To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: PNG.
Journal articles on the topic 'PNG'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'PNG.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Kumar, Rajkishore, J. M. Patel, S. L. Pawar, Narendra Singh, and R. G. Patil. "Land characterization and soil-site suitability- evaluation of banana growing areas of South Gujarat, India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 1962–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i4.1474.
Full textAbstract:
An investigation was carried out to evaluate the soil-site suitability and land characterization in some banana growing soils of South Gujarat. The soil belongs to Vertisols, Inceptisols and Enitisols soil order. Banana growing soil (Pedon-1) of Narmada district have ochric epipedon whereas, pedon 2, 3, 4,5, 6 and 9 are placed in order Inceptisols owing to ochric epipedon followed by cambic horizon (changes in colour, structure and texture). The presence of smectite mineralogy class, hyperthermic soil moisture regime and more than 30 per cent clay (but less than 60 per cent), pedon 7 and 8 classified as Inceptisols. In respect of land characteristics, The cumulative rating index of Jhagadia (PN2), Bardoli (PN5) and Palsana (P6) coming under highly sustainable (S2). Whereas, rest of the pedon i.e., Narmada (P1), Bharuch (PN3), Kamrej (PN4) Navsari (PN7), Jalalpore (PN8) and Valsad (PN9) are sustainable under high input (S3). Considering the soil-site suitability criteria, Bharuch (PN3), Palsana (PN6) and Jalalpore (PN8) are identified as highly suitable talukas for banana cultivation. While the Narmada (PN1), Jhagadia (PN2), Kamrej (PN4), Bardoli (PN5), Navsari (PN7) and Valsad (PN9) were categorized in moderately suitable class (S2). The suitability class can be improved if the correctable limitations (soil fertility characteristics) are altered through soil amelioration measures.
2
Silva, Edson Lindolfo da, José Humberto Vilar da Silva, José Jordão Filho, and Marcelo Luís Gomes Ribeiro. "Efeito do plano de nutrição sobre o rendimento de carcaça de codornas tipo carne." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 31, no. 2 (April 2007): 514–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542007000200036.
Full textAbstract:
Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do plano de nutrição (PN) e do sexo (S) sobre rendimento de carcaça de codornas utilizou-se 576 codornas, distribuídas num delineamento inteiramente ao acaso em arranjo fatorial 9 X 2 (PN X S), que resultaram em 18 tratamentos com quatro repetições de oito aves. Os PN foram avaliados de 1 a 21 e de 22 a 42 dias de idade: PN1 = 28% PB, 1,5% de lisina (L) e 1,1% de metionina+cistina (MC), e 24% de PB, 1,3% L e 0,9% MC; PN2 = 25,2% PB, 1,23% L e 0,83% MC, e 21,6% PB, 1,0% L e 0,74% MC; PN3= 22,4% PB, 1,2% L e 0,71% MC, e 19,2% PB, 0,95% L, 0,64% MC; PN4 = PN2+L; PN5 = PN3+L; PN6 = PN2+MC; PN7 = PN3+MC; PN8 = PN2+L+MC e PN9 = PN3+L+MC. As suplementações com fontes industriais de Lys e Met+Cys foram realizadas para garantir níveis semelhantes destes aminoácidos nas dietas em que a proteína foi reduzida (do PN4 até o PN9). Houve interações do PN com o sexo para o peso vivo, peso de carcaça, peito e pernas. Para a fase de 1 a 21 recomendam-se 22,4% de PB, 1,2% de lisina e 1,1% de aminoácidos sulfurosos (AAS), e de 22 a 42 sugerem-se 19,2% de PB, 0,95% de lisina e 0,9% de AAS.
3
Silva, Edson Lindolfo da, José Humberto Vilar da Silva, José Jordão Filho, Marcelo Luís Gomes Ribeiro, Fernando Guilherme Perazzo Costa, and Paulo Borges Rodrigues. "Redução dos níveis de proteína e suplementação aminoacídica em rações para codornas européias (Coturnix coturnix coturnix)." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 35, no. 3 (June 2006): 822–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982006000300027.
Full textAbstract:
O experimento foi realizado objetivando-se avaliar o efeito de nove planos de nutrição (PN) sobre o desempenho de um lote misto de 576 codornas, distribuído em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com nove tratamentos e quatro repetições de 16 aves. Nas fases de 1 a 21 dias de idade, os PN foram: PN1 = 28% de proteína bruta (PB), 1,5% lisina (L) e 1,1% de metionina+cistina (MC) de 1 a 21 dias e 24%PB, 1,3%L e 0,9%MC de 22 a 42 dias (controle); PN2 = 25,2% PB, 1,23% L e 0,83% MC de 1 a 21 dias e de 21,6% PB, 1,0% L e 0,74% MC de 22 a 42 dias; PN3 = 22,4% PB, 0,71% MC de 1 a 21 dias e 1,2% L e 19,2% PB, 0,64% MC e 0,95% L de 22 a 42 dias; PN4 = PN2+L; PN5 = PN3+L; PN6 = PN2+MC; PN7 = PN3+MC; PN8 = PN2+L+MC; e PN9 = PN3+L+MC. A suplementação da ração do PN4 ao PN9 com L, MC ou L+MC foi realizada para proporcionar valores de L e de MC semelhantes aos do PN1. As rações nas duas fases continham 2.900 kcal EM/kg e, como a água, foram oferecidas à vontade. Na fase de 1 a 21 dias, a redução da proteína de 28 para 22,4% reduziu o consumo, o peso vivo e o ganho de peso, mas não afetou a conversão alimentar. A suplementação da dieta com MC melhorou o desempenho das aves. O uso do nível de L recomendado (1,5%) em ração deficiente em PB (19,2%) e em MC (0,71%) afetou negativamente o crescimento de codornas de 1 a 21 dias de idade. Ao contrário, o atendimento da exigência em MC permitiu a redução da PB de 28 para 22,4% e de 24 para 19,2%, respectivamente, de 1 a 21 e de 22 a 42 dias, independentemente da suplementação de lisina.
4
NISHIOKA, Yoshiharu, and Juri NAGATSU. "PNG Elevation Tile." Geoinformatics 26, no. 4 (2015): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.6010/geoinformatics.26.4.155.
Full text
5
KRIKKEN, J., and J. HUIJBREGTS. "New Guinea Onthophagus: taxonomy of ten small, unicolored new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)." Zootaxa 3619, no. 5 (March 4, 2013): 501–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3619.5.1.
Full textAbstract:
The taxonomy of small, unicolor brown to black Papuasian species of the genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is discussed. Two multi-species groups are defined in the nominotypical subgenus Onthophagus, one with broad and one with narrow dorsal eye foramina (O. acerus and O. kokodentatus groups, respectively). Twelve species are listed, keyed, and diagnosed. Ten of these are new species from Papua New Guinea (PNG) and West New Guinea (WNG, Indonesia), here described in the Onthophagus acerus group: O. aceroides (WNG), O. baiyericus (PNG), O. bituberoculus (WNG), O. daymanus (PNG), O. kokocellosus (PNG), O. kokopygus (PNG); in the Onthophagus kokodentatus group: O. dissidentatus (PNG), O. kokodentatus (PNG), O. kukali (PNG); and an ungrouped new species: Onthophagus ofianus (PNG). Two previously named species, O. acer Gillet, 1930 and O. mimikanus Balthasar, 1969, are briefly diagnosed and discussed.
6
Stoneking, M., L. B. Jorde, K. Bhatia, and A. C. Wilson. "Geographic variation in human mitochondrial DNA from Papua New Guinea." Genetics 124, no. 3 (March 1, 1990): 717–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/124.3.717.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract High resolution mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction maps, consisting of an average of 370 sites per mtDNA map, were constructed for 119 people from 25 localities in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Comparison of these PNG restriction maps to published maps from Australian, Caucasian, Asian and African mtDNAs reveals that PNG has the lowest amount of mtDNA variation, and that PNG mtDNA lineages originated from Southeast Asia. The statistical significance of geographic structuring of populations with respect to mtDNA was assessed by comparing observed GST values to a distribution of GST values generated by random resampling of the data. These analyses show that there is significant structuring of mtDNA variation among worldwide populations, between highland and coastal PNG populations, and even between two highland PNG populations located approximately 200 km apart. However, coastal PNG populations are essentially panmictic, despite being spread over several hundred kilometers. Highland PNG populations also have more mtDNA variability and more mtDNA types represented per founding lineage than coastal PNG populations. All of these observations are consistent with a more ancient, restricted origin of highland PNG populations, internal isolation of highland PNG populations from one another and from coastal populations, and more recent and extensive population movements through coastal PNG. An apparent linguistic effect on PNG mtDNA variation disappeared when geography was taken into account. The high resolution technique for examining mtDNA variation, coupled with extensive geographic sampling within a single defined area, leads to an enhanced understanding of the influence of geography on mtDNA variation in human populations.
7
Lee, Laura A., Lisa K. Elfring, Giovanni Bosco, and Terry L. Orr-Weaver. "A Genetic Screen for Suppressors and Enhancers of the Drosophila PAN GU Cell Cycle Kinase Identifies Cyclin B as a Target." Genetics 158, no. 4 (August 1, 2001): 1545–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/158.4.1545.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The early cell cycles of Drosophila embryogenesis involve rapid oscillations between S phase and mitosis. These unique S-M cycles are driven by maternal stockpiles of components necessary for DNA replication and mitosis. Three genes, pan gu (png), plutonium (plu), and giant nuclei (gnu) are required to control the cell cycle specifically at the onset of Drosophila development by inhibiting DNA replication and promoting mitosis. PNG is a protein kinase that is in a complex with PLU. We employed a sensitized png mutant phenotype to screen for genes that when reduced in dosage would dominantly suppress or enhance png. We screened deficiencies covering over 50% of the autosomes and identified both enhancers and suppressors. Mutations in eIF-5A and PP1 87B dominantly suppress png. Cyclin B was shown to be a key PNG target. Mutations in cyclin B dominantly enhance png, whereas png is suppressed by cyclin B overexpression. Suppression occurs via restoration of Cyclin B protein levels that are decreased in png mutants. The plu and gnu phenotypes are also suppressed by cyclin B overexpression. These studies demonstrate that a crucial function of PNG in controlling the cell cycle is to permit the accumulation of adequate levels of Cyclin B protein.
8
Montejo-Alvaro, Fernando, Jesus A. Martínez-Espinosa, Hugo Rojas-Chávez, Diana C. Navarro-Ibarra, Heriberto Cruz-Martínez, and Dora I. Medina. "CO2 Adsorption over 3d Transition-Metal Nanoclusters Supported on Pyridinic N3-Doped Graphene: A DFT Investigation." Materials 15, no. 17 (September 4, 2022): 6136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15176136.
Full textAbstract:
CO2 adsorption on bare 3d transition-metal nanoclusters and 3d transition-metal nanoclusters supported on pyridinic N3-doped graphene (PNG) was investigated by employing the density functional theory. First, the interaction of Co13 and Cu13 with PNG was analyzed by spin densities, interaction energies, charge transfers, and HUMO-LUMO gaps. According to the interaction energies, the Co13 nanocluster was adsorbed more efficiently than Cu13 on the PNG. The charge transfer indicated that the Co13 nanocluster donated more charges to the PNG nanoflake than the Cu13 nanocluster. The HUMO-LUMO gap calculations showed that the PNG improved the chemical reactivity of both Co13 and Cu13 nanoclusters. When the CO2 was adsorbed on the bare 3d transition-metal nanoclusters and 3d transition-metal nanoclusters supported on the PNG, it experienced a bond elongation and angle bending in both systems. In addition, the charge transfer from the nanoclusters to the CO2 molecule was observed. This study proved that Co13/PNG and Cu13/PNG composites are adequate candidates for CO2 adsorption and activation.
9
Williams, Ged, Rose Jaspers, Veronica Wohuinangu, Svatka Micik, and Adrian De Luca. "Critical Care Nursing in Papua New Guinea." Connect: The World of Critical Care Nursing 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/wfccn-d-20-00011.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectiveTo explore and understand the current context of critical care nursing in Papua New Guinea (PNG).MethodA three day fact finding mission and consulation process with leaders of critical care and health services in PNG.ResultsAlthough challenged by limited resources and healthcare infrastructure there is a determination among local health care providers to growth and improve the provision of critical care services from the major hospitals of PNG. The PNG Critical Care Nurses Society (PNG CCNS) was officially formed in March 2020, providing hope and optimism for a renewed emphasis on this important speciality in PNG.ConclusionThe authors and the PNG CCNS recommend the establishment of active and supportive partnerships with other critical care leaders of the world to help guide future developments in PNG.
10
Hasegawa, Takuya, Kentaro Ando, and Hideharu Sasaki. "Cold Water Flow and Upper-Ocean Currents in the Bismarck Sea from December 2001 to January 2002." Journal of Physical Oceanography 41, no. 4 (April 1, 2011): 827–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jpo4421.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The authors investigated the upper-ocean currents in the Bismarck Sea and related oceanic thermal changes in the western equatorial South Pacific for December 2001–January 2002; during this period, coastal upwelling occurred along the Papua New Guinea (PNG) coast. Southeastward and northwestward coastal currents toward the central PNG coast appeared along northern and southern PNG, respectively. In addition, westward currents extended toward central PNG in the southern part of the Bismarck Sea. A northeastward outflow toward the equator from the PNG coastal area, which is compensated for by such flows, was also found. Volume budget analysis in the upper ocean showed that, during the analysis period, the northeastward outflow ranged from +1.0 to +2.0 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1). This northeastward outflow brought relatively cool coastal water, which is related to PNG coastal upwelling, to the western equatorial South Pacific near PNG during this period. In addition, the upper-ocean temperature in this region showed a cooling tendency in line with a negative heat transport from the PNG coastal region. The present results indicate that northeastward transport of the cold water is related to the complicated upper-ocean currents in the Bismarck Sea and may have strongly affected the upper-ocean thermal change in the western equatorial Pacific near PNG for December 2001–January 2002.
11
Talao, Freda. "Papua New Guinea: Country Report on Human Rights." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 40, no. 1 (June 1, 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v40i1.5375.
Full textAbstract:
This article provides an overview of Papua New Guinea (PNG)'s status on human rights. The author explores the human rights treaties that PNG has ratified, the available legal and administrative remedies for human rights breaches, the principle of the rule of law in PNG, and the culture and language of PNG. It is concluded that PNG has not made much progress in advancing or protecting the rights of its people, and must support all initiatives to educate people on their rights as a strategy to ensure that the people are not left continuously ignorant of human rights issues.
12
HALL, PETER DUNBAR. "MODERN PNG MUSIC." Perfect Beat 2, no. 2 (October 7, 2015): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/prbt.v2i2.28791.
Full text
13
Hoekwater, Taco. "MetaPost: PNG Output." Zpravodaj Československého sdružení uživatelů TeXu 27, no. 1-2 (2017): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5300/2017-1-2/98.
Full text
14
Stevenson, Daniel E. "PNG palette permuter." ACM SIGCSE Bulletin 38, no. 3 (September 26, 2006): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1140123.1140164.
Full text
15
Franklin, Scott B., Michael Scheibout, and Jozef Šibik. "Vegetation Classification Exercise for the Pawnee National Grasslands, USA." Vegetation Classification and Survey 1 (November 16, 2020): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vcs/2020/38629.
Full textAbstract:
Aims: Vegetation classifications are useful for a variety of management purposes as well as scientific exploration. Local classifications are common throughout the United States but only recently have been integrated into a national classification system, which is now expected for local classifications. Study Area: The Pawnee National Grasslands (PNG) in northeastern Colorado, USA, has not been classified using plot data, and is thus a gap on the baseline knowledge of the PNG plant communities that hinders impact assessment of various anthropogenic activities. Methods: Here, we use 128 plots to classify the vegetation of the PNG using a two-step process: first, classifying the PNG plots alone to characterize local uniqueness, and then employing a semi-supervised classification with an additional 64 plots from areas to the north and east of the PNG, using standard classification procedures. Results: We document on the PNG the occurrence of two Classes, three Subclasses, four Formations, five Divisions, six Macrogroups, seven Groups and eight Alliances and Associations already described in the USNVC. Conclusions: The PNG is dominated by the Bouteloua gracilis-Buchloe dactyloides Grassland Association, which we further subdivide and describe as three local subassociations. The mixed-grass concepts in the USNVC do not exist in the PNG. Taxonomic reference: Hazlett (1998). Syntaxonomic reference: USNVC (2016). Abbreviations: BLM = Bureau of Land Management; CPER = Central Plains Experimental Range; ESA = Ecological Society of America; EST = Ecological Site Type; GPS UTM = Global Positioning System Universal Transverse Mercator; NEON = National Ecological Observatory Network; PNG = Pawnee National Grasslands; USNVC = United States Vegetation Classification.
16
Montejo-Alvaro, Fernando, Diego González-Quijano, Jorge A. Valmont-Pineda, Hugo Rojas-Chávez, José M. Juárez-García, Dora I. Medina, and Heriberto Cruz-Martínez. "CO2 Adsorption on PtCu Sub-Nanoclusters Deposited on Pyridinic N-Doped Graphene: A DFT Investigation." Materials 14, no. 24 (December 10, 2021): 7619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14247619.
Full textAbstract:
To reduce the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, its conversion to different value-added chemicals plays a very important role. Nevertheless, the stable nature of this molecule limits its conversion. Therefore, the design of highly efficient and selective catalysts for the conversion of CO2 to value-added chemicals is required. Hence, in this work, the CO2 adsorption on Pt4-xCux (x = 0–4) sub-nanoclusters deposited on pyridinic N-doped graphene (PNG) was studied using the density functional theory. First, the stability of Pt4-xCux (x = 0–4) sub-nanoclusters supported on PNG was analyzed. Subsequently, the CO2 adsorption on Pt4-xCux (x = 0–4) sub-nanoclusters deposited on PNG was computed. According to the binding energies of the Pt4-xCux (x = 0–4) sub-nanoclusters on PNG, it was observed that PNG is a good material to stabilize the Pt4-xCux (x = 0–4) sub-nanoclusters. In addition, charge transfer occurred from Pt4-xCux (x = 0–4) sub-nanoclusters to the PNG. When the CO2 molecule was adsorbed on the Pt4-xCux (x = 0–4) sub-nanoclusters supported on the PNG, the CO2 underwent a bond length elongation and variations in what bending angle is concerned. In addition, the charge transfer from Pt4-xCux (x = 0–4) sub-nanoclusters supported on PNG to the CO2 molecule was observed, which suggests the activation of the CO2 molecule. These results proved that Pt4-xCux (x = 0–4) sub-nanoclusters supported on PNG are adequate candidates for CO2 adsorption and activation.
17
Nou, Garry G., Sean T. Casey, and B. Priya L. T. Balasubramaniam. "Establishing a National Emergency Medical Team (EMT) in Papua New Guinea (PNG)." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 37, S2 (November 2022): s59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x22001583.
Full textAbstract:
Background/Introduction:Papua New Guinea (PNG) is a Pacific nation of over nine million. It is one of the world’s most diverse nations, with over 800 languages and geographic diversity that includes both tropical islands and highland mountains. Located on the Pacific “ring of fire,” PNG is regularly struck by disasters and outbreaks. The COVID-19 pandemic triggered multiple deployments of international EMTs to PNG, which were coordinated through a national EMT Coordination Cell. To strengthen rapid, national response to future emergencies, the PNG Government through its National Department of Health is now developing the “PNG EMT.”Objectives:To describe the development of the PNG EMT.Method/Description:PNG’s national EMT development was inspired by multiple international EMT deployments, including the 2018 Highlands earthquake and multiple COVID-19 deployments. With support from WHO, PNG’s National Department of Health led EMT coordination efforts in those responses, and recognized the need for similar capabilities to be developed for national response.Results/Outcomes:To develop the PNG EMT, a focal point was appointed, a national technical working group was formed, and SOPs have been drafted with support from WHO and partners. In consultation with PNG and other Pacific EMTs, WHO is procuring a tailored Pacific EMT cache, including items specifically selected for PNG’s diverse geographic and climactic environments. PNG plans to train team members and be ready for self-sufficient national deployments by late 2022.Conclusion:PNG is strengthening readiness for future emergencies by developing a national EMT capable of rapid response to challenging and austere post-disaster environments.
18
Gilbert, C. S., and R. T. Parmley. "Morphometric granule analysis of the human neutrophil in a patient with Chediak-Higashi syndrome." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 246–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100085538.
Full textAbstract:
The neutrophils of Chediak-Higashi Syndrome (CHS) have a characteristic giant abnormal peroxidase-positive granule (PPG). This giant PPG has been thought to be the product of the fusion of all or part of the primary (azurophil) or PPG population with or without involvement of the secondary (specific) granules which are peroxidase-negative (PNG). Immunocytochemical studies have shown that the giant PPG contains lactoferrin a marker for the PNG, whereas biochemical studies of isolated CHS granules failed to localize PNG markers to the giant PPG band or show PNG depletion. Ultrastructural studies failed to show PNG depletion and considered PNG fusion to be rare. This study was undertaken to evaluate CHS neutrophil granules niorphometrically. Human peripheral blood neutrophils were collected from a male patient with CHS in heparin and fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde as a cell suspension and minced buffy coat. The cell suspension was stained for myeloperoxidase using 3,3'- diaminobenzidine (DAB) as substrate.
19
Foster, J’Belle, Diana Mendez, Ben J. Marais, Justin T. Denholm, Dunstan Peniyamina, and Emma S. McBryde. "Critical Consideration of Tuberculosis Management of Papua New Guinea Nationals and Cross-Border Health Issues in the Remote Torres Strait Islands, Australia." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 7, no. 9 (September 19, 2022): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7090251.
Full textAbstract:
The international border between Australia and Papua New Guinea (PNG) serves as a gateway for the delivery of primary and tertiary healthcare for PNG patients presenting to Australian health facilities with presumptive tuberculosis (TB). An audit of all PNG nationals with presumptive TB who presented to clinics in the Torres Strait between 2016 and 2019 was conducted to evaluate outcomes for PNG patients and to consider the consistency and equity of decision-making regarding aeromedical evacuation. We also reviewed the current aeromedical retrieval policy and the outcomes of patients referred back to Daru General Hospital in PNG. During the study period, 213 PNG nationals presented with presumptive TB to primary health centres (PHC) in the Torres Strait. In total, 44 (21%) patients were medically evacuated to Australian hospitals; 26 met the evacuation criteria of whom 3 died, and 18 did not meet the criteria of whom 1 died. A further 22 patients who met the medical evacuation criteria into Australia were referred to Daru General Hospital of whom 2 died and 10 were lost to follow-up. The cross-border movement of people from PNG into Australia is associated with an emergent duty of care. Ongoing monitoring and evaluation of patient outcomes are necessary for transparency and justice.
20
High, Simon. "Delivering upstream gas developments in Papua New Guinea—challenges and lessons learned." APPEA Journal 50, no. 2 (2010): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj09086.
Full textAbstract:
PNG is a unique environment and culture that presents some intriguing risks and challenges in project delivery. Clough has delivered 68 projects in PNG over the past 26 years and is recognised as one of the most experienced contractors in the region. The company has been involved in all major PNG upstream gas developments including Hides, Kutubu, Moran and Gobe. Clough is currently delivering the upstream infrastructure for ExxonMobil’s US$11 billion PNG LNG project. This paper will use case studies from Clough’s 26-years of experience in PNG to review the key challenges and define strategies used to overcome these challenges in order to deliver PNG’s largest ever resource project. Key challenges include: Logistics—most of the gas reserves in PNG are difficult to access and located at very high elevations. For example, the Hides wellpads for PNG LNG are located approximately 2,700 m above sea level and accessed by a rough and dangerous road. Security—overcoming security risks including community unrest and the existence of armed bandits on key supply routes.Landowner issues—how to work with PNG’s local communities to ensure they are happy with project outcomes to reduce landowner issues. Training local labour—equipping the local workforce with the skills required to deliver the project to Australian standards, which provides life changing skills for the local community. Key to Clough’s continued success in PNG has been its ability to effectively capture lessons learned on all completed projects and apply this knowledge to improve future project outcomes. Critical lessons will be communicated during this presentation.
21
Fenger, D. D., J. L. Carminati, D. L. Burney-Sigman, H. Kashevsky, J. L. Dines, L. K. Elfring, and T. L. Orr-Weaver. "PAN GU: a protein kinase that inhibits S phase and promotes mitosis in early Drosophila development." Development 127, no. 22 (November 15, 2000): 4763–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.22.4763.
Full textAbstract:
Following completion of meiosis, DNA replication must be repressed until fertilization. In Drosophila, this replication block requires the products of the pan gu (png), plutonium (plu) and giant nuclei (gnu) genes. These genes also ensure that S phase oscillates with mitosis in the early division cycles of the embryo. We have identified the png gene and shown that it encodes a Ser/Thr protein kinase expressed only in ovaries and early embryos, and that the predicted extent of kinase activity in png mutants inversely correlates with the severity of the mutant phenotypes. The PLU and PNG proteins form a complex that has PNG-dependent kinase activity, and this activity is necessary for normal levels of mitotic cyclins. Our results reveal a novel protein kinase complex that controls S phase at the onset of development apparently by stabilizing mitotic cyclins.
22
Cheng, Chang Jing, Rui Xie, Xiao Jie Ju, and Liang Yin Chu. "Preparation of Monodisperse Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) Microgels with β-Cyclodextrin Moieties." Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (August 2011): 2269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.2269.
Full textAbstract:
Submicron-sized monodisperse and spherical poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-glycidyl methacrylate)-β-cyclodextrin (PNG-CD) microgels with both thermo-responsive and molecular-recognition characteristics have been successfully fabricated via soap-free emulsion polymerization and subsequent chemical modification method. The thermo-responsivity of the microgels is based on the volume phase transition of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and the molecular-recognition property is based on the host-guest inclusion complexation of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) units with specific guest molecules. The as-prepared microgels are characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) instrument. When β-CD is introduced onto the PNG-CD microgels, the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) of resultant PNG-CD microgels shifts about 6 °C to a higher temperature in comparison with that of corresponding PNG microgels. When the β-CD units in PNG-CD microgels recognize 8-anilino-1-naphthal-enesulfonic acid ammonium salt (ANS) molecules in aqueous solution, the VPTT of PNG-CD microgels shifts around 3 °C negatively to a lower temperature. PNG-CD microgels present molecular-recognition induced swelling characteristics at fixed temperature. The results in this study provide valuable information for development of monodisperse and spherical dual thermo-responsive and molecular-recognition microgels which have potential applications in the fields of microscale molecular sensors and actuators and so on.
23
Jung, Gabriel, Dionysios Karagiannis, Michele Liguori, Marco Baldi, William R. Coulton, Drew Jamieson, Licia Verde, Francisco Villaescusa-Navarro, and Benjamin D. Wandelt. "Quijote-PNG: Quasi-maximum Likelihood Estimation of Primordial Non-Gaussianity in the Nonlinear Dark Matter Density Field." Astrophysical Journal 940, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac9837.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Future large-scale structure surveys are expected to improve current bounds on primordial non-Gaussianity (PNG), with a significant impact on our understanding of early universe physics. The level of such improvements will however strongly depend on the extent to which late-time nonlinearities erase the PNG signal on small scales. In this work, we show how much primordial information remains in the bispectrum of the nonlinear dark matter density field by implementing a new, simulation-based methodology for joint estimation of PNG amplitudes (f NL) and standard Lambda cold dark matter parameters. The estimator is based on optimally compressed statistics, which, for a given input density field, combine power spectrum and modal bispectrum measurements, and numerically evaluate their covariance and their response to changes in cosmological parameters. In this first analysis, we focus on the matter density field, and we train and validate the estimator using a large suite of N-body simulations (Quijote-png), including different types of PNG (local, equilateral, orthogonal). We explicitly test the estimator’s unbiasedness, optimality, and stability with respect to changes in the total number of input realizations. While the dark matter power spectrum itself contains negligible PNG information, as expected, including it as an ancillary statistic increases the PNG information content extracted from the bispectrum by a factor of order 2. As a result, we prove the capability of our approach to optimally extract PNG information on nonlinear scales beyond the perturbative regime, up to k max = 0.5 h Mpc − 1 . At the same time, we discuss the significant information on cosmological parameters contained on these scales.
24
Lovo, Rena, Eric Gilder, Ora Renagi, and Dapsy Olatona. "Renewable Energy Technologies as “Saving Graces” for Pacific Island Nations Fighting Climate Change." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 25, no. 3 (June 1, 2019): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2019-0127.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In this study, the authors carried out a detailed analysis of the technologies required for successful implementation of a sustainable renewable energy household power supply in Papua New Guinea or PNG (PNG is a Pacific Island nation, North of Australia) to free the country from fossil fuel dependency. The role of renewable energy sources in the recent PNG National Energy Policy covering 2018 to 2050 (unveiled at the 2018 March Energy Summit in Port Moresby by the PNG Minister of Energy) was also analysed. From the outcome of our recently concluded SERI 2018 Renewable Energy conference, we assembled into a single hypothetical ‘energy basket’ all the varied renewable ‘green’ energy sources within PNG (as estimated by our energy research groups). This paper estimates that there is sufficient renewable energy in PNG and advocates that these available green energy sources should be tapped, for they can go a long way in the quest for climate change mitigation. This research paper will articulate that shifting PNG’s and other Pacific Island nations’ energy reliance from fossil fuels and other non-renewable sources to renewable green and environmentally sustainable sources is not only achievable, but feasible within a reasonable time.
25
Hapsari, Windy. "PELINTAS BATAS PAPUA NEW GUINEA DI KAMPUNG SOTA, MERAUKE." Walasuji : Jurnal Sejarah dan Budaya 7, no. 1 (June 18, 2020): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36869/wjsb.v7i1.100.
Full textAbstract:
Provinsi Papua menjadi wilayah Indonesia yang berbatasan dengan negara Papua New Guinea. Diantara lima perbatasan RI-PNG yang ada di Papua, salah satunya ada di Kampung Sota Distrik Merauke. Berbeda dengan wilayah perbatasan lain di Indonesia, Kampung Sota justru menjadi tujuan para pelintas batas dari PNG.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan profil pelintas batas PNG dan faktor-faktor pendorong serta tujuan para pelintas batas PNG ke Kampung Sota di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa pengamatan, wawancara, perekaman, dokumentasi, dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelintas batas PNG datang ke Kampung Sota Indonesia bertujuan untuk kunjungan sosial budaya, ekonomi, kunjungan kesehatan dan menempuh pendidikan. Selain itu, didorong oleh faktor persamaan mitologi dan asal-usul dan minimnya sarana dan prasana umum di kampung mereka. Hasil tulisan ini diharapkan dapat menambah wawasan dan kajian mengenai masyarakat perbatasan, terutama di wilayah perbatasan RI-PNG di Provinsi Papua.
26
Harris, Hannah. "Corruption and the forestry industry in Papua New Guinea: transnational actors, local dynamics and environmental impact." Asia Pacific Journal of Environmental Law 22, no. 1 (May 2019): 48–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/apjel.2019.01.03.
Full textAbstract:
Corruption and environmental degradation are interrelated challenges. In Papua New Guinea (PNG), the relationship between corruption and the environment can be seen in the continuing corruption that exists in the country's forestry industry. The article focuses on key actors, values and interests across geographic and institutional spheres who contribute to corrupt incentives in PNG. The PNG government, foreign corporations, customary land owners, NGOs, multilateral organizations, even foreign governments and consumers; all play a role in the PNG context. These actors and their motives must be understood and harnessed to reduce corruption and improve environmental outcomes in PNG. To balance power dynamics and incentives among these actors requires the use of multiple legal and political tools: political pressure, international law, domestic legislation, aid and technical assistance, education and enforcement of existing legal frameworks are all components of the solution. The concept of an experimentalist governance framework for environmental protection is valuable in this context, due to its fluidity, responsiveness and adaptability in complex environments with multiple stakeholders.
27
Michie, Alice, John S. Mackenzie, David W. Smith, and Allison Imrie. "Genome Sequence Analysis of First Ross River Virus Isolate from Papua New Guinea Indicates Long-Term, Local Evolution." Viruses 13, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13030482.
Full textAbstract:
Ross River virus (RRV) is the most medically significant mosquito-borne virus of Australia, in terms of human morbidity. RRV cases, characterised by febrile illness and potentially persistent arthralgia, have been reported from all Australian states and territories. RRV was the cause of a large-scale epidemic of multiple Pacific Island countries and territories (PICTs) from 1979 to 1980, involving at least 50,000 cases. Historical evidence of RRV seropositivity beyond Australia, in populations of Papua New Guinea (PNG), Indonesia and the Solomon Islands, has been documented. We describe the genomic characterisation and timescale analysis of the first isolate of RRV to be sampled from PNG to date. Our analysis indicates that RRV has evolved locally within PNG, independent of Australian lineages, over an approximate 40 year period. The mean time to most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of the unique PNG clade coincides with the initiation of the PICTs epidemic in mid-1979. This may indicate that an ancestral variant of the PNG clade was seeded into the region during the epidemic, a period of high RRV transmission. Further epidemiological and molecular-based surveillance is required in PNG to better understand the molecular epidemiology of RRV in the general Australasian region.
28
Miklouho-Maclay, Niсkolay. "Overview of the Economic and Political Situation of Papua New Guinea during the COVID-19 Period." South East Asia Actual problems of Development, no. 3 (52) (2021): 203–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2021-3-3-52-203-219.
Full textAbstract:
The article reviews the internal and external political activities of the Government of Papua New Guinea (PNG) and the Prime Minister J. Marape during the COVID-19 pandemic. The prospects for the development of PNG and the Government's measures to improve the investment attractiveness of the country from 2018 to 2021 are analyzed; the key major projects in PNG are presented as well as the relations between Papua New Guinea and Russia.
29
Pusty, Manojit, and Parasharam M. Shirage. "Gold nanoparticle–cellulose/PDMS nanocomposite: a flexible dielectric material for harvesting mechanical energy." RSC Advances 10, no. 17 (2020): 10097–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra10811d.
Full text
30
Radcliffe, Chris, Cesidio Parissi, and Anantanarayanan Raman. "Valuing Indigenous Knowledge in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea: A Model for Agricultural and Environmental Education." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 32, no. 3 (September 9, 2016): 243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aee.2016.19.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractCurrent methods of agricultural and environmental education for indigenous farmers in Papua New Guinea (PNG) fail to provide high level engagement. Indigenous knowledge (IK) forms the basis of natural resource management, agriculture and health of farmers in PNG, yet its value to agricultural and environmental education in PNG is rarely recognised. The argument made in this article is that valuing indigenous knowledge will enhance agricultural and environmental education. The purpose of this empirical study was to assess the application of a knowledge management model in understanding indigenous knowledge to enhance agricultural and environmental education. This article focuses on agricultural and environmental indigenous knowledge and culture in two villages in the Western Highlands of PNG. Participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and apprentice observations were methods to collect data from small-scale indigenous farmers. The study found that as farmers shift to cash crops, IK is devalued against Western knowledge. The study also found that trust, culture, and social barriers limit sharing of knowledge. The article concludes with recommendations for future agricultural and environmental education in the PNG highlands.
31
Vatsikopoulous, Helen. "PNG: Under the spell." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 2, no. 1 (November 1, 1995): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v2i1.533.
Full textAbstract:
Corruption and law and order problems beset Papua New Guinea in its 20th year of independence. Says former Governor of the Central Bank, Sir Mekere Morauta: 'This nation is under the spell of the statement that we are rich. So our riches will deliver us from the evils, from our own evils. They didn't. Where are we now?' [Transcript of an SBS Dateline programme PNG: Under the Spell, broadcast on 6 May 1995, and rebroadcast on PNG's EM TV on May 15, amid controversy].
32
Nion, S. T. S. "PNG Transect 1998–2001." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 15, no. 1 (February 1997): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0743-9547(97)87719-7.
Full text
33
Nion, S. "PNG Transect 1998-2001." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 15, no. 1 (February 1997): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1367-9120(97)88145-x.
Full text
34
Wilbur, Charlton. "PNG: The definitive guide." Journal of Computing in Higher Education 12, no. 2 (March 2001): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02940959.
Full text
35
Busilacchi, Sara, James Butler, Ingrid Van Putten, Yiheyis Maru, and Joseph Posu. "Asymmetrical Development across Transboundary Regions: The Case of the Torres Strait Treaty Region (Australia and Papua New Guinea)." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 14, 2018): 4200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114200.
Full textAbstract:
While there is much theoretical study of the evolution of border disparities, there is little empirical analysis of development asymmetries across border regions, and their causes or solutions. Often disparities among countries hinder the ability of transboundary agreements and other development initiatives to generate sustainable development. This study quantifies development progress amongst communities in Australia and Papua New Guinea (PNG) covered by the Torres Strait Treaty, 26 years after its inception. Using regional census data from 2011 we found contrasting patterns of human development, with markedly poorer education levels in PNG. This asymmetry was confirmed by a Human Development Index of 0.735 for the Torres Strait and 0.270 for the neighbouring province in PNG. From a survey of 1089 PNG households in 2012–2013 we calculated that 63% of people in the villages were multidimensional poor, and 28% were ‘vulnerable to poverty’. Poverty was positively correlated with poor health, which has implications for the control of tuberculosis in the region. While Treaty provisions may have reduced poverty amongst some PNG villages closest to Australian communities, development initiatives by Ok Tedi mine in compensation for its environmental impacts have not. Our study highlights the causes of the sustainable development gap between PNG and Australian communities, and the necessity for transboundary agreements and institutions to have the capacity to adapt to their unintended consequences and rapid global change.
36
Demian, Melissa. "On the Repugnance of Customary Law." Comparative Studies in Society and History 56, no. 2 (April 2014): 508–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417514000127.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe Constitution of Papua New Guinea (PNG) features a peculiar artifact of colonial-era law known as a repugnancy clause. This type of clause, used elsewhere as a neutral mechanism to identify conflicts between legal provisions, has in PNG become a tool for the moral-aesthetic evaluation of “customary law.” In this article, I follow the history of the PNG repugnancy clause from its colonial origins and through the relevant case law since the country's independence in order to ask both how the clause acquired its non-legal meaning through legal usage, and why it has been retained in its original form in PNG when so many postcolonial legal regimes have discarded it. Comparative material from Indonesia, sub-Saharan Africa, and especially Australia is used to contextualize the durability of the PNG repugnancy clause, and theoretical material on the affect of disgust and shame is brought to bear in order to understand the use of repugnancy in its moral-aesthetic sense. The article concludes with a meditation on the way the repugnancy clause has enabled the judiciary of PNG to distance the law of the country not simply from an uneducated or inadequately Christian general populace, but also from a history in which all Papua New Guineans were regarded as a contaminating threat to the European colonizers whose legal system the country has inherited.
37
P. Faith, Daniel, H. A. Nix, C. R. Margules, M. F. Hutchinson, P. A. Walker, J. West, J. L. Stein, J. L. Kesteven, A. Allison, and G. Natera. "The BioRap Biodiversity Assessment and Planning Study for Papua New Guinea." Pacific Conservation Biology 6, no. 4 (2000): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc010279.
Full textAbstract:
Papua New Guinea (PNG) has an incredible variety of land and marine ecosystems, including many components of biodiversity that are unique in the world. PNG's land mass constitutes less than one percent of the world's land area, yet estimates suggest that the country has more than 5% of the world's biodiversity. PNG has been recognized therefore as an important region for biodiversity conservation (see Alcorn 1993; Beehler 1993 and references within). Recently, Conservation International (CI) has recognized PNG as one of the small number of critical tropical forest areas for conservation efforts. That priority reflects not just PNG's unique biodiversity but also the fact that sustainable use of PNG's natural resources has become an important issue, particularly relating to its large mineral deposits, oil and natural gas reserves, agricultural potential, and forestry production potential. CI's perspective highlights important principles of conservation priority. PNG, like the other tropical wilderness areas on its priority list, is regarded as an opportunity for effective conservation at relatively low cost, given that these wilderness regions are still largely intact and have low human population density. In our view, realizing such opportunities requires good planning. Biodiversity conservation in PNG can imply low realized opportunity costs or quite high realized opportunity costs, depending on whether biodiversity planning is used to find a balance among society's competing needs through tradeoffs. PNG is a region worthy of urgent conservation planning attention because potential high net benefits for society may be needlessly foreclosed through inefficient planning that does not address conflicts among various needs of society. The risk of losing those potential net benefits is a strong argument for conservation investment in PNG.
38
Willie, Barne, Emma L. Sweeney, Steven G. Badman, Mark Chatfield, Andrew J. Vallely, Angela Kelly-Hanku, and David M. Whiley. "The Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Papua New Guinea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 1520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031520.
Full textAbstract:
Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance (NG AMR) has become an urgent concern globally. The World Health Organization, the United States of America Centers for Disease Control, and other regulators have called to improve resistance-testing methods to enhance NG AMR surveillance. NG AMR surveillance remains critical in informing treatment; unfortunately, this is often lacking in settings with limited resources, such as Papua New Guinea (PNG). We conducted a systematic review and a prevalence meta-analysis, and provided an overview of NG AMR in PNG. We showed the lack of NG AMR data in the last decade, and emphasized the need for NG AMR surveillance in PNG. Since NG AMR testing by the NG culture method is unreliable in PNG, we suggested using molecular tests to complement and enhance NG AMR surveillance.
39
Gemo, Oria. "PNG's new information order (in waiting)." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 1, no. 1 (November 1, 1994): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v1i1.519.
Full text
40
Asia, Narpat, and Pramod Paliwal. "Service Quality in Natural Gas Distribution: A Study." NMIMS Management Review 29, no. 04 (December 27, 2021): 56–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.53908/nmmr.290403.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: Using the SERVQUAL model in the Natural Gas Distribution business context, the research paper examines and compares the quality of service parameters of two City Gas Distribution (CGD) companies engaged in Piped Natural Gas (PNG) distribution- one from public and other from the private sector. Research Design/Approach: Mapping of various activities pertaining to domestic (household) PNG service on the SERVQUAL dimensions was undertaken. Based on the mapping, a relevant data collection tool was deployed to collect the data on PNG service quality parameters from the respondents, who were current consumers of these companies. Hypotheses regarding various components of SERVQUAL model were tested towards the comparison of service quality of these companies. Data were analyzed by employing an appropriate statistical tool. Findings: Statistical results reveal a significant difference between the companies in terms of the quality of services offered by them. Interpretation of study results, managerial implications and suggestions have been discussed in the paper. Practical Implications: The study shall help in designing and implementing the quality of service parameters and subsequently devising or revising Service Level Agreements (SLA) for the domestic PNG customers of CGD companies. Originality/Value: Not much relevant research work on service quality issues has been undertaken in the CGD Sector in general and in the domestic Piped Natural Gas (PNG) sub-sector in particular. One of the outcomes of the study is also the mapping of various activities pertaining to domestic PNG service on the SERVQUAL dimensions.
41
Cole, SP, KC Woo, D. Eamus, CE Harwood, and MW Haines. "Field Measurements of Net Photosynthesis and Related Parameters in Four Provenances of Acacia auriculiformis." Australian Journal of Botany 42, no. 4 (1994): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9940457.
Full textAbstract:
Tree diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, maximum light saturated assimilation (Amax), phyllode conductance (gs), and phyllode water potential (ΨW) were determined in trees of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth., 3-4 years old. Trees from three provenance regions were studied: from Papua New Guinea (PNG ̵1 Bensbach River and Morehead River provenances); north Queensland (NQ); and the Northern Territory (NT), as part of a provenance trial on Melville Island, Northern Territory. The PNG provenances were the largest trees and had accumulated the largest biomass. Significant variation in Amax between provenance regions within a season, and between seasons (wet vs dry) for each provenance region were observed. There was no correlation between seasonal Amax and provenance region growth rate. The NT provenance region generally exhibited the largest Amax and the least variation between seasons and the PNG provenance region the lowest Amax, while the NQ provenance region varied most between seasons. Seasonal and provenance region Variation in gs followed a similar trend to Amax. There was no significant variation in ΨW between provenance regions. Canopy area of the PNG provenances was seven times greater than that of the NT provenance during the late dry season. We conclude that PNG provenances achieve their larger growth rates primarily by maintaining a larger canopy. Results are discussed with reference to the observed superior growth rate of the PNG provenances, and highlight the need for caution in extrapolating single phyllode assimilation data to infer comparative growth rates.
42
Rena, Ravinder. "Challenges for Quality Primary Education in Papua New Guinea—A Case Study." Education Research International 2011 (2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/485634.
Full textAbstract:
There is an urgent need to reform the educational system to achieve universal primary education in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Even after 35 years of independence, PNG has been struggling to educate an estimated 2 million elementary- and primary-aged children and faces numerous challenges in providing Education for All (EFA). This study was conducted in four primary schools of Buma Yong area of Lae district of Morobe Province, PNG. The study revealed that the quality of education has been deteriorated over the past few decades. Many schools in PNG do not have classrooms, teachers, and basic facilities. As a result, the children are losing interest in going to school. The children dropped out of school so as to assist their families in the household and agricultural activities. It also reveals that the dropout rate of girls is more than that of the boys due to the gender disparity in the country. The study recommended that budgetary allocations should be increased so as to improve the infrastructural facilities and encourage the children to attend primary school and thus achieve the Millennium Development Goal/Education For All in PNG.
43
Wilson, Peter A. "TAXATION CONSIDERATIONS FOR AN AUSTRALIAN COMPANY CARRYING ON PETROLEUM EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA." APPEA Journal 27, no. 1 (1987): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj86004.
Full textAbstract:
The Australian Income Tax Assessment Act, 19S6 (the Act) has recently been amended by the inclusion of a full foreign tax credit system (FTCS) to replace the partial and exempt system previously existing. In view of this change, and the increase in Australian participation in Papua New Guinea (PNG), petroleum exploration re-consideration of conventional corporate structuring into PNG is warranted.In considering the form of a tax effective structuring, it will be necessary to consider matters such as the following:obtaining an appropriate mix of debt and equity with the debt provided in a form so that the service fee will not qualify as interest for FTCS purposes;structuring the PNG operations through a subsidiary incorporated out of Australia, e.g. PNG;ensuring that the shareholding in the company is appropriate to enable a full credit for 'underlying taxes'; andobtain any 'tax sparing relief available due to the PNG treatment of interest and dividends.These aspects and the many other relevant planning points require consideration of complex legislation. In the absence of direct legal precedent, proper and full consideration is warranted if all intended financial benefits are to be obtained.
44
Maina, Solomon, Martin J. Barbetti, Owain R. Edwards, David Minemba, Michael W. Areke, and Roger A. C. Jones. "Genetic Connectivity Between Papaya Ringspot Virus Genomes from Papua New Guinea and Northern Australia, and New Recombination Insights." Plant Disease 103, no. 4 (April 2019): 737–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-18-1136-re.
Full textAbstract:
Isolates of papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) were obtained from plants of pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.) or cucumber (Cucumis sativus) showing mosaic symptoms growing at Zage in Goroka District in the Eastern Highland Province of Papua New Guinea (PNG) or Bagl in the Mount Hagen District, Western Highlands Province. The samples were sent to Australia on FTA cards where they were subjected to High Throughput Sequencing (HTS). When the coding regions of the six new PRSV genomic sequences obtained via HTS were compared with those of 54 other complete PRSV sequences from other parts of the world, all six grouped together with the 12 northern Australian sequences within major phylogroup B minor phylogroup I, the Australian sequences coming from three widely dispersed locations spanning the north of the continent. Notably, none of the PNG isolates grouped with genomic sequences from the nearby country of East Timor in phylogroup A. The closest genetic match between Australian and PNG sequences was a nucleotide (nt) sequence identity of 96.9%, whereas between PNG and East Timorese isolates it was only 83.1%. These phylogenetic and nt identity findings demonstrate genetic connectivity between PRSV populations from PNG and Australia. Recombination analysis of the 60 PRSV sequences available revealed evidence of 26 recombination events within 18 isolates, only four of which were within major phylogroup B and none of which were from PNG or Australia. Within the recombinant genomes, the P1, Cl, NIa-Pro, NIb, 6K2, and 5′UTR regions contained the highest numbers of recombination breakpoints. After removal of nonrecombinant sequences, four minor phylogroups were lost (IV, VII, VIII, XV), only one of which was in phylogroup B. When genome regions from which recombinationally derived tracts of sequence were removed from recombinants prior to alignment with nonrecombinant genomes, seven previous minor phylogroups within major phylogroup A, and two within major phylogroup B, merged either partially or entirely forming four merged minor phylogroups. The genetic connectivity between PNG and northern Australian isolates and absence of detectable recombination within either group suggests that PRSV isolates from East Timor, rather than PNG, might pose a biosecurity threat to northern Australian agriculture should they prove more virulent than those already present.
45
Guise, Mira, Alistair Knott, and Lubica Benuskova. "A Bayesian Model of Polychronicity." Neural Computation 26, no. 9 (September 2014): 2052–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00620.
Full textAbstract:
A significant feature of spiking neural networks with varying connection delays, such as those in the brain, is the existence of strongly connected groups of neurons known as polychronous neural groups (PNGs). Polychronous groups are found in large numbers in these networks and are proposed by Izhikevich ( 2006a ) to provide a neural basis for representation and memory. When exposed to a familiar stimulus, spiking neural networks produce consistencies in the spiking output data that are the hallmarks of PNG activation. Previous methods for studying the PNG activation response to stimuli have been limited by the template-based methods used to identify PNG activation. In this letter, we outline a new method that overcomes these difficulties by establishing for the first time a probabilistic interpretation of PNG activation. We then demonstrate the use of this method by investigating the claim that PNGs might provide the foundation of a representational system.
46
Ming, Lei-Guo, Xiang Lv, Xiao-Ni Ma, Bao-Feng Ge, Ping Zhen, Peng Song, Jian Zhou, Hui-Ping Ma, Cory J. Xian, and Ke-Ming Chen. "The Prenyl Group Contributes to Activities of Phytoestrogen 8-Prenynaringenin in Enhancing Bone Formation and Inhibiting Bone Resorption In Vitro." Endocrinology 154, no. 3 (March 1, 2013): 1202–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2012-2086.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Previous studies have found that 8-prenylflavonoids have a higher osteogenic activity than do flavonoids, which suggested that the 8-prenyl group may play an active role in bone-protective properties. To address this hypothesis, activities of 8-prenylnaringenin (PNG) and naringenin (NG) in osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and function were compared in vitro. PNG was found to have a stronger ability than NG to improve osteoblast differentiation and osteogenic function in cultured rat calvarial osteoblasts, as demonstrated by levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin, calcium deposition, and the number and area of mineralized bone nodules, as well as mRNA expression of osteogenesis-related genes Bmp-2, OSX, and Runx-2. In addition, although expression of osteoclastogenic inducer receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) was not affected, that of osteoclastogenesis inhibitor osteoprotegerin (OPG) and consequently the OPG/RANKL ratio were increased, more potently by PNG than NG. PNG was also found to have a higher potency than NG in inhibiting the osteoclast formation in rabbit bone marrow cells and their resorptive activity, as revealed by lower numbers of osteoclasts formed, lower numbers and areas of bone resorption pits, and lower mRNA expression levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and cathepsin K. Furthermore, PNG induced apoptosis of mature osteoclasts at a higher degree and at an earlier time than did NG. These results indicate that the 8-prenyl group plays an important role and contributes to the higher bone-protective activity of PNG in comparison with NG.
47
Chandler, PJ. "The oriental and Australasian species of Platypezidae (Diptera)." Invertebrate Systematics 8, no. 2 (1994): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it9940351.
Full textAbstract:
The Platypezidae of the Oriental and Australasian Regions are revised, on the basis of a study of surviving types and other available material from these Regions. All genera and species are keyed and described; male genitalia and other diagnostic features are figured, and possible relationships are discussed. Seven genera with 43 species are recognised (19 in 7 genera are Oriental, 25 in 3 genera are Australasian, 19 in Australia itself; one species, Lindneromyia argyrogyna (de Meijere), in both Regions), 24 of them described as new: Microsania boycei (Vic, NSW), M. arthuri (Tas, NSW, WA, PNG), M. nigralula (Qld, WA, PNG), M. unicornuta (PNG), M. hebridensis (Vanuatu), M. albani (Philippines), M. lanka (Sri Lanka), Agathomyia austrocollinella (NSW), A. pluvialis (PNG), Platypeza burmensis (Burma), P. malaisei (Burma), Lindneromyia gressitti (New Britain, PNG, Larat, Qld, NSW), L. curta (Indonesia, Vietnam, India, Sri Lanka), L. kandyi (Hong Kong, Singapore, Vietnam, Sri Lanka), L. quatei (Vietnam), L. pendleburyi (Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Philippines), L. waui (PNG), L. fonsecai (NSW), L. argentifascia (NSW, ACT, Qld), L. austraquila (ACT, NSW, Qld), L. flavipalpis (Vic, NSW, SA, WA), L. albomaculata (NSW), L. pulchra (Qld, NSW) and L. merimbulae (NSW). An enlarged concept of Lindneromyia Kessel, anticipated in recent Catalogues, is discussed and justified; L. sauteri (Oldenberg), L. kerteszi (Oldenberg) and L. bnmettii (Kessel & Clopton) are new combinations. The following new synonymies are established: Agathomyia antennata (Zetterstedt) = A. hardyi Kessel & Clopton, Lindneromyia bmnettii (Kessel & Clopton) = Plesioclythia schlingeri Kessel & Clopton. Lectotypes are designated for Agathomyia thoracica Oldenberg, Clythia sauteri Oldenberg, C. kerteszi Oldenberg, Platypeza glaucescens Walker and P. obscura Brunetti.
48
Nowland, Samantha J., Paul C. Southgate, Rose K. Basiita, and Dean R. Jerry. "Elucidation of fine-scale genetic structure of sandfish (Holothuria scabra) populations in Papua New Guinea and northern Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 10 (2017): 1901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf16223.
Full textAbstract:
The development of a sandfish (Holothuria scabra) mariculture industry within Papua New Guinea (PNG) is of great socio-economic importance. However, the lack of knowledge surrounding the current population genetic structure throughout the region has raised concern about the genetic impacts of hatchery-augmented sea ranching on already diminished wild populations. The present study evaluated the current population genetic structure of sandfish within PNG, and more broadly across northern Australia, to inform sustainable mariculture practices and provide baseline genetic data within these regions. Microsatellite-based population genetic analyses were used to determine the genetic diversity within subpopulations. This analysis found that although microsatellite loci varied widely in the number of alleles (3–28), the overall allelic diversity was similar among all populations sampled. The level of genetic substructuring among all populations sampled was low, although significant (FST=0.037, P=0.000). Most of these differences were driven by distinctness of the Australian populations from those in PNG, whereby results indicated that PNG populations exhibited a panmictic stock structure. No distinct patterns of genetic isolation by distance were detected among the populations examined. Information obtained from the present study will improve the management of restocking programs and support a sustainable future for the PNG sandfish mariculture industry.
49
Salesius Jemaru and Herniati Cenne. "Analisis Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Pelintas Batas Yang Melanggar Hukum Di Provinsi Papua." Jurnal Ius Publicum 3, no. 3 (November 15, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.55551/jip.v3i3.19.
Full textAbstract:
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis bentuk-bentuk pelanggaran hukumyang dilakukan pelintas batas dari Papua New Guinea (PNG) saat masuk ke Provinsi Papua,serta menganalisa pelaksanaan penegakan hukum terhadap pelintas batas dari Papua NewGuinea (PNG) yang Melanggar Hukum di Provinsi Papua sekaligus menganalisis kendalayang dihadapi dalam penegakan hukum terhadap pelintas batas yang melanggar hukum diProvinsi Papua. Dalam penelitian ini, pendekatan masalah yang dipakai oleh Penulisadalah pendekatan Yuridis Normatif, Metode penelitian normatif disebut juga sebagaipenelitian doktrinal (doctrinal research). Selain itu Peneliti juga mempergunakan metodepenelitian Yuridis Empiris. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa bentuk-bentukpelanggaran hukum yang dilakukan oleh Pelintas Batas dari Papua New Guinea (PNG) saatmasuk ke Provinsi Papua, adalah Pelintas batas yang tidak dilengkapi dengan dokumenkeimigrasian; Pelintas Batas yang melampaui masa tinggal (Overstay) di wilayah RepublikIndonesia; Pelintas batas dari PNG dengan status Ex Narapidana, karena telah manjalanihukum di Negara Republik Indonesia, serta penyelundupan ganja dan barang-barangterlarang lainnya ke wilayah Republik Indonesia. Kata kunci: Penegakan Hukum, Pelintas Batas, Melanggar Hukum
50
Gray, Richard T., Lei Zhang, Tony Lupiwa, and David P. Wilson. "Forecasting the Population-Level Impact of Reductions in HIV Antiretroviral Therapy in Papua New Guinea." AIDS Research and Treatment 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/891593.
Full textAbstract:
Papua New Guinea (PNG) recently did not secure external funding for the continuation of its antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs meaning that supplies of HIV drugs for the estimated 38,000 people living with HIV in PNG could be completely depleted during 2010. Using a mathematical model of HIV transmission calibrated to available HIV epidemiology data from PNG, we evaluated the expected population-level impact of reductions in ART availability. If the number of people on ART falls to 10% of its current level, then there could be an approximately doubling in annual incidence and an additional 12,848 AIDS-related deaths (100.7% increase) over the next 5 years; if ART provision is halved, then annual incidence would increase by ~68%, and there would be an additional ~10,936 AIDS-related deaths (85.7% increase). These results highlight that maintenance of ART and associated services through external funding is essential for the health and well-being of HIV-positive people in PNG.