Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pointes généralisées'
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Phung, Xuan Kien. "Points entiers généralisés sur les variétés abéliennes." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAD003.
Full textWe study the finiteness, growth order, generic emptyness, and uniformity of the set of (S,D)-integral sections in an abelian fibration A over a compact Riemann surface B. Here, S is an arbitrary subset of B and not necessarily finite. These integral sections correspond to rational points of the generic fibre of A and which intersect the divisor D only possibly above S. We introduce in this context the so-called hyperbolic-homotopic height as a substitute for the classical intersection theory. We then establish several new results concerning the finiteness of various large unions of (S,D)-integral points and their polynomial growth in terms of the caradinality of the restriction of S in U, where the sets S is required to be finite only in a certain small open subset U of B. Such results are out of reach of a purely algebraic method. Thereby, we give some new evidence and phenomena to the Geometric Lang-Vojta conjecture. When A is an elliptic surface, we obtain the same results for certain unions of (S,D)-integral points, where both S and D are allowed to vary in certain families. A negative finiteness result concerning the Parshin-Arakelov theorem is also given
Tari, Kévin. "Automorphismes des variétés de Kummer généralisées." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2301/document.
Full textLn this work, we classify non-symplectic automorphisms of varieties deformation equivalent to 4-dimensional generalized Kummer varieties, having a prime order action on the Beauville-Bogomolov lattice. Firstly, we give the fixed loci of natural automorphisms of this kind. Thereafter, we develop tools on lattices, in order to apply them to our varieties. A lattice-theoritic study of 2-dimensional complex tori allows a better understanding of natural automorphisms of Kummer-type varieties. Finaly, we classify all the automorphisms described above on thos varieties. As an application of our results on lattices, we complete also the classification of prime order automorphisms on varieties deformation-equivalent to Hilbert schemes of 2 points on K3 surfaces, solving the case of order 5 which was still open
Fléchelles, Balthazar. "Geometric finiteness in convex projective geometry." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASM029.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of geometrically finite convex projective orbifolds, following work of Ballas, Cooper, Crampon, Leitner, Long, Marquis and Tillmann. A convex projective orbifold is the quotient of a bounded, convex and open subset of an affine chart of real projective space (called a properly convex domain) by a discrete group of projective transformations that preserve it. We say that a convex projective orbifold is strictly convex if there are no non-trivial segments in the boundary of the convex subset, and round if in addition there is a unique supporting hyperplane at each boundary point. Following work of Cooper-Long-Tillmann and Crampon-Marquis, we say that a strictly convex orbifold is geometrically finite if its convex core decomposes as the union of a compact subset and of finitely many ends, called cusps, all of whose points have an injectivity radius smaller than a constant depending only on the dimension. Understanding what types of cusps may occur is crucial for the study of geometrically finite orbifolds. In the strictly convex case, the only known restriction on cusp holonomies, imposed by a generalization of the celebrated Margulis lemma proven by Cooper-Long-Tillmann and Crampon-Marquis, is that the holonomy of a cusp has to be virtually nilpotent. We give a complete characterization of the holonomies of cusps of strictly convex orbifolds and of those of round orbifolds. By generalizing a method of Cooper, which gave the only previously known example of a cusp of a strictly convex manifold with non virtually abelian holonomy, we build examples of cusps of strictly convex manifolds and round manifolds whose holonomy can be any finitely generated torsion-free nilpotent group. In joint work with M. Islam and F. Zhu, we also prove that for torsion-free relatively hyperbolic groups, relative P1-Anosov representations (in the sense of Kapovich-Leeb, Zhu and Zhu-Zimmer) that preserve a properly convex domain are exactly the holonomies of geometrically finite round manifolds.In the general case of non strictly convex projective orbifolds, no satisfactory definition of geometric finiteness is known at the moment. However, Cooper-Long-Tillmann, followed by Ballas-Cooper-Leitner, introduced a notion of generalized cusps in this context. Although they only require that the holonomy be virtually nilpotent, all previously known examples had virtually abelian holonomy. We build examples of generalized cusps whose holonomy can be any finitely generated torsion-free nilpotent group. We also allow ourselves to weaken Cooper-Long-Tillmann’s original definition by assuming only that the holonomy be virtually solvable, and this enables us to construct new examples whose holonomy is not virtually nilpotent.When a geometrically finite orbifold has no cusps, i.e. when its convex core is compact, we say that the orbifold is convex cocompact. Danciger-Guéritaud-Kassel provided a good definition of convex cocompactness for convex projective orbifolds that are not necessarily strictly convex. They proved that the holonomy of a convex cocompact convex projective orbifold is Gromov hyperbolic if and only if the associated representation is P1-Anosov. Using these results, Vinberg’s theory and work of Agol and Haglund-Wise about cubulated hyperbolic groups, we construct, in collaboration with S. Douba, T. Weisman and F. Zhu, examples of P1-Anosov representations for any cubulated hyperbolic group. This gives new examples of hyperbolic groups admitting Anosov representations
Taha, Khaled. "Analyse numérique d'algorithmes pour la programmation linéaire-quadratique généralisée." Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES035.
Full textIn this work, we present a theoretical and numerical study of extended linear-quadratic programming. We start with bringing out the different proprieties of objective and defining the relation of optimality with variational inequalities and linear complementarity problems. To solve the problem numerically, we adapt first and foremost a SQP variant of the quasi-Newton method BFGS and suggest the proximal point algorithm for the non-differentiable case. In the following, we deal with interior point methods and propose a new method based on solving a sequence of quasi-definite systems. This method takes advantage of the particular structure of these systems. Afterwards, we generalize our study on the minimax problem. In this context, two important cases are analysed; the case of polyhedral constraints and the case of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, we apply our results to solve problems of dynamic and stochastic optimisation. Numerical simulations done in this work assess the efficiency of our method
Papin, Marie-Nathalie. "Structure d'urgence du CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre : analyse du recours par les omnipraticiens de ville et comparaison à une population témoin." Antilles-Guyane, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AGUY0370.
Full textINTRODUCTION: the activity of the emergency departments (ED) is in constant increase. We analyzed the recourse to the ED by the general practitioners and tried to know if they establish a predictive factor of hospitalization and specialized coverage. METHOD : descriptive forward-Iooking Study not randomized realized over 3 weeks in the ED of the teaching hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre (FWI). Ali the patients with a letter of admission were included. The concemed doctors were contacted by phone. The main analyzed variables concerned the characteristics of the consultation, the reason of the recourse to the ED, and satisfaction of the doctor on the coverage. This population was then compared with a witness population. The main criteria of comparison were the request of additional examination, specialized notice, the rate of hospitalization and the CCMU classification (Clinical Classification of the ED's patients). RESULTS ; 154 inclusive patients. Sex-ratio 1,17. Somalie pathologies concem more than 80 % of the recourse. Main motives to resort t the ED are the request of additional examination (57%), specialized notice (45%) and\or of hospitalization (36%). Their proportion in ED i more important among refered patients (respectively 82 % vs 49 %, 36 % vs 17 % and 38 % vs 9 %), who are mainly classified CCMU 2 (74 %) and CCMU 1 (13 %). CONCLUSION: the resort to the ED by general practitioners seems often motivated by the lack of accessibility to available resources in Iiberal. The emergency degree does not appear as the main factor. The fact of being sent seems to represent a predictive factor of more specific care
Voutay, Olivier. "Mise au point d'attributs sismiques pour l'interprétation AVO et 4D des réservoirs pétroliers par analyse en composantes généralisée." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL009N.
Full textRekik, Donia. "Vers une approche dynamique du processus de la notation souveraine." Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080062.
Full textThe object of this study is to propose a conceptual and statistical framework to better understand the sovereign rating process. This thesis suggests a multi-levels-approach in the perspective (i) of unveiling the limits of expertise of the credit rating agencies due to the noticed differences and to the rating errors. It will also (ii) conduct a classic reconstitution of the sovereign ratings and (iii) will revisit the rating process according to a dynamic reconstitution of the scores. The results of the classic reconstitution revealed that the ratings of the developing countries showed their economic and financial situation whereas it showed the subjective intervention of the experts when it came to developed countries. Studies conducted in a dynamic perspective are based on the construction and the modeling of the rating migration. A first study driven by the MDS method, has allowed to discover the type of ratings used. The four types of identified systems allow distinguishing the most stable countries from the most vulnerable. A second study has consisted on modeling the rating systems in a context of the scores made through ACD model and an ordered Probit model. The results highlight an acceleration of the lowering score for the episodes especially in times of crisis. The lack of heterogeneity in the model raised awareness regarding the ratings of socioeconomic situations and created an advanced composite index. The rating migration reflect the long-term evolution of a country, they also transmit a more important and a larger informational content than a simple rating
Koshelev, Dmitrii. "Nouvelles applications des surfaces rationnelles et surfaces de Kummer généralisées sur des corps finis à la cryptographie à base de couplages et à la théorie des codes BCH." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASM001.
Full textThere is well developed theory of so-called toric codes, i.e., algebraic geometry codes on toric varieties over a finite field. Besides ordinary (i.e., split) tori and toric varieties there are non-split ones. Therefore the thesis is dedicated to the study of algebraic geometry codes on the latter
El, Mir Ghina. "Algèbres de Clifford conformes et orbites de points de vue d'images." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS013/document.
Full textOur purpose in this work is to introduce representations of image viewpoints and viewpoint changes of a planar object in conformal Clifford algebras. Our important preliminary contribution is a generalization of the conformal model of the Euclidean space through a two-parameter family of horospheres. Each one of these is embedded into a real vector space of dimension 4 equipped with a metric equivalent to the Minkowski metric. We describe two approaches that make use of these generalized conformal models for image representations. These are based on modelings of perspective distortions of the object caused by a variation of the latitude angle of the camera. First, we model the image viewpoints by the horospheres of the Minkowski space of dimension 4. In this setting, the viewpoint changes are linearized through a group of linear conformal transformations of this space. This approach is generalized by describing the viewpoints through the objects of a groupoid whose morphisms are commutative diagrams that model the viewpoint changes. A conformal image is then described as a map defined on a horosphere. The action of the groupoid on the set of conformal images leads us to associate with every planar object the orbit of its conformal images from all viewpoints
Barkatou, My Abdelfattah. "Contribution à l'étude des équations différentielles et aux différences dans le champ complexe." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00332857.
Full textRekik, Donia. "Vers une approche dynamique du processus de la notation souveraine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080062.
Full textThe object of this study is to propose a conceptual and statistical framework to better understand the sovereign rating process. This thesis suggests a multi-levels-approach in the perspective (i) of unveiling the limits of expertise of the credit rating agencies due to the noticed differences and to the rating errors. It will also (ii) conduct a classic reconstitution of the sovereign ratings and (iii) will revisit the rating process according to a dynamic reconstitution of the scores. The results of the classic reconstitution revealed that the ratings of the developing countries showed their economic and financial situation whereas it showed the subjective intervention of the experts when it came to developed countries. Studies conducted in a dynamic perspective are based on the construction and the modeling of the rating migration. A first study driven by the MDS method, has allowed to discover the type of ratings used. The four types of identified systems allow distinguishing the most stable countries from the most vulnerable. A second study has consisted on modeling the rating systems in a context of the scores made through ACD model and an ordered Probit model. The results highlight an acceleration of the lowering score for the episodes especially in times of crisis. The lack of heterogeneity in the model raised awareness regarding the ratings of socioeconomic situations and created an advanced composite index. The rating migration reflect the long-term evolution of a country, they also transmit a more important and a larger informational content than a simple rating
Hespel, Camille. "Extension de l'Anémométrie Phase Doppler à la mesure d'indice de réfraction et développement de la vélocimétrie laser par corrélation." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUES015.
Full textThe aim of numerical and experimental study presented in this thesis is to improve optical diagnostics in order to understand the atomization and evaporation processes. A better understanding of such processes permits a better control of combustion. The evaporation, the thermochemical evolution of droplets and measurements in dense medium are still challenges. The size-velocity correlation in diluted medium is given by Phase Doppler anemometry. The objective of the simulations is to examine the possibility to extend the Phase Doppler Anemometry by refractive index measurement. The proposed extension called Glare Spot Phase Doppler Anemometry is based on the analysis of glare points of reflection and refraction in image plane of a droplet in PDA volume control. The potentialities and limitations of this technique are studied in this thesis. Another difficulty to study the atomization is the strong density of spray close to injector orifice. The Laser Correlation Velocimetry gives the axial velocity of structures, cross a focalised laser beam, by the measurement of a flight time by correlation. During my thesis this technique was validated and established in laboratory
Hespel, Camille. "Extension de l'anémometrie phase Doppler à la mesure d'indice de réfraction et développement de la Vélocimétrie Laser par Corrélation." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00601943.
Full textRaujouan, Thomas. "Surfaces à courbure moyenne constante dans les espaces euclidien et hyperbolique." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR4011.
Full textNon-zero constant mean curvature surfaces are mathematical models for physical interface problems with non-zero pressure difference. They are described by partial differential equations and can be constructed from holomorphic data via a Weierstrass-type representation, called "the DPW method". In this thesis, we use the DPW method and prove two main results. The first one states that perturbations of the DPW data for Delaunay unduloidal ends generate embedded annuli. This can be used to prove the embeddedness of surfaces constructed via the DPW method. The second result is the construction of n-noids in Hyperbolic space: genus 0, embedded, constant mean curvature surfaces with n Delaunay ends
Beau, Mathieu. "Etude théorique du second point critique dans le gaz de Bose." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529394.
Full textMerghni, Lobna. "Propriétés spectrales des opérateurs de composition et opérateurs de Hankel." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0029.
Full textIn this thesis we focus on the composition operators on Hardy and Dirichlet spaces and Hankel operators on spaces of polyanalytiques functions. We are interested in the composition operator on the Dirichlet spaces: $$ mathcal{D}_alpha=left{ f in Hol(D): |f|_alpha^{2}=| f(0)|^{2}+int_{D}| f'(z)| ^{2}dA_alpha(z)