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1
The races came off: The story of point-to-point racing in South and West Wales, 1887-1985. Cardiff: B. Lee, 1986.
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2
Worrall, Margaret. The My Lady's Manor races, 1909-2009. Ann Arbor: Sheridan Books, 2009.
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Johler, Reinhard, Christian Marchetti, and Monique Scheer, eds. Doing Anthropology in Wartime and War Zones. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839414224.
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World War I marks a well-known turning point in anthropology, and this volume is the first to examine the variety of forms it took in Europe. Distinct national traditions emerged and institutes were founded, partly due to collaborations with the military. Researchers in the cultural sciences used war zones to gain access to »informants«: prisoner-of-war and refugee camps, occupied territories, even the front lines. Anthropologists tailored their inquiries to aid the war effort, contributed to interpretations of the war as a »struggle« between »races«, and assessed the »warlike« nature of the Balkan region, whose crises were key to the outbreak of the Great War.
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Kádár, Judit Ágnes, and András Tarnóc, eds. La Frontera. Szeged, Hungary: Department of American Studies, University of Szeged, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/americana.books.2016.frontera.
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The essays in this book have one common denominator, the discussion of the concept of the border in American culture. Partly motivated by a symposium held on this very topic in late 2014 at Eszterházy Károly University of Applied Sciences of Eger, Hungary, the subsequent call for papers resulted in a variety of submissions. The starting point of all essays was Gloria Anzaldua’s statement: “[B]orderlands are not specific to the [American] Southwest. In fact the borderlands are physically present wherever two or more cultures edge each other, where people of different races occupy the same territory, where under, lower, middle and upper classes touch, where the space between two individuals shrinks with intimacy.”As a whole the nine articles involved treat issues related to the actual U.S.-Mexico border and U.S.-Canadian border, investigate the consequences of the encounter of different cultures, and examine the borderlines discernible in popular culture including film and music, literature, i.e. slave narratives and history.
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E, Williams Lee. Post-war riots in America, 1919 and 1946: How the pressures of war exacerbated American urban tensions to the breaking point. Lewiston, N.Y: E. Mellen Press, 1991.
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Board, Canada National Energy. Reasons for decision in the matter of TransCanada Pipelines Limited: Application for approval to establish a new receipt and delivery point, the North Bay Junction, and for the corresponding tolls for services to and from the point. Calgary: National Energy Board, 2004.
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Barger, Lilian Calles. A New Orthodoxy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190695392.003.0013.
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This chapter turns to the critical 1975 Detroit Theology in the Americas conference, where liberationists encountered difficulties in establishing a coalition across race, class, and sex, and between North American black, feminist, and Latin American theologians. The relationship with the U.S. empire showed itself to be a critical point of difference. Nevertheless, reverberation from the conference changed the theological discourse, producing liberal resistance and marshaling conservatives against liberation theology.
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Bhopal, Raj S. The concept of risk and fundamental measures of disease frequency: Incidence and prevalence. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739685.003.0007.
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In epidemiology, risk refers to the likelihood, or in statistical language probability, of an individual in a defined population developing a disease or other adverse health problem. The prime measures of disease frequency, including probability of outcomes, in epidemiology are incidence rates and prevalence proportions. The incidence rate is the number of new cases in relation to a population, time, and place. Prevalence proportion measures all disease or a risk factor in a population, either at a particular time (point prevalence) or over a time period (period prevalence, lifetime prevalence). Rates and proportions are most accurately presented by age and sex groups (‘specific’ rates and proportions), but for ease of interpretation they may be grouped as overall, actual (crude) rates. The collection of both disease, risk factor and population data to achieve accurate figures of incidence rates and prevalence proportions is problematic, and remains a major challenge.
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Reasons for Decision in the Matter of Transcanada Pipelines Limited: Application for Approval to Establish a New Receipt and Delivery Point, the North. Canadian Government Publishing, 2004.
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10
Turda, Marius. Race, Science, and Eugenics in the Twentieth Century. Edited by Alison Bashford and Philippa Levine. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195373141.013.0004.
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This article aims to go beyond the existing scholarship on eugenics and to point out the complex intertwining of visions of racial improvement with eugenic hybrids during the twentieth century. It offers an insight into the convoluted relationship between race and eugenics. It contributes to the increasingly polarized current discussion about the eternal return of eugenics. It evaluates the degree and nature of conceptual transfers of eugenic knowledge and ideas and addresses eugenics' key components. Race is a central component in the eugenic imagination and this centrality provides an insight into a larger debate, known as the nature-nurture debate. The examples of eugenic thinking on race are provided in this article. It illustrates that the study of twentieth-century eugenics is currently undergoing a remarkable transformation and contributes in new and refreshing ways to our understanding of eugenics and race.
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Mário, Mouzinho, Celso M. Monjane, and Ricardo Santos. The education sector in Mozambique: From access to epistemic quality in primary education. UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/887-0.
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From the early days of national independence in 1975, the central aim of the educational policy in Mozambique has been to ensure that all school-age children have access to school and can remain there until they have completed their basic education. In the pursuit of this aim, the extension of access to primary education was achieved relatively successfully, given that it reached a net rate of school coverage of almost 100 per cent. However, the impressive increase in school attendance rates has not been accompanied by a corresponding improvement in the quality of learning, and there are worrying signs of a considerable setback in relation to this aspect. Using this observation as a starting point, the study identifies and analyses the variables in the institutional context behind ‘schooling without learning’. The results of the study point to (i) weak state capacity; (ii) excessive dependence on external aid; and (iii) poor community involvement and participation in school management, as being factors with a major influence on the poor quality of education in primary schools.
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Schor, Paul. The Chinese and Japanese in the Census. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199917853.003.0013.
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This chapter discusses the integration of Chinese and Japanese into the US census. The American census added a new race it termed “Chinese” to its questionnaires beginning in 1870 and “Japanese” in 1890. The remarkable thing is that what was a nationality immediately became a race as well. Since 1850, the place of birth of all inhabitants had been recorded, whether or not they were immigrants, and in the case of non-European immigrants, two categories of origin were involved: on the one hand, foreign birth, and on the other hand, race, which was transmitted to the following generations. In spite of their small numbers, Asian immigrants were the object of disproportionate attention in the US census, to the point that in 1920, out of nine possible racial categories, five were Asian.
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Thomas, Damion L. “The Good Negroes”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037177.003.0005.
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This chapter explores President Eisenhower's and President Kennedy's widespread use of symbolic gestures in the realm of civil rights—including the extensive use of African Americans as cultural ambassadors. It argues that both administrations waged an unsuccessful battle to alter international perceptions of U.S. race relations. To illustrate this point, this chapter focuses on the goodwill tours of Mal Whitfield and Rafer Johnson, both of whom were abroad touring in close proximity to the unrest in Little Rock, Arkansas, that was sparked by efforts to desegregate Central High School in 1957. By juxtaposing international coverage of Little Rock with the reception of Whitfield's and Johnson's tours, this chapter suggests that the propaganda campaigns were not able to drastically alter international perceptions of U.S. race relations.
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Gelman, Andrew, and Deborah Nolan. Descriptive statistics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785699.003.0003.
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Descriptive statistics is the typical starting point for a statistics course, and it can be tricky to teach because the material is more difficult than it first appears. The activities in this chapter focus more on the topics of data displays and transformations, rather than the mean, median, and standard deviation, which are covered easily in a textbook and on homework assignments. Specific topics include: distributions and handedness scores; extrapolation of time series and world record times for the mile run; linear combinations and economic indexes; scatter plots and exam scores; and logarithmic transformations and metabolic rates.
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Hanney, Maria Luisa. Older people with learning disabilities. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199644957.003.0050.
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Elderly people with Learning Disabilities are a heterogeneous clinically complex population with unique medical and social challenges. Little is known of the epidemiology of mental ill health in this group. Emerging evidence indicates that they suffer higher rates of mental illness than the general population and than their younger peer group. Point prevalence of mental ill health in elderly people with Learning Disabilities has been reported about 69% compared with 48% in the younger peer group. This higher rate of psychiatric diagnosis in the older group is mainly due to a higher rate of dementia of about 21 %. People with Down syndrome appear to have lower rates of mental ill health apart from depression and early onset dementia of Alzheimer’s type. People with Learning Disability due to other causes are also at higher risk of developing dementia at an earlier age than the general population
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Amrith, Sunil S. Eugenics in Postcolonial Southeast Asia. Edited by Alison Bashford and Philippa Levine. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195373141.013.0018.
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The rich vein of writing on race and racial thought in the region provides an essential point of entry to eugenics in Southeast Asia. This article focuses on the experience of postcolonial Malaysia and Singapore and suggests that traces of eugenic thought and practice have played a role in shaping strategies of state-directed development from the 1950s. The “science of racial improvement” exerts a powerful influence on the political elite of both countries, providing a rationale and a model for many attempts to understand, differentiate, and improve the population. This article focuses on close connections between race and racial aptitudes, and the politics of immigration control and colonial reservations. It further discusses the focus of eugenic policies in Southeast Asia on using state power to rebalance the plural society, and signification of racial improvement in the identification and exclusion of particular peoples.
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Thomas, Stuart D. M. Diagnostic prevalence and comorbidity. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0032.
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Prisons and jails remain a growth industry, with many countries increasing correctional services to cope with the ever-burgeoning inmate population. One longstanding issue is the perceived increase in prevalence of mental disorders that are found in correctional settings compared to the community. Definitions of mental illness and methods of assessment vary substantially. That said, emerging data reflect some consistency in the range of estimated prevalence. Personality disorder (predominantly antisocial personality disorder) is the most common mental disorder among prisoners, accounting for 65% of male and 42% of female prisoners. Estimated rates of psychosis in some settings are as high as 3.7% for males and 4.0% for females, while major depressive disorders are found in up to 10% of male and 12% of female prisoners. Estimated point prevalence rates for alcohol abuse and dependence varied between 18 and 30% for male prisoners and between 10 and 24% for female prisoners; these estimates were between 10 and 48% for males and 30 to 60% for female prisoners with respect to drug dependence and abuse. The rates of almost all disorders are several times higher than those found in the general community, and the rates of comorbidity are exceptionally high. This chapter outlines the best available correctional prevalence of common mental disorders and considers the key assumptions and methodological challenges around ascertaining rates of these different diagnoses.
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Hartmann, Andrea S., and Ulrike Buhlmann. Prevalence and Underrecognition of Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Edited by Katharine A. Phillips. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190254131.003.0005.
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Large epidemiologic studies across Western countries that used DSM-IV and DSM-5 diagnostic criteria have found a point prevalence rate of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) of 1.7% to 2.9%. The prevalence of BDD is higher in clinical samples. Gender ratios in epidemiologic studies show a slight preponderance of females, which is confirmed in most convenience and clinical samples. Prevalence rates appear to be highest in younger (adolescent) subsamples. Other demographic correlates include a lower likelihood of being in a committed relationship, less education, lower household income, and higher unemployment rates. Key clinical correlates from epidemiologic studies are greater depression, anxiety, and somatoform symptoms and more frequent suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Reasons for the underrecognition of BDD include shame, fear of not being understood by the clinician, lack of readiness for treatment, skepticism about treatment or belief in the superiority of other forms of treatment (such as cosmetic treatment), and lack of financial coverage for treatment.
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Hadley, Graham R., Matthew Novitch, Mark R. Jones, Vwaire Orhurhu, Alan D. Kaye, and Sudhir A. Diwan. Comprehensive Review of Discography in Spinal Pain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190626761.003.0014.
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Neck and back pain are common in the adult population, with many adults experiencing such pain at any one point in time. Both are a common cause of disability and socioeconomic burden, with relatively high annual prevalence rates. The aim of discography involves determination of the morphology of the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc. The knowledge of structural integrity of the disc is the fundamental principle in determining whether the neck or back pain is discogenic in nature. This chapter discusses the safety profile and diagnostic utility of discography, as well as the controversy that still remains over its clinical use, with respect to the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine regions.
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Pleasant, Andrew, and Jennifer Cabe. Health Literacy and Cultural Competence in Integrative Preventive Health and Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190241254.003.0003.
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As the United States and the world continue to experience unsustainable growth in the rates of chronic disease and rising healthcare costs, most urgently needed are upstream solutions—far before the point of people needing and seeking medical treatment. What is required to address this untenable situation is a shift in the underlying premises of the health and medical philosophies and infrastructure. This chapter will propose that an evidence-based solution lies in a convergence between an integrative approach to health and medicine and health literacy. That convergence inherently embraces cultural competency and leads health systems, healthcare professionals, and the people they serve to work together as a newly integrated whole that is greater than the sum of the parts.
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Pestieau, Pierre, and Mathieu Lefebvre. Poverty and Inequality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817055.003.0002.
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This chapter is about the state of inequality and poverty in Europe. We observe differences in poverty rates and income inequality across European countries. At the one extreme, there are the Benelux and Nordic countries with little poverty and small inequalities. At the other extreme, there is a mixed group consisting of Southern, Eastern, and Anglo- Saxon countries. Changes in poverty and inequality over time have been rather small. A number of reliable signals, such as aging and restrictive public finance point to an increase of poverty and inequality in the near future. Finally, we show that beyond the traditional social polarization based on income and wealth, there is a deeper and multicausal divide that represents the most serious challenge to our welfare states.
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Proctor, Frank “Trey.” African Diasporic Ethnicity in Mexico City to 1650. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036637.003.0002.
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This chapter examines the intersections of race, ethnicity, and slavery in Spanish America and the African Diaspora by focusing on the development of African Diasporic ethnicity in Mexico City to 1650. Drawing on marriage records from early seventeenth-century Mexico City, it considers how Africans constructed multiple new ethnic and community identities in Spanish America. Through an analysis of selection patterns of testigos (wedding witnesses) alongside marriage choice, the chapter highlights the networks of social relations formed by slaves. It shows that ethnic Africans tended to marry and form communities of association with Africans from the same general catchment areas. It argues that the foundations of the ethnic communities under formation were not intact African ethnicities, pan-African identities, or race-based identities. Rather, slave marriages in Mexico City point to the creation of African diasporic ethnicities that were spontaneously articulated in the Diaspora. Africans formed new ethnic identities based upon Old World backgrounds and commonalities while in Diaspora.
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Torres, Sandra. Ethnicity and Old Age. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447328117.001.0001.
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This book’s starting point is the notion of theorising and the fact that, because scholarship at the intersection of ethnicity, race and old age has stagnated, we are in dire need of inquiries that focus on the context of discovery. The author argues that our scholarly imagination about this intersection needs to be developed now that the globalisation of international migration and transnationalism have increased the ethno-cultural diversity of our ageing populations. Through a scoping review of the last twenty years of research and theunderstandings of ethnicity and race that informs it, the author shows that scholarship on ageing and old age do not resonate well with the latest advancements in ethnicity and race scholarship. The book introduces gerontologists to social scientific discussions about ethnicity and race, introduces international migration scholars to the implications that population ageing has for the life-course, gives both of these scholarly fields insight into what characterizes scholarship at the intersection of ethnicity/ race and old age, andproposes a new research agenda. By bringing attention to the topics that have received the most attention (i.e. health inequalities, health and social care, intergenerational relationships and caregiving), and the manner in which ethnicity/ race have been made sense of so far, the author identifies the obstacles that scholarship on ethnicity, race and old age faces, and proposes how we can address them in an ethnicity-astute and diversity-informed manner.
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Gilbert-Hickey, Meghan, and Miranda A. Green-Barteet, eds. Race in Young Adult Speculative Fiction. University Press of Mississippi, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496833815.001.0001.
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Race in Young Adult Speculative Fiction offers a sustained, cogent analysis of race and representation in young adult speculative fiction (YASF). The collection considers how characters of color are represented in YASF, how they contribute to and participate in speculative worlds, how race affects or influences the structures of speculative worlds, and how race and racial ideologies are implicated in YASF. The essays in the collection also consider the effects of colorblind ideology and postracialism on YASF, a genre that is often seen as progressive in its representation of adolescent protagonists. Simply put, colorblindness silences those who believe—and whose experiences demonstrate—that race and racism do continue to matter. In examining how some YASF texts normalize many of our social structures and hierarchies, this collection examines how race and racism are represented in the genre and considers how hierarchies of race are reinscribed in some texts and transgressed in others. The essays in this collection point toward the potential of YASF to address and interrogate racial inequities in the contemporary West and beyond. They critique the texts that fall short of this possibility, and they articulate ways in which readers and critics alike might nonetheless locate diversity within narratives. This is a collection troubled by the lingering emphasis on colorblindness in YASF, but it is also the work of scholars who love the genre they critique, who celebrate its progress toward inclusivity, and who see in it an enduring future for intersectional identity.
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Cheyfitz, Eric, and Shari M. Huhndorf. Genocide by Other Means. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190456368.003.0016.
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Louise Erdrich’s prize-winning novel The Round House tells a story about rape on the reservation that reflects on alarmingly high rates of sexual violence against Native women and the roots of this violence in federal Indian law. This chapter takes the novel as a starting point for analyzing contrasts between indigenous and European conceptions of law, including the relationship between law and literature, and the ways that federal Indian law has historically served as an instrument of genocide and colonial expansion. Erdrich’s novel, the chapter argues, draws out the material consequences of the legal and political disempowerment of tribes and the imposition of federal legal authority, and it upholds tribal law as providing the sole path to justice in colonial contexts.
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Menz, Georg. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199579983.003.0009.
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This chapter summarizes some of the book’s main arguments and provides avenues for future research. We point to the ideational turn as well as to culturally based enquiries into Comparative Political Economy as offering particular promise. Finally, this chapter additionally points to two major sources of societal and economic transformation, discussing in passing other major economic changes, such as increasing automation, advances in artificial intelligence, and the roll-out of robots across a variety of economic sectors. These two potentially explosive sources of change include energy security, a field in which the race for autarchy is juxtaposed with limits to the practical applicability of renewable energy sources. Environmental factors and environmental degradation similarly impose dramatic constraints to further economic development and might induce a dramatic reconfiguration.
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Spies, Dennis C. Conclusions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812906.003.0008.
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The purpose of this last chapter is to summarize the results of the comparative analysis of the US and Western Europe and point to venues for further research. Race and immigration are strongly linked to questions of welfare in the US, but there is little empirical support for the argument that immigration has also led to welfare state retrenchment in Europe. Notwithstanding the negative effects of increased ethnic diversity on support for welfare by natives, the institutional design of European welfare programs and the economically divided anti-immigrant movement prevent immigration concerns from translating into actual retrenchment in the core areas of welfare. Ironically, in many cases it is the anti-immigrant Extreme Right that prevents such an outcome in Western Europe.
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Schor, Paul. From “Mulatto” to the “One Drop Rule” (1870–1900). Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199917853.003.0011.
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This chapter discusses changes in racial categories applied to African Americans in the censuses from 1870 to 1900. At the time of the 1870 census, the schedules offered five choices of “color”: white, black, mulatto, Chinese, and Indian. The instructions for censustakers emphasized the importance of the “mulatto” category, which from that time on explicitly included quadroons and octoroons, and went all the way down the line to the “one drop rule.” The question of unions between members of subordinate groups was not addressed, but this was a secondary concern since the point of the system was to make it impossible for any person of mixed origin to claim membership in the white race. Only from 1900 onward was the question of racial mixing between non-whites formalized by the census.
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Rose, Deondra. Citizenship By Degree. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190650940.001.0001.
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Since the mid-twentieth century, the United States has seen a striking shift in the gender dynamics of higher educational attainment as women have come to earn college degrees at higher rates than men. Women have also made significant strides in terms of socioeconomic status and political engagement. What explains the progress that American women have made since the 1960s? While many point to the feminist movement as the critical turning point, this book makes the case that women’s movement toward first-class citizenship has been shaped not only by important societal changes but also by the actions of lawmakers who used a combination of redistributive and regulatory higher education policies to enhance women’s incorporation into their roles as American citizens. Examining the development and impact of the National Defense Education Act of 1958, the Higher Education Act of 1965, and Title IX of the 1972 Education Amendments, this book argues that higher education policies represent a crucial—though largely overlooked—factor shaping the progress that women have made. By significantly expanding women’s access to college, they helped to pave the way for women to surpass men as the recipients of bachelor’s degrees, while also empowering them to become more economically independent, socially integrated, politically engaged members of the American citizenry. In addition to helping to bring into greater focus our understanding of how Southern Democrats shaped US social policy development during the mid-twentieth century, this analysis recognizes federal higher education policy as an indispensible component of the American welfare state.
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Lyons, Daniel A., and David L. Brown. Tibial Neuropathy—Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome. Edited by Meghan E. Lark, Nasa Fujihara, and Kevin C. Chung. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190617127.003.0010.
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Tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) is caused by compression of the tibial nerve and its branches within the tarsal tunnel at the ankle. The diagnosis of TTS is often made clinically, but imaging and electrodiagnostic studies should be considered when the diagnosis cannot be ascertained from the clinical history and physical examination. Surgical decompression of the tarsal tunnels should be pursued only after conservative measures have failed or when a space-occupying lesion or point of tibial nerve compression has been identified. Surgical intervention requires complete release of the flexor retinaculum at the medial ankle, as well as release of the three distinct tunnels enveloping the medial and lateral plantar nerves and the calcaneal branch. Success rates for tibial nerve decompression vary widely in the literature, ranging from 44% to 96%.
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Rios, Jodi. Black Lives and Spatial Matters. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501750465.001.0001.
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This book is a call to reconsider the epistemic violence that is committed when scholars, policymakers, and the general public continue to frame Black precarity as just another racial, cultural, or ethnic conflict that can be solved solely through legal, political, or economic means. This book argues that the historical and material production of blackness-as-risk is foundational to the historical and material construction of our society and certainly foundational to the construction and experience of metropolitan space. The book also considers how an ethics of lived blackness—living fully and visibly in the face of forces intended to dehumanize and erase—can create a powerful counter point to blackness-as-risk. Using a transdisciplinary methodology, the book studies cultural, institutional, and spatial politics of race in North St. Louis County, Missouri, as a set of practices that are intimately connected to each other and to global histories of race and race-making. As such, it adds important insight into the racialization of metropolitan space and people in the United States. The arguments presented in the book draw from fifteen years of engaged research in North St. Louis County and rely on multiple disciplinary perspectives and local knowledge in order to study relationships between interconnected practices and phenomena.
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Stokes, Ashli Quesinberry, and Wendy Atkins-Sayre. Consuming Identity. University Press of Mississippi, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496809186.001.0001.
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Many Southerners enjoy conversations about food, quickly jumping in with likes and dislikes, regional preferences, and food-related stories. The subject of food often crosses lines of race, class, gender, and region, and provides an opportunity for a common discussion point. This book explores the types of identities, allegiances, and bonds that are made possible and are strengthened through Southern foods and foodways. It adds to the growing list examining Southern food, but its focus on the cuisine’s rhetorical nature and the communicative effect that the food can have on Southern culture makes a significant contribution to that important conversation. The book tells the stories of Southern food that speak to the identity of the region, explaining how food helps to build individual identities, and exploring the possibilities of how food opens up dialogue. The authors show how food acts rhetorically, with the kinds of food that we choose to eat and serve sending messages about how we view ourselves and others. Food serves an identity-building function, factoring heavily into the understanding of who we are. The stories surrounding food are so important to Southern culture, they provide a significant and meaningful way to open up dialogue in the region. By sharing and celebrating the stories and actual food of Southern foodways, Southerners are able to focus on similar histories and traditions, despite the division that has plagued and continues to plague the South. Taken together, the book shows how Southern food provides a significant starting point for understanding food’s rhetorical potential.
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Monroe, Raquel. “The White Girl in the Middle”. Edited by Melissa Blanco Borelli. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199897827.013.013.
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This chapter illustrates how the narratives of hip-hop dance films have historically used white female dancers to introduce mainstream white audiences to hip-hop dance forms. In Step Up 2: The Streets, however, the white female protagonist is not an outsider introduced to hip-hop dance forms, instead she is from the very streets where hip-hop originates. Yet her success as a white female hip-hop dancer weighs on her ability to perform “black” corporeality equal to or better than her black counterparts. Using choreographic analysis and critical race and gender theories, the chapter argues that hip-hop dance forms render whiteness hyper-visible, but the white performance of black performativity becomes the selling point for films like Step Up 2: The Streets, where black performers are cast as ancillary characters to authenticate the white protagonists.
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Condon, Paul, and David DeSteno. Enhancing Compassion. Edited by Emma M. Seppälä, Emiliana Simon-Thomas, Stephanie L. Brown, Monica C. Worline, C. Daryl Cameron, and James R. Doty. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464684.013.22.
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Historically, social psychologists are known for demonstrating the power of situations to reduce compassionate impulses and prosocial behavior. The simple presence of other people, for example, can decrease the rates at which people act to help others. Yet more recent findings also point to the power of situations to evoke other-oriented emotional states that increase intentions and actions to help others and build relationships. In this chapter, we review the current social psychological literature on compassion and its role in shaping moral decision-making and relationship formation. We then turn to the burgeoning field of contemplative science and demonstrate the role of meditation practices in shaping prosocial character. In the end, this literature suggests that humans are amenable to situational forces that tip the scales in favor of compassionate responding. Moreover, such behaviors can be increased through simple, readily available meditation-based exercises.
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Bowman, Alan. The State and the Economy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790662.003.0002.
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The main fiscal instruments the Roman government could use to affect economic behaviour and performance were currency, taxation, and regulation of markets. This chapter is primarily concerned with taxation, and considers the central features of the relationship between direct and indirect taxation and trade, taking Hopkins’s taxes-and-trade model as a point of departure. It argues that, before AD 300, taxation was fairly low, but not as low as Hopkins thought, when we consider the things he omitted. Various fiscal stimuli, the government use of coin, and taxation all affected trade positively in different ways. After Diocletian, by re-establishing the currency as central to government fiscal operations and by reducing the transaction costs that fell directly upon central government, rates of taxation could effectively be lowered without significant loss of revenue, and that institutionalization of the relationship between imperial and municipal taxation was broadly beneficial from a fiscal viewpoint.
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Williams, Ronald. The New Negro in African American Politics. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036453.003.0013.
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This chapter raises the question of how Barack Obama, an African American, was able to achieve the support of American whites, enough to win not only his party's nomination, but also ultimately the presidential election by a landslide. It argues that Obama's success in American politics is rooted primarily in his “acceptability” as an African American racial representative in the eyes of American whites. By acceptable to American whites, the point here is that Obama was able to achieve his status as racial representative primarily because of categorical rejection, exclusion, and repression of black leaders with agendas that were understood to be in any way radical or as posing a threat to the existing racial arrangement. Obama was the modern-day representative Negro in that he represented black people most eloquently and elegantly, and because he was the race's great opportunity to re-present itself in the court of racist public opinion.
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Gilad-Gutnick, Sharon, and Pawan Sinha. The Presidential Illusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0090.
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The effectiveness of the presidential illusion underscores the important point that by excluding external facial features, such as the head and hair shape, we lose critical information about the way faces are represented in real life. This chapter considers the question of whether whole-head processing is a general principle that can be extended to all face processes or if it specifically reflects the nature of facial encoding used by the visual system for the identification of individuals. For example, would supplementing the internal features of one face with those of another affect the perception of other common facial attributes, such as gender, race, or age? The eyes, nose, and mouth are believed to be the primary purveyors of facial identity. The presidential illusion challenges this dogma and suggests that external head features (the hair and jawline) are also crucial constituents of facial representation and strongly influence identity judgments.
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Subramaniam, Banu, ed. Through the Prism of Objectivity. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038655.003.0008.
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This chapter uses the author's memories as a graduate student in science to explore and theorize what these experiences can tell us about the culture of science. It contends that these experiences, while individual, point to how the histories, cultures, and epistemologies of science are operationalized within scientific life reproduced through the generations, sometimes with surprising fidelity. Moreover, personal narratives can reveal the personal, professional, and institutional connections that are underdeveloped in the field. Thus, this chapter explores differences among women of color with the complexities of gender, race, class, and nation as well as how presumptions of objectivity and rationality constrain and curtail originality and innovation in the culture of science, shaping normative expectations and scientific norms. Finally, and most important, this chapter argues that graduate education is a critical juncture in the educational ladder where students are “enculturated” into their professional identity as scientists.
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Smith, Christen A. Afro-Paradise. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039935.003.0003.
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This chapter analyzes the relationship between carnival and Afro-paradise through two genealogies: racial violence in the national legacy of the use of the black body as an ironic transfer point, a fulcrum for constructing the Brazilian nation, specifically at the site of the pelourinho—the place where enslaved Africans were publically whipped in Brazilian colonial society; and black Brazilians' use of performance (theater and dramatic play) to disrupt and refract this process of violence. For generations, the theater has been a key political space for radical black Brazilians to denounce the myth of racial democracy and declare this myth genocidal. The chapter considers these two interlocking genealogies through a look at race, space, and violence in Bahian carnival, the historical relationship between Afro-paradise and the black body in pain, and the relationship between these two contexts and contemporary black political performance in Salvador.
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Campbell, John L. American Discontent. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190872434.001.0001.
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This book is about how Donald Trump, who had no prior public service, became president of the United States. It argues that Trump capitalized on a wave of increasing public discontent that stemmed from the demise of the country’s Golden Age of prosperity. This involved decades-long trends in the American economy, race relations, ideology, and political polarization, all of which fueled rising discontent across America. It reached a tipping point by the time Barack Obama was elected president. When the 2008 financial crisis hit and Obama was elected the first African American president, he tried to resolve the crisis and fix the nation’s ailing health care system. But in doing so he pushed rising discontent over the edge. Political gridlock in Washington resulted. Discontent skyrocketed. Americans were fed up and looked for a savior. Trump was lucky to be in the right place at the right time and rode that wave of discontent all the way to the White House.
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Kovács, Erika, and Martin Winner, eds. Stakeholder Protection in Restructuring. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845292168.
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Restructuring of companies, particularly merger and division both domestically or in a cross-border situation, has far-reaching consequences for all stakeholders. The contributions focus on the question of how to protect the interests of shareholders, creditors and employees at a European and national level appropriately. The articles discuss how to promote freedom of establishment in the growing competition between legal systems without encouraging a race to the bottom in the company and labour law framework. The cross-border conversion of companies is particularly delicate in this regard. From the workers’ point of view, it is decisive whether a restructuring constitute a transfer of undertaking and which labour law consequences a transfer has. Another particularly interesting aspect is the fate of the board-level employee representation in case of corporate restructuring. The papers shed light on European developments and some selected national manifestations of these issues. The authors are distinguished Austrian, German, Italian, Spanish, Polish and Serbian professors who specialise in company and labour law.
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Graber, Naomi. Kurt Weill's America. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190906580.001.0001.
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This book traces composer Kurt Weill’s changing relationship with the idea of “America.” His European works such as The Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny (1930), depict the nation as a capitalist dystopia filled with gangsters and molls. But in 1935, it became clear that Europe was no longer safe for the Jewish Weill, and he set sail for the New World. Once he arrived, he found the culture nothing like he imagined, and his engagement with America shifted in intriguing ways. From that point forward, most of his works concerned the idea of “America,” whether celebrating her successes, or critiquing her shortcomings. As an outsider-turned-insider, Weill’s insights into American culture are somewhat unique. He was more attuned than native-born citizens to the difficult relationship America had with her immigrants, for example. However, it took him longer to understand the subtleties of other issues, particularly those surrounding race relations.
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Fesmire, Steven, ed. The Oxford Handbook of Dewey. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190491192.001.0001.
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John Dewey was the foremost figure and public intellectual in early to mid-twentieth-century American philosophy. He is the most academically cited Anglophone philosopher of the past century, and he is among the most cited Americans of any century. In this comprehensive volume spanning thirty-five chapters, leading scholars help researchers access particular aspects of Dewey’s thought, navigate the enormous and rapidly developing literature, and participate in current scholarship in light of prospects in key topical areas. Beginning with a framing essay by Philip Kitcher calling for a transformation of philosophical research, contributors interpret, appraise, and critique Dewey’s philosophy under the following headings: Metaphysics; Epistemology, Science, Language, and Mind; Ethics, Law, and the Starting Point; Social and Political Philosophy, Race, and Feminist Philosophy; Philosophy of Education; Aesthetics; Instrumental Logic, Philosophy of Technology, and the Unfinished Project of Modernity; Dewey in Cross-Cultural Dialogue; The American Philosophical Tradition, the Social Sciences, and Religion; and Public Philosophy and Practical Ethics.
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Gelbar, Nicholas W., ed. Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190624828.001.0001.
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Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Clinical Handbook is an edited volume that summarizes the current state of the research concerning adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This is important, as the research indicates that young adults have low rates of attendance in post-secondary education, of being competitively employed, and of living independently. Traditionally, the field of autism has focused on early screening, diagnosis, and intervention. The poor outcomes indicate that individuals with ASD experience lifelong struggles, and few other books have focused on adolescents and young adults with ASD. Experts from a multitude of disciplines serving this population have written chapters that summarize the research in their area of expertise and offer practical suggestions for clinicians, teachers, and parents. Each chapter provides a bullet-point abstract, a list of additional resources, and study questions. These features are designed to make it useful for college-level instructors. In addition, each chapter provides suggestions for future research, which are designed to move the field forward.
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Boffone, Trevor. Renegades. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197577677.001.0001.
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Renegades: Digital Dance Cultures from Dubsmash to TikTok interrogates the roles that Dubsmash, social media, and hip hop music and dance play in youth identity formation in the United States. It explores why Generation Z—so-called Zoomers—use social media dance apps to connect, how they use them to build relationships, how race and other factors of identity play out through these apps, how social media dance shapes a wider cultural context, and how community is formed in the same way that it might be in a club. These Zoomer artists—namely D1 Nayah, Jalaiah Harmon, TisaKorean, Brooklyn Queen, Kayla Nicole Jones, and Dr. Boffone’s high school students—have become key agents in culture creation and dissemination in the age of social media dance and music. These Black artists are some of today’s most influential content creators, even if they lack widespread name recognition. Their artistic contributions have come to define a generation. And yet, up until this point, the majority of influential Dubsmashers have not been recognized for their influence on US popular culture. This book tells their stories.
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Schotter, Jesse. Coda: The Rosetta Stone. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474424776.003.0008.
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Hieroglyphs have persisted for so long in the Western imagination because of the malleability of their metaphorical meanings. Emblems of readability and unreadability, universality and difference, writing and film, writing and digital media, hieroglyphs serve to encompass many of the central tensions in understandings of race, nation, language and media in the twentieth century. For Pound and Lindsay, they served as inspirations for a more direct and universal form of writing; for Woolf, as a way of treating the new medium of film and our perceptions of the world as a kind of language. For Conrad and Welles, they embodied the hybridity of writing or the images of film; for al-Hakim and Mahfouz, the persistence of links between ancient Pharaonic civilisation and a newly independent Egypt. For Joyce, hieroglyphs symbolised the origin point for the world’s cultures and nations; for Pynchon, the connection between digital code and the novel. In their modernist interpretations and applications, hieroglyphs bring together writing and new media technologies, language and the material world, and all the nations and languages of the globe....
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Smith, Jennifer J. Writing Time in Metaphors. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474423939.003.0004.
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Coherence of place often exists alongside irregularities in time in cycles, and chapter three turns to cycles linked by temporal markers. Ray Bradbury’s The Martian Chronicles (1950) follows a linear chronology and describes the exploration, conquest, and repopulation of Mars by humans. Conversely, Louise Erdrich’s Love Medicine (1984) jumps back and forth across time to narrate the lives of interconnected families in the western United States. Bradbury’s cycle invokes a confluence of historical forces—time as value-laden, work as a calling, and travel as necessitating standardized time—and contextualizes them in relation to anxieties about the space race. Erdrich’s cycle invokes broader, oppositional conceptions of time—as recursive and arbitrary and as causal and meaningful—to depict time as implicated in an entire system of measurement that made possible the destruction and exploitation of the Chippewa people. Both volumes understand the United States to be preoccupied with imperialist impulses. Even as they critique such projects, they also point to the tenacity with which individuals encounter these systems, and they do so by creating “interstitial temporalities,” which allow them to navigate time at the crossroads of language and culture.
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Nash, Geoffrey. Abdullah Quilliam, Marmaduke Pickthall and the Politics of Christendom and the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190688349.003.0006.
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Abdullah Quilliam and Marmaduke Pickthall are arguably the most significant British converts to Islam in the period of their lifetimes. Much has been made of both men’s attempts to balance loyalty to Islam with their membership of the British nation. This chapter discusses the context of their leave-taking from Christianity before situating them as international Muslim actors. It probes their divergences, notably over the issue of Sultan Abd al-Hamid II’s Caliphate and pro-Turkish agitation during the First World War, and their similarities on the Ottoman issue and its relation to their visions of Islam as a living faith. Increasingly scrutiny returns to the Ottoman polity and the significance of its loss for Islam in the modern world. Their varied responses raise stimulating perspectives on whether modernist thought of the Young Ottoman/Turk type has anything to offer, and if the search for a unified Islamic authority still has purchase, as well as what role if any race and nationalism should have in a confluence of Islamic peoples. Both men warned of dangers facing the Muslim umma, before the Ottoman reference point was lost and extremism, fundamentalism, radicalism and sectarian conflict became norms.
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Hasan, Zoya, Aziz Z. Huq, Martha C. Nussbaum, and Vidhu Verma, eds. The Empire of Disgust. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199487837.001.0001.
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All known societies exclude and stigmatize one or more minority groups. Frequently these exclusions are underwritten with a rhetoric of disgust: people of a certain group, it is alleged, are filthy, hyper-animal, or not fit to share such facilities as drinking water, food, and public swimming pools with the ‘clean’ and ‘fully human’ majority. But exclusions vary in their scope and also in the specific disgust-ideologies underlying them. In this volume, interdisciplinary scholars from the United States and India present a detailed comparative study of the varieties of prejudice and stigma that pervade contemporary social and political life: prejudice along the axes of caste, race, gender, age, sexual orientation, transgender, disability, religion, and economic class. In examining these forms of stigma and their intersections, the authors present theoretically pluralistic and empirically sensitive accounts that both explain group-based stigma and suggest ways forward. These forward-looking remedies, including group resistance to subordination as well as institutional and legal change, point the way towards a public culture that is informed by our diverse histories of discrimination and therefore equipped to eliminate stigma in all of its multifaceted forms.
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Rose, Chelsea, and J. Ryan Kennedy, eds. Chinese Diaspora Archaeology in North America. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066356.001.0001.
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Chinese diaspora archaeology in North America is at a tipping point. On one hand, archaeologists have collected tremendous amounts of data and made significant contributions to our understanding of Chinese immigrant life; on the other, the field remains slow to move past outdated approaches that rely on dichotomies of continuity and change that essentialize Chinese immigrants. This volume will challenge tired approaches and provide models for future work by bringing together chapters from scholars working on new and more nuanced approaches for interpreting Chinese diaspora archaeological sites in North America. Chapters will address the conceptualization of the field (as diaspora, in relation to Asian American studies, etc.), highlight the diversity of Chinese contexts in North America (urban and rural Chinatowns, mining communities, railroad camps, etc.), foregrounding the understudied aspects of Chinese migrant life (entrepreneurialism, cross–cultural interaction, creativity, etc.). Rather than being a report on the state of the field, our goal is that this volume will instead actualize change and shape the future direction of the sub–discipline, as well as bring Chinese diaspora archaeology into broader discussions about topics such as race and migration.