Academic literature on the topic 'Point-to-point races'
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Journal articles on the topic "Point-to-point races"
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Smith, L. J., G. Tabor, and J. Williams. "A retrospective case control study to investigate race level risk factors associated with horse falls in Irish point-to-point races." Comparative Exercise Physiology 14, no. 2 (June 6, 2018): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep170034.
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Horseracing as a high-risk sport can pose a significant risk to equine welfare. To date no epidemiological reviews of fall risk in horseracing have investigated the risks specific to point-to-point (PTP) racing. This study aimed to identify the main race level risk factors associated with horse falls in Irish PTP and to compare these to published findings for hurdle and steeplechase racing. The study used a retrospective case-control design. Relevant variables were identified and information was collated for all PTP races in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 seasons. Race-level variables were analysed through univariable analysis to inform multivariable model building. A final multivariable logistic regression model was refined, using fall/no fall as the dependent variable, through a backward stepwise process with variables retained if likelihood ratio test P-values were <0.05. During the study period 1,358 PTP races were recorded, 727 races (54%) included at least one horse fall. The fall frequency noted during the current study was 88/1000 starts. Race category impacted the odds of a fall occurring with all categories of maiden races having increased odds of falls compared to open races. Maiden races for 6 year olds and 6 and 7 year olds had the greatest chance of falling with 6.9 times increased odds. The chance of a race containing a fall increased 38% for each additional runner and was reduced by 25% for every horse that pulled up during the race. Using a larger data set could enable further sub-models to be developed. In the current study some of the variables had a low number of cases and/or controls which limited the analysis. Retrospective analysis of fall risk exposed some risk factors that have been previously identified in hurdle and steeplechase racing. The variables identified could inform future research and interventions aimed at improving horse and jockey safety whilst racing.
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Smith, L. J., G. Tabor, and J. Williams. "A retrospective case-control study to investigate horse and jockey level risk factors associated with horse falls in Irish Point-to-Point races." Comparative Exercise Physiology 16, no. 3 (March 23, 2020): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep190054.
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Horse racing as a high-risk sport can pose a significant risk to equine welfare. There have been limited epidemiological reviews of fall risk specific to point-to-point racing. This study aimed to identify horse and jockey level risk factors associated with horse falls and compare these to published findings for Hurdle and Steeplechase racing. The study used a retrospective matched case-control design. Relevant variables were identified, and information was collated for all races in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons. Cases and controls were matched with a 1:3 ratio. Controls (n=2,547) were selected at random from all horses that completed in the same race (n=849). Horse and jockey level variables were analysed through univariable analysis to inform multivariable model building. A final matched case-control multivariable logistic regression model was refined, using fall/no fall as the dependent variable, through a backward stepwise process. Horse age was associated with an increased risk of horse falls. For every 1 unit increase in age there was a 1.2 times increased fall risk. The number of races ran within 12 months was associated with a decreased risk of falling. The jockeys previous seasons percentage wins was associated with the risk of horse falls. Jockeys who had 0-4% wins and 5-9% wins had an increase in risk compared to those who had over 20% wins/runs. The jockeys previous seasons percentage of falls (F) or unseating of the rider (UR) was associated with the risk of horse falls with jockeys who had over 20% F/UR having a 50% increased chance of falling compared to those who had 0-4% F/UR. Retrospective analysis of horse and jockey falls has exposed risk factors that have been previously identified in hurdle and steeplechase racing. Identification of risk factors is essential when considering future research and interventions aimed at improving horse and jockey safety.
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SWYNGHEDAUW, BERNARD. "Human races and evolutionary medicine." European Review 11, no. 3 (July 2003): 437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798703000371.
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Data from the Human Genome Programme has clearly established that the human race is unique. Attempts to identify separately Black, Caucasian and Asian, did not establish a biological basis, which is an interesting socioeconomic point. Evolutionary medicine takes the view that many contemporary diseases are likely to result from the incompatibility between a contemporary lifestyle and dietary habits and the conditions under which the evolutionary pressure had modified our genetic inheritance. The search for gene variants or mutations, which could be associated with arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis and/or cancer, should be directed towards such metabolic genes.
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Fullmer, Elliott, and Rebecca Daniel. "Invisible Coattails: Presidential Approval and Gubernatorial Elections, 1994–2014." Forum 16, no. 2 (July 26, 2018): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/for-2018-0013.
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AbstractHoping to insulate their contests from national politics, thirty-six states hold their gubernatorial elections in national midterm election years. Many scholars have assessed whether presidential evaluations nevertheless have an effect on these races, though findings have varied. We offer a new approach to examining this question, relying on underutilized state-level presidential approval data preceding 143 gubernatorial races across six national midterm election cycles. Accounting for the effects of state ideology, gubernatorial approval, campaign spending, state economic performance, and incumbency, we report that presidential approval has a positive and significant effect on the performance of the presidential party in gubernatorial races. The substantive effects are modest, though still potentially meaningful. In the primary specification, an additional six points of presidential approval is associated with about one additional point of gubernatorial vote share.
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Perera, Modika R., Sharyn P. Taylor, Vivien A. Vanstone, and Michael G. K. Jones. "Protein biomarkers to distinguish oat and lucerne races of the stem nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci, with quarantine significance for Western Australia." Nematology 11, no. 4 (2009): 555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138855409x12465362560557.
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Abstract The stem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci, is a serious pest of forage, horticultural and other crops. The two races of D. dipsaci that occur in Australia are the oat and lucerne races. These two races have the 'normal' morphology compared to the 'giant' type that attacks Vicia faba. The oat and lucerne races have been found in eastern Australia but not in Western Australia. There are no morphological or specific molecular tests to differentiate races within closely related 'normal' types of D. dipsaci. The aim of this work was to find protein biomarkers that would differentiate oat and lucerne races of D. dipsaci using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS), 2-D PAGE and associated proteomics techniques. Three protein biomarkers at m/z 4313 ± 0.1%, 6300 ± 0.1% and 7460 ± 0.1% were found that discriminate the oat and lucerne races of D. dipsaci using MALDI-TOFMS. The biomarker at m/z 4313 ± 0.1% was the prominent race-specific marker for the lucerne race and is almost absent in the oat race. In addition, proteomic maps were obtained by 2-D PAGE of proteins extracted from oat and lucerne races of D. dipsaci. This analysis allowed a comparison of acetone soluble proteins of oat and lucerne races of D. dipsaci. A prominent protein spot was identified with an isoelectric point (pI) of about 5 and molecular mass ca 4.5 kDa for the lucerne race, which was absent in the oat race. This particular protein was trypsin-digested and analysed by MALDI-TOFMS and MALDI-TOF-TOFMS. The resultant spectra of peptide mass fingerprints (PMF) showed two major peptides at m/z 845 ± 0.1%, 916 ± 0.1% and a less intense peptide at m/z 1258 ± 0.1%. De novo sequencing and MS/MS interpreted amino acid sequences are presented.
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Gray, Colin S. "Arms races and other pathetic fallacies: a case for deconstruction." Review of International Studies 22, no. 3 (July 1, 1996): 323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500118571.
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It is only fair to readers that I declare my unusually personal interest in the book that is the principal subject of this review essay. I was a (overall favourable) reviewer of an early version of Plowshares into Swords—albeit for a university press other than the one finally chosen by Grant Hammond—as the author attests in a generous acknowledgement. In addition, and rather more to the point, Hammond suggests strongly that the conceptual provenance of his study owes some debt to a 1971 article of mine. In Hammond's words:
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Cohen, Philip N. "How Troubling Is Our Inheritance? A Review of Genetics and Race in the Social Sciences." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 661, no. 1 (August 10, 2015): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716215587673.
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This article addresses the argument that there is variation between races in the biological basis for social behavior. The article uses Nicholas Wade’s popular book, A Troublesome Inheritance, as the point of departure for a discussion of attendant issues, including the extent to which human races can be definitively demarcated biologically, the extent to which genetics is related to contemporary definitions of race, and the role of natural selection as a possible mechanism for change in modern societies. My critical review of the theory and evidence for an evolutionary view of racial determinism finds that genetics does not explain the relative status and well-being of today’s racially identified groups or their broader societies.
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Moala, Jale. "Copy versus custom." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 7, no. 1 (September 1, 2001): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v7i1.698.
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The coup polarised the races in Fiji— or so it seemed, thus creating a situation in which many reporters found it difficult to focus on the issues from a totally impartial point of view. They were swept away by the euphoria of the moment and the tension and the emotion that charged the event. This was true of both indigenous Fijian and Indo-Fijian reporters.
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Yin, Chang Shik, Hi-Joon Park, Jung-Chul Seo, Sabina Lim, and Hyeong-Gyun Koh. "An Evaluation of the Cun Measurement System of Acupuncture Point Location." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 33, no. 05 (January 2005): 729–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x05003284.
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Locating acupuncture points reliably and reproducibly is indispensable for the scientific research of acupuncture and for assuring the best care of patients. Unreliable point location can produce confounding results for acupuncture research and clinical practice. Two traditional methods of point location are currently used, directional (F-cun) and proportional (B-cun) methods, which are collectively called the cun measurement system. Reports have been published on the validity of the cun measurement system in Australian subjects; however, as acupuncture originated in ancient East China, it is possible that anthropometric data may differ in Asian people and other races. Therefore, we measured anthropometric data according to the cun measurement system in contemporary Korean patients. The F-cun measurements were significantly different from the B-cun measurements and varied significantly according to the arbitrarily selected F-cun standard. In addition, we observed further differences of F-cun measurements in the extremities of obese subjects. We concluded that the F-cun method is unreliable and that further research should be conducted to determine a more accurate point-locating method primarily based on the B-cun method.
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Paperny, M. L. "Jewish woman's basin. A living full-term Jewish child." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 11, no. 3 (December 22, 2020): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd113281-290.
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Already in the first half of this century, attention was drawn to the extremely important and interesting fact that the size and shape of the pelvis of an adult woman are significantly different in individuals belonging to different races, peoples, tribes. This phenomenon is especially important from the obstetric point of view, was subsequently confirmed by the works of numerous authors and is now considered a fact beyond any doubt.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Point-to-point races"
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Khoury, Gregory Robert. "A strategic, system-based knowledge management approach to dealing with high error rates in the deployment of point-of-care devices." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96206.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.There is a growing trend towards the use of point of care testing in resource poor settings, in particular in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Tuberculosis (TB) and Malaria. The Alere PIMA CD4 counter is widely used as a point of care device in the staging and management of HIV. While the instrument has been extensively validated and shown to be comparable to central laboratory testing, little is known about the error rates of these devices, as well as the factors that contribute to error rates. This research was a retrospective analysis of error rates from 61 PIMA point of care devices deployed in nine African countries belonging to Medisciens Sans Frontiers. The data was collected between January 2011 and June 2013. The objectives of the study were to determine the overall error rate and, where possible, determine the root cause. Thereafter the study aimed to determine the variables that contribute to the root causes and make recommendations to reduce the error rate. The overall error was determined to be 13.2 percent. The errors were further divided into four root causes and error rates assigned to each root cause based on the error codes generated by the instrument. These error rates were found to be operator error (48.4%), instrument error (2.0%), reagent/cartridge error (1%) and sample error (4.3%). It was found that a high percentage of the errors were ambiguous (44.3%), meaning that they had more than one possible root cause. A systems-based knowledge management approach was used to create a qualitative politicised influence diagram, which described the variables that affect each of the root causes. The influence diagram was subjected to loop analysis where individual loops were described in terms of the knowledge type (tacit or explicit), the knowing type (know-how, know-who, know-what and know-why), and the actors involved with each variable. Where possible, the variable was described as contributing to pre-analytical, analytical or post-analytical error. Recommendations to reduce the error rates for each of the variables were then made based on the findings.
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Bigham, Kari A. "Evaluation and application of the Bank Assessment for Non-Point Source Consequences of Sediment (BANCS) model developed to predict annual streambank erosion rates." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32874.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Biological & Agricultural Engineering
Trisha L. Moore
Excess sediment is a leading cause of stream impairment in the United States, resulting in poor water quality, sedimentation of downstream waterbodies, and damage to aquatic ecosystems. Numerous case studies have found that accelerated bank erosion can be the main contributor of sediment in impaired streams. An empirically-derived "Bank Assessment for Non-Point Source Consequences of Sediment" (BANCS) model can be developed for a specific hydrophysiographic region to rapidly estimate sediment yield from streambank erosion, based on both physical and observational measurements of a streambank. This study aims to address model criticisms by (1) evaluating the model’s repeatability and sensitivity and (2) examining the developmental process of a BANCS model by attempting to create an annual streambank erosion rate prediction curve for the Central Great Plains ecoregion. To conduct the repeatability and sensitivity analysis of the BANCS model, ten stream professionals with experience utilizing the model individually evaluated the same six streambanks twice in the summer of 2015. To determine the model’s repeatability, individual streambank evaluations, as well as groups of evaluations based on level of Rosgen course training, were compared utilizing Kendall’s coefficient of concordance and a linear model with a randomized complete block design. Additionally, a one-at-a-time design approach was implemented to test sensitivity of model inputs. Statistical analysis of individual streambank evaluations suggests that the implementation of the BANCS model may not be repeatable. This may be due to highly sensitive model inputs, such as streambank height and near-bank stress method selection, and/or highly uncertain model inputs, such as bank material. Furthermore, it was found that higher level of training may improve model implementation precision. In addition to the repeatability and sensitivity analysis, the BANCS model developmental process was examined through the creation of a provisional streambank erosion rate prediction curve for the Central Great Plains ecoregion. Streambank erosion data was collected sporadically from 2006 to 2016 from eighteen study banks within the sediment-impaired Little Arkansas River watershed of south-central Kansas. Model fit was observed to follow the same trends, but with greater dispersion, when compared to other created models throughout the United States and eastern India. This increase in variability could be due to (1) obtaining streambank erosion data sporadically over a 10-year period with variable streamflows, (2) BEHI/NBS ratings obtained only once in recent years, masking the spatiotemporal variability of streambank erosion, (3) lack of observations, and (4) use of both bank profiles and bank pin measurements to calculate average retreat rates. Based on the results of this study, a detailed model creation procedure was suggested that addresses several model limitations and criticisms. Recommendations provided in the methodology include (1) more accurate measurement of sensitive/uncertain BEHI/NBS parameters, (2) multiple assessments by trained professionals to obtain accurate and precise BEHI/NBS ratings, (3) the use of repeated bank profiles to calculate bank erosion rates, and (4) the development of flow-dependent curves based on annually assessed study banks. Subsequent studies should incorporate these findings to improve upon the suggested methodology and increase the predictive power of future BANCS models.
Books on the topic "Point-to-point races"
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The races came off: The story of point-to-point racing in South and West Wales, 1887-1985. Cardiff: B. Lee, 1986.
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Worrall, Margaret. The My Lady's Manor races, 1909-2009. Ann Arbor: Sheridan Books, 2009.
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Johler, Reinhard, Christian Marchetti, and Monique Scheer, eds. Doing Anthropology in Wartime and War Zones. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839414224.
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World War I marks a well-known turning point in anthropology, and this volume is the first to examine the variety of forms it took in Europe. Distinct national traditions emerged and institutes were founded, partly due to collaborations with the military. Researchers in the cultural sciences used war zones to gain access to »informants«: prisoner-of-war and refugee camps, occupied territories, even the front lines. Anthropologists tailored their inquiries to aid the war effort, contributed to interpretations of the war as a »struggle« between »races«, and assessed the »warlike« nature of the Balkan region, whose crises were key to the outbreak of the Great War.
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Kádár, Judit Ágnes, and András Tarnóc, eds. La Frontera. Szeged, Hungary: Department of American Studies, University of Szeged, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/americana.books.2016.frontera.
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The essays in this book have one common denominator, the discussion of the concept of the border in American culture. Partly motivated by a symposium held on this very topic in late 2014 at Eszterházy Károly University of Applied Sciences of Eger, Hungary, the subsequent call for papers resulted in a variety of submissions. The starting point of all essays was Gloria Anzaldua’s statement: “[B]orderlands are not specific to the [American] Southwest. In fact the borderlands are physically present wherever two or more cultures edge each other, where people of different races occupy the same territory, where under, lower, middle and upper classes touch, where the space between two individuals shrinks with intimacy.”As a whole the nine articles involved treat issues related to the actual U.S.-Mexico border and U.S.-Canadian border, investigate the consequences of the encounter of different cultures, and examine the borderlines discernible in popular culture including film and music, literature, i.e. slave narratives and history.
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E, Williams Lee. Post-war riots in America, 1919 and 1946: How the pressures of war exacerbated American urban tensions to the breaking point. Lewiston, N.Y: E. Mellen Press, 1991.
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Board, Canada National Energy. Reasons for decision in the matter of TransCanada Pipelines Limited: Application for approval to establish a new receipt and delivery point, the North Bay Junction, and for the corresponding tolls for services to and from the point. Calgary: National Energy Board, 2004.
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Barger, Lilian Calles. A New Orthodoxy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190695392.003.0013.
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This chapter turns to the critical 1975 Detroit Theology in the Americas conference, where liberationists encountered difficulties in establishing a coalition across race, class, and sex, and between North American black, feminist, and Latin American theologians. The relationship with the U.S. empire showed itself to be a critical point of difference. Nevertheless, reverberation from the conference changed the theological discourse, producing liberal resistance and marshaling conservatives against liberation theology.
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Bhopal, Raj S. The concept of risk and fundamental measures of disease frequency: Incidence and prevalence. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739685.003.0007.
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In epidemiology, risk refers to the likelihood, or in statistical language probability, of an individual in a defined population developing a disease or other adverse health problem. The prime measures of disease frequency, including probability of outcomes, in epidemiology are incidence rates and prevalence proportions. The incidence rate is the number of new cases in relation to a population, time, and place. Prevalence proportion measures all disease or a risk factor in a population, either at a particular time (point prevalence) or over a time period (period prevalence, lifetime prevalence). Rates and proportions are most accurately presented by age and sex groups (‘specific’ rates and proportions), but for ease of interpretation they may be grouped as overall, actual (crude) rates. The collection of both disease, risk factor and population data to achieve accurate figures of incidence rates and prevalence proportions is problematic, and remains a major challenge.
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Reasons for Decision in the Matter of Transcanada Pipelines Limited: Application for Approval to Establish a New Receipt and Delivery Point, the North. Canadian Government Publishing, 2004.
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Turda, Marius. Race, Science, and Eugenics in the Twentieth Century. Edited by Alison Bashford and Philippa Levine. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195373141.013.0004.
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This article aims to go beyond the existing scholarship on eugenics and to point out the complex intertwining of visions of racial improvement with eugenic hybrids during the twentieth century. It offers an insight into the convoluted relationship between race and eugenics. It contributes to the increasingly polarized current discussion about the eternal return of eugenics. It evaluates the degree and nature of conceptual transfers of eugenic knowledge and ideas and addresses eugenics' key components. Race is a central component in the eugenic imagination and this centrality provides an insight into a larger debate, known as the nature-nurture debate. The examples of eugenic thinking on race are provided in this article. It illustrates that the study of twentieth-century eugenics is currently undergoing a remarkable transformation and contributes in new and refreshing ways to our understanding of eugenics and race.
Book chapters on the topic "Point-to-point races"
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Bindseil, Ulrich, and Alessio Fotia. "Conventional Monetary Policy." In Introduction to Central Banking, 29–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70884-9_3.
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AbstractThis chapter introduces conventional monetary policy, i.e. monetary policy during periods of economic and financial stability and when short-term interest rates are not constrained by the zero lower bound. We introduce the concept of an operational target of monetary policy and explain why central banks normally give this role to the short-term interbank rate. We briefly touch macroeconomics by outlining how central banks should set interest rates across time to achieve their ultimate target, e.g. price stability, and we acknowledge the complications in doing so. We then zoom further into monetary policy operations and central bank balance sheets by developing the concepts of autonomous factor, monetary policy instruments, and liquidity-absorbing and liquidity providing balance sheet items. Subsequently we explain how these quantities relate to short-term interest rates, and how the central bank can rely on this relation to steer its operational target, and thereby the starting point of monetary policy transmission. Finally, we explain the importance of the collateral framework and related risk control measures (e.g. haircuts) for the liquidity of banks and for the conduct of central bank credit operations.
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Nowicka, Magdalena, and Elahe Haschemi Yekani. "Conclusion: Revising Intersectionality." In Revisualising Intersectionality, 115–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93209-1_5.
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AbstractIn the conclusion of Revisualising Intersectionality, Nowicka and Haschemi Yekani underscore the need for a transdisciplinary revision of the visual anchoring of difference in scientific knowledge production. In cognitive and psychological research, the habitual use of gender or race as categories that can be accessed by relying on visual inputs needs to be questioned. In the social sciences, a careful analysis of scopic regimes of difference can help overcome simplifications both of social constructivism and of biological determinism. In analyses of cultural representation, circular explanatory models of stereotypes producing “bad images” which would be alleviated through “positive images” should be avoided. To this end, the authors suggest learning from artistic research and practice to assume another point of view and disrupt preconceived orders.
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Shuback, Alan. "Introduction." In Hollywood at the Races, 1–3. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813178295.003.0001.
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The invention of the wheel is frequently cited as a seminal turning point in the history of human development, but that grand event was surely predated by an equally important occurrence: the first time a man managed to climb onto a horse’s back and ride the animal an appreciable distance without falling off. Since that long-ago day in the misty past, horses have become an integral part of human society, providing us with recreation, sport, companionship, a means of transportation, an ally in war, and an aid to labor, as well as supplying an object lesson in the appreciation of beauty. Simply looking at horses makes a person feel better....
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"Gender, Race, and Class:." In The Point is to Change the World, 223–45. Pluto Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvzsmdr2.34.
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Coulmas, Florian. "Champagne and algorithms." In Language, Writing, and Mobility, 1–14. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192897435.003.0001.
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Abstract Using as point of departure two common terms, ‘champagne’ and ‘algorithm’, which, as loanwords, have found their way into the vocabularies of languages around the world, this chapter lays the groundwork for a sociology of language grounded in mobility. As argued in this chapter, such an approach not only does justice to the processual nature of language and society, but in view of current concerns with migration in Western countries is also expedient. The focus on mobility has three aspects, speakers, languages and words. Peoples, races, cultures, and languages are often conceptualized as pure, authentic, and uncontaminated. As the study of language contact reveals, this is an indefensible vision of language.
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"Organizing within and against Race Divides:." In The Point is to Change the World, 77–97. Pluto Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvzsmdr2.14.
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Mills, Melinda A. "Conclusion." In The Colors of Love, 211–18. NYU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479802401.003.0007.
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In the concluding chapter of the book, the author poses the question, “Where do we go from here?” as a means of interrogating and exposing the (false) promises projected onto multiracial people. In constructing a narrative of racially mixed people as “bridge builders,” society conveyed its hopes for members of the “two or more races” population to do the work of an entire nation. Quite the imposition for “Generation E.A.,” the consequence of bearing such a burden was, arguably, some inevitable failure. To this point, the author reflects on how hopeful projections about demographic trends have all but dashed grand visions of a post-racial utopia in the United States. More often than not, multiracial people are reinforcing, rather than blurring, racial lines.
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"Three Letters against Race Violence [2004, 2008]." In The Point is to Change the World, 98–104. Pluto Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvzsmdr2.15.
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"Women as Collateral Damage in Race Violence [2002]." In The Point is to Change the World, 205–9. Pluto Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvzsmdr2.30.
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Shaheen, Aaron. "Redeeming Reconstruction." In Great War Prostheses in American Literature and Culture, 54–95. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198857785.003.0003.
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The chapter assesses the government-sponsored periodical Carry On, which frequently used the term “spirit” not just to describe the resilience of individual disabled veterans, but also the intellectual and artistic capabilities that distinguished Anglo-Americans from other races and ethnicities. In its run from 1918 to 1919,Carry On showcased the federal government’s new rehabilitative and vocational services by implicitly and explicitly drawing on evolutionary frameworks to show that only Anglo-American men were capable of transforming a prosthetic into a soul-enriching, civilization-advancing device. To make this point clearer, the magazine features several disabled African American soldiers, whose evolutionary stagnancy renders them unable to make prosthetics spiritually transformative instruments. Their depicted deficiencies are similar to the articles’ renderings of German primitiveness and brutality. In this light, the magazine shows just how slippery and manipulative racial codification could be in the opening decades of the twentieth century.
Conference papers on the topic "Point-to-point races"
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Roa, Sergio D., and Luis E. Muñoz. "Optimal Planning of the Bike Change Strategy for Hilly Time-Trials on Cycling." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60331.
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During the individual time-trial competitions in cycling, the cyclist’s skills are essential, but it is also important the race strategy. The race strategy includes the manner in which the cyclist competes and the selection and set-up of the cycling equipment. For hilly time-trials, part of the race strategy consists of the right selection of the bike type. Depending on the characteristics of the road such as total distance and altitude profile, a time-trial bike or a traditional road bike could be used. Additionally, in some races it is possible to change bike type as a part of the strategy. This strategy seeks to take advantage of time-trial bikes during low gradient sections and to take advantage of road bikes during high gradient sections. The purpose of this work is to plan an optimal bike change strategy to determine if it is advantageous to change the bike type, and if so, to find the point of the route where the change minimizes race time. The optimal planning methodology is based on a bike model, a simplified altitude profile and an optimization problem. A model parameters identification process is performed based on experimental tests in a hilly route. This route is used as a case study for the optimal planning of the bike change strategy.
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Philpott, Andy, and Andrew Mason. "Optimising Yacht Routes Under Uncertainty." In SNAME 15th Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium. SNAME, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/csys-2001-009.
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The planning of routes for sailing vessels is subject to uncertainty from the weather. This is particularly important in yacht racing where the accuracy of a weather prediction can determine the outcome of a race. With a perfect weather forecast it is possible to use the polar tables of a given yacht to compute a route that minimises its arrival time at its destination. Software that does this for racing yachts is now a standard part of most commercial instrumentation packages. With uncertain weather information the routing problem becomes more difficult. We review two models for optimising yacht routes under uncertainty about the weather. The first of these is suitable for short course racing. It treats the wind as a Markov process, and based on observations of the wind ditrection, it computes tacking and heading decisions at each point of the course so as to minimise the expected arrival time at the next mark. The second model, which is intended for ocean races, models the weather using ensemble forecasts rather than a Markov process. In both models it is possible to represent risk-averse and risk-seeking behaviour.
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Gupta, T. C., and K. Gupta. "Correlation of Parameters to Instability and Chaos of a Horizontal Flexible Rotor Ball Bearing System." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95308.
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The higher order effects from ball bearing nonlinearities cause complex vibration characteristics in rotor ball bearing systems. The sources of nonlinearities are internal radial clearance, Hertzian contact forces between balls and races and varying compliance effect. The same authors in their earlier work have identified the sets of parameters corresponding to instability and chaos for a horizontal flexible rotor supported on deep groove ball bearing. To the best of author’s knowledge, there is not much work reported in the literature on the dynamic analysis for instability and chaos, which is based on energy functions and bearing loads. Extending the preceding research work in the present paper by using a typical set of parameters and specifications of rotor ball bearing system, a correlation of parameters to instability and chaos is attempted using different energy functions associated with the dynamical system. A generalized Timoshenko beam finite element formulation is used to model the flexible rotor shaft. To achieve the convergence of solution with smaller number of elements, shape functions are derived from the exact solutions of governing differential equations of Timoshenko beam element. The sources of excitation are rotating unbalance and parametric excitation due to varying compliance of ball bearing during motion. For the bearing used in the present paper, the ratio of these excitation frequencies comes out to be an irrational number. Therefore, the dynamic response would be quasi-periodic with time period equal to infinity. To extend the use of non-autonomous shooting method to derive quasi-periodic solution, the fixed point algorithm (FPA) proposed in the literature is used to deduce the time period for non-autonomous shooting algorithm. The shooting method otherwise is used only to derive periodic solutions. Thus the non-autonomous shooting method coupled with fixed point algorithm (FPA) is used to compute the quasi-periodic solution, which also gives the monodromy matrix. The eigenvalues of the monodromy matrix, called Floqoet multipliers, give information about instability. The chaotic nature of the dynamic response is established by the maximum value of Lyapunov exponent. Once the instability and chaos is confirmed based on computed values of Floquet multipliers and Lyapunov exponents, the nature of the work done (positive or negative) by different conservative and non-conservative forces and moments during motion are analyzed and the fundamental causes, which make the system response unstable and / or chaotic, are established.
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Piloni, M., A. G. Milani, and M. Baggiolil. "A new millimeter-wave synthesizer for point to point radio supporting high data rates using complex modulation formats." In 2005 European Microwave Conference. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eumc.2005.1608835.
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Yang, Haoliang, Catrin Mair Davies, Paul Hooper, Andy Morris, and John Dear. "A Novel Image Processing Method for ARCMAC Point to Point Optical Strain Measurement." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97209.
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The remaining life of high pressure steam pipes in power stations is heavily dependent upon material creep rates. Monitoring strain in these pipes is difficult due to demanding operational conditions and has resulted in the development of a rugged optical strain gauge system by E.ON UK. The E.ON UK auto-reference creep management and control (ARCMAC) gauge is a point-to-point biaxial creep strain measurement technique. Room temperature validation of the gauge was done using a UK National Physical Laboratory (NPL) extensometer calibration rig (ECR). These gauges have been successfully installed and measurements have been acquired on high temperature (∼600 °C) low-alloy ferritic steel power plant piping. In conjunction with the ARCMAC gauges, research has been ongoing to seek effective methods to process the corresponding ARCMAC images. This paper describes a novel image processing method for the analysis of ARCMAC images. This method processes ARCMAC images with high efficiency and accuracy even if images were taken in demanding environmental conditions. This novel image processing method has been developed into a standalone software program named ARCMAC Assistant to assist both experiment and field work. Experiments involving calibration test work and in-situ creep tests have been used to validate its accuracy.
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Reardon, Arthur C., Andrew Freborg, Zhichao (Charlie) Li, and Lynn Ferguson. "Investigating a Die Quench Cracking Problem in 52100 Steel Bearing Rings With Computer Simulation." In ASME 2016 11th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2016-8739.
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Quenching using a press with controlled die loads, commonly referred to as press quenching, is a specialized technique used to minimize distortion of critical components such as gears and high quality bearing races. Improper press load magnitudes or timing of the load application may restrict part movement during quenching to the point of imposing stresses that cause cracking, especially in a common bearing steel such as AISI 52100, high carbon, high strength steel. This paper applies a finite element based heat treat simulation tool, DANTE®, to investigate the sensitivity of cracking to press quenching process parameters. The typical method for designing a press quench process to control flatness, out-of-round, and taper is by experience coupled with trial-and-error. This is accomplished by adjusting oil flow rates, flow directions, die loads, and the timing of die loads. Metallurgical phase transformations occur during the quenching process as austenite transforms to martensite and possibly to diffusive phases. Thermal contraction due to cooling and volumetric expansion due to the phase changes therefore occur simultaneously during the heat treating process. A constantly changing stress state is present in the part, and improperly applied die loads, oil flow or oil flow rate can add additional stress to result in cracking. An inconsistent cracking problem in an AISI 52100 bearing ring was evaluated using production trials, but the process statistics were not conclusive in identifying the source of the problem. Heat treatment process modeling using DANTE was used to investigate the effects of quench rate, die load pulsing, and several other process variables to determine how these parameters impact the resulting stresses generated during the press quenching operation.
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Georgiou, Ioannis T., and Nikolaos Kintzios. "Discovering Irregular Diagnostic Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Signatures in Healthy Marine Ball Bearings." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89173.
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Presented is a structural health condition diagnosis based on optimal space-time decompositions of ensembles of acceleration signals developed in the complex physical domain of marine ball bearings when interrogated by a set of diagnostic impulsive forces. Ensembles of diagnostic forces and ensembles of collocated responses acceleration signals are decomposed into proper orthogonal modes. Typical inner and ensembles of nondestructive impact diagnostic forces covering three times the inner and outer races are strongly dominated by a single POD mode with uniform spatial distribution and a sharp pulse time modulation. There exist high order modes with very small amount of energy. This indicates that the impact response of the suspended ball bearing depends slightly on the impact location. Diametrically opposite, the typical ensemble of radial acceleration signals collected at a point on the outer race has a very broad POD energy spectrum. All POD modes have energy fractions of the same order and irregular (no periodic) space modulations. Despite this spatial irregularity, all POD spatial modulations have astonishingly common statistical properties: nearly zero mean values, and nearly identical standard deviations at the value level of the uniform spatial distribution of the dominant POD mode of the ensembles of diagnostic forces. The result is that the healthy ball bearing spreads nearly evenly the energy of collocated acceleration signals to a large number of POD modes. The analysis aims at gaining a basic understanding of the behavior of collocated acceleration signals developed in the complex domains of multi-body flexible structures with applications in structural health monitoring of marine-aeronautical machinery critical elements such as propellers, bearings, brakes, clutches and gearboxes.
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Walkenhorst, Brett T., and Mary Ann Ingram. "Repeater-assisted capacity enhancement (RACE) for LOS MIMO point-to-multipoint links." In MILCOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Military Communications Conference. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/milcom.2009.5379850.
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Fernandez del Rincon, Alfonso, Fernando Viadero Rueda, Miguel Iglesias Santamaria, Pablo Garcia Fernandez, Ana de-Juan de Luna, and Ramon Sancibrian Herrera. "Load Effects on the Dynamics of Spur Gear Transmissions." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-25090.
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Gear transmissions in general and spur gears in particular exhibit a different dynamic behavior depending on the level of the transmitted load. This fact justifies the interest in the study of the role of the load in gear dynamics not only in the context of design, vibration and noise control but also for condition monitoring. This task requires the development of advanced models achieving a compromise between accuracy and computation time. In this work, gear and bearing non-linearities associated with the contact among teeth and roller elements have been included, taking into account the flexibility of gears, shafts and bearings. Besides, parametric excitations coming both from gear and bearing supports, as well as clearance, were also considered. Gear contact force calculations are carried out following a hybrid approach which combines both analytical and numerical tools. This lets to achieve accurate results with an acceptable computational effort and thus dynamic analysis becomes feasible. This approach was improved and the calculation speeded up from the point of view of computational time. This was performed by using a pre-calculated value for gear tooth stiffness as a function of load and the angular position when it operates under stationary conditions. On the other hand, bearings were formulated just as deflections of Hertzian type. This means that bending and shearing of races and rolling elements are neglected. However, the variation in the number of loaded rolling elements as a function of the load and the angular position was taken into account. Shaft flexibilities were added to gear and bearing models to define a simple transmission that was used to study the vibratory behavior under different levels of applied torque. In a preliminary study, this model was linearized for several loads, obtaining the corresponding frequencies and mode-shapes in order to assess their variation with this parameter. Finally, dynamic simulations were carried out, showing the modifications undergone by the orbits, meshing contact forces and transmitted bearing forces.
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Chang, Chia-Ou, Wen-Tien Chang Chien, Guo-En Chang, Po-Chih Chen, and Fa-Hwa Shieh. "On the Determination of Etching (or Growth) Rates of Single Crystals." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66867.
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If we define the slowness curve by the normal vector of the material point of the crystal surface divided by the growth (or etching) rate of that point. Frank’s theorem states that, in the course of crystal’s growing or etching, each point of the boundary surface moves along its own straight line (or the characteristic line) which is parallel to the normal of the slowness curve. Since he didn’t find out the speed of the crystal surface point advancing along this characteristic, the etched crystal shape can not be determined quantitatively. In this paper we derive the equation in explicit form expressing the surface moving speed along the characteristics in terms of the microscopic parameters (in atomic size) and variables such as step density, step flux, and step height. Not all the microscopic variables are measurable, so we have to drive certain equations relating the microscopic variables to the macroscopic ones (such as the orientations of the crystal boundary lattice plane, slopes of the characteristic lines, etching rates, and so on) through the kinematics theory of particles. One measurement of the macroscopic variables at any particular instant is enough to determine not only the etching (or growth) rates of the crystal but also the etched crystal shape of any subsequent instant.
Reports on the topic "Point-to-point races"
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Robbins, Bryant, and Maureen Corcoran. Calculation of levee-breach widening rates. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44163.
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Inundation modeling is often conducted for levee systems to understand current flood risks. The extent of inundation caused by a breach in the levee is highly influenced by the widening rate of the levee breach. This study presents an approach for calculating levee-breach widening rates based on average flow velocity through the breach, embankment height, and erosion characteristics of the soil. Estimates of soil erodibility are derived through an analysis of the measurements of soil erodibility presented in the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 915 database. Levee-breach widening rate curves are calculated based on these erosion properties to demonstrate the approach, and default curves are presented for typical levees built from coarse-grained soils and fine-grained soils. While the most accurate approach for a site is to calculate site-specific widening rate curves based on estimates of local soil erodibility, the default curves presented provide a suitable starting point for initial inundation modeling.
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Bigl, Matthew, Samuel Beal, and Charles Ramsey. Determination of residual low-order detonation particle characteristics from Composition B mortar rounds. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45260.
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Empirical measurements of the spatial distribution, particle-size distribution, mass, morphology, and energetic composition of particles from low-order (LO) detonations are critical to accurately characterizing environ-mental impacts on military training ranges. This study demonstrated a method of generating and characterizing LO-detonation particles, previously applied to insensitive munitions, to 81 mm mortar rounds containing the conventional explosive formulation Composition B. The three sampled rounds had estimated detonation efficiencies ranging from 64% to 82% as measured by sampled residual energetic material. For all sampled rounds, energetic deposition rates were highest closer to the point of detonation; however, the mass per radial meter varied. The majority of particles (>60%), by mass, were <2 mm in size. However, the spatial distribution of the <2 mm particles from the point of detonation varied be-tween the three sampled rounds. In addition to the particle-size-distribution results, several method performance observations were made, including command-detonation configurations, sampling quality control, particle-shape influence on laser-diffraction particle-size analysis (LD-PSA), and energetic purity trends. Overall, this study demonstrated the successful characterization of Composition B LO-detonation particles from command detonation through combined analysis by LD-PSA and sieving.
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Rösener, Ringo. Little Rock Revisited – On the Challenges of Training One’s Imagination to Go Visiting. Association Inter-University Centre Dubrovnik, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53099/ntkd4305.
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In this working paper, I ask whether or not whites could and should write about concerns of People of Color. To this end, I deal with Hannah Arendt’s controversial article “Reflections on Little Rock” from winter 1958/59. In her article, Arendt comments on the de-segregation of black school children in the USA and the associated unrests in Little Rock (Arkansas) and Charlotte (North Carolina) on September 4, 1957. My analysis of her article is initiated by a confrontation of two other texts. In the first, Why I’m No Longer Talking to White People About Race Reni Eddo-Lodge argues that white people are not able to understand the point of view of people of color. In the second, On Kant’s Political Philosophy Hannah Arendt advocates for the contrary that people can understand each other’s point of view when training their imagination to take visits. Since Arendt’s “Reflections on Little Rock” is considered to be a failure, especially in regards of grasping the problems of people of color in the USA, my general question is whether Eddo-Lodge is right, and whether there is no understanding possible or if Arendt missed a crucial step in her own attempt to go visiting? To clarify this, my analysis focuses on Arendt’s use of the term “discrimination”.
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Dubcovsky, Jorge, Tzion Fahima, and Ann Blechl. Molecular characterization and deployment of the high-temperature adult plant stripe rust resistance gene Yr36 from wheat. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699860.bard.
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Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of wheat. Virulent races that appeared within the last decade caused drastic cuts in yields. The incorporation of genetic resistance against this pathogen is the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution to this problem. However, race specific seedling resistance genes provide only a temporary solution because fungal populations rapidly evolve to overcome this type of resistance. In contrast, high temperature adult plant (HTAP) resistance genes provide a broad spectrum resistance that is partial and more durable. The cloning of the first wheat HTAP stripe rust resistance gene Yr36 (Science 2009, 323:1357), funded by our previous (2007-2010) BARD grant, provided us for the first time with an entry point for understanding the mechanism of broad spectrum resistance. Two paralogous copies of this gene are tightly linked at the Yr36 locus (WKS1 and WKS2). The main objectives of the current study were to characterize the Yr36 (WKS) resistance mechanism and to identify and characterize alternative WKSgenes in wheat and wild relatives. We report here that the protein coded by Yr36, designated WKS1, that has a novel architecture with a functional kinase and a lipid binding START domain, is localized to chloroplast. Our results suggest that the presence of the START domain may affect the kinase activity. We have found that the WKS1 was over-expressed on leaf necrosis in wheat transgenic plants. When the isolated WKS1.1 splice variant transcript was transformed into susceptible wheat it conferred resistance to stripe rust, but the truncated variant WKS1.2 did not confer resistance. WKS1.1 and WKS1.2 showed different lipid binding profiling. WKS1.1 enters the chloroplast membrane, while WKS1.2 is only attached outside of the chloroplast membrane. The ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity of the recombinant protein of TmtAPXwas found to be reduced by WKS1.1 protein in vitro. The WKS1.1 mature protein in the chloroplast is able to phosphorylate TmtAPXprotein in vivo. WKS1.1 induced cell death by suppressing APX activity and reducing the ability of the cell to detoxify reactive oxygen. The decrease of APX activity reduces the ability of the plant to detoxify the reactive H2O2 and is the possible mechanism underlying the accelerated cell death observed in the transgenic plants overexpressing WKS1.1 and in the regions surrounding a stripe rust infection in the wheat plants carrying the natural WKS1.1 gene. WKS2 is a nonfunctional paralog of WKS1 in wild emmer wheat, probably due to a retrotransposon insertion close to the alternative splicing site. In some other wild relatives of wheat, such as Aegilops comosa, there is only one copy of this gene, highly similar to WKS2, which is lucking the retrotransposon insertion. WKS2 gene present in wheat and WKS2-Ae from A. showed a different pattern of alternative splice variants, regardless of the presence of the retrotransposon insertion. Susceptible Bobwhite transformed with WKS2-Ae (without retrotansposon insertion in intron10), which derived from Aegilops comosaconferred resistance to stripe rust in wheat. The expression of WKS2-Ae in transgenic plants is up-regulated by temperature and pathogen infection. Combination of WKS1 and WKS2-Ae shows improved stripe rust resistance in WKS1×WKS2-Ae F1 hybrid plants. The obtained results show that WKS1 protein is accelerating programmed cell death observed in the regions surrounding a stripe rust infection in the wheat plants carrying the natural or transgenic WKS1 gene. Furthermore, characterization of the epistatic interactions of Yr36 and Yr18 demonstrated that these two genes have additive effects and can therefore be combined to increase partial resistance to this devastating pathogen of wheat. These achievements may have a broad impact on wheat breeding efforts attempting to protect wheat yields against one of the most devastating wheat pathogen.
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Sarofim, Samer, and Aly Tawfik. Developing a Feasible Business Model for Expanding the EV Market to Lower Income Californians. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2026.
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Electric vehicles (EVs) are a valuable tool in addressing the climate and energy challenges placed on our transportation systems. However, while national and international market shares of EVs have been rising with exponential rates, access to EVs of low-income populations has been significantly slower. This research developed a business model for expanding the EV market to low-income Californians. The team developed the model from qualitative data from various stakeholders, including Electric and Solar Companies, Professional and Community-Based Organizations, State Agencies, research institutions, and more, which enabled insights regarding various barriers that hinder the adoption of EVs. The team also used a state-wide survey to understand the barriers from the point of view of lower income Californians. The business model created from this data can be used by state administrators, policy makers, and social emprises to mitigate the barriers faced by low-income Californians within the EV market.
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Sarofim, Samer, and Aly Tawfik. Developing a Feasible Business Model for Expanding the EV Market to Lower Income Californians. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2026.
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Electric vehicles (EVs) are a valuable tool in addressing the climate and energy challenges placed on our transportation systems. However, while national and international market shares of EVs have been rising with exponential rates, access to EVs of low-income populations has been significantly slower. This research developed a business model for expanding the EV market to low-income Californians. The team developed the model from qualitative data from various stakeholders, including Electric and Solar Companies, Professional and Community-Based Organizations, State Agencies, research institutions, and more, which enabled insights regarding various barriers that hinder the adoption of EVs. The team also used a state-wide survey to understand the barriers from the point of view of lower income Californians. The business model created from this data can be used by state administrators, policy makers, and social emprises to mitigate the barriers faced by low-income Californians within the EV market.
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Nelson, Gena, and Allyson J. Kiss. Curriculum-Based Measures in Mathematics. Boise State University, Albertsons Library, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18122/sped.144.boisestate.
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The purpose of this document is to provide readers with the coding protocol that authors used to code 96 studies that focused on Stages 1, 2, and/or 3 of curriculum-based measurement in mathematics (CBM-M) research. Stage 1 refers to evidence for using CBM at one point in time (i.e., static scores), such as for screening for difficulty. Stage 2 refers to evidence for using CBM repeatedly overtime, such as for progress monitoring. Stage 3 focuses on the instructional utility of CBM (i.e., instructional decisions to increase student achievement). The purpose of the systematic review was to update the Foegen et al., (2007) literature review on CBM-M. We evaluated 96 studies published since 2006 that included more than 540,000 participants. Nearly all studies (k = 83) reported results related to Stage 1, fewer studies reported results related to Stage 2 (k = 39) and Stage 3 (k = 4). The results of the systematic review report findings related to reliability, criterion validity, diagnostic accuracy, growth rates, and instructional utility of CBM-M.
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LI, Zhendong, Chengcheng Zhang, Hangjian Qiu, Xiaoqian Wang, and Yuejuan Zhang. Different Acupuncture Intervention Time-points for Rehabilitation of Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment：Protocol For a Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0043.
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Review question / Objective: This study will provide evidence-based references for the efficacy of different acupuncture interventions time-point in the treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI). 1. Types of studies. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture for PSCI will be recruited. Additionally, Studies should be available in full papers as well as peer-reviewed and the original data should be clear and adequate. 2. Types of participants. All adults with a recent or previous history of ischaemic or hemorrhagic stroke and diagnosed according to clearly defined or internationally recognized diagnostic criteria, regardless of nationality, race, sex, age, or educational background. 3. Types of interventions and controls. The control group takes non-acupuncture treatment, including conventional rehabilitation or in combination with symptomatic support therapy. The experimental group should be treated with acupuncture on basis of the control group. 4. Types of outcomes. The primary outcomes are measured with The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and/or The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), which have been widely used to evaluate cognitive abilities.
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Clevenger, Anthony P., and Adam T. Ford. A before-after-control-impact study of wildlife fencing along a highway in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Nevada Department of Transportation, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/ndot2022.02.
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Wildlife exclusion fencing has become a standard component of highway mitigation systems designing to reduce collisions with large mammals. Past work on the effectiveness of exclusion fencing has relied heavily on control-impact (i.e., space-for-time substitutions) and before-after study designs. These designs limit inference and may confound the effectiveness of mitigation with co-occurring process that also change the rate of collisions. We used a replicated before-after-control-impact study design to assess fencing effectiveness along the Trans-Canada Highway in the Rocky Mountains of Canada. We found that collisions declined for common ungulates species (elk, mule deer and white-tailed deer) by up to 96% but not for large carnivores. The weak response of carnivores is likely due to combination of fence intrusions and low sample sizes. When accounting for background changes in collision rates observed at control sites, naïve estimates of fencing effectiveness declined by 6% at one site to 90% and increased by 10% at another to a realized effectiveness of 82%. When factoring in the cost of ungulate collisions to society as a whole, fencing provided a net economic gain within 1 year of construction. Over a 10-year period, fencing would provide a net economic gain of >$500,000 per km in reduced collisions. In contrast, control site may take upwards of 90 years before the background rates of collisions decline to a break even point. Our study highlights the benefits of long-term monitoring of road mitigation projects and provides evidence of fencing effectiveness for reducing wildlife-vehicle collisions involving large mammals.
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Seiple, Jacqueline, Luis Santiago, Christopher Spaur, Safra Altman, Matthew Balazik, Thomas Laczo, Daniel Mensah, Warunika Amarasingha, Andrew Payson, and Danielle Szimanski. Two years of post-project monitoring of a navigation solution in a dynamic coastal environment, Smith Island, Maryland. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44620.
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In 2018, jetties and a sill were constructed by the US Army Corps of Engineers adjacent to the Sheep Pen Gut Federal Channel at Rhodes Point, Smith Island, Maryland. These navigation improvements were constructed under Section 107 of the Continuing Authorities Program. Material dredged for construction of the structures and realignment of the channel were used to restore degraded marsh. Following construction and dredging, 2 years of monitoring were performed to evaluate the performance of navigation improvements with respect to the prevention of shoaling within the channel, shoreline changes, and impacts to submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). Technical Report ERDC/CHL TR-20-14 describes the first year of post-project monitoring and the methodologies employed. This report describes conclusions derived from 2 years of monitoring. While the navigation improvements are largely preventing the channel from infilling, shoaling within is occurring at rates higher than expected. The placement site appears stable and accreting landward; however, there continues to be erosion along the shoreline and through the gaps in the breakwaters. SAV monitoring indicates that SAV is not present in the project footprint, even though turbidity is comparable to the reference area. Physical disturbance of the bottom sediment during construction may explain SAV absence.