of HEX, HEX A, and HEX B was observed in the urine of group A in comparison to the sober decedents. Conclusion: The lower activity of HEX and its isoenzymes in the dead’s urine due to ethanol poisoning may suggest its usefulness as a potential marker of harmful alcohol drinking. Damage done to the kidneys by ethanol poisoning may be one of the possible mechanisms leading to death. Kidneys may be damaged intravitally via the inflammatory agent. Thus, it is necessary to conduct further research to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of exoglycosidases while determining the death mechanisms of people who lost their lives due to ethanol poisoning.
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Hall, Michael W., Robin R. Rohwer, Jonathan Perrie, Katherine D. McMahon, and Robert G. Beiko. "Ananke: temporal clustering reveals ecological dynamics of microbial communities." PeerJ 5 (September 26, 2017): e3812. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3812.
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Taxonomic markers such as the 16S ribosomal RNA gene are widely used in microbial community analysis. A common first step in marker-gene analysis is grouping genes into clusters to reduce data sets to a more manageable size and potentially mitigate the effects of sequencing error. Instead of clustering based on sequence identity, marker-gene data sets collected over time can be clustered based on temporal correlation to reveal ecologically meaningful associations. We present Ananke, a free and open-source algorithm and software package that complements existing sequence-identity-based clustering approaches by clustering marker-gene data based on time-series profiles and provides interactive visualization of clusters, including highlighting of internal OTU inconsistencies. Ananke is able to cluster distinct temporal patterns from simulations of multiple ecological patterns, such as periodic seasonal dynamics and organism appearances/disappearances. We apply our algorithm to two longitudinal marker gene data sets: faecal communities from the human gut of an individual sampled over one year, and communities from a freshwater lake sampled over eleven years. Within the gut, the segregation of the bacterial community around a food-poisoning event was immediately clear. In the freshwater lake, we found that high sequence identity between marker genes does not guarantee similar temporal dynamics, and Ananke time-series clusters revealed patterns obscured by clustering based on sequence identity or taxonomy. Ananke is free and open-source software available at https://github.com/beiko-lab/ananke.
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Motterlini, Roberto, and Roberta Foresti. "Biological signaling by carbon monoxide and carbon monoxide-releasing molecules." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 312, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): C302—C313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00360.2016.
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Carbon monoxide (CO) is continuously produced in mammalian cells during the degradation of heme. It is a stable gaseous molecule that reacts selectively with transition metals in a specific redox state, and these characteristics restrict the interaction of CO with defined biological targets that transduce its signaling activity. Because of the high affinity of CO for ferrous heme, these targets can be grouped into heme-containing proteins, representing a large variety of sensors and enzymes with a series of diverse function in the cell and the organism. Despite this notion, progress in identifying which of these targets are selective for CO has been slow and even the significance of elevated carbonmonoxy hemoglobin, a classical marker used to diagnose CO poisoning, is not well understood. This is also due to the lack of technologies capable of assessing in a comprehensive fashion the distribution and local levels of CO between the blood circulation, the tissue, and the mitochondria, one of the cellular compartments where CO exerts its signaling or detrimental effects. Nevertheless, the use of CO gas and CO-releasing molecules as pharmacological approaches in models of disease has provided new important information about the signaling properties of CO. In this review we will analyze the most salient effects of CO in biology and discuss how the binding of CO with key ferrous hemoproteins serves as a posttranslational modification that regulates important processes as diverse as aerobic metabolism, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial bioenergetics.
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Lionetto, Maria Giulia, Roberto Caricato, Antonio Calisi, Maria Elena Giordano, and Trifone Schettino. "Acetylcholinesterase as a Biomarker in Environmental and Occupational Medicine: New Insights and Future Perspectives." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/321213.
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Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a key enzyme in the nervous system. It terminates nerve impulses by catalysing the hydrolysis of neurotransmitter acetylcholine. As a specific molecular target of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides, acetylcholinesterase activity and its inhibition has been early recognized to be a human biological marker of pesticide poisoning. Measurement of AChE inhibition has been increasingly used in the last two decades as a biomarker of effect on nervous system following exposure to organophosphate and carbamate pesticides in occupational and environmental medicine. The success of this biomarker arises from the fact that it meets a number of characteristics necessary for the successful application of a biological response as biomarker in human biomonitoring: the response is easy to measure, it shows a dose-dependent behavior to pollutant exposure, it is sensitive, and it exhibits a link to health adverse effects. The aim of this work is to review and discuss the recent findings about acetylcholinesterase, including its sensitivity to other pollutants and the expression of different splice variants. These insights open new perspective for the future use of this biomarker in environmental and occupational human health monitoring.
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Choubisa, Shanti Lal, and Anurag Choubisa. "A Brief Review of Ideal Bio-Indicators, Bio-Markers and Determinants of Endemic of Fluoride and Fluorosis." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2, no. 10 (October 2021): 920–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1332.
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Fluorosis in man and animals is the resultant of chronic exposure of Fluoride (F) for prolonged period through F contaminated drinking water and foods and industrial F pollution. However, fluoridated water and industrial F emissions are the major sources of F exposure for humans and domestic animals. Chronic F exposure not only deteriorate the health of human beings and animals but also causes diverse adverse toxic effects on hard (teeth and bones) and soft (organs) tissues. Various F induced pathological changes in teeth and bones are known as dental and skeletal fluorosis, respectively. However, skeletal fluorosis is more dangerous and highly significant since it diminishes the mobility at a very early age and develops crippling or lameness bone deformity. Thousands of people and domestic animals are suffering with fluorosis worldwide. Dental fluorosis is rampant and the commonest form of chronic F toxicosis and appears in subjects of almost all age groups. However, children and bovine calves are relatively more sensitive and highly susceptible to F toxicosis and revealed the earliest clinical sign of chronic F poisoning in the form of dental fluorosis. Hence, these are ideal bio-indicators for chronic F intoxication or fluorosis. Nevertheless, the magnitude or severity of fluorosis is much more depending on the density and rate of bio-accumulation of F. Biological samples, milk, urine, blood serum, teeth, nails, etc. are better bio-markers for F intoxication. However, urine F concentration is the best bio-marker for endemic of F and fluorosis. In this communication, ideal bio-indicators and bio-markers for endemic of F and fluorosis and diverse potential determinants influencing the severity of F toxicity (fluorosis) are considered and briefly and critically reviewed. Findings of this review are useful in making and implementation of health policy and the commencement of mitigation and control of fluorosis programme in F endemic areas where it is problematic for human and animal health.
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Golovko, A. I., M. B. Ivanov, V. L. Rejniuk, Yu Yu Ivnitsky, V. A. Barinov, and V. K. Borodavko. "TOXICOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF DESIGNER DRUGS FROM THE GROUP OF SYNTHETIC OPIOIDS." Toxicological Review, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922-2019-1-3-11.
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Toxicological characteristic of designer drugs from the group of synthetic opioids is presented. The historical aspects of illicit drug trafficking are considered. In the illicit drug market of EU countries 38 synthetic opioids, 22 of them belonging to fentanyl derivatives, have been revealed for the period 2005-2017. The widespread use of synthetic opioids among drug addicts has been accompanied by an increase in the number of fatal overdoses. In the United States the number of fatal poisonings by synthetic opioids of fentanyl series increased by 40.3 times between 1999 and 2017. The similar situation is emerging in other countries. This is due to the fact that the biological activity and toxicity of synthetic opioids far exceed those of morphine and heroin. The differences between the metabolism of heroin and synthetic opioids are considered. Data on the toxicity of synthetic opioids are presented. The neurotransmitter mechanisms of their respiratory depression, including disorders of opioid, GABAergic, glutamatergic and serotoninergic neurotransmitter systems are discussed. A brief description of the antidote activity of opioid receptor antagonists in acute poisoning by synthetic opioids is given.
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Sivak, K. V., T. N. Savateeva-Lyubimova, T. A. Gus’kova, G. N. Kul’bitzkiy, and M. L. Alexandrova. "BIOLOGICAL MARKERS AND MORPHOGENESIS OF ACUTE RENAL INJURY IN RAT DICHLOROETHANE POISONING." Toxicological Review, no. 1 (February 24, 2020): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922-2020-1-20-26.
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The article presents the results of an experimental study on rat poisoning with 1,2-dichloroethane (250 µl / kg, intragastric administration). The aim of this work was to find the relationship between biological markers and morphological changes in acute damage to rat kidneys with dichloroethane. The study of urine samples of experimental animals by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) revealed 1,2-dichloroethane in the concentration range of 0,05 – 0,90 µg / ml (95% C.I. = 0,09 – 0,90 µg / ml). Daily excretion with urine was 0,60 – 4,50 µg / 16h (95% C.I. = 1,14 – 3,93 µg / ml). Levels of nephron-specific biomarkers in urine were 194,62 ± 9,02 IU / L (NAGase, p = 0,0022) and 2,93 ± 0,38 ng / ml (KIM-1, p = 0,0022), which exceeded those in the control group by 5 and 23 times, respectively. Edema, disorders of intrarenal hemodynamics, leukocyte migration in interstitium, uneven damage to various areas of the kidneys due to adipose dystrophy and necrobiotic changes in the nephrothelium of the proximal tubules mainly in the cortical layer of the kidneys have developed in the kidneys. Positive correlations between the level of 1,2-dichloroethane in the urine and the level of KIM-1 (Spearman r = 0,7427, 95% C.I. 0,2764 – 0,9260, p = 0,0083), -N-acetylglucosaminidase (Spearman r = 0,8248, 95% C.I. 0,4613 – 0,9512, p = 0,0019), the scores on the EGTI scale (Spearman r = 0,8064, 95% C.I. 0,7126 – 0,8719, p < 0.0001); the level of KIM-1 and the scores on the EGTI scale (Spearman r = 0,7427, 95% C.I. 0,2764 – 0,9260, p = 0.0083), -N-acetylglucosaminidase and the scores on the EGTI scale (Spearman R = 0,4684, 95% C.I. 0,2764 – 0,6244, p < 0,0001), the level of the low and medium molecular weight substances in the blood and the scores on the EGTI scale (Spearman R = 0,6909, 95% C.I. 0,5549 – 0,7909, p < 0,0001) were found.
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Khokhar, Javed Iqbal, Muhammad Ikram Ali, Rizwana Hussain, Sadaf ,. Nadir, Tufail Ahmed Soomro, and Arslan Shuja. "The Assessment of Forensic Disguising Markers for Food Poisoning and their Control Measures. A Health Awareness Study." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 5 (May 30, 2022): 1203–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221651203.
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Aims and objectives: To uncover the disguising markers of food poising and their Control Measures to spread public awareness for betterment of human health through forensic applications. Materials and Methods: Study design: Present study was conducted from December 2021to June 2022 in Lahore. Sample size and collections: Various food samples were collected from 10 different restaurants. 5 different food products were collected from each restaurant for analysis of biological markers while non-biological markers were observed on the location at a data collection Performa. Chemical analysis: In case of food poising the forensic chemical analysis are based on biochemical and physiological tests such as bacterial Count in collected food samples through plate count method and spectrophotometric (turbid metric) analysis. Determined Parameters: In this study both biological parameters, such as bacterial Count and non-biological parameters like, hygiene, quality of water, utensils quality, cooking style and cooking environment were considered. Results presentations: Raw data of each parameter was represented bio-statistically with the applications of SPSS in which regressions of standard mean deviation and significant (P<0.05) were considered comparatively. Results: It has seen that mostly all food samples taken from different restaurants have bacterial flora. These bacterial count may be so harmful for human life. It was concluded by considering non-biological parameters that the hygienic conditions, cooking place and way of cooking were not according to the standard health levels recommended by food authority. Especially quality of raw material and utensils were not standardized. All the results were significant as compared with the given standard levels of each parameter. A remarkable changes were noted in different parameters regarding food quality for further elaboration results are represented graphically in fig-1. Conclusion: Infectious organisms including bacteria, viruses and parasites or their toxins are the most common causes of food poisoning. Infectious organisms or their toxins can contaminate food at any point of processing or production. Contamination can also occur at home if food is incorrectly handled or cooked. Keywords: Bacteria, Viruses, Parasites, Contamination, Food Poisoning.
Books on the topic "Poisoning, Biological Marker"
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A, Saleh Mahmoud, Blancato Jerry N, Nauman C. H, American Chemical Society. Division of Agrochemicals., and American Chemical Society Meeting, eds. Biomarkers of human exposure to pesticides: Developed from a symposium sponsored by the Division of Agrochemicals at the 204th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, August 23-28, 1992. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Poisoning, Biological Marker"
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Kelly, Alan. "From Napoleon to NASA." In Molecules, Microbes, and Meals. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687694.003.0013.
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One term that has acquired a particular air of consumer suspicion in recent years is “processed food. ” Processing is seen as being something that is used to make food less fresh, less natural, and so more suspicious. However, even though we say we don’t want processed food, every food product, before it gets to your mouth, has been subjected to some form of processing and treatment that has a scientific basis. Even washing an apple, chilling sushi, or peeling a banana are forms of food processing, while the bag of salad we buy in a shop or market isn’t full of air as we might expect. All of these phenomena I will discuss in coming chapters. Before dealing with the science of food processing, it is worth discussing what exactly that highly loaded term means. To a food scientist (well, me anyway), food processing means subjecting foods or raw materials to external forces designed to cause a desirable change in the food, typically in terms of its safety and stability, and also in many cases its flavor, texture, and color. In many cases, the primary target of food processing is the resident population of contaminating microorganisms that, if not dealt with, might otherwise cause the food to spoil, or else spoil the day of consumers who finds themselves with a range of symptoms of food poisoning, up to the most lethal. The force most commonly applied in processing is temperature, whether low (refrigeration), very low (freezing), high (for example, pasteurization or cooking), or very high (canning or sterilization). Temperature is indeed probably the key physical variable of significance to food, as almost everything that happens in and to food is influenced by temperature, and most changes take place optimally in a relatively narrow band around body temperature (37 °C). If temperature is pictured as a line scale, the zone of greatest danger and likelihood is centered around that point, but food processors look far below and above that zone and have come to understand how we can work around the optimum temperatures for various reactions and biological changes in order to make our food safer and more stable.