Journal articles on the topic 'Point-to-point races'
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Smith, L. J., G. Tabor, and J. Williams. "A retrospective case control study to investigate race level risk factors associated with horse falls in Irish point-to-point races." Comparative Exercise Physiology 14, no. 2 (June 6, 2018): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep170034.
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Horseracing as a high-risk sport can pose a significant risk to equine welfare. To date no epidemiological reviews of fall risk in horseracing have investigated the risks specific to point-to-point (PTP) racing. This study aimed to identify the main race level risk factors associated with horse falls in Irish PTP and to compare these to published findings for hurdle and steeplechase racing. The study used a retrospective case-control design. Relevant variables were identified and information was collated for all PTP races in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 seasons. Race-level variables were analysed through univariable analysis to inform multivariable model building. A final multivariable logistic regression model was refined, using fall/no fall as the dependent variable, through a backward stepwise process with variables retained if likelihood ratio test P-values were <0.05. During the study period 1,358 PTP races were recorded, 727 races (54%) included at least one horse fall. The fall frequency noted during the current study was 88/1000 starts. Race category impacted the odds of a fall occurring with all categories of maiden races having increased odds of falls compared to open races. Maiden races for 6 year olds and 6 and 7 year olds had the greatest chance of falling with 6.9 times increased odds. The chance of a race containing a fall increased 38% for each additional runner and was reduced by 25% for every horse that pulled up during the race. Using a larger data set could enable further sub-models to be developed. In the current study some of the variables had a low number of cases and/or controls which limited the analysis. Retrospective analysis of fall risk exposed some risk factors that have been previously identified in hurdle and steeplechase racing. The variables identified could inform future research and interventions aimed at improving horse and jockey safety whilst racing.
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Smith, L. J., G. Tabor, and J. Williams. "A retrospective case-control study to investigate horse and jockey level risk factors associated with horse falls in Irish Point-to-Point races." Comparative Exercise Physiology 16, no. 3 (March 23, 2020): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep190054.
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Horse racing as a high-risk sport can pose a significant risk to equine welfare. There have been limited epidemiological reviews of fall risk specific to point-to-point racing. This study aimed to identify horse and jockey level risk factors associated with horse falls and compare these to published findings for Hurdle and Steeplechase racing. The study used a retrospective matched case-control design. Relevant variables were identified, and information was collated for all races in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons. Cases and controls were matched with a 1:3 ratio. Controls (n=2,547) were selected at random from all horses that completed in the same race (n=849). Horse and jockey level variables were analysed through univariable analysis to inform multivariable model building. A final matched case-control multivariable logistic regression model was refined, using fall/no fall as the dependent variable, through a backward stepwise process. Horse age was associated with an increased risk of horse falls. For every 1 unit increase in age there was a 1.2 times increased fall risk. The number of races ran within 12 months was associated with a decreased risk of falling. The jockeys previous seasons percentage wins was associated with the risk of horse falls. Jockeys who had 0-4% wins and 5-9% wins had an increase in risk compared to those who had over 20% wins/runs. The jockeys previous seasons percentage of falls (F) or unseating of the rider (UR) was associated with the risk of horse falls with jockeys who had over 20% F/UR having a 50% increased chance of falling compared to those who had 0-4% F/UR. Retrospective analysis of horse and jockey falls has exposed risk factors that have been previously identified in hurdle and steeplechase racing. Identification of risk factors is essential when considering future research and interventions aimed at improving horse and jockey safety.
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SWYNGHEDAUW, BERNARD. "Human races and evolutionary medicine." European Review 11, no. 3 (July 2003): 437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798703000371.
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Data from the Human Genome Programme has clearly established that the human race is unique. Attempts to identify separately Black, Caucasian and Asian, did not establish a biological basis, which is an interesting socioeconomic point. Evolutionary medicine takes the view that many contemporary diseases are likely to result from the incompatibility between a contemporary lifestyle and dietary habits and the conditions under which the evolutionary pressure had modified our genetic inheritance. The search for gene variants or mutations, which could be associated with arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis and/or cancer, should be directed towards such metabolic genes.
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Fullmer, Elliott, and Rebecca Daniel. "Invisible Coattails: Presidential Approval and Gubernatorial Elections, 1994–2014." Forum 16, no. 2 (July 26, 2018): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/for-2018-0013.
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AbstractHoping to insulate their contests from national politics, thirty-six states hold their gubernatorial elections in national midterm election years. Many scholars have assessed whether presidential evaluations nevertheless have an effect on these races, though findings have varied. We offer a new approach to examining this question, relying on underutilized state-level presidential approval data preceding 143 gubernatorial races across six national midterm election cycles. Accounting for the effects of state ideology, gubernatorial approval, campaign spending, state economic performance, and incumbency, we report that presidential approval has a positive and significant effect on the performance of the presidential party in gubernatorial races. The substantive effects are modest, though still potentially meaningful. In the primary specification, an additional six points of presidential approval is associated with about one additional point of gubernatorial vote share.
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Perera, Modika R., Sharyn P. Taylor, Vivien A. Vanstone, and Michael G. K. Jones. "Protein biomarkers to distinguish oat and lucerne races of the stem nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci, with quarantine significance for Western Australia." Nematology 11, no. 4 (2009): 555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138855409x12465362560557.
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Abstract The stem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci, is a serious pest of forage, horticultural and other crops. The two races of D. dipsaci that occur in Australia are the oat and lucerne races. These two races have the 'normal' morphology compared to the 'giant' type that attacks Vicia faba. The oat and lucerne races have been found in eastern Australia but not in Western Australia. There are no morphological or specific molecular tests to differentiate races within closely related 'normal' types of D. dipsaci. The aim of this work was to find protein biomarkers that would differentiate oat and lucerne races of D. dipsaci using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS), 2-D PAGE and associated proteomics techniques. Three protein biomarkers at m/z 4313 ± 0.1%, 6300 ± 0.1% and 7460 ± 0.1% were found that discriminate the oat and lucerne races of D. dipsaci using MALDI-TOFMS. The biomarker at m/z 4313 ± 0.1% was the prominent race-specific marker for the lucerne race and is almost absent in the oat race. In addition, proteomic maps were obtained by 2-D PAGE of proteins extracted from oat and lucerne races of D. dipsaci. This analysis allowed a comparison of acetone soluble proteins of oat and lucerne races of D. dipsaci. A prominent protein spot was identified with an isoelectric point (pI) of about 5 and molecular mass ca 4.5 kDa for the lucerne race, which was absent in the oat race. This particular protein was trypsin-digested and analysed by MALDI-TOFMS and MALDI-TOF-TOFMS. The resultant spectra of peptide mass fingerprints (PMF) showed two major peptides at m/z 845 ± 0.1%, 916 ± 0.1% and a less intense peptide at m/z 1258 ± 0.1%. De novo sequencing and MS/MS interpreted amino acid sequences are presented.
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Gray, Colin S. "Arms races and other pathetic fallacies: a case for deconstruction." Review of International Studies 22, no. 3 (July 1, 1996): 323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500118571.
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It is only fair to readers that I declare my unusually personal interest in the book that is the principal subject of this review essay. I was a (overall favourable) reviewer of an early version of Plowshares into Swords—albeit for a university press other than the one finally chosen by Grant Hammond—as the author attests in a generous acknowledgement. In addition, and rather more to the point, Hammond suggests strongly that the conceptual provenance of his study owes some debt to a 1971 article of mine. In Hammond's words:
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Cohen, Philip N. "How Troubling Is Our Inheritance? A Review of Genetics and Race in the Social Sciences." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 661, no. 1 (August 10, 2015): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716215587673.
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This article addresses the argument that there is variation between races in the biological basis for social behavior. The article uses Nicholas Wade’s popular book, A Troublesome Inheritance, as the point of departure for a discussion of attendant issues, including the extent to which human races can be definitively demarcated biologically, the extent to which genetics is related to contemporary definitions of race, and the role of natural selection as a possible mechanism for change in modern societies. My critical review of the theory and evidence for an evolutionary view of racial determinism finds that genetics does not explain the relative status and well-being of today’s racially identified groups or their broader societies.
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Moala, Jale. "Copy versus custom." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 7, no. 1 (September 1, 2001): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v7i1.698.
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The coup polarised the races in Fiji— or so it seemed, thus creating a situation in which many reporters found it difficult to focus on the issues from a totally impartial point of view. They were swept away by the euphoria of the moment and the tension and the emotion that charged the event. This was true of both indigenous Fijian and Indo-Fijian reporters.
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Yin, Chang Shik, Hi-Joon Park, Jung-Chul Seo, Sabina Lim, and Hyeong-Gyun Koh. "An Evaluation of the Cun Measurement System of Acupuncture Point Location." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 33, no. 05 (January 2005): 729–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x05003284.
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Locating acupuncture points reliably and reproducibly is indispensable for the scientific research of acupuncture and for assuring the best care of patients. Unreliable point location can produce confounding results for acupuncture research and clinical practice. Two traditional methods of point location are currently used, directional (F-cun) and proportional (B-cun) methods, which are collectively called the cun measurement system. Reports have been published on the validity of the cun measurement system in Australian subjects; however, as acupuncture originated in ancient East China, it is possible that anthropometric data may differ in Asian people and other races. Therefore, we measured anthropometric data according to the cun measurement system in contemporary Korean patients. The F-cun measurements were significantly different from the B-cun measurements and varied significantly according to the arbitrarily selected F-cun standard. In addition, we observed further differences of F-cun measurements in the extremities of obese subjects. We concluded that the F-cun method is unreliable and that further research should be conducted to determine a more accurate point-locating method primarily based on the B-cun method.
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Paperny, M. L. "Jewish woman's basin. A living full-term Jewish child." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 11, no. 3 (December 22, 2020): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd113281-290.
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Already in the first half of this century, attention was drawn to the extremely important and interesting fact that the size and shape of the pelvis of an adult woman are significantly different in individuals belonging to different races, peoples, tribes. This phenomenon is especially important from the obstetric point of view, was subsequently confirmed by the works of numerous authors and is now considered a fact beyond any doubt.
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Kokhmetova, A. M., N. M. Kovalenko, and M. T. Kumarbaeva. "Pyrenophora tritici-repentis population structure in the Republic of Kazakhstan and identification of wheat germplasm resistant to tan spot." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 24, no. 7 (December 6, 2020): 722–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vj20.666.
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Pyrenophora tritici-repentis is a causative agent of tan spot in wheat. In recent years, there has been an increasing spread and harmfulness of wheat tan spot. The aim of the research was to study the racial composition of the P. tritici-repentis population in the Republic of Kazakhstan. A collection of 30 common wheat accessions, including promising lines and cultivars from Kazakhstan and CIMMYT–ICARDA, was assessed for resistance to P. triticirepentis in a greenhouse and characterized using the Xfcp623 molecular marker, diagnostic for the Tsn1 gene. Monosporic isolates of P. tritici-repentis isolated from the southeastern region were assigned to certain races based on the manifestation of symptoms of necrosis/chlorosis on standard differentials (Glenlea, 6B662, 6B365). Five races of P. tritici-repentis have been identified, including races 1, 2, 3, 7 and 8. It has been shown that races 1 and 8 of P. tritici-repentis are dominant. As a result of the analysis of the frequency of occurrence of the P. tritici-repentis races, it was found that race 1 (50 %) producing Ptr ToxA and Ptr ToxB and race 8 (35 %) producing Ptr ToxA, Ptr ToxB and Ptr ToxC turned out to be dominant. From a practical point of view, of greatest interest are 16 wheat samples, which demonstrated resistance to race 1 and confirmed insensitivity to Ptr ToxA in a molecular screening. These include eight Kazakhstani (4_PSI, 10204_2_KSI, 10204_3_KSI, 10205_2_KSI, 10205_3_KSI, 605_SP2, 632_SP2, Dana) and seven foreign lines (KR11-20, KR11-03, KR11-9014, 11KR-13, KR12-9025, KR12-07, GN-68/2003). The results of this study are of interest in wheat breeding programs for tan spot resistance.
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Lepeshko, E. S., and T. V. Usatenko. "Evaluation of the sunflower samples collection of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) by economically valuable traits in the Azov zone of the Rostov region." Oil Crops 2, no. 190 (June 30, 2022): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25230/2412-608x-2022-2-190-30-35.
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An all-round overcrowding of a crop rotation with sunflower sowings caused the accumulation of infectious matters of many diseases affecting this crop in agrocoenoses and the appearance of the more virulent races of the pathogens. There are reports on infestation of sunflower sowings by a rust pathogen Puccinia helianthi Schwein. The studying of the race composition showed the presence of more aggressive races. This required for the development of sunflower breeding material resistant to the wide spread races of this pathogen. The sunflower collection of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) contains samples being the sources of resistance to rust. We studied valuable for breeding traits of 57 sunflower samples. The works were conducted on fields of the Don experimental station according to the methods developed in the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK). A level of susceptibility to rust was determined due to the 5-point scale by Melchers and Parker. The samples belonged to four maturity groups, among them the early maturing samples prevailed. A plant height varied from 80 to 240 cm depending on a genotype. These data certifies the studied samples can be used in crosses to develop new parent material. Excessive precipitations at the end of July and at mid-August conditions the huge spreading of rust pathogen in sunflower sowings. A level of infection was maximal in July – August. The sunflower samples from the collection divided by susceptibility to rust pathogen as following: five ones had maximal level of infection of 4 points, eight samples – 3 points, five ones – 2 points, 29 ones – 1 point, ten samples were not infected. The samples from the collection with had no symptoms of disease can be used in breeding to develop parent material resistant to rust pathogen on sunflower.
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DEZMIREAN, Daniel Severus, Liviu Alexandru MARGHITAȘ, Otilia BOBIȘ, Adriana Cristina URCAN, Horatiu DEZMIREAN, Claudia PAȘCA, and Adela Ramona MOISE. "Multidirectional Activities for Gene Pool Conservation in GCEARS-PSP." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Animal Science and Biotechnologies 75, no. 1 (May 19, 2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-asb:000218.
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The Global Centre of Excellence for Advance Research in Sericulture and Promotion of Silk Production (GCEARS-PSP), recognised by ISC since 2014, was created with the main purposes: development of advanced research in sericulture and diagnostic services using modern techniques, achievement of a gene pool of different silkworms races and promotion of silk production. The objective of this study was to characterize the races from the GCEARS-PSP, in order to conserve the most valuable and resistant ones. This characterisation is a part of GCEARS-PSP’s strategy for the revival and development of sericulture and silk production in Romania. The GCEARS-PSP represents an important point of reference for Romanian sericulture. The experimental data described showed a good prospective for a proper functioning of the research centre and the obtained results are promising for the next lines of research.
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Sadasivaiah, R. S., and J. B. Thomas. "SWS-52 soft white spring wheat." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 71, no. 2 (April 1, 1991): 531–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps91-077.
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SWS-52 has higher grain yield potential than Fielder and Owens, combined with resistance to prevalent races of stripe rust and moderate resistance to black point and bunt. It matures 5–6 d later than Fielder and Owens and has good resistance to lodging and moderate resistance to shattering. Compared with Fielder and Owens, it has a higher falling number accompanied by lower α-amylase and better sprouting resistance. SWS-52, however, has slightly stronger gluten and thus marginal cookie quality. Key words: Wheat, Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description
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Rodríguez, Luis, Santiago Veiga, Iker García, and José M. González-Ravé. "Stroking Rates of Open Water Swimmers during the 2019 FINA World Swimming Championships." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (June 25, 2021): 6850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136850.
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The aim of the present research was to examine the stroking rate (SR) values of successful and non-successful swimmers in the 10 km and 25 km races of the FINA 2019 World Swimming Championships. Data from 175 participants (95 men and 80 female) were classified according to their finishing positions. There were no meaningful differences in the overall SR values displayed by successful or non-successful participants during the 10 km and 25 km open water races of the FINA 2019 World Swimming Championships. However, there were changes in the SR throughout the races that depended on the swimmer’s performance group and gender. Successful swimmers in the 10 km event typically displayed even SR in the first 5 km but, unlike the remaining performance groups, increased their SR at some point in the second 5 km of the race. In the 25 km race, successful female swimmers presented an even SR profile for most of the race, whereas successful males presented a more variable profile. Nevertheless, no relationships between partial or average SR and finishing positions occurred, either in the 10 km or in the 25 km race. Changes in the SR values should be included in the race plan of open water swimmers according to tactical and pacing strategies.
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Chen, Lihai, Ao Tan, Lixiu Yang, Xiaoxu Pang, and Ming Qiu. "Defect Size Evaluation of Cylindrical Roller Bearings with Compound Faults on the Inner and Outer Races." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (September 21, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6070822.
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Faults in cylindrical roller bearings are one of the main contributors to major faults in rotating machinery. The development of bearing fault diagnosis technologies is key to measuring the performance, status, and risk of failure of rolling-element bearings and has attracted extensive attention from industry and academia. When faults arise, they are often not a single fault but a compound fault, such as the simultaneous failure of the inner and outer races. In this paper, a method for evaluating the size of compound faults on the inner and outer races of cylindrical roller bearings is proposed. The dynamic modeling method developed by Gupta is employed to create a dynamic model for compound faults on the inner and outer rings of rolling bearings that allows the time domain signal of the vibration responses of compound faults on the inner and outer races to be obtained. Adopting an improved continuous harmonic wavelet packet decomposition method for the decomposition and reconstruction of the compound fault signal, we arrive at the corresponding single-point fault signal. The relationship between defect size and key metrics of the vibration, such as root mean square acceleration (RMS), peak, crest factor (CF), kurtosis, and level crossing rate (LCR), is investigated. The results show that there is a strong linear correlation between LCR and defect size, which can be used to evaluate the size of the defect. Experimental data for cylindrical roller bearings with compound faults on the inner and outer races are examined to verify the results.
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Keskin, Sevgi Coşkun. "Problems and Their Solutions in a Multicultural Environment According to Pre-service Social Studies Teachers." Journal of Education and Training Studies 6, no. 7 (June 27, 2018): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i7.3292.
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Multiculturalism that is a natural consequence of the phenomenon of globalization is a reality that nations cannot ignore nowadays. The social studies course is of special importance at the point of multicultural education. Therefore, there is a need to educate teachers who will teach this lesson consciously and sensitively. This study was conducted to describe problems in a multicultural environment and solution proposals to them based on the discourses of pre-service social studies teachers. The phenomenological approach among qualitative research methods was used in the study. A semi-structured interview form was applied to 110 pre-service social studies teachers. As a result of the coding performed by taking expert opinions, it was determined that the vast majority of the pre-service teachers attributed meanings such as multinational population, the diversity of cultural values, and different races, languages, religions and ethnic structures to multiculturalism. At the point of problems in a multicultural environment, it was observed that they emphasized conflict, social differentiation and division, assimilation, constraints, difficulty of communication and cultural erosion. In the solution of these problems, they suggested regarding differences as wealth and providing education that contains multicultural values.
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Herreshoff, Halsey C. "A History of America's Cup Yacht Racing." Marine Technology and SNAME News 29, no. 02 (April 1, 1992): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1992.29.2.51.
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The 140-year history of the America's Cup, the oldest and most distinguished prize in world sport, is summarized from the author's vantage point of belonging to a family of boat designers and builders who contributed to the total dominance of American yachts from the beginning into the 1980s. Particulars and performance of the most important designs are illustrated. The sensational quarrel in the 1980s over how the design rules should be interpreted, culminating in the bizarre race of 1988, is described. The new International America's Cup Class is evaluated for the 1992 event in San Diego and future races.
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Slater, Timothy F., and Richard L. Sanchez. "Evaluating K-16 Student Engagement In STEM-based Drone Racing." Journal of Astronomy & Earth Sciences Education (JAESE) 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jaese.v8i2.10405.
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Increasing the number of students interested in pursuing careers in STEM, computer science, and technology is of widespread interest to education stakeholders. Yet, despite the tremendous amount of human and fiscal resources directed at increasing the STEM, CS, and CTE career pipelines, numbers are less than satisfying. In a purposeful effort to create a more rapid onramp to high tech careers, the project team implemented a series of competitive, quadcopter drone races for students. In these races, student drone pilots race through a timed obstacle course to determine which pilots navigate the challenge in the shortest amount of time. These events that served as a focal point for motivating students to learn about drone technology, encouraging students to develop precision flight skills, and providing educators both inside and outside of formal classrooms with a foundational structure to increase the quantity and quality of technology education. Assessment of students’ and educators’ perceptions suggest that the developed program provided a low barrier to entry and engagement pathway for students to become more deeply engaged in technology.
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Fischer, R., U. Müller, and U. Bergfeld. "Genetische Beziehungen für das Merkmal Lebenstagszunahme in einem Dreirassenkreuzungsprogramm beim Schwein." Archives Animal Breeding 45, no. 5 (October 10, 2002): 481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-45-481-2002.
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Abstract. Title of the paper: Genetic association for daily gain (lifetime) in an crossbreeding program The aim of this investigation is an analysis of the crossing structure of a three-race crossing program and the genetic relations with respect to the trait average daily gain. For this purpose we examine the genetic relations for their usefulness for a estimation of genetic parameters and breeding values. Finally a parameter estimation is carried out. The data basis consists of 1757 German Large White performances, 34980 Landrace performances and 2775 Pietrain performances in pure breed as well as 92757 performances of the crossings of the mother lines and altogether 13854 Pietrain crossings (1997 PI x DL and 11857 PI x DEDL). The heritabilities for the variable daily gain are in the range from 0.17 to 0.31. The genetic correlations between the mother races and their crossbreedings are around 0.9. Between the pure Pietrain and the Pietrain crossings these values reach only 0.7. Within the two groups of crossings with Pietrains the genetic correlations are almost one. From the genetic point of view it is possible to put together the mother races and their crossings as well as the Pietrain crossings. Thus, for this trait it is sufficient to consider a three variable model with separate investigation of the mother races, the Pietrains and the Pietrain crossings.
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Stellingwerff, Trent, Ingvill Måkestad Bovim, and Jamie Whitfield. "Contemporary Nutrition Interventions to Optimize Performance in Middle-Distance Runners." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 29, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0241.
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Middle-distance runners utilize the full continuum of energy systems throughout training, and given the infinite competition tactical scenarios, this event group is highly complex from a performance intervention point of view. However, this complexity results in numerous potential periodized nutrition interventions to optimize middle-distance training adaptation and competition performance. Middle-distance race intensity is extreme, with 800- to 5,000-m races being at ∼95% to 130% of VO2max. Accordingly, elite middle-distance runners have primarily Type IIa/IIx fiber morphology and rely almost exclusively on carbohydrate (primarily muscle glycogen) metabolic pathways for producing adenosine triphosphate. Consequently, the principle nutritional interventions that should be emphasized are those that optimize muscle glycogen contents to support high glycolytic flux (resulting in very high lactate values, of >20 mmol/L in some athletes) with appropriate buffering capabilities, while optimizing power to weight ratios, all in a macro- and microperiodized manner. From youth to elite level, middle-distance athletes have arduous racing schedules (10–25 races/year), coupled with excessive global travel, which can take a physical and emotional toll. Accordingly, proactive and integrated nutrition planning can have a profound recovery effect over a long race season, as well as optimizing recovery during rounds of championship racing. Finally, with evidence-based implementation and an appropriate risk/reward assessment, several ergogenic aids may have an adaptive and/or performance-enhancing effect in the middle-distance athlete. Given that elite middle-distance athletes undertake ∼400 to 800 training sessions with 10–25 races/year, there are countless opportunities to implement various periodized acute and chronic nutrition-based interventions to optimize performance.
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Bačík, Vladimír, and Michal Klobučník. "History of Tour de France from the Geographical Point of View." Sport Science Review 22, no. 3-4 (August 1, 2013): 255–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ssr-2013-0013.
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Abstract The Tour de France, a three week bicycle race has a unique place in the world of sports. The 100th edition of the event took place in 2013. In the past of 110 years of its history, people noticed unique stories and duels in particular periods, celebrities that became legends that the world of sports will never forget. Also many places where the races unfolded made history in the Tour de France. In this article we tried to point out the spatial context of this event using advanced technologies for distribution of historical facts over the Internet. The Introduction briefly displays the attendance of a particular stage based on a regional point of view. The main topic deals with selected historical aspects of difficult ascents which every year decide the winner of Tour de France, and also attract fans from all over the world. In the final stage of the research, the distribution of results on the website available to a wide circle of fans of this sports event played a very significant part (www.tdfrance.eu). Using advanced methods and procedures we have tried to capture the historical and spatial dimensions of Tour de France in its general form and thus offering a new view of this unique sports event not only to the expert community, but for the general public as well.
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Adamczak, S., and P. Zmarzły. "Influence of raceway waviness on the level of vibration in rolling-element bearings." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 65, no. 4 (August 1, 2017): 541–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bpasts-2017-0059.
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AbstractThis paper provides a quantitative analysis of how raceway waviness (RONt) in 6304-type bearings affects their vibration. The waviness of bearing races was measured at the actual points of contact between the balls and the races. The measurements were conducted in the range of 16–50 undulations per revolution (UPR). The bearing vibration was analyzed in three bandwidths of frequency: low (LB) (50 ÷ 300 Hz), medium MB (300 ÷ 1800 Hz) and high HB (1800 ÷ 10 000 Hz), as well as in the full RMS bandwidth. The paper also presents the procedure used to determine the actual points of contact between the ball and each race to specify the point of waviness measurement. The method of calculation of the contact angle for a ball bearing is also discussed. The Pearson linear correlation coefficients were determined to analyze the relationships between the waviness parameters and the level of vibration. The test results show that an increase in the surface waviness on the inner and outer raceways causes an increase in the vibration level. The influence is most visible for the medium frequency bandwidth.
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Peckover, Sean, Aldo Raineri, and Aaron T. Scanlan. "Implementation of Congestion-Related Controls Improves Runner Density, Flow Rate, Perceived Safety, and Satisfaction during an Australian Running Event." Sports 10, no. 9 (August 31, 2022): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports10090132.
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This study examined the impact of congestion-related controls on runner density, flow rate, perceived safety, and satisfaction during an Australian running event. Runner congestion was compared between races organized at the Sunshine Coast Marathon and Running Festival in 2019 without controls and in 2021 with added controls, including modifications to the start corral design and use of wave starts. Following a mixed-method design, runner congestion was quantitatively measured via determining runner density and flow rate in the start corrals with video analyses, while post-event surveys were used to gather qualitative evidence regarding the prevalence of congestion and its impact on runner safety and satisfaction. Descriptive analyses for quantitative data showed runner density (1.48–3.01 vs. 0.52–1.20 runners per m2) and flow rate (102–152 vs. 36–59 runners per min per m) were reduced across races with controls. Regarding qualitative data, Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney rank-sum tests demonstrated a significantly (p < 0.01) lower prevalence of congestion was perceived on course while running, alongside a reduced (p = 0.08) perceived impact of congestion on event satisfaction across races with controls. Furthermore, descriptive analyses for qualitative data showed a reduced proportion of runners indicated the start corrals were “somewhat” to “extremely” (rating of at least 3 on a 5-point scale) congested upon race commencement with controls (64% vs. 75%), and perceived safety (10% vs. 17%) and satisfaction (17% vs. 30%) were “somewhat” to “extremely” impacted by congestion across races with controls. Adopting suitable start corral designs with wave starts may enable race directors to reduce runner congestion to enhance continued participation among the public and viability of their running events.
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Puiu, George Constantin, and Vasile Puiu. "The Influence of the Operating Conditions on the Lubrication Regimes of Ball Screws." Applied Mechanics and Materials 371 (August 2013): 581–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.371.581.
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In point contact related applications (ball bearings, ball-screws) the minimum and the central film thickness of lubricant have a particular importance. The literature presents various numerical solutions to determine these parameters in the case of elliptical contacts [1-4]. Most of them refer to the fully developed elastohydrodynamic lubrication regime (EHD). Hamrock [5] proposes four different lubrication regimes depending on the size and importance of two physical phenomena that occur in contact: elastic deformation of the bodies in contact under a given load and lubricant viscosity variation of contact pressure. These four lubrication regimes have specific relations for calculating the two parameters. Also, Hamrock [5] develops a methodology for identifying the lubrication regime in a point contact, depending on three dimensionless parameters: the ellipticity parameter; the viscosity parameter; the elasticity parameter. According to the viscosity and elasticity parameters, for each value of the ellipticity parameter a map of lubrication regimes can be built. These parameters are influenced by the materials and geometry of the bodies in contact and operating conditions. By using the methodology [5] a comprehensive analysis regarding the lubrication regimes in contacts between balls and races of a ball screw drive has been done. Thus, a complex program to draw lubrication regimes maps, starting from an imposed geometry and from given operating conditions, has been developed. The developed maps have revealed the different lubrication regimes that can occur in contacts between the balls and races on the screw and nut. It was also revealed, for a given type of screw, which are the load and speed limits that allow transition from an isoviscous-rigid regime of lubrication (IVR) / hydrodynamic (HD) to an elastohydrodynamic lubrication regime (EHD). For each lubrication regime, relations were used for calculating the appropriate minimum thickness of lubricant film, hence the major importance of accurate knowledge of lubrication regime.
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Paniagua, Freddy A. "Implications of the United States Census 2000 in Analyzing and Reporting New Findings of Disparities in Health." Psychological Reports 97, no. 1 (August 2005): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.97.1.29-32.
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This paper argues that, when analyzing and reporting new findings of disparities in health, two areas from the recent U.S. Census of 2000 should be considered for those findings to be meaningful. The first is to avoid analyzing and reporting findings of disparity with an emphasis on the term “Hispanic” and instead to specify the particular Hispanic group from which such findings were collected, such as Mexican-American versus Cuban communities. The second point is that such findings should also take into consideration combination of two or more races. For example, reporting would allow for multiple groupings for respondents who consider themselves African American and White, or African American, Asian, and White.
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Cammack, Rex G., and Paul Hunt. "Using Internet Streamed Data for Sport Visualization." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-36-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In many modern sports, athlete tracking for athlete performance analysis is a common practice. Most of the time this athlete tracking is done during training sessions. At some World Tour cycling races the broadcasting company and race organizers use athlete tracking data during race events for various graphical for fans of the sport. This research attempt to use the race real time broadcast of data to produce a web mapping application that will show detailed cycling race tactics and other mapping forms in near real time. This research focuses on data flow and processing for dynamic mapping of complex point data patterns.</p>
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Muhammad, Ashiq, Salah Ud Din Khan, and Safdar luqman. "Sports Transcend Multiculturalism & Negate Racism." Global Physical Education & Sports Sciences Review I, no. I (December 30, 2018): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpessr.2018(i-i).03.
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The study inspects sports performance as a tool of living together inside any community despite of variation in their sects, castes, cultures, religion and races. The study aimed to check the role of sports Transcend Multiculturalism & Negate Racism. The population was stakeholders of the same community possessed above variations. Stratified sample was as a sample technique. The study was furnished through Questionnaire with five point Likert scale having objectives regarding role of sports in multiculturalism and negation of racism. Descriptive research approach with cross-sectional design was used for the current study. The study showed significant role of sports in maintaining cross-culture relation, living happily with no notion of racism.
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Young, Andrew, Cathy Miller, Elizabeth Gregory, and Ann Langston. "Sporophytic self-incompatibility in diploid and tetraploid races of Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides (Asteraceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 48, no. 5 (2000): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt99024.
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Controlled pollinations were used to examine the mating system of diploid and tetraploid individuals of the endangered grassland herb Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides F.Muell. Crosses among unrelated plants gave 1.5–2 times as many fruit as crosses between plants that were half-sibs, while selfed crosses generally resulted in no fruit. Three classes of compatibility reaction were observed within outcross treatments: (1) reciprocal compatibility, (2) one-way compatibility and (3) reciprocal incompatibility. This is diagnostic of sporophytic control of self-incompatibility, which is characteristic of the Asteraceae. This is supported by the occurrence of a dry stigma and trinucleate pollen. Analysis of the behaviour of self- and outcross pollen on the stigma by using fluorescence microscopy shows that rejection of self-pollen does not all occur at one point but at a number of stages, with cumulative reductions in the adherence of pollen to the stigma, pollen germination, pollen tube penetration of the stigma and fertilisation. On the basis of both fruit set and pollen behaviour data, for any level of relatedness, tetraploid plants are about 20% less likely to be compatible with each other than diploid plants. This presumably reflects the greater likelihood of matching S alleles given the greater potential for polymorphism at the individual level. The occurrence of two plants, one diploid and one tetraploid, that set large amounts of fruit on selfing shows that self-incompatibility can break down.
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Navas-Cortés, Juan A., Bernhard Hau, and Rafael M. Jiménez-Díaz. "Yield Loss in Chickpeas in Relation to Development of Fusarium Wilt Epidemics." Phytopathology® 90, no. 11 (November 2000): 1269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2000.90.11.1269.
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Development of 108 epidemics of Fusarium wilt of chickpea caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris were studied on cvs. P-2245 and PV-61 in field microplots artificially infested with races 0 and 5 of F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris in 1986 to 1989. Disease progression data were fitted to the Richards model using nonlinear regression. The shape parameter was influenced primarily by date of sowing and, to a lesser extent, by chick-pea cultivars and races of F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. Fusarium wilt reduced chickpea yield by decreasing both seed yield and seed weight. These effects were related to sowing date, chickpea cultivar, and virulence of the prevalent F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris race. Regression models were developed to relate chickpea yield to Fusarium wilt disease intensity with the following independent variables: time to initial symptoms (tis), time to inflection point (tip) of the disease intensity index (DII) progress curve, final DII (DIIfinal), standardized area under DII progress curve (SAUDPC), and the Richards weighted mean absolute rate of disease progression (rho). Irrespective of the chickpea cultivar × pathogen race combination, the absolute and relative seed yields decreased primarily by delayed sowing. The relative seed yield increased with the delay in tis and tip and decreased with increasing DIIfinal, SAUDPC, and rho. A response surface as developed in which seed yield loss decreased in a linear relationship with the delay in tis and increased exponentially with the increase of rho.
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Pumar, Enrique S. "The Differential Attainment Rate among Latina Students: A Comparative Analysis of Recent Trends in Educational Achievements across Gender between 2005 and 2020." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (December 3, 2021): 13399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313399.
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Grounded on educational achievement data between 2005 and 2020 from the Digest of Educational Statistics, this paper makes the point that despite considerable academic achievements, Latinas continue to underperform when compared to women of other races and ethnicities while concurrently outscoring Latinos. When differential attainment rates are disaggregated among co-ethnics Latinas, there is enough evidence to suggest that national development and quality of life, particularly the rate of women’s participation in secondary schooling, condition the association between ethnicity, gender, and educational achievement. Besides contributing to the literature and methodology of transition rates, the research supports the advocacy for more inclusive and equitable educational attainment announced in Sustainable Development Goal 4 and it suggests that more attention should be paid to how transnationalism affects education.
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Kumail, Ihsan Abdullah, Ghazwan Hasan Jasim, and Muaziz Abdul Maleh. "The prevalence of recurrent aphthous ulcers among primary school students in Nasiriya City south Iraq." International journal of health sciences 6, S1 (March 11, 2022): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns1.4745.
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Recurrent aphthous ulcers address an exceptionally normal yet ineffectively comprehended mucosal problem. They happen in people, everything being equal, races and geographic districts. It is assessed that no less than 1 of every 5 people has to some degree whenever been burdened with aphthous ulcers. Aphthous ulcers were found in 2% of an aggregate of 4.562 students matured between 6-12 years or more inspected in primary schools understudies of Nasiriya city south of Iraq. At the point when a background marked by two years was thought of, the pervasiveness was 12.7%. A little power was found for females. The more youthful bunches appear the most elevated prevalences of idiomatic expressions, which then, at that point, diminished consistently with age. Meetings were led with a negligible portion of the populace involving 300 understudies as to their encounters of RAU. Hence, instance, the normal number of scenes each year was a few and the most predominant time for recuperating 3-7 days. between the elements thought by students to recurrence the condition, contracting a bug was accounted for as the fundamental one, trailed by GIT issues and shedding of essential teeth genital mucosa portrayed by the rehashed improvement of one to numerous discrete.
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Du, Yujin, and Dan Cui. "A Study of Gurnah’s Memory Narrative and Diaspora Identity." Communication, Society and Media 5, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/csm.v5n2p1.
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The Nobel Prize for Literature has been won by 70-year-old Tanzanian novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah for “his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugees in the gulf between cultures and continents”. “Refugees” highlights the issue of identity, while the transferring of cultural continent highlights diaspora, and memory narrative is a characteristic of his writing, which can be adopted to explore the symptoms of identity exfoliation and diaspora. This paper, by focusing on the theories of memory and diaspora identity from the perspective of Gurnah’s memory narrative, aims to explore the racial identity, focusing on the antagonism and hatred between races in the post-colonial context, the hybrid identity in the context of family diaspora, the social identity in the context of group culture, and the female identity in the development of individuality.Memory is an important texture that underlines Gurnah’s writing and his perception and deep thinking on identity provides a multidimensional entry point for the international literary world with unique personal characteristics and humanistic care in the global context. Racial identity, focusing on the antagonism and hatred between races; hybrid identity, the impotence of immigrants, unable to establish their own identity; social identity, the alienation of marginalized people and the young generation’s powerless sense of colonial culture; female identity, women’s weightlessness under gender pressure.
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Devi, Aulia Diana, and Seka Andrean. "IMPLEMENTASI PENDEKATAN TEOLOGIS NORMATIF DALAM PLURALISME BERAGAMA DI INDONESIA." TA'LIM : Jurnal Studi Pendidikan Islam 4, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.52166/talim.v4i1.2193.
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This paper aims to describe the normative theological approach to religious pluralism in Indonesia. Research methods are used with the library study approach through library sources from various sources of literature on normative theological approaches in religious pluralism. Then analyzed and presented the data findings objectively. The result of this research is the implementation of normative approaches in religious pluralism in Indonesia through two elements, namely; first, uphold religious tolerance by respecting each other and respecting each other among other religions according to the practice of pancasila. second, the attitude of help in religion manifested in the form of mutual gotong royong in helping others in order to realize the welfare of each other's lives. This means that religious pluralism is an important point in people's lives in Indonesia that have different populations of different races, tribes, ethnicities, and religions.
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Davaanyam, Khulan, Franziska Wolff, and Ranya Khalaf. "Developments in German Criminal Law: Speed Merchant or Murderer? The Ku’Damm Road Race Case and the New Criminal Legislation Regulating Illegal Motor Racing." German Law Journal 22, no. 2 (March 2021): 288–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/glj.2021.9.
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AbstractThe Regional Court of Berlin (Landgericht (LG) Berlin) was the first court in Germany to mete out a life sentence for murder—pursuant to § 211 German Criminal Code (StGB)—to two men convicted of killing an uninvolved driver whose car they hit while they were participating in an illegal car race on a public highway. Upon their convictions, the defendants appealed to the German Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof; BGH) claiming that they did not intend to kill the person and were thus acting without the necessary mens rea for murder. The question whether or not the case could be qualified as murder, and thus whether or not the existence of a killing with intent had been sufficiently proven by the LG Berlin, was the subject of several appeals and retrials. In its latest decision, the BGH confirmed the murder conviction of one of the defendants, while quashing the other defendant’s conviction and issuing a retrial. This case caused ripples amongst legal scholars as it called for the toughest possible sanctions to be imposed. However, whether the conduct qualifies as murder remains questionable. As a reaction to several similar cases of illegal car races in recent years, the German parliament subsequently passed a new law—§ 315d StGB—proscribing illegal vehicle races, thereby penalizing the participation, organization, or carrying out of an illegal vehicle race. Until that point there had been no provision criminalizing illegal racing.
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Randhawa, H. S., R. J. Graf, and R. S. Sadasivaiah. "AAC Indus soft white spring wheat." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 95, no. 4 (July 2015): 793–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps-2015-026.
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Randhawa, H. S., Graf, R. J. and Sadasivaiah, R. S. 2015. AAC Indus soft white spring wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 793–797. AAC Indus is a soft white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar that meets the end-use quality specifications of the Canada Western Soft White Spring (CWSWS) class. AAC Indus is adapted to the irrigated wheat-growing regions of southern Alberta and southern Saskatchewan, and for dryland production in the western prairies. AAC Indus had higher (P≤0.05) grain yield under dryland conditions than all of the check cultivars. AAC Indus exhibited excellent straw strength and was 2 d later in maturity. AAC Indus exhibited good levels of resistance to the prevalent races of stripe rust and powdery, mildew and intermediate reactions to kernel black point and leaf rust. AAC Indus was susceptible to stem rust, common bunt, loose smut and Fusarium head blight.
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Zhang, J., M. Steenackers, V. Storme, S. Neyrinck, M. Van Montagu, T. Gerats, and W. Boerjan. "Fine Mapping and Identification of Nucleotide Binding Site/Leucine-Rich Repeat Sequences at the MER Locus in Populus deltoides ‘S9-2’." Phytopathology® 91, no. 11 (November 2001): 1069–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2001.91.11.1069.
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Melampsora larici-populina is the most damaging leaf pathogen for poplar in Europe. Previous genetic analyses have revealed both qualitative and quantitative resistance to this fungus. As a starting point for positional cloning of the gene or genes conferring qualitative resistance to M. larici-populina races E1, E2, and E3, a local genetic map of the Melampsora resistance (MER) locus was constructed based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Eleven AFLP markers were identified by bulked segregant analysis. These markers were used to identify 17 recombinants at the MER locus, from a total of 512 progenies derived from three interspecific crosses involving the same resistant female parent, Populus deltoides ‘S9-2’. The local genetic map covered a 3.4-centimorgan interval encompassing the target locus. Sequence analysis of these AFLP markers revealed similarities to the nucleotide binding site/leucine-rich repeat class of disease resistance genes.
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Nordhaus, William, John R. Oneal, and Bruce Russett. "The Effects of the International Security Environment on National Military Expenditures: A Multicountry Study." International Organization 66, no. 3 (July 2012): 491–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818312000173.
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AbstractWe consider the influence of countries' external security environments on their military spending. We first estimate the ex ante probability that a country will become involved in a fatal militarized interstate dispute using a model of dyadic conflict that incorporates key elements of liberal and realist theories of international relations. We then estimate military spending as a function of the threat of armed interstate conflict and other influences: arms races, the defense expenditures of friendly countries, actual military conflict, democracy, civil war, and national economic output. In a panel of 165 countries, 1950 to 2000, we find our prospectively generated estimate of the external threat to be a powerful variable in explaining military spending. A 1 percentage point increase in the aggregate probability of a fatal militarized dispute, as predicted by our liberal-realist model, leads to a 3 percent increase in a country's military expenditures.
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Benedetto, Marco Alberto De, and Maria De Paola. "Candidates’ Education and Turnout: Evidence from Italyn Municipal Elections." German Economic Review 18, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 22–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geer.12084.
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Abstract We analyze the impact that the educational level of candidates running for the position of mayor has on electoral turnout by using a large dataset for Italyn municipal elections held between 1993 and 2011. We firstly estimate a municipality fixed effects model and show that the median education of candidates standing in an election is positively correlated with turnout. To handle endogeneity issues arising from the unobservable time variant features of electoral races, we build on the literature which shows that politicians’ educational level is positively affected by their wage and apply a Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Design on the basis of the fact that the wages of mayors in Italy increase non-monotonically at different thresholds. Results show that an exogenous increase in the median educational level of candidates, induced by a higher wage, leads to an increase in turnout of about 1 percentage point.
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Angosto Sánchez, Salvador, José María López Gullón, and Arturo Díaz Suárez. "La calidad percibida por los participantes en dos ediciones de una carrera popular." Intangible Capital 12, no. 3 (June 20, 2016): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/ic.782.
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Purpose: The present research is based on assessing the participants’ perceived quality in two editions of a middle distance popular race, examining the different characteristics these type of events.Design/methodology/approach: The study was conducted through a perceived quality questionnaire for popular races breaking it down into the different factors identified in previous studies. The questionnaire was administered to participants in each of the editions by email.Findings: The results of this study indicated a decrease in the valuation of the perceived quality of the second edition, where the personal factor was the most valued in both editions. Women had a better opinion than men in both events and in all dimensions.Originality/value: The perceived quality analysis from the participants’ point of view will help the sports organizers and companies, public or private, engaged in the sporting events management to be more efficient and have better organization.
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de Gonzalo-Calvo, David, Alberto Dávalos, Ana Montero, Ángela García-González, Iryna Tyshkovska, Antonio González-Medina, Sara M. A. Soares, et al. "Circulating inflammatory miRNA signature in response to different doses of aerobic exercise." Journal of Applied Physiology 119, no. 2 (July 15, 2015): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00077.2015.
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While moderate acute exercise has been associated with strong anti-inflammatory mechanisms, strenuous exercise has been linked to deleterious inflammatory perturbations. It is therefore fundamental to elucidate the mechanisms that regulate the exercise-induced inflammatory cascade. Information on novel regulators such as circulating inflammatory microRNAs (c-inflammamiRs) is incomplete. In this study, we evaluated the response of a panel of c-inflammamiRs to different doses of acute aerobic exercise. We first studied the exercise-induced inflammatory cascade in serum samples of nine active middle-aged males immediately before and after (0 h, 24 h, 72 h) 10-km, half-marathon, and marathon races. Next, we analyzed the circulating profile of 106 specific c-inflammamiRs immediately before) and after (0 h, 24 h) 10-km (low inflammatory response) and marathon (high inflammatory response) races. Analysis of classical inflammatory parameters revealed a dose-dependent effect of aerobic exercise on systemic inflammation, with higher levels detected after marathon. We observed an increase in miR-150-5p immediately after the 10-km race. Levels of 12 c-inflammamiRs were increased immediately after the marathon (let-7d-3p, let-7f-2-3p, miR-125b-5p, miR-132-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-148a-3p, miR-223-3p, miR-223-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-34a-5p, miR-424-3p, and miR-424-5p). c-inflammamiRs returned to basal levels after 24 h. Correlation and in silico analyses supported a close association between the observed c-inflammamiR pattern and regulation of the inflammatory process. In conclusion, we found that different doses of acute aerobic exercise induced a distinct and specific c-inflammamiR response, which may be associated with control of the exercise-induced inflammatory cascade. Our findings point to c-inflammamiRs as potential biomarkers of exercise-induced inflammation, and hence, exercise dose.
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MEREDITH, MARC. "Exploiting Friends-and-Neighbors to Estimate Coattail Effects." American Political Science Review 107, no. 4 (October 8, 2013): 742–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055413000439.
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Federalist democracies often hold concurrent elections for multiple offices. A potential consequence of simultaneously voting for multiple offices that vary with respect to scope and scale is that the personal appeal of candidates in a high-profile race may affect electoral outcomes in less salient races. In this article I estimate the magnitude of such coattail effects from governors onto other concurrently elected statewide executive officers using a unique dataset of county election returns for all statewide executive office elections in the United States from 1987 to 2010. I exploit the disproportionate support that candidates receive from geographically proximate voters, which is often referred to as the friends-and-neighbors vote, to isolate variation in the personal appeal of candidates. I find that a one-percentage-point increase in the personal vote received by a gubernatorial candidate increases the vote share of their party's secretary of state and attorney general candidates by 0.1 to 0.2 percentage points. In contrast, personal votes for a secretary of state or attorney general candidate have no effect on the performance of their party's gubernatorial candidate or other down-ballot candidates.
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Sierra, Luis M. "Colonial Specters: The Extramuro, History, Memory, and Urbanization in La Paz, Bolivia, 1900-1947." Journal of Urban History 45, no. 6 (August 22, 2018): 1131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144218791269.
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This essay examines the racialization of space and the role of memory in the twentieth-century urbanization of La Paz, Bolivia. Historical memory linked particular races to specific spaces; this in turn helped determine spending on infrastructure, hygiene, and other urban projects. The essay analyzes the ways in which the extramuro (outside the walls of the city) was marked as the place for undesirable, but necessary elements of the city, and as the point of origin for the filth and a whole host of diseases within the city. The relationship between La Paz and the discourses on indígenas in public space in the twentieth century takes center stage: these discourses marked indígenas as undesirable and yet redeemable. This essay analyzes the close connection between the construction of race and the urbanization of that same space. I conclude by reassessing the links between race, space, and memory in Bolivia.
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Urbaneja, Jordi Segui, and Estela Inés Farias. "El trail running (carreras de o por montaña) en España. Inicios, evolución y (actual) estado de la situación (Trail running in Spain. Origin, evolution and current situation; natural áreas)." Retos, no. 33 (September 15, 2017): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i33.56462.
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Es objeto de este artículo explicar, desde un punto de vista descriptivo, los inicios y evolución del trail running (carreras de o por montaña) en España con el objetivo de determinar la existencia (o no) del boom del trail running. Se realiza el análisis cuantitativo de las carreras de trail running organizadas en el año 2015 (n=1901) a partir del cual se identifica que: a) la carrera a pie es la tipología de actividad deportiva más utilizada; b) las épocas en que más eventos se organizan son los periodos de primavera y otoño; c) Cataluña es la comunidad autónoma que más carreras organiza; d) los municipios de menos de 5000 habitantes son los que más pruebas acogen; e) atendiendo a la evolución en la creación de nuevas pruebas se observan tres periodos: 1) del 1940 hasta 1977, con un crecimiento nulo; 2) del 1978 hasta el 2006, con un ligero crecimiento y 3) del 2007 hasta el 2015, con un boom en la creación de nuevas pruebas; y finalmente f) se observa que en la creación de una prueba, mayoritariamente, se inicia con una distancia, posteriormente así como avanza en ediciones, aumenta el número de pruebas para a partir de la cuarta edición volver a una única distancia. Con estos resultados este es el primer estudio que demuestra la existencia del boom del trail running, a la vez que realiza una fotografía de la situación del trail running en España en el 2015 y de cómo ha llegado hasta aquí. Abstract. This article explains the beginnings and evolution of trail running in Spain from a descriptive point of view. The objective is to determinate the existence of the term trail running boom. The study is based on a quantitative analysis of trail running races organized in the year 2015 (n=1901). The results are: a) foot race is the most used type of trail running; b) spring and autumn are the two periods in which more events are organized; c) Catalonia is the autonomous community that more trail running races organizes; d) municipalities of less than 5000 inhabitants organize the highest number of trail running races; e) considering the evolution in the creation of new trail running races, three periods are observed: 1) from 1940 to 1977, with no growth; 2) from 1978 to 2006, with a slow growth and 3) from 2007 to 2015, with a boom in the creation of new races; and finally f) we could observe that the organization of trail running races usually starts with only one distance; successively, in following editions the number of modalities increases, whereas from the fourth edition again it comes back to a single distance. This is the first study that demonstrates the existence of the trail running boom, as well as it explains the situation of trail running in Spain in 2015 and how it has reached its current state.
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Łapko, Aleksandra, Roma Strulak-Wójcikiewicz, Marek Landowski, and Radosław Wieczorek. "Management of Waste Collection from Yachts and Tall Ships from the Perspective of Sustainable Water Tourism." Sustainability 11, no. 1 (December 26, 2018): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010121.
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This article deals with the issue of waste collection from yachts and tall ships that is important from the perspective of sustainable tourism. There are, of course, procedures that regulate the passing of waste by vessels, which also apply to tourist vessels. However, the authors made an attempt to analyze the process of waste collection carried out under non-standard conditions, i.e., during a mass event held at the port of the Tall Ships Races final, which took place in 2017 in Szczecin. Many yachts and tall ships participated in the event, and in addition, due to the multiplicity of attractions, the event area was very popular among tourists and visitors (over one and a half million people in three days). Due to the safety of the participants, and the need to maintain high aesthetic standards, the procedures for collecting waste from vessels had to be modified. In addition to the preparation of a flowchart on which the existing procedural modifications were presented, based on the source data received from the waste collection company, quantitative and structural analyses of the waste were carried out. The conducted research showed that the waste collection required the coordination of the activities of many entities. This article also draws attention to operational problems that occurred during waste collection from vessels during the Tall Ships Races final. Statistical analysis allowed for the determination of the days where the vessels disposed the most solid and liquid waste, and how the structure of the amount of collected waste was shaped. The Tall Ships Races is the most popular and the biggest event of this type in the world—gathering the largest number of tall ships. They are carried out annually, and their route leads through various ports; however, the regatta final is the culminating point that attracts the largest number of tourists. For this reason, many cities are trying to become its organizers. In 2018, the finals took place in the Dutch port of Harlingen, and in 2019, the Danish port of Aarhus will be responsible for its organization. Two years later, in 2021, the Tall Ships Races regatta final will be hosted by Szczecin again. The results of the research conducted in this article may be helpful for appropriate preparation by subsequent ports for waste collection, which may contribute to the safety of the participants taking part in the event.
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Sakai, Daiki, Naosuke Uchida, Shinnosuke Enomoto, Souya Iwata, Yasuo Kawakami, and Shigeru Wesugi. "Improving Road Bike Leaning Skills on Downhill Corners (Developing a System for Detecting Curvature Change Points and the Angle of a Road Bike while Riding)." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049153.
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In road bicycle races, advanced skills are needed to traverse downhill corners quickly and safely. A previous study revealed that in specific experimental corners, some beginners tend to lean their bikes more compared to experts. Therefore, in seeking to develop a support method for improving rider skill in controlling bike position, the authors aimed to design a system that indicates to users the positions of their bikes to lean it at the appropriate inclination when making turns. First, we determined the corner starting points using the RTK (Real Time Kinematic) positioning system. Then, we calculated the theoretical inclination and compared this to the inclination practiced by an expert. The experiment with this system showed that the expert started leaning the bike approximately 5 m short of a corner’s starting point with the speed maintained at approximately 25 km/h, with some correlation found between the theoretically ideal degree of inclination and the expert’s actual inclination.
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Randhawa, H. S., and R. J. Graf. "AAC Paramount soft white spring wheat." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 102, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2021-0004.
Full textAbstract:
AAC Paramount is a soft white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar that meets the end-use quality specifications of the Canada Western Soft White Spring (CWSWS) class. AAC Paramount is adapted to the irrigated wheat growing regions of southern Alberta and southern Saskatchewan, and for dry land production in the western prairies. On average, AAC Paramount had 6% higher grain yield (under both irrigated and dry land conditions) than the check cultivar AC Andrew. AAC Paramount exhibited excellent straw strength and similar maturity to AC Andrew and Sadash but was 2 d earlier than AAC Indus. Its plant height was taller than both AC Andrew and Sadash but similar to AAC Indus. AAC Paramount exhibited high levels of resistance to the prevalent races of stripe rust, powdery mildew, and loose smut; intermediate reactions to leaf rust, stem rust, and kernel black point; was moderately susceptible to Fusarium head blight and leaf spot diseases, and susceptible to common bunt.
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Da Zheng. "Chinese Painting and Cultural Interpretation: Chiang Yee's Travel Writing During the Cold War Era." Prospects 26 (October 2001): 477–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300001010.
Full textAbstract:
On June 11, 1956, Chiang Yee was led into the Sanders Theater of Harvard University, where he began delivering his Phi Beta Kappa oration, entitled “The Chinese Painter”:The word “Chinese” in my title conveys a reference both to the birthplace of the painter and to the type of work to be expected from him; but while that is what I mean, I wish to point out that the word has not the same significance today as it would have had fifty to a hundred years ago. Then a “Chinese” painter was a painter absolutely and exclusively Chinese, differing fundamentally from the painters of all other nations and races. When I speak of a Chinese painter of today, I mean one who is basically Chinese but not exclusively so in his creation. He is not, and should not be, isolated from or independent of the rest of the world, for he has his part to play in the cultural evolution of the world. (242)
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Sari, Herninda Cintia Kemala. "REPRESENTASI MASKULINITAS DALAM IKLAN GARNIER MEN VERSI JOE TASLIM DAN CHICO JERIKO." sarasvati 2, no. 1 (June 26, 2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/sv.v2i1.868.
Full textAbstract:
Television advertising is not only the most reliable medium for selling products, but also in shaping an image. Such as advertisements for facial care products for men which often highlight masculine images, where masculine is a gender concept that is pinned to men by a culture. This study aims to explore the meaning of denotation, connotation, and myth contained in the Garnier Men advertisement by Joe Taslim and Chico Jeriko. Using Roland Barthes's analysis related to signified, significant, denotative, connotative, and myth. The results showed a male masculine image, a combination of urban, metropolis, and metrosexual male images represented by denotations of races, martial arts and other urban metropolis men's activities. In connotation, showing a representation of the dominant male type in life. These signs point to the social relations of the community towards a man. This research is expected to be able to add and provide knowledge and be a reference for the public's perspective in interpreting television advertisements for men's facial cleansers.
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OZBEK, Ramazan. "The Evaluation of the Opinions of Prospective Teachers about the Objectives of Human Rights Education." International Education Studies 10, no. 10 (September 28, 2017): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v10n10p64.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study is to evaluate opinions of prospective teachers attending Social Sciences Teaching Department Primary Education Section on the objectives of Human Rights Education in the scope of Citizenship and Democracy Education Curriculum. This study is vital for learning of democratic life. 25 prospective teachers studying in the 8th semester were selected by purposive sampling method. Prospective teachers’ opinions generally converge at the point where sufficient success is not being achieved in the realization of educational objectives. Other issues include human rights violations, causes of human rights violations, teaching the ways of protecting human rights, not only giving theoretical knowledge but also using different samples and methods in teaching activities with the help of technology, using environment, educating patriotic individuals who are sensitive to environment and human rights and willing to solve problems, educating individuals who can build and develop positive relationships with people in different races, thoughts and geographical regions, democratic individuals oriented to create a democratic society.