Relevant bibliographies by topics / POINTS OF PRODUCTION

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'POINTS OF PRODUCTION'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "POINTS OF PRODUCTION"

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KEMP, MURRAY C., NGO van LONG, and MAKOTO TAWADA. "SHARP POINTS IN PRODUCTION SURFACES." Oxford Economic Papers 37, no. 3 (September 1985): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.oep.a041697.

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Mascolo, Massimo, and Claudio Napoli. "Turning Points, from writing to post-production." Journal of Italian Cinema & Media Studies 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jicms.3.1-2.235_7.

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Arnold, Bernhard F. "The inspection points of a production line." Statistics 23, no. 4 (January 1992): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02331889208802381.

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Vigliocco, Gabriella, and Marco Zorzi. "Contact points between lexical retrieval and sentence production." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, no. 1 (February 1999): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x99421776.

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Jelkmann, W. "Recombinant EPO production points the nephrologist should know." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 22, no. 10 (July 7, 2007): 2749–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfm392.

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GOLENKO-GINZBURG, DMITRI I., and ZILLA SINUANY-STERN. "Production control with variable speeds and inspection points." International Journal of Production Research 27, no. 4 (April 1989): 629–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207548908942573.

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Pexa, M., and K. Kubín. "Effect of rapeseed methyl ester on emission production." Research in Agricultural Engineering 60, No. 1 (March 27, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/71/2012-rae.

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This paper describes the effect of a mixture of rapeseed methyl ester and diesel oil on emission production of tractor engine. The hydraulic dynamometer was used to load the engine of Zetor Forterra 8641 tractor over rear power take-off. The measured tractor is almost new with less than 100 h worked. The measurements were realized for several ratios of diesel oil and rapeseed methyl ester (from pure diesel to pure rapeseed methyl ester). The engine was loaded by the dynamometer in several working points which were predefined by engine speed and its torque. The production of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>) and particulate matter (PM) were measured in each of these points. The comparison of different fuels was performed using the Non-Road Steady Cycle (NRSC) test procedure. Engine maps were also created for each emission component and for all of tested fuels. &nbsp; &nbsp;
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Zhdanova, L. L. "Debating Points in Production Theory and Accumulation of Capital." Zhurnal Economicheskoj Teorii 16, no. 1 (2019): 154–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31063/2073-6517/2019.16-1.14.

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Markkanen, Pia, and Charles Levenstein. "New Points of Production: Homework and Shoemaking in Asia." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 14, no. 4 (February 2005): 301–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/x28h-y3bn-xfhv-5j4e.

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Globalization—and the manner in which it has been governed during the last decade—has harmed various public policy infrastructures of developing nations, but especially those in health, social, and environmental sectors. The poorest population suffers the most severe consequences, as production takes place in the “informal” economy and in homes. Work safety and health in the informal economy has not gained the attention it warrants and requires, considering that this “sector” constitutes the majority of the world's labor force. The purpose of this article is twofold: (i) to describe the working environment in home-based shoemaking—based on Indonesian and Philippines experience by Markkanen [1]; and (ii) to examine the research framework proposed by Levenstein and Tuminaro in The Political Economy of Occupational Disease [2] and further developed in Wooding and Levenstein, The Point of Production, 1999 [3]. The field investigation by Markkanen employed this approach to explore how hazardous working conditions and inadequate health protection are the product of complex, converging relationships among diverse “actors” or agents at international, national, community, and shoe industry levels.
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Simões, Gilberto Henrique, Magali Soares dos Santos Pozza, Maximiliane Alavarse Zambom, Maichel Jhonattas Lange, and Marcelo Eduardo Neumann. "Dairy production system type and critical points of contamination." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 36, no. 6 (December 9, 2015): 3923. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n6p3923.

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Current milk production includes a large diversity between systems, which generates difficulties in defining a microbiological standard. The adapted practical and hygienic-sanitary management methods are diverse and introduce great complexity into the production systems. Based on this scenario, the objective of this study was to evaluate the types of dairy production systems of western Parana and to quantify Staphylococcus sp in three critical points in the dairy cattle production systems: the milking machines, milkers’ hands, the cooling tanks and raw milk. A total of 35 samples of refrigerated raw milk were collected, and a questionnaire referring to hygienic and sanitary management was administered. All of the data were collected during the period from September to October 2012 and involved 35 properties in the municipality of Marechal Cândido Rondon – PR. From these data, five groups were formed based on cluster analysis (CHA). The multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) presented in the first two dimensions, CP1 (81.43%) and CP2 (36.87%), showed the relevance of the variables used, which are sanitary and production management methods, and contamination and control of mastitis, respectively (CP1 and CP2). We found average contamination with 9.9 x 101 CFU/cm2, 2.2x104 CFU/cm2, 28 CFU/ cm2 and 3.8x103 CFU/mL; for milking machines, milkers’ hands, cooling tanks and milk, respectively. The results reveal the presence of staphylococcal agent in dairy production systems regardless of the adopted hygiene and health management protocols. The guidance, planning and adaptation of hygiene and health management systems can significantly improve the microbiological quality of the milk produced, both qualitatively and quantitatively
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "POINTS OF PRODUCTION"

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Hsia, Jung-Sheng. "A new method for the automated production of digital terrain models using a combination of feature points, grid points and filling back points." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337379.

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Krishnan, Shravan K. "Selection Of Inventory Control Points In Multi-Stage Pull Production Systems." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193725.

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We consider multistage, stochastic production systems using pull control for production authorization in discrete parts manufacturing. These systems have been widely implemented in recent years and constitute a significant aspect of lean manufacturing. Extensive research has appeared on the optimal sizing of buffer inventory levels in such systems. However the issue of control points, i.e. where in the multistage sequence to locate the output buffers, has not been addressed for pull systems. Allowable container/batch sizes, optimal inventory levels, and ability of systems to automatically adjust to stochastic demand depend on the location of these control points.We begin by examining a serial production system producing a single part type. Two models are examined in this regard. In the first, container size is independent of the control section, while in the second, container sizes are section dependent. Additionally, a nesting policy is introduced which introduces the additional constraint that the container size in a section is related to the container size in any other section by a power of two.Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for ensuring that a single, end-of-line accumulation point is optimal. When this is not the case, an algorithm is provided to determine the optimal control points. Effects of factors such as value added structure, fixed location cost, setup and material handling cost, kanban collection time, and material transportation time on the control structure are investigated. Results are extended to determine the optimal container size when lead time at a stage is a concave function of container size.The study is then extended to a multi-product case. Queuing aspects are introduced to account for the interaction between the different part types. The queuing model used is a modification of the Decomposition/Recomposition model described in Shantikumar and Buzacott (1981). The models in the chapter do not assume a serial structure any longer. Additionally, general interarrival and service time distributions are considered. The effect of number of products, demand arrival distribution, value added structure, and number of stages on the control structure and system cost is investigated.Finally, a simulation model is developed in Chapter 5 to verify and validate the mathematical models described in Chapters 3 and 4.
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Megaw, Amanda Margaret. "Detection of critical control points for foodborne pathogens within the poultry production and processing chain." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324855.

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Bui, Thi Minh Phung. "La structuration sémantique des contenus des documents audiovisuels selon les points de vue de la production." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00259261.

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Dans le contexte des progrès sensibles en termes de technologies de l'information et de normes associées à la vidéo, notre travail propose des outils de description flexible et à forte teneur sémantique des contenus audiovisuels au niveau du plan – le PSDS (Production Shot Description Scheme) – orientés par l'approche sémiotique et selon les points de vue des professionnels de la production. Nous constatons que les contenus audio-visuels ont une triple dimension sémantique – la sémantique technique, la sémantique du monde narratif et la sémiotique – et chaque niveau a sa propre description ontologique. La sémiotique complète la sémantique technique et thématique du contenu de la vidéo en expliquant pour quelles raisons les structures dynamiques du texte filmique peuvent produire ces interprétations sémantiques. Mobilisant tant des techniques d'analyse automatiques des média que des modèles existants, des terminologies, des théories et des discours du monde de cinéma, cette approche peut offrir une traduction naturelle et simple entre les différents niveaux sémantiques. La description orientée-objet à multiples points de vue des contenus implique de mettre en évidence dans l'arbre ontologique les unités significatives du domaine et leurs caractéristiques. Ces unités constituent les informations fondamentales pour l'appréhension du sens du récit. Elles sont représentées par des concepts qui constituent un réseau sémantique où les utilisateurs peuvent naviguer à la recherche d'informations. Chaque concept est un noeud du réseau sémantique du domaine visé. Représentées ensuite selon le formalisme Mpeg-7 et XML Schema, les connaissances intégrées dans les schémas de description du plan de la vidéo peuvent servir de base à la construction d'environnements interactifs d'édition des images. La vidéo y devient un flux informationnel dont les données peuvent être balisées, annotées, analysées et éditées. Les métadonnées analysées dans notre travail, comprenant des informations relevant de trois étapes de la production (pré-production, production et post-production) doivent permettre aux applications de gérer et manipuler les objets de la vidéo, ainsi que les représentations de leur sémantique, afin de les réutiliser dans plusieurs offres d'accès telles que l'indexation du contenu, la recherche, le filtrage, l'analyse et l'appréhension des images du film.
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Roussel, Morgan. "Normes et variations de la production lithique durant le Châtelperronien : la séquence de la Grande-Roche-de-la-Plématrie à Quinçay (Vienne)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100082.

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Aujourd’hui, les processus historiques ayant entraînés la disparition des Néandertaliens sont encore mal connus. L’étude des industries lithiques des dernières populations néandertaliennes permet alors d’appréhender les traditions techniques de ces populations. L’analyse technologique du matériel lithique de trois niveaux châtelperroniens, contenus en séquence dans la grotte de Quinçay, nous a permis d’évaluer la nature et la signification des changements du registre technique lithique châtelperronien durant un temps long. Ici, la méthode de débitage laminaire est caractéristique. C’est un débitage unipolaire de lames par séries qui suit un rythme en deux temps sur une table de débitage anguleuse. Le débitage lamellaire est assez fréquent. Exécuté, le plus souvent, sur des nucléus prismatiques à lamelles, il suit une progression du débitage qui est oblique par rapport à l’axe de symétrie du volume. L’objectif de ce débitage lamellaire est similaire à celui du Protoaurignacien : obtenir des supports de grandes lamelles Dufour. À Quinçay, la stabilité du registre technique lithique d’un niveau à l’autre indique qu’il n’y a probablement pas eu de changements au cours du temps. Ainsi, nous pouvons envisager qu’il n’y a pas eu d’évolution progressive du Châtelperronien vers le Protoaurignacien. En revanche, nous devons envisager l’influence du Protoaurignacien sur le Châtelperronien. Ces groupes ont pu être en contact sur des lieux de faible intimité sociale, comme des lieux de passage, où seuls des produits finis sont observables. De ce fait, c’est bien l’idée de l’armature de projectile et le concept de lamelles retouchées qui se serait diffusée d’un groupe à l’autre
Nowadays, historical processes leading to the demise of Neanderthals are still poorly understood. Studying the lithic industry of the last Neanderthal populations provides insights into the technical traditions of these populations.Lithic technological analysis of three Châtelperronian layers, preserved in sequence at the cave of Quinçay, allowed us to determine the origin and the signification of Châtelperronian technical system changes over a long time period.The method for blade production is characteristic. It is a unipolar debitage of blades in sequence, which follows a two-step rhythm on an angular flaking surface. Bladelet production is quite frequent. Carried out on prismatic bladelet cores, the retreat of the flaking surface is oblique to the volume’s axis of symmetry. The goal of this bladelet production is similar to the one of the Protoaurignacian : to obtain blanks for large Dufour bladelets.At Quinçay, the coherence of the lithic technical system from one layer to another suggests little to no change through time. Thus, we can consider that there was no progressive evolution from the Châtelperronian to the Protoaurignacian. Nevertheless, we have to consider the possible influence of the Protoaurignacian on the Châtelperronian. These groups might have been in contact at places with a low degree of social intimacy such as pathways, where only end-products were visible. In that case, the idea of projectile and the concept of retouched bladelets would have diffused from one group to another
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ABREU, ADRIANA RODRIGUES DE. "VOICES OF JUDGMENT AS POINTS OF ARGUMENT IN THE WRITTEN PRODUCTION OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS: SOCIO-DISCURSIVE AND SOCIAL SEMIOTIC APPROACH." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=22078@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
FUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
O objetivo deste estudo é investigar como alunos do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio usam discursos avaliativos em seus textos, aqui nomeados como vozes de julgamento, a fim de produzirem textos dissertativo-argumentativos. Para alcançar tal objetivo, analisaremos como os elementos avaliativos de julgamento constroem pontos de argumentação e, consequentemente, o ponto de vista argumentativo, elementos identificados e caracterizados neste trabalho. A arquitetura teórica da pesquisa fundamenta-se na visão sociodiscursiva da linguagem, baseada nos estudos de Bakhtin (1990, 2003), que entende o discurso como construção social; na abordagem sociossemiótica proposta pela Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (Halliday, 1978, 1994; Halliday e Hasan, 1989; Hasan, 1989), que volta-se para uma perspectiva semântica e funcional de linguagem e na Teoria da Avaliatividade (Martin e White, 2005; Martin, 2000a), que leva em conta os diferentes usos avaliativos da linguagem. Uma vez que a redação argumentativa é o objeto de análise desta pesquisa, este estudo também se fundamenta em estudos sobre gêneros (Halliday e Hasan, 1989; Martin, 1992, 2000b; Miller, 1994, Freedman, 1999; Bazerman, 2005 e Bakhtin, 2003) e teorias de argumentação (Breton, 2003). Sendo assim, caracterizaremos a redação escolar como um gênero discursivo, resultado de um processo social relevante para a inserção do aluno na sociedade; bem como entendemos a argumentação como atividade estruturante da linguagem. Fragmentos de doze redações produzidas por alunos de uma escola pública situada no município de São Gonçalo, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, foram investigados. A análise desenvolvida baseia-se na metodologia de pesquisa de natureza qualitativa e de cunho interpretativo (Denzin e Lincoln, 2006), em que investigamos o posicionamento dos alunos acerca da importância da escrita para a inclusão social, tendo em vista os discursos avaliativos que permeiam os textos. Os resultados indicam que as redações são compostas por enunciados carregados de crenças e estereótipos, sendo constituídas por diversos elementos avaliativos de comportamento humano. Além disso, foi possível perceber que muitos alunos se distanciam do gênero e da temática em questão, apontando para uma produção escrita aquém da esperada para o nível de escolaridade investigado. Em contraposição, os alunos frequentemente argumentam, mesmo que não seja na estrutura prototípica de uma redação dissertativo-argumentativa. Tais resultados levam à reflexão sobre a importância de se trabalhar com textos em sala de aula, apesar dos possíveis desafios.
The purpose of this study is to investigate how High School students use evaluative discourses in their written production, here named as voices of judgment, in order to produce argumentative texts. To reach this goal, we analyze how the evaluative elements of judgment construct points of argument, and therefore the argumentative point of view, elements identified and characterized in this work. The theoretical architecture built in this research is based on the socio-discursive approach to language (Bakhtin, 1990, 2003) that considers discourse as a social construct; the social semiotic perspective proposed by Systemic Functional Linguistics (Halliday, 1978, 1994; Halliday and Hasan, 1989; Hasan, 1989), which analyses language in a semantic and functional perspective, and the Appraisal Theory (Martin and White, 2005; Martin, 2000a), which takes into account different uses evaluative language. Since the object of analyses of this research is the argumentative written text, this study is also grounded on studies of genre (Halliday e Hasan, 1989; Martin, 1992, 2000b; Miller, 1994; Bakhtin, 2003) as well as on theories of argumentation (Breton, 2003). Hence, school essay is characterized as a discourse genre, being the result of a social process relevant to the inclusion of students in society, and arguments are seen as a structuring activity of language. Fragments of twelve essays produced by 12th grade students from a public school located in São Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro, were investigated. The analysis follows a qualitative and interpretative methodology (Denzin and Lincoln, 2006), when stances of students on the importance of writing and its relevance for social inclusion were analyzed, considering the evaluative pieces of discourse that underlie their texts. Results indicate that the essays are composed of a great number of stereotypes and beliefs, being constituted by several evaluative elements of human behavior. Furthermore, it was observed that many students deviate from the required topic and text type, showing low proficiency in the written argumentative genre and indicating a mismatch between secondary school literacy demands and students written production. In contrast, students often use strategies of argumentation, even if not being in the structure of a prototypical written argumentative text. These results lead to a reflection on the importance of working with texts in the classroom, despite possible challenges.
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Haouas, Nabiha. "Wind energy analysis and change point analysis." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22554.

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L’énergie éolienne, l’une des énergies renouvelables les plus compétitives, est considérée comme une solution qui remédie aux inconvénients de l’énergie fossile. Pour une meilleure gestion et exploitation de cette énergie, des prévisions de sa production s’avèrent nécessaires. Les méthodes de prévisions utilisées dans la littérature permettent uniquement une prévision de la moyenne annuelle de cette production. Certains travaux récents proposent l’utilisation du Théorème Central Limite (TCL), sous des hypothèses non classiques, pour l’estimation de la production annuelle moyenne de l’énergie éolienne ainsi que sa variance pour une seule turbine. Nous proposons dans cette thèse une extension de ces travaux à un parc éolien par relaxation de l’hypothèse de stationnarité la vitesse du vent et la production d’énergie, en supposant que ces dernières sont saisonnières. Sous cette hypothèse la qualité de la prévision annuelle s’améliore considérablement. Nous proposons aussi de prévoir la production d’énergie éolienne au cours des quatre saisons de l’année. L’utilisation du modèle fractal, nous permet de trouver une division ”naturelle” de la série de la vitesse du vent afin d’affiner l’estimation de la production éolienne en détectant les points de ruptures. Dans les deux derniers chapitres, nous donnons des outils statistiques de la détection des points de ruptures et d’estimation des modèles fractals
The wind energy, one of the most competitive renewable energies, is considered as a solution which remedies the inconveniences of the fossil energy. For a better management and an exploitation of this energy, forecasts of its production turn out to be necessary. The methods of forecasts used in the literature allow only a forecast of the annual mean of this production. Certain recent works propose the use of the Central Limit Theorem (CLT), under not classic hypotheses, for the estimation of the mean annual production of the wind energy as well as its variance for a single turbine. We propose in this thesis, an extension of these works in a wind farm by relaxation of the hypothesis of stationarity the wind speed and the power production, supposing that the latter are seasonal. Under this hypothesis the quality of the annual forecast improves considerably. We also suggest planning the wind power production during four seasons of the year. The use of the fractal model, allows us to find a "natural" division of the series of the wind speed to refine the estimation of the wind production by detecting abrupt change points. Statistical tools of the change points detection and the estimation of fractal models are presented in the last two chapters
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Demailly, Tulldahl Karine. "A Study and Analysis of Errors in the Written Production of Swedish Adolescent Learners of English : Comparing the Evolution of a Class at Two Different Points in Time." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Educational Science (IUV), 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-3367.

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The subject of this essay is a comparison of essays written by the same learners at two different points in time - i.e. while they were in the first and in the third grades of the Swedish secondary school. The essay includes a presentation of the raw data that have been used. The theoretical background is a general survey of some of the abundant literature relating to Second Language Acquisition and Error Analysis, and a large part of it deals with interlanguage theories. The analytical part of the work presents the results of the study, including a grammatical classification of the totality of the errors encountered as well as a presentation of the results for the whole of each class and for each individual learner. Finally, some of the theories are related to the results of the analysis and some conclusions are drawn. A part of the work consisted in the gathering of essays written by learners (exclusively with Swedish as their mother tongue) of the same class in a real school context, first to make a quantitative study of their errors, and second to make a comparison between their essays written at two different points in time. The aim was to find out if there had been an evolution, and to what extent the evolution had taken place. The hypothesis formulated at the beginning of this essay is that learners, in general, should make fewer errors after two years have passed. The results are that errors concerning Verbs (especially Concord), as well as miscellaneous spelling errors, were the most frequent ones, and this is true for both grades. As the total number of errors is lower for the third grade than for the first, and since the learners' production is larger in the third grade than in the first, the hypothesis can be considered to be true, though a larger study should be conducted to see if a general pattern can be found.

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Diawara, Mamadou Oumar. "Impact de la variabilité climatique au nord Sahel (Gourma, Mali) sur la dynamique des ressources pastorales, conséquences sur les productions animales." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30029.

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Nombre de travaux effectués sur la production primaire des parcours sahéliens dominés par des herbacées annuelles, montrent une forte variation à la fois spatiale mais aussi temporelle de la production liée aux variations des précipitations et à la redistribution des eaux en surface liée principalement au type de sol. Dans cette région, l'essentiel de la production fourragère a lieu au cours de la saison des pluies qui dure trois à quatre mois. La gestion du stock fourrager qui constitue la principale ressource disponible pour le bétail au cours de la longue saison sèche suppose une bonne connaissance de sa dynamique saisonnière sous l'effet conjugué du climat et de la pression pastorale. Cette thèse se propose d'étudier l'impact de la variabilité climatique observée dans la région naturelle du Gourma, située au nord-est du Sahel malien, sur la dynamique de ses ressources pastorales et leurs conséquences sur les productions animales. La démarche utilisée est basée sur un suivi saisonnier conjoint de la végétation et de la charge animale. Elle combine une approche analytique à une modélisation de la dynamique de la ressource fourragère sous l'effet de la distribution des pluies et celle de la charge animale. Quatre principales études composent cette thèse. La première est une analyse de la sensibilité de la production fourragère aux aléas de la distribution intra-saisonnière des pluies. La seconde étude menée évalue l'impact de la pâture des ruminants domestiques sur les taux de disparition des pailles dressées et des litières au cours de la saison sèche. La troisième étude aborde la même question par modélisation des dynamiques associées de la charge animale et de la ressource fourragère en saison sèche. La quatrième et dernière étude, évalue la productivité numérique des troupeaux et la viabilité écologique de l'élevage pastoral dans la région du Gourma. Les résultats mettent en évidence la faible productivité des troupeaux de conduite pastorale malgré une sous-exploitation globale des ressources fourragères de saison sèche. Ils indiquent que dans les systèmes pastoraux sahéliens avec des parcours qui produisent moins de 2000 kg MS ha-1 en moyenne, et avec un faible recours à la complémentation alimentaire, le bétail est en situation de stress nutritionnel en fin de saison sèche et début de saison des pluies comme le révèlent les masses fourragères résiduelles en fin de saison sèche de moins de 10% des disponibles de fin de saison des pluies
Several studies on the primary production of Sahelian rangelands that are dominated by annual herbaceous indicate large spatial heterogeneity and high inter-annual variations in production associated with changes in rainfall distribution mediated by run-off redistribution itself mostly bound to soil type. In Sahel, most of the forage production occurs during the rainy season, which lasts three to four months. The management of the stock of fodder which is the main nutrition resource for livestock during the long dry season requires a good knowledge of its seasonal dynamics under the combined effects of climate and grazing pressure. This thesis aims to study the impact of climate variability on the dynamics of the pastoral resources of the Gourma in the North-East of Malian Sahel and to assess the impact of resources variations on animal production. The approach used is based on a joint seasonal monitoring of vegetation and stocking rate. It combines an analytical study and the modeling of the dynamics of forage resources in response to rainfall distribution and stocking rate. The thesis is composed of four studies. The first is a sensitivity analysis of forage production to the intra-seasonal distribution of rainfall. The second study evaluates the impact of domestic ruminants grazing on standing straw and litter disappearance rates during the dry season. The third study addresses the same question by modeling the dynamics of fodder resources during the season depending on the livestock grazing pressure. The fourth and last study evaluates the breeding productivity of the herds and the sustainability of Gourma pastoralism. The results highlight the low productivity of pastoral breeding despite an overall under-utilization of the forage stock in the dry-season. They indicate that in the Sahelian pastoral systems with rangelands producing less than 2000 kg DM ha-1 on average, and very limited use of supplementary feeds in the late dry season, livestock suffer of nutritional stress in the late dry and early wet season, as revealed by residual masses of straws and litter tilling less than 10 % of rangeland yield at the end of the rainy season
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Claude, Grégory. "Modélisation de documents et recherches de points communs : propositions d'un framework de gestion de fiches d'anomalie pour faciliter les maintenances corrective et préventive." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1575/.

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La pratique quotidienne d'une activité génère un ensemble de connaissances qui se traduisent par un savoir-faire, une maîtrise, une compétence qu'une personne acquiert au cours du temps. Pour les préserver, la capitalisation des connaissances est devenue une activité essentielle dans les entreprises. Nos travaux de recherche ont pour objectif de modéliser et mettre en œuvre un système afin d'extraire et de formaliser les connaissances issues des anomalies qui surviennent dans un contexte de production industrielle et de les intégrer dans un framework facilitant la maintenance corrective et préventive. Ce framework structure la connaissance sous la forme de groupes d'anomalies. Ces groupes peuvent être rapprochés des patterns : ils représentent un problème auquel une ou plusieurs solutions sont associées. Ils ne sont pas définis a priori, c'est l'analyse des anomalies passées qui génère des groupes pertinents, qui peuvent évoluer avec l'ajout de nouvelles anomalies. Pour identifier ces patterns, supports de la connaissance, un processus complet d'extraction et de formalisation de la connaissance est suivi, Knowledge Discovery in Databases. Ce processus a été appliqué dans des domaines très variés. Nous lui donnons ici une nouvelle dimension, le traitement d'anomalies et plus particulièrement celles qui surviennent au cours de processus de production industrielle. Les étapes génériques qui le composent, depuis la simple sélection des données jusqu'à l'interprétation des patterns qui supportent les connaissances, sont considérées pour affecter à chacune un traitement spécifique pertinent par rapport à notre contexte applicatif
The daily practice of an activity generates a set of knowledge that results in a know-how, a mastery, a skill a person gains over time. In order to take advantage of this experience, capitalization of knowledge has become an essential activity for companies. Our research work aims to model and implement such a system that extracts and formalizes knowledge from defects that occur in the context of industrial production, and to integrate it into a framework in order to facilitate corrective and preventive maintenance. This framework organizes the knowledge in the form of defects' groups. These groups can be compared to patterns: they represent a problem to which one or more solutions are related. They are not defined a priori; the analysis of past defects generates relevant groups, which may change with the addition of new defects. To identify these patterns, a complete process of knowledge extraction and formalization is adopted, Knowledge Discovery in Databases, well known in the domain of knowledge management. This process has been applied in very diversified fields. In this work, we give a new dimension to this process, the processing of defects, especially those that occur during industrial production processes. The generic steps that compose it, from the simple data selection to the interpretation of patterns that support knowledge, are considered. A specific processing, relevant to our applicative context, is assigned to each of these steps
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Books on the topic "POINTS OF PRODUCTION"

1

Cantegreil, F. Les treize points clés de la production. [Paris]: Dunod, 1986.

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Meyer, Arnoud de. "Managerial focal points in manufacturing strategy". Fontainbleau: INSEAD, 1986.

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Shearer, Peter. Yeild gap momentum as a leading indicator to predict turning points in industrial production growth. Hertford: University of Hertforshire Business School, 1998.

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N, Iusem Alfredo, ed. Totally convex functions for fixed points computation and infinite dimensional optimization. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.

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Wilcox, Mark. Control at the point of production. [s.l.]: typescript, 1990.

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DeLillo, Don. Point oméga: Roman. [Arles]: Actes Sud, 2010.

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Khan, S. T. Ali. Production du pois sec au Canada. Ottawa, Ont: Agriculture Canada, 1989.

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The shifting point, 1946-1987. New York: Theatre Communications Group, 1994.

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Peter, Brook. The shifting point: 1946-1987. New York: Harper & Row, 1987.

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Brook, Peter. The shifting point... 1946-1987. New York: Harper & Row, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "POINTS OF PRODUCTION"

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Wikner, Joakim, Jenny Bäckstrand, Fredrik Tiedemann, and Eva Johansson. "Leagility in a Triad with Multiple Decoupling Points." In Advances in Production Management Systems: Innovative Production Management Towards Sustainable Growth, 113–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22756-6_14.

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Wikner, Joakim. "Financial Measures and Their Relations to Decoupling Points and Decoupling Zones." In Advances in Production Management Systems: Innovative Production Management Towards Sustainable Growth, 186–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22756-6_23.

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Lachmann, Martin, Tilman Stark, Martin Golz, and Eberhard Manske. "Evaluation of Deep Autoencoders for Prediction of Adjustment Points in the Mass Production of Sensors." In Machine Learning for Cyber Physical Systems, 9–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59084-3_2.

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Dompere, Kofi Kissi. "The Theory of the Knowledge Square and the Information Structure: The Points of Entry and Departure." In The Theory of the Knowledge Square: The Fuzzy Rational Foundations of the Knowledge-Production Systems, 1–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31119-2_1.

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Beulens, A. J. M., M. H. Jansen, and J. C. Wortmann. "The information de-coupling point." In Global Production Management, 50–58. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35569-6_7.

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Ceylan, Pinar. "Regional variation in the distribution of property rights over land in sixteenth-century Ottoman rural Manisa." In Disuguaglianza economica nelle società preindustriali: cause ed effetti / Economic inequality in pre-industrial societies: causes and effect, 351–68. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-053-5.23.

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Concentrating on the Western Anatolian district of Manisa and employing tax surveys dating 1575, this study points to the regional variation in property rights institutions, which resulted in different inequality regimes across space. Empirical evidence suggests the existence of two agricultural production systems characterized by different property and surplus relations, in the southern and northern parts of the district in the late sixteenth century. Accordingly, inequality structures in these areas reflected region-specific patterns of property rights distribution within and across direct producers and landlords’ classes.
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Darmark, Kim. "Surface Pressure Flaking in Eurasia: Mapping the Innovation, Diffusion and Evolution of a Technological Element in the Production of Projectile Points." In The Emergence of Pressure Blade Making, 261–83. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2003-3_10.

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Lovell, Chris. "Prelims - Productive Water Points in Dryland Areas." In Productive Water Points in Dryland Areas, i—x. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780441306.000.

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Lovell, Chris. "1. Productive water points in dryland areas." In Productive Water Points in Dryland Areas, 1–20. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780441306.001.

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Lovell, Chris. "2. Understanding why wells and boreholes fail." In Productive Water Points in Dryland Areas, 21–41. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780441306.002.

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Conference papers on the topic "POINTS OF PRODUCTION"

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Clark, P. E., L. Sundarem, and M. Balakrishnan. "Yield Points in Oilfield Cements." In SPE Production Operations Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/21689-ms.

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Hunter, J. L., R. S. Leonard, D. G. Andrus, L. R. Tschirhart, and J. A. Daigle. "Cotton Valley Production Enhancement Team Points Way to Full Gas Production Potential." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/24887-ms.

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Avramoussis, Nick, Richard Jones, Francisco Gochez, Todd Keeler, and Matt Warner. "A JIT expression language for fast manipulation of VDB points and volumes." In DigiPro '18: The Digital Production Symposium. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3233085.3233087.

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Schaechter, Friedrich. "Micro-Machining In High Volume Production Example: Ball Pen Writing Points." In Hague International Symposium, edited by Manfred Weck. SPIE, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.941287.

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Cordes, Kai, Patrick Mikulastik, Alexander Vais, and Jörn Ostermann. "Extrinsic Calibration of a Stereo Camera System Using a 3D CAD Model Considering the Uncertainties of Estimated Feature Points." In 2009 Conference for Visual Media Production (CVMP). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvmp.2009.10.

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SHAHRIAR, MD, MD ZAHID, and MIR MD. "Dynamic Response of a Simply Supported Plate Due to Excitation at Different Points." In Second International Conference on Advances in Mechanical, Aeronautical and Production Techniques - MAPT 2014. Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15224/978-1-63248-037-8-93.

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Cha´vez, R. Hilda, Javier de J. Guadarrama, and Abel Herna´ndez-Guerrero. "Thermodynamic Analysis of the First Stage of Heavy Water Production." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13396.

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The present paper describes the thermodynamic analysis of the first stage of enrichment of heavy water production by the Girdler Sulfide (GS) process. A very useful procedure for analyzing a proces is by means of the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Thermodynamic analyses based on the concept of irreversible entropy increase have frequently been suggested as pointers to sources of inefficiency in chemical processes. Furthermore, this study points out where the irreversibilities of the process are located, and provides a generalized discussion from the successful application of the technique.
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Rosa, Carla, Miguel O Herrera, and Elezer Lemes. "Hazard analysis and critical control points (haccp) in the production of yellow fever ifa (active pharmaceutical ingredient)." In IV International Symposium on Immunobiologicals & VII Seminário Anual Científico e Tecnológico. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35259/isi.sact.2019_32760.

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Giacomelli, Enzo, Franco Graziani, Simone Pratesi, Giovanni Zonfrillo, and Iacopo Giovannetti. "Advanced Design of Packing and Cylinders for Hyper-Compressors for LDPE Production." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71291.

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The optimization of packing cup geometry is important for improving the reliability of hyper-compressors. The complex arrangement and the transmission of loads through the various components requires the use of FEA to properly determine the stress level. The need to reduce the sensitivity to external factors requires an investigation with more advanced simulations. The entire cylinder and associated components such as head flanges, cylinder chambers and tie rods, were modeled. This provided the characteristics of the interfaces and the boundary conditions necessary to simulate the packing cups. Considering the thickness, ring housing profile, lube-oil holes, mating surfaces, interference-fit and diameter make it possible to obtain the stresses at the most critical points. This new simulation approach shows the effect of the parameters that influence the stress level at critical points, thus optimizing the packing cup profile and its relevant features.
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Berrich-Betouche, Emna, Asma Dhahak, Abdelaziz Touati, and Fethi Aloui. "Fuel Production From Plastic Wastes Pyrolysis." In ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69086.

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Energetic valorization of thermoplastic wastes (High-density polyethylene (PE) and Polypropylene (PP)) to produce fuel using pyrolysis process is presented in this paper. HDPE and PP pyrolysis experiments were carried out in a lab-scale batch reactor under an inert atmosphere. Nitrogen gas was used as carrier before and during the experiments. The temperature was varied from 293 K to approximately 773 K. The viscosities of HDPE, PP and the mixture 50% HDPE & 50 % PP pyrolysis liquids are respectively equal to 1.08 cP, 0.67 cP and 0.8 cP. Its densities are respectively equals to 0.735, 0.751 and 0.759 (at 20 °C–30 °C). The high calorific value (the heating Value) is respectively equals to 45.235 ± 0.641 MJ/kg, 46.151 ± 1.33 MJ/kg and 45.393 ± 0.87 MJ/kg. The liquids obtained have approximately the same Kerosene (Coal Oil) high calorific value (46 MJ/kg). The flash points are respectively equal to 32 °C, 31 °C and lesser than 25 °C for the mixture. They are lesser than coal oil and Diesel values which are equal to 38 °C for Kerosene and between 38 °C and 58 °C for Diesel. The mixture of two polymers decreases the viscosity values comparing to coal oil (1.7 cP) and Diesel (3.35 cP).
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Reports on the topic "POINTS OF PRODUCTION"

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Duffy, M., K. Harrison, and T. Sheahen. Measurement of Hydrogen Production Rate Based on Dew Point Temperatures: Independent Review. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/921806.

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Slattery, Kevin. Unsettled Topics on the Benefit of Additive Manufacturing for Production at the Point of Use in the Mobility Industry. SAE International, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021006.

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An oft-cited benefit of additive manufacturing (AM), or “3D-printing,” technology is the ability to produce parts at the point of use by downloading a digital file and making the part at a local printer. This has the potential to greatly compress supply chains, lead times, inventories, and design iterations for custom parts. As a result of this, both manufacturing and logistics companies are investigating and investing in AM capacity for production at the point of use. However, it can be imagined that the feasibility and benefits are a function of size, materials, build time, manufacturing complexity, cost, and competing technologies. Because of this, there are instances where the viability of point-of-use manufacturing ranges from the perfect solution to the worst possible choice. Unsettled Topics on the Benefits of Additive Manufacturing for Production at the Point of Use in the Mobility Industry discusses the benefits, challenges, trade-offs, and other determining factors regarding this new level of AM possibilities.
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Wallgren, Anders, and Britt Wallgren. Toward an Integrated Statistical System Based on Registers. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003204.

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This note describes how Latin American and Caribbean countries can join a revolution in statistical systems, moving from data collection based on geographic frames to one based on administrative registers, and the advantages of making this change. Northern European countries have already shifted from a traditional area frame-based statistical system to a register-based system, in which all surveys are based on statistical registers. Among the key advantages of the shift are: i) lower production costs; ii) potential for higher levels of geographic disaggregation and greater frequency; and iii) reduce the burden on informants by following the maxim of “ask once, use many times”. Evidence from Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru points to the viability of this transition in the region. However, to take better advantage of the new strategy, countries should invest to improve the quality and coverage of their administrative systems and should create an integrated register system, allowing for efficient data use, and ensuring consistency and coherence across statistical registries.
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Snilstveit, Birte, Raag Bhatia, Kristen Rankin, and Beryl Leach. 3ie evidence gap maps: a starting point for strategic evidence production and use. International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie), February 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23846/wp0028.

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Case, R. D., and Stephen F. Sullivan. The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1985 Ship Production Symposium. Volume 1, Paper Number 16: The Sparrows Point Yard/Local 33 Employee Involvement Effort. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada444318.

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Weiss, Charles, William McGinley, Bradford Songer, Madeline Kuchinski, and Frank Kuchinski. Performance of active porcelain enamel coated fibers for fiber-reinforced concrete : the performance of active porcelain enamel coatings for fiber-reinforced concrete and fiber tests at the University of Louisville. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40683.

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A patented active porcelain enamel coating improves both the bond between the concrete and steel reinforcement as well as its corrosion resistance. A Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program to develop a commercial method for production of porcelain-coated fibers was developed in 2015. Market potential of this technology with its steel/concrete bond improvements and corrosion protection suggests that it can compete with other fiber reinforcing systems, with improvements in performance, durability, and cost, especially as compared to smooth fibers incorporated into concrete slabs and beams. Preliminary testing in a Phase 1 SBIR investigation indicated that active ceramic coatings on small diameter wire significantly improved the bond between the wires and the concrete to the point that the wires achieved yield before pullout without affecting the strength of the wire. As part of an SBIR Phase 2 effort, the University of Louisville under contract for Ceramics, Composites and Coatings Inc., proposed an investigation to evaluate active enamel-coated steel fibers in typical concrete applications and in masonry grouts in both tension and compression. Evaluation of the effect of the incorporation of coated fibers into Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) was examined using flexural and compressive strength testing as well as through nanoindentation.
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Ivanova, Iryna, and Elena Afanasieva. MODEL OF INTERACTION BETWEEN ADVERTISING, PR AND JOURNALISM. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11060.

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The article is an overview of the journalism – PR – advertising relationship at the terminological, empirical-analytical and practical levels. It traces the state of the discussion of these correlations in the post-soviet media such as Ukraine. The study describes that domesticating the importance of the appropriate partnership between the three communication technologies. The thesis is that journalism, advertising and PR create a mutual connection that takes place in an atmosphere of PR and advertising permissiveness and deepens with the development of digitalization, Social network development. The present research is based on a comprehensive approach. The inductive and deductive methods are adopted to discuss theoretical materials, and the interdisciplinary research method is used to detect PR-specific features as a philosophy of a new journalism project. The interpretive approach, usually employed to analyze media text as a complex synthetic structure, was also taken into consideration. The analytical method application identified the modern means of substantiating the ideological, esthetical and informative value of brand journalism and spin doctor. The innovative character of modern media as a behavioral strategy in the advertising and PR industry consists in the fact that it is a form of creative production and behavior rather than adapting a specific communication situation. The article examines the main directions of contemporary interactions between PR, advertising and journalism as a media content creation. In this context, it is asserted that advertising, journalism and PR activities can contribute to the creation of media content. At some point, good media content is achieved not only as a result of this competition but also from the correlation between PR, advertising and journalism.
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Führ, Martin, Julian Schenten, and Silke Kleihauer. Integrating "Green Chemistry" into the Regulatory Framework of European Chemicals Policy. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627727.

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20 years ago a concept of “Green Chemistry” was formulated by Paul Anastas and John Warner, aiming at an ambitious agenda to “green” chemical products and processes. Today the concept, laid down in a set of 12 principles, has found support in various arenas. This diffusion was supported by enhancements of the legislative framework; not only in the European Union. Nevertheless industry actors – whilst generally supporting the idea – still see “cost and perception remain barriers to green chemistry uptake”. Thus, the questions arise how additional incentives as well as measures to address the barriers and impediments can be provided. An analysis addressing these questions has to take into account the institutional context for the relevant actors involved in the issue. And it has to reflect the problem perception of the different stakeholders. The supply chain into which the chemicals are distributed are of pivotal importance since they create the demand pull for chemicals designed in accordance with the “Green Chemistry Principles”. Consequently, the scope of this study includes all stages in a chemical’s life-cycle, including the process of designing and producing the final products to which chemical substances contribute. For each stage the most relevant legislative acts, together establishing the regulatory framework of the “chemicals policy” in the EU are analysed. In a nutshell the main elements of the study can be summarized as follows: Green Chemistry (GC) is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Besides, reaction efficiency, including energy efficiency, and the use of renewable resources are other motives of Green Chemistry. Putting the GC concept in a broader market context, however, it can only prevail if in the perception of the relevant actors it is linked to tangible business cases. Therefore, the study analyses the product context in which chemistry is to be applied, as well as the substance’s entire life-cycle – in other words, the six stages in product innovation processes): 1. Substance design, 2. Production process, 3. Interaction in the supply chain, 4. Product design, 5. Use phase and 6. After use phase of the product (towards a “circular economy”). The report presents an overview to what extent the existing framework, i.e. legislation and the wider institutional context along the six stages, is setting incentives for actors to adequately address problematic substances and their potential impacts, including the learning processes intended to invoke creativity of various actors to solve challenges posed by these substances. In this respect, measured against the GC and Learning Process assessment criteria, the study identified shortcomings (“delta”) at each stage of product innovation. Some criteria are covered by the regulatory framework and to a relevant extent implemented by the actors. With respect to those criteria, there is thus no priority need for further action. Other criteria are only to a certain degree covered by the regulatory framework, due to various and often interlinked reasons. For those criteria, entry points for options to strengthen or further nuance coverage of the respective principle already exist. Most relevant are the deltas with regard to those instruments that influence the design phase; both for the chemical substance as such and for the end-product containing the substance. Due to the multi-tier supply chains, provisions fostering information, communication and cooperation of the various actors are crucial to underpin the learning processes towards the GCP. The policy options aim to tackle these shortcomings in the context of the respective stage in order to support those actors who are willing to change their attitude and their business decisions towards GC. The findings are in general coherence with the strategies to foster GC identified by the Green Chemistry & Commerce Council.
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Kindt, Roeland, Ian K Dawson, Jens-Peter B Lillesø, Alice Muchugi, Fabio Pedercini, and James M Roshetko. The one hundred tree species prioritized for planting in the tropics and subtropics as indicated by database mining. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21001.pdf.

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A systematic approach to tree planting and management globally is hindered by the limited synthesis of information sources on tree uses and species priorities. To help address this, the authors ‘mined’ information from 23 online global and regional databases to assemble a list of the most frequent tree species deemed useful for planting according to database mentions, with a focus on tropical regions. Using a simple vote count approach for ranking species, we obtained a shortlist of 100 trees mentioned in at least 10 of our data sources (the ‘top-100’ species). A longer list of 830 trees that were mentioned at least five times was also compiled. Our ‘top-100’ list indicated that the family Fabaceae (syn. Leguminosae) was most common. The information associated with our mined data sources indicated that the ‘top-100’ list consisted of a complementary group of species of differing uses. These included the following: for wood (mostly for timber) and fuel production, human nutrition, animal fodder supply, and environmental service provision (varied services). Of these uses, wood was most frequently specified, with fuel and food use also highly important. Many of the ‘top-100’ species were assigned multiple uses. The majority of the ‘top-100’ species had weediness characteristics according to ‘attribute’ invasiveness databases that were also reviewed, thereby demonstrating potential environmental concerns associated with tree planting that need to be balanced against environmental and livelihood benefits. Less than half of the ‘top-100’ species were included in the OECD Scheme for the Certification of Forest Reproductive Material, thus supporting a view that lack of germplasm access is a common concern for trees. A comparison of the ‘top-100’ species with regionally-defined tree inventories indicated their diverse continental origins, as would be anticipated from a global analysis. However, compared to baseline expectations, some geographic regions were better represented than others. Our analysis assists in priority-setting for research and serves as a guide to practical tree planting initiatives. We stress that this ‘top-100’ list does not necessarily represent tree priorities for the future, but provides a starting point for also addressing representation gaps. Indeed, our primary concern going forward is with the latter.
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10

Pedersen, Gjertrud. Symphonies Reframed. Norges Musikkhøgskole, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22501/nmh-ar.481294.

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Symphonies Reframed recreates symphonies as chamber music. The project aims to capture the features that are unique for chamber music, at the juncture between the “soloistic small” and the “orchestral large”. A new ensemble model, the “triharmonic ensemble” with 7-9 musicians, has been created to serve this purpose. By choosing this size range, we are looking to facilitate group interplay without the need of a conductor. We also want to facilitate a richness of sound colours by involving piano, strings and winds. The exact combination of instruments is chosen in accordance with the features of the original score. The ensemble setup may take two forms: nonet with piano, wind quartet and string quartet (with double bass) or septet with piano, wind trio and string trio. As a group, these instruments have a rich tonal range with continuous and partly overlapping registers. This paper will illuminate three core questions: What artistic features emerge when changing from large orchestral structures to mid-sized chamber groups? How do the performers reflect on their musical roles in the chamber ensemble? What educational value might the reframing unfold? Since its inception in 2014, the project has evolved to include works with vocal, choral and soloistic parts, as well as sonata literature. Ensembles of students and professors have rehearsed, interpreted and performed our transcriptions of works by Brahms, Schumann and Mozart. We have also carried out interviews and critical discussions with the students, on their experiences of the concrete projects and on their reflections on own learning processes in general. Chamber ensembles and orchestras are exponents of different original repertoire. The difference in artistic output thus hinges upon both ensemble structure and the composition at hand. Symphonies Reframed seeks to enable an assessment of the qualities that are specific to the performing corpus and not beholden to any particular piece of music. Our transcriptions have enabled comparisons and reflections, using original compositions as a reference point. Some of our ensemble musicians have had first-hand experience with performing the original works as well. Others have encountered the works for the first time through our productions. This has enabled a multi-angled approach to the three central themes of our research. This text is produced in 2018.
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