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Academic literature on the topic 'Point source search'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Point source search"

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LE COULTRE, P. "SEARCH FOR BURST SIGNALS FROM POINT SOURCES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 29 (November 20, 2005): 6962–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x05030600.

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A sky survey for flaring point sources emitting high energy gamma rays has been performed with the L 3+ C underground muon spectrometer at LEP, CERN. Data were collected from mid July to October 1999 and from April to November 2000. No signal excesses in any direction have been found with muons above 20, 30, 50 and 100 GeV within one day and longer time windows. The steady muon flux sensitivity is of the order of a few times 10-9 cm-2 s-1 for muon energies above 20 GeV, and between 2 × 10-11 and 5 × 10-10 cm -2 s -1 for muon energies above 20 GeV depending on the source position.
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Chen, X., and E. L. Wright. "Extragalactic Point‐Source Search inWMAP61 and 94 GHz Data." Astrophysical Journal 681, no. 2 (July 10, 2008): 747–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/588249.

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Mangano, S. "Astrophysical point source search with the ANTARES neutrino telescope." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 229-232 (August 2012): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2012.09.185.

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Michael, Tino. "All flavour point-source search with the ANTARES neutrino telescope." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 888 (September 2017): 012103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/888/1/012103.

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Biller, S., D. E. Alexandreas, G. E. Allen, D. Berley, R. L. Burman, M. Cavalli-Sforza, C. Y. Chang, et al. "Search for Ultra--High-Energy Point-Source Emission over Various Timescales." Astrophysical Journal 423 (March 1994): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/173850.

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Alexandreas, D. E., D. Berley, S. Biller, G. M. Dion, J. A. Goodman, T. J. Haines, C. M. Hoffman, et al. "Point source search techniques in ultra high energy gamma ray astronomy." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 328, no. 3 (May 1993): 570–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(93)90677-a.

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Braun, Jim, Mike Baker, Jon Dumm, Chad Finley, Albrecht Karle, and Teresa Montaruli. "Time-dependent point source search methods in high energy neutrino astronomy." Astroparticle Physics 33, no. 3 (April 2010): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2010.01.005.

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W. Masheder, M. R., R. J. Cohen, and N. L. Martin-Hernandez. "OH masers associated with IRAS point sources." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 206 (2002): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900222195.

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We report a search for masers from the A-doublet of the ground-state of OH at 18cm, carried out with the Jodrell Bank Lovell Telescope and with the 25m Dwingeloo telescope. All objects north of δ = −20° which appear in the IRAS Point Source Catalog with fluxes > 1000 Jy at 60μm and 100μm were observed in all four lines and both circular polarisations over the required velocity range. Preliminary results of 52 maser sources are reported here.
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Bellenghi, C., T. Glauch, C. Haack, T. Kontrimas, H. Niederhausen, R. Reimann, and M. Wolf. "A new and improved IceCube point source analysis." Journal of Instrumentation 16, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): C11002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/16/11/c11002.

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Abstract The IceCube Neutrino Observatory, a cubic kilometer scale Cherenkov detector deployed in the deep ice at the geographic South Pole, investigates extreme astrophysical phenomena by studying the corresponding high-energy neutrino signal. Its discovery of a diffuse flux of astrophysical neutrinos with energies up to the PeV scale in 2013 has triggered a vast effort to identify the mostly unknown sources of these high energy neutrinos. Here, we present a new IceCube point-source search that improves the accuracy of the statistical analysis, especially at energies of a few TeV and below. The new approach is based on multidimensional kernel density estimation for the probability density functions and new estimators for the observables, namely the reconstructed energy and the estimated angular uncertainty on the reconstructed arrival direction. The more accurate analysis provides an improvement in discovery potential up to ∼30% over previous works for hard spectrum sources.
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Chen, X., and E. L. Wright. "EXTRAGALACTIC POINT SOURCE SEARCH IN FIVE-YEARWMAP41, 61, AND 94 GHz MAPS." Astrophysical Journal 694, no. 1 (March 14, 2009): 222–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/694/1/222.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Point source search"

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Tummey, Steven Peter. "A search for diffuse and point source emission of UHE gamma rays using muon content selected EAS." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336196.

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Curland, Alexander Biron von. "Search for atmospheric muon-neutrinos and extraterrestric neutrino point sources in the 1997 AMANDA-B10 data." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14743.

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Deutsche Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Dissertation beschäftigt sich einerseits mit der Suche nach atmosphärischen Myonneutrinos und andererseits mit der Suche nach extraterrestrischen Neutrinopunktquellen in dem Datensatz, welcher im Jahre 1997 durch den AMANDA-Detektor aufgenommenen wurde. In dieser Arbeit wird zunächst die kosmische Strahlung eingeführt. Die Suche nach den Quellen dieser Strahlung wurde bisher insbesondere mit Hilfe der geladenen kosmischen Strahlung selber, sowie mit Hilfe von Cherenkovteleskopen für Gammastrahlen durchgeführt. Die mit diesen Techniken gewonnenen Erkenntnisse lassen bisher jedoch noch keine eindeutigen Schlüsse über die Quellen der geladenen kosmischen Strahlung zu. Dies motiviert den Versuch, mit Hilfe der Neutrinoastronomie ein neues Fenster zu den Quellen zu eröffnen. Es gibt theoretische Modelle für verschiedene potentielle Neutrinoquellen. Szenarien, in denen massive Teilchen zerfallen und die Zerfallsprodukte ihre kinetische Energie aus der freigewordenen Ruhemasse gewinnen, spielen in dieser Arbeit eine untergeordnete Rolle. Ausführlicher dargestellt werden die konventionellen Modelle, in denen geladene Teilchen mit Hilfe der sogenannten Fermibeschleunigung in astrophysikalischen Schockwellen und/oder Magnetfeldern beschleunigt werden. Hochenergetische Neutrinos entstehen nur bei Quellen, welche Hadronen beschleunigen. Insbesondere die Klasse der aktiven galaktischen Kerne (AGNs) sind hierbei interessant. Die vor einigen Jahren entwickelten vereinheitlichten AGN-Schemata sind ein wichtiger Schritt auf dem Weg, diese Objekte zu verstehen. Andere potentielle Quellen sind Supernovae und ihre überreste, Mikroquasare, sowie die Quellen hochintensiver Gammastrahlenausbrüche (GRBs). Hoch spekulativ sind Quellen, welche im elektromagnetischen Spektrum unsichtbar sind, oder auch bisher vollkommen unerwartete Quellen. Unabhängig von der genauen Natur möglicher Neutrinoquellen müssen für die Beschreibung der von ihnen ausgesendeten Neutrinoflüsse Oszillationseffekte zwischen den verschiedenen Neutrinofamilien berücksichtigt werden. Der Nachweis der hochenergetischen Neutrinos soll mit dem AMANDA-Detektor oder ähnlichen Teleskopen erfolgen. Das derzeitige AMANDA-Teleskop AMANDA-II wurde in den Jahren 1995 bis 2000 aufgebaut. Es basiert auf dem Nachweis von neutrinoinduzierten Myonen mit Hilfe des Cherenkoveffektes. Das Cherenkovlicht wird hierbei von, in einem Gitter angeordneten, großen Sekundärelektronenvervielfachern registriert. Die gewonnene Zeitinformation erlaubt eine Richtungsrekonstruktion. Das Charakteristikum für ein Neutrinoereignis ist ein aufwärts laufendes Myon, da das Neutrino das einzige bekannte Teilchen ist, welches die Erde durchqueren und ein aufwärts laufendes Myon erzeugen kann. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht Daten, die mit Hilfe des AMANDA-B10-Detektors im Jahre 1997 genommen wurden. Die Daten bestehen aus etwa $10^9$ atmosphärischen Myon- und etwa 5000 atmosphärischen Neutrinoereignissen. Um die experimentell gewonnenen Daten analysieren zu können, wird der Vergleich zu simulierten Daten benötigt. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden Flüsse atmosphärischer Myonen mit den Programmen basiev und Corsika, Flüsse neutrinoinduzierter Myonen mit nusim und nu2mu generiert. Während eine hohe Zahl von neutrinoinduzierten Myonen simuliert werden konnte, blieb die Zahl der simulierten atmosphärischen Myonen weit hinter der Zahl der experimentell gemessenen zurück. Die Propagation der simulierten Myonen sowie die Detektorsimulation erfolgte mit den Programmen mudedx bzw. amasim. Die Zeit-, Orts- und Amplitudeninformationen der gemessenen -- wie auch der simulierten -- Daten wurden anschließend kalibriert. Das erste Ziel der Analyse war die Extrahierung eines Satzes atmosphärischer Neutrinos und ein Verständnis der absoluten Sensitivität des Detektors. Die hierfür notwendige Prozessierung der Daten erfolgte in mehreren Schritten. Dabei wechselten sich immer exaktere (aber auch immer langsamere) Richtungsrekonstruktionen mit immer strengeren Qualitäts- und Winkelschnitten zur Datenreduktion ab. Die Rekonstruktionen bestanden sowohl aus schnellen analytischen Richtungsapproximationen, wie auch aus solchen, die auf langsamen Minimierung von Likelihoodfunktionen basierten. Die Schnitte wurden auf topologische Grössen, wie auch auf Parameter, welche aus der Rekonstruktion gewonnen wurden, angewandt. Die Schnitte waren notwendig, um Neutrinoereignisse aus dem weit zahlreicheren Untergrund atmosphärischer Myonenereignisse herauszufiltern. Es wurden zwei stark reduzierte Datensätze ("BG-10" mit 223 Ereignissen und "BG-100" mit 369 Ereignissen) aus den gemessenen Daten extrahiert. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass hiervon ca. 15 bzw. 100 Ereignisse durch atmosphärische Myonen bedingt waren. Die Ergebnisse stimmen sehr gut mit der Erwartung für atmosphärische Neutrinos überein, wobei die Erwartung eine Unsicherheit von bis zu 63% aufweist. Mit dem BG-10 Datensatz war somit das erste Ziel der Analyse erfüllt. Der BG-100 Datensatz sollte dem zweiten Ziel dieser Arbeit dienen: der Suche nach extraterrestrischen Neutrinoquellen. Für dieses zweite Ziel musste zunächst mit der effektiven Fläche} ein Maß für die Sensitivität des Detektors bezüglich extraterrestrischer Neutrinos eingeführt werden. Anschließend wurde die Güte der Richtungsrekonstruktion bestimmt. Hiermit konnte die optimale Grösse der zu benutzenden Suchfenster festgelegt werden. Für diese Suchfenster wurde dann die Effizienz der Rekonstruktion bestimmt. Die Effizienz ist ein Maß für den Anteil der Neutrinoereignisse, für den die Rekonstruktion korrekt bestimmt, aus welchem Suchfenster sie stammen. Nach diesen vorbereitenden Untersuchungen konnte die Quellsuche beginnen. Für diese Suche waren nun sowohl atmosphärische Myonereignisse, als auch Ereignisse, die durch atmosphärische Neutrinos hervorgerufen wurden, Untergrund. Für die Suche wurden drei verschiedene Strategien angewendet. Zunächst wurde ein Netz aus 374 aneinander angrenzenden Suchfenstern konstruiert. Basierend auf der erwarteten Anzahl von Untergrundereignissen für jedes Suchfenster wurden Wahrscheinlichkeiten berechnet, dass die Ereignisse ausschließlich Untergrundereignisse sind. Durch die große Zahl an Suchfenstern gab es einige Fenster, bei denen diese Wahrscheinlichkeit recht gering war. Insgesamt jedoch gab es keinen signifikanten Hinweis darauf, dass die Messung nicht auschließlich durch Untergrund erklärt werden kann. Die zweite Strategie bestand in dem Versuch, mit Hilfe einer Clusteranalyse Punktquellen zu finden. Auch hier wurden keine Hinweise auf Punktquellen gefunden. Schließlich wurde in Richtung von 62 vorselektierten potentiellen Quellen nach Ereignisüberschüssen gesucht -- ebenfalls ohne ein positives Ergebnis. Daraufhin wurden obere Flussgrenzen abgeleitet. Diese Grenzen wurden sowohl richtungsunabhängig als auch für die zuvor selektierten potentiellen Quellen berechnet. In beiden Fällen wurde dabei für das Quellspektrum ein spektraler Index gamma = -2 angenommen. Für Neutrinoenergien E > 10 GeV und Deklinationen > 33 Grad wurden integral folgende globale, obere Flussgrenzen berechnet: Myonfluss: 1.41 * 10^-14 cm^-2 s-1 und Neutrinofluss: 1.65 * 10^-7 cm^-2 s^-1 . Nach der "Eichung" am Fluss atmosphärischer Neutrinos konnte die systematische Unsicherheit auf diese Grenzen zu 46% (systematisch) plus 7% (statistisch) abgeschätzt werden. Für die 62 ausgewählten Quellen wurden individuelle Flussgrenzen berechnet. Diese waren im Durchschnitt etwa einen Faktor drei besser als die integralen Grenzen für den entsprechenden Deklinationsbereich. Bei 48 potentiellen Quellen waren dies sowohl die ersten Grenzen auf ihren Neutrino- als auch die ersten Grenzen auf ihren neutrinoinduzierten Myonenfluss. Für eine weitere Quelle konnte erstmals eine Grenzen auf den Neutrinofluss abgeleitet werden. Bei den 14 restlichen Quellen konnten in fünf Fällen beide bisher publizierten Grenzen verbessert werden, in zwei weiteren zumindest die Grenze auf den Neutrinofluss. Im Anhang werden Daten bereitgestellt, mit denen die errechneten Grenzen auch in Grenzen für andere spektrale Indizes umgerechnet oder auch Grenzen für weitere Quellen abgeleitet werden können.
Abstract The young field of high energy neutrino astronomy can be motivated by the search for the origin of the charged cosmic rays. Large astrophysical objects like AGNs or supernova remnants are candidates to accelerate hadrons which then can interact to eventually produce high energy neutrinos. Neutrino-induced muons can be detected via their emission of Cherenkov light in large neutrino telescopes like AMANDA. More than 10^9 atmospheric muon events and approximately 5000 atmospheric neutrino events were registered by AMANDA-B10 in 1997. Out of these, 223 atmospheric neutrino candidate events have been extracted. This data set contains approximately 15 background events. It allows to confirm the expected sensitivity of the detector towards neutrino events. A second set containing 369 events (approximately 270 atmospheric neutrino events and 100 atmospheric muon events) was used to search for extraterrestrial neutrino point sources. Neither a binned search, nor a cluster search, nor a search for preselected sources gave indications for the existence of a strong neutrino point source. Based on this result, flux limits were derived. Assuming E^-2 neutrino spectra, typical flux limits for selected sources of the order of 10^-14 cm^-2 s^-1 for muon fluxes and 10^-7 cm^-2 s^-1 for neutrino fluxes have been obtained.
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Pinat, Elisa. "The IceCube Neutrino Observatory: search for extended sources of neutrinos and preliminary study of a communication protocol for its future upgrade." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/253046.

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English Version: When humans started looking out at a starry night, astronomy was born. Photons emitted by stars travel up to sometimes billions of light years to reach our eyes, and by studying the properties of this photon flux we are able to infer properties of the star itself. Instead of photons, the IceCube Observatory, located at South Pole, aims at detecting neutrinos and hopes to shed some light on the still unsolved mystery of cosmic-ray acceleration and production mechanisms, and on the most energetic phenomena of the Universe. At the time of this writing, IceCube has proven the existence of an astrophysical neutrino flux with a significance exceeding seven sigmas. Nevertheless, the observed astrophysical neutrino flux shows no significant directional clustering nor a clear association with any known source class so far. Also the latest results given by IceCube’s point source analysis show no significant clustering as well. It is therefore important to widen the search to different source topologies to maximize the discovery potential. In the first part of this work we present an extended source analysis with seven years of IceCube data, adding three years of data to the previous published work and implementing a novel likelihood formulation. Since the extensions of any potential sources are not known a priori, five different extensions have been considered, from 1° to 5°. No significant clustering is observed in any of the maps. The ability of IceCube to establish neutrino astronomy by finding neutrino sources is limited by the number of cosmic neutrinos measured. Despite the aforementioned discovery of an astrophysical flux, detailed spectral studies and searches for specific source locations in this signal remain a challenge with the event sample sizes available from the IceCube instrument. Therefore, a considerable expansion of the current detector, IceCube Gen2, is promoted, which includes the instrumentation of a 10 km3 volume, able to deliver substantial increases in the astrophysical neutrino sample for all flavors. Not only the hardware will be upgraded, but many systems will undergo improvements, such as communications and timing infrastructures. A new communication system has been investigated and is presented in the second part of this document. Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), the simplest digital modulation technique, has been studied as possible communication technique for IceCube Gen2.
French Version: Quand les humains ont commencé à regarder le ciel étoilé, l’astronomie est née. Les photons émis par les étoiles voyagent parfois des milliards d’années lumière avant d’atteindre nos yeux, et c’est grâce à l’étude de ce flux de photons que l’on peut déduire les propriétés des étoiles mêmes. Au lieu des photons, l’Observatoire IceCube, situé au Pôle Sud, a pour but de détecter des neutrinos :il espère éclairer le mystère encore non résolu de l’accéleration et des mécanismes de production des rayons cosmiques, ainsi que des phénomènes les plus énergétiques de l’Univers. Au moment où ce document a été rédigé, IceCube a démontré l’existence d’un flux de neutrinos astrophysiques avec une signification statistique excédant sept sigmas. Cependant, le flux de neutrinos astrophysiques observé ne montre aucun regroupement directionnel significatif ni une évidence d’association avec aucune source connue à l’heure actuelle. De plus, les derniers résultats fournis par les analyses de sources ponctuelles de la collaboration IceCube ne montrent non plus aucun regroupement. Il est donc important d’étendre ces recherches vers des typologies de sources différentes pour maximiser le potentiel de son découverte. Dans la première partie de ce travail nous présentons une analyse de source étendue basée sur sept années de données d’IceCube, ce qui rajoute trois ans de données au travail précédemment publié tout en mettant en oeuvre une nouvelle formulation de maximum de vraisem- blance. Comme les extensions de sources potentielles ne sont pas connues à priori, cinq extensions différentes ont été considérées, de 1° à 5°. Aucun regroupement significatif n’a été observé sur aucune des cartes. La capacité d’IceCube de consolider l’astronomie neutrino en découvrant des sources de neutrinos est limitée par le nombre de neutrinos cosmiques mesuré. Malgré la découverte susmentionnée d’un flux astrophysique, les études détaillées de spectre ainsi que les recherches de sources spécifiques pour ce type de signal demeurent un défi, à cause de la limitation de taille disponible des échantillons avec l’instrument IceCube. Par conséquent, une expansion considérable du détecteur actuel, IceCube Gen2, est promue :elle inclut l’instrumentation d’un volume de 10 km3, apte à fournir une augmentation importante des échantillons de neutrinos de toutes les saveurs. Non seulement le hardware sera mis à niveau, mais de nombreux autres systèmes subiront des améliorations, comme les infrastructures de communication et de timing. Un nouveau système de communication a été étudié et est présenté dans la deuxième partie de ce document. Le Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), la technique de modulation numérique la plus simple, a été étudiée comme technique potentielle pour IceCube Gen2.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Altmann, Simon David. "Search for TeV neutrinos from point-like sources in the southern sky using four years of IceCube data." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17715.

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Galaktische und extra-galaktische Objekte sind in der Lage geladene Teilchen (die kosmische Strahlung) zu sehr hohen Energien zu beschleunigen. Allerdings sind noch viele Fragen bezüglich dieser Objekte und der Beschleunigungsmechanismen offen. Sowohl Gammastrahlung als auch Neutrinos werden von den Quellen kosmischer Strahlung erwartet. Ihr Nachweis ermöglicht die Studie dieser kosmischen Teilchenbeschleuniger. Gammastrahlung wurde von galaktischen und extra-galaktischen Objekten beobachtet. Für viele dieser Objekte ist es jedoch nicht eindeutig ob diese Gammastrahlung ein Resultat der Beschleunigung kosmischer Strahlen ist. Für Neutrinos besteht diese Zweideutigkeit nicht, sie sind eindeutige Spuren der Beschleunigung kosmischer Strahlen. Der Südhimmel beheimatet viele galaktische Objekte von denen Gammastrahlung im GeV und TeV Bereich beobachtet wird. Die Detektion von Neutrinos wäre ein Beweis für die Beschleunigung kosmischer Strahlung. Der Nachweis dieser Neutrinos mit IceCube wird durch den großen Untergrund von atmosphärischen Myonen erschwert. Die hier verwendete Analyse ist auf die Selektion von Myonspuren aus Wechselwirkungen von Myonneutrinos im Detektorvolumen spezialisiert. Energieverlust und Richtung der resultierenden Myonspur wird rekonstruiert. Diese Informationen werden verwendet um nach potentiellen Quellen astrophysikalischer Neutrino im Rahmen einer ungebinnten Likelihoodanalyse zu suchen. Daten die zwischen 2011 und 2015 mit IceCube genommen wurden werden für diese Analyse verwendet. Der Fokus liegt auf Neutrinos mit Energien zwischen ein paar TeV und 100 TeV. In diesem Energiebereich wird die Sensitivität für die Detektion einer Neutrinopunktquelle um einen Faktor zwei (oder besser) verbessert. Die Resultate für eine Liste von 96 Quellkandidaten und für eine offene Suche am gesamten Südhimmel werden präsentiert. Es wurde keine signifikante Abweichung von der Untergrundhypothese gefunden. Daraus resultieren Limitationen für Neutrinoemissionen.
There are accelerators in the universe that can accelerate charged particles (cosmic rays) to very high energies. Many questions regarding these accelerators are still open. Gamma rays and neutrinos are particles expected from sites of cosmic ray acceleration and can be used to study the environment and acceleration mechanisms of these sites. While sources for both galactic and extra-galactic gamma rays have been observed, it is often unclear whether these gamma rays are by-products of cosmic ray acceleration. This ambiguity does not exist for neutrinos. An astrophysical neutrino flux has been measured by the IceCube detector. Single sources have not been resolved yet. The part of the sky visible from the southern hemisphere hosts many galactic sources observed in GeV and TeV gamma-rays. Detection of neutrinos from these sources would identify them as acceleration sites and lead to a better understanding of the environment of the acceleration sites and the acceleration mechanisms. However, this is difficult due to the vast background of atmospheric muons also detected in the IceCube detector. For this thesis, a data selection was developed that reduces this background by using parts of the detector as veto. This selection focuses on the selection of muon-tracks from muon-neutrino interactions inside the detector volume. The direction and the energy-profile of these tracks can be reconstructed. This information is used to search for potential sources using an unbinned likelihood method. This analysis uses data taken between 2011 and 2015. In contrast to earlier IceCube analyses this analysis is optimized for energies between a few TeV and 100 TeV and improves the sensitivity of the detector for a point-like source by factor of two (or better) in this energy range. Results for a list of 96 sources observed in TeV gamma-rays and a sky-scan are presented. No significant overfluctuation has been observed and limits on the neutrino emission of the sources are given.
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Menne, Thorben [Verfasser], Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Rhode, and Bernhard [Gutachter] Spaan. "Stacking point source search for a neutrino contribution at 22 track-like HESE positions using six years of IceCube data / Thorben Menne ; Gutachter: Bernhard Spaan ; Betreuer: Wolfgang Rhode." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1175205168/34.

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Heijboer, Adriaan Jacob. "Track reconstruction and point source searches with ANTARES." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2004. http://dare.uva.nl/document/77461.

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Stachyra, Andrew Lawrence. "A search for astrophysical point sources of neutrinos with Super-Kamiokande /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9810.

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Alba, José Luis Bazo. "Search for steady and flaring astrophysical neutrino point sources with the IceCube detector." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16240.

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Für astrophysikalische Quellen, z.B. aktive galaktische Kerne, werden hochenergetische Neutrinoflüsse vorhergesagt. Neutrinos und Gammastrahlen werden in hadronischen Prozessen erzeugt, für die Protonen auf hohe Energien beschleunigt werden müssen. Da Neutrinos nur schwach wechselwirken und nicht von Magnetfeldern abgelenkt werden können, bleiben Flussstärken und ihre Richtung erhalten. IceCube, ein Kubikkilometer-Detektor der sich am Südpol befindet, kann solche Neutrinos nachweisen. In dieser Arbeit wurden Daten zweier Teilkonfigurationen IceCubes (22 und 40 Trossen) ausgewertet. Die Daten, die zwischen 2007 und 2009 gesammelt wurden, bestehen hauptsächlich aus atmosphärischen Myon-Neutrinos, die im Nordhimmel erzeugt wurden und hochenergetischen atmosphärischen Myonen aus dem Südhimmel. Eine zeitunabhängige Analyse, die nach Neutrino-Punktquellen im Nordhimmel sucht, wurde mit einem sensitivitäts-optimierten Datensatz von IceCube-22 durchgeführt. Die ganze Hemisphäre und eine Liste ausgewählter Quellen wurden analysiert, wobei kein Hinweis auf extraterrestrische Neutrino-Signale gefunden wurde. Um das Entdeckungspotenzial für eine variable Quelle zu erhöhen, wurde eine nicht-getriggerte zeitabhängige Analyse entwickelt. Diese Suche ist durch Neutrino-Photon-Korrelationen und Gammastrahlung-Ausbrüche kosmischer Objekte motiviert, jedoch wurden nur Neutrino-Daten verwendet. Ein grosser Bereich möglicher Strahlungsausbruchsdauer wurde abgedeckt. Die gebinnte Methode wurde zu einer ungebinnten Likelihood-Methode erweitert, so dass die Ergebnisse um 5-25% verbessert werden konnten. Auswahlkriterien für eine Liste zeitlich veränderlicher astrophysikalischer Quellen vom ganzen Himmel wurden für IceCube-22 und IceCube-40 entwickelt. Zum ersten Mal wurde eine zeitabhängige Suchmethode im Südhimmel benutzt. Es konnten keine Ereignisüberschüsse über dem Untergrund festgestellt werden. Demzufolge wurden obere Grenzen für Neutrinoflüsse aus diesen Quellen berechnet.
High energy neutrino astronomy relies on the predictions of neutrino fluxes coming from astrophysical objects, for example active galactic nuclei. In these models, neutrinos and gamma-rays are produced in hadronic processes, which require the acceleration of protons to very high energies. Since neutrinos hardly interact and travel towards Earth undeflected by magnetic fields, they can point back to their sources. IceCube, located at the South Pole, is a large volumen detector for high energy neutrinos. In this work, data from two partial configurations of IceCube (22 and 40 strings) are analyzed. The data cover 651 days, from 2007 to 2009, and consist mostly of atmospheric muon neutrinos in the Northern sky and high energy atmospheric muons in the Southern sky. A time integrated search for neutrino point sources in the Northern sky was developed and applied to an event sample obtained for the best sensitivity, with IceCube 22-string. The search was performed on pre-selected sources and the whole hemisphere was scanned. No evidence of a neutrino signal was found. In order to enhance the flare detection probability, an untriggered time dependent search that looks for neutrino events clustering in time from specific sources in the entire sky was developed. This search was motivated by neutrino-photon correlations and the observations of flaring objects in gamma-rays, but focuses only on the neutrino data, covering a wide range of possible flare durations. The search method was expanded from a binned approach to a newly developed unbinned likelihood method, improving the results by 5-25%. Moreover, for the first time the Southern sky was analyzed with a time dependent method. A source selection criteria was developed defining two lists of variable astrophysical sources, for IceCube 22 and 40-string. The results were compatible with background fluctuations for all sources tested. Therefore, upper limits on the neutrino fluence from these sources are presented.
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Hauschildt, Tonio. "Search for cosmic point sources of high energy neutrinos with the AMANDA-II detector." Doctoral thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=973092378.

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Biron, von Curland Alexander. "Search for atmospheric muon neutrinos and extraterrestric neutrino point sources in the 1997 AMANDA-B10 data." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964841223.

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Books on the topic "Point source search"

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Cohen, Martin. An IRAS-based search for new dusty late-type WC Wolf-Rayet stars. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Cohen, Martin. An IRAS-based search for new dusty late-type WC Wolf-Rayet stars. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Cohen, Martin. An IRAS-based search for new dusty late-type WC Wolf-Rayet stars. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Cohen, Martin. An IRAS-based search for new dusty late-type WC Wolf-Rayet stars. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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A search for 100 TeV gamma ray point sources. 1992.

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Hoye, Greet van. Job-Search Behavior as a Multidimensional Construct: A Review of Different Job-Search Behaviors and Sources. Edited by Ute-Christine Klehe and Edwin van Hooft. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199764921.013.009.

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Both theoretical models of job search and empirical research findings suggest that job-search behavior is not a unidimensional construct. This chapter addresses the multidimensionality of job-search behavior and provides a systematic review of the different job-search behaviors and sources studied in the job-search literature and their relationships with antecedent variables and employment outcomes. Organized within three major dimensions (effort/intensity, content/direction, and temporal/persistence), job-search effort and intensity, job-search strategies, preparatory and active job-search behaviors, formal and informal job sources, specific job-search behaviors, job-search quality, job-search dynamics, and job-search persistence are discussed. This review strongly suggests that it is essential to consider all the dimensions of job-search behavior for understanding job-search success in both practice and research. This study points to a number of key implications for job seekers and employment counselors as well as crucial directions for future research.
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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. An IRAS-based search for new dusty late-type WC Wolf-Rayet stars. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. An IRAS-based search for new dusty late-type WC Wolf-Rayet stars. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. An IRAS-based search for new dusty late-type WC Wolf-Rayet stars. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Novenson, Matthew V. After the Messianic Idea. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190255022.003.0001.

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The modern study of ancient messianism has long been dominated by variations on the messianic idea hypothesis, a legacy of nineteenth-century metaphysical Idealism. Recent research has raised damning objections to this received paradigm, but no better, alternative account has yet emerged. This chapter suggests such an alternative account. It proposes that what we call messianism is most basically a way of talking about the world, a set of linguistic resources—and, equally important, linguistic constraints—inherited from the Jewish scriptures. Ancient Jewish and Christian texts about “messiahs”—from Second Isaiah to the Talmud Bavli, and at myriad points in between—are participants in one great ancient Mediterranean language game. If so, then rather than stipulating a definition of “messiah” and going in search of it in the sources, we ought to return to the sources and follow the way the words run.
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Book chapters on the topic "Point source search"

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Hetem, J. C. Gregorio, J. R. D. Lepine, G. R. Quast, C. A. O. Torres, and R. de la Reza. "A search for T-Tauri stars based on the IRAS Point Source Catalog." In Bioastronomy The Search for Extraterrestial Life — The Exploration Broadens, 36–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-54752-5_185.

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Kessenbrock, Andreas, and Sören Köcher. "Information Search at the Point of Sale: How Information Source Influences Customers’ Purchase Channel Switching Intention: An Abstract." In Back to the Future: Using Marketing Basics to Provide Customer Value, 407–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66023-3_141.

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Samm, D. "DUMAND and the search for high energy neutrino point sources." In Trends in Astroparticle-Physics, 9–20. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-01466-9_1.

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Sugitani, K., and K. Ogura. "Searches for Bright-Rimmed Clouds with IRAS Point Sources." In Circumstellar Matter 1994, 571–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0147-9_149.

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He, X. T., K. Liang, and K. Huang. "Optical Search of Faint IRAS Point Sources in the Virgo Cluster Region." In The Galactic and Extragalactic Background Radiation, 373–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0653-2_61.

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Gretzel, Ulrike. "Dreaming About Travel: A Pinterest Netnography." In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2021, 256–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65785-7_23.

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AbstractOngoing travel information search remains under-examined in general, and specifically in terms of social media use. Understanding how visual social media platforms inspire travel dreams is increasingly pertinent as visual contents gain in importance. This is especially relevant when travel is restricted, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pinterest seems to be ideally suited for supporting ongoing search but has been rarely used as a data source in e-tourism research. This paper uses a netnographic approach to explore travel-related Pinterest data. From a methodological perspective, it finds that the platform is suitable for informing ongoing travel information search research but points to potential methodological challenges. As a theoretical contribution, it highlights the popularity of capturing travel dreams through Pinterest boards and illustrates the affective labor users put into their collections of travel dreams. The paper concludes with implications for tourism marketing and recommender system design.
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Barnett, R. Joel, Glen E. Johnson, and Karl B. Schnelle. "A Nonlinear Programming Search Technique to Locate Position and Magnitude of the Maximum Air Quality Impact from Point Sources." In Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application IV, 689–702. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2455-3_36.

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Vasanthapriyan, Shanmuganathan. "Knowledge Sharing Initiatives in Software Companies." In Human Factors in Global Software Engineering, 84–108. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9448-2.ch004.

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This mapping study aims to investigate knowledge sharing initiatives in software companies based on existing studies from 2005 to 2017. Initially, search string was applied in seven digital repositories. Snowballing and direct search on publications were conducted to reduce the limitation of accessing specific databases. Regarding 15 selected studies, a variety of aspects; publication year and source, research type, purpose, and types of knowledge been used; were concerned. According to findings, a majority of studies have been focused on factors affecting knowledge sharing and point out organizational commitment as the most undergoing influencer on knowledge sharing. Findings further prove criticality of knowledge sharing for sustainability of software companies. Contrary to that, findings provide convincing evidence on improper knowledge sharing systems as the highly referred problem associated with knowledge sharing in software companies and provide new directions to future research.
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Bouarara, Hadj Ahmed. "A Survey of Computational Intelligence Algorithms and Their Applications." In Handbook of Research on Soft Computing and Nature-Inspired Algorithms, 133–76. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2128-0.ch005.

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This chapter subscribes in the framework of an analytical study about the computational intelligence algorithms. These algorithms are numerous and can be classified in two great families: evolutionary algorithms (genetic algorithms, genetic programming, evolutionary strategy, differential evolutionary, paddy field algorithm) and swarm optimization algorithms (particle swarm optimisation PSO, ant colony optimization (ACO), bacteria foraging optimisation, wolf colony algorithm, fireworks algorithm, bat algorithm, cockroaches colony algorithm, social spiders algorithm, cuckoo search algorithm, wasp swarm optimisation, mosquito optimisation algorithm). We have detailed each algorithm following a structured organization (the origin of the algorithm, the inspiration source, the summary, and the general process). This paper is the fruit of many years of research in the form of synthesis which groups the contributions proposed by various researchers in this field. It can be the starting point for the designing and modelling new algorithms or improving existing algorithms.
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Bouarara, Hadj Ahmed. "A Survey of Computational Intelligence Algorithms and Their Applications." In Robotic Systems, 1886–929. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1754-3.ch090.

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This chapter subscribes in the framework of an analytical study about the computational intelligence algorithms. These algorithms are numerous and can be classified in two great families: evolutionary algorithms (genetic algorithms, genetic programming, evolutionary strategy, differential evolutionary, paddy field algorithm) and swarm optimization algorithms (particle swarm optimisation PSO, ant colony optimization (ACO), bacteria foraging optimisation, wolf colony algorithm, fireworks algorithm, bat algorithm, cockroaches colony algorithm, social spiders algorithm, cuckoo search algorithm, wasp swarm optimisation, mosquito optimisation algorithm). We have detailed each algorithm following a structured organization (the origin of the algorithm, the inspiration source, the summary, and the general process). This paper is the fruit of many years of research in the form of synthesis which groups the contributions proposed by various researchers in this field. It can be the starting point for the designing and modelling new algorithms or improving existing algorithms.
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Conference papers on the topic "Point source search"

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Kontrimas, Tomas, Rasha Abbasi, Markus Ackermann, Jenni Adams, Juanan Aguilar, M. Ahlers, Maryon Ahrens, et al. "The SkyLLH framework for IceCube point-source search." In 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.395.1073.

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Ristic, Branko, Ajith Gunatilaka, and Mark Rutten. "An information gain driven search for a radioactive point source." In 2007 10th International Conference on Information Fusion. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icif.2007.4408041.

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Illuminati, Giulia, and Javier Barrios. "All-flavor Neutrino Point-like Source Search with the ANTARES Neutrino Telescope." In 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.301.0986.

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Michael, Tino. "Neutrino point source search including cascade events with the ANTARES neutrino telescope." In The 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.236.1078.

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Glumova, Ekaterina, and Aleksandr Filinskih. "Investigation of Algorithms for Generating Surfaces of 3D Models Based on an Unstructured Point Cloud." In International Conference "Computing for Physics and Technology - CPT2020". Bryansk State Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/conferencearticle_5fce2773873ba5.03310980.

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Methods of 3D object model creation on the basis of unstructured (sparse) cloud of points are considered in the paper. The issues of combining point cloud compaction methods and subsequent surface generation are described. The comparative analysis of generation surfaces algorithms for the purpose of revealing of more effective method using as input data the depth maps received from the sparse cloud of points is carried out. The comparison is made by qualitative, quantitative and temporal criteria. The optimal method of 3D object model creation on the basis of unstructured (sparse) cloud of points and depth map data is chosen. The mathematical description of the point cloud compaction method on the basis of stereo-matching with application of two-phase algorithm of species search and depth map extraction from Multi-View Stereo for Community Photo Collections source image set is provided. The implementation of the method in open-source software Regard3D is realized in practice.
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Jiang, Haobo, Jianjun Qian, Jin Xie, and Jian Yang. "Planning with Learned Dynamic Model for Unsupervised Point Cloud Registration." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/107.

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Point cloud registration is a fundamental problem in 3D computer vision. In this paper, we cast point cloud registration into a planning problem in reinforcement learning, which can seek the transformation between the source and target point clouds through trial and error. By modeling the point cloud registration process as a Markov decision process (MDP), we develop a latent dynamic model of point clouds, consisting of a transformation network and evaluation network. The transformation network aims to predict the new transformed feature of the point cloud after performing a rigid transformation (i.e., action) on it while the evaluation network aims to predict the alignment precision between the transformed source point cloud and target point cloud as the reward signal. Once the dynamic model of the point cloud is trained, we employ the cross-entropy method (CEM) to iteratively update the planning policy by maximizing the rewards in the point cloud registration process. Thus, the optimal policy, i.e., the transformation between the source and target point clouds, can be obtained via gradually narrowing the search space of the transformation. Experimental results on ModelNet40 and 7Scene benchmark datasets demonstrate that our method can yield good registration performance in an unsupervised manner.
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Xiao, Qianxi, and Jiejin Cai. "A Location Algorithm for Orphan Radioactive Source." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-93592.

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Abstract In order to reduce the harm to public safety caused by the loss of radioactive sources. A source searching method is proposed to locate orphan gamma source in the environment with obstacles and radiation shielding. The method is divided into two parts: predicting the probability of a radioactive source by Gaussian process regression (GPR) and path planning for the mobile robot using the probabilistic roadmap (PRM) method. The mean function and covariance function of the Gaussian process need to be selected in advance and the hyperparameters are calculated in the training process. Predicted values of GPR are given in the form of Gaussian distribution, which make us able to calculate the probability that there is a radioactive source in the grid and construct a probability map to guide the robot. The path connecting the start grid to the target grid is planned by the PRM method in a very short time, the cost function of A* algorithm in the query phase controls the pattern of the robot. At the beginning of the search, the robot prefers to move to areas with more information, after data above the threshold is detected, the robot switches to the tracking mode, accesses to the radioactive source rapidly. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified in a simulation experiment in which a 10m × 10m radiation field with five walls is simulated. The searches of gamma point source are all successfully realized in 5 different cases and compared with the total number of discrete grids, the method uses only a small part of the grid data to realize the location. Overall, the results show that the proposed method is efficient for searching and locating orphan radioactive source.
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Ghosh, Sayan, Jesper Kristensen, Yiming Zhang, Waad Subber, and Liping Wang. "A Strategy for Adaptive Sampling of Multi-Fidelity Gaussian Processes to Reduce Predictive Uncertainty." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98418.

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Abstract Multi-fidelity Gaussian process (GP) modeling is a common approach to employ in resource-expensive computationally demanding algorithms such as optimization, calibration and uncertainty quantification where multiple datasets of varying fidelities are encountered. Briefly, in its simplest form, a multi-fidelity GP is trained on two separate sources of datasets each with its own fidelity level, e.g., a software code/simulator for the low-fidelity source and real-world experiments for the high-fidelity source. Adaptive sampling for multi-fidelity Gaussian processes is a challenging task since we not only seek to estimate the next sampling location of the design variable, but also account for the data fidelities. This issue is often addressed by including the cost of the data sources as an another element in the search criterion in conjunction with an uncertainty reduction metric. In this work, we extent the traditional design of experiment framework for multi-fidelity GPs by partitioning the prediction uncertainty based on the fidelity level and the associated cost of execution. In addition, we utilize the concept of a meta-model believer which quantifies the effect of adding an exploratory design point on the GP uncertainty prediction. We demonstrate the framework using academic examples as well as an industrial application of a steady-state thermodynamic operation point of a fluidized bed process.
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Waizenegger, Kevin, Athanasios Papanikolaou, Moritz Rudolf, Markus Koller, and Sabine Klinkner. "Development and testing of the 3U+ CubeSat PCDU for SOURCE." In Symposium on Space Educational Activities (SSAE). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.047.

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SOURCE (Stuttgart Operated University CubeSat for Evaluation and Education) is a 3U+ re-search CubeSat that is being developed by students at the University of Stuttgart in coopera-tion with the Institute for Space Systems and the Small Satellite Student Society KSat e.V.. The objectives include technology demonstrations, atmospheric research and the investigation of satellite demise while also serving as an educational program. SOURCE was selected by ESA's "Fly your Satellite" program and is currently in Phase D. The electrical power supply system combines commercial off-the-shelf parts with self-devel-oped units to meet the requirements of the payloads. The solar array configuration and Power Conditioning and Distribution Unit (PCDU) are self-developed, while the battery is a commer-cial product. A total of 56 solar cells provides up to 32W under ideal conditions, which can be stored in a 75Wh space-qualified lithium-ion battery. To maximise the power output of the solar cells, maximum power point tracking is performed by the PCDU. This is controlled by a radiation hardened microcontroller. The PCDU provides regulated 3.3V, 5V and unregulated battery voltage to the subsystems with 32 switchable outputs, 27 of which are latch-up current protected. The microcontroller controls these individual output channels and the switching between the various CubeSat modes as commanded by the on-board computer. Additionally, every output channel power consumption is monitored for overcurrents. The PCDU functions as a watchdog by checking the health of the on-board computer, rebooting it in case of a failure. High priority commands can be sent directly to the PCDU from the ground via the communication system, bypassing the on-board computer. These can reset either the communication subsystem, the on-board computer or the entire satellite. Four hybrid inhibits, using a combination of mechanical switches and FETs are integrated in the PCDU, replacing the usual fully mechanical design. Three are used to deactivate the satellite in the deployer configuration and the fourth is a remove-before-flight inhibit. An engineering model was manufactured during phase C and is being tested functionally, en-vironmentally and for performance. This paper presents the detailed design of the PCDU, the acquired test results and outlines issues encountered during the tests
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Kang, Donghwa. "Search for gamma-ray point sources with KASCADE." In The 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.236.0812.

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Reports on the topic "Point source search"

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Kok, Bram, David Wolthuis, Frank Bosch, Hans van der Hoeven, and Michiel Blans. Point-of-care ultrasound in patients with dyspnea, nontraumatic hypotension, and shock: a systematic review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0020.

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Review question / Objective: To summarize the existing literature on point-of-care ultrasound in dyspnea, nontraumatic hypotension, and shock. Condition being studied: Patients with dyspnea, nontraumatic hypotension, and shock who were assessed using point-of-care ultrasound. Information sources: The electronic databases PubMed and Embase were searched. In addition we reviewed the reference lists of included papers.
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Samji, Salimah, and Mansi Kapoor. Funda Wande through the Lens of PDIA: Showcasing a Flexible and Iterative Learning Approach to Improving Educational Outcomes. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2022/036.

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Funda Wande has adopted a ‘learning by doing’ strategy that is similar to the Problem Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA) approach to solving complex problems. PDIA is a high-impact process of innovation that helps organisations develop the capability to solve complex problems while they are solving such problems. It is a step-by-step framework that helps break down problems into their root causes, identify entry points, search for possible solutions, take action, reflect upon what is learned, adapt, and then act again. Its dynamic process and tight feedback loops enable teams to find and fit solutions to the local context. This case provides a narrative of the Funda Wande story with boxes illustrating how PDIA principles and tools like problem construction, deconstruction, entry point analysis, iteration, and building authorisation would have been applied in practice. The sources of this case include a literature review of education in South Africa, related research documents, and conversations with staff at Funda Wande.
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Blanken, Annelies, Bafrin Abdulmajid, Eva van Geel, Joost Daams, Martin van der Esch, and Michael Nurmohamed. Effect of tumor necrosis factor inhibiting treatment on arterial stiffness and arterial wall thickness in rheumatoid arthritis patients: protocol for a systematic review and planned meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0131.

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Review question / Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the effect of TNF inhibiting treatment on arterial stiffness (as measured with pulse wave velocity and augmentation index) and arterial wall thickness (as measured with carotid intima media thickness) in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Condition being studied: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disorder, which affects approximately 1% of the population worldwide. Information sources: The following electronic databases will be searched for potentially eligible studies: EMBASE, MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. For the studies identified as eligible for inclusion, similarity tracking will be used to identify more potentially relevant articles with the ‘related article’ feature in PubMed. In addition, a citation search will be performed for included studies to identify articles that have cited them. Reference lists of the included studies and previous reviews on the subject will be searched for potentially relevant studies. ResearchGate profiles of top authors on the subject will be investigated to identify potentially relevant data points. For ongoing or finished studies that are potentially eligible, but without a publication, study authors will be contacted for information. When additional information is needed, study authors will be contacted as well.
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Zhuo, Guifeng, Hengwang Yu, Ran Liao, Xuexia Zheng, Dongmin Liu, Libing Mei, and Guiling Wu. Auricular point pressing therapy for obstructive sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0015.

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Review question / Objective: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome (OSAHS) suffer from repeated hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and sleep structure disorders at night, leading to daytime lethargy and complications of heart, brain, lung, and blood vessel damage, which seriously affect their quality of life and life span. Clinical studies have shown that auricular point pressing therapy has an excellent therapeutic effect on OSAHS, and has the potential to be a complementary and alternative therapy for patients with OSAHS. Currently, systematic reviews and meta-analyses evaluating the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture for the treatment of OSAHS are lacking. This study aimed to address this deficiency. Information sources: RCTs of auricular point pressing therapy in the treatment of OSAHS were searched in the Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan-Fang Database. The retrieval time is from database construction to the present.
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Erdoğmuş, Nihat. HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE TURKEY OF THE FUTURE. İLKE İlim Kültür Eğitim Vakfı, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26414/gt009.

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This report handles important issues ranging from how to strategically manage the continuously increasing change in higher education to the possibility of a higher education structured on the basis of meeting contemporary demands, from organizing consultancy services suitable to the new career understanding to searches for sustainable sources of finance. This report consists of two primary sections: the need for change in higher education and the vision plan for higher education. The first section addresses preparing for the future in higher education and the need for change, and the second section presents a vision for higher education. The second section contains 12 thematic points regarding the vision for higher education. This section primarily addresses the themes of change and reorganization in higher education while paying attention to its importance, priority, and chain reactions. Afterward, a vision including themes such as access, educational settings, career, and employment skills in a higher education system that centers itself on students is provided. Following these are themes devoted to academicians. The final sub-sections address the themes of social and economic contributions, internationalization, and finance.
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6

Butler, John M. Bitemark Analysis. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.8352-draft.

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This report summarizes a review of the scientific foundations of bitemark analysis conducted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Bitemark analysis typically involves examining patterned injuries left on a victim or object at a crime scene, identifying those injuries as bitemarks, and comparing those marks with dental impressions from a person of interest. This review specifically focuses on pattern injuries found on human skin. Over 400 sources were considered via literature searches and input from previous efforts by the National Institute of Justice Forensic Technology Center of Excellence. Our NIST review also utilized input from an October 2019 Bitemark Thinkshop organized by the Center for Statistics and Applications in Forensic Evidence (CSAFE) where experts and stakeholders associated with bitemark analysis were convened to discuss key issues. Based on this input, our study found a lack of support for three key premises of the field: 1) human dentition is unique at the individual level, 2) this uniqueness can be accurately transferred to human skin, and 3) identifying characteristics can be accurately captured and interpreted by analysis techniques. Furthermore, our review noted a lack of consensus among practitioners on the interpretation of bitemark evidence as well as thoughts on how to move the field forward. If the field seeks to advance, the key takeaways provided in this review are starting points for areas needing improvement, not an exhaustive list of specific shortcomings.
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Nagabhatla, Nidhi, Panthea Pouramin, Rupal Brahmbhatt, Cameron Fioret, Talia Glickman, K. Bruce Newbold, and Vladimir Smakhtin. Migration and Water: A Global Overview. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/lkzr3535.

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Global migration has been increasing since the 1990s. People are forced to leave their homes in search of safety, a better livelihood, or for more economic opportunities. Environmental drivers of migration, such as land degradation, water pollution, or changing climate, are acting as stronger phenomena with time. As millions of people are exposed to multiple water crises, daily needs related to water quality, lack of provisioning, excess or shortage of water become vital for survival as well for livelihood support. In turn, the crisis can transform into conflict and act as a trigger for migration, both voluntary and forced, depending on the conditions. Current interventions related to migration, including funding to manage migration remain focused on response mechanisms, whereas an understanding of drivers or so-called ‘push factors’ of migration is limited. Accurate and well-documented evidence, as well as quantitative information on these phenomena, are either missing or under-reflected in the literature and policy discourse. The report aims to start unpacking relationships between water and migration. The data used in this Report are collected from available public sources and reviewed in the context of water and climate. A three-dimensional (3D) framework is outlined for water-related migration assessment. The framework may be useful to aggerate water-related causes and consequences of migration and interpret them in various socioecological, socioeconomic, and sociopolitical settings. A case study approach is adopted to illustrate the various applications of the framework to dynamics of migration in various geographic and hydrological scenarios. The case studies reflect on well-known examples of environmental and water degradation, but with a focus on displacement /migration and socioeconomic challenges that apply. The relevance of proxy measures such as the Global Conflict Risk Index, which helps quantify water and migration interconnections, is discussed in relation to geographic, political, environmental, and economic parameters. The narratives presented in the Report also point to the existing governance mechanisms on migration, stating that they are fragmented. The report examines global agreements, institutions, and policies on migration to provide an aggerated outlook as to how international and inter-agency cooperation agreements and policies either reflected or are missing on water and climate crises as direct or indirect triggers to migration. Concerning this, the new directives related to migration governance, i.e., the New York Declaration and the Global Compact for Migration, are discussed. The Report recommends an enhanced focus on migration as an adaptation strategy to maximize the interconnectedness with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It calls for the migration discourse to look beyond from a preventative and problematic approach to a perspective emphasizing migration as a contributor towards achieving sustainable development, particularly SDGs 5, 6, 13, and 16 that aim strengthening capacities related to water, gender, climate, and institutions. Overall, the synthesis offers a global overview of water and migration for researchers and professionals engaged in migration-related work. For international agencies and government organizations and policymakers dealing with the assessment of and response to migration, the report aims to support the work on migration assessment and the implementation of the SDGs. The Report may serve as a public good towards understanding the drivers, impacts, and challenges of migration, for designing long-term solutions and for advancing migration management capabilities through improved knowledge and a pitch for consensus-building.
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Hajarizadeh, Behzad, Jennifer MacLachlan, Benjamin Cowie, and Gregory J. Dore. Population-level interventions to improve the health outcomes of people living with hepatitis B: an Evidence Check brokered by the Sax Institute for the NSW Ministry of Health, 2022. The Sax Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/pxwj3682.

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Background An estimated 292 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection globally, including 223,000 people in Australia. HBV diagnosis and linkage of people living with HBV to clinical care is suboptimal in Australia, with 27% of people living with HBV undiagnosed and 77% not receiving regular HBV clinical care. This systematic review aimed to characterize population-level interventions implemented to enhance all components of HBV care cascade and analyse the effectiveness of interventions. Review questions Question 1: What population-level interventions, programs or policy approaches have been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B; and that may not yet be fully rolled out or evaluated in Australia demonstrate early effectiveness, or promise, in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B? Question 2: What population-level interventions and/or programs are effective at reducing disease burden for people in the community with hepatitis B? Methods Four bibliographic databases and 21 grey literature sources were searched. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the study population included people with or at risk of chronic HBV, and the study conducted a population-level interventions to decrease HBV incidence or disease burden or to enhance any components of HBV care cascade (i.e., diagnosis, linkage to care, treatment initiation, adherence to clinical care), or HBV vaccination coverage. Studies published in the past 10 years (since January 2012), with or without comparison groups were eligible for inclusion. Studies conducting an HBV screening intervention were eligible if they reported proportion of people participating in screening, proportion of newly diagnosed HBV (participant was unaware of their HBV status), proportion of people received HBV vaccination following screening, or proportion of participants diagnosed with chronic HBV infection who were linked to HBV clinical care. Studies were excluded if study population was less than 20 participants, intervention included a pharmaceutical intervention or a hospital-based intervention, or study was implemented in limited clinical services. The records were initially screened by title and abstract. The full texts of potentially eligible records were reviewed, and eligible studies were selected for inclusion. For each study included in analysis, the study outcome and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated. For studies including a comparison group, odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95%CIs were calculated. Random effect meta-analysis models were used to calculate the pooled study outcome estimates. Stratified analyses were conducted by study setting, study population, and intervention-specific characteristics. Key findings A total of 61 studies were included in the analysis. A large majority of studies (study n=48, 79%) included single-arm studies with no concurrent control, with seven (12%) randomised controlled trials, and six (10%) non-randomised controlled studies. A total of 109 interventions were evaluated in 61 included studies. On-site or outreach HBV screening and linkage to HBV clinical care coordination were the most frequent interventions, conducted in 27 and 26 studies, respectively. Question 1 We found no studies reporting HBV incidence as the study outcome. One study conducted in remote area demonstrated that an intervention including education of pregnant women and training village health volunteers enhanced coverage of HBV birth dose vaccination (93% post-intervention, vs. 81% pre-intervention), but no data of HBV incidence among infants were reported. Question 2 Study outcomes most relevant to the HBV burden for people in the community with HBV included, HBV diagnosis, linkage to HBV care, and HBV vaccination coverage. Among randomised controlled trials aimed at enhancing HBV screening, a meta-analysis was conducted including three studies which implemented an intervention including community face-to-face education focused on HBV and/or liver cancer among migrants from high HBV prevalence areas. This analysis demonstrated a significantly higher HBV testing uptake in intervention groups with the likelihood of HBV testing 3.6 times higher among those participating in education programs compared to the control groups (OR: 3.62, 95% CI 2.72, 4.88). In another analysis, including 25 studies evaluating an intervention to enhance HBV screening, a pooled estimate of 66% of participants received HBV testing following the study intervention (95%CI: 58-75%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 17-98%; I-square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV screening strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing participants with on-site HBV testing, the proportion receiving HBV testing (80%, 95%CI: 72-87%) was significantly higher compared to the studies referring participants to an external site for HBV testing (54%, 95%CI: 37-71%). In the studies implementing an intervention to enhance linkage of people diagnosed with HBV infection to clinical care, the interventions included different components and varied across studies. The most common component was post-test counselling followed by assistance with scheduling clinical appointments, conducted in 52% and 38% of the studies, respectively. In meta-analysis, a pooled estimate of 73% of people with HBV infection were linked to HBV clinical care (95%CI: 64-81%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 28-100%; I-square: 99.2%). A stratified analysis by study population demonstrated that in the studies among general population in high prevalence countries, 94% of people (95%CI: 88-100%) who received the study intervention were linked to care, significantly higher than 72% (95%CI: 61-83%) in studies among migrants from high prevalence area living in a country with low prevalence. In 19 studies, HBV vaccination uptake was assessed after an intervention, among which one study assessed birth dose vaccination among infants, one study assessed vaccination in elementary school children and 17 studies assessed vaccination in adults. Among studies assessing adult vaccination, a pooled estimate of 38% (95%CI: 21-56%) of people initiated vaccination, with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 0.5-93%; I square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV vaccination strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing on-site vaccination, the uptake was 78% (95%CI: 62-94%), significantly higher compared to 27% (95%CI: 13-42%) in studies referring participants to an external site for vaccination. Conclusion This systematic review identified a wide variety of interventions, mostly multi-component interventions, to enhance HBV screening, linkage to HBV clinical care, and HBV vaccination coverage. High heterogeneity was observed in effectiveness of interventions in all three domains of screening, linkage to care, and vaccination. Strategies identified to boost the effectiveness of interventions included providing on-site HBV testing and vaccination (versus referral for testing and vaccination) and including community education focussed on HBV or liver cancer in an HBV screening program. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of more novel interventions (e.g., point of care testing) and interventions specifically including Indigenous populations, people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, and people incarcerated.
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