Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pneumatic spindle

Academic literature on the topic 'Pneumatic spindle'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023
Last updated: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Pneumatic spindle"

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Gao, Si Yu, Hui Ding, and Kai Cheng. "An Integrated Approach to the Design and Analysis of an Ultra-High Speed Air-Bearing Spindle." Materials Science Forum 723 (June 2012): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.723.227.

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This paper presents an integrated approach to the design and analysis of an ultra-high speed air bearing spindle, by integrating the structural design, performance analysis and system optimization in a virtual design environment. Firstly, the ultra-high speed air bearing spindle is designed, including grooved hybrid air bearing, helical water cooling channel and built-in motor, etc; Subsequently, pneumatic hammer instability and whirl instability of air bearing are studied; The thermal-structural behaviors of the spindle system at ultra-high speeds are investigated by using structural FEA coupled CFD; Static and dynamic performance of spindle is studied to predict the stiffness, modes and natural frequencies of the spindle; Lastly, system optimizations are conducted to obtain optimal performance and dynamic behaviors of the spindle. The proposed integrated approach can be used to design an optimal ultra-high speed air bearing spindle.
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Saga, Norihiko, Kunio Shimada, Douhaku Inamori, Naoki Saito, Toshiyuki Satoh, and Jun-ya Nagase. "Smart Pneumatic Artificial Muscle Using a Bend Sensor like a Human Muscle with a Muscle Spindle." Sensors 22, no. 22 (November 19, 2022): 8975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228975.

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Shortage of labor and increased work of young people are causing problems in terms of care and welfare of a growing proportion of elderly people. This is a looming social problem because people of advanced ages are increasing. Necessary in the fields of care and welfare, pneumatic artificial muscles in actuators of robots are being examined. Pneumatic artificial muscles have a high output per unit of weight, and they are soft, similarly to human muscles. However, in previous research of robots using pneumatic artificial muscles, rigid sensors were often installed at joints and other locations due to the robots’ structures. Therefore, we developed a smart actuator that integrates a bending sensor that functions as a human muscle spindle; it can be externally attached to the pneumatic artificial muscle. This paper reports a smart artificial muscle actuator that can sense contraction, which can be applied to developed self-monitoring and robot posture control.
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Віштак, Інна Вікторівна, and Валерій Іванович Савуляк. "Increased rigidity and technological possibilities of the spindle with pneumatic supports." Technology audit and production reserves 5, no. 7(25) (September 22, 2015): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2312-8372.2015.51474.

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Oliinyk, Katerina. "Тhe operability analysis of spindle-motor hybrid electromechanical systems." Mechanics and Advanced Technologies 5, no. 1 (June 23, 2021): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2521-1943.2021.5.1.225414.

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Motor-spindles are belong to a special class of complex dynamic systems of natural and natural-anthropogenic origin, which can be realized both translational and rotational motion, and represent a variety of developing species. Such systems are used in metalworking complexes, lathes, milling, drilling, grinding, multi-purpose and other machines. In modern designs of spindle units rolling bearings, hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, gas-static (aerostatic), gas-dynamic (aerodynamic), magnetic bearings and their combinations (hybrids) are used, for example, gas-magnetic (gas-static bearings with a magnetic suspension that allows to provide rotational frequencies) up to 10-20 thousand rpm, and in drilling and milling and grinding up to 100-200 thousand rpm and above. With the further development of technology in the machine-building industry, motor-spindles began to appear, which are able to realize the movement of the feed by means of gears and couplings, using pneumatic systems. They are also able to realize the movement of in using hydraulic systems, using screw gears. The design concepts of hybrid and combined the motor spindles, received by results of structural anticipation on the basis of use of innovative synthesis methods of hybrid electromechanical systems are considered. Results of mechanical calculations of rigidity and electromagnetic calculations are presented in the article. On the ground of the calculation data the operability analysis of the electromechanical systems of motor spindles is made. To develop a morphological model, functional features were selected, which are systematized and divided into three groups in accordance with the modular principle.
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KATO, Tomonori, Genki HIGASHIJIMA, Takanori YAZAWA, Tatsuki OTUBO, Yusuke NOZAKI, and Katsutoshi TANAKA. "Rotation Control of Air Turbine Spindle using High Precision, Quick Response Pneumatic Pressure Regulator." TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN FLUID POWER SYSTEM SOCIETY 45, no. 1 (2014): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5739/jfps.45.8.

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KATO, Tomonori, Genki HIGASHIJIMA, Takanori YAZAWA, Tatsuki OTUBO, Yusuke NOZAKI, and Katsutoshi TANAKA. "Rotation Control of Air Turbine Spindle using High Precision, Quick Response Pneumatic Pressure Regulator." JFPS International Journal of Fluid Power System 7, no. 1 (2014): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5739/jfpsij.7.9.

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Ruslyakov, Dmitry. "ACOUSTIC MODELS OF THE MAIN SOURCES OF NOISE OF MULTI-SPINDLE DRILLING WOODWORKING MACHINE." VOLUME 39, VOLUME 39 (2021): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36336/akustika20213910.

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The harmful factors in the woodworking industry include the increased noise level in the workplace. This is especially true when working with multi-spindle drilling woodworking machines. The main sources of noise include the constant speed of drills, the geometric shape of the motor and the body of the cutting units, as well as the pneumatic feed mechanism of the cutting units or workpieces. The article presents a theoretical justification of noise sources, which allowed us to obtain the equation of sound power of noise sources in general form. The acoustic calculation of the main noise sources was performed using the obtained formulas. The obtained acoustic models of the main noise sources showed that the practical calculation of sound pressure levels or sound power is actually reduced to determining the vibration rates on the natural vibration forms of the sources.
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Sahni, Ramesh K., Rakesh Ranjan, Lav R. Khot, Gwen-Alyn Hoheisel, and Matthew J. Grieshop. "Reservoir Units Optimization in Pneumatic Spray Delivery-Based Fixed Spray System for Large-Scale Commercial Adaptation." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (August 31, 2022): 10843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710843.

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A pneumatic spray delivery (PSD)-based solid set canopy delivery system (SSCDS) consists of in-line reservoirs and micro-emitter assemblies distributed throughout perennial crop canopies. The existing PSD-based SSCDS uses a large number of reservoirs, i.e., one unit per 3 m of linear spacing, which resulted in high installation and maintenance costs. These reservoirs also produces up to 25% post-spray chemical losses. Therefore, this study aimed to optimize the volumetric capacity and functionality of the existing reservoir for an efficient spray performance and the large-scale commercial adaptation of PSD-based SSCDS. Three reservoirs with volumetric capacities of 370 (1×), 740 (2×), and 1110 mL (3×) were developed to cover a spray span of 3.0, 6.1, and 9.1 m, respectively. Five system configurations with modified reservoirs and spray outlets were evaluated in the laboratory for pressure drop and spray uniformity. The three best system configurations were then field evaluated in a high-density apple orchard. These configurations had reservoirs with 1×, 2×, and 3× volumetric capacity and micro-emitters installed in a three-tier arrangement. Each replicate configuration was installed as a 77 m loop length encompassing 50 apple trees trained in a tall spindle architecture. A pair of water-sensitive paper (WSPs) samplers (25.4 × 25.4 mm) were placed on the abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces in the bottom, middle, and top third of the canopy to evaluate the spray coverage (%). The PSD-based SSCDS showed no significant difference at the 5% level in terms of coverage among the three reservoir treatments. Coverage was more evenly distributed among the top, middle, and bottom zones for the 2× and 3× as compared to the 1× reservoir treatment. Overall, compared to the 1× reservoirs, the 2× and 3× reservoirs could potentially reduce the system costs by USD 20,000 and USD 23,410 ha−1, respectively, for tall spindle apple orchards and potentially reduce maintenance needs as well.
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Kim, Bo-Sung, Gyeong-Tae Bae, Gwi-Nam Kim, Hong-Man Moon, Jung-Pil Noh, and Sun-Chul Huh. "A STUDY ON THE THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GRINDING MACHINE APPLIED HYDROSTATIC BEARING." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 39, no. 3 (September 2015): 717–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2015-0057.

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In order to activate the high precision and multi-functional machine tool, adequate technical level of the high-precision products is required. The hydrostatic bearings is used as a method for producing the high-precision products. The hydrostatic bearing has a relatively small run-out compared to its shape error by fluid film effect in hydrostatic state similar to pneumatic bearing and has high stiffness, load capacity and damping characteristics. In this study, we conducted a study on the thermal deformation of the grinding machine that has a great influence on the machining accuracy of the product. The temperature of the front bearing is 10°C or higher than the temperature of the rear bearing. Thermal deformation of the spindle was found to be dependent on the temperature of the hydrostatic bearing and could identify the overall thermal characteristics of the grinding machine.
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Pottinger, M. G. "Uniformity: A Crucial Attribute of Tire/Wheel Assemblies." Tire Science and Technology 38, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 24–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.3298682.

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Abstract Good ride, acceptable comfort for passengers, is a required attribute for all road vehicles particularly automobiles and light trucks. The tire/wheel assembly is a critical component in providing good ride. Indeed, obtaining good ride was the crucial factor that drove the invention of and rapid popularization of the pneumatic tire. Today, the ride effect of tires is often thought of in two ways. The first is in terms of the transmission of vibration produced by the interaction of the tire with road surface irregularities, harshness. The second is in terms of tire structural irregularity generated energy transmitted during operation on a smooth road, uniformity. Both types of energy share the dynamic properties of the tire structure though they differ in source. This paper concentrates primarily on uniformity induced vibration particularly at the frequency of tire rotation, but does touch on harshness to a small degree, when the sharing of structural dynamics makes it appropriate. This review of the subject of force uniformity includes the effect of wheels, as wheels contribute to the vibration that reaches the vehicle spindle. Balance is touched on only as it affects force uniformity in well-balanced assemblies. This is not a treatise on balancing. A suggestion is made, which should, if practical, greatly improve the installed uniformity of tire/wheel assemblies.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pneumatic spindle"

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Horák, Vítězslav. "Konstrukce frézovací hlavy pro CNC soustruh s nastavitelným sklonem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417456.

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This thesis deals with design of CNC lathe milling head with B axis. Thesis includes research in CNC turning machines, their tool systems and overview of manufacturers of milling B axis. It also includes calculation of machining forces, design of spindle and design of B axis including necessary calculations. Part of this thesis is also 3D model and assembly drawing, 2 manufacturing drawings and list of items.
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TAVERNARI, MIRCO. "Ricerca e sviluppo di metodologie e strumenti a supporto della progettazione di elettromandrini e di mandrini ad aria compressa." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/590124.

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Noble, Steven A. "Does continuous passive motion of the ankle applied with a pneumatic robot alter spinal cord excitability?" Thesis, 2017. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/8640.

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Background: Spasticity of the ankle can occur in multiple sclerosis and stroke, and can significantly reduce quality of life by impeding walking and other activities of daily living. Robot driven continuous passive motion (CPM) of the ankle may be a beneficial rehabilitation strategy for lower limb spasticity management, but, objective measures of decreased spasticity and improved locomotion remains uncertain. Additionally, the acute and chronic effects of CPM on spinal cord excitability are unknown. Objectives: To evaluate: 1) the acute changes in spinal cord excitability induced by 30 min of CPM at the ankle joint, in neurologically intact individuals and in those with lower limb spasticity; and, 2) chronic training-induced effects of 6 weeks of bilateral CPM training on reflex excitability and locomotion in those with lower limb spasticity. Methods: Spinal cord excitability was assessed using Hoffmann (H-) reflex recruitment curves, collected immediately before and following 30 min of CPM of the right (neurologically intact) or more affected (clinical) ankle. A multiple baseline repeated measures study design was used to assess changes following 18 bilateral CPM training sessions. Spasticity and locomotion were assessed using the Modified Ashworth Scale, the 10 m Walk test, and the Timed Up and Go test. Results: Twenty-one neurologically intact (6 female, 15 male, mean age 24.5 ± 1.7y) and 9 participants with spasticity (3 female, 6 male, mean age 58.9 ± 9.7y) due to various neurological conditions including stroke (n=4), MS (n=3), spinal cord injury (n=1), and cerebral palsy (n=1). In the neurologically intact group, CPM produced a bi-directional modulation of H-reflex creating ‘facilitation’ (n=12) (31.4 ± 20.9% increase in H-reflex amplitude) and ‘suppression’ (n=9) (32.9 ± 21.0% decrease in H-reflex amplitude) groups. In the clinical participants, acute CPM before training significantly increased H-reflex recruitment curve variables H@Thres and H@50; but there was no significant effect of acute CPM post-training. Baseline reflex excitability following training was reduced on the MA side for H@Thres, H@50 and H@100 by 96.5 ± 7.7%, 90.9 ± 9.2%, and 62.9 ± 21.1%, respectively. On the less affected side there was a significant decrease in H@Thres and H@50 by 83.4 ± 29.0% and 76.0 ± 28.3%. Time to complete the 10 m Walk Test was not different (5.2 ± 7.9% change, p = 0.06), and time to complete the Timed Up and Go was decreased (9.5 ± 12.3% change, p = 0.05). Spasticity of the ankle plantar flexor muscles, assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale, was reduced in 4 participants with spasticity. Conclusion: Acute and chronic CPM of the ankle can significantly alter spinal cord excitability. CPM training may be a useful strategy to decrease spasticity of the ankle plantar flexors.
Graduate
2018-09-15
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Book chapters on the topic "Pneumatic spindle"

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Hitzmann, Arne, Shuhei Ikemoto, and Koh Hosoda. "Highly-Integrated Muscle-Spindles for Pneumatic Artificial Muscles Made from Conductive Fabrics." In Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems, 171–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24741-6_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pneumatic spindle"

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Harris, Paul, Barbara Linke, and Stephen Spence. "A Numerical Investigation of a Miniature Pneumatic Spindle Turbine." In BATH/ASME 2016 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2016-1759.

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The design and numerical simulation of a radial inflow turbine for a micromachining spindle is described. The spindle design specifications require the turbine stage to produce approximately 120W of power at a nominal design speed of 100,000 rpm. The aerodynamic and structural performance of the turbine stage is assessed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Finite Element (FE) simulations. A number of options to reduce rotor weight and inertia while maintaining high efficiency are investigated. Finally, as machine tool spindles are typically required to operate over a wide range of torque loads and speeds, the part-load aerodynamic performance of the turbine is also assessed.
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Soltys, Joseph, and Sara Wilson. "A Pneumatic Vibrator Created Using Rapid Prototyping Technology for the fMRI Environment." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53777.

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Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) promises to grant motor control researchers opportunities to more directly explore neuromotor system dynamics including the role of proprioception. The effects of vibration on proprioception have been well documented including changes in perceived muscle length and lengthening velocity and altered muscle spindle organ firing [1–4]. As such, the combination of vibration of the muscle-tendon with fMRI of the brain can be used to better understand how proprioceptive signals are managed in the brain. However, the strength of the magnetic environment of the fMRI does not easily allow for traditional vibration technologies, such as a DC motor with offset mass, to be used to create the necessary vibratory stimulus to perturb the proprioceptive system. Several researchers have nonetheless successfully designed and implemented various vibration devices to probe the brain in the fMRI environment [5–7].
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Xi, Du, Fang Zhou, Liu Bo, and Zhang Jun-an. "Research on Laval Nozzle and Overall Simulation Analysis Based on High Speed Precision Air Bearing Spindle Pneumatic Turbine System." In Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Precision Machining, Non-Traditional Machining and Intelligent Manufacturing (PNTIM 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/pntim-19.2019.43.

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Wang, Shih-Chun, and Kuang-Yuh Huang. "Research and Development of Minitype Twin-Bladed Air Turbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59702.

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In order to improve the machining efficiency of ultra-precision and micro fabrication technology, a high speed spindle is essential for the minitype tools widely applied in systems such as PCB drilling machines, micro fabrication machines, dental handpieces, etc. To realize the high speed performance, the air driven turbine is verified to be more feasible than the electromagnetic actuator. Furthermore, the operational efficiency and quality of the high speed spindle are significantly influenced by the turbine blades and the bearings respectively. Through detailed configurational studies and performance analyses on diverse minitype turbine blades, we have derived the efficiency- and quality-influential parameters. And based on optimization results, we have developed a novel type of twin bladed air turbine (TB-air turbine), which consists of two parallel blades with an angular offset. The offseted twin blades can efficiently and smoothly transform pneumatic energy into rotational energy. Therefore, steady driving force and less dynamic unbalance are able to be easily achieved for reducing nervous disturbances such as vibration, noise, and wear. By applying finite element analytical method, the operational performances and quality of the new developed twin bladed air turbine such as rotational speed, torque, vibration and noise were analyzed for comprehending influences of the design parameters and the operational parameters. While the inlet angle, the blade shape and its geometric parameters are the dominant design parameters; the inlet pressure and mass flow rate, and the outlet pressure are the main operational parameters. Through the turbine blades, the pneumatic energy will be transformed into operational energy in form of the flow field and the pressure distribution and the energy loss in form of turbulence. Also by integrating knowledge of production technology, a neat design of the turbine blades suitable for automatic manufacturing process is developed. And furthermore, through an elaborate layout of the flow guiding, a minimum rotational runout can be effectively achieved without any complicate and costly dynamic balancing process. Consequently, it has significantly depressed the stream noise and raised the operation lifetime of bearings. According to our experimental verification, the vibration and the stream noise of our TB-air turbines are 60% and 50% lower than traditional counterparts respectively. Our developed minitype spindle with novel TB-air turbine can efficiently realize high speed rotation with high torque, less vibration and less noise.
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Kato, Tomonori. "A review of HPR and its applications: Control of air turbine spindle and hybrid electro-pneumatic ultra-precision vertical positioning stage." In 2015 International Conference on Fluid Power and Mechatronics (FPM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fpm.2015.7337141.

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Kumar, Akshay, S. M. Ishtiaque, and K. R. Salhotra. "Compact Spinning: A Critical Review." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-55321.

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Compact spinning is a novel concept generated through re-engineering of established ring spinning process by attaching a pneumatic zone to existing ring spinning machine. Compact spinning achieves a remarkable improvement in yarn quality and yarn structure through better utilization of fibre properties. The advantageous yarn characteristics provide better opportunities for cost savings in subsequent processing stages. Another interesting aspect is the possibility of developing new textile products using compact spinning. There are three major manufacturers in the field of compact spinning machines namely, Sussen (Elite spinning), Rieter (Comfor spin), and Zinser (Air-Com- Tex 700). First launch of Elite spinning machine in India faced a setback due to few practical problems like inadequate lubricating film on ring (does not allow the maximum spindle speed to be achieved), higher maintenance cost, higher labour cost and apron clogging due to accumulation of fly. However, with further developments compact spinning will certainly be the future of ring spinning, on account of its higher productivity and yarn quality.
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Palanivelu, Sakthivel, and Krishna Kumar Ramarathnam. "Synthesis of Structure Borne Vehicle Interior Noise due to Tire/Road Interaction." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46083.

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The pneumatic tire is one of the important sources of noise and vibration in a vehicle. Modern vehicles have implemented good preventive and control measures for power unit and aerodynamic NVH. Hence, the tire/road interaction has become a dominant source. Riegel and Wiedemann [1] have reported the dominance of tire/road interaction over engine and wind sources, in contributing to vehicle interior noise. Vehicle interior noise due to tire/road interaction consists of two components, namely structure borne noise caused due to low frequency excitation (below 500 Hz) and air borne component which are due to mid and high frequency excitation (above 500 Hz). Experimental Transfer Path Analysis (TPA) is a tool to identify whether the source or transmission path needs to be altered for reducing the cabin noise. This paper describes the successful implementation of experimental TPA to synthesize structure borne vehicle interior noise due to tire/road interaction on a sedan class passenger car. As a first step, the required local structural Frequency Response Functions (FRFs) and Noise Transfer Functions (NTFs) are determined in the laboratory for the vehicle without tire/wheel assembly by hammer impact test, by hitting at the spindle interface (paths). The second step is to repeat the test with tire/wheel assembly by an impact on the tire at the contact patch to get the same set of structural FRFs. The third step is to conduct a road test. The operational acceleration responses as well as interior sound pressure levels are measured for both engine on and off conditions for the same measurement points considered during the laboratory tests. These operational data are further combined with local structural FRFs of the vehicle to estimate the operational loads at the transfer paths using matrix inversion method. Then, the NTFs are multiplied with operational loads to synthesis the contribution of individual paths to the total structure borne vehicle interior noise. Lastly, path and vector contribution analysis are carried out from the TPA results to identify the critical paths for the critical frequencies. Moreover in this work the TPA is not only used to synthesize the structure borne interior noise, but also to estimate the road input excitation. Hence the tire force transmissibility from contact patch to vehicle spindle is determined. The estimated road excitation can be used in a parametric study to address the influence of tire design in contributing to structure borne vehicle interior noise.
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Bharambe, Ganesh, Prakash Dabeer, Kumar Digambar Sapate, and Suresh M. Sawant. "Energy Savings for Sustainability of Machining Process." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53295.

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Processing of metals in industries is lifeline of economy of country, which helps to shape the country. Energy saving in this process is attributed to both the parts ie process of machining and energy consumed in machine tools itself. The process of material removal had experienced lot of improvements in last few decades. This consists of developments in pre-machining processes, metal cutting methods and developments in cutting theories and cutting tools. Cutting fluid is one of challenging field to yield more favourable results. Manufacturing practices beyond its existing limits, process and machine automations, using the previous data for improving machinabilities, optimizing through relative benchmarks (a market driven schemes) shall lead the manufacturing speed to a new high. Adaptibility of manufacturing set up to absorb new requirement will also be a controlling factor for acceleration of manufacturing processes. This paper discusses the efforts to reduce the energy to produce a product. Various methods are discussed to minimize the energy consumed for driving the machine components such as spindle, feeding device, lubricating system, cutting fluid system, indexing and tooling management, speed and feed controlling devices etc. Different requirements such as friction energy in braking action, speed reducing or cushioning will also consume certain amount of energy during its operations. Therefore one has to understand the various types of energy flows and classification of energy forms used from place to place. Study of constructional features of machines brings a lot of opportunities for savings in energy. The concepts of material handling, fluid handling like hydraulic and pneumatic circuits, lubrication system, shall also provide the opportunities for savings in energy consumption. Energy used for working of accessories whether they are required at that particular moments needs to be considered from time to time. There are few more methods for locating the chances for arresting the energy wastages and reducing specific energy consumption referring a particular process or function. Previous data generated for similar functions can be referred for comparison and efforts can be added to reduce the requirement of energy. Efficient and effective utilization of equipment shall open a fresh path for finding the energy reductions. Sustainability of machining processes can be ensured for future using the lean energy utilizations for productions. Authors have explained the live cases to demonstrate reduction in energy consumption. Few potential guidelines are also narrated in this line. Further few cases are discussed from literature survey which support and will help to pursue the target.
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Fang, Liyun, Enyi Xu, Weiyi Zhou, and Kun Zhou. "A Mechanism and Control Design of Flexible Spine driven by Pneumatic Artificial Muscles." In 2022 International Conference on Computer Engineering and Artificial Intelligence (ICCEAI). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icceai55464.2022.00110.

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Durfee, William K., and Adam Rivard. "Preliminary Design and Simulation of a Pneumatic, Stored-Energy, Hybrid Orthosis for Gait Restoration." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60075.

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Loss of mobility due to lower limb paralysis is a common result of thoracic level spinal cord injury (SCI). Functional electrical stimulation (FES) can restore primitive gait in the vicinity of a wheelchair by using electrical stimulation to generate muscle contractions. A new concept for FES-assisted gait is presented that combines electrical stimulation with an orthosis that contains a fluid power system to store and transfer energy during the gait cycle. The Energy Storage Orthosis (ESO) can be driven through a complete gait cycle using only stimulation of the quadriceps muscles. The conceptual design of the ESO was completed and implemented in a dynamic simulation model and in a benchtop prototype for engineering measurements. No studies were conducted with human subjects. The results demonstrate the potential of the ESO concept and the validity of the simulation model as a means for designing the system.
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