Journal articles: 'Pneumatic unit dynamics'

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Stoll, Johannes T., Kevin Schanz, and Andreas Pott. "Mechatronic Control System for a Compliant and Precise Pneumatic Rotary Drive Unit." Actuators 9, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act9010001.

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Robots that enable safe human-robot collaboration can be realized by using compliant drive units. In previous works, different mechanical designs of compliant pneumatic rotary drive units with similar characteristics have been presented. In this paper, we present the overall control approach that we use to operate one of these compliant pneumatic rotary drive units. We explain the mechanical design and derive the differential equation that describes the dynamics of the system. In order to successfully operate a pneumatic drive unit with three or more working chambers, the torque specified by the controller has to be split up onto the working chambers. We transfer the well-known field-oriented control approach from electric motors to the investigated pneumatic drive unit to create such a torque mapping. Moreover, we develop optimized torque mappings that are tailored to work with this type of drive unit. Furthermore, we introduce and compare two control algorithms based on different implementations of state feedback to realize position control. Finally, we present the step responses that we achieve when we implement either one of the control algorithms in combination with the different torque mappings.

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Carmona, M., S. Marco, J. Samitier, M. C. Acero, J. A. Plaza, and J. Esteve. "Modeling the Thermal Actuation in a Thermo-Pneumatic Micropump." Journal of Electronic Packaging 125, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 527–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1604154.

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The analysis of a thermo-pneumatic actuation unit for its use in a micropump has been carried out. Coupled thermo-mechanical simulations by finite element method (FEM) (with ANSYS software) were required because of the complexity of the device. The simulation results were validated by thermal and mechanical experimental results, showing a good agreement. FEM results have been used to extract a high level model of the actuation unit that can be used to estimate the maximum performance of the micropump operation with this actuation unit. In order to identify the best frequency of operation for the pump, a quality parameter has been defined based on the thermal dynamics of the actuation unit.

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Leontiev, Aleksandr, Vitalii Tauger, Evgenii Volkov, and Volkov Volkov. "The dynamics of a laden skip of the shaft pneumatic winding plant during acceleration." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal, no. 1 (February 17, 2021): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2021-1-115-121.

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Introduction. Ratios for calculating the laden skip acceleration and speed at the motion start are required to calculate skip pneumatic winding plant cycle components. The ratios are the solution to the skip dynamics equation which takes into account the relationship between the flow generated by a power unit and air pressure. Research methodology. The dynamics equation including the dependence of the pressure on the flow rate (aerodynamic characteristic) in a general form is compiled. In a special case of the unit’s physical model, a discharge unit with a linear aerodynamic characteristic is used. Research result. For a particular case, equations are obtained that allow to theoretically describe the kinematic parameters of a skip in the period of unsteady motion. It is established that the skip acceleration, velocity and displacement are asymptotic functions. The obtained expressions for kinematic parameters make it possible to theoretically determine the duration of the acceleration period and the path that the ISSN 0536-1028 «Известия вузов. Горный журнал», № 1, 2021 121 skip takes during this period. A method for calculating skip dynamics during acceleration is proposed, which contains approximating formula conclusion for the power unit aerodynamic characteristics, its substitution into the dynamics equation, and obtaining skip kinematic parameters by solving the dynamics equation. Conclusion. The obtained relations allow to calculate skip dynamics during acceleration taking into account power unit aerodynamic characteristics, which is necessary to determine the working cycle time of the pneumatic winding plant.

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Bobrow, J. E., and F. Jabbari. "Adaptive Pneumatic Force Actuation and Position Control." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 113, no. 2 (June 1, 1991): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2896374.

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In this paper an implementation of an adaptive control law for a pneumatic actuator is presented. Pneumatic actuators are of particular interest for robotic applications because of their large force output per unit weight, and their low cost. Stabilization of a pneumatic actuator is difficult if a high bandwidth closed-loop system is desired. This is because of the compressibility of air, and of the nonlinear characteristics of air flowing through a variable area orifice. Further complications arise from the geometry of the mechanism because the equations of motion are highly nonlinear. The order of the dominant dynamics is shown to vary with the position of the mechanicsm.

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Efremova, K. D., and V. N. Pilgunov. "Pneumatic Muscle: Geometry of the Cylindrical Membrane and The Power Characteristic Prognostic." Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, no. 3 (April 8, 2018): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24108/0318.0001377.

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The pneumatic muscle is a pneumatic motor of the single-acting reciprocating motion. It is designed to create apullingforce. Return of the pneumatic muscle to its original position is provided by elastic deformation of its shell. A cylindrical membrane with the hard bottom and the lid provides the basis of the pneumatic muscle.The membrane cord is formed in the process of helically shaped CU-braid of the threads made from the super-hard synthetic fibres (for example, Kevlar). After the cord is filled with an elastomer, a strong, deformable and elastic shell is formed. An excessive pressure applied to the internal cavity of the membrane arises an extension of the tangent diagonal and a simultaneous shortening of the axial diagonal in the diamond-shaped cell, which is formed as a result of braid of cord threads. This results in pneumatic muscle’s retraction up to 25% of its original length, while creating a sufficiently large contraction force, which depends significantly on the contraction value.Using the cord structure of the MAS series pneumatic muscles of the company “FESTO” as an example, we have investigated a diamond-shaped cell deformation of the membrane and have defined a numerical dependence of its internal diameter and the volume of the internal cavity of the pneumatic muscle on the contraction value. This allowed us to develop a mathematical model of an idealized cylindrical membrane whose dynamics does not take into account a deformation force of the elastomer, filling a diamond-shaped cell.The experimental studies of industrial samples of the MAS 10 family of pneumatic muscles, carried out using a specially designed unit, allowed us to obtain their force characteristics. In the numerical representation, these characteristics turned out to be 2.5 ... 3 times less than the force characteristics of the pneumatic muscle with an idealized membrane, thereby allowing us to draw conclusions that the elastomer deformation forces have a significant influence. There is a proposal to take into account the elastomer deformation effect on the force characteristics of the pneumatic muscle by dint of the correction factor available from a comparative estimate of the force characteristics of the idealized membrane and the normalized force characteristics of the pneumatic muscles of the MAS family.The results of the performed studies allow us to predict the force characteristics of pneumatic muscles at the stage of their design and in-service.

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Godzhaev, Z. A., and A. M. Pogozhina. "Prospects for the development of undercarriage systems of modern mobile energy devices for agricultural purposes." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 85, no. 5 (October 15, 2018): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66429.

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The final stage of the cultivation of crops is harvesting. The quality of the operation depends on the annual result of the effectiveness of all previous work. It is important not only to harvest well, but to preserve the fertility of the soil and avoid soil compaction. The problem of compression is becoming more acute due to the massive use of heavy wheeled tractors and combines. The degree of soil compaction depends on the type of propulsion unit, the weight of the tractor and the number of passes of the units across the field. The negative impact of undercarriage systems on the soil should be considered when creating new machines based on new layout schemes, to reduce the structural weight, taking into account the dynamics and distribution of the center of mass of the variation in hook load. To reduce pressure and evenly distribute it is possible through the creation of more advanced propulsion and suspension systems. The purpose of this article is to analyze the most promising designs of the mobile agricultural machinery undercarriage systems, which can reduce the specific pressure on the ground, improve the throughput of agricultural machinery and provide a more comfortable planting and harvesting. At the moment, the following main directions of development of agricultural machinery undercarriage systems can be distinguished: pneumatic tracks, twin wheels, half-track, installation of rubber-reinforced tracks (RRT) and torsion as an elastic suspension element. The tests carried out confirmed that the installation of a changeable tracked propulsion unit can reduce the degree of soil compaction by 17-46 %, and the use of twin wheels showed an increase in pulling force by 20 % and a decrease in gauge depth by 40 %. The use of pneumatic trackers allows to increase the permeability of the transport vehicle on soils with a weak bearing capacity and at the same time minimize the damage that it can cause to the supporting base. Recently it is popular to operate the agricultural machinery, which uses rubber-reinforced caterpillar. Its caterpillar operational cycle if higher of 4-5 times comparing to those from metal. In addition, it allows to reduce vibration load and do the work at wet soil conditions. RRT is put both in the all-track version, and in the form of a wheel-caterpillar. This propulsion unit has a triangular shape of rubber tracks is mounted instead of wheels. Currently, individual torsion hangers of track rollers are widely used on tracked tractors. The advantages of the new torsion-balance suspension made it possible to increase the reliability and durability of tracked tractors undercarriage systems.

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Zhang, Yu, Wenchuan Zhao, Ning Wang, and Dengyu Lu. "Development and Performance Analysis of Pneumatic Soft-Bodied Bionic Basic Execution Unit." Journal of Robotics 2020 (November 3, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8860550.

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This paper studies the design of pneumatic soft-bodied bionic basic execution unit with soft-rigid combination, which can be used as an actuator for pneumatic soft-bodied robots and soft-bodied manipulators. This study is inspired by structural characteristics and motion mechanism of biological muscles, combined with the nonlinear hyperelasticity of silica gel and the insertion of thin leaf spring structure in the nonretractable layer. Response surface analysis and numerical simulation algorithm are used to determine the optimal combination of structural dimension parameters by taking the maximum output bending angle of the basic executing unit as the optimization objective. Based on Odgen’s third-order constitutive model, the deformation analysis model of the basic execution unit is established. The physical model of pneumatic soft-bodied bionic basic execution unit is prepared through 3D printing, shape deposition, soft lithography, and other processing methods. Finally, the motion and dynamic characteristics of the physical model are tested through experiments and result analysis, thus obtaining curves and empirical formulas describing the motion and dynamic characteristics of the basic execution unit. The relevant errors are compared with the deformation analysis model of the execution unit to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the design of the pneumatic soft-bodied bionic basic execution unit. The above research methods, research process, and results can provide a reference for the research and implementation of pneumatic and hydraulic driven soft-bodied robots and grasping actuators of soft-bodied manipulators.

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Kuz´niewski, B. "Nonlinearity and Feedback Compensation Method in a Pneumatic Vibration Generator." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 122, no. 1 (March 8, 1996): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.482437.

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The paper presents a model of a pneumatic piston unit and analyzes dynamic processes taking place in the unit generating periodic signals. Nonlinearities and feedback occurring in flow and vibration processes are determined. A method of nonlinearity and feedback compensation by input parameters of air streams is presented. [S0022-0434(00)00201-X]

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VERRELST, BJÖRN, JIMMY VERMEULEN, BRAM VANDERBORGHT, RONALD VAN HAM, JORIS NAUDET, DIRK LEFEBER, FRANK DAERDEN, and MICHAEL VAN DAMME. "MOTION GENERATION AND CONTROL FOR THE PNEUMATIC BIPED "LUCY"." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 03, no. 01 (March 2006): 67–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843606000655.

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This paper reports on the control structure of the pneumatic biped "Lucy." The robot is actuated with pleated pneumatic artificial muscles which have interesting characteristics that can be exploited for legged machines. They have a high power-to-weight ratio, an adaptable compliance and they can reduce impact effects. The current control architecture focuses on the trajectory generator and the tracking controller, which is divided into a computed torque controller, a delta-p unit, a PI position controller and a pressure bang-bang controller. The trajectory generator provides polynomial joint trajectories while the computed torque, combined with the delta-p unit, calculates the required muscle pressure levels. The PI and bang-bang controller work at a pressure level to cope with modeling errors and to set the pressures in each muscle. The control design is divided into single support and double support, where specifically the computed torque differs for these two phases. The proposed control architecture is evaluated with a full hybrid dynamic simulation model of the biped. This simulator combines the dynamical behavior of the robot with the thermodynamical effects that take place in the muscle-valves system. The observed hardware limitations of the real robot and expected model errors are taken into account in order to give a realistic qualitative evaluation of the control performance and to test the robustness. A preliminary implementation of the presented controller on the real biped, representing a walking motion of the robot while both feet are in the air, is discussed. This first implementation shows already promising results concerning tracking performance of the proposed control architecture. It confirms that the pneumatic tracking system can be used for a dynamic application such as a biped walking robot.

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Kushnir, V. G., O. A. Benyukh, I. N. Shilo, N. N. Romanyuk, and V. A. Ageychik. "Improvement of suspension system of mobile power units." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 81, no. 5 (May 15, 2014): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-65620.

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Original designs of pneumatic-tyre movers and vehicle suspension are proposed. Their use will permit to increase reliability, operation durability, ride comfort, and cross-country capability of machine and tractor unit; to improve operator work conditions; to decrease vertical vibration and dynamic loads on supporting surface as well as soil compaction.

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Bulgakov, Volodymyr, Valeriy Adamchuk, Grigory Kaletnіk, and Ivan Golovach. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF VERTICAL OSCILLATIONS OF A CUTTING MACHINE FRONTLY MOUNTED ON AN ARABLE-TILL TRACTOR." Vibrations in engineering and technology, no. 1(100) (March 23, 2021): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2306-8744-2021-1-5.

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Experimental studies and production experience show that the most productive and high-quality collection of sugar beet haulms without soil impurities, is possible only when a continuous, carbonless cut of its main mass at the root is carried out. However, the use of haulm toppers with rotary haulm cutters, which are carried out without a guide cut, frontally mounted on energy resources, as well as a significant increase in the working speeds of harvesting, cause intense vibrations of these haulm toppers in the longitudinal-vertical plane, which not only reduces the quality of trimming the heads of root crops, but causes, in general, significant losses of tops. Therefore, there is a need for an analytical determination of the influence of the kinematic and design parameters of a topper, frontally mounted on a wheeled tractor, on the magnitude of the amplitude of oscillations in the longitudinal-vertical plane of its haulm topper. Taking this need into account, in this work we have constructed a computational mathematical model of the movement of a topper front-mounted on a wheeled tractor, based on the use of the original equation of dynamics in the form of Lagrange of the second kind. According to the developed equivalent circuit and the implementation of the necessary mathematical transformations, a nonlinear differential equation was obtained, which describes the oscillations of the rotary cutting device of the topper in the longitudinal-vertical plane when its pneumatic gauge wheels move over the unevenness of the soil surface. According to the compiled program and the numerical solution on the PC of the specified differential equation, rational constructive and kinematic parameters of the topper frontally mounted on the tractor have been determined which reduce the indicated oscillations. So, with the forward speed of movement of the topping unit equal to = 3,0 m∙ s–1, the vibration amplitude of the topper rotor decreases 1,2 ... 1,5 times in comparison with the height of the field surface irregularities, equal to = ± 0.04 m. With the vibration amplitude of the lower ends of the knives of the rotary cutting apparatus up to 4 cm, the loss of haulms does not increase significantly. However, with an increase in the amplitude of these fluctuations to 7 cm and more, the loss of tops increases significantly, the maximum values of which exceed 12%.

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Alkurawy, Lafta E. J., Adham H. Saleh, and Ibraheem S. Fatah. "ROBUST AND FEEDFORWARD CONTROL FOR A NONLINEAR PNEUMATIC SERVOMECHANISM SYSTEM." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56, no. 5 (October 30, 2021): 362–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.5.31.

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The actuator of the vane servo unit epitomizes the control operator of force in systems of missile control, where the character of its dynamic and static plays a significant role in the missile behavior. Therefore, improving the dynamic behavior for the vane servo actuator is of main interest for designing control and guidance system. The article describes a new method of analyzing the mathematical model of the nonlinear pneumatic servo with different design parameters and designing a controller with these parameters. The robust control regulates the system with different parameters, and it is the first controller to attempt this technique. A servo actuator of nonlinear and linear simulators was constructed by MATLAB software package. Feedback controllers with PI and PID were designed and tested theoretically. The setting time and the behavior of the dynamic will be improved. The robust feedforward control was applied to the system to improve the stability and zero steady-state error and compare the results with PI and PID controller. Their tests showed that robust control is the best control for stability among the others.

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Kozenkova, G. L., V. N. Talamanov, V. A. Kozenkov, S. I. Kondratyev, E. V. Khekert, and M. A. Modina. "Study of pneumatic sources of elastic waves for marine seismic exploration." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2061, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2061/1/012068.

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Abstract An extensive use of geophysical methods necessitates the development of new methods and improvement of existing methods for seismic exploration to provide reliable data on the structure of the environment in difficult geological conditions. Therefore, it is especially relevant to solve the problems arising in marine petroleum geophysics, which require constant improvement of the methodology and technology of work, and the development and implementation of the advanced seismic equipment. Pneumatic sources that use compressed air as a working medium are among the most effective non-explosive sources for marine seismic exploration. Pneumatic sources exhibit high-energy characteristics, reliability and versatility. Compressor equipment that provide pneumatic sources with high-pressure compressed air is relatively easy to embed into the marine vessel’s power system. The above requires the development and improvement of theoretical methods for studying dynamic problems of a liquid half-space with buried sources of various types. A theoretical description of the formation of an elastic signal in water is given in a number of works. However, the authors of these works do not perform the analysis of gas transportation. The paper considers a number of characteristics of gas flow at a subsonic speed along the high-pressure hose from a vessel’s compressor unit to a pneumatic source. The airflow rate in the receiver-pneumatic source system is determined, and the friction force at a quasi-steady isothermal mode of gas flow is calculated. The paper presents recommendations for planning geophysical works.

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Zhao, Shumi, Rong Liu, Chengwei Fei, and Dong Guan. "Dynamic Interface Pressure Monitoring System for the Morphological Pressure Mapping of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Therapy." Sensors 19, no. 13 (June 28, 2019): 2881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19132881.

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Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) is a proactive compression therapeutic technique in the prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis, reduction of limb edema, and treatment of chronic venous ulcers. To appropriately detect and analyze biomechanical pressure profiles delivered by IPC in treatment, a dynamic interface pressure monitoring system was developed to visualize and quantify morphological pressure mapping in the spatial and temporal domains in real time. The system comprises matrix soft sensors, a smart IPC device, a monitoring and analysis software, and a display unit. The developed soft sensor fabricated by an advanced screen printing technology was used to detect intermitted pressure by an IPC device. The pneumatic pressure signals inside the bladders of the IPC were also transiently collected by a data acquisition system and then transmitted to the computer through Bluetooth. The experimental results reveal that the developed pressure monitoring system can perform the real-time detection of dynamic pressures by IPC and display the morphological pressure mapping multi-dimensionally. This new system provides a novel modality to assist in the effective evaluation of proactive compression therapy in practice. The study results contribute to understanding the working mechanisms of IPC and improving its functional design based on intuitive biomechanical characteristics of compression delivery profiles.

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Karabegovic, Alen, Markus Hinteregger, Christoph Janeczek, Werner Mohl, and Margit Gföhler. "Closed-loop Helium Circulation System for Actuation of a Continuously Operating Heart Catheter Pump." International Journal of Artificial Organs 40, no. 6 (May 27, 2017): 272–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/ijao.5000593.

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Background Currently available, pneumatic-based medical devices are operated using closed-loop pulsatile or open continuous systems. Medical devices utilizing gases with a low atomic number in a continuous closed loop stream have not been documented to date. This work presents the construction of a portable helium circulation addressing the need for actuating a novel, pneumatically operated catheter pump. The design of its control system puts emphasis on the performance, safety and low running cost of the catheter pump. Methods and results Static and dynamic characteristics of individual elements in the circulation are analyzed to ensure a proper operation of the system. The pneumatic circulation maximizes the working range of the drive unit inside the catheter pump while reducing the total size and noise production. Separate flow and pressure controllers position the turbine's working point into the stable region of the pressure creation element. A subsystem for rapid gas evacuation significantly decreases the duration of helium removal after a leak, reaching subatmospheric pressure in the intracorporeal catheter within several milliseconds. Conclusions The system presented in the study offers an easy control of helium mass flow while ensuring stable behavior of its internal components.

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Tuleja, Peter, and Michal Demko. "ANALYSIS OF THE ASPECTS THAT DETERMINE THE SELECTION OF THE DRIVE SYSTEM FOR A VEHICLE DRIVEN BY COMPRESSED AIR." TECHNICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOG IES, no. 4 (14) (2018): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2018-4(14)-101-108.

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Urgency of the research. Activities in the field of compressed air drive unit design are the subject of research into alternative energies for automotive drive. The competition mentioned in this article is intended to stimulate universities and high school students to make material outcomes in this area of research. These activities bring new, sometimes unconventional solutions to problems that can potentially bring about solutions applicable in technical practice. Target setting. The aim of this article was to map out possible ways of realizing a drive unit of a vehicle that is driven by compressed air. Based on an analysis of the most commonly used ways of solving this problem, the article indicates the direction of development of such a drive unit. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Research in this area consists in designing a drive unit that would allow dynamic driving at low compressed air consumption. This requires the perfect mastering of the theoretical knowledge about recirculation in compressed gas as well as the optimization of the power parameters of the unit by appropriate design of the basic construction component - linear pneumatic drive. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Only one group of transformation mechanisms is analyzed in the article that allow the compressed air drive unit to be constructed. The research objective. The aim of the research is to provide a theoretical and mathematical basis for determining the optimum parameters of a compressed air propelled vehicle unit as well as its application for the construction of new vehicles for competition. The statement of basic materials. The basic material for the creation of the article was taken from the bachelor thesis of the co-author of the article [3], from the contest proposals and other sources available in the library and magazine materials as well as from the prepared study materials for the students of the Technical University of Kosice, Slovakia. Conclusions. Conclusions of the article lead to the determination of the appropriate concept of transformation of linear motion of the pneumatic drive to rotational in order to achieve the best results in the next year of the International Aventics Pneumobile Competition.

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Li, Hao, Yuan Hao Zhu, and Yu Hua Xin. "Modeling and Simulation of a Hydro-Pneumatic Accumulator System for Hybrid Air Development." Applied Mechanics and Materials 733 (February 2015): 763–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.733.763.

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To meet the increasingly stringent environmental protection regulations, there had emerged several technologies in the electrification of powertrains in hybrid vehicle, such as HEV and EV. However, these also led to increasing costs which could greatly affect the markets. So, here introduce a new type of full-hybrid powertrain that combines a petrol engine and a compressed air energy storage unit instead of a battery, offering an alternative to electric hybrid solutions. This paper laid the emphasis on the multi-domain modeling and simulation of a hydro-pneumatic accumulator system, and then continues to study its dynamic behavior of the compressed air and output performance of the pump/motor with simulation. Results show that the system possesses a high applied value in a given hybrid air system.

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Hao, Junbo, Zedong Wang, Wenwu Yi, Yan Chen, and Jiyao Chen. "Influence of the Flexible Tower on Aeroelastic Loads of the Wind Turbine." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (September 24, 2021): 8876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11198876.

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The finite element discretization of a tower system based on the two-node Euler-Bernoulli beam is carried out by taking the cubic Hermite polynomial as the form function of the beam unit, calculating the structural characteristic matrix of the tower system, and establishing the wind turbine-nacelle-tower multi-degree-of-freedom finite element numerical model. The equation for calculating the aerodynamic load for any nacelle attitude angle is derived. The effect of the flexible tower vibration feedback on the aerodynamic load of the wind turbine is studied. The results show that, when the stiffness of the tower is large, the effect of having tower vibration feedback or not on the aeroelastic load of the wind turbine is small. For the more flexible tower system, wind-induced vibration time-varying feedback will cause larger aeroelastic load variations, especially the top of the tower overturning moment, thus causing a larger impact on the dynamic behavior of the tower downwind and crosswind. As the flexibility of the tower system increases, the interaction between tower vibration and pneumatic load is also gradually increasing. Taking into account the influence of flexible towers on the aeroelastic load of a wind turbine can help predict the pneumatic load of a wind turbine more accurately and improve the efficiency of wind energy utilization on the one hand and analyze the dynamic behavior of the flexible structure of a wind turbine more accurately on the other hand, which is extremely beneficial to the structural optimization of wind turbine.

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Sun, Honghua, Lipeng Xu, Guangjun Jiang, and Hongxia Chen. "Reliability Analysis of Tape Winding Hydraulic System Based on Continuous-Time T-S Dynamic Fault Tree." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (February 26, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8499605.

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It is necessary to make the tape winding system have good reliability. Because the power system usually is a pneumatic or hydraulic system, the static reliability analysis lacks the ability to describe the dynamic state transfer, component fault correlation, and propagation effect of the system; it is difficult to accurately reflect the actual behavior of the complex system. Most of the existing research results lack the situation that the importance of bottom events changes with time; only a single number cannot express the impact of bottom events on top events at different times. Therefore, this study uses the dynamic reliability analysis method to quantitatively analyze the reliability of the tape winding power hydraulic system. Firstly, the dynamic reliability model of hydraulic system is established by using the continuous-time T-S dynamic fault tree to solve the fault rate of the system. Secondly, the results are compared with the traditional Markov chain analysis method of dynamic fault tree. The feasibility and advantages of the continuous-time T-S dynamic fault tree analysis method are verified. Finally, the probability importance and key importance of the system unit are calculated, and the law of importance changing with time is expressed. According to the importance of different time, it can help the regular maintenance and fault diagnosis of equipment.

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Posmetev, Valeriy, Mikhail Drapalyuk, Vadim Nikonov, Viktor Posmetev, and Aleksandr Avdyuhin. "EFFICIENCY ESTIMATION OF HYDRO-PNEUMATIC SUSPENSION OF A TIMBER TRUCK ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF SIMULATION MODELLING." Forestry Engineering Journal 10, no. 1 (April 6, 2020): 218–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2020.1/26.

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The relevance of increasing the efficiency of timber transportation by forest transport vehicles through development of a promising hydropneumatic suspension scheme has been substantiated. A diagram of the proposed modular design suspension and logging vehicle equipped with this type of suspension has been presented. The results of its simulation have been also showed. A mathematical model of the movement of a six-wheeled timber truck in three-dimensional space has been developed to evaluate the use of such hydropneumatic suspensions in a forest car. The design scheme for constructing a timber truck dynamic model has been presented. The sequence of numerical integration at each time step has been described. It includes seven stages, repeated many times during the computer experiment. A computer program has been developed. It enables to investigate the coordinated operation of hydropneumatic suspensions and the influence of their parameters on the smooth running of a timber truck. Computer experiments have been carried out to overcome bumps and obstacles with given parameters at different speeds. The time dependences of the volume of the pneumatic cavity of the hydropneumatic suspension, pressure and gas temperature in it have been obtained. The influence of the average height of irregularities, the number of obstacles per unit length, the speed of timber truck on the maximum vertical acceleration of timber truck, the maximum pressure and temperature difference in the pneumatic cavity of the suspension under study has been revealed

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Danilov, Boris, and Boris Smolyanitskiy. "Optimization of technical solutions for pilot hole drilling in soil." MATEC Web of Conferences 216 (2018): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821603008.

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The paper discusses approaches to improvement of equipment for borehole drilling with a predetermined trajectory in construction of underground utility systems and facilities. Piercing method allows implementing dry drilling of boreholes with small diameter using simple technical equipment. The methods used when preparing the research are analysis, generalization, and experimental research methods. Outcomes of the research include evidence that increase in performance of vibro-impact piercing is possible not only due to higher impact energy, but also due to optimization of interaction between the operating tool and soil. Combination of dynamic action by impact pulses and static forces applied to the drilling equipment enables to enhance performance of impact pulse action and increase the drilling speed. Accuracy of the borehole trajectory can be provided by using dynamic stabilizers or correcting the drilling direction due to asymmetrical tool shape in combination with the torque moment of a drilling equipment. The study formulates requirements to design of a drilling unit for directed pilot hole drilling by dynamic piercing method. The design of an improved pneumatic tool installed in front of the drill string and equipped with asymmetrical front head is described. Experimental research results are given on the process of a borehole drilling using the described tool.

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BALABANOV, VIKTOR I. "ASSESSING LOOSENING DEPTH FLUCTUATIONS OF THE WORKING TOOL OF A VOLUMETRIC RECLAMATION RIPPER." Agricultural engineering, no. 6 (2021): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2021-6-20-25.

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The working equipment used for deep loosening of heavy mechanical soils during the restoration of temporarily unclaimed agricultural lands includes a basic machine unit with attachments infl uenced by signifi cant oscillatory loads during its operation. The variability of the physical and mechanical properties of the treated soil aff ects the uneven depth of loosening and the machine operation. This is one of the main technological indicators evaluating the performance features of rippers. The research purpose is to analyze the ripper as a dynamic system and estimate the magnitude of the fl uctuations in the loosening depth depending on the surface irregularities of the machine’s path along the fi eld. The research was carried out according to generally accepted methods using modeling. The authors considered the functioning model of the reclamation ripper in the form of an “environment – machine – technological process” dynamic system, which converts input disturbances and control actions into output ones. The study results of reclamation ripper dynamic models have shown that average terrain irregularities of 5…10 cm result in the amplitude of cutting edge vibrations of a pneumatic-wheeled ripper equaling 8…15 cm and 6…12 cm for the ripper coupled with a caterpillar tractor. According to agrotechnical requirements, a loosening depth of 0.8 m results in the permissible deviations of 8 cm.

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Askarov, A. D., E. B. Medvedkov, A. E. Кaiyrbayeva, and G. Sh Nasrullin. "Mathematical description of the grain cleaning process on the experimental facility." Journal of Almaty Technological University, no. 1 (April 6, 2022): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.48184/2304-568x-2022-1-10-17.

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Machines with pneumatic systems are used to clean grain from light impurities and dust. Modern grain cleaning machines for preliminary cleaning from light impurities and dust with a pneumatic system do not fully meet the increasing requirements of modern agricultural production in terms of their performance. The article presents the principle of operation and a mathematical description that allows you to determine the main parameters of the installation. In this work, an analytical research method was used based on the analysis of differential equations describing the processes of cleaning grain from light impurities and dust. To develop a mathematical model, the method of constructing Lagrange mathematical models was applied. On the basis of this model, a number of equations were constructed that characterize: the transition of the potential energy of the grain mass into the kinetic energy of the grain flow; dynamic equation of the equilibrium fall of the grain flow; the volume flow rate of the air flow in the intergranular space, as well as an equation that makes it possible to determine the pressure loss in the air flow passing through the blinds and the average speed of the grains falling. Taking into account the above equations, a mathematical model is built in the form of a system of equations. This mathematical model makes it possible to determine the main design parameters of the new installation: the geometric dimensions of the working area, as well as energy costs for the grain cleaning process. The introduction of the developed installation at the receiving points of the elevators makes it possible to increase the efficiency of grain cleaning from light impurities and dust at low unit costs.

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Zheng, Ji Gui, Hong Xing Wu, Ying Xu, and Ping Zheng. "Position Servo Control Technology Based on Sliding Mode Variable Structure for Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 2342–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.2342.

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The traditional rocket and missile actuator usually uses the hydromantic servo system or pneumatic servo system, because of their better dynamic characteristic and structural adaptability. While with heavy weight, complex structure and expensive cost, it is difficult to realize. The permanent magnet active current servo motor has many advantages, such as high torque, small inertia, high efficiency, the high ratio of power to inertia, cramped construction, firmness, easy maintaining and high reliability. The electrical servo system using the permanent magnet active current servo motor as the power unit satisfies the need of the tactical missile gas vane and air vane servo system, because the range of its transmitted power is wide, its response is quick, and control power is low. This paper analyzed the pole shoe’s shape optimization characteristic against the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor for actuator, presents the design method and main process of permanent magnet synchronous motor for actuator using the field-circuit method. Optimal design can be acquired by the equivalent magnetic circuit method and the finite-element method conveniently and precisely. The analytical result of the prototype motor validated the feasibility of the optimization design.

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Popikov, P., Denis Kanishchev, and A. Sutolkin. "RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES OF WORKING PROCESSES OF BLOCKLESS LOGGING CAPTURE WITH ENERGY-SAVING HYDRAULIC DRIVE." Actual directions of scientific researches of the XXI century: theory and practice 8, no. 1 (October 26, 2020): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/2308-8877-2020-8-1-123-128.

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During the movement of the tractor in the unit with the lockless grabs on the roughness of the terrain on the cuttings there are fluctuations that cause jumps of the working fluid in the hydraulic system. This leads to loss of fluid through the gaps and seals of the moving elements of the pump and hydraulic cylinders. For laboratory studies of these phenomena, a laboratory installation was made with the introduction of a pneumatic-hydraulic accumulator of the A5579-0 series into the hydraulic circuit. Laboratory tests were carried out, which showed that the pneumohydraulic battery allows, due to the energy accumulated during operation, to reduce the pressure spikes of the working fluid in the hydraulic system. This reduces the dynamic load on the metal structure of the grip, the hydraulic pump drive and the tractor transmission, as well as increases the volumetric efficiency. After processing waveforms of operating modes to capture with energy saving hydraulic drive using the program STATISTICA was established replications of individual load magnitudes and histograms of pressure without the use of a hydropneumatic accumulator and to its use. It was found that the energy recovery system reduces the pressure spikes of the working fluid during transients by 1.4-1.7 times and allows you to store power within 1.7 ... 2.1 kW.

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Song, J. H., F. Costanzo, and B. L. Lee. "Fatigue of Cord-Rubber Composites: V. Cord Reinforcement Effect." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 77, no. 4 (September 1, 2004): 593–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547839.

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Abstract Fatigue behavior of cord-rubber composite materials forming the belt region of radial pneumatic tires has been characterized to assess their dependence on stress, strain and temperature history as well as materials composition and construction. Estimated at various levels of stress amplitude were the fatigue life, the extent and rate of resultant strain increase (“dynamic creep”), cyclic strains at failure, and specimen temperature. Reflecting their matrix-dominated failure modes, such as cord-matrix debonding and delamination, composite laminates with different cord reinforcements showed the same S-N relationship as long as they were constructed with the same rubber matrix, the same cord angle, similar cord volume, and the same ply lay-up. The interply shear strain of 2-ply ‘tire belt’ composite laminate under circumferential tension was affected by twisting of specimen due to tension-bending coupling. However, a critical level of interply shear strain, which governs the gross failure of composite laminate due to the delamination, appeared to be independent of different lay-up of 2-ply vs symmetric 4-ply configuration. Because of much lower values of single cycle strength (in terms of gross fracture load per unit width), the composite laminates with larger cord angle and the 2-ply laminates exhibited exponentially shorter fatigue lifetime, at a given stress amplitude, than the composite laminates with smaller cord angle and 4-ply symmetric laminates, respectively. Maximum cyclic strain of composite laminates at failure, which measures the total strain accumulation for gross failure, was independent of stress amplitude and close to the level of static failure strain. For all composite laminates under study, a linear correlation could be established between the temperature rise rate and dynamic creep rate which was, in turn, inversely proportional to the fatigue lifetime.

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Obande, Ogaba Philip. "On the Fundamental Physical Constants: I. Phenomenology." Applied Physics Research 9, no. 5 (August 30, 2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/apr.v9n5p42.

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The fundamental physical constants (FCs) are parametrized. The results reveal that: 1) FCs are field coupling constants. With the exception of ratio of identities such as μ = mp/me, there are no dimensionless constants – all FCs, including Alpha and pi, are dimensional. 2) The constant k = 1.6022 x 10-19 implicates: i) atomic unit of torque, it causes matter’s intrinsic rotation on all (atomic to cosmic) scales; ii) motion of unrestricted bodies through free space and random thermal (Brownian) motion in condensed matter; iii) superluminal space expansion, i.e., Hubble effect is not an acceleration but tangential velocity (pi c) of free space; and iv) common parametric definition of radioactivity and stellar explosion/supernova. 3) Newtonian gravitation comprises two potentials, a spherical pneumatic torque field G1 acts to inflate the gravitational envelope and a combination of force fields G2 impacts an acute hydrostatic pressure on the individual and common envelopes of the gravitating bodies; the two contrary force fields function to create a coherent rigid system in dynamic equilibrium. 4) The bosonic unit mass gravitational acceleration constant, gw = 7.9433 x 1059 m s-2 kg-1 is associated with the strong nuclear force (SNF), it binds matter on all (atomic to cosmic) scales. 5) Although the classical electron radius (CER) formulation re = e2/mec2 yields correct value, it is nonetheless fortuitous as me deviates from the theoretical value by twenty orders of magnitude and theory does not link spatial dimension to electrostatics charge quantum. 6) Successful evaluation of re by three alternative methods implies that an attempt to relegate the CER as currently obtains in the Standard Model seeks to re-engineer reality. 7) Electron bosonic radius identifies with the astronomical unit, it accounts for “spooky” action at a distance and “entanglement” effects. 8) Planck length fails to relate to atomic spatial dimension indicating that Planck space does not refer to the atom. 9) Electric, magnetic and gravitational effects are all motivated by torque but its magnitude differs according to the order: electrical (N m) > magnetic (N m)0.75 > gravitational (N m)0.25. It is submitted that even if the atom degraded with cosmological epoch, values of the FCs would remain fixed because they are parametric relative quantities.

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Naik, Kuldip, Mehran Mehrandezh, and John Barden. "Design, Development and Control of a Hopping Machine – an Exercise in Biomechatronics." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 7, no. 1 (2010): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/746921.

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Hopping is a complicated dynamic behaviour in the animal kingdom. Development of a hopping machine that can mimic the biomechanics of jumping in Homo sapiens is envisioned. In this context, the design, development and control of a cost-effective, pneumatically actuated, one-legged hopping machine were initiated at the University ofRegina in 2005. The pneumatic actuator has a simple design that employs an off-the-shelf on/off control valve which regulates the air pressure supplied to the hopper's body using a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal. The objective is to maintain a constant jumping height in the hopper after going through a finite number of hopping cycles. The mechanistic model of the system was investigated in full detail. This model facilitates: (1) the design of the actuating system, and (2) the synthesis and verification of different control strategies in a simulation environment prior to implementation in the real world. The movement of the hopper is supported by a vertical slide; therefore, the hopper can only jump in place. However, the proposed control strategy and the propulsion unit can be further utilised for stable hopping in a 3-D environment. A model-free Neuro-PD controller was then designed, trained and implemented on a real system. Simulation and experimentation showed promising results. This system can be used as an educational tool for teaching real-time control of hybrid and non-linear systems. It can be also used as a biomechatronics test bed to simulate the effect of different timings in firing action potentials in jump-causing leg muscles on achieving a desired jumping height in the animal kingdom.

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Hussain, Saddam, Decong Zheng, Haiyan Song, Muhammad Usman Farid, Abdul Ghafoor, Xinyi Ba, Hao Wang, Wenjun Wang, Alam Sher, and Salah Jumaa Alshamali. "Computational fluid dynamics simulation and optimisation of the threshing unit of buckwheat thresher for effective cleaning of the cleaning chamber." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 53, no. 1 (March 31, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2022.1230.

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Since a combined harvester’s grain-cleaning method depends on the pneumatic separation of grain and chaff, the airflow’s aerodynamic forces significantly affect cleaning efficiency. Based on buckwheat’s theoretical and mechanical properties, a new threshing drum with cleaning key parts was developed to reduce the variability of cleaning efficiency of buckwheat community threshers caused by inefficient threshing and accumulation of residue within the threshing system. This cleaning arrangement includes two wind speed inlets, each composed of four thin pipes of the same length as the threshing drum. The computational fluid dynamics modelling approach simulated the threshing and cleaning performance at different wind velocities within the threshing unit. The results showed that when the two inlets work simultaneously and adopt different wind speeds, i.e., 12 m/s and 15 m/s, the wind speed is higher than the critical value of the floating rate buckwheat kernel. Under this condition, the wind speed inlet area was increased, and the flow field velocity between the threshing drum and the concave grid plate ranged from 3.8 m/s-8.3 m/s. The flow velocity below the plate ranged from 7 m/s-15 m/s, higher than the floating speed of buckwheat kernels, which was the best choice. Based on these simulation results, a centrifugal fan was designed, which meets the buckwheat thresher’s cleaning performance.

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Jiajun, Zhou, Tian Chun, and Wu Mengling. "Integrated simulation platform for a locomotive braking system." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering, March 24, 2022, 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2020-0202.

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We used a locomotive and a rail car to examine the working principle of a locomotive braking system. We established models of the locomotive braking system, the locomotive dynamics, and the brake disc thermodynamics and, based on the correlation parameters for each subsystem, built an integrated simulation platform for the locomotive braking system based on Simulink and AMESim. Using this platform, we simulated the characteristics of the pneumatic braking unit, the locomotive braking, and temperature increase in the brake disc under emergency braking conditions. We compared our simulation results with experimental data and the results showed that the integrated simulation platform for the locomotive braking system could successfully be used to study locomotive braking control on the vehicle level. We provide a design optimization method for the development of a braking system, the setting of the anti-skid criterion, and early warning of an increase in the brake disc temperature.

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Kim, Jayu, Baeksoon Kwon, Youngnam Park, HyunJong Cho, and Kyongsu Yi. "A control strategy for efficient slip ratio regulation of a pneumatic brake system for commercial vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, August 5, 2021, 095440702110384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09544070211038466.

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This paper presents a control strategy for efficient slip ratio regulation of a pneumatic brake system for commercial vehicles. A model-based estimator for brake pressure estimation has been developed. The braking torque applied to the wheel has been computed using the estimated brake pressure for the control of the wheel slip both in braking and traction situations. The vehicle velocity and wheel slip ratio estimation algorithms have been designed using only wheel speed sensors. The proposed slip regulation algorithm has also been successfully implemented for the antilock braking system (ABS) and traction control system (TCS). In ABS, the slip ratio and wheel acceleration are stabilized by a limit cycle control of the braking pressure. The TCS has been implemented by combining engine torque control and pneumatic brake pressure control. The brake controller is based on the valve switched control that incorporates the wheel dynamics and valve on/off characteristics. The ABS and TCS algorithms are integrated into the slip regulation algorithm to reduce the computation load of an Electrical Control Unit (ECU). Four-wheel independent slip monitoring and slip ratio control algorithms have been implemented on the ECU, and their performance has been investigated via both computer simulations and vehicle tests. Both results show that the proposed algorithms enhance the acceleration and braking performance without vehicle acceleration information. Moreover, the proposed split-mu strategy has improved the lateral stability during braking, and the acceleration performance during accelerating on the split-mu road. It has been shown via vehicle tests that, compared to the reference commercial algorithm, the braking distance was reduced by more than 4% on the split-mu and low-mu roads, and the acceleration performance was improved by 7.9% on the split-mu road.

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Pham, Thao, Cristianne Fernandez, Giles Blaney, Kristen Tgavalekos, Angelo Sassaroli, Xuemei Cai, Steve Bibu, Joshua Kornbluth, and Sergio Fantini. "Noninvasive Optical Measurements of Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation by Inducing Oscillatory Cerebral Hemodynamics." Frontiers in Neurology 12 (November 16, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.745987.

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Objective: Cerebral autoregulation limits the variability of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the presence of systemic arterial blood pressure (ABP) changes. Monitoring cerebral autoregulation is important in the Neurocritical Care Unit (NCCU) to assess cerebral health. Here, our goal is to identify optimal frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (FD-NIRS) parameters and apply a hemodynamic model of coherent hemodynamics spectroscopy (CHS) to assess cerebral autoregulation in healthy adult subjects and NCCU patients.Methods: In five healthy subjects and three NCCU patients, ABP oscillations at a frequency around 0.065 Hz were induced by cyclic inflation-deflation of pneumatic thigh cuffs. Transfer function analysis based on wavelet transform was performed to measure dynamic relationships between ABP and oscillations in oxy- (O), deoxy- (D), and total- (T) hemoglobin concentrations measured with different FD-NIRS methods. In healthy subjects, we also obtained the dynamic CBF-ABP relationship by using FD-NIRS measurements and the CHS model. In healthy subjects, an interval of hypercapnia was performed to induce cerebral autoregulation impairment. In NCCU patients, the optical measurements of autoregulation were linked to individual clinical diagnoses.Results: In healthy subjects, hypercapnia leads to a more negative phase difference of both O and D oscillations vs. ABP oscillations, which are consistent across different FD-NIRS methods and are highly correlated with a more negative phase difference CBF vs. ABP. In the NCCU, a less negative phase difference of D vs. ABP was observed in one patient as compared to two others, indicating a better autoregulation in that patient.Conclusions: Non-invasive optical measurements of induced phase difference between D and ABP show the strongest sensitivity to cerebral autoregulation. The results from healthy subjects also show that the CHS model, in combination with FD-NIRS, can be applied to measure the CBF-ABP dynamics for a better direct measurement of cerebral autoregulation.

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Никитина, И., I. Nikitina, А. Поляков, A. Polyakov, И. Уткин, and I. Utkin. "INSTALLATION OF FORMING WOOD-CONCRETE PLATES." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov, October 14, 2019, 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/article_5da465e18130c2.46410279.

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The article presents an approach to the creation of complex mechanical systems, consisting in a combination of automated design systems of various types. This allows not only implementing multivariate design using CAD-systems, but also achieving optimal design solutions for several criteria simultaneously using CAE-systems. Thus, a multi-criteria design problem can be solved. The article presents new design solutions aimed at improving the performance of the installation for the molding of wood-concrete plates. Calculations are made and the designs are presented: rotary wheel racks, which provide movement of the unit in two mutually perpendicular directions; dosing hopper,a conveyor that dispenses and discharges the finished mortar into the formwork using two pneumatic cylinders; plate forming installation frames; batch hopper frames; conveyor frame.The results of the engineering analysis of the frames for the installation of plate molding, metering hopper and conveyor are presented.Engineering analysis was carried out in the ANSYS CAE system. Engineering analysis included five types of calculations: the calculation of stiffness with the conditions of rigid and elastic fastening; modal; dynamic; thermal and thermal-deformational. The analysis of the obtained calculation results allowed making a conclusion about the insignificance of static and dynamic deformation of the frames. The assessment of the thermal deformation state of the elements of the carrier system of the installation for molding wood-concrete plates showed that the magnitude of the temperature displacements is comparable to the dynamic ones.

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Chavdarov, Anatoliy V. "Special Issue No. – 10, June, 2020 Journal > Special Issue > Special Issue No. – 10, June, 2020 > Page 5 “Quantative Methods in Modern Science” organized by Academic Paper Ltd, Russia MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF THE GENUS GAGEA SALISB., GROWING IN THE EAST KAZAKHSTAN REGION Authors: Zhamal T. Igissinova,Almash A. Kitapbayeva,Anargul S. Sharipkhanova,Alexander L. Vorobyev,Svetlana F. Kolosova,Zhanat K. Idrisheva, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00041 Abstract: Due to ecological preferences among species of the genus GageaSalisb, many plants are qualified as rare and/or endangered. Therefore, the problem of rational use of natural resources, in particular protection of early spring plant species is very important. However, literary sources analysis only reveals data on the biology of species of this genus. The present research,conducted in the spring of 2017-2019, focuses on anatomical and morphological features of two Altai species: Gagealutea and Gagea minima; these features were studied, clarified and confirmed by drawings and photographs. The anatomical structure of the stem and leaf blade was studied in detail. The obtained research results will prove useful for studies of medicinal raw materials and honey plants. The aforementioned species are similar in morphological features, yet G. minima issmaller in size, and its shoots appear earlier than those of other species Keywords: Flora,gageas,Altai species,vegetative organs., Refference: I. Atlas of areas and resources of medicinal plants of Kazakhstan.Almaty, 2008. II. Baitenov M.S. Flora of Kazakhstan.Almaty: Ġylym, 2001. III. DanilevichV. G. ThegenusGageaSalisb. of WesternTienShan. PhD Thesis, St. Petersburg,1996. IV. EgeubaevaR.A., GemedzhievaN.G. The current state of stocks of medicinal plants in some mountain ecosystems of Kazakhstan.Proceedings of the international scientific conference ‘”Results and prospects for the development of botanical science in Kazakhstan’, 2002. V. Kotukhov Yu.A. New species of the genus Gagea (Liliaceae) from Southern Altai. Bot. Journal.1989;74(11). VI. KotukhovYu.A. ListofvascularplantsofKazakhstanAltai. Botan. Researches ofSiberiaandKazakhstan.2005;11. VII. KotukhovYu. The current state of populations of rare and endangered plants in Eastern Kazakhstan. Almaty: AST, 2009. VIII. Kotukhov Yu.A., DanilovaA.N., AnufrievaO.A. Synopsisoftheonions (AlliumL.) oftheKazakhstanAltai, Sauro-ManrakandtheZaisandepression. BotanicalstudiesofSiberiaandKazakhstan. 2011;17: 3-33. IX. Kotukhov, Yu.A., Baytulin, I.O. Rareandendangered, endemicandrelictelementsofthefloraofKazakhstanAltai. MaterialsoftheIntern. scientific-practical. conf. ‘Sustainablemanagementofprotectedareas’.Almaty: Ridder, 2010. X. Krasnoborov I.M. et al. The determinant of plants of the Republic of Altai. Novosibirsk: SB RAS, 2012. XI. Levichev I.G. On the species status of Gagea Rubicunda. Botanical Journal.1997;6:71-76. XII. Levichev I.G. A new species of the genus Gagea (Liliaceae). Botanical Journal. 2000;7: 186-189. XIII. Levichev I.G., Jangb Chang-gee, Seung Hwan Ohc, Lazkovd G.A.A new species of genus GageaSalisb.(Liliaceae) from Kyrgyz Republic (Western Tian Shan, Chatkal Range, Sary-Chelek Nature Reserve). Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity.2019; 12: 341-343. XIV. Peterson A., Levichev I.G., Peterson J. Systematics of Gagea and Lloydia (Liliaceae) and infrageneric classification of Gagea based on molecular and morphological data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.2008; 46. XV. Peruzzi L., Peterson A., Tison J.-M., Peterson J. Phylogenetic relationships of GageaSalisb.(Liliaceae) in Italy, inferred from molecular and morphological data matrices. Plant Systematics and Evolution; 2008: 276. XVI. Rib R.D. Honey plants of Kazakhstan. Advertising Digest, 2013. XVII. Scherbakova L.I., Shirshikova N.A. Flora of medicinal plants in the vicinity of Ust-Kamenogorsk. Collection of materials of the scientific-practical conference ‘Unity of Education, Science and Innovation’. Ust-Kamenogorsk: EKSU, 2011. XVIII. syganovA.P. PrimrosesofEastKazakhstan. Ust-Kamenogorsk: EKSU, 2001. XIX. Tsyganov A.P. Flora and vegetation of the South Altai Tarbagatay. Berlin: LAP LAMBERT,2014. XX. Utyasheva, T.R., Berezovikov, N.N., Zinchenko, Yu.K. ProceedingsoftheMarkakolskStateNatureReserve. Ust-Kamenogorsk, 2009. XXI. Xinqi C, Turland NJ. Gagea. Flora of China.2000;24: 117-121. XXII. Zarrei M., Zarre S., Wilkin P., Rix E.M. Systematic revision of the genus GageaSalisb. (Liliaceae) in Iran.BotJourn Linn Soc.2007;154. XXIII. Zarrei M., Wilkin P., Ingroille M.J., Chase M.W. A revised infrageneric classification for GageaSalisb. (Tulipeae; Liliaceae): insights from DNA sequence and morphological data.Phytotaxa.2011:5. View | Download INFLUENCE OF SUCCESSION CROPPING ON ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF NO-TILL CROP ROTATIONS Authors: Victor K. Dridiger,Roman S. Stukalov,Rasul G. Gadzhiumarov,Anastasiya A. Voropaeva,Viktoriay A. Kolomytseva, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00042 Abstract: This study was aimed at examining the influence of succession cropping on the economic efficiency of no-till field crop rotations on the black earth in the zone of unstable moistening of the Stavropol krai. A long-term stationary experiment was conducted to examine for the purpose nine field crop rotation patterns different in the number of fields (four to six), set of crops, and their succession in crop rotation. The respective shares of legumes, oilseeds, and cereals in the cropping pattern were 17 to 33, 17 to 40, and 50 to 67 %. It has been established that in case of no-till field crop cultivation the economic efficiency of plant production depends on the set of crops and their succession in rotation. The most economically efficient type of crop rotation is the soya-winter wheat-peas-winter wheat-sunflower-corn six-field rotation with two fields of legumes: in this rotation 1 ha of crop rotation area yields 3 850 grain units per ha at a grain unit prime cost of 5.46 roubles; the plant production output return and profitability were 20,888 roubles per ha and 113 %, respectively. The high production profitabilities provided by the soya-winter wheat-sunflower four-field and the soya-winter-wheat-sunflower-corn-winter wheat five-field crop rotation are 108.7 and 106.2 %, respectively. The inclusion of winter wheat in crop rotation for two years in a row reduces the second winter wheat crop yield by 80 to 100 %, which means a certain reduction in the grain unit harvesting rate to 3.48-3.57 thousands per ha of rotation area and cuts the production profitability down to 84.4-92.3 %. This is why, no-till cropping should not include winter wheat for a second time Keywords: No-till technology,crop rotation,predecessor,yield,return,profitability, Refference: I Badakhova G. Kh. and Knutas A. V., Stavropol Krai: Modern Climate Conditions [Stavropol’skiykray: sovremennyyeklimaticheskiyeusloviya]. Stavropol: SUE Krai Communication Networks, 2007. II Cherkasov G. N. and Akimenko A. S. Scientific Basis of Modernization of Crop Rotations and Formation of Their Systems according to the Specializations of Farms in the Central Chernozem Region [Osnovy moderniz atsiisevooborotoviformirovaniyaikh sistem v sootvetstvii so spetsi-alizatsiyeykhozyaystvTsentral’nogoChernozem’ya]. Zemledelie. 2017; 4: 3-5. III Decree 330 of July 6, 2017 the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia “On Approving Coefficients of Converting to Agricultural Crops to Grain Units [Ob utverzhdeniikoeffitsiyentovperevoda v zernovyyee dinitsysel’s kokhozyaystvennykhkul’tur]. IV Dridiger V. K., About Methods of Research of No-Till Technology [O metodikeissledovaniytekhnologii No-till]//Achievements of Science and Technology of AIC (Dostizheniyanaukiitekhniki APK). 2016; 30 (4): 30-32. V Dridiger V. K. and Gadzhiumarov R. G. Growth, Development, and Productivity of Soya Beans Cultivated On No-Till Technology in the Zone of Unstable Moistening of Stavropol Region [Rost, razvitiyeiproduktivnost’ soiprivozdelyvaniipotekhnologii No-till v zone ne-ustoychivog ouvlazhneniyaStavropol’skogokraya]//Oil Crops RTBVNIIMK (Maslichnyyekul’turyNTBVNIIMK). 2018; 3 (175): 52–57. VI Dridiger V. K., Godunova E. I., Eroshenko F. V., Stukalov R. S., Gadzhiumarov, R. G., Effekt of No-till Technology on erosion resistance, the population of earthworms and humus content in soil (Vliyaniyetekhnologii No-till naprotivoerozionnuyuustoychivost’, populyatsiyudozhdevykhcherveyisoderzhaniyegumusa v pochve)//Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 2018; 9 (2): 766-770. VII Karabutov A. P., Solovichenko V. D., Nikitin V. V. et al., Reproduction of Soil Fertility, Productivity and Energy Efficiency of Crop Rotations [Vosproizvodstvoplodorodiyapochv, produktivnost’ ienergeticheskayaeffektivnost’ sevooborotov]. Zemledelie. 2019; 2: 3-7. VIII Kulintsev V. V., Dridiger V. K., Godunova E. I., Kovtun V. I., Zhukova M. P., Effekt of No-till Technology on The Available Moisture Content and Soil Density in The Crop Rotation [Vliyaniyetekhnologii No-till nasoderzhaniyedostupnoyvlagiiplotnost’ pochvy v sevoob-orote]// Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 2017; 8 (6): 795-99. IX Kulintsev V. V., Godunova E. I., Zhelnakova L. I. et al., Next-Gen Agriculture System for Stavropol Krai: Monograph [SistemazemledeliyanovogopokoleniyaStavropol’skogokraya: Monogtafiya]. Stavropol: AGRUS Publishers, Stavropol State Agrarian University, 2013. X Lessiter Frank, 29 reasons why many growers are harvesting higher no-till yields in their fields than some university scientists find in research plots//No-till Farmer. 2015; 44 (2): 8. XI Rodionova O. A. Reproduction and Exchange-Distributive Relations in Farming Entities [Vosproizvodstvoiobmenno-raspredelitel’nyyeotnosheniya v sel’skokhozyaystvennykhorganizatsiyakh]//Economy, Labour, and Control in Agriculture (Ekonomika, trud, upravleniye v sel’skomkhozyaystve). 2010; 1 (2): 24-27. XII Sandu I. S., Svobodin V. A., Nechaev V. I., Kosolapova M. V., and Fedorenko V. F., Agricultural Production Efficiency: Recommended Practices [Effektivnost’ sel’skokhozyaystvennogoproizvodstva (metodicheskiyerekomendatsii)]. Moscow: Rosinforagrotech, 2013. XIII Sotchenko V. S. Modern Corn Cultivation Technologies [Sovremennayatekhnologiyavozdelyvaniya]. Moscow: Rosagrokhim, 2009. View | Download DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF AUTONOMOUS PORTABLE SEISMOMETER DESIGNED FOR USE AT ULTRALOW TEMPERATURES IN ARCTIC ENVIRONMENT Authors: Mikhail A. Abaturov,Yuriy V. Sirotinskiy, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00043 Abstract: This paper is concerned with solving one of the issues of the general problem of designing geophysical equipment for the natural climatic environment of the Arctic. The relevance of the topic has to do with an increased global interest in this region. The paper is aimed at considering the basic principles of developing and the procedure of testing seismic instruments for use at ultralow climatic temperatures. In this paper the indicated issue is considered through the example of a seismic module designed for petroleum and gas exploration by passive seismoacoustic methods. The seismic module is a direct-burial portable unit of around 5 kg in weight, designed to continuously measure and record microseismic triaxial orthogonal (ZNE) noise in a range from 0.1 to 45 Hz during several days in autonomous mode. The functional chart of designing the seismic module was considered, and concrete conclusions were made for choosing the necessary components to meet the ultralow-temperature operational requirements. The conclusions made served for developing appropriate seismic module. In this case, the components and tools used included a SAFT MP 176065 xc low-temperature lithium cell, industrial-spec electronic component parts, a Zhaofeng Geophysical ZF-4.5 Chinese primary electrodynamic seismic sensor, housing seal parts made of frost-resistant silicone materials, and finely dispersed silica gel used as water-retaining sorbent to avoid condensation in the housing. The paper also describes a procedure of low-temperature collation tests at the lab using a New Brunswick Scientific freezing plant. The test results proved the operability of the developed equipment at ultralow temperatures down to -55°C. In addition, tests were conducted at low microseismic noises in the actual Arctic environment. The possibility to detect signals in a range from 1 to 10 Hz at the level close to the NLNM limit (the Peterson model) has been confirmed, which allows monitoring and exploring petroleum and gas deposits by passive methods. As revealed by this study, the suggested approaches are efficient in developing high-precision mobile seismic instruments for use at ultralow climatic temperatures. The solution of the considered instrumentation and methodical issues is of great practical significance as a constituent of the generic problem of Arctic exploration. Keywords: Seismic instrumentation,microseismic monitoring,Peterson model,geological exploration,temperature ratings,cooling test, Refference: I. AD797: Ultralow Distortion, Ultralow Noise Op Amp, Analog Devices, Inc., Data Sheet (Rev. K). Analog Devices, Inc. URL: https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/AD797.pdf(Date of access September 2, 2019). II. Agafonov, V. M., Egorov, I. V., and Shabalina, A. S. Operating Principles and Technical Characteristics of a Small-Sized Molecular–Electronic Seismic Sensor with Negative Feedback [Printsipyraboty I tekhnicheskiyekharakteristikimalogabaritnogomolekulyarno-elektronnogoseysmodatchika s otritsatel’noyobratnoysvyaz’yu]. SeysmicheskiyePribory (Seismic Instruments). 2014; 50 (1): 1–8. DOI: 10.3103/S0747923914010022. III. Antonovskaya, G., Konechnaya, Ya.,Kremenetskaya, E., Asming, V., Kvaema, T., Schweitzer, J., Ringdal, F. Enhanced Earthquake Monitoring in the European Arctic. Polar Science. 2015; 1 (9): 158-167. 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Analytical comparison of seismic instruments for stationary surveys in the Arctic [Sravnitel’nyyanalizseysmicheskoyapparaturydlyastatsionarnykhnablyudeniy v Arktike]. DSYS. URL: https://dsys.ru/upload/id254_docPDF_FranzJosefLand.pdf(Date of access September 2, 2019). X. Dew point temperature calculator. Maple Tech. International LLC. URL: https://www.calculator.net/dew-point-calculator.html?airtemperature=20&airtemperatureunit=celsius&humidity=0.34&dewpoint=&dewpointunit=celsius&x=51&y=14(Date of access September 2, 2019). XI. Frolov, A. S. Matching of wave fields recorded by different geophysical receivers [Soglasovaniyevolnovykhpoley, poluchennykh s primeneniyemrazlichnoyregistriruyushcheyapparatury]. Abstracts IX International scientific and technical conference competition of young specialists “Geophysics-2013”. Saint-Petersburg: Gubkin University, 2013. 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F., Chirkin, I. A., Rizanov, E. G., LeRoy, S. D., Koligaev, S. O. Long-term monitoring of microseismic emissions: Earth tides, fracture distribution, and fluid content. SEG, APPG Interpretation. 2016: 4 (2): T191–T204. XIX. Laverov, N. P., Bogoyavlenskiy, V. I., Bogoyavlenskiy, I. V. Fundamental Aspects of Rational Management of the Petroleum and Gas Resources of the Arctic and the Russian Continental Shelf: Strategy, Prospects, and Problems [Fundamental’nyyeaspektyratsional’nogoosvoyeniyaresursovneftiigazaArktiki I shel’faRossii: strategiya, perspektivyi problem].Arktika: ekologiya I ekonomika [Arctic: Ecology and Economy]. 2016; 2 (22): 4-13. XX. Lee, P. Low Noise Amplifier Selection Guide for Optimal Noise Performance, Analog Devices, Inc., AN-940 Application Note. Analog Devices, Inc. URL: https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/application-notes/AN-940.pdf(Date of access September 2, 2019). XXI. Markatis, N., Polychronopoulou, K., Tselentis, Ak. Passive seismic tomography: A passive concept actively evolving. First Break. 2012; 30 (7): 83-90. XXII. Matveev, I. V. and Matveeva, N. V. Portable seismic recorder “SEISAR-5” with very low energy consumption for autonomous work in harsh climatic conditions [Portativnyyseysmicheskiyregistrator «Seysar-5» s ochen’ nizkimenergopotrebleniyemdlyaavtonomnoyraboty v slozhnykhklimatic heskikhusloviyakh]. Nauka I tekhnologicheskierazrabotki (Science and Technological Developments). 2017; 96 (3): 33-40. [Special Issue “Applied Geophysics: New Developments and Results. Part 1. Seismology and Seismic Exploration]. DOI: 10.21455/std2017.3-3. XXIII. Mishra, R. The Temperature Ratings of Electronic Parts.Electronics Cooling magazine. URL: http://www.electronics-cooling.com/2004/02/the-temperature-ratings-of-electronic-parts(Date of access September 2, 2019). XXIV. Moore, Sue E.; Stabeno, Phyllis J.; Van Pelt, Thomas I. The Synthesis of Arctic Research (SOAR) project. 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View | Download COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH FOOT PATHOLOGY WHO UNDERWENT WEIL OPEN OSTEOTOMY BY CLASSICAL METHOD AND WITHOUT STEOSYNTHESIS Authors: Yuriy V. Lartsev,Dmitrii A. Rasputin,Sergey D. Zuev-Ratnikov,Pavel V.Ryzhov,Dmitry S. Kudashev,Anton A. Bogdanov, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00044 Abstract: The article considers the problem of surgical correction of the second metatarsal bone length. The article analyzes the results of treatment of patients with excess length of the second metatarsal bones that underwent osteotomy with and without osteosynthesis. The results of treatment of patients who underwent metatarsal shortening due to classical Weil-osteotomy with and without osteosynthesis were analyzed. The first group consisted of 34 patients. They underwent classical Weil osteotomy. The second group included 44 patients in whomosteotomy of the second metatarsal bone were not by the screw. When studying the results of the treatment in the immediate postoperative period, weeks 6, 12, slightly better results were observed in patients of the first group, while one year after surgical treatment the results in both groups were comparable. One year after surgical treatment, there were 2.9% (1 patient) of unsatisfactory results in the first group and 4.5% (2 patients) in the second group. Considering the comparability of the results of treatment in remote postoperative period, the choice of concrete method remains with the operating surgeon. Keywords: Flat feet,hallux valgus,corrective osteotomy,metatarsal bones, Refference: I. A novel modification of the Stainsby procedure: surgical technique and clinical outcome [Text] / E. Concannon, R. MacNiocaill, R. Flavin [et al.] // Foot Ankle Surg. – 2014. – Dec., Vol. 20(4). – P. 262–267. II. Accurate determination of relative metatarsal protrusion with a small intermetatarsal angle: a novel simplified method [Text] / L. Osher, M.M. Blazer, S. Buck [et al.] // J. Foot Ankle Surg. – 2014. – Sep.-Oct., Vol. 53(5). – P. 548–556. III. Argerakis, N.G. The radiographic effects of the scarf bunionectomy on rearfoot alignment [Text] / N.G. Argerakis, L.Jr. Weil, L.S. Sr. Weil // Foot Ankle Spec. – 2015. – Apr., Vol. 8(2). – P. 89–94. IV. Bauer, T. Percutaneous forefoot surgery [Text] / T. Bauer // Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res. – 2014. – Feb., Vol. 100(1 Suppl.). – P. S191–S204. V. Biomechanical Evaluation of Custom Foot Orthoses for Hallux Valgus Deformity [Text] // J. Foot Ankle Surg. – 2015. – Sep.-Oct., Vol.54(5). – P. 852–855. VI. Chopra, S. Characterization of gait in female patients with moderate to severe hallux valgus deformity [Text] / S. Chopra, K. Moerenhout, X. Crevoisier // Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon). – 2015. – Jul., Vol. 30(6). – P. 629–635. VII. Computer assisted planning and custom-made surgical guide for malunited pronation deformity after first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis in rheumatoid arthritis: a case report [Text] / M. Hirao, S. Ikemoto, H. Tsuboi [et al.] // Comput. Aided Surg. – 2014. – Vol. 19(1-3). – P. 13–19. VIII. Correlation between static radiographic measurements and intersegmental angular measurements during gait using a multisegment foot model [Text] / D.Y. Lee, S.G. Seo, E.J. Kim [et al.] // Foot Ankle Int. – 2015. – Jan., Vol.36(1). – P. 1–10. IX. Correlative study between length of first metatarsal and transfer metatarsalgia after osteotomy of first metatarsal [Text]: [Article in Chinese] / F.Q. Zhang, B.Y. Pei, S.T. Wei [et al.] // Zhonghua Yi XueZaZhi. – 2013. – Nov. 19, Vol. 93(43). – P. 3441–3444. X. Dave, M.H. Forefoot Deformity in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comparison of Shod and Unshod Populations [Text] / M.H. Dave, L.W. Mason, K. Hariharan // Foot Ankle Spec. – 2015. – Oct., Vol. 8(5). – P. 378–383. XI. Does arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint correct the intermetatarsal M1M2 angle? Analysis of a continuous series of 208 arthrodeses fixed with plates [Text] / F. Dalat, F. Cottalorda, M.H. Fessy [et al.] // Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res. – 2015. – Oct., Vol. 101(6). – P. 709–714. XII. Dynamic plantar pressure distribution after percutaneous hallux valgus correction using the Reverdin-Isham osteotomy [Text]: [Article in Spanish] / G. Rodríguez-Reyes, E. López-Gavito, A.I. Pérez-Sanpablo [et al.] // Rev. Invest. Clin. – 2014. – Jul., Vol. 66, Suppl. 1. – P. S79-S84. XIII. Efficacy of Bilateral Simultaneous Hallux Valgus Correction Compared to Unilateral [Text] / A.V. Boychenko, L.N. Solomin, S.G. Parfeyev [et al.] // Foot Ankle Int. – 2015. – Nov., Vol. 36(11). – P. 1339–1343. XIV. Endolog technique for correction of hallux valgus: a prospective study of 30 patients with 4-year follow-up [Text] / C. Biz, M. Corradin, I. Petretta [et al.] // J. OrthopSurg Res. – 2015. – Jul. 2, № 10. – P. 102. XV. First metatarsal proximal opening wedge osteotomy for correction of hallux valgus deformity: comparison of straight versus oblique osteotomy [Text] / S.H. Han, E.H. Park, J. Jo [et al.] // Yonsei Med. J. – 2015. – May, Vol. 56(3). – P. 744–752. XVI. Long-term outcome of joint-preserving surgery by combination metatarsal osteotomies for shortening for forefoot deformity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis [Text] / H. Niki, T. Hirano, Y. Akiyama [et al.] // Mod. Rheumatol. – 2015. – Sep., Vol. 25(5). – P. 683–638. XVII. Maceira, E. Transfer metatarsalgia post hallux valgus surgery [Text] / E. Maceira, M. Monteagudo // Foot Ankle Clin. – 2014. – Jun., Vol. 19(2). – P.285–307. XVIII. Nielson, D.L. Absorbable fixation in forefoot surgery: a viable alternative to metallic hardware [Text] / D.L. Nielson, N.J. Young, C.M. Zelen // Clin. Podiatr. Med. Surg. – 2013. – Jul., Vol. 30(3). – P. 283–293 XIX. Patient’s satisfaction after outpatient forefoot surgery: Study of 619 cases [Text] / A. Mouton, V. Le Strat, D. Medevielle [et al.] // Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res. – 2015. – Oct., Vol. 101(6 Suppl.). – P. S217–S220. XX. Preference of surgical procedure for the forefoot deformity in the rheumatoid arthritis patients–A prospective, randomized, internal controlled study [Text] / M. Tada, T. Koike, T. Okano [et al.] // Mod. Rheumatol. – 2015. – May., Vol. 25(3). – P.362–366. XXI. Redfern, D. Percutaneous Surgery of the Forefoot [Text] / D. Redfern, J. Vernois, B.P. Legré // Clin. Podiatr. Med. Surg. – 2015. – Jul., Vol. 32(3). – P. 291–332. XXII. Singh, D. Bullous pemphigoid after bilateral forefoot surgery [Text] / D. Singh, A. Swann // Foot Ankle Spec. – 2015. – Feb., Vol. 8(1). – P. 68–72. XXIII. Treatment of moderate hallux valgus by percutaneous, extra-articular reverse-L Chevron (PERC) osteotomy [Text] / J. Lucas y Hernandez, P. Golanó, S. Roshan-Zamir [et al.] // Bone Joint J. – 2016. – Mar., Vol. 98-B(3). – P. 365–373. XXIV. Weil, L.Jr. Scarf osteotomy for correction of hallux abducto valgus deformity [Text] / L.Jr. Weil, M. Bowen // Clin. Podiatr. Med. Surg. – 2014. – Apr., Vol.31(2). – P. 233–246. View | Download QUANTITATIVE ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF THE STOMACH AND SMALL INTESTINE IN HEALTHYDOGS Authors: Roman A. Tcygansky,Irina I. Nekrasova,Angelina N. Shulunova,Alexander I.Sidelnikov, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00045 Abstract: Purpose.To determine the quantitative echogenicity indicators (and their ratio) of the layers of stomach and small intestine wall in healthy dogs. Methods. A prospective 3-year study of 86 healthy dogs (aged 1-7 yrs) of different breeds and of both sexes. Echo homogeneity and echogenicity of the stomach and intestines wall were determined by the method of Silina, T.L., et al. (2010) in absolute values of average brightness levels of ultrasound image pixels using the 8-bit scale with 256 shades of gray. Results. Quantitative echogenicity indicators of the stomach and the small intestine wall in dogs were determined. Based on the numerical values characterizing echogenicity distribution in each layer of a separate structure of the digestive system, the coefficient of gastric echogenicity is determined as 1:2.4:1.1 (mucosa/submucosa/muscle layers, respectively), the coefficient of duodenum and jejunum echogenicity is determined as 1:3.5:2 and that of ileum is 1:1.8:1. Clinical significance. The echogenicity coefficient of the wall of the digestive system allows an objective assessment of the stomach and intestines wall and can serve as the basis for a quantitative assessment of echogenicity changes for various pathologies of the digestive system Keywords: Ultrasound (US),echogenicity,echogenicity coefficient,digestive system,dogs,stomach,intestines, Refference: I. Agut, A. Ultrasound examination of the small intestine in small animals // Veterinary focus. 2009.Vol. 19. No. 1. P. 20-29. II. Bull. 4.RF patent 2398513, IPC51A61B8 / 00 A61B8 / 14 (2006.01) A method for determining the homoechogeneity and the degree of echogenicity of an ultrasound image / T. Silina, S. S. Golubkov. – No. 2008149311/14; declared 12/16/2008; publ. 09/10/2010 III. Choi, M., Seo, M., Jung, J., Lee, K., Yoon, J., Chang, D., Park, RD. Evaluation of canine gastric motility with ultrasonography // J. of Veterinary Medical Science. – 2002. Vol. 64. – № 1. – P. 17-21. IV. Delaney, F., O’Brien, R.T., Waller, K.Ultrasound evaluation of small bowel thickness compared to weight in normal dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2003 Vol. 44, № 5. Р 577-580. V. Diana, A., Specchi, S., Toaldo, M.B., Chiocchetti, R., Laghi, A., Cipone, M. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the small bowel in healthy cats // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. – 2011. – Vol. 52, № 5. – Р. 555-559. VI. Garcia, D.A.A., Froes, T.R. Errors in abdominal ultrasonography in dogs and cats // J. of Small Animal Practice. – 2012. Vol. 53. – № 9. – P. 514-519. VII. Garcia, D.A.A., Froes, T.R. Importance of fasting in preparing dogs for abdominal ultrasound examination of specific organs // J. of Small Animal Practice. – 2014. Vol. 55. – № 12. – P. 630-634. VIII. Gaschen, L., Granger, L.A., Oubre, O., Shannon, D., Kearney, M., Gaschen, F. The effects of food intake and its fat composition on intestinal echogenicity in healthy dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2016. Vol. 57. № 5. P. 546-550 IX. Gaschen, L., Kircher, P., Stussi, A., Allenspach, K., Gaschen, F., Doherr, M., Grone, A. Comparison of ultrasonographic findings with clinical activity index (CIBDAI) and diagnosis in dogs with chronic enteropathies // Veterinary radiology and ultrasound. – 2008. – Vol. 49. – № 1. – Р. 56-64. X. Gil, E.M.U. Garcia, D.A.A. Froes, T.R. In utero development of the fetal intestine: Sonographic evaluation and correlation with gestational age and fetal maturity in dogs // Theriogenology. 2015. Vol. 84, №5. Р. 681-686. XI. Gladwin, N.E. Penninck, D.G., Webster, C.R.L. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the thickness of the wall layers in the intestinal tract of dogs // American Journal of Veterinary Research. 2014. Vol. 75, №4. Р. 349-353. XII. Gory, G., Rault, D.N., Gatel, L, Dally, C., Belli, P., Couturier, L., Cauvin, E. Ultrasonographic characteristics of the abdominal esophagus and cardia in dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2014. Vol. 55, № 5. P. 552-560. XIII. Günther, C.S. Lautenschläger, I.E., Scholz, V.B. Assessment of the inter- and intraobserver variability for sonographical measurement of intestinal wall thickness in dogs without gastrointestinal diseases | [Inter-und Intraobserver-Variabilitätbei der sonographischenBestimmung der Darmwanddicke von HundenohnegastrointestinaleErkrankungen] // Tierarztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere – Heimtiere. 2014. Vol. 42 №2. Р. 71-78. XIV. Hanazono, K., Fukumoto, S., Hirayama, K., Takashima, K., Yamane, Y., Natsuhori, M., Kadosawa, T., Uchide, T. Predicting Metastatic Potential of gastrointestinal stromal tumors in dog by ultrasonography // J. of Veterinary Medical Science. – 2012. Vol. 74. – № 11. – P. 1477-1482. XV. Heng, H.G., Lim, Ch.K., Miller, M.A., Broman, M.M.Prevalence and significance of an ultrasonographic colonic muscularishyperechoic band paralleling the serosal layer in dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2015. Vol. 56 № 6. P. 666-669. XVI. Ivančić, M., Mai, W. Qualitative and quantitative comparison of renal vs. hepatic ultrasonographic intensity in healthy dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2008. Vol. 49. № 4. Р. 368-373. XVII. Lamb, C.R., Mantis, P. Ultrasonographic features of intestinal intussusception in 10 dogs // J. of Small Animal Practice. – 2008. Vol. 39. – № 9. – P. 437-441. XVIII. Le Roux, A. B., Granger, L.A., Wakamatsu, N, Kearney, M.T., Gaschen, L.Ex vivo correlation of ultrasonographic small intestinal wall layering with histology in dogs // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound.2016. Vol. 57. № 5. P. 534-545. XIX. Nielsen, T. High-frequency ultrasound of Peyer’s patches in the small intestine of young cats / T. Nielsen [et al.] // Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. – 2015. – Vol. 18, № 4. – Р. 303-309. XX. PenninckD.G. Gastrointestinal tract. In Nyland T.G., Mattoon J.S. (eds): Small Animal Diagnostic Ultrasound. Philadelphia: WB Saunders. 2002, 2nd ed. Р. 207-230. XXI. PenninckD.G. Gastrointestinal tract. In: PenninckD.G.,d´Anjou M.A. Atlas of Small Animal Ultrasonography. Blackwell Publishing, Iowa. 2008. Р. 281-318. XXII. Penninck, D.G., Nyland, T.G., Kerr, L.Y., Fisher, P.E. Ultrasonographic evaluation of gastrointestinal diseases in small animals // Veterinary Radiology. 1990. Vol. 31. №3. P. 134-141. XXIII. Penninck, D.G.,Webster, C.R.L.,Keating, J.H. The sonographic appearance of intestinal mucosal fibrosis in cats // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. – 2010. – Vol. 51, № 4. – Р. 458-461. XXIV. Pollard, R.E.,Johnson, E.G., Pesavento, P.A., Baker, T.W., Cannon, A.B., Kass, P.H., Marks, S.L. Effects of corn oil administered orally on conspicuity of ultrasonographic small intestinal lesions in dogs with lymphangiectasia // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2013. Vol. 54. № 4. P. 390-397. XXV. Rault, D.N., Besso, J.G., Boulouha, L., Begon, D., Ruel, Y. Significance of a common extended mucosal interface observed in transverse small intestine sonograms // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. 2004. Vol. 45. №2. Р. 177-179. XXVI. Sutherland-Smith, J., Penninck, D.G., Keating, J.H., Webster, C.R.L. Ultrasonographic intestinal hyperechoic mucosal striations in dogs are associated with lacteal dilation // Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. – 2007. Vol. 48. – № 1. – P. 51-57. View | Download EVALUATION OF ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL IN MEDICAL STUDENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF SEASONAL DYNAMICS Authors: Larisa A. Merdenova,Elena A. Takoeva,Marina I. Nartikoeva,Victoria A. Belyayeva,Fatima S. Datieva,Larisa R. Datieva, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00046 Abstract: The aim of this work was to assess the functional reserves of the body to quantify individual health; adaptation, psychophysiological characteristics of the health quality of medical students in different seasons of the year. When studying the temporal organization of physiological functions, the rhythm parameters of physiological functions were determined, followed by processing the results using the Cosinor Analysis program, which reveals rhythms with an unknown period for unequal observations, evaluates 5 parameters of sinusoidal rhythms (mesor, amplitude, acrophase, period, reliability). The essence of desynchronization is the mismatch of circadian rhythms among themselves or destruction of the rhythms architectonics (instability of acrophases or their disappearance). Desynchronization with respect to the rhythmic structure of the body is of a disregulatory nature, most pronounced in pathological desynchronization. High neurotism, increased anxiety reinforces the tendency to internal desynchronization, which increases with stress. During examination stress, students experience a decrease in the stability of the temporary organization of the biosystem and the tension of adaptive mechanisms develops, which affects attention, mental performance and the quality of adaptation to the educational process. Time is shortened and the amplitude of the “initial minute” decreases, personal and situational anxiety develops, and the level of psychophysiological adaptation decreases. The results of the work are priority because they can be used in assessing quality and level of health. Keywords: Desynchronosis,biorhythms,psycho-emotional stress,mesor,acrophase,amplitude,individual minute, Refference: I. Arendt, J., Middleton, B. Human seasonal and circadian studies in Antarctica (Halley, 75_S) – General and Comparative Endocrinology. 2017: 250-259. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.05.010). II. BalandinYu.P. A brief methodological guide on the use of the agro-industrial complex “Health Sources” / Yu.P. Balandin, V.S. Generalov, V.F. Shishlov. Ryazan, 2007. III. Buslovskaya L.K. Adaptation reactions in students at exam stress/ L.K. Buslovskaya, Yu.P. Ryzhkova. Scientific bulletin of Belgorod State University. Series: Natural Sciences. 2011;17(21):46-52. IV. Chutko L. S. Sindromjemocionalnogovygoranija – Klinicheskie I psihologicheskieaspekty./ L.S Chutko. Moscow: MEDpress-inform, 2013. V. Eroshina K., Paul Wilkinson, Martin Mackey. The role of environmental and social factors in the occurrence of diseases of the respiratory tract in children of primary school age in Moscow. Medicine. 2013:57-71. VI. Fagrell B. “Microcirculation of the Skin”. The physiology and pharmacology of the microcirculation. 2013:423. VII. Gurova O.A. Change in blood microcirculation in students throughout the day. New research. 2013; 2 (35):66-71. VIII. Khetagurova L.G. – Stress/Ed. L.G. Khetagurov. Vladikavkaz: Project-Press Publishing House, 2010. IX. Khetagurova L.G., Urumova L.T. et al. Stress (chronomedical aspects). International Journal of Experimental Education 2010; 12: 30-31. X. Khetagurova L.G., Salbiev K.D., Belyaev S.D., Datieva F.S., Kataeva M.R., Tagaeva I.R. Chronopathology (experimental and clinical aspects/ Ed. L.G. Khetagurov, K.D. Salbiev, S.D.Belyaev, F.S. Datiev, M.R. Kataev, I.R. Tagaev. Moscow: Science, 2004. XI. KlassinaS.Ya. Self-regulatory reactions in the microvasculature of the nail bed of fingers in person with psycho-emotional stress. Bulletin of new medical technologies, 2013; 2 (XX):408-412. XII. Kovtun O.P., Anufrieva E.V., Polushina L.G. Gender-age characteristics of the component composition of the body in overweight and obese schoolchildren. Medical Science and Education of the Urals. 2019; 3:139-145. XIII. Kuchieva M.B., Chaplygina E.V., Vartanova O.T., Aksenova O.A., Evtushenko A.V., Nor-Arevyan K.A., Elizarova E.S., Efremova E.N. A comparative analysis of the constitutional features of various generations of healthy young men and women in the Rostov Region. Modern problems of science and education. 2017; 5:50-59. XIV. Mathias Adamsson1, ThorbjörnLaike, Takeshi Morita – Annual variation in daily light expo-sure and circadian change of melatonin and cortisol consent rations at a northern latitude with large seasonal differences in photoperiod length – Journal of Physiological Anthropology. 2017; 36: 6 – 15. XV. Merdenova L.A., Tagaeva I.R., Takoeva E.A. Features of the study of biological rhythms in children. The results of fundamental and applied research in the field of natural and technical sciences. Materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference. Belgorod, 2017, pp. 119-123. XVI. Ogarysheva N.V. The dynamics of mental performance as a criterion for adapting to the teaching load. Bulletin of the Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2014;16:5 (1): S.636-638. XVII. Pekmezovi T. Gene-environment interaction: A genetic-epidemiological approach. Journal of Medical Biochemistry. 2010;29:131-134. XVIII. Rapoport S.I., Chibisov S.M. Chronobiology and chronomedicine: history and prospects/Ed. S.M. Chibisov, S.I. Rapoport ,, M.L. Blagonravova. Chronobiology and Chronomedicine: Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN) Press. Moscow, 2018. XIX. Roustit M., Cracowski J.L. “Non-invasive assessment of skin microvascular function in humans: an insight into methods” – Microcirculation 2012; 19 (1): 47-64. XX. Rud V.O., FisunYu.O. – References of the circadian desinchronosis in students. Ukrainian Bulletin of Psychoneurology. 2010; 18(2) (63): 74-77. XXI. Takoeva Z. A., Medoeva N. O., Berezova D. T., Merdenova L. A. et al. Long-term analysis of the results of chronomonitoring of the health of the population of North Ossetia; Vladikavkaz Medical and Biological Bulletin. 2011; 12(12,19): 32-38. XXII. Urumova L.T., Tagaeva I.R., Takoeva E.A., Datieva L.R. – The study of some health indicators of medical students in different periods of the year. Health and education in the XXI century. 2016; 18(4): 94-97. XXIII. Westman J. – Complex diseases. In: Medical genetics for the modern clinician. USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006. XXIV. Yadrischenskaya T.V. Circadian biorhythms of students and their importance in educational activities. Problems of higher education. Pacific State University Press. 2016; 2:176-178. View | Download TRIADIC COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Authors: Stanislav A.Kudzh,Victor Ya. Tsvetkov, DOI: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00047 Abstract: The present study of comparison methods based on the triadic model introduces the following concepts: the relation of comparability and the relation of comparison, and object comparison and attributive comparison. The difference between active and passive qualitative comparison is shown, two triadic models of passive and active comparison and models for comparing two and three objects are described. Triadic comparison models are proposed as an alternative to dyadic comparison models. Comparison allows finding the common and the different; this approach is proposed for the analysis of the nomothetic and ideographic method of obtaining knowledge. The nomothetic method identifies and evaluates the general, while the ideographic method searches for unique in parameters and in combinations of parameters. Triadic comparison is used in systems and methods of argumentation, as well as in the analysis of consistency/inconsistency. Keywords: Comparative analysis,dyad,triad,triadic model,comparability relation,object comparison,attributive comparison,nomothetic method,ideographic method, Refference: I. AltafS., Aslam.M.Paired comparison analysis of the van Baarenmodel using Bayesian approach with noninformativeprior.Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research 8(2) (2012) 259{270. II. AmooreJ. E., VenstromD Correlations between stereochemical assessments and organoleptic analysis of odorous compounds. Olfaction and Taste (2016) 3{17. III. BarnesJ., KlingerR. Embedding projection for targeted cross-lingual sentiment: model comparisons and a real-world study. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 66 (2019) 691{742. doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.11561 IV. Castro-SchiloL., FerrerE.Comparison of nomothetic versus idiographic-oriented methods for making predictions about distal outcomes from time series data. Multivariate Behavioral Research 48(2) (2013) 175{207. V. De BonaG.et al. Classifying inconsistency measures using graphs. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 66 (2019) 937{987. VI. FideliR. La comparazione. Milano: Angeli, 1998. VII. GordonT. F., PrakkenH., WaltonD. The Carneades model of argument and burden of proof. Artificial Intelligence 10(15) (2007) 875{896. VIII. GrenzS.J. The social god and the relational self: A Triad theology of the imago Dei. Westminster: John Knox Press, 2001. IX. HermansH.J. M.On the integration of nomothetic and idiographic research methods in the study of personal meaning.Journal of Personality 56(4) (1988) 785{812. X. JamiesonK. G., NowakR. Active ranking using pairwise comparisons.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (2011) 2240{2248. XI. JongsmaC.Poythress’s triad logic: a review essay. Pro Rege 42(4) (2014) 6{15. XII. KärkkäinenV.M. Trinity and Religious Pluralism: The Doctrine of the Trinity in Christian Theology of Religions. London: Routledge, 2017. XIII. KudzhS. A., TsvetkovV.Ya. Triadic systems. Russian Technology Magazine 7(6) (2019) 74{882. XIV. NelsonK.E.Some observations from the perspective of the rare event cognitive comparison theory of language acquisition.Children’s Language 6 (1987) 289{331. XV. NiskanenA., WallnerJ., JärvisaloM.Synthesizing argumentation frameworks from examples. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 66 (2019) 503{554. XVI. PührerJ.Realizability of three-valued semantics for abstract dialectical frameworks.Artificial Intelligence 278 (2020) 103{198. XVII. SwansonG.Frameworks for comparative research: structural anthropology and the theory of action. In: Vallier, Ivan (Ed.). Comparative methods in sociology: essays on trends and applications.Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971 141{202. XVIII. TsvetkovV.Ya.Worldview model as the result of education.World Applied Sciences Journal 31(2) (2014) 211{215. XIX. TsvetkovV. Ya. Logical analysis and variable scales. Slavic Forum 4(22) (2018) 103{109. XX. Wang S. et al. Transit traffic analysis zone delineating method based on Thiessen polygon. Sustainability 6(4) (2014) 1821{1832. View | Download DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGY OF CREATING WEAR-RESISTANT CERAMIC COATING FOR ICE CYLINDER." JOURNAL OF MECHANICS OF CONTINUA AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES spl10, no. 1 (June 28, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.10/2020.06.00048.

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