Journal articles: 'Point infiltration'

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Jaya Negara, I. Dewa Gede, Lilik Hanifah, Humairoh Saidah, and Saiful Anwar. "Karakteristik Infiltrasi dan Potensi Irigasi di Lahan Kering Kecamatan Bayan Kabupaten Lombok Utara." JURNAL SAINS TEKNOLOGI & LINGKUNGAN 7, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jstl.v7i1.239.

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Agricultural development with horticultural crops on dry land is one of the government's efforts to increase dry land productivity so that new paddy fields are created in the Bayan area. Noting that land infiltration capability and its classification are important factors needed in irrigation planning to support the development of horticultural agriculture, so it is necessary to conduct field research on this matter. This study aims to determine the characteristics and classification of land infiltration and determine the trend of irrigation that can be applied. Field infiltration tests were carried out in Anyar and Sukadana villages with 4 test points each. The infiltration rate test in the field was carried out using a double ring infiltrometer and a soil test at the Geotechnical Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Unram. Analysis of the data used Horton's formula as a comparison and the results of the analysis were presented in the form of tables and graphs, conclusions were made descriptively. The results showed that the average infiltration rate in Anyar Village was at point 1 = 26.90 cm/hour, point 2 = 14.94 cm/hour, point 3 = 27.33 cm/hour, and point 4 = 8.21 cm/hour with soil including sandy clay. Infiltration rate classification of points 1 and 3 is very fast, point 2 is fast and location 4 is rather fast. For Sukadana Village the infiltration rate was obtained at point 1 = 43.52 cm/hour, point 2 = 36.67 cm/hour, point 3 = 12.86 cm/hour, and point 4 = 10.97 cm/hour, with the condition sandy clay soil. Sukadana's infiltration rate classification points 1 and 2 are very fast and points 3 and 4 are rather fast. Based on the results of the infiltration test, for very fast and fast infiltration, it is potential to apply jet irrigation such as sprinklers or perforations and for rather fast infiltration, drip irrigation can be applied with limited drip system

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J. S. Shepard, W. W. Wallender, and J. W. Hopmans. "One-point Method for Estimating Furrow Infiltration." Transactions of the ASAE 36, no. 2 (1993): 395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.28351.

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Hearman, A. J., and C. Hinz. "Sensitivity of point scale runoff predictions to rainfall resolution." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 6 (November 17, 2006): 3517–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-3-3517-2006.

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Abstract. This paper investigates the effects of using non-linear, high resolution rainfall, compared to time averaged rainfall on the triggering of hydrologic thresholds and therefore model predictions of infiltration excess and saturation excess runoff. The bounded random cascade model, parameterized to south western Australian rainfall, was used to scale rainfall intensities at various time resolutions ranging from 1.875 min to 2 h. A one dimensional, conceptual rainfall partitioning model was used that instantaneously partitions water into infiltration excess, infiltration, storage, deep drainage, saturation excess and surface runoff, where the fluxes into and out of the soil store are controlled by thresholds. For example, saturation excess is triggered when the soil water content reaches the storage capacity threshold. The results of the numerical modelling were scaled by relating soil infiltration properties to soil draining properties, and inturn, relating these to average storm intensities. By relating maximum soil infiltration capacities to saturated drainage rates (f*), we were able to split soils into two groups; those where all runoff is a result of infiltration excess alone (f*≤0.2) and those susceptible to both infiltration excess and saturation excess runoff (f*>0.2). For all soil types, we related maximum infiltration capacities to average storm intensities (k*) and were able to show where model predictions of infiltration excess were most sensitive to rainfall resolution (ln k=0.4) and where using time averaged rainfall data can lead to an under prediction of infiltration excess and an over prediction of the amount of water entering the soil (ln k*>2). For soils susceptible to both infiltration excess and saturation excess, total runoff sensitivity was scaled by relating saturated drainage rates to average storm intensities (g*) and parameter ranges where predicted runoff was dominated by infiltration excess or saturation excess depending on the resolution of rainfall data was determined (ln g*<2). Infiltration excess predicted from high resolution rainfall is short and intense, whereas saturation excess produced from low resolution rainfall is more constant and less intense. This has important implications for the accuracy of current hydrological models that use time averaged rainfall under these soil and rainfall conditions and predictions of further thresholds such as erosion. It offers insight into areas where the understanding of the dynamics of high resolution rainfall is required and a means by which we can improve our understanding of the way variations in rainfall intensities within a storm relate to hydrological thresholds and model predictions.

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Cramer, Stewart F. "Pagetoid Infiltration and Pseudoinfiltration—Another Point of View." American Journal of Dermatopathology 24, no. 5 (October 2002): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000372-200210000-00020.

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Urso, Carmelo. "Pagetoid Infiltration and Pseudoinfiltration—Another Point of View." American Journal of Dermatopathology 24, no. 5 (October 2002): 451–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000372-200210000-00021.

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Hearman, A. J., and C. Hinz. "Sensitivity of point scale surface runoff predictions to rainfall resolution." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 2 (March 5, 2007): 965–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-965-2007.

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Abstract. This paper investigates the effects of using non-linear, high resolution rainfall, compared to time averaged rainfall on the triggering of hydrologic thresholds and therefore model predictions of infiltration excess and saturation excess runoff at the point scale. The bounded random cascade model, parameterized to three locations in Western Australia, was used to scale rainfall intensities at various time resolutions ranging from 1.875 min to 2 h. A one dimensional, conceptual rainfall partitioning model was used that instantaneously partitioned water into infiltration excess, infiltration, storage, deep drainage, saturation excess and surface runoff, where the fluxes into and out of the soil store were controlled by thresholds. The results of the numerical modelling were scaled by relating soil infiltration properties to soil draining properties, and in turn, relating these to average storm intensities. For all soil types, we related maximum infiltration capacities to average storm intensities (k*) and were able to show where model predictions of infiltration excess were most sensitive to rainfall resolution (ln k*=0.4) and where using time averaged rainfall data can lead to an under prediction of infiltration excess and an over prediction of the amount of water entering the soil (ln k*>2) for all three rainfall locations tested. For soils susceptible to both infiltration excess and saturation excess, total runoff sensitivity was scaled by relating drainage coefficients to average storm intensities (g*) and parameter ranges where predicted runoff was dominated by infiltration excess or saturation excess depending on the resolution of rainfall data were determined (ln g*<2). Infiltration excess predicted from high resolution rainfall was short and intense, whereas saturation excess produced from low resolution rainfall was more constant and less intense. This has important implications for the accuracy of current hydrological models that use time averaged rainfall under these soil and rainfall conditions and predictions of larger scale phenomena such as hillslope runoff and runon. It offers insight into how rainfall resolution can affect predicted amounts of water entering the soil and thus soil water storage and drainage, possibly changing our understanding of the ecological functioning of the system or predictions of agri-chemical leaching. The application of this sensitivity analysis to different rainfall regions in Western Australia showed that locations in the tropics with higher intensity rainfalls are more likely to have differences in infiltration excess predictions with different rainfall resolutions and that a general understanding of the prevailing rainfall conditions and the soil's infiltration capacity can help in deciding whether high rainfall resolutions (below 1 h) are required for accurate surface runoff predictions.

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García Baizan, Alejandra, Paula Pereira Bouzas, and Rosa Bouzas Sierra. "Perirenal infiltration: Key point in Erdheim-Chester disease diagnosis." Medicina Clínica (English Edition) 157, no. 3 (August 2021): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medcle.2020.06.041.

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Zhang, Yong, Zong Min Chen, Zhao Jun Wang, and Jing Hui Liu. "Preparation and Sound Absorption Coefficient Test of Aluminum Foam with CaO Granules Infiltrating Agent." Materials Science Forum 933 (October 2018): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.933.55.

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Three kinds of aluminum foam of different pore sizes were prepared with a tailor-made low-pressure infiltration device. CaO granules in three sizes (0.45~0.71mm,0.71~090mm and 1.25~1.60mm) were selected as infiltrating agents. The processing parameters were as follows: granules preheat temperature of 700 °C,infiltration pressure of 0.04 MPa and aluminum liquid temperature of 720 °C. In order to improve the removal performance and porosity, mixture of CaO powder of finer than 300 mesh and pure alcohol was mixed uniformly with granules, which made the slurry-coating granules conformal contacts rather than point contacts as in the traditional infiltration method. The testing results show that among all aluminum foam specimens tested with transfer function methods, two kinds have high sound absorption coefficient in low frequency (250~1600Hz).

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Miyamoto, Takashi, Yusuke Yamamoto, Teiichi Sugiura, Yukiyasu Okamura, Takaaki Ito, Ryo Ashida, Katsuhisa Ohgi, and Katsuhiko Uesaka. "Pathological examination of CT findings of tumor infiltration to the periarterial plexus in pancreatic cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2020): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.4_suppl.644.

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644 Background: The radiographic diagnosis of tumor infiltration into the periarterial plexus in pancreatic cancer is important because it is related to the classification, however, it is difficult to distinguish the abnormal shadow along the artery caused by inflammation or cancer infiltration. The aim of this study is to investigate CT values of the abnormal shadow along artery could distinguish between inflammation and tumor invasion. Methods: Study 1: Of 26 patients who underwent DP-CAR between 2009 and 2018, we analyzed 19 patients who had dynamic CT and obtained sagittal slice taken 120 seconds after injection with less than 2.5 mm slice thickness. At first, we measured CT values at upper and lower point of CeA and CHA each sagittal slice using CT. Next, we evaluated tumor invasion at the upper and lower plexus of CeA and CHA in each section of the pathological specimen, and evaluated the relationship between the tumor invasion and the CT value. Study 2: Using these 19 patients and 40 patients who underwent DP for PDAC between 2010 and 2014, we analyzed the relation between CT value and long-term states. Results: Study 1: CT value was totally measured at the 606 points using 19 patients who underwent DP-CAR. At the 490 points, we did not observe cancer infiltration and fibrosis. At the 70 points, we observed fibrosis without cancer cells. At the 46 points, we observed cancer infiltration. CT value was significantly higher in the tumor infiltration group than that in the without cancer infiltration and fibrosis group (P < 0.01). Study 2: The best cut-off of CT value of the presence of cancer infiltration was 44.9 HU using ROC curve (AUC = 0.861). The median survival time of patients who had the points of CT value > 44.9 HU around arteries was significantly shorter than that of patients who did not have the points of CT value > 44.9 HU (2.17 vs. 4.55 years, p = 0.03). Conclusions: The CT value around the arteries was significantly higher in the points of pathological tumor infiltration than that in the points of fibrosis without cancer cells. The best cut-off CT value of the presence of cancer infiltration around arteries was 44.9 HU, and the presence of the point of CT value > 44.9 HU around arteries was associated with poor survival.

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Warrick, A. W. "Point and Line Infiltration-Calculation of the Wetted Soil Surface." Soil Science Society of America Journal 49, no. 6 (November 1985): 1581–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900060050x.

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Healy, R. W., and A. W. Warrick. "A Generalized Solution to Infiltration from a Surface Point Source." Soil Science Society of America Journal 52, no. 5 (September 1988): 1245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200050006x.

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Valiantzas, J. D., S. Aggelides, and A. Sassalou. "Furrow infiltration estimation from time to a single advance point." Agricultural Water Management 52, no. 1 (December 2001): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3774(01)00128-7.

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Mao, LiLi, YuZhong Li, WeiPing Hao, XuRong Mei, Vincent F. Bralts, HaoRu Li, Rui Guo, and TingWu Lei. "An approximate point source method for soil infiltration process measurement." Geoderma 264 (February 2016): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.09.011.

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Langat, P. K., R. J. Smith, and S. R. Raine. "Estimating the furrow infiltration characteristic from a single advance point." Irrigation Science 26, no. 5 (January 23, 2008): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00271-008-0102-7.

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AM, Girgis, Chopra A, Finneran IV JJ, and Greenberg MJ. "Point of Care Ultrasound to Evaluate Peripheral Intravenous Catheters." Asploro Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Case Reports 3, no. 3 (September 20, 2020): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36502/2020/asjbccr.6214.

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Background: Several studies have described the use of ultrasound for the placement of peripheral intravenous catheters (PIV); however, visual and tactile inspection remains the primary clinical tool for the identification of infiltration. An improperly positioned PIV is an avoidable cause of significant morbidity and mortality to a patient. Case: We describe a technique using point of care ultrasound for the assessment of two PIV to confirm functionality in a 68-year-old male scheduled for an above the knee amputation. This technique can be used for both superficial and deep peripheral veins where the detection of catheter infiltration by physical exam alone is often challenging. Conclusion: The ubiquitous use of ultrasonography has revolutionized the field of medicine. Point of care ultrasound for the evaluation of questionable peripheral catheters can help prevent harm to a patient, especially during transitions of care.

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Kachanoski, R. G., J. L. Thony, M. Vauclin, G. Vachaud, and R. Laty. "Measurement of Solute Transport during Constant Infiltration from a Point Source." Soil Science Society of America Journal 58, no. 2 (March 1994): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800020006x.

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Communar, Gregory, and Shmulik P. Friedman. "Unsteady Infiltration from Point and Line Sources in Laterally Confined Domains." Soil Science Society of America Journal 77, no. 5 (September 2013): 1529–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2012.0361.

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Braud, Isabelle, Jean-François Desprats, Pierre-Alain Ayral, Christophe Bouvier, and Jean-Pierre Vandervaere. "Mapping topsoil field-saturated hydraulic conductivity from point measurements using different methods." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 65, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 264–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/johh-2017-0017.

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AbstractTopsoil field-saturated hydraulic conductivity,Kfs, is a parameter that controls the partition of rainfall between infiltration and runoff and is a key parameter in most distributed hydrological models. There is a mismatch between the scale of local in situKfsmeasurements and the scale at which the parameter is required in models for regional mapping. Therefore methods for extrapolating localKfsvalues to larger mapping units are required. The paper explores the feasibility of mappingKfsin the Cévennes-Vivarais region, in south-east France, using more easily available GIS data concerning geology and land cover. Our analysis makes uses of a data set from infiltration measurements performed in the area and its vicinity for more than ten years. The data set is composed ofKfsderived from infiltration measurements performed using various methods: Guelph permeameters, double ring and single ring infiltrotrometers and tension infiltrometers. The different methods resulted in a large variation inKfsup to several orders of magnitude. A method is proposed to pool the data from the different infiltration methods to create an equivalent set ofKfs. Statistical tests showed significant differences inKfsdistributions in function of different geological formations and land cover. Thus the mapping ofKfsat regional scale was based on geological formations and land cover. This map was compared to a map based on the Rawls and Brakensiek (RB) pedotransfer function (mainly based on texture) and the two maps showed very different patterns. The RB values did not fit observed equivalentKfsat the local scale, highlighting that soil texture alone is not a good predictor ofKfs.

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MOREIRA, Cesar Augusto, José Ricardo Melges BORTOLIN, Walter MALAGUTTI FILHO, and João Carlos DOURADO. "ALTERATIONS IN ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY OF SANDY SOIL IN CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT BY INFLITRATION OF STILLAGE." Geosciences = Geociências 38, no. 1 (April 6, 2019): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5016/geociencias.v38i1.12697.

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The sugar and alcohol sector represents one of the most profitable economic activities in Brazil, being ethanol one of the main products. Among the residues related to the production of ethanol, it is highlighted the stillage, a liquid substance generated in the approximate proportion of 13 liters for each liter of ethanol produced. This paper presents the results of a stillage infiltration experiment, in various proportions, through trenches in sandy soil, with the aim to evaluate possible alterations in electrical properties in the geological materials, in individual experiments, with 60L, 300L and 900L of effluent. The initial proportion was defined based on a standard stipulated by the Environmental Agency of the State of São Paulo, which considers the cation exchange capacity of the soil, while the other quantities were defined from ratios of 4 and 15 times higher than those defined by legislation. The experiment was monitored by means of electrical resistivity measurements by indirect means through the geophysical method of Electroresistivity. The data indicate the absence of alterations in electrical properties in the soil below the point of infiltration in the experiment for 60L of stillage. The data for infiltrations with 300L and 900L revealed a zone of low resistivity below the infiltration point, basically limited to the 1m layer of sandy soil and with tendency for lateral flow supported by the soil/rock interface. The results demonstrate that the infiltration of inorganic solutions, in a proportion inferior to the cation exchange capacity of the soil, does not perceptibly alter its electrical properties in studies using the geophysical method of Electro resistivity, whereas proportions that exceed natural absorption capacity are characterized by the geoelectric signature of low resistivity.

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Memon, Mairaj Khalid, and Kanya Lal Khatri. "Estimating Infiltration Properties Of Soil Using Infilt Model For Smart Irrigation." ADRI International Journal of Civil Engineering 6, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/aijce.v6i2.53.

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The infiltration characteristic of the soil is a major determinant of the efficiency and uniformity of surface irrigation application. Infiltration affects the advance, recession, runoff, and volume of infiltration during irrigation. This study has been carried out to estimate infiltration characteristics using irrigation advance data for furrow irrigation. Irrigation advance data for one field was collected at Latif farm, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam for three irrigation events and data sets for two fields of cotton in Queensland, Australia have also been used. To achieve the objectives of the study four different methods were employed viz: two-point method, computer model INFILT, Valiant one point and upadhyaya method. Employing these methods, infiltration parameters for three fields were determined and equations for cumulative infiltration and advance trajectories were evolved. Evaluation of the methods was undertaken to know the best method for the prediction of cumulative infiltration and advance. From the results, it has been concluded that the computer model INFILT V is the most accurate, reliable, and user-friendly method, as it performed well in all cases and can be used for achieving benefits in irrigation industry

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Zhang, Jun, and Lin Li. "Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Infiltration Wetting Front of Ring-Shaped Root Emitters." Sustainability 14, no. 11 (May 31, 2022): 6712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116712.

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Ring-shaped root emitter is a new type of emitter applicable to the roots of fruit trees in arid areas. To study the characteristics of infiltration wetting front changes in ring-shaped root emitters, the orthogonal test method was used to design nine groups of schemes for four factors: radius of irrigation ring R, burial depth H, number of orifices M, irrigation water volume V and their three levels (R = 20, 30 and 40 cm; M = 4, 6 and 8; H = 20, 30 and 40 cm, V = 40, 60 and 80 L). The infiltration process of these nine scenarios was simulated using HYDRUS-3D software. The results show that the interference infiltration time exhibited a good power function relationship with the irrigation ring radius, number of orifices and burial depth; before the interference infiltration, the wetting fronts were all in the shape of a rotating ellipsoid centered on the infiltration point and can be expressed by the equations of the upper and lower semi-elliptic curves relative to the infiltration point. With the increase in time, the wetting fronts were centered at the infiltration point and infiltrated in all directions at a different velocity. The transport rate decreased with time. The power function relationship between the wetting fronts and the influencing factors after the interference infiltration in different directions was established, and the coefficient of determination was above 0.888. The wetting front shape after infiltration stabilization can be regarded as a rotating body formed by the vertical wetting front plane around the z-axis. The wetted soil volume of deep percolation, surface and suitable infiltration scenarios was rugby-shaped, apple-shaped with a flattened top and complete apple-shaped, respectively. Burying the irrigation ring at slightly deeper than one-third of the crop root zone is recommended, and half of the horizontal range of the crop root system can be selected as the irrigation ring radius. The research results can provide a reference for selecting root emitter parameters and layout as well as developing a root irrigation system.

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Franco, Fernanda Bárbaro, Sidney Portilho, and Juliana Batista de Souza. "AVALIAÇÃO DO COMPORTAMENTO HIDROGEOLÓGICO DAS FORMAÇÕES GEOLÓGICAS EM UMA VERTENTE DA SERRA DO GANDARELA: RIO ACIMA, MG." e-xacta 10, no. 1 (May 31, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18674/exacta.v10i1.1780.

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A Serra do Gandarela apresenta uma das maiores reservas hídricas do Quadrilátero Ferrífero e seus aquíferos são de extrema importância para as áreas de drenagens das bacias hidrográficas ali presentes. Possui grande grau de conservação, belezas naturais e uma grande biodiversidade. É uma região que abriga várias espécies vegetais endêmicas e a canga, afloramentos ferruginosos, que é um dos sistemas ecológicos mais ameaçado do Brasil. Esse artigo visa trabalhar a relação entre os solos, coberturas de superfície da Serra do Gandarela e o comportamento hidrológico dos mesmos, demonstrando a capacidade de campo, armazenamento de água, e as taxas de infiltração de água de cada ponto amostrado. Dos três pontos selecionados dois apresentaram bons resultados quanto à recarga hídrica. O primeiro ponto por apresentar um sistema lento de infiltração e percolação e o segundo ponto por infiltrar grande quantidade de água. O terceiro ponto apresentou uma taxa de infiltração menor, por possuir a textura da parte cimentante da matriz coluvionar (argilo – arenosa), o que interferiu negativamente no processo de infiltração. Relacionando todos os pontos com os respectivos resultados verifica-se que a Serra do Gandarela é uma região importante para o processo de recarga hídrica da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. ABSTRACTSerra do Gandarela presents one of the biggest hydric stock of the Ferriferous Quadrangle and its aquifers are of utmost importance for draining areas of these existing watersheds.It has a great conservation degree, natural beauties, a great biodiversity. It's a region wich shelters several vegetal endemic species and the « canga », ferruginous outcrops, which is one of the most endangered ecological systems in Brazil. This article aims to work the relationship between the soil surface, covers the Serra do Gandarela and the hydrological behavior of the same, demonstrating the field capacity, water storage,and water infiltration rates of each chozen location. Of the three selected points two showed good results as to water recharge. The first point by presenting a slow infiltration and percolation system and the second point for infiltrating large amount of water. The third point presented a lower infiltration rate by having the texture of the cementitious matrix of the colluvial (clayey - sandy) which negatively interfere with the infiltration process. Listing all the points with the results it appears that the Serra do Gandarela is an important region for the water refilling process of the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte.

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Mashayekhi, Parisa, Shoja Ghorbani-Dashtaki, Mohammad Reza Mosaddeghi, Hossein Shirani, and Ali Reza Mohammadi Nodoushan. "Different scenarios for inverse estimation of soil hydraulic parameters from double-ring infiltrometer data using HYDRUS-2D/3D." International Agrophysics 30, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/intag-2015-0087.

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AbstractIn this study, HYDRUS-2D/3D was used to simulate ponded infiltration through double-ring infiltrometers into a hypothetical loamy soil profile. Twelve scenarios of inverse modelling (divided into three groups) were considered for estimation of Mualem-van Genuchten hydraulic parameters. In the first group, simulation was carried out solely using cumulative infiltration data. In the second group, cumulative infiltration data plus water content ath= −330 cm (field capacity) were used as inputs. In the third group, cumulative infiltration data plus water contents ath= −330 cm (field capacity) andh= −15 000 cm (permanent wilting point) were used simultaneously as predictors. The results showed that numerical inverse modelling of the double-ring infiltrometer data provided a reliable alternative method for determining soil hydraulic parameters. The results also indicated that by reducing the number of hydraulic parameters involved in the optimization process, the simulation error is reduced. The best one in infiltration simulation which parametersα,n, andKswere optimized using the infiltration data and field capacity as inputs. Including field capacity as additional data was important for better optimization/definition of soil hydraulic functions, but using field capacity and permanent wilting point simultaneously as additional data increased the simulation error.

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Edelbauer, Johannes, David Schuller, Oliver Lott, and Alwin Nagel. "High Temperature Squeeze Casting of Nickel Based Metal Matrix Composites with Interpenetrating Microstructure." Materials Science Forum 825-826 (July 2015): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.825-826.93.

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High temperature squeeze casting enables the fabrication of composite structures for alloys with high melting points, suitable for structural and tribological applications at high temperatures. Nickel-chromium alloys with chromium contents of about 20 wt% are extremely resistant to corrosion and exhibit operation temperatures up to 1000 °C due to the high solubility of chromium in nickel and its high melting point. The creep and wear resistance of the metal matrix composite material (MMC) is achieved by a stable ceramic backbone of Alumina with a bimodal pore structure. The fabrication of interpenetrating nickel-chromium/alumina MMCs, namely NiCr8020/Al2O3/50pp, at temperatures above 1550 °C is shown. A special infiltration tool geometry has been used to withstand thermal and mechanical strain, necessary for the infiltration of preforms with 40 mm in height. The infiltration was performed in a unique high temperature squeeze casting device with tool temperatures of about 700 °C. Infiltration duration (pore filling) was as long as about 12 s. For this, the thermal management of the tool is the demanding part. Whereas the inner cavity has to be as hot as possible to enable infiltration and to prevent premature solidification. In contrast the outer side of the infiltration tool has to be as cold as possible to withstand the infiltration pressure applied directly to the squeeze casting tool.

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Bento-Rodrigues, Joana, Fernando Judas, Jorge Pedrosa Rodrigues, João Oliveira, Pedro Simões, Francisco Lucas, and António Pais Lopes. "Necrotizing Faciitis after Shoulder Mobilization and Intra-Articular Infiltration with Betametasone." Acta Médica Portuguesa 26, no. 4 (August 30, 2013): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.149.

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Necrotizing Fasciitis is a rapidly progressive, potentially fatal infection of superficial fasciae and subcutaneous tissue, usually resulting from an inciting trauma to the skin. Medical literature refers few cases of necrotizing fasciitis related to intra-articular infiltrations, that often lead to patients death. This report describes the clinical events on a 55 year-old diabetic patient who developed upper extremity Necrotizing Fasciitis, 18 days after shoulder mobilization and intra-articular infiltration, due to Staphylococcus epidermidis. An early surgical debridement was performed and antibiotherapy was established, resulting in a successful outcome, despite the functional disability. We point out, through this case, the possibility of intra-articular injections of drugs causing Necrotizing Fasciitis, especially in risk patients.

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Communar, Gregory, and Shmulik P. Friedman. "Steady Infiltration from Point Sources and Water Uptake in Confined Cylindrical Domains." Soil Science Society of America Journal 74, no. 6 (November 2010): 1861–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2009.0441.

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Klyushin, Dmitry, and Viacheslav Onotskyi. "Numerical simulation of 3D unsaturated infiltration from point sources in porous media." Journal of Coupled Systems and Multiscale Dynamics 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jcsmd.2016.1106.

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Chen, G. J., and D. Gallipoli. "Steady infiltration from buried point source into heterogeneous cross-anisotropic unsaturated soil." International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 28, no. 10 (July 28, 2004): 1033–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.370.

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Jones, Owen Dafydd. "Runoff on rooted trees." Journal of Applied Probability 56, no. 4 (December 2019): 1065–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpr.2019.61.

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AbstractWe introduce an idealised model for overland flow generated by rain falling on a hillslope. Our prime motivation is to show how the coalescence of runoff streams promotes the total generation of runoff. We show that, for our model, as the rate of rainfall increases in relation to the soil infiltration rate there is a distinct phase change. For low rainfall (the subcritical case) only the bottom of the hillslope contributes to the total overland runoff, while for high rainfall (the supercritical case) the whole slope contributes and the total runoff increases dramatically. We identify the critical point at which the phase change occurs, and show how it depends on the degree of coalescence. When there is no stream coalescence the critical point occurs when the rainfall rate equals the average infiltration rate, but when we allow coalescence the critical point occurs when the rainfall rate is less than the average infiltration rate, and increasing the amount of coalescence increases the total expected runoff.

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Da Silva Martins, Alba Leonor, Emanoel Gomes de Moura, and Jesús H. Camacho Tamayo. "Spatial variability of infiltration and its relationship to some physical properties." Ingeniería e Investigación 30, no. 2 (May 1, 2010): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v30n2.15742.

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Water infiltration into soil is one of the basic factors for estimating irrigation intensity according to the plants' requirements; this is aimed at avoiding problems of surface run-off and degradation. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the spatial variation of infiltration and its relationship to some physical properties of soil by means of geostatistical techniques in Typic Plinthaquult soils having average texture and flat relief. A 113-point mesh was designed, having a regular distance of 10 m between points, samples being taken from 0 to 0.20 meters depth. Sand, silt and clay content, bulk density, macroporosity, microporosity and total porosity were determined. Infiltration tests were carried out in the field by means of a 15 cm diameter ring. Descriptive statistics and geostatistics were used for analysing the data. Infiltration, silt and microporosity data did not fit a normal distribution curve. Infiltration had high variability, having an average 36.03 mm h-1. Total porosity was 56.73%, this being the only property that did not show spatial dependency. The smallest ranges were observed for bulk density, macroporosity and microporosity, having values of less than 40 m. The smallest degrees of spatial dependence were observed for infiltration, silt and clay, evidence also being shown of the influence of silt and clay on infiltration rate. Contour maps were constructed; fitting them to the semivariogram models, together with studying the correlations, led to establishing relationships between the properties.

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Yuan, Bingxiang, Zengrui Cai, Mengmeng Lu, Jianbing Lv, Zhilei Su, and Zuqing Zhao. "Seepage Analysis on the Surface Layer of Multistage Filled Slope with Rainfall Infiltration." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (August 26, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8879295.

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Based on the theory of rainfall infiltration, the surface infiltration model of multilevel filled slope was established by using the SEEP/W module of GeoStudio. The changes of the volumetric water content (VWC) and pore water pressure (PWP) in the surface of the slope during the rainfall infiltration were analyzed, and the influence of the change of the rainfall conditions on the VWC and PWP was considered. The analysis showed that VWC and PWP increased when the rain fell, and the growth rate of the higher feature point was higher. The affected area was concentrated on the upper part of the surface about 0.75 m. With the increasing of rainfall intensity, the slope surface getting to transient saturation state was quick, and the time of the PWP increasing to 0 among the feature points of same elevation was shortened. Meanwhile, the PWP presented a positive value, and as the infiltration depth increased, the transient saturation region expanded. The safety coefficient of the multistage filled slope was continuously reduced; after the stop of rainfall, the VWC and the PWP decreased, and the decline rate of the higher feature points was higher. In addition, the PWP of the lower part increased, and the safety factor of the slope presented a trend of rebound.

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Krejci, Vladimir. "Integrated approach to the point-non point-pollution abatement in urban drainage." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 4-5 (February 1, 1996): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0481.

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An area in Switzerland of 260 km2 with 230 000 inhabitants was analysed for the feasibility of combined sewage overflow (CSO) tanks to reduce the pollution in receiving waters during rain events. The case study demonstrates the consideration of the point and of the non point pollution with respect to choice and application of water pollution control measures in urban drainage. For example, measures which reduce pollutant sources (e.g. substitution of phosphorus in detergents) or reduce surface runoff (e.g. dispersed retention or infiltration of rainfall runoff) are more efficient than a strategy of uniform and area wide application of CSO tanks. The new Swiss guideline for Integrated Urban Drainage Master Planning (IUDMP) introduces a radical changes in the scope and in the procedures of planning process. This guideline defines the urban drainage system as one single system, consisting of urban area, soil and ground water system, drainage network, waste water treatment plant and receiving waters. The consideration of comprehensive urban drainage system allows the choice of site-specific and problem-related measures.

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Ma, Yuqin, Yatao Zhao, Yun Zhang, Jie Wang, Yi Chen, Kaifu Li, Luyan Ju, and Ying Yu. "Influence of Infiltration Pressure on the Microstructure and Properties of 2D-CFRP Prepared by the Vacuum Infiltration Hot Pressing Molding Process." Polymers 11, no. 12 (December 5, 2019): 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11122014.

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The critical infiltration pressures of the matrix in a two-dimensional (2D) carbon fiber preform were calculated theoretically, and the calculated values of the static and dynamic models were 0.115 and 0.478 MPa, respectively. Compared with the dynamic model, there is no viscous resistance or infiltration front gas pressure in the static model, so the static value is obviously lower than the dynamic value. To verify the rationality of theoretical calculation, 2D carbon fiber reinforced plastics (2D-CFRP) with infiltration pressures of 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9 MPa were prepared by the vacuum infiltration hot pressing molding process. The microstructure of the composite was observed and the bending strength was tested by three-point bending test. The results show that the infiltration pressure has an important influence on the infiltration effect and the bending fracture morphology. When the infiltration pressure is 0.7 MPa, the composite has an excellent infiltration effect. The fibers distribute reasonable in the fracture. Stress can be effectively transferred when the composite material is loaded. And the bending strength of the composite material reaches 627 MPa at this time.

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Nofitasari, Nofitasari, Muhammad Ruslan, and Syarifuddin Kadir. "STUDI INFILTRASI DI DAS DUA LAUT KABUPATEN TANAH BUMBU PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN." Jurnal Sylva Scienteae 3, no. 5 (November 29, 2020): 919. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jss.v3i5.2560.

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Infiltration is part of the hydrologic cycle, namely the process of entering water from the surface into the soil. Infiltration is affected by vegetation, slope dan soil type. This study aims to analyze the amount of capacity and volume of infiltration in open land, shrubs and rubber plantations in the DAS Dua Laut. The reseach method uses the Horton formula with the observation point using purposive sampling with regard to various land cover and slope classes. The results showed that the highest value of infiltration capacity in rubber plantation land cover at slopes of 0-8% with a value of 1.182 mm/jam and the lowest in open land at slopes of 15-25% with a value of 0.402 mm/jam. The highest infiltration volume value in rubber plantations is 0.734 mm³ while the lowest value in open land is 0.131 mm³. this shows that the higher the slope, the smaller the infiltration and the land that has vegetation the infiltration tends to be greater. The level of slope of the land in the DAS Dua Laut affects the rate of infiltration. Infiltration rate can be categorized as slow and very slow. This is influenced by the type of soil which is clay and dusty clay.Keywords; infiltration; capacity and volume of infiltration; DAS Dua Laut

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Hidayati, Indah Kusuma, Suhardjono, Donny Harisuseno, and Agus Suharyanto. "STUDY ON ESTIMATING INITIAL ABSTRACTION (Ia) AND PONDING TIME (tp) BASED ON RAINFALL INTENSITY-INFILTRATION RATE." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 57, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 664–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.57.1.59.

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Initial abstraction (Ia) is one of the key parameters used in the well-known SCS-CN rainfall-runoff relationship method. The Ia parameter, which is recognized to have a relationship with runoff time concentration (tc) is frequently associated with ponding time (tp). The present study described a new approach to estimate Ia and tp through overlaying between rainfall intensity (i) and infiltration rate (f) curves. The infiltration rate measurement was established at thirteen (13) measurement points using double-ring infiltrometer while the hourly duration (t) and annual maximum daily rainfall data for 2009 – 2019 were used to determine rainfall hyetograph (i). The observed initial abstraction (Iaobs) and ponding time (tpobs) were obtained from the measured infiltration data at each point of infiltration measurement while the empirical initial abstraction (Iaemp) and ponding time (tpemp) were estimated by the method of overlaying between rainfall hyetograph and infiltration rate curves. The study found that the variabilities of Ia and tp were highly induced by the varying of infiltration rate (f) and rainfall intensity (i). The reliability analysis demonstrated that there is an intense association between Iaobs and Iaemp, as well as tpobs and tpemp which was indicated by the high value of the determination coefficient (R2). The results confirmed that the values of Iaemp and tpemp derived by overlaying curve of rainfall hyetograph and infiltration rate show a good agreement with Ia and tp from the observation (Iaobs, tpobs). Thus, it is reliable for estimating Ia and tp in the research location.

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Zessner, M., A. P. Blaschke, A. H. Farnleitner, R. Fenz, G. G. Kavka, and H. Kroiss. "Risks for groundwater contamination from domestic waste water: tracers, model applications and quality criteria." Water Supply 7, no. 3 (November 1, 2007): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2007.074.

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Infiltration of municipal or domestic waste water happens as unwanted or even planned form of waste water disposal as: infiltration of septic tank effluents, leakage from pits in rural areas, exfiltration from sewer systems and infiltration of biologically treated waste water in regions with lack of receiving surface waters. Suitable markers for domestic waste water in groundwater are boron (low dilution) and carbamazepine (high dilution). Pathogens and oxygen depletion represent the main risk for drinking water quality arising from domestic waste water in groundwater. Even infiltration of biologically very well treated waste water will cause zones in groundwater where drinking water standards cannot be met. The extent of these zones may vary between <20 m and several kilometres from the point of infiltration depending on the local situation.

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Jing, Zhanjie, and Xiaohong Gao. "Monitoring and early warning of a metal mine tailings pond based on a deep learning bidirectional recurrent long and short memory network." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 13, 2022): e0273073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273073.

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The effective monitoring and early warning capability of metal mine tailings ponds can improve the associated safety risk management level. The infiltration line is an important core index of tailings pond stability. In this paper, a tailings pond monitoring and early warning system, which provides technical support for the design and daily management of tailings reservoir early warning systems, is constructed. Based on a deep learning bidirectional recurrent long and short memory network, an infiltration line prediction model with univariate input and an infiltration line prediction model with multivariate input are proposed. The data adopted are those from four monitoring points of the same cross-section at different positions and data from one adjacent internal lateral displacement and internal vertical displacement monitoring point. Using the adaptive moment estimation (Adam) optimization algorithm and the root mean square error (RMSE) model evaluation metric, the multilayer perceptron model, univariate input model, and multivariate input model are compared. This work shows that their RMSEs are 0.10611, 0.09966, and 0.11955, respectively.

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Gowdish, Leslie C., and Rafael Muñoz-Carpena. "3DMGAR: A Transient Quasi-3D Point-Source Green-Ampt Infiltration and Redistribution Model." Vadose Zone Journal 17, no. 1 (2018): 180032. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2018.02.0032.

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Bandara, Samila, Alessio Ferrari, and Lyesse Laloui. "Modelling landslides in unsaturated slopes subjected to rainfall infiltration using material point method." International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 40, no. 9 (January 28, 2016): 1358–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.2499.

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Furumai, H., H. K. P. K. Jinadasa, M. Murakami, F. Nakajima, and R. K. Aryal. "Model description of storage and infiltration functions of infiltration facilities for urban runoff analysis by a distributed model." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 5 (September 1, 2005): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0108.

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Although there have been simulation researches focusing on reduction of stormwater peak flow by introduced infiltration facilities, model simulation of dynamic runoff behavior is still limited for frequently occurring rainfall events with weak intensity. Therefore, dynamic simulation was carried out in two urban drainages with infiltration facilities incorporated with a distributed model using two methods for describing functions of infiltration facilities. A method adjusting effective rainfall model gave poor simulation of runoff behavior in light rainfalls. Another method considering dynamic change of storage capacity as well as infiltration rate gave satisfactory estimation of the runoff in both drainages. In addition, assumption of facility clogging improved the agreement between measured and simulated hydrographs in small and medium-sized rainfall. Therefore, the proposed method might be useful for quantifying the secondary effects of the infiltration facilities on groundwater recharge and urban non-point pollutant trapping as well as runoff reduction.

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Balan, Ioan, Horațiu Hogaș, Loredana Crenganiș, Isabela Balan, Flaviana Corduneanu, and Denis Țopa. "Research on the infiltrations in an earth dam. Case study: Cuibul Vulturilor Reservoir, Vaslui County, Romania." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 15, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15551/pesd2021151016.

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The dam of the reservoir Cuibul Vulturilor, located on the Tutova river is an inhomogeneous earth dam with a maximum height of 15.0 m, with a clayey central core and lateral prisms made of clayey-dusty sands. For tracking the evolution of body dam seepage, 12 piezometers and a drainage pipe with discharge in the downstream connection channel of the bottom outlet are used. The paper presents the characteristic elements of the theoretical infiltration curve in the dam It also shows the hydro isohypses for the dam drawn with SURFER program, using the maximum hydrostatic levels in the piezometers measured in the year 2019. The distribution of the hydro isohypses across the dam is strongly influenced by the location of the piezometers and the other point of measuring the hydraulic head. The pattern circulation of the infiltration water inside the dam body could be studied with increased accuracy, if the dam had been equipped with several piezometers. Even in these conditions, it is clearly observed that the regime of infiltrations through the dam body is similar to the theoretical way of behavior.

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42

Roy, Debjit, Xinhua Jia, Dean D. Steele, Xuefeng Chu, and Zhulu Lin. "Infiltration into Frozen Silty Clay Loam Soil with Different Soil Water Contents in the Red River of the North Basin in the USA." Water 12, no. 2 (January 21, 2020): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020321.

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Predicting surface runoff and flooding in seasonally frozen areas such as the Red River of the North Basin (RRB) in USA is a challenging task. It depends on the knowledge of the complex process of infiltration in frozen soil, such as phase changes of water, ice content and distribution in the infiltration zone (the top 0–30 cm of the soil profile), soil pore size distribution, soil temperature and freeze–thaw cycles. In this study, the infiltration rates into frozen soil (Colvin silty clay loam according to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Classification, and Chernozem according to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) international soil Classification) were measured at three different initial water contents: permanent wilting point (PWP), θpwp; field capacity (FC), θfc; and between FC and PWP, θmid. Laboratory infiltration experiments were conducted using a Cornell sprinkle infiltrometer with three replications for each initial water content. Volumetric soil water content (θv) and soil temperature at three depths were also continuously monitored using sensors. The average infiltration rates were 0.66, 0.38, and 0.59 cm/min for three initial water contents (θpwp, θmid, and θfc, respectively). Initial infiltration into frozen soil occurred quickly in the soil with θpwp because the soil was dry. Melted ice water contributed to the total soil water content over time, so it made the initial infiltration comparatively slower in the soil with θmid. Initial infiltration was also slower in the soil with θfc because the wet soil had very small pore space, so the soil rapidly reached its saturation after the infiltration started. The Horton infiltration equation was fitted with the observed infiltration rates for the soils with three initial water contents, and the goodness of fit was evaluated by using the coefficient of determination (R2) and the root-mean-square error (RMSE). The final infiltration rates from the fitted Horton equations were 0.060, 0.010, and 0.027 cm/min for the initial water contents (θpwp, θmid, and θfc, respectively). The soil water content along the soil profile changed with the amount of infiltrating water over time. However, the initial soil water content and melt water from ice resulting from soil temperature rise regulated the change in soil water content. The amount of ice melt water contribution to soil water content change varied among the soils with different initial water contents (θpwp, θmid, and θfc, respectively). The θv changed gradually in the θpwp soil, rapidly at 0 °C in the θmid soil, and less in the θfc soil. The change in pore distribution due to freeze–thaw cycles and soil packing altered the soil hydraulic properties and the infiltration into the soil. This study can provide critical information for flood forecasting model and subsurface drainage design in the RRB.

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Bancolé, A., F. Brissaud, and T. Gnagne. "Oxidation processes and clogging in intermittent unsaturated infiltration." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2004): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0825.

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Intermittent infiltration of wastewater through a non saturated sand bed is an extensive treatment process aimed at eliminating organic pollution, oxidizing ammonia and removing pathogens. A 1D numerical model, IPOX, has been worked out to simulate the transfer and oxidation of dissolved organic matter and nitrogen in unsaturated sand beds. IPOX was calibrated after real scale tests performed in Spain and Burkina Faso. Simulations allowed us to point out the influence of (i) kinetics on oxidation performances and (ii) biomass development on the process sustainability. These results brought a new light on the sizing and operation of infiltration percolation and soil aquifer treatment (SAT) plants.

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Calin, Recep, and Ramazan Citak. "Effect of Mg Content in Matrix on Infiltration Height in Producing MgO/Al Composite by Vacuum Infiltration Method." Materials Science Forum 546-549 (May 2007): 611–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.546-549.611.

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Vacuum infiltration is one of the composite production method. Reinforcement volume ratio, vacuum value, molten matrix composition and temperature, infiltration atmosphere and time are important parameters in infiltration of molten metal into preformed reinforcement. In this study, MgO powder and Al were used as reinforcement and matrix respectively. Mixture of MgO and Al powders with –105 μm particle size were filled in quartz tubes freely to form 30 % reinforcement volume ratio. Liquid pure Al with varying Mg contents were vacuum infiltrated into the MgO powder under 550 mmHg vacuum at two different temperatures in normal atmosphere for 3 min. After vacuuming, infiltration height and density of produced composite have been determined. Fracture behavior of composites has also been determined by three point fracture test. Microstructure of composites and fracture surface were investigated by SEM analysis. It has been found that fracture strength of composites decreased although infiltration height and density increased with increasing Mg content of liquid Al. It has been also determined that molten metal temperature facilitates infiltration.

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Shi, Yuchen, and Xiaofeng Li. "A convenient method to assess air infiltration rate using particle mass balance principle." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 06039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911106039.

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Uncontrolled air leakage across a building exterior (i.e., air infiltration) is a primary reason for excessive energy consumption of air conditioning systems and indoor particle pollution, because infiltration brings outdoor high dew point air and particulate pollutants indoors. Therefore, assessing air infiltration rate is very necessary for improving building energy performance and indoor air quality. However, the commonly used method to assess infiltration rate is very complex to implement. In this paper, we propose a convenient method to assess the infiltration rate based on the mass balance of particulate matters. Given the ubiquity of particulate matters in the outdoor environment and being cost-free, this method is able to avoid the disadvantages of traditional methods. PM2.5 is chosen to establish the mass balance. The method was used in an office room to measure the infiltration rate. Simultaneously, the carbon dioxide tracer gas method was used to verify our method. The relative error between the results calculated by our method and the verifying method is within 10%, which indicates that the proposed method would be feasible in practical applications.

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Zhang, Ming Yu, Qi Zhong Huang, Zhe An Su, and Zhi Yong Xie. "Control Growth of Pyrocarbon by Chemical Vapor Infiltration." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 456–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.456.

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A novel rapid chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) processing defined by multi-physics fields CVI was used to fabricate carbon/carbon (C/C) composites. Liquid petrol gas is used as carbon source and the parameters were experimental tested and optimized. Because of the influence of multi-physics fields, a new surface morpha is grown under control parameters. It is called “Dot Structure”. The structure of pyrocarbon is analyzed and characterized by XRD, SEM with EDS, and Raman spectrum. At the end, a simple model of point discharge for growth of pyrocarbon is proposed. The deposited pyrocarbon based on multi-physics fields chemical vapor infiltration is expected to provide an improve performance in rapid C/C composites fabrication.

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Gao, Feng Hua, Zhong Bo Yu, Xing Chen, and Hong Wei Liu. "Study on Hillslope Hydrodynamics Process and Catchment Runoff Producing Pattern in Humid Area." Applied Mechanics and Materials 212-213 (October 2012): 264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.212-213.264.

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Hydrologic cycle was the supporter of pollution matter transportation, and the transferring of agricultural non-point source pollution from land to water has great relationship with hydrologic process. As part study of agricultural non-point source pollution matter transferring mechanics in small watershed, we studied the soil water movement, overland flow producing and confluence mechanism at the hillslope and watershed scales during storm events in humid area. This study monitored the overland flow, soil moisture, groundwater and the stream flow at outlet of the watershed during two storm events (July 19th 2008 and July 30th 2009), analyzed the rain-runoff producing patterns under different conditions and their impact factors. In humid area, soil water movement had three patterns, rainfall infiltration, lateral subsurface flow and groundwater rising, their ranges of influence depths were decided by the rainfall amount, duration and intensity, antecedent conditions and the soil physical characteristics. The overland runoff was infiltration excess runoff at the leading portion of the event, and changed gradually into the mixed patterns of infiltration excess runoff and saturation excess runoff. There was a large amount of regression water on the falling limb of the stream flow. The sources of the stream flow at the outlet of watershed contributed much to the non-point source pollution transportation pathways.

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Stoll, Erick, P. Mahr, Horst Günter Krüger, H. Kern, and Aldo Roberto Boccaccini. "Progresses in the Electrophoretic Deposition Technique to Infiltrate Oxide Fibre Mats for Fabrication of Ceramic Matrix Composites." Key Engineering Materials 314 (July 2006): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.314.195.

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The electrophoretic deposition (infiltration) method represents a convenient alternative technique to fabricate ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) with improved high matrix density. The focal point of the present work is to describe the basic principle of the EPD technique applied to fabricate CMCs with oxide matrix and oxide fibres. Optimisation of the suspension stability is emphasised as well as the operational determination of the parameters for EPD and the designed of a new EPD cell to warrant the improved infiltration of the particles into fibre mats used as reinforcement. The electrophoretic deposition (infiltration) technique was applied to fabricate composites with alumina matrix (α-Al2O3) reinforced with NextelTM 720 fibres. The fabricated composites demonstrate that EPD permits to achieve a high matrix density with an excellent high intra-tow infiltration of the matrix particles. Moreover a mechanism of the EPD infiltration of oxide fibres is proposed and consequently progress in understanding the fundamentals of the technique applied to oxide-oxide systems has been made.

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O'Callaghan, Dermot S., Elton Rexhepaj, Kathy Gately, Linda Coate, David Delaney, Dearbhaile M. O'Donnell, Elaine Kay, Finbarr O'Connell, William M. Gallagher, and Kenneth J. O'Byrne. "Tumour islet Foxp3+ T-cell infiltration predicts poor outcome in nonsmall cell lung cancer." European Respiratory Journal 46, no. 6 (November 5, 2015): 1762–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00176-2014.

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The impact of host immunity on outcome in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is controversial. We examined the relationship between lymphoid infiltration patterns in NSCLC and prognosis.Tumour- and stroma-infiltrating CD3+, CD8+ and forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)+ T-lymphocytes were identified using immunohistochemistry and a novel image analysis algorithm to assess total, cytotoxic and regulatory T-lymphocyte counts, respectively, in 196 NSCLC cases. The median cell count was selected as a cut-point to define patient subgroups and the ratio of the corresponding tumour islet:stroma (TI/S) counts was determined.There was a positive association between overall survival and increased CD8+ TI/S ratio (hazard ratio (HR) for death 0.44, p<0.001) but an inverse relationship between Foxp3+ TI/S ratio and overall survival (HR 4.86, p<0.001). Patients with high CD8+ islet (HR 0.48, p<0.001) and Foxp3+ stromal (HR 0.23, p<0.001) counts had better survival, whereas high CD3+ and CD8+ stromal counts and high Foxp3+ islet infiltration conferred a worse survival (HR 1.55, 2.19 and 3.14, respectively). By multivariate analysis, a high CD8+ TI/S ratio conferred an improved survival (HR 0.48, p=0.002) but a high Foxp3+ TI/S ratio was associated with worse survival (HR 3.91, p<0.001).Microlocalisation of infiltrating T-lymphocytes is a powerful predictor of outcome in resected NSCLC.

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Gu, Xi, Lin Yang, Deqin Yang, Yuan Gao, Xiaolei Duan, Xin Zhu, He Yuan, and Jiyao Li. "Esthetic improvements of postorthodontic white-spot lesions treated with resin infiltration and microabrasion: A split-mouth, randomized clinical trial." Angle Orthodontist 89, no. 3 (February 5, 2019): 372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/041218-274.1.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the esthetic improvement between postorthodontic white-spot lesions (WSLs) treated by resin infiltration and microabrasion for 12 months. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 patients with 128 teeth with postorthodontic WSLs were recruited. A simple randomized, split-mouth, positive controlled design was used to allocate patients to resin infiltration or microabrasion groups. The lesion area ratio (R value) was calculated between the area of a WSL and the labial surface of the corresponding tooth based on standardized clinical photographs. The color change (ΔE) of each tooth was measured with a Crystaleye spectrophotometer (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). Every measurement was taken before treatment (T0) and at different time points after treatment: 1 week (T1), 6 months (T6), and 12 months (T12). Results: A total of 16 patients with 108 trial teeth were available at T12. Each group had 54 trial teeth. In both groups, there was a significant decrease in R value and ΔE between T1 and T0 (P < .0001). In the infiltration group, the R value and ΔE had no significant changes over time from T1 to T12. In the microabrasion group, the R value and ΔE decreased significantly from T1 to T6. The R value of resin infiltration was lower when compared with microabrasion at every recall point (P < .001). The ΔE had no significant differences between the two groups at any timepoint. Conclusions: Resin infiltration and microabrasion improved the esthetic appearance of WSLs and showed sufficient durability for 12 months. Resin infiltration showed a better esthetic improvement effect when compared with microabrasion at 12 months.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Point infiltration'

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