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Journal articles on the topic 'PN transition'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

MUKUND, MADHAVAN. "PETRI NETS AND STEP TRANSITION SYSTEMS." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 03, no. 04 (December 1992): 443–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054192000231.

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Labelled transition systems are a simple yet powerful formalism for describing the operational behaviour of computing systems. They can be extended to model concurrency faithfully by permitting transitions between states to be labelled by a collection of actions, denoting a concurrent step. Petri nets (or Place/Transition nets) give rise to such step transition systems in a natural way—the marking diagram of a Petri net is the canonical transition system associated with it. In this paper, we characterize the class of PN-transition systems, which are precisely those step transition systems generated by Petri nets. We express the correspondence between PN-transition systems and Petri nets in terms of an adjunction between a category of PN-transition systems and a category of Petri nets in which the associated morphisms are behaviour-preserving in a strong and natural sense.

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2

Klos, Mariel. "The transition from PN to EN." Clinical Nutrition 21 (August 2002): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-5614(02)80022-x.

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3

Yamamoto, Takafumi, Takeshi Yajima, Zhi Li, Takateru Kawakami, Kousuke Nakano, Takami Tohyama, Takehiko Yagi, Yoji Kobayashi, and Hiroshi Kageyama. "Pressure-Induced Collapse Transition in BaTi2Pn2O (Pn = As, Sb) with an Unusual Pn–Pn Bond Elongation." Inorganic Chemistry 60, no. 4 (January 27, 2021): 2228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02989.

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4

Van de Steene, G. C., and P. A. M. Van Hoof. "Infrared observations of candidate post-AGB transition objects." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 180 (1997): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900131468.

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In our search for new obscured PN, candidates were selected from the IRAS PSC based on their infrared colors that are typical for PN. These PN candidates were observed in the radio. On average 20 % of the objects were detected (Van de Steene & Pottasch: 1993, A&A 274, 895; 1995, A&A 299, 238). Optical spectroscopy showed that the PN candidates detected in the radio have emission line spectra typical of PN (Van de Steene et al. 1996a A&AS 118, 243; 1996b A&AS in press).

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5

Villaver, Eva, Letizia Stanghellini, Arturo Manchado, Guillermo García-Segura, and Alvio Renzini. "The Effects of Transition Time on the Populations of Post-AGB Stars, and on the Nebular Evolution." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 209 (2003): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900208322.

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We show how the different assumptions on the transition time (the time lag between the superwind quenching at the AGB and the illumination of the Planetary Nebula [PN]) reflect into very different theoretical outcomes, both in the characteristics of the stellar remnants, and in the evolution of the nebular shells.We use a Monte Carlo simulation of post-AGB stars with a set of assumptions on the transition time, to show the effect on the resulting location of the stars on the HR diagram, and on the derived core mass distributions.We have also performed numerical simulations of the PN formation process, and investigated the effects of the transition time on the resulting PN structure. We found that the transition time determines not only the size of the PN shell, but also its dynamical evolution.We show the important implications that the transition time has on the observable parameters during the PN stage.

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6

Hurley, Edward, Valerie Zabala, Joan M. Boylan, Philip A. Gruppuso, and Jennifer A. Sanders. "Hepatic Gene Expression During the Perinatal Transition in the Rat." Gene Expression 19, no. 1 (December 14, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/105221618x15293258688953.

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During the immediate postnatal (PN) period, the liver, with its role in energy metabolism and macromolecule synthesis, plays a central role in the perinatal transition. Using RNA microarrays and several complementary computational analyses, we characterized changes in hepatic gene expression in the rat across a developmental period starting with the late gestation fetus (embryonic day 21), and including 30 min PN, 4 h PN, 12 h PN, 1 day PN, and 1 week after birth. Following subtle changes in gene expression at the earliest PN time point, there were marked changes that occurred between 4 and 12 h after birth. These reflected changes in multiple metabolic pathways, with expression of enzymes involved in glycolysis and cholesterol synthesis showing the greatest change. Over 50% of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes changed in the first 7 days of PN life, with 25% changing within the first 24 h. We also observed changes coinciding with a transient period of synchronous hepatocyte proliferation that we had observed previously, which occurs during the first PN week. Analysis for upstream regulators of gene expression indicated multiple initiating factors, including cell stress, hormones, and cytokines. Also implicated were multiple canonical transcription factor networks. We conclude that changes in gene expression during the early phases of the perinatal transition involve a complex, choreographed network of signaling pathways that respond to a variety of environmental stimuli. This transcriptomic response during the immediate PN period reflects a complex metabolic adaptive response that incorporates a panoply of signaling pathways and transcriptional regulators.

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7

Azkarate, Igor, Mikel Ayani, Juan Carlos Mugarza, and Luka Eciolaza. "Petri Net-Based Semi-Compiled Code Generation for Programmable Logic Controllers." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (August 3, 2021): 7161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11157161.

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Industrial discrete event dynamic systems (DEDSs) are commonly modeled by means of Petri nets (PNs). PNs have the capability to model behaviors such as concurrency, synchronization, and resource sharing, compared to a step transition function chart or GRAphe Fonctionnel de Commande Etape Transition (GRAFCET) which is a particular case of a PN. However, there is not an effective systematic way to implement a PN in a programmable logic controller (PLC), and so the implementation of such a controller outside a PLC in some external software that will communicate with the PLC is very common. There have been some attempts to implement PNs within a PLC, but they are dependent on how the logic of places and transitions is programmed for each application. This work proposes a novel application-independent and platform-independent PN implementation methodology. This methodology is a systematic way to implement a PN controller within industrial PLCs. A great portion of the code will be validated automatically prior to PLC implementation. Net structure and marking evolution will be checked on the basis of PN model structural analysis, and only net interpretation will be manually coded and error-prone. Thus, this methodology represents a systematic and semi-compiled PN implementation method. A use case supported by a digital twin (DT) is shown where the automated solution required by a manufacturing system is carried out and executed in two different devices for portability testing, and the scan cycle periods are compared for both approaches.

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8

Kohoutek, L. "New and Misclassified Planetary Nebulae." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 155 (1993): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900169980.

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This fourth supplementary list to the CGPN (Perek, Kohoutek, 1967) contains 81 new objects (Table 1) which were published mainly between 1987 and 1990. We did not include as new PN those objects, which are in a transition phase between AGB and PN (no emission lines), and possible post-PN namely objects having central stars on the evolutionary way to WD and without nebulae. The possible pre–PN are summarized in a separate incomplete list as an Appendix to Table 1.

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9

Memaran, Shahriar, Nihar R. Pradhan, Zhengguang Lu, Daniel Rhodes, Jonathan Ludwig, Qiong Zhou, Omotola Ogunsolu, et al. "Pronounced Photovoltaic Response from Multilayered Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides PN-Junctions." Nano Letters 15, no. 11 (November 2, 2015): 7532–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03265.

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10

Ahn, Jongtae, Pyo Jin Jeon, Syed Raza Ali Raza, Atiye Pezeshki, Sung-Wook Min, Do Kyung Hwang, and Seongil Im. "Transition metal dichalcogenide heterojunction PN diode toward ultimate photovoltaic benefits." 2D Materials 3, no. 4 (October 14, 2016): 045011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/3/4/045011.

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11

Qin, Zhi, Tianrui Bai, and Linhua Liu. "Spectral transition properties of the A1Π-X1Σ+ system for PN." Chemical Physics Letters 782 (November 2021): 139028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2021.139028.

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12

Bender, Eve. "Training Directors Can Ease IMGs' Cultural Transition." Psychiatric News 40, no. 9 (May 6, 2005): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.40.9.00400040.

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13

Percus, Ora E. "Phase transition in one-dimensional random walk with partially reflecting boundaries." Advances in Applied Probability 17, no. 3 (September 1985): 594–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1427121.

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We consider an asymmetric random walk, with one or two boundaries, on a one-dimensional lattice. At the boundaries, the walker is either absorbed (with probability 1–ρ) or reflects back to the system (with probability p).The probability distribution (Pn(m)) of being at position m after n steps is obtained, as well as the mean number of steps before absorption. In the one-boundary case, several qualitatively different asymptotic forms of Pn(m) result, depending on the relationship between transition probability and the reflection probability.

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14

Zhou, Liyuan, Åsa M. Hallquist, Mattias Hallquist, Christian M. Salvador, Samuel M. Gaita, Åke Sjödin, Martin Jerksjö, et al. "A transition of atmospheric emissions of particles and gases from on-road heavy-duty trucks." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 3 (February 12, 2020): 1701–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1701-2020.

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Abstract. The transition, in extent and characteristics, of atmospheric emissions caused by the modernization of the heavy-duty on-road fleet was studied utilizing roadside measurements. Emissions of particle number (PN), particle mass (PM), black carbon (BC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), particle size distributions, and particle volatility were measured from 556 individual heavy-duty trucks (HDTs). Substantial reductions in PM, BC, NOx, CO, and to a lesser extent PN were observed from Euro III to Euro VI HDTs by 99 %, 98 %, 93 %, and 57 % for the average emission factors of PM, BC, NOx, and CO, respectively. Despite significant total reductions in NOx emissions, the fraction of NO2 in the NOx emissions increased continuously from Euro IV to Euro VI HDTs. Larger data scattering was evident for PN emissions in comparison to solid particle number (SPN) for Euro VI HDTs, indicating a highly variable fraction of volatile particle components. Particle size distributions of Euro III to enhanced environmentally friendly vehicle (EEV) HDTs were bimodal, whereas those of Euro VI HDTs were nucleation mode dominated. High emitters disproportionately contributed to a large fraction of the total emissions with the highest-emitting 10 % of HDTs in each pollutant category being responsible for 65 % of total PM, 70 % of total PN, and 44 % of total NOx emissions. Euro VI HDTs, which accounted for 53 % of total kilometres driven by Swedish HDTs, were estimated to only contribute to 2 %, 6 %, 12 %, and 47 % of PM, BC, NOx, and PN emissions, respectively. A shift to a fleet dominated by Euro VI HDTs would promote a transition of atmospheric emissions towards low PM, BC, NOx, and CO levels. Nonetheless, reducing PN, SPN, and NO2 emissions from Euro VI HDTs is still important to improve air quality in urban environments.

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15

Bongini, Lorenzo, Luca Melli, Vincenzo Lombardi, and Pasquale Bianco. "Transient kinetics measured with force steps discriminate between double-stranded DNA elongation and melting and define the reaction energetics." Nucleic Acids Research 42, no. 5 (December 17, 2013): 3436–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt1297.

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Abstract Under a tension of ∼65 pN, double-stranded DNA undergoes an overstretching transition from its basic (B-form) conformation to a 1.7 times longer conformation whose nature is only recently starting to be understood. Here we provide a structural and thermodynamic characterization of the transition by recording the length transient following force steps imposed on the λ-phage DNA with different melting degrees and temperatures (10–25°C). The shortening transient following a 20–35 pN force drop from the overstretching force shows a sequence of fast shortenings of double-stranded extended (S-form) segments and pauses owing to reannealing of melted segments. The lengthening transients following a 2–35 pN stretch to the overstretching force show the kinetics of a two-state reaction and indicate that the whole 70% extension is a B-S transition that precedes and is independent of melting. The temperature dependence of the lengthening transient shows that the entropic contribution to the B-S transition is one-third of the entropy change of thermal melting, reinforcing the evidence for a double-stranded S-form that maintains a significant fraction of the interstrand bonds. The cooperativity of the unitary elongation (22 bp) is independent of temperature, suggesting that structural factors, such as the nucleic acid sequence, control the transition.

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16

Levin, Aaron. "Peer Counseling, Family Education Could Ease Vets' Transition." Psychiatric News 42, no. 11 (June 2007): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.42.11.0004a.

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17

Rosack, Jim. "Continuity of Care Lost In Transition to Carveout." Psychiatric News 38, no. 11 (June 6, 2003): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.38.11.0022.

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18

Kaang, Shinyoung, Jaepyoung Cho, Seungjai Kim, Changwoon Nah, and Choon Tack Cho. "Friction and Wear of Rubber Compounds Containing Powdered Polynorbornene Vulcanizate." Journal of Polymer Engineering 18, no. 1-2 (March 1, 1998): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-1998-1-208.

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Abstract An investigation on the frictional performance of a natural rubber compound containing polynorbomene (PN) vulcanizate powder was carried out at various temperatures between -20°C and 60°C. The glass transition temperature, Tg, of the PN vulcanizate was 15°C. At temperatures below its Tg, the frictional coefficient of the composite significantly increased to the extent of 10% with a 10 phr addition of PN vulcanizate powder, while the wear rates were not greatly affected. The wear behavior of the composite was strongly dependent on the frictional work input.

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19

Moran, Mark. "Court Rejects Suit Seeking To Halt Part D Transition." Psychiatric News 41, no. 3 (February 3, 2006): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.41.3.0027a.

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20

Moran, Mark. "Medicaid Patients Suffer Most From Part D Transition Problems." Psychiatric News 41, no. 5 (March 3, 2006): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.41.5.0001a.

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21

Hanke, Andreas. "Denaturation transition of stretched DNA." Biochemical Society Transactions 41, no. 2 (March 21, 2013): 639–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20120298.

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In the last two decades, single-molecule force measurements using optical and magnetic tweezers and atomic force spectroscopy have dramatically expanded our knowledge of nucleic acids and proteins. These techniques characterize the force on a biomolecule required to produce a given molecular extension. When stretching long DNA molecules, the observed force–extension relationship exhibits a characteristic plateau at approximately 65 pN where the DNA may be extended to almost twice its B-DNA length with almost no increase in force. In the present review, I describe this transition in terms of the Poland–Scheraga model and summarize recent related studies.

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22

Moran, Mark. "Lawsuit Challenges Medicare Part D Transition Plan For Dual Eligibles." Psychiatric News 40, no. 24 (December 16, 2005): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.40.24.0001a.

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23

Lehmann, Christine. "Legislation Aims to Hasten Transition To Electronic Health Information System." Psychiatric News 39, no. 16 (August 20, 2004): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.39.16.0390008b.

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24

Cheng, Hao, Ai-Jie Mao, Si-Min Yang, Hao Tian, Si-Yu Jin, Miao Yu, and Xiao-Yu Kuang. "Semiconductor-to-metal reconstructive phase transition and superconductivity of anti-perovskite Ca3PN under hydrostatic pressure." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 37 (2020): 13072–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc02507k.

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25

Ratajczak, Marek. "TRANSITION OF NEW POLITICAL SYSTEM IN THE LIGHT OF INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMICS." Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, no. 493 (2017): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/pn.2017.493.01.

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26

Zervas, Chris E., and Robert S. Crosson. "Pn observation and interpretation in Washington." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 76, no. 2 (April 1, 1986): 521–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0760020521.

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abstract The travel-time characteristics of Pn waves in the state of Washington were investigated using regional earthquakes as seismic sources and stations of the state-wide University of Washington telemetered network as receivers. There is a significant difference in upper mantle velocity between eastern Washington (8.20 ± 0.02 km/sec) and western Washington (7.79 ± 0.02 km/sec). Modifications of the time-term method were used to find the dependence of P velocity on distance and azimuth to the source. Pn velocity in eastern Washington depends on the distance to the source, implying a velocity gradient with depth in the upper mantle. No significant distance dependence was found for western Washington. Azimuthal anisotropy was found for Pn with a northwest direction of maximum velocity in eastern Washington and a north-northwest direction in western Washington. Assuming no lateral crustal velocity gradients, the Pn refracting interface dips to the west approximately 0.8° in eastern Washington and to the southeast approximately 3.2° in western Washington. Contour maps of the station time terms indicate significant variations in crustal structure across the state. The combination of low Pn velocity and small Moho dip beneath western Washington suggests that the subducting lithospheric slab underlying the continental margin lies below the level of transition to upper mantle velocity over much of this region.

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27

Hirai, Takayuki, Kenzo Fukumori, Taiji Ikawa, and Tetsuya Oda. "Polyamide 6 and high molecular weight phenol novolac blend having excellent mechanical properties in humid conditions." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 32, no. 6 (June 10, 2018): 778–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705718780195.

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Polymer blends of polyamide 6 (PA6) and phenol novolac (PN) were prepared by melt mixing. Up to 30 wt% of high molecular weight PN (HPN) or low molecular weight PN (LPN) was blended with PA6, and the physical and mechanical properties were examined. The water absorption of PA6 is inhibited by PN, and this effect is independent of the molecular weight of PN. PA6 and PN are miscible, and their blends show a single glass transition temperature ( T g) that is higher than that of PA6. HPN can enhance the T g of PA6 more efficiently than LPN because of its high T g. PA6 and the PA6/LPN blend after immersion in water had lower-than-room-temperature T gs transitioning to rubbery states. In contrast, the PA6/HPN blend after immersion in water had a higher-than-room-temperature T g. The PA6/HPN blend in water has excellent mechanical properties in its glassy state compared to those of PA6 in the dry state. Thus, the PA6/HPN blend can be used to broaden the applications of PA6, especially in humid conditions.

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28

Ishibashi, S. "Magnetoresistive effect in transition region of PN junction and its application circuits." Journal of the Magnetics Society of Japan 11, no. 2 (1987): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3379/jmsjmag.11.429.

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29

Ishibashi, S. "Magnetoresistive Effect in Transition Region of PN Junction and Its Application Circuits." IEEE Translation Journal on Magnetics in Japan 3, no. 3 (March 1988): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tjmj.1988.4563687.

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30

Qin, Z., J. M. Zhao, and L. H. Liu. "Energy levels, transition dipole moment, transition probabilities and radiative lifetimes for low-lying electronic states of PN." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 227 (April 2019): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2019.02.002.

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31

CRIPPA, D., K. SIMON, and P. TRUNZ. "Markov Processes Involving q-Stirling Numbers." Combinatorics, Probability and Computing 6, no. 2 (June 1997): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963548397002964.

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In this paper we consider the Markov process defined byP1,1=1, Pn,[lscr ]=(1−λn,[lscr ]) ·Pn−1,[lscr ] +λn,[lscr ]−1 ·Pn−1,[lscr ]−1for transition probabilities λn,[lscr ]=q[lscr ] and λn,[lscr ]=qn−1. We give closed forms for the distributions and the moments of the underlying random variables. Thereby we observe that the distributions can be easily described in terms of q-Stirling numbers of the second kind. Their occurrence in a purely time dependent Markov process allows a natural approximation for these numbers through the normal distribution. We also show that these Markov processes describe some parameters related to the study of random graphs as well as to the analysis of algorithms.

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32

Stanghellini, Letizia, and Alvio Renzini. "Synthetic P-AGB Evolution." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 155 (1993): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900172092.

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Extensive Montecarlo simulations of Post-Asymptotic Giant Branch (P-AGB) populations have been constructed, exploring the effects of various assumptions on synthetic H-R diagrams, luminosity functions, and inferred mass distributions. Such assumptions include the IMF, the initial mass-final mass relation, the AGB to PN transition time, the duration of the planetary nebula (PN) stage, etc. We have also investigated how the observational errors in luminosity and temperature propagate into the inferred mass distribution of the P-AGB stars.

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33

Cheng, Hao, Ai-Jie Mao, Si-Min Yang, Hao Tian, Si-Yu Jin, Miao Yu, and Xiao-Yu Kuang. "Correction: Semiconductor-to-metal reconstructive phase transition and superconductivity of anti-perovskite Ca3PN under hydrostatic pressure." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 37 (2020): 13090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc90190c.

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Correction for ‘Semiconductor-to-metal reconstructive phase transition and superconductivity of anti-perovskite Ca₃PN under hydrostatic pressure’ by Hao Cheng et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0tc02507k.

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34

Binding, Samantha C., Jennifer C. Green, Zoë R. Turner, Jean-Charles Buffet, and Dermot O'Hare. "Synthesis, characterisation and redox properties of anti-bimetallic permethylpentalene complexes." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 13 (2019): 4263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt05054f.

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35

Cárdenas, Mónica W. Blanco, Roberto Vázquez, Hans Ulrich Kaeufl, Marco A. Gómez-Muñoz, Pedro F. Guillén, Martín A. Guerrero, and Luis F. Miranda. "Exploring the transition into an asymmetric planetary nabulae." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S323 (October 2016): 363–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317001211.

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AbstractWe present studies using different observational techniques, along different frequencies, aiming to resolve and investigate jets, outflows, as well as compact and innermost regions of asymmetric planetary nebulae (PNe) and objects in transition to PN. All the information gathered allow us to explore the kinematics and other important properties of the structures that play a crucial role in the shaping of complex PNe morphologies, in particular, we explore the role of disks/tori as collimating engine of extreme axisymmetric PNe.

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36

Wei, Yangjie, Shiliang Fang, Xiaoyan Wang, and Shuxia Huang. "Blind Estimation of the PN Sequence of A DSSS Signal Using A Modified Online Unsupervised Learning Machine." Sensors 19, no. 2 (January 16, 2019): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19020354.

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Direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) signals are now widely used in air and underwater acoustic communications. A receiver which does not know the pseudo-random (PN) sequence cannot demodulate the DSSS signal. In this paper, firstly, the principle of principal component analysis (PCA) for PN sequence estimation of the DSSS signal is analyzed, then a modified online unsupervised learning machine (LEAP) is introduced for PCA. Compared with the original LEAP, the modified LEAP has the following improvements: (1) By normalizing the system state transition matrices, the modified LEAP can obtain better robustness when the training errors occur; (2) with using variable learning steps instead of a fixed one, the modified LEAP not only converges faster but also has excellent estimation performance. When the modified LEAP is converging, we can utilize the network connection weights which are the eigenvectors of the autocorrelation matrix of the DSSS signal to estimate the PN sequence. Due to the phase ambiguity of the eigenvectors, a novel approach which is based on the properties of the PN sequence is proposed here to exclude the wrong estimated PN sequences. Simulation results showed that the methods mentioned above can estimate the PN sequence rapidly and robustly, even when the DSSS signal is far below the noise level.

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37

Hearn, Thomas M., and Robert W. Clayton. "Lateral velocity variations in Southern California. II. Results for the lower crust from Pn waves." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 76, no. 2 (April 1, 1986): 511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0760020511.

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abstract A tomographic inversion of the Pn arrivals in Southern California yields new information about wave velocities and topography on the Moho discontinuity. We produce maps of Pn velocity and Pn station delays. The Pn velocities do not show the dramatic correlation with surface faults that is found for the shallower Pg arrivals (Hearn and Clayton, 1986). This implies that the lower crust and mantle are largely decoupled from the upper crust. Undoubtedly, this is due to the different responses of the brittle upper crust and the ductile lower crust to tectonic and isostatic stresses. Detachment faults must play an important role in separating the crust. In general, velocities on the American plate are higher than on the Pacific plate, but no distinct transition is observed. The Colorado River region has extremely thin crust due to basin-and-range type extension. The Transverse Ranges have a small root as seen in the station delays and which also results in slightly lower Pn velocities there. The Peninsula Ranges also have slow Pn velocities, but they do not have late station delays. Any root to the Peninsula Ranges must be very narrow. Isostatic balance must be maintained primarily through lateral density contrasts.

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38

Jasniewicz, G., and A. Acker. "Precataclysmic Binaries in the Centre of Planetary Nebulae." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 155 (1993): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900171852.

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We report at first on two old and large planetary nebulae (PN) of which central stars could satisfy the Ritter's criteria (1986) for being precataclysmic binaries: LoTr5 and Abell 35. Both nebulae have probably been ejected as a consequence of common-envelope evolution. A model of cataclysmic binary (CB) for the central star of Abell 35 has been tentatively attempted by Acker and Jasniewicz (1990). The nucleus of LoTr5 is a triple star (Jasniewicz et al., 1987; Malasan et al., 1991): action of a third body on the separation of the close binary could make this binary evolve into a CB (see Mazeh and Shaham, 1979). We report at second on the similarity between the spectrum of the central star of the extended PN HFG1 with that of a CB (Acker and Stenholm, 1990). The PN cited above could be fundamental objects just at the transition between the stage PN and the stage CB.

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39

Stern, Julian. "Home parenteral nutrition and the psyche: psychological challenges for patient and family." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 65, no. 3 (August 2006): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2006497.

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The paper discusses the case histories of three patients who have faced the emotional implications of being initiated onto long-term parenteral nutrition (PN). In each case the patient's personal and family history, relationship to their illness and the presence or relative absence of resentments and grievances have influenced their ability to tolerate the training and the transition to home PN (HPN). In addition, the emotional importance of food and feeding from a developmental and social perspective is explored, together with the numerous psychological and social ‘losses’ experienced by all patients on PN and the adaptations required within the family setting. The ‘meaning’ of PN to the individual and the need for both internal and external support are identified and, based on clinical experience, a number of features are described that may be indicative of the relative abilities of different patients to cope with HPN. Finally, the role of a dedicated Psychological Medicine Unit closely allied to a nutrition service is discussed.

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40

Pottasch, S. R., C. Bignell, R. Olling, and A. A. Zijlstra. "Planetary Nebulae Near the Galactic Center I: Method of Discovery and Preliminary Results." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 131 (1989): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900137635.

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A method is described for finding planetary nebulae. Use is made of the far infrared IRAS colors and radio continuum measurements. The method is applied here to a region within 15° of the galactic center. The first results are given, including 36 new PN. The characteristics of the nebulae are described. While they are generally similar to known nebulae, the method of selection gives an emphasis to younger objects. A substantial number of the new nebulae may be in the transition phase between OH/IR stars and PN.

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41

Bettegowda, A., O. V. Patel, J. Yao, J. J. Ireland, and G. W. Smith. "242 POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF JY-1 mRNA ABUNDANCE DURING THE BOVINE OOCYTE-TO-EMBRYO TRANSITION." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 18, no. 2 (2006): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv18n2ab242.

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Oocyte-expressed genes play key roles in folliculogenesis and early embryonic development. The function of JY-1, a novel gene specifically expressed in bovine oocytes and early embryos, is unknown. We previously reported the expression pattern of JY-1 mRNA during meiotic maturation and early embryogenesis. The objective of this study was to elucidate the post-transcriptional regulation of JY-1 mRNA during oocyte maturation and early embryogenesis. For investigation of changes in length of JY-1 transcripts during the oocyte-to-embryo transition, total RNA isolated from germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes, metaphase II (MII) oocytes, and pronucleus (PN) stage embryos (300 oocytes/embryos per time point) was subjected to Northern blot analysis. Three major JY-1 transcripts of different length (approximately 1.8 kb, 1.2 kb, and 700 bp) were detected in GV oocytes. The size of all transcripts was decreased at MII, and PN stages by approximately 100 to 200 bp. The intermediate sized transcript was predominant at GV, MII and PN stages. Based on these initial qualitative results focused solely on changes in transcript size, we then conducted more detailed quantitative studies (using real-time PCR) focused on characterization of temporal changes in abundance of polyadenylated versus total JY-1 transcripts during early development. Total RNA samples isolated from GV and MII oocytes and from embryos at PN, 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, 16-cell, morula, and blastocyst stage (n = 5 pools of 10 oocytes/embryos per time point) were divided into two equal aliquots. One aliquot was reverse transcribed into cDNA with oligo dT primers for quantification of polyadenylated transcripts and the other aliquot was transcribed with random hexamers (RH) for quantification of total transcripts. Amounts of polyadenylated JY-1 mRNA decreased during meiotic maturation (P < 0.0001), were increased (P < 0.05) at the PN and 4-cell stages relative to the MII stage, and then decreased to nearly undetectable levels after the 16-cell stage of embryo development. In contrast, amount of total JY-1 transcripts gradually decreased from PN through 16-cell stages to nearly undetectable levels thereafter. To confirm that the up-regulation of polyadenylated JY-1 mRNA in early developing embryos was not due to de novo transcription, alpha-amanitin was used to block the RNA polymerase II enzyme during the window of the first (24-13 h post-fertilization) or the second (33-14 h post-fertilization) embryonic cell cycle, and embryos at the 2-cell and 4-cell stages were collected (n = 4 pools of 10 embryos per time point). No significant changes were observed in abundance of JY-1 mRNA in control versus alpha-amanitin treated embryos. We conclude that JY-1 transcripts decrease in length during meiotic maturation and that polyadenylated JY-1 mRNAs detected in early developing embryos are oocyte-derived and not due to de novo transcription in early embryos. This work was supported by the Rackham Foundation and the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station.

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42

Wolfe, Jonathan. "EHR Transition Disrupted Pediatric MH Screenings." Psychiatric News 47, no. 7 (April 6, 2012): 10b—33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.47.7.psychnews_47_7_10-b.

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43

Ma, Shi Hui, Cai Zhe Hao, and Xian Jiang. "Influences of Phosphorous Gettering on Minority Carrier Lifetime Distribution of Polycrystalline Silicon Wafer." Advanced Materials Research 569 (September 2012): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.569.229.

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The influences of the phosphorus gettering in PN junction formation on the distribution of minority carrier lifetime of polycrystalline silicon wafer in solar cell production process were studied. The experimental results shows that the distribution of internal defects and impurities in polycrystalline silicon wafer significantly impact on the effectiveness of the phosphorus gettering during preparation of PN junction through the phosphorus diffusion technology. Especially when the impurities were transition metal elements, it caused a large difference of the phosphorus gettering effectiveness in PN junction preparation, which was due to the presence and interaction of defects and impurities on polycrystalline silicon wafer, such as grain boundaries, dislocations, oxygen and carbon, and other metal elements. In addition, the uneven distribution of impurities and defects of also influenced the phosphorus gettering effectiveness.

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44

Schurr, J. Michael. "A Possible Cooperative Structural Transition of DNA in the 0.25–2.0 pN Range." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 119, no. 21 (May 13, 2015): 6389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b03174.

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45

Singh, Markandey. "Vibrational transition probabilities, $$\bar r$$ -centroids and PE-curves for OH and PN." Astrophysics and Space Science 138, no. 1 (1987): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00642865.

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46

Winter, Florian, Rainer Pöttgen, Magnus Greiwe, and Tom Nilges. "Lithium transition metal pnictides – structural chemistry, electrochemistry, and function." Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry 35, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revic-2014-0003.

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AbstractLithium-transition metal (T)-pnictides (Pn=P, As, Sb, Bi) are an interesting class of materials with greatly differing crystal structures. The transition metal and pnictide atoms build up covalently bonded networks that leave cavities or channels for the lithium atoms. Depending on the bonding of lithium to the polyanionic network, one observes mobility of the lithium atoms. The crystal chemistry, chemical bonding, 7Li solid-state NMR, and the electrochemical behavior of the pnictides are reviewed. The structural chemistry is compared with related tetrelides.

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47

Clegg, R. E. S. "Abundances in Planetary Nebulae." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 131 (1989): 139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900137726.

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Good progress has been made since the last Symposium on the determination of planetary nebulae (PN) abundances. Notable features for modern abundance determinations include the availability of good collision strengths and transition probabilities (reviewed by C. Mendoza (1983) at the last meeting - IAU Symp.103), the use of the IUE & IRAS satellites to obtain UV & IR line fluxes, and the availability of modern sensitive detectors enabling measurements both of faint extra galactic nebulae and of very weak abundance-indicator lines in nearby bright nebulae. The impact of IUE on PN studies was described by Köppen & Aller (1987).

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48

Macaulay, Casper M., Takahiko Ogawa, Robert McDonald, Orson L. Sydora, Mark Stradiotto, and Laura Turculet. "A comparative analysis of hydrosilative amide reduction catalyzed by first-row transition metal (Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) N-phosphinoamidinate complexes." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 26 (2019): 9581–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt04221g.

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49

Hartke, Johanna, Magda Arnaboldi, Alessia Longobardi, Ortwin Gerhard, Ken Freeman, and Sadanori Okamura. "The halo of M49 and its environment as traced by planetary nebulae." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S323 (October 2016): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317000709.

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AbstractWe investigate the stellar halo of the nearby elliptical Virgo-cluster galaxy M49 using Planetary Nebulae (PNe). M49 is the second-brightest galaxy of the Virgo cluster and is at the center of the Virgo subcluster B. We present an extended catalogue extracted from a narrow-band survey carried out with Subaru’s Suprime Cam, consisting of 735 PNe down to a limiting magnitude of m5007 = 29.3. This PNe population traces the halo out to 155 kpc from the galaxy’s center, which provides accurate measurement of the luminosity-specific PN-number (α-parameter) in the inner and outer regions of M49’s halo. We are also able to determine the morphological variation of the planetary nebulae luminosity function (PNLF), that may trace different parent stellar populations. This enables us to identify the transition from the PN-scarce, possibly metal-rich, galaxy halo to the PN-rich, metal-poor, outer component.

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50

Herpin, Fabrice, A. Baudy, E. Josselin, C. Thum, and H. Wiesemeyer. "Magnetic fields in AGB stars and (proto-) Planetary Nebulae." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 4, S259 (November 2008): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921309030051.

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AbstractDuring its quick transition to the Planetary Nebula stage, the Asymptotic Giant Branch star will completely change its geometry. This AGB stellar evolution stage is characterized by a high mass loss driven by the radiation pressure. Strong magnetic field may rule the mass loss geometry and the global shaping of these objects. Following our previous work on the polarization of the SiO maser emission in a representative sample of O-rich evolved stars, we present here a study towards C-rich objects and PPN/PN objects to obtain unbiased conclusions. Using Xpol at the IRAM-30 m telescope, we have conducted CN N=1-0 observations to investigate the Zeeman effect in this molecule and draw conclusion on the evolution of the magnetic field and its influence during the transition of an AGB star to the PN stage. Following the analysis described by Crutcher et al. (1996) we derive an estimate of the magnetic field.

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