Academic literature on the topic 'Point infiltration'
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Journal articles on the topic "Point infiltration"
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Jaya Negara, I. Dewa Gede, Lilik Hanifah, Humairoh Saidah, and Saiful Anwar. "Karakteristik Infiltrasi dan Potensi Irigasi di Lahan Kering Kecamatan Bayan Kabupaten Lombok Utara." JURNAL SAINS TEKNOLOGI & LINGKUNGAN 7, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jstl.v7i1.239.
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Agricultural development with horticultural crops on dry land is one of the government's efforts to increase dry land productivity so that new paddy fields are created in the Bayan area. Noting that land infiltration capability and its classification are important factors needed in irrigation planning to support the development of horticultural agriculture, so it is necessary to conduct field research on this matter. This study aims to determine the characteristics and classification of land infiltration and determine the trend of irrigation that can be applied. Field infiltration tests were carried out in Anyar and Sukadana villages with 4 test points each. The infiltration rate test in the field was carried out using a double ring infiltrometer and a soil test at the Geotechnical Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Unram. Analysis of the data used Horton's formula as a comparison and the results of the analysis were presented in the form of tables and graphs, conclusions were made descriptively. The results showed that the average infiltration rate in Anyar Village was at point 1 = 26.90 cm/hour, point 2 = 14.94 cm/hour, point 3 = 27.33 cm/hour, and point 4 = 8.21 cm/hour with soil including sandy clay. Infiltration rate classification of points 1 and 3 is very fast, point 2 is fast and location 4 is rather fast. For Sukadana Village the infiltration rate was obtained at point 1 = 43.52 cm/hour, point 2 = 36.67 cm/hour, point 3 = 12.86 cm/hour, and point 4 = 10.97 cm/hour, with the condition sandy clay soil. Sukadana's infiltration rate classification points 1 and 2 are very fast and points 3 and 4 are rather fast. Based on the results of the infiltration test, for very fast and fast infiltration, it is potential to apply jet irrigation such as sprinklers or perforations and for rather fast infiltration, drip irrigation can be applied with limited drip system
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J. S. Shepard, W. W. Wallender, and J. W. Hopmans. "One-point Method for Estimating Furrow Infiltration." Transactions of the ASAE 36, no. 2 (1993): 395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.28351.
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Hearman, A. J., and C. Hinz. "Sensitivity of point scale runoff predictions to rainfall resolution." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 6 (November 17, 2006): 3517–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-3-3517-2006.
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Abstract. This paper investigates the effects of using non-linear, high resolution rainfall, compared to time averaged rainfall on the triggering of hydrologic thresholds and therefore model predictions of infiltration excess and saturation excess runoff. The bounded random cascade model, parameterized to south western Australian rainfall, was used to scale rainfall intensities at various time resolutions ranging from 1.875 min to 2 h. A one dimensional, conceptual rainfall partitioning model was used that instantaneously partitions water into infiltration excess, infiltration, storage, deep drainage, saturation excess and surface runoff, where the fluxes into and out of the soil store are controlled by thresholds. For example, saturation excess is triggered when the soil water content reaches the storage capacity threshold. The results of the numerical modelling were scaled by relating soil infiltration properties to soil draining properties, and inturn, relating these to average storm intensities. By relating maximum soil infiltration capacities to saturated drainage rates (f*), we were able to split soils into two groups; those where all runoff is a result of infiltration excess alone (f*≤0.2) and those susceptible to both infiltration excess and saturation excess runoff (f*>0.2). For all soil types, we related maximum infiltration capacities to average storm intensities (k*) and were able to show where model predictions of infiltration excess were most sensitive to rainfall resolution (ln k=0.4) and where using time averaged rainfall data can lead to an under prediction of infiltration excess and an over prediction of the amount of water entering the soil (ln k*>2). For soils susceptible to both infiltration excess and saturation excess, total runoff sensitivity was scaled by relating saturated drainage rates to average storm intensities (g*) and parameter ranges where predicted runoff was dominated by infiltration excess or saturation excess depending on the resolution of rainfall data was determined (ln g*<2). Infiltration excess predicted from high resolution rainfall is short and intense, whereas saturation excess produced from low resolution rainfall is more constant and less intense. This has important implications for the accuracy of current hydrological models that use time averaged rainfall under these soil and rainfall conditions and predictions of further thresholds such as erosion. It offers insight into areas where the understanding of the dynamics of high resolution rainfall is required and a means by which we can improve our understanding of the way variations in rainfall intensities within a storm relate to hydrological thresholds and model predictions.
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Cramer, Stewart F. "Pagetoid Infiltration and Pseudoinfiltration—Another Point of View." American Journal of Dermatopathology 24, no. 5 (October 2002): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000372-200210000-00020.
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Urso, Carmelo. "Pagetoid Infiltration and Pseudoinfiltration—Another Point of View." American Journal of Dermatopathology 24, no. 5 (October 2002): 451–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000372-200210000-00021.
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Hearman, A. J., and C. Hinz. "Sensitivity of point scale surface runoff predictions to rainfall resolution." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 2 (March 5, 2007): 965–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-965-2007.
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Abstract. This paper investigates the effects of using non-linear, high resolution rainfall, compared to time averaged rainfall on the triggering of hydrologic thresholds and therefore model predictions of infiltration excess and saturation excess runoff at the point scale. The bounded random cascade model, parameterized to three locations in Western Australia, was used to scale rainfall intensities at various time resolutions ranging from 1.875 min to 2 h. A one dimensional, conceptual rainfall partitioning model was used that instantaneously partitioned water into infiltration excess, infiltration, storage, deep drainage, saturation excess and surface runoff, where the fluxes into and out of the soil store were controlled by thresholds. The results of the numerical modelling were scaled by relating soil infiltration properties to soil draining properties, and in turn, relating these to average storm intensities. For all soil types, we related maximum infiltration capacities to average storm intensities (k*) and were able to show where model predictions of infiltration excess were most sensitive to rainfall resolution (ln k*=0.4) and where using time averaged rainfall data can lead to an under prediction of infiltration excess and an over prediction of the amount of water entering the soil (ln k*>2) for all three rainfall locations tested. For soils susceptible to both infiltration excess and saturation excess, total runoff sensitivity was scaled by relating drainage coefficients to average storm intensities (g*) and parameter ranges where predicted runoff was dominated by infiltration excess or saturation excess depending on the resolution of rainfall data were determined (ln g*<2). Infiltration excess predicted from high resolution rainfall was short and intense, whereas saturation excess produced from low resolution rainfall was more constant and less intense. This has important implications for the accuracy of current hydrological models that use time averaged rainfall under these soil and rainfall conditions and predictions of larger scale phenomena such as hillslope runoff and runon. It offers insight into how rainfall resolution can affect predicted amounts of water entering the soil and thus soil water storage and drainage, possibly changing our understanding of the ecological functioning of the system or predictions of agri-chemical leaching. The application of this sensitivity analysis to different rainfall regions in Western Australia showed that locations in the tropics with higher intensity rainfalls are more likely to have differences in infiltration excess predictions with different rainfall resolutions and that a general understanding of the prevailing rainfall conditions and the soil's infiltration capacity can help in deciding whether high rainfall resolutions (below 1 h) are required for accurate surface runoff predictions.
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García Baizan, Alejandra, Paula Pereira Bouzas, and Rosa Bouzas Sierra. "Perirenal infiltration: Key point in Erdheim-Chester disease diagnosis." Medicina Clínica (English Edition) 157, no. 3 (August 2021): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medcle.2020.06.041.
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Zhang, Yong, Zong Min Chen, Zhao Jun Wang, and Jing Hui Liu. "Preparation and Sound Absorption Coefficient Test of Aluminum Foam with CaO Granules Infiltrating Agent." Materials Science Forum 933 (October 2018): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.933.55.
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Three kinds of aluminum foam of different pore sizes were prepared with a tailor-made low-pressure infiltration device. CaO granules in three sizes (0.45~0.71mm,0.71~090mm and 1.25~1.60mm) were selected as infiltrating agents. The processing parameters were as follows: granules preheat temperature of 700 °C,infiltration pressure of 0.04 MPa and aluminum liquid temperature of 720 °C. In order to improve the removal performance and porosity, mixture of CaO powder of finer than 300 mesh and pure alcohol was mixed uniformly with granules, which made the slurry-coating granules conformal contacts rather than point contacts as in the traditional infiltration method. The testing results show that among all aluminum foam specimens tested with transfer function methods, two kinds have high sound absorption coefficient in low frequency (250~1600Hz).
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Miyamoto, Takashi, Yusuke Yamamoto, Teiichi Sugiura, Yukiyasu Okamura, Takaaki Ito, Ryo Ashida, Katsuhisa Ohgi, and Katsuhiko Uesaka. "Pathological examination of CT findings of tumor infiltration to the periarterial plexus in pancreatic cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2020): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.4_suppl.644.
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644 Background: The radiographic diagnosis of tumor infiltration into the periarterial plexus in pancreatic cancer is important because it is related to the classification, however, it is difficult to distinguish the abnormal shadow along the artery caused by inflammation or cancer infiltration. The aim of this study is to investigate CT values of the abnormal shadow along artery could distinguish between inflammation and tumor invasion. Methods: Study 1: Of 26 patients who underwent DP-CAR between 2009 and 2018, we analyzed 19 patients who had dynamic CT and obtained sagittal slice taken 120 seconds after injection with less than 2.5 mm slice thickness. At first, we measured CT values at upper and lower point of CeA and CHA each sagittal slice using CT. Next, we evaluated tumor invasion at the upper and lower plexus of CeA and CHA in each section of the pathological specimen, and evaluated the relationship between the tumor invasion and the CT value. Study 2: Using these 19 patients and 40 patients who underwent DP for PDAC between 2010 and 2014, we analyzed the relation between CT value and long-term states. Results: Study 1: CT value was totally measured at the 606 points using 19 patients who underwent DP-CAR. At the 490 points, we did not observe cancer infiltration and fibrosis. At the 70 points, we observed fibrosis without cancer cells. At the 46 points, we observed cancer infiltration. CT value was significantly higher in the tumor infiltration group than that in the without cancer infiltration and fibrosis group (P < 0.01). Study 2: The best cut-off of CT value of the presence of cancer infiltration was 44.9 HU using ROC curve (AUC = 0.861). The median survival time of patients who had the points of CT value > 44.9 HU around arteries was significantly shorter than that of patients who did not have the points of CT value > 44.9 HU (2.17 vs. 4.55 years, p = 0.03). Conclusions: The CT value around the arteries was significantly higher in the points of pathological tumor infiltration than that in the points of fibrosis without cancer cells. The best cut-off CT value of the presence of cancer infiltration around arteries was 44.9 HU, and the presence of the point of CT value > 44.9 HU around arteries was associated with poor survival.
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Warrick, A. W. "Point and Line Infiltration-Calculation of the Wetted Soil Surface." Soil Science Society of America Journal 49, no. 6 (November 1985): 1581–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900060050x.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Point infiltration"
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Morais, Julio Terencio da Silva 1960. "Infiltration and evaporation from a point source water application." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191894.
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Two separate field studies were conducted at the University of Arizona Campus Agricultural center in Tucson in the summer of 1985. The purpose of the first study was to use Infrared Theomometry, Micro Lysimeter, and Neutron Surface Meter Methods to estimate bare-soil water evaporation surrounding a point source emitter. The purpose of the second study was to estimate soil water infiltration from a point source using a theoretical model. In the model it is assumed that the water content ahead the front after infiltration commences is the same as the antecedent moisture content, and the moisture content behind the front is given by a quasi-linear solution that assumes an exponential relationship between the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and the pressure head. The results from the first study showed good agreement among methods as indicated by high correlations. Also the results for the second experiment indicated that the model can be used to estimate infiltration from a point source, but special attention should be given to emitter flow rate.
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Sypherd, Shane Dirk. "Effects of Infiltration Temperature, Time, and Gas Flow Rate on Material Properties of Carbon Infiltration Carbon Nanotubes." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7733.
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This work characterizes the material properties of carbon infiltrated carbon nanotube (CI- CNT) structures. The impacts of temperature, time, and hydrogen flow rates on the material prop- erties of modulus of elasticity and strength are examined and compared. Carbon infiltration levels are assessed through the use of SEM images to determine which parameters give the highest level of infiltration. Through the use of SEM, carbon capping is observed on samples infiltrated for longer times at 900 and 950◦ C, suggesting that the samples are not being infiltrated during the entire desired infiltration period at these temperatures. The highest material properties of modulus and strength were reached when infiltrating the carbon nanotube forests for 150 mins at 850◦ C with hydrogen flowing at 311 sccm (0.0115 m/s). With these parameters, a modulus of 20.4 GPa and strength of 289.8 MPa were attained. The poorest results were seen when the samples were infiltrated at 800◦ C, and is therefore not recommended as an infiltration temperature if high mod- ulus and strength are desired. Density is correlated to strength and modulus and it is seen that there is a strong correlation between higher strength and modulus with higher density.
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Krauss, Lauren Marie. "Balancing the Water Budget: the effect of plant functional type on infiltration to harvest ratios in stormwater bioretention cells." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101970.
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Stormwater bioretention cells (BRCs) are a variety of green stormwater infrastructure with the potential to restore pre-urban water balance, provided they can be tailored to infiltrate and evapotranspire (i.e., harvest) urban runoff in proportions consistent with pre-urban hydrologic conditions. This paper evaluates their capacity to do so, focusing on evapotranspirative harvest, which is relatively understudied, and the capacity of CSR (Competitve, Stress-tolerant, and Ruderal) functional type to serve as an overarching framework characterizing the water use strategy of BRC plants. The goal is to determine if harvest (and therefore the ratio of urban runoff infiltrated to harvested; the I:H ratio) might be fine-tuned to meet pre-urban values in BRCs through informed manipulation of plant community composition. This study focuses on 3 critical plant water use traits, the turgor loss point, the point of incipient water stress, and maximum stomatal conductance. A global plant traits meta-analysis identified degree of plant competitiveness and stress tolerance as significant determinants of all three water use traits, with stem type (woody vs herbaceous) also being significant, but only for turgor loss point. Based on these results, six water use scenarios appropriate for plants with different CSR type/stem type combinations were developed. BRC plants spanning the range of CSR types necessary to actionize these scenarios were determined to be available in eight major climate zones of the coterminous US, suggesting that regulating plant water use in BRCs using CSR is likely feasible. Hydraulic simulations (Hydrus 1D) were conducted for each scenario in all eight climate zones and revealed significant differences in evapotranspirative harvest and I:H ratios in simulated BRCs. Competitive woody plants had the highest evapotranspiration and lowest I:H ratios; 1.5-1.8 times more evapotranspiration and a 1.6-2 times lower I:H ratio than stress tolerant herbaceous plants, on average, across climate zones. Despite these significant differences, no simulated BRC in any climate zone was capable of reproducing pre-urban I:H ratios, regardless of plant type. More water was infiltrated than harvested in all scenarios and climates with the inverse being true for all pre-urban conditions. This suggests that absent additional sources of harvest (e.g., use of BRC water for nonpotable purposes such as toilet flushing and outdoor irrigation, or adoption of novel BRC designs that promote lateral exfiltration, stimulating "extra" evapotranspiration from nearby landscapes), BRCs will be unable to restore pre-urban water balance on their own. If true, then using BRCs in combination with other green technologies (particularly those biased towards harvest), may be the best path forward for balancing urban water budgets.Master of Science
Stormwater bioretention cells (BRCs) are a variety of green infrastructure designed to manage urban stormwater flows that can dramatically reduce the amount of stormwater that is rapidly (and unnaturally) conveyed from paved surfaces to ecosystems. Their ability to recreate natural flow conditions is dependent on them balancing rates of infiltration – slowly filtering water down to the water table – and evapotranspiration – letting plants capture and transpire water. This paper evaluates the extent to which different plant functional types (competitive, stress tolerant, and ruderal (weedy)) can be used to regulate this balance, bringing urban hydrologic conditions closer to pre-urban ones. Competitiveness and stress tolerance were found to significantly influence plant water use traits, as was plant stem type (woody vs herbaceous) to a lesser extent (i.e., managing water budgets using CSR functional type is theoretically possible). Published BRC vegetation guidelines in 8 major US climate zones were found to include both competitive and stress tolerant species (i.e., the range of functional types required to regulate BRC water balance exists, suggesting it is feasible). Finally, hydraulic simulations conducted under six plant water use scenarios (reflecting different CSR types and stem types) revealed significant differences in the ratio of water infiltrated to evapotranspired by BRCs (i.e., changing plant functional types can meaningfully influence BRC water balance). This said, the magnitude of this effect may be insufficient to return urban catchments to a pre-urban state. All BRCs infiltrated too much water in our simulations suggesting that absent additional sources of harvest (for instance., use of BRC water for nonpotable purposes such as toilet flushing or outdoor irrigation), BRCs will be unable to restore pre-urban water balance on their own. If true, then using BRCs in combination with other green technologies (particularly those biased towards harvest), may be the best path forward for balancing urban water budgets.
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Revol, Philippe. "Caractérisation hydrodynamique des sols par infiltration bidimensionnelle axisymétrique et modélisation simplifiée de la micro-irrigation." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10184.
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Les caracteristiques hydrodynamiques du sol jouent un role essentiel sur la repartition de l'eau en micro-irrigation, en particulier dans le cas d'une source ponctuelle. Il est donc important de pouvoir connaitre celles-ci facilement lorsqu'on s'interesse au dimensionnement et a la conduite des reseaux a la parcelle. La premiere partie de ce memoire presente une etude des principales methodes de caracterisation par infiltration axisymetrique qui sont actuellement en phase de developpement. Cette etude est effectuee a partir d'experimentations au champ et de la modelisation numerique et analytique des essais. Nous etudions les performances de ces methodes, et notamment l'influence de l'utilisation d'un regime permanent approximatif. Nous montrons, a partir d'une solution analytique transitoire, comment s'affranchir de l'hypothese d'un regime permanent pour ameliorer la precision des resultats de l'analyse multidisque. Nous etudions aussi la possibilite d'utiliser les instants initiaux des regimes transitoires, et l'effet de la variabilite spatiale a courte echelle. Dans la seconde partie de ce memoire nous presentons une solution quasi-analytique pseudo-transitoire pour l'infiltration sous une source ponctuelle (il n'existe pas de theorie analytique transitoire complete). Les parametres s'obtiennent par les methodes etudiees dans la premiere partie de ce memoire, sauf un parametre concernant la diffusivite capillaire. Cette solution approchee donne des resultats coherents avec les autres types de modelisation et les experimentations au laboratoire et au champ. Elle presente la particularite essentielle de representer les effets de la gravite sur la deformation du front d'humectation. Une version simplifiee, avec extractin racinaire, fournit un modele analytique pour les transferts d'eau sous un goutteur en micro-irrigation. Ce modele permet, dans certaines limites, d'etudier le dimensionnement et la conduite d'un reseau
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Kitheka, Bernard M. Mr. "INVENTORY OF STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN THE CITY OF OXFORD, OHIO." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1274732505.
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Alam, Muhammad Faisal. "Squeeze Casting as Alternative Fabrication Process for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Aluminium Matrix Composites." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24361.
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Aluminium matrix composites are among the most promising candidate materials for light weight and high strength applications such as transportation and armour. In a previous study 6061 aluminum matrix composites reinforced with plain weave carbon fiber preform (AS4 Hexcel) were successfully fabricated by squeeze casting using the laminate fabrication technique. This research aims at optimizing the fabrication process in order to achieve improved strength and mechanical properties. It focuses on the liquid infiltration squeeze casting method. Good mechanical bonding between fiber and aluminium is achieved thanks to improved infiltration and impregnation of the fabric by liquid aluminium. Oxidation products at fiber/aluminium interface and porosity are reduced. As a result, composites are produced with overall improved mechanical properties. The flexural strength is increased by up to 19.9% and 15.4% compared to the laminate approach and the reference 6061 aluminium alloy squeeze cast under identical conditions, respectively. Similarly, overall hardness is improved. However, the impact strength is reduced by 7.76% and 25.78% when compared to casts fabricated by the laminate method and the reference aluminium alloy, respectively. The thesis constitutes a good basis for further research on fiber and particle reinforced aluminium matrix composites with the goal of further improving fracture toughness, particularly for gradient materials used in armour applications.
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Hun, Manitou. "Influence de l'eau sur le décollement d'une interface par fléxion d'un bicouche de chaussée urbaine." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2012. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00851093.
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Afin d’investiguer les mécanismes de décollement de chaussées urbaines, cette thèse se concentre sur leurs caractérisations en laboratoire. Dans ce travail, il s’agit de savoir si la présence d’eau (par infiltration dans les matériaux) combinée à des sollicitations mécaniques de flexion peut jouer un rôle dans la détérioration des interfaces couplant plus particulièreme nt du béton de ciment à de l’enrobé bitumineux. Un essai de flexion 4 points permettant de générer de la rupture d’interface en mode mixte (mode I et II) est choisi a priori et adapté. L’analyse mécanique de l’essai est menée en déformations planes à l'aide d’un Modèle élastique Multiparticulaire à Matériaux Multicouches spécifique dédié à l’étude des effets de bords dans les structures multicouches en fle xion, le M4-5n. Le problème écrit analytiquement et résolu sous Scilab permet d'optimiser la géométrie des éprouvettes afin de favoriser le délaminage. Le montage de l’essai est mis au point en laboratoire. Des éprouvettes bicouches Alu/PVC sont utilisées pour cali brer le montage. Un aquarium spécifique est construit afin de pouvoir immerger les éprouvettes lors des essais sous eau. Les résultats expérimentaux mettent en évidence l’effet de la température sur la résistance de l’interface. Les techniques de corrélation d 'images numériques sont utilisées pour mesurer expérimentalement les déplacements d’ouverture et de glissement de fissure. Ces techniques permettent de déterminer les facteurs d’intensité de contraintes et les taux de restitution donnés par Dundurs. Ces valeurs sont comparées avec succès à celles du M4-5n. A 20°C sous eau, les essais montrent que l’eau privilégie le processus de décollementIn order to investigate the mechanisms of debonding of urban roads, this thesis focuses on their characterization in the laboratory. In this work, the idea is to know whether the presence of water (by infiltration into materials) combined with me chanical bending can play a role in the deterioration of the interfaces coupling especially of the cement concrete to the asphalt concrete. A 4 -point bending test allowing to generate interface failure in mixed mode (mode I and II) is chosen a priori and adapted. The mechanical analysis of the test is conducted in plane strain with a Multi-particle elastic Model of Multilayer Materials specifically dedicated to the study of edge effects in multilayer structures under bending, the M4-5n. The problem written analytically and solved in Scilab allows optimizing the geometry of the specimens in order to facilitate the delamination. The testing device is developed in the labo ratory. Bilayer specimens Alu/PVC are used to calibrate the testing device. In order to immerse the specimens in water during the tests, a specific aquarium is constructed. The experimental results demonstrate the effect of temperature on the resistance of the int erface. The techniques of Digital Image Correlation are used to experimentally measure the crack opening and sliding displacement. These techniques are used to determine the stress intensity factors and the energy release rate given by Dundurs. These values are compared successfully with those of M4-5n. In the 20°C water, the experiments show that water privileges the process of debonding
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Balança, Camille-Charlotte. "Contribution des réponses immunitaires adaptatives spécifiques des antigènes tumoraux à l'efficacité clinique de l'immunothérapie par inhibition de l'axe PD-1/PD-L1." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30007.
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Les lymphocytes infiltrant la tumeur (TIL) épuisés, sont caractérisés par l'expression de points de contrôle de l'immunité (PCI), par exemple PD-1. Une des approches majeures en immunothérapie, basée sur l'inhibition des PCI, s'est avérée efficace dans le contrôle de la progression tumorale dans plusieurs cancers. Malgré cette avancée, seule une proportion des patients en retire un bénéfice clinique. Afin d'améliorer les réponses à l'inhibition des PCI, il est nécessaire de comprendre les mécanismes impliqués dans l'épuisement des TIL et d'élucider quels lymphocytes T (LT) sont capables de répondre à cette immunothérapie. Au site tumoral, nous mettons en évidence que seuls les LT CD8 spécifiques des antigènes (Ag) tumoraux expriment quatre PCI ainsi que d'autres marqueurs d'épuisement et perdent la molécule de co-stimulation CD28, contrairement au LT CD8 spécifiques circulants. Les TIL CD8 spécifiques sont dysfonctionnels, néanmoins, ils possèdent un potentiel cytotoxique élevé et expriment des marqueurs de résidence. Nous montrons que l'inhibition de PD-1 a une double action sur les LT CD8 spécifiques. Elle rétablit leurs fonctions dans la tumeur et augmente leur prolifération dans la périphérie. De manière importante, l'infiltration des tumeurs par ces TIL spécifiques et épuisés est prédictive de la réponse à la thérapie et de la survie des patients traités par immunothérapie ciblant l'axe PD-1/PD-L1. Les LT CD4 auxiliaires sont essentiels pour l'amorçage de la réponse T CD8. En revanche, leur rôle effecteur dans la tumeur a été moins étudié. Ici, nous montrons que les LT CD4 spécifiques des Ag tumoraux, également épuisés au site tumoral, peuvent être identifiés par des marqueurs qui leur sont propres. Des similarités dans le programme d'épuisement des LT CD4 et CD8 ont été retrouvées. Le blocage de PD-1 sur les TIL CD4 rétablit leur activation, ce qui va permettre la maturation des cellules dendritiques et, par conséquent, l'augmentation de la prolifération des TIL CD8 spécifiques de la tumeur. Nos résultats révèlent que les TIL CD4 et CD8 spécifiques des Ag tumoraux épuisés peuvent être identifiés chez les patients par des marqueurs caractéristiques et qu'ils répondent à l'inhibition du PD-1 en rétablissant les fonctions des LT CD8 de manière directe et indirecte. Ces données identifient des biomarqueurs prédictifs de la réponse à l'immunothérapie et positionnent les LT spécifiques des Ag tumoraux comme des acteurs de la réponse clinique à l'immunothérapie bloquant le PD-1Exhausted tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are characterized by immune checkpoint (IC) expression, for instance PD-1. One of the major immunotherapy approaches, based on IC inhibition, has proved efficient in the control of tumor progression in many cancers. Despite this progress, only a proportion of patients experience clinical benefit. To improve responses to IC inhibitors, understanding mechanisms involved in TIL exhaustion and investigating which T cells are able to respond to immunotherapy are required. We investigated both CD8 and CD4 T-cell exhaustion and its relation to tumor antigen (Ag) specificity and to responsiveness to IC inhibition in cancer patients. We demonstrated that CD8 T-cell exhaustion at the tumor site was only attained by tumor Ag-specific cells that were characterized by the sequential acquisition of ICs and by CD28 loss. Their circulating counterparts expressed less ICs and at lower levels and were CD28+. Specific CD8 TILs were dysfunctional, nonetheless, they maintained high cytotoxic potential and expressed tissue residency markers. We showed that PD-1 inhibition has a dual effect on specific CD8 T cells. It rescued their effector functions at the tumor site and enhanced their proliferation in the periphery. Importantly, the quantity of exhausted and specific TILs was predictive of response to therapy and of survival in patients treated with PD-1-targeting immunotherapy. Assessment of CD4 TIL exhaustion underscored similarities with the CD8 exhaustion program, in particular their specificity for tumor Ag and sequential acquisition of ICs although ICs characterizing terminally exhausted CD4 TILs were different than those found in CD8 TILs. Importantly, PD-1 blockade on CD4 TILs restored their helper functions, leading to dendritic cell maturation and, consequently, increased tumor-specific CD8 T-cell proliferation. Our data imply that under anti-PD-1/PD-L1, effector functions of terminally exhausted CD8 TILs is rescued and the tumor site is replenished by memory CD8 T cells which proliferate following direct blockade of PD-1 and through reinvigoration of the helper activity of tumor Ag-specific CD4 T cells. Our results position tumor Ag-specific T cells as major players of responsiveness to PD-1-blocking immunotherapy and identify predictive biomarkers of response to immunotherapy
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Morais, Julio Terencio da Silva. "Infiltration and evaporation from a point source water application." 1986. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1986_269_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Tsai, Shih-Haur, and 蔡仕豪. "The transportation and infiltrationof non-point sources and the estimation of their loadings in spreading chicken fields." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31706294095564176182.
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碩士國立成功大學
環境工程學系碩博士班
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This study is aimed at the investigation of non-point sources (NPS) field at first.In addition,the NPS model is established by means of distributed rainfall-runoff model to simulate the water quality of rainfall-runoff,and to estimate the annual loadings in spreading chicken fields (SCF).Finally,the infiltration loading is estimated by using the nutrient balance model. With the simulation of hydrology model,this study considers the sunny day and the forward rainfall ,and involves a parameter S to represent the moist of soil before rainfall,and used this parameter to verify the parameters of hydrology model. The result shows that a single peak , large flow or long duration time have better simulation. With the simulation of water quality model,SS and COD have better simulation.However,NO3--N has simular tendency with flowrate,but only little effect from other water quality parameters.In addition, unfortunately, the concentration of dissolved N is too low to simulate. With the loadings of infiltertion, this study estimated Long-Chi SCF by preading-chicken-fields-growth-regression-model(SCFGRM) shows that the N infiltration loading is about 13%~17% for total N input.On the other hand,the P infiltration loading is about 2%~15% for total P input.The low infiltration loading results from mudstone topography at Long-Chi SCF. With the loadings of runoff,this study shows the annual unit pollutant loading as follows,SS:5.49kg/c/yr,COD:523g/c/yr,TN: 63.3g/c/yr, TP:75.6g/c/yr,NO3--N:0.45g/c/yr,PO43--P:2.9g/c/yr,NH3-N:30.4g/c/yr,Org-N:34.2g/c/yr.
Books on the topic "Point infiltration"
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Rankl, James G. A point-infiltration model for estimating runoff from rainfall on small basins in semiarid areas of Wyoming. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.
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Talisse, Robert B. Overdoing Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190924195.001.0001.
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Democracy is an extremely important social political good. Nonetheless, there is such a thing as having too much of a good thing. When we overdo democracy, we allow the categories, allegiances, and struggles of politics to overwhelm our social lives. This has the effect of undermining and crowding out many of the most important correlated social goods that democracy is meant to deliver. What’s more, in overdoing democracy, we spoil certain social goods that democracy needs in order to flourish. Thus overdoing democracy is democracy’s undoing. A thriving democracy needs citizens to reserve space in their shared social lives for collective activities and cooperative projects that are not structured by political allegiances; they must work together in social contexts where political affiliations and party loyalties are not merely suppressed, but utterly beside the point. Combining conceptual analyses of democratic legitimacy and responsible citizenship with empirical results regarding the political infiltration of social spaces and citizens’ vulnerabilities to polarization, this book provides a diagnosis of current democratic ills and a novel prescription for addressing them. Arguing that overdoing democracy is the result of certain tendencies internal to the democratic ideal itself, the book demonstrates that even in a democracy, politics must be put in its place.
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Grundy, Seamus. Pleural effusion. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0019.
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Pleural effusion is a common clinical problem which can present both to primary and secondary care. The process by which fluid accumulates can be divided into transudative or exudative. Transudative effusions occur in the presence of normal pleura and are caused by increased oncotic or hydrostatic pressures. Exudative effusions are associated with abnormal pleura and are caused either by increased pleural fluid production due to local inflammation or infiltration or by decreased fluid removal which is caused by obstruction of the lymphatic drainage system. Patients may be entirely asymptomatic or they may present with breathlessness, particularly if the effusion is large. Other symptoms include a cough and systemic symptoms such as weight loss, anorexia, and fever. Chest pain is suggestive of inflammation/infiltration of the parietal pleura and points towards malignancy or empyema. This chapter describes the assessment and diagnosis of the patient with pleural effusion.
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Spoormans, Lidwine, Wessel de Jonge, and John Stevenson-Brown, eds. ANNE LACATON: Visiting Professor 2016-2017/ Chair of Heritage & Architecture. TU Delft Bouwkunde, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.47982/bookrxiv.6.
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Anne Lacaton has been a visiting professor at the TU Delft Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment during the Fall Semester 2016-2017, hosted by the Chair of Heritage & Design. In the professional field of Heritage & Design the starting point for design is not just a functional brief and a blank sheet of paper but the challenge of an existing spatial setting and cultural-historical context. It is a dynamic and innovative field in architecture that deals with the architectural re-interpretation, adaptive reuse and restoration of historic buildings. This book reports on her workshops and studios during her time at TU Delft. It presents re-use projects at different scales, in different situations and with different programs. These projects generated reflection along with pertinent and inventive ideas that made it possible to overturn the situations in a positive manner, to change the approach and bring forth interesting solutions, a new situational intelligence and a new intelligence towards thinking about architecture and the urban situation. In these projects, what is initially seen as obsolete and as a constraint or restriction through an opening of the mind and a change in outlook and approach, becomes an opportunity, a chance and an asset. If you look at a situation without a frame or filter and with an open spirit, a building that no longer has a purpose and is a hindrance becomes a liberty. The students adhered to this specific approach: No longer looking at something existing as imperfect, constraining, obsolete, not beautiful etc., but instead as a resource, a component, a stratum/layer and a basis for creativity. The idea of drawing value from everything existing, producing richness with less money but with the greater means and parameters offered by existing situations. Extending the story to do better and more of it. A process of regeneration, extension, adaption and re-use rather than replacement. This way of seeing, thinking, projecting is not really widespread. Making new, remove and replace, restarting from the empty remains mostly the way of doing; whereas the superposition, addition, combination, overlapping, infiltration, appear accurate, contemporary, rich, innovative. Therefore, with regard to this work of the semester and to conclude the guest invitation, I think it’s important to collect and publish these ideas and positions by students and teachers involved with the semester’s work. We hope that this booklet will leave a trace and a lasting material for reflection and discussion.
Book chapters on the topic "Point infiltration"
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Rawat, Shweta, and Sanjay Kumar. "The Feasibility Study of Green Microalgae Assisted Coal Mine Effluent Desalination." In Proceedings of the Conference BioSangam 2022: Emerging Trends in Biotechnology (BIOSANGAM 2022), 255–67. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-020-6_25.
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AbstractCarbon-neutral sustainable approaches are highly demanding in the coal energy sector. Coal mine effluent disposal is a severe challenge with crucial concern issues of salinity hazard and heavy metal contamination due to long-duration water and coal interaction. The medium to the high salinity of coal mine effluent leads towards irrigation unsuitability due to the negative impact upon infiltration and permeability of nutrients from the soil to plant. Focusing on the international irrigation water quality standards given by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, most coal mine effluents are considered negatively impacting crops, soil fertility, groundwater, and aquatic life. Therefore, the current study investigates the direct cultivation suitability of Chlorella pyrenoidosa to simultaneously treat coal mine effluent for salinity removal and biomass production. Initially, C. pyrenoidosa culture adaptation in varying concentrations of coal mine effluents (25%–100%) in coal mine effluent, which are collected from two different points of coal mine named as coal mine effluent 1 (CME1) and coal mine effluent 2 (CME2). Evaluating C. pyrenoidosa growth kinetics, it was observed that the doubling time extended from 2.25 days (100% BG-11 as a medium; control) to 4.33 days (100% CME as a medium). Interestingly, the highest value for biomass production was 1.78 ± 0.12 g/ L with 25% CME 1 supplemented with essential growth nutrients; this value lies near 100% BG11 supplemented growth, 1.81 ± 0.05 g/L. In the current study, taking salinity removal as a prime concern, 100% utilization of CME-2 in place of BG-11 medium was very significant for salinity reduction from 4.80 ± 0.50 mS/cm (initial) to 0.98 ± 0.02 mS/cm (final) during 14 days batch growth. In continuation of that, the significant finding was salinity reduction of both samples (50% and 75% sample) to the level of 0.7 mS/ cm, which lies under the FAO guidelines for irrigation. Present findings also revealed an alternative to conventional processes, i.e., thermal and membrane desalination. Microalgae-assisted desalination is a novel, energy-efficient, eco-sustainable, cost-effective, and long-term operational approach. It has good potential to treat medium to sub-optimal salinity of coal mine effluent coupled with high-value biomass production.
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Schmitt, Hans-Joachim, and Dominik Irnich. "Trigger point infiltration." In Myofascial Trigger Points, 171–77. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7020-4312-3.00021-0.
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Nunnelley, Kathryn Gwenyth, and James A. Smith. "Nanotechnology for Filtration-Based Point-of-Use Water Treatment." In Waste Management, 1603–25. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1210-4.ch074.
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With significant infrastructure investments required for centralized water treatment, in home treatment technologies, known as point-of-use, have become a popular solution in the developing world. This review discusses current filtration-based point-of-use water treatment technologies in three major categories: ceramics, papers and textiles. Each of these categories has used silver for added antimicrobial effectiveness. Ceramics have had the most development and market infiltration, while filter papers are a new development. Textiles show promise for future research as a cheap, socially acceptable, and effective method. Also, a new method of silver incorporation in ceramics is explored.
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Warrick, Arthur W. "One-Dimensional Infiltration and Vertical Flow." In Soil Water Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195126051.003.0010.
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This chapter addresses one-dimensional infiltration and vertical flow problems. Traditionally, infiltration has received more attention than other unsaturated flow procedures, both for empirical formulations and for applications of Richards’ equation. Rarely is infiltration the only process of interest, and from an overall point of view it is only one example of soil water dynamics. Here, we will first emphasize systems for which analytical (or quasi-analytical) solutions can be found. These include the Green and Ampt solution (1911), which adds gravity to the simplified analysis discussed in chapter 4. Then a linearized form of Richards’ equation will be examined, followed by the perturbation of the horizontal problem of Philip leading to his famous series solution. Although the closed-form and quasi-analytical solutions are convenient for calculations and discussing the physical principles, generally, the nonlinearity of Richards’ equation precludes such convenient forms. However, numerical approximations can be used. The conventional numerical methods applied in water and solute transport are based on finite differences and finite elements. Because of its greater simplicity, we will emphasize finite differences and build on the methodology from the saturated-flow example in chapter 3. Richards’ equation is a parabolic partial differential equation reducing to an elliptical form for steady-state cases. The analyses and methods parallel developments for techniques developed primarily for the linear diffusion equation. Many texts exist for numerical methods; one to which we refer is by Smith (1985). Ideally, numerical methods give solutions that are as accurate as the input warrants or as necessary for application. In some cases, results may be easier or more accurate than the evaluation of a complex analytical expression. Clearly, infiltration is of limited duration, with drainage and redistribution occurring over much longer time frames. We will visit briefly some steady-state examples, including layered profile and upward flow from a shallow water table. Other examples include modeling plant water uptake from the profile and drainage of initially wet profiles. The rapid increase in computational power and availability of computers make solutions feasible and routine for problems that were very tedious or time consuming only a few years ago. This is particularly true of the one-dimensional numerical solutions.
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Blanchette, Jude. "Storm." In China's New Red Guards, 62—C2.P75. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197577554.003.0004.
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Abstract This chapter investigates how the March 4 conference of reform-minded officials and academics was a turning point for Utopia and the broadening coalition of leftist voices in China. For years, they had spoken of shadowy forces working on behalf of the capitalist class to influence, and eventually overthrow, the Communist Party. From this point on, Utopia, and an increasing cohort of competitors and copycats, would embrace a paranoid worldview that saw global conspiracies of Western domination, the infiltration of China and the Party by traitors and “hostile forces,” and a belief in an inevitable and unavoidable conflict with the United States. As they prepared for this coming struggle, they saw Mao Zedong as their secret weapon. The chapter then looks at the publication of Unhappy China: The Great Time, Grand Vision and Our Challenges in 2009, the success of which unnerved the Chinese government, which had long seen grassroots nationalism as a “double-edged sword.” One can imagine that the Party’s larger concern about Unhappy China was less the book itself than the part it played in an expanding populist nationalist and neo-Maoist movement.
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Zhang, Ying, Xiaomin Li, Peng Huang, Xinan Ding, and Wenxiu Zhu. "Study on the Deformation and Stability of Flood Discharge Atomized Slope." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220973.
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Flood discharge atomization is the large-scale rainfall and diffuse phenomenon in local area of downstream during hydraulic engineering flood discharge, which endangers the normal operation of hydraulic structures and stability of downstream bank slope. This paper compares the safety of the flood discharge atomized slope after 13 days’ flood discharge and 7 days’ drainage with 4 and 5 drainage tunnels respectively. The results show that the slope is stable both in the natural and rainstorm condition, and it still stable in the long-term fog and rain condition. Atomized rain infiltration, the slope displacement increase, and the maximum value appeared in the whole slope reached saturation point, and the displacement is reduced after the flood stop. Except for the slope foot, the calculation results of the two drainage tunnel design schemes have little difference, and the addition of a drainage tunnel is beneficial to suppress the water head at the slope foot, which provides the basis for the design of the slope support.
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Warrick, Arthur W. "Multidimensional Water Flow in Variably Saturated Soils." In Soil Water Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195126051.003.0011.
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Chapters 4 and 5 dealt with one-dimensional rectilinear flow, with and without the effect of gravity. Now the focus is on multidimensional flow. We will refer to two- and three-dimensional flow based on the number of Cartesian coordinates necessary to describe the problem. For this convention, a point source emitting a volume of water per unit time results in a three-dimensional problem even if it can be described with a single spherical coordinate. Similarly, a line source would be two-dimensional even if it could be described with a single radial coordinate. A problem with axial symmetry will be termed a three-dimensional problem even when only a depth and radius are needed to describe the geometry. The pressure at a point source is undefined. But more generally, three-dimensional point sources refer to flow from finite-sized sources into a larger soil domain, such as infiltration from a small surface pond into the soil. Often, the soil domain can be taken as infinite in one or more directions. Also, a point sink can occur with flow to a sump or to a suction sampler. In two dimensions, the same types of example can be given, but we will refer to them as line sources or sinks. Practical interest in point sources includes analyses of surface or subsurface leaks and of trickle (drip) irrigation. The desirability of determining soil properties in situ has provided the impetus for a rigorous analysis of disctension and borehole infiltrometers. Also, environmental monitoring with suction cups or candles, pan lysimeters, and wicking devices all include convergent or divergent flow in multidimensions. There are some conceptual differences between line and point sources and one-dimensional sources. For discussion, consider water supplied at a constant matric potential into drier surroundings. For a one-dimensional source, the corresponding physical problem includes a planar source over an area large enough for “edge” effects to be negligible. For two dimensions, the source might be a long horizontal cylinder or a furrow of finite depth from which water flows. For three dimensions, the source could be a small orifice providing water at a finite rate or a small, shallow pond on the soil surface.
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Kravarusic, Jelena, and Mark E. Molitch. "Lymphocytic hypophysitis and other inflammatory conditions of the pituitary." In Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 259–66. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.2214.
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Inflammatory lesions of the pituitary are far less common than pituitary adenomas. Although the most common of these, lymphocytic hypophysitis, is limited to the pituitary and pituitary stalk, many of the other lesions are usually part of a systemic process. Nonetheless, even these lesions, such as Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis (LCH) and sarcoidosis, sometimes present as part of disease limited to the central nervous system (CNS) and, rarely, present as isolated lesions of the hypothalamic/pituitary area. When lesions are located in the base of the hypothalamus or in the stalk, they commonly present with a combination of diabetes insipidus and hypopituitarism. In some cases, hypothalamic infiltration may be more widespread, affecting a variety of additional hypothalamic functions, such as satiety, sleep, and temperature regulation. These inflammatory lesions tend to be progressively destructive, resulting ultimately in fibrosis but the rate of progression is highly variable. When hypopituitarism or diabetes insipidus occur, they rarely recover even if the underlying process is directly treated. Thus, these lesions present more with endocrine hypofunction than with mass effects, although in early stages lymphocytic hypophysitis may well present with mass effects to the point where it can be confused with a pituitary adenoma.
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Fletcher, Tim D., Jean-Luc Bertrand-Krajewski, Jérémie Bonneau, Matthew J. Burns, Peter J. Poelsma, and Jasmine K. Thom. "Measuring the water balance in stormwater control measures." In Metrology in Urban Drainage and Stormwater Management: Plug and Pray, 105–34. IWA Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789060119_0105.
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Abstract Stormwater control measures (SCMs), also frequently referred to as sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS), are of growing importance in cities, as part of a global move towards mitigating the impacts of stormwater on receiving environments. They need to be monitored as parts of UDSM systems but require specific and sometimes innovative methods and sensors. This is particularly the case for SCMs such as swales, rain-gardens, bioretention filters, infiltration trenches, green roofs, etc., which have complex and varied configurations and hydrologic behaviour. This chapter deals with measuring the water balance in SCMs by accounting for its various components: inflows, outflows, overflows, storage, infiltration, exfiltration, intrusion, evaporation, and evapotranspiration. It presents a range of suitable methods and tools, indicates key points to consider, and discusses possible difficulties in obtaining accurate monitoring data. Routine monitoring of decentralized and diversified SCMs is still an emerging field for both researchers and practitioners. A significant evolution is therefore expected with its generalization in the next years.
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Chi Man, Kwong. "Life for Service Personnel in Cold War Hong Kong, 1946–1997." In Hongkongers in the British Armed Forces, 1860-1997, 199–231. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192845740.003.0009.
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This chapter discusses the life of soldiering in Cold War Hong Kong, discussing issues such as the source of recruitment, training, and terms of service. In particular, the issue of loyalty among the Hong Kong servicemen and the ways employed by the British to maintain it are discussed in detail. It points out that while the Hong Kong servicemen gradually achieved equality with their British colleagues, the British had always been careful in preventing the ranks of the Hong Kong servicemen from the infiltration of the Chinese Communists, Nationalists, and the triads (Chinese organised criminal gangs). The chapter then describes the experiences of the Hong Kong servicemen from the Korean War to the peacekeeping mission to Cyprus in 1993.
Conference papers on the topic "Point infiltration"
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Song, Haonan, Derek Saltzman, Jayanta Kapat, and Jihua Gou. "Processing and Characterization of Continuous Carbon Fiber Reinforced Silicon Oxycarbide Ceramic Matrix Composites." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-71934.
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Abstract There are significant challenges for materials in extreme environments for a variety of applications such as aircraft engines, gas turbines, nuclear reactors, reentry vehicles, and hypersonic structures. Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) could be ideal candidates to meet these stringent requirements for materials due to their high melting temperatures, high oxidation, corrosion and ablation resistance, low creep, and thermal cycling behavior in such extreme environments. Particularly, continuous fibers can bridge cracks in CMCs and therefore improve the strength and fracture toughness of composites. CMCs are traditionally manufactured by the melting infiltration method. With this method, the high porosity and brittle structure of fabricated CMCs are not capable of withstanding high mechanical and thermal loads. Alternatively, polymer derived ceramic composites are fabricated by incorporating carbon fibers into polymer derived ceramic matrix to achieve high fracture toughness. With the aid of protective coatings with metallic or ceramic materials, such as Nickel and boride nitride, carbon fiber could potentially withstand high temperatures without oxidation. In this study, continuous fiber reinforced silicon oxycarbide composite was manufactured with polysiloxane (PSX) resin and woven carbon fabrics through the polymer infiltration and pyrolysis process (PIP). Re-infiltration of the PSX resin into the composites, curing in an autoclave, and pyrolysis for additional 2 to 10 cycles can increase the yield of ceramics of the composites. A dense structure of the composites was observed by SEM. The EDS results showed that the elemental composition of the composites mainly consisted of carbon, silicon and oxygen. The crystalline structure of the composites was examined through XRD to indicate the degree of polymer pyrolysis to ceramics. The results of four-point bending testing of the composites showed a flexural strength of 62.17MPa, a flexural modulus of 51.30GPa, and a fracture toughness of 1.3 × 108J/m3.
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Farahani, Rouhollah Dermanaki, Hamid Dalir, Martin Le´vesque, and Daniel Therriault. "Mechanical Properties of Three-Dimensional Microstructures Infiltrated by Carbon Nanotube/Epoxy Nanocomposite Under Shear Flow." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39086.
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Three-dimensional interconnected microfluidic channels fabricated by the direct-write method were infiltrated with SWCNT/epoxy nanocomposites under high shear flow to mechanically characterize the effect of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) spatial orientation in thermosetting-matrix nanocomposites. The micron-size fugitive ink filaments were deposited layer by layer in order to form a scaffold followed by its encapsulation by an epoxy resin. Three-dimensional interconnected microfluidic channels were then obtained by heat curing the encapsulated epoxy followed by fugitive ink removal by liquefying it at high temperature under vacuum. To debundle the Laser-ablated single-walled carbon nanotubes (La-SWNTs), nitric acid treatment following introduction of protoporphyrin IX as surfactant were done to prevent reclustering of the CNTs after separation. La-SWNTs were then mixed with ultraviolet-curable epoxy using a three-roll mill machine to achieve a well-dispersed nanocomposite. The nanocomposites were then infiltrated within the empty channels at high pressures to induce shear. High shear flow infiltration of nanocomposites will cause the CNTs to be aligned in the direction of the channels where an increase in shear leads to an increase in CNT alignments. Finally, in order to mechanically investigate the effectiveness of the infiltration technique and the orientation of SWCNTs, tensile and three-point bending tests were done.
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Ueshima, H., and O. Hiroshi. "ESRA19-0071 Ultrasound-guided bilateral modified thoracolumbar interfascial plane or infiltration block for analgesia after lumbar spinal surgery: a prospective randomized open blinded end-point study." In Abstracts of the European Society of Regional Anesthesia, September 11–14, 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2019-esraabs2019.141.
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VINCI, ANTONIO, LUCA ZOLI, PIETRO GALIZIA, LAURA SILVESTRONI, CARLOS GUTIÉRREZ, SERGIO RIVERA, and DILETTA SCITI. "FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF UHTCMCS." In Thirty-sixth Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc36/35776.
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The materials currently used in aerospace and aviation, such as C/C and C/SiC composites, possess excellent mechanical properties but are limited to a maximum operational temperature of 1600°C (C/SiC) and poorly oxidizing environments (C/C). For more demanding applications, new materials able to withstand extreme temperatures without recession are required. In the framework of the C3harme project, a new class of materials labelled UHTCMCs, consisting of a UHTC matrix reinforced with carbon fibers, has been developed and characterized in order to overcome these challenges. Different fiber reinforcements and sintering parameters have been investigated from the microstructural point of view. The composites were fabricated via slurry infiltration of fiber, using a powder mixture of ZrB2 and SiC; the green pellets were then sintered via hot pressing. Extensive microstructural analysis was carried out on the sintered samples, showing how the sintering parameters and the choice of the fibers are crucial to obtain full densification without jeopardizing the fibers integrity and permit adequate load transfer.
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Faca˜o, Jorge, and Armando C. Oliveira. "Analysis of Energetic, Design and Operational Criteria When Choosing an Adequate Working Fluid for Small ORC Systems." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12420.
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Small cogeneration (CHP) systems may lead to a significant reduction of primary energy consumption and harmful emissions. Low temperature Rankine cycles, that can be assisted by solar energy, are a possible solution for producing combined electricity and useful heat. These cycles usually use an organic working fluid. This study presents an analysis of the energetic, design and operational features, that have to be taken into account when choosing an adequate working fluid for these Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC). When using renewable energies as a heat source, like solar or geothermal, the cycles may operate at temperatures between 120°C and 230°C. A system producing 5 kW of electricity was considered as a basis of comparison. Several fluids were analysed: n-dodecane, water, toluene, cyclohexane, n-pentane, HFE7100, R123, isobutane and R245fa. The organic dry fluids, with a positive slope of the saturated vapor curve in a T-s diagram, are in principle desirable for low temperature applications, simplifying turbine design. The degree to which the fluids are drying, is generally related to their molecular weight or molecular complexity. Practical issues, like thermal stability, toxicity, flammability and cost are considered. The thermodynamic cycle efficiency is also important. The saturated vapor specific volume gives an indication of condenser size, which is related to system initial cost. A super-atmospheric (>100 kPa) saturation pressure eliminates infiltration gases, which is important for operational reasons, because infiltration reduces system efficiency. The degree of superheating was optimized for maximum cycle efficiency, with a quadratic approximation method. This optimization makes it possible to decide if it is better to have saturated vapor or superheated vapor at turbine inlet, for a fixed turbine inlet temperature. For a heat source temperature of 120°C, only toluene and isobutane present a small advantage in superheating. It is difficult to find the best fluid, which has simultaneously: high cycle efficiency, low vapor specific volume at turbine outlet, super-atmospheric saturation pressure, good thermal stability, small environmental impact, small toxicity and no flame propagation. From the point of view of cycle efficiency, n-dodecane presents the best performance. However, this fluid presents the highest saturated vapor specific volume (resulting in a larger condenser) and the smallest condenser saturation pressure (resulting in infiltration of gases). The best candidates for the cycle regarding all the aspects are: toluene, cyclohexane and n-pentane. Comparing the three fluids, toluene presents the highest efficiency, the highest impact in environment and the biggest vapor specific volume. N-pentane presents the smallest cycle efficiency and smallest vapor specific volume, but is the unique fluid with super-atmospheric saturation pressure. Cyclohexane is the fluid with lowest impact in environment.
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Kachoyan, Soroush, Shaikh Nihaal, Jeffrey Oseh, Mohd Noorul Anam, Afeez Gbadamosi, Augustine Agi, and Radzuan Junin. "Enhanced Rheological and Filtration Properties of Water-Based Mud Using Iron Oxide and Polyanionic Cellulose Nanoparticles." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211924-ms.
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Abstract The unstable wellbore created by the infiltration of drilling fluids into the reservoir formation is a great challenge in drilling operations. Reducing the fluid infiltration using nanoparticles (NPs) brings about a significant improvement in drilling operation. Herein, a mixture of iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP) and polyanionic cellulose nanoparticle (nano-PAC) additives were added to water-based mud (WBM) to determine their impact on rheological and filtration properties measured at 80 °F, 100 °F, and 250 °F. Polyanionic cellulose (PAC-R) was processed into nano-PAC by wet ball-milling process. The rheological behaviour, low-pressure low-temperature (LPLT), and high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) filtration properties performance of IONP, nano-PAC, and IONP and nano-PAC mixtures were compared in the WBM. The results showed that IONP, nano-PAC, and synergy effect of IONP and nano-PAC in WBM at temperatures of 80 °F and 250 °F improved the density, 10-s and 10-min gel strength (10-s Gs and 10-min GS), plastic viscosity (PV), and the yield point (YP), while the pH was constant at 9.0. The mixture of 1.5 wt.% IONP + 0.25g nano-PAC in the WBM unveiled the most promising and optimal properties. At LPLT, the mixture improved the YP by 11% and reduced the LPLT fluid loss volume (FL) by 32.4%. At HPHT, the mud density increased by 3%, 10-s GS by 56%, 10-min GS by 52%, and the YP by 33.3%, while the HPHT FL decreased by 21%. With 1.0 g concentration at 100 °F, the nano-PAC achieved the greatest reduction in the FL of the WBM by 63%, followed by PAC-R by 57% before IONP that showed 36% reduction. Overall, the impact of IONP and nano-PAC in the WBM is evident and while the IONP showed more improved PV, the nano-PAC is more desirable for fluid loss control when 1.0 g at 100 °F was used. The use of combined IONP and nano-PAC could be beneficial for mitigating fluid loss and averting wellbore problem.
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Domnin, Dmitry, Dmitry Domnin, Boris Chubarenko, Boris Chubarenko, Rene Capell, and Rene Capell. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF NUTRIENT LOADING FROM SMALL CATCHMENTS OF THE VISTULA LAGOON." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b93dfde6248.02952871.
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Vistula Lagoon as a part of the coastal zone translates nutrient load from catchment to the Baltic Sea. Catchments of the Primorskaya River (small settlements, mostly agricultural area, 120 km2) and Banówka-Mamonovka River (transboundary catchment between Russia and Poland, relatively big settlements, food production enterprises, agricultural activity, 490 km2) were selected as test ones for the Vistula Lagoon catchment (23 870 km2). Assessment of the retention of total nitrogen and phosphorus in the catchment and the transformation of nutrient load from anthropogenic sources while passing the catchment were studied by using open source numerical modeling tools. Initial data comprises the geomorphic characteristics, river net data, information on land use and nutrient point sources, time series of temperature, precipitation. Runoff was simulated by hydrological model HYPE considering the evaporation and infiltration into the soil. Retention and transport of nutrients were accessed using the model FyrisNP. Source apportionment was made for the nutrient load discharging from both catchments to the Vistula Lagoon. The greatest amount of nutrients in final discharge is coming from the arable land (50-80%), point sources constitute a smaller proportion (5-30%). The results will be used to obtain the first order approximation of the nutrient load from other small rivers of the Vistula Lagoon catchment and from the biggest river in the area, the Pregolya River (15 300 km2) by analogy.
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Domnin, Dmitry, Dmitry Domnin, Boris Chubarenko, Boris Chubarenko, Rene Capell, and Rene Capell. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF NUTRIENT LOADING FROM SMALL CATCHMENTS OF THE VISTULA LAGOON." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b431754b7a5.
Full textAbstract:
Vistula Lagoon as a part of the coastal zone translates nutrient load from catchment to the Baltic Sea. Catchments of the Primorskaya River (small settlements, mostly agricultural area, 120 km2) and Banówka-Mamonovka River (transboundary catchment between Russia and Poland, relatively big settlements, food production enterprises, agricultural activity, 490 km2) were selected as test ones for the Vistula Lagoon catchment (23 870 km2). Assessment of the retention of total nitrogen and phosphorus in the catchment and the transformation of nutrient load from anthropogenic sources while passing the catchment were studied by using open source numerical modeling tools. Initial data comprises the geomorphic characteristics, river net data, information on land use and nutrient point sources, time series of temperature, precipitation. Runoff was simulated by hydrological model HYPE considering the evaporation and infiltration into the soil. Retention and transport of nutrients were accessed using the model FyrisNP. Source apportionment was made for the nutrient load discharging from both catchments to the Vistula Lagoon. The greatest amount of nutrients in final discharge is coming from the arable land (50-80%), point sources constitute a smaller proportion (5-30%). The results will be used to obtain the first order approximation of the nutrient load from other small rivers of the Vistula Lagoon catchment and from the biggest river in the area, the Pregolya River (15 300 km2) by analogy.
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Prior y Llombart, Jaime. "La intervención arquitectónica de 2018 en la Torre de la Sal de Cabanes (Castellón)." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11426.
Full textAbstract:
The architectural intervention of 2018 in the Salt Tower of Cabanes (Castellón)Salt Tower is a complete defensive structure located in the town of Cabanes, in Castellón, at the north of the Spanish Valencian Community: “Torre de la Sal”, a link in the long coastal defense chain. The architectural intervention has basically consisted of the external consolidation of the masonry walls, especially of two of them; the protection of water infiltration and the replacement of the extemporaneous structure of the existing balcony. Internally, all the coatings have been renewed, eliminating aggressive applications and providing it with an electrical installation. The works have been adjusted to the strictest criteria from a quality point of view and have been a consequence of the findings obtained in the research phase that have determined the final result, varying in some cases those provided for in the intervention project. The results received after the intervention are presented, waiting to proceed with the intensive excavation of the immediate surroundings of the tower, located on a powerful buried urban structure, lack of excavation and submerged in the sea.
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Green, Michael L., John F. McPhearson, and Blanca A. Ramirez. "H2 Cooled Generator Gas Monitoring System Upgrade: More Than a Dryer." In ASME 2008 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2008-60136.
Full textAbstract:
Hydrogen cooled generators have utilized dryers since 1935 to keep the generator cooling gas dry. The dryer and auxiliary skid of 2008 can do much more and can be an effective tool in managing and monitoring the generator gas system. SIPC (Southern Illinois Power Cooperative) started with the original OEM single tower dryer. Three changes in the new skids are noteworthy. The dual tower dryers we have now are automatic and provide drying continuously including turning gear operation without gas purging or venting. The dryers also continuously provide information on the gas dew point in the generator at operating pressure as well as documenting the dryer performance. The newest skid also includes a water discharge monitoring system that measures the water removed from the generator. This information has been very helpful in detecting potential problems or changes in the water infiltration rates which can be one of the earliest indicators of a serious problem. The last significant addition to the dryer skid is the purity monitoring system, which is scheduled to be installed shortly. It is fully integrated into the dryer skid and information is supplied on the operator interface of the control panel. All the pertinent information including alarms, dew points, water discharge and purity is available to the control room and can be trended on the plant DCS system. The plant experiences and benefits of the new drying skid will be fully detailed in this presentation.
Reports on the topic "Point infiltration"
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Warrick, Arthur W., Gideon Oron, Mary M. Poulton, Rony Wallach, and Alex Furman. Multi-Dimensional Infiltration and Distribution of Water of Different Qualities and Solutes Related Through Artificial Neural Networks. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7695865.bard.
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The project exploits the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to describe infiltration, water, and solute distribution in the soil during irrigation. It provides a method of simulating water and solute movement in the subsurface which, in principle, is different and has some advantages over the more common approach of numerical modeling of flow and transport equations. The five objectives were (i) Numerically develop a database for the prediction of water and solute distribution for irrigation; (ii) Develop predictive models using ANN; (iii) Develop an experimental (laboratory) database of water distribution with time; within a transparent flow cell by high resolution CCD video camera; (iv) Conduct field studies to provide basic data for developing and testing the ANN; and (v) Investigate the inclusion of water quality [salinity and organic matter (OM)] in an ANN model used for predicting infiltration and subsurface water distribution. A major accomplishment was the successful use of Moment Analysis (MA) to characterize “plumes of water” applied by various types of irrigation (including drip and gravity sources). The general idea is to describe the subsurface water patterns statistically in terms of only a few (often 3) parameters which can then be predicted by the ANN. It was shown that ellipses (in two dimensions) or ellipsoids (in three dimensions) can be depicted about the center of the plume. Any fraction of water added can be related to a ‘‘probability’’ curve relating the size of the ellipse (or ellipsoid) that contains that amount of water. The initial test of an ANN to predict the moments (and hence the water plume) was with numerically generated data for infiltration from surface and subsurface drip line and point sources in three contrasting soils. The underlying dataset consisted of 1,684,500 vectors (5 soils×5 discharge rates×3 initial conditions×1,123 nodes×20 print times) where each vector had eleven elements consisting of initial water content, hydraulic properties of the soil, flow rate, time and space coordinates. The output is an estimate of subsurface water distribution for essentially any soil property, initial condition or flow rate from a drip source. Following the formal development of the ANN, we have prepared a “user-friendly” version in a spreadsheet environment (in “Excel”). The input data are selected from appropriate values and the output is instantaneous resulting in a picture of the resulting water plume. The MA has also proven valuable, on its own merit, in the description of the flow in soil under laboratory conditions for both wettable and repellant soils. This includes non-Darcian flow examples and redistribution and well as infiltration. Field experiments were conducted in different agricultural fields and various water qualities in Israel. The obtained results will be the basis for the further ANN models development. Regions of high repellence were identified primarily under the canopy of various orchard crops, including citrus and persimmons. Also, increasing OM in the applied water lead to greater repellency. Major scientific implications are that the ANN offers an alternative to conventional flow and transport modeling and that MA is a powerful technique for describing the subsurface water distributions for normal (wettable) and repellant soil. Implications of the field measurements point to the special role of OM in affecting wettability, both from the irrigation water and from soil accumulation below canopies. Implications for agriculture are that a modified approach for drip system design should be adopted for open area crops and orchards, and taking into account the OM components both in the soil and in the applied waters.
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Russo, David, Daniel M. Tartakovsky, and Shlomo P. Neuman. Development of Predictive Tools for Contaminant Transport through Variably-Saturated Heterogeneous Composite Porous Formations. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7592658.bard.
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The vadose (unsaturated) zone forms a major hydrologic link between the ground surface and underlying aquifers. To understand properly its role in protecting groundwater from near surface sources of contamination, one must be able to analyze quantitatively water flow and contaminant transport in variably saturated subsurface environments that are highly heterogeneous, often consisting of multiple geologic units and/or high and/or low permeability inclusions. The specific objectives of this research were: (i) to develop efficient and accurate tools for probabilistic delineation of dominant geologic features comprising the vadose zone; (ii) to develop a complementary set of data analysis tools for discerning the fractal properties of hydraulic and transport parameters of highly heterogeneous vadose zone; (iii) to develop and test the associated computational methods for probabilistic analysis of flow and transport in highly heterogeneous subsurface environments; and (iv) to apply the computational framework to design an “optimal” observation network for monitoring and forecasting the fate and migration of contaminant plumes originating from agricultural activities. During the course of the project, we modified the third objective to include additional computational method, based on the notion that the heterogeneous formation can be considered as a mixture of populations of differing spatial structures. Regarding uncertainly analysis, going beyond approaches based on mean and variance of system states, we succeeded to develop probability density function (PDF) solutions enabling one to evaluate probabilities of rare events, required for probabilistic risk assessment. In addition, we developed reduced complexity models for the probabilistic forecasting of infiltration rates in heterogeneous soils during surface runoff and/or flooding events Regarding flow and transport in variably saturated, spatially heterogeneous formations associated with fine- and coarse-textured embedded soils (FTES- and CTES-formations, respectively).We succeeded to develop first-order and numerical frameworks for flow and transport in three-dimensional (3-D), variably saturated, bimodal, heterogeneous formations, with single and dual porosity, respectively. Regarding the sampling problem defined as, how many sampling points are needed, and where to locate them spatially in the horizontal x₂x₃ plane of the field. Based on our computational framework, we succeeded to develop and demonstrate a methdology that might improve considerably our ability to describe quntitaively the response of complicated 3-D flow systems. The results of the project are of theoretical and practical importance; they provided a rigorous framework to modeling water flow and solute transport in a realistic, highly heterogeneous, composite flow system with uncertain properties under-specified by data. Specifically, they: (i) enhanced fundamental understanding of the basic mechanisms of field-scale flow and transport in near-surface geological formations under realistic flow scenarios, (ii) provided a means to assess the ability of existing flow and transport models to handle realistic flow conditions, and (iii) provided a means to assess quantitatively the threats posed to groundwater by contamination from agricultural sources.
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A point-infiltration model for estimating runoff from rainfall on small basins in semiarid areas of Wyoming. US Geological Survey, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wsp2366.
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