Academic literature on the topic 'PMWS'
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Journal articles on the topic "PMWS"
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Kristensen, C. S., C. K. Hjulsager, K. Vestergaard, K. Dupont, V. Bille-Hansen, C. Enøe, S. E. Jorsal, P. Bækbo, and L. E. Larsen. "Experimental Airborne Transmission of Porcine Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome." Journal of Pathogens 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/534342.
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The objective of these studies was to investigate if porcine postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) could be induced in healthy pigs following contact with air from pigs with clinical signs of PMWS. The pigs were housed in different units. Either 31 (study I) or 25 (study II) pigs with clinical symptoms of PMWS from a PMWS-affected herd and 25 healthy pigs from a PMWS-free, but PCV2-positive, herd were housed in unit A. Fifty pigs from a PMWS-free herd were housed in unit B, which were connected by pipes to unit A. In unit C, 30 pigs from a PMWS-free herd were housed as controls. In study II, the pigs in units A and B from the PMWS-free herd developed clinical signs of PMWS 2-3 weeks after arrival. PMWS was confirmed at necropsy and the diseased pigs had increased PCV2 load and increased antibody titers against PCV2 in serum that coincided with the development of clinical signs typical of PMWS. Sequence analysis revealed that the PCV2 isolate belonged to genotype 2b. In conclusion, the present study showed that PMWS can be induced in pigs from a PMWS-free herd by airborne contact with pigs from a PMWS-affected herd.
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Kekarainen, Tuija, Marina Sibila, and Joaquim Segalés. "Prevalence of swine Torque teno virus in post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)-affected and non-PMWS-affected pigs in Spain." Journal of General Virology 87, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 833–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81586-0.
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The present study was designed to investigate the prevalence of swine Torque teno virus (TTV) in post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)-affected and non-affected Spanish swine. Nested PCR (nPCR) assays to detect two distinct TTV genogroups were applied. A significantly higher prevalence of TTV infection was found in sera from PMWS-affected animals (97 %) than in sera from non-PMWS-affected animals (78 %). Whilst PMWS-affected pigs (91 %) were more likely to be infected with TTV from genogroup 2 than non-PMWS-affected swine (72 %), no such difference was observed with genogroup 1. Nucleotide sequences of nPCR products were 91–99 % identical between strains within a genogroup. In contrast, inter-genogroup sequence identities were 49–58 %. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that genogroups form different clusters without association with PMWS or porcine circovirus type 2 infection status of the animals. These results indicate a high prevalence of both swine TTV genogroups in Spain, being present more frequently in PMWS-affected animals than in non-PMWS-affected animals.
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de Boisséson, Claire, Véronique Béven, Laurent Bigarré, Richard Thiéry, Nicolas Rose, Eric Eveno, François Madec, and André Jestin. "Molecular characterization of Porcine circovirus type 2 isolates from post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome-affected and non-affected pigs." Journal of General Virology 85, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.19536-0.
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Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is recognized as a primary cause in post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). In this study, both PCV1 and PCV2 types were studied in pigs originating from PMWS-affected (+) and non-affected (−) herds from Brittany. PCV2 was identified by PCR in 100 % of animals from PMWS(+) herds and in 76 % from PMWS(−) herds, while PCV1 was not detected. The complete sequences of 38 PCV2 isolates were determined and 23 new variants were identified, displaying between 94·6 and 99·9 % nucleotide identity with one another. Although highly related to all the PCV2 sequences available in databases, the isolates from France gathered in a distinct subcluster. Compared with the 13 PCV2 from PMWS(+) farms, the 10 PMWS(−) sequences exhibited a slightly higher variability. No viral molecular marker specific to a pathogenic state could be identified, even by including other PCV2 variants isolated from PMWS-suffering animals from other countries. We concluded that the PMWS outbreaks in Brittany are most likely not due to the emergence of a new genotype of circovirus.
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Hamel, Andre L., Lihua L. Lin, and Gopi P. S. Nayar. "Nucleotide Sequence of Porcine Circovirus Associated with Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome in Pigs." Journal of Virology 72, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 5262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.6.5262-5267.1998.
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ABSTRACT This article describes the nucleotide sequence of a porcine circovirus (PCV) which possesses a high degree of association with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), a newly described disease of young pigs. The DNA sequence of this PMWS-associated PCV (pmws PCV) has 68% homology with that of a previously published nonpathogenic strain of PCV. The strains appear to be closely related yet distinct from one another.
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KYRIAKIS (ΣΠ. Κ. ΚΥΡΙΑΚΗΣ), S. C., S. KENNEDY, K. SAOULIDIS (Κ. ΣΑΟΥΛΙΔΗΣ), S. LEKKAS (Σ. ΛΕΚΚΑΣ), Ch C. MILIOTIS (Χ.Κ.ΜΗΛΙΩΤΗΣ), G. C. BALKAMOS (Γ.Κ. ΜΠΑΛΚΑΜΟΣ), and P. A. PAPOUTSIS (Π.Α. ΠΑΠΟΥΤΣΗΣ). "First Report in the presence of Post-Weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome and Porcine Circo virus type 2 in Greece." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 52, no. 4 (January 31, 2018): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15458.
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Post-weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) is a new infectious disease of pigs at nursery and growing phase of production. A new strain of porcine circovirus (PCV), PCV type 2, seems to be the cause. The aim of this study was to investigate whether outbreaks of disease with clinical signs similar to those of PMWS, observed in several farms in Greece, were associated to the presence of PCV2. To establish a diagnosis in two pig farms suspected of being positive to PMWS, ten affected pigs were euthanised. The clinical and post-mortem findings in these pigs were highly suggestive of PMWS. Histopathology has revealed interstitial pneumonia and infiltration of mononuclear cells in periportal areas of the liver and in mesenteric lymph nodes. According to previous studies these are characteristic lesions of PMWS. The final diagnosis was confirmed by demonstrating antigens and nucleic acid in PCV2-affected tissues using immunohistochemistry and in situ-hybridisation methods.
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Ficek, Radek, Ivan Pšikal, Petr Fictum, Jindřiška Bendová, Eva Kosinová, Radka Smítalová, and Miša Škorič. "Exploratory Epidemiological Study on Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Infection and Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome in the Czech Republic." Acta Veterinaria Brno 79, no. 1 (2010): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201079010081.
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The objective of our study was to diagnose the postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and to determine the prevalence of the disease in 33 swine herds in the Czech Republic using the results of laboratory examinations of 100 pigs expressing the signs of wasting at the end of 2007. Microscopic lesions associated with the presence of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) antigen were detected in the lymph nodes from 39 of 100 diseased pigs (39%). Based on individual assessment of severity of microscopic lymphoid lesions associated with high amounts of PCV2 antigen, PMWS was confirmed in 4 out of 39 pigs originating from 3 of 33 herds (9%). The epidemiological study indicates that PCV2 infections associated with PMWS disease are only sporadically present in the Czech Republic. Subsequently used real time PCR technique confirmed the relation between PMWS status at the individual pig level and PCV2 DNA concentration. PCV2 DNA load in lymph nodes of PMWS-affected pigs were about 3 logs higher than the levels detected in the PMWS-nonaffected group (P < 0.05). Other parallel viral infections (PRRSV, PPV) were detected by real time PCR techniques in 21 out of 39 PCV2 infected pigs (54%). The results of serological examination of blood samples collected during the necropsy of 100 pigs are suggestive of great prevalence of PCV2 infections in pig herds; nevertheless serum samples collected from individual pigs at a single point in time had a low diagnostic value.
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Dezen, Diogenes, Franciscus A. M. Rijsewijk, Thais F. Teixeira, Carine L. Holz, Ana P. Varela, Samuel P. Cibulski, Tatiane Shäffer Gregianini, Helena B. C. R. Batista, Ana C. Franco, and Paulo M. Roehe. "Comparative evaluation of a competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a SYBR Green–based real-time PCR to quantify Porcine circovirus-2 DNA in swine tissue samples." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 23, no. 6 (October 24, 2011): 1160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638711425582.
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Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) is considered the major etiological agent of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs. The clinical manifestations of the disease are correlated with moderate to high amounts of PCV-2 DNA in biological samples of affected pigs. A threshold of 107 DNA copies/ml is suggested as the trigger factor for symptoms. A comparative study was conducted to determine which quantitative method would be more suitable to estimate the PCV-2 DNA load. Two polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were developed: a competitive PCR (cPCR) and a SYBR Green–based real-time PCR. The assays were compared for their capacity to detect PCV-2 in DNA samples extracted from liver, lung, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and kidney of PMWS-affected ( n = 23) or non–PMWS-affected pigs ( n = 9). Both assays could successfully quantify PCV-2 DNA in all tissue samples and were able to detect significant differences between the numbers of PCV-2 DNA copies found in tissues of PMWS-affected and non–PMWS-affected pigs (≥102.5). The highest mean viral loads were detected by the SYBR Green real-time PCR, up to 107.0±1.5 copies/100 ng of total DNA sample, while the cPCR detected up to 104.8±1.5. A mean difference of 101.8 was found between the amounts of PCV-2 DNA detected, using the SYBR Green real-time PCR and the cPCR, suggesting that the viral load threshold for PMWS should be determined for each particular assay.
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Podgórska, Katarzyna, and Tomasz Stadejek. "Profiles of seroconversion to porcine circovirus type 2 in herds affected and not affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 59, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.2011.037.
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The aim of the present study was to explore the usefulness of serological methods in the diagnosis of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). The study was carried out in 4 PMWS-affected and 6 control farms. Based on the serological profiles, infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was determined to take place at 3–7 weeks of age in the PMWS-affected and at 3–11 weeks of age in the control farms. To compare the dynamics of seroconversion to PCV2 among farms, cross-sectional serological profiles were normalised in relation to the inferred age of infection. The results indicated that the proportion of seropositive pigs increased significantly slower in the affected herds. The most pronounced difference was observed about 4 weeks after infection, when the proportion of seropositive pigs ranged from 0 to 53.3% and from 70 to 100% in PMWS-affected and control herds, respectively. Mean antibody titres at that age were also significantly lower in the affected farms. These observations suggest a delay in the production of PCV2-specific antibodies and indicate that serological methods may be helpful in identifying herds with a high risk of PMWS.
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Ciacci-Zanella, J. R., and N. Morés. "Diagnosis of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs in Brazil caused by porcine circovirus type 2." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 55, no. 5 (October 2003): 522–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352003000500002.
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This report describes the first preliminary characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) isolates from pigs affected with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in Brazil. Diseased pigs were examined at necropsy and by histopathology. Macroscopic and microscopic analyses revealed lesions reported to be typical of PMWS, which included, respectively, emaciation, enlargement of lymph nodes, thymus atrophy and interstitial pneumonia, and granulomatous lymphadenitis with syncytial cells, among others. Using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or imunoperoxidase it was possible to detected DNA or antigen of PCV2, respectively. The PCR' s amplified fragment could be differentiated from PCV1 and PCV2 from one another by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. PCV2 DNA was detected in 70% (14/20) of samples of pigs with clinical signs and lesions associated with PMWS. This study shows that PCV2 is associated with lesions and symptoms indicative of PMWS in pigs. It is also shown that the Brazilian PCV2 isolates may have variation in their genome.
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Darwich, Laila, Mònica Balasch, Joan Plana-Durán, Joaquim Segalés, Mariano Domingo, and Enric Mateu. "Cytokine profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in response to mitogen, superantigen or recall viral antigens." Journal of General Virology 84, no. 12 (December 1, 2003): 3453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.19364-0.
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In vitro cytokine profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and healthy pigs were determined in response to recall viral antigens (porcine circovirus type 2; PCV2), mitogens (phytohaemagglutinin) or superantigens (staphylococcal enterotoxin B). PBMC from PMWS-affected pigs, in contrast to those from healthy pigs, responded to recall PCV2 antigen by releasing IL-10 and IFN-γ, but they were less able or even unable to produce IL-4, IL-2 or IFN-γ upon challenge with mitogen or superantigen. Moreover, only PCV2 had the ability to downregulate or suppress the release of IL-4 and IL-2 from PBMC from both healthy and diseased animals, and to stimulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8). In conclusion, the immune system cells of PMWS pigs have a diminished ability to perform their immunological functions upon viral or immunostimulatory molecules. In addition, PCV2 can alter the functionality of PBMC in both healthy and PMWS pigs.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PMWS"
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Grau, i. Roma Llorenç. "New insights into the epidemiology of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5746.
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La síndrome d'aprimament post-deslletament (SAPD) és considerada com una malaltia porcina d'origen multifactorial en la qual el Circovirus porcí tipus 2 (CP2) és l'agent infecciós essencial. L'objectiu de la present tesi doctoral era expandir el coneixement en l'epidemiologia de la infecció per CP2 i el SAPD a través de la realització d'estudis de cas-control a nivell de camp. De manera general, es va investigar la potencial influència de la genètica del CP2, el moment d'infecció del CP2, els anticossos contra CP2 derivats de la immunitat maternal i la resposta humoral dels porcs contra el CP2, en la presentació de la SAPD.En el primer estudi (estudi I) es van estudiar seqüències de PCV2 de porcs amb diferent condició clínica i patològica. Els resultats van confirmar l'existència de dos genogrups principals i es va proposar la definició de dos genotipus de CP2 (1 i 2). La metodologia suggerida per definir els genotipus està basada en la distribució de la relació p-distància/freqüència de les seqüències de CP2 conjuntament amb anàlisis filogenètics de CP2. Es va observar que el genotipus 1 era predominant en porcs de granges afectades per SAPD. Contràriament, totes les seqüències obtingudes de granges no afectades per la SAPD corresponien al genotipus 2. Així, es va suggerir que el genotipus 1 de CP2 podria ser potencialment més patogènic que el genotipus 2. Addicionalment, es va descriure la presència dels dos genotipus en el mateix moment en porcs individuals procedents de granges afectades per la SAPD.
La present tesi doctoral es va desenvolupar dins del marc del projecte de la Unió Europea (UE) titulat Control de les malalties associades al Circovirus porcí (MACP): Cap a la Millora en la Qualitat i Seguretat Alimentàries (www.pcvd.org), la qual era finançada pel 6è programa marc de la UE. El consorci de la UE d'aquest porjecte va publicar la carta presentada com a addendum de l'estudi I. En aquesta carta es va donar suport a la definició de genotipus proposada, a la vegada que es va proposar la nomenclatura de genotipus a de CP2 (CP2a) i genotipus b (CP2b), corresponent als genotipus 2 i 1, respectivament, per tal d'evitar confusions amb la ja existent diferenciació entre PCV2 i PCV1.
En el segon estudi (estudi II) es van comparar dues tècniques de PCR quantitativa (qPCR) de PCV2. Els resultats mostraven una associació lineal significativa entre les dues tècniques, i un biaix sistemàtic de 1.4 log10 copies of CP2 per mil·lilitre de mostra. Aquesta diferència indicava que la tècnica del laboratori danès generava un resultat sistemàticament més elevat que el generat a través de la tècnica del laboratori espanyol. A més, la tècnica del laboratori danès mostrava major sensibilitat que la tècnica del laboratori espanyol.
En els treballs III i IV es van realitzar estudis longitudinals de tipus cas-control en granges afectades per la SAPD de Dinamarca i Espanya tot utilitzant dissenys similars. Es van observar patrons similars en la dinàmica d'infecció per CP2 tant a Espanya com a Dinamarca, amb un retard en l'edat de presentació de la SAPD a Espanya en comparació a Dinamarca. El diagnòstic individual de la SAPD es va confirmar, mitjançant tests laboratorials, en només la meitat dels porcs en els quals hi havia la sospita clínica. Globalment, els resultats van mostrar que la quantitat de CP2 incrementava concomitantment a la caiguda dels nivells d'anticossos maternals, assolint valors màxims de càrrega vírica en el moment d'aparició dels símptomes clínics. De manera interessant, la reacció de fase aguda (RFA) en porcs afectats per la SAPD s'observava paral·lelament a l'evolució de la virèmia per CP2, suggerint que el CP2 és el principal responsable de l'estat d'inflamació sistèmica que pateixen els porcs afectats per aquesta malaltia. Col·lectivament, els porcs afectats tenien quantitats de CP2 i concentracions de porc-MFA i HPT superiors en sang, excretaven càrregues víriques superiors tant per via nasal com a través de les femtes, i tenien nivells inferiors d'anticossos maternals enfront al CP2 que els porcs que no estaven afectats per la SAPD. Addicionalment, es va observar una menor resposta humoral en els porcs afectats per la SAPD provinents d'Espanya a les 11 setmanes de vida (abans de l'aparició dels símptomes clínics) i en el moment de la necròpsia, suggerint que aquesta circumstància era podria associar-se com a causa més que no pas una conseqüència de la malaltia. D'altra banda, la falta de sensibilitat i/o especificitat observades de les tècniques de qPCR i/o de serologia suggereixen que aquestes tècniques no poden substituir la histopatologia més la detecció de CP2 en teixits per l'establiment del diagnòstic individual de la SAPD. Malgrat això, els resultats indicaven que la qPCR podria ser potencialment útil per diagnosticar la SAPD a nivell poblacional. Addicionalment, els resultats obtinguts donaven suport a la idea que, malgrat que les PFA són marcadors inespecífics d'inflamació, aquestes proteïnes podrien ser marcadors útils de salut, esdevenint una eina potencialment útil per monitoritzar el desenvolupament de la SAPD en estudis epidemiològics o per la valoració de l'eficàcia de vacunes de CP2 a nivell de camp.
Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is considered a multifactorial pig disease in which Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the essential infectious agent. The present thesis aimed to expand the epidemiological knowledge on PCV2 infection and PMWS through the realization of case-control field studies. Mainly, the potential influence of PCV2 genetics, the timing of PCV2 infection, the PCV2 maternal derived humoral immunity and the pig humoral response against PCV2 infection in PMWS presentation were investigated.
In the first study consisted in the sudy of PCV2 sequences obtained from pigs with different clinical and pathological conditions. Results further confirmed the existence of two main genogroups and the definition of two PCV2 genotypes (1 and 2) was proposed. The suggested methodology to define PCV2 genotypes is based on the p-distance/frequency distribution of PCV2 sequences together with PCV2 phylogenetic analyses. Genotype 1 was shown to be predominant within pigs coming from PMWS affected farms, while all sequences obtained from non-PMWS affected farms corresponded to genotype 2. Consequently, it was suggested that PCV2 genotype 1 might potentially be more pathogenic than PCV2 genotype 2. In addition, infection of single pigs from PMWS affected farms harbouring both genotypes at the same time was described.
The present thesis was developed within the European Union (EU) project entitled Control of Porcine Circovirus Diseases (PCVD): Towards Improved Food Quality and Safety (www.pcvd.org), which was funded by the EU Sixth Framework Programme. The EU consortium on PCVD published the letter here presented as an addendum of study I. In this letter it was supported the genotype definition, but it was also proposed the nomenclature of PCV2 genotype a (PCV2a) and genotype b (PCV2b), corresponding to genotypes 2 and 1, respectively, in order to avoid potential confusions with the already existent PCV2 and PCV1.
In the second study (Study II) two different real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays were compared. Results showed a significant linear association between the assays, and a systematic difference of 1.4 log10 copies of PCV2 per millilitre of sample. This difference indicated that the assay from the Danish laboratory yielded a higher output than the assay from the Spanish laboratory. Moreover, the Danish assay had higher sensitivity than the Spanish one.
In studies III and IV, longitudinal case-control studies were performed in PMWS affected farms from Denmark and Spain using similar designs. Similar PCV2 infection dynamic patterns were observed in Spain and Denmark, with a delay in PMWS age-presentation in Spain compared to the one in Denmark. Results showed that PCV2 load increased concomitantly to maternal antibody level waning, reaching the maximum viral load concurrently with the development of clinical signs. Interestingly, the acute phase response (APR) in PMWS affected pigs occurred in parallel to PCV2 viremia, suggesting that PCV2 is the main responsible for the systemic inflammatory status suffered by diseased pigs. As a collective, PMWS affected pigs harboured higher PCV2 loads and higher Pig-MAP and HPT concentrations in sera, shed higher viral loads through both nasal secretions and faeces, and had lower level of maternal antibodies against PCV2 than non-PMWS affected pigs. Furthermore, an impaired humoral response was observed in PMWS affected pigs from Spain at 11 weeks of age (prior to the appearence of clinical signs) and at the moment of necropsy, suggesting that this circumstance might be more a cause rather than a consequence of the disease. On the other hand, the lack of sensitivity and/or specificity observed from qPCR and/or serological techniques suggests that those techniques are not able to substitute histopathology plus detection of PCV2 in tissues for the individual PMWS diagnosis. However, results indicated that qPCR might potentially be a reliable technique to diagnose PMWS on a population basis. Additionally, obtained results supported the idea that although APPs are unspecific markers of inflammation, they might be useful indicators of health, becoming a potentially interesting tool to monitor PMWS development in epidemiological studies or in the assessment of the efficacy of PCV2 vaccines in the field.
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au, warren raye@vcp monash edu, and Warren Raye. "An investigation into the status of porcine circovirus in Australia." Murdoch University, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20050705.135219.
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This thesis reports for the first time the detection of porcine circovirus virus (PCV) in the Australian pig herd.
PCV DNA was detected in the tissues of pigs from several Australian states using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, the primers for which were based on the sequence of PCV1 and PCV2 strains detected in North America and Europe. PCV type 1 or 2 was detected in 80 of 367 (21.7%) pigs tested. In the 80 positives, both PCV1 and PCV2 were detected in 14 samples. Virus was detected in pigs from all states from which samples were obtained: Western Australia, South Australia, New South Wales and Queensland.
The complete genomes of 13 strains of Australian PCV were sequenced. Analysis of the data indicated there was extremely high homology between the Australian strains of PCV1 and PCV2 and previously published sequences of PCV1 and PCV2 strains from North America and Europe.There were no consistent differences between the genome of the Australian strains and strains in North America and Europe.
The widespread occurrence of PCV in the tissues of pigs was confirmed by a small scale serological study of the Western Australian pig herd using an immunofluorescence assay, which did not discriminate antibody to PCV1 and PCV2. This assay detected PCV antibody in 11 of 14 pig herds in Western Australia, with a prevalence rate in positive herds varying from 25 to 47%, but it was unable to differentiate antibody to PCV1 and PCV2.
A PCV2-specific recombinant viral capsid protein was produced in insect cells with a baculovirus expression system and this was used to develop a PCV2-specific ELISA and a Western immunoblotting assay. These assays were applied to samples from a national pig serum bank and detected PCV2 antibody in 33% of 3933 serum samples. The highest seroprevalence to the recombinant PCV2 capsid antigen was detected in the samples from Victoria where there was a 51.3% seroprevalence rate, and the lowest in Western Australia where there was an 11.4% seroprevalence rate.
An in situ hybridisation (ISH) technique was developed for the detection of PCV in tissues of infected pigs and infected cell cultures. A monoclonal antibody specific for the capsid protein of PCV2 was also produced and has application for the development of immunocytochemical procedures for the detection of PCV2 in tissues and cell cultures.
The high prevalence of PCV in the Australian pig herd and the absence of reports of PMWS suggested that the Australian strains of PMWS detected may have been of low virulence. To examine the pathogenicity of Australian strains, two animal experiments were conducted where the type species of PCV1 present in persistently-infected PK15 pig kidney cells and an Australian PCV2 strain were cultured in vitro in cell cultures and inoculated into weaner pigs. As expected, the PCV1 replicated well in pigs but did not result in the induction of clinical signs or lesions in the inoculated pigs. The inoculation into weaner pigs of cell culture replicated PCV2 with an apparent virus titre of 103 virus particles/mL resulted in infection of only some of the inoculated pigs and it was concluded that the PCV2 inoculum contained insufficient virus to infect all pigs into which it was inoculated. The PCV2 did not induce any disease syndrome and could not be visualised in tissue sections of infected pigs using immunohistochemical techniques.
In conclusion, techniques were developed for the detection of PCV in the Australian pig herd. PCV of both genetic types were detected at prevalence rates similar to those reported in other countries where PMWS has occurred, and the widespread occurrence of PCV was confirmed by serological assays. The PCV strains present were genetically indistinguishable from those present in North America and Europe. The reason for the absence of PMWS in Australia is most likely not due to differences in the characteristics of the PCV strains present.
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Wiederkehr, Danja Damaris. "A new emerging genotype subgroup within PCV-2b dominates the PMWS epizooty in Switzerland /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000276936.
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au, maodea@agric wa gov, and Mark O'Dea. "Pathogenesis and Detection of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in the Australian Pig Herd." Murdoch University, 2008. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20081128.125816.
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The diagnosis of porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD) in pigs requires the detection of characteristic clinical signs and pathological changes, and the detection of virus in tissues of affected pigs. To increase Australias capacity to independently diagnose PCVAD in Australia, techniques for the detection of Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection in pigs were developed and are reported in this thesis. These techniques were applied to samples obtained from normal pigs and pigs with disease and confirmed the presence of PCV2 and PCVAD in the Australian pig herd.
Viral DNA was detected in tissues of infected pigs by both standard PCR and real-time PCR techniques. The real-time PCR was more sensitive. While the conventional PCR was able to detect approximately 100 copies of the viral genome, the real-time PCR was able to detect 20 copies of the genome. An immunohistochemical (IHC) technique which was also developed enabled the visualisation of PCV2 antigen in fixed tissues of pigs with PCVAD.
The techniques that were developed were applied to an examination of tissues from pigs affected by illthrift and increased weaner mortality in herds in South Australia, New South Wales and Western Australia. Lesions suggestive of the PCVAD postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) were detected and virus antigen was detected in association with lesions. The nature of the clinical signs and histopathological lesions detected, coupled with the presence of PCV2 antigen, suggested that PCVAD was present in some Australian pig herds. Phylogenetic analysis of the strains of PCV2-associated with these disease outbreaks demonstrated they were of a type not previously detected in Australia and similar to strains associated with PMWS in North America.
To further assist in investigation of PCV2 infections in the Australian pig herd, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed that specifically detected antibody to PCV2 and not the related and non-pathogenic Porcine circovirus type 1. The development of this assay required the production of a virus capsid protein antigen using a prokaryotic protein production system. The ELISA was used to test serum samples form the Australian national pig serum bank. A high prevalence of PCV2 infection was detected in most pig herds examined in all Australian states.
International trade in pig meat has resulted in many countries placing restrictions on the importation of pig meat, requiring imported pig meats to be cooked to destroy viral agents. This study investigated the in vitro resistance of an Australian strain of PCV2 to heat treatment at temperatures between 56°C and 85°C. The viability of the virus was determined by a combination of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and IHC to visualise viral capsid antigen within infected cells. This study indicated that PCV2 retained its infectivity following heating up to and including 75°C for 15 mins, but was inactivated following heating to 80°C and above.
The investigations reported make a significant contribution to PCV2 research in Australia and ensure Australias capacity to independently investigate PCVAD in the Australian pig herd.
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Turner, Megan Jenny. "Epidemilogical Studies of the Emerging Pig Disease Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS): The role of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2)." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488499.
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Teixeira, Thais Fumaco. "Detecção de possíveis agentes virais associados à circovirose suína." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13371.
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O Circovirus suíno tipo 2 (PCV2) é um vírus ubíquo que tem sido associado a um número de síndromes em suínos. Entre elas, a Síndrome Multissistêmica do Definhamento dos Suínos (SMDS) tornou-se uma das principais causas de perdas econômicas na suinocultura nacional. No entanto, existe incerteza se o PCV2 é, de fato, o único agente responsável por esse quadro, essencialmente porque a administração isolada do vírus a animais suscetíveis não tem sido capaz de reproduzir experimentalmente a síndrome. Em vista disso, um número de outros agentes infecciosos (e não infecciosos) tem sido examinados e sua potencial participação no desenvolvimento da SMDS tem sido pesquisada. No presente estudo foram realizados experimentos visando determinar se outro(s) agente(s) com genoma de DNA circular poderia(m) desempenhar algum papel no desenvolvimento da SMDS. Para tanto, a técnica denominada “amplificação por círculo rolante com múltiplos primers” (ACRMP) foi empregada. A ACRMP é baseada na atividade da DNA polimerase do fago phi29, uma enzima capaz de sintetizar novas moléculas de DNA a partir de um molde de DNA circular. Numa segunda etapa, o DNA amplificado é clivado com enzimas de restrição, ocasionando a linearização de grande quantidade de cópias do DNA alvo original. Como a ACRMP é realizada com primers aleatórios, nenhum conhecimento prévio da seqüência de nucleotídeos alvo é necessário. Portanto, pode-se teoricamente amplificar DNA circular de qualquer microorganismo, o que a torna ideal para o propósito do presente estudo. O DNA extraído de soros de 67 suínos com sinais clínicos de SMDS, assim como de 63 suínos saudáveis, foram submetidos à ACRMP. O principal achado deste estudo foi que o genoma de um (ou mais) anelovírus foi(ram) detectado(s) em 88,9% (56/63) dos suínos saudáveis, ao passo que o(s) mesmo(s) agente(s) somente foi(ram) detectado(s) em 16,4% (11/67) dos soros de suínos com sinais clínicos da SMDS. Alguns fragmentos de DNA potencialmente correspondentes a fragmentos de genomas virais foram seqüenciados, revelando que pelo menos um deles corresponde a uma seqüência de anelovírus suíno ainda não descrita. No entanto, outro genoma correspondente a um anelovírus foi encontrado na mesma amostra, sugerindo que mais de um vírus pode estar presente em amostras de soro. Estes resultados demonstraram que os anelovírus, de grande variabilidade genética, são significativamente mais prevalentes em suínos clinicamente saudáveis do que em suínos com SMDS.Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an ubiquitous virus that has been associated to a number of syndromes in swine. Among these, Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) has become a major cause of economic losses in swine worldwide. However, there is uncertainty as to whether PCV2 is in fact the sole agent responsible for the disease, essentially because the disease has not been experimentally reproduced when PCV2 is inoculated onto susceptible animals. In view of that, a number of other infectious (and non infectious) agents have been examined and their potential role in PMWS searched for. This study was carried out to determine whether any other agent(s) with circular DNA genome might be playing some role in PMWS. In order to achieve that, a technique called “randomly primed rolling circle amplification” (RPRCA) was employed. RPRCA is based on the activity of bacteriophage phi29 DNA polymerase, an enzyme that synthesizes new DNA molecules starting from a circularized DNA template. In a second phase, the amplified DNA is cleaved with restriction enzymes, so giving rise to large amounts of linearized copies of the original target DNA. As RPRCA is performed with random priming, no previous knowledge of the target nucleotide sequence is necessary. Therefore, it is theoretically possible to amplify circular DNA of any microorganism, thus making it ideal for the purpose of the present study. DNA extracted from sera of 67 pigs with clinical signs of PMWS as well as from 63 healthy pigs was submitted to RPRCA. The major finding of this study was that the genome of one (or more) anelloviruses was detected in 88,9% (56/63) of the healthy pigs, whereas the same agent was only detected in 16,4% (11/67) of pigs with clinical signs of PMWS. Some of the DNA fragments corresponding to the putative virus genomes were sequenced and revealed at least one non-previously described anellovirus sequence. However, other anellovirus could be found on the same sample, suggesting that more than one genome are present in samples of serum. These results demonstrate that anelovírus, of great genetic variability, were significantly more prevalent in healthy pigs than in pigs with PMWS.
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Monnerat, Filipe Silva. "Desenvolvimento de técnicas biomoleculares para diagnóstico de circovírus suíno." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2003. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/8774.
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O circovírus suíno (PCV) é um agente amplamente distribuído na Europa, América do Norte e sul da Ásia. O PCV é um pequeno vírus de cadeia simples de DNA (17 nm) que foi reconhecido, a partir da década de 90, como um patógeno de suíno. Dois tipos de PCV tem sido caracterizados e designados PCV tipo 1 (PCV1) e PCV tipo 2 (PCV2). O PCV1 foi primeiramente isolado em 1974 como um contaminante persistente da linhagem de células PK-15 de rim de suíno (ATCC CCL 31) e a cepa de PCV isolada de células PK-15 tem sido bem caracterizada. O PCV1 é considerado como um vírus não patogênico, enquanto que a infecção de um suíno pelo PCV2 é normalmente associada ao desenvolvimento de Síndrome Multissistêmica Pós-Desmame (PMWS), em animais de 5 a 12 semanas de idade, e ao tremor congênito (CT), que acomete animais no período neonatal. A PMWS é uma nova doença emergente de suínos, caracterizada clinicamente por dispnéia progressiva, aumento dos nódulos linfáticos e patologicamente caracterizada por uma ampla extensão de lesões inflamatórias. Recentemente, pesquisadores da EMBRAPA iniciaram um estudo da PMWS em leitões, mas no Brasil a presença do PCV ainda não é reconhecida oficialmente. O objetivo desse trabalho foi (1) padronizar técnicas de diagnóstico para o genoma e antígeno do PCV, assim como anticorpos contra o agente; (2) avaliar a susceptibilidade de diferentes linhagens celulares ao PCV; (3) diagnosticar a infecção do PCV em suínos da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais; (4) isolar o PCV de amostras positivas. O PCV, proveniente de tecidos de animais normais e com diagnóstico de CT, foi isolado em células SK6 e analisadas por PCR. O padrão de bandas foi o mesmo encontrado em células PK15 contaminadas com PCV2, gentilmente cedidas pela EMBRAPA. Os oligos usados diferenciavam o PCV1 do PCV2. Todos os leitões de maternidade testados por PCR foram positivos para o PCV2. Porém, em 59 animais de abate testados por PCR não foi observada a presença do PCV. No teste de susceptibilidade as células PK15, SK6, VERO e MDCK foram susceptíveis ao PCV, mas somente as PK-15 estavam persistentemente infectadas. No ensaio de imunofluorescência indireta, foi utilizado um conjugado anti-IgG suína previamente padronizado e anticorpos contra PCV foram identificados em soros de 24 em 44 animais de abate testados e nenhum anticorpo foi encontrado nos animais com diagnóstico de CT positivos para PCV2 por PCR. Com esses resultados podemos concluir que os 24 suínos de abate soropositivos entraram em contato com o agente e desenvolveram a infecção em alguma fase durante o estagio de produção. A ausência de soropositivos entre os leitões recém nascidos, aliada a presença de infecção, pode ser explicada pela incapacidade de produção de anticorpos por esses animais neste estágio de desenvolvimento. Estudos adicionais da epidemiologia e da imunologia de infecções pelo PCV são necessários para o melhor entendimento e efetivo controle das doenças associadas a esse vírus.
Porcine circovirus (PCV) is thoroughly an agent distributed in Europe, North America and south of Asia. PCV is a small virus of simple chain of DNA (17 nm) that was recognized, starting from the decade of 90, as a swine pathogen. Two types of PCV have been characterized and designated PCV type 1 (PCV1) and PCV type 2 (PCV2). PCV1 was isolated firstly in 1974 as a persistent contaminant of the lineage of cells PK-15 of swine kidney (ATCC CCL 31) and the stump of isolated PCV of cells PK-15 has been well characterized. PCV1 is considered as a non- pathogenic virus, while the infection of a swine for PCV2 is usually associated to Post weaning Multisistemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS), in animals from 5 to 12 weeks of age, and to the congenital tremor (CT), that attack animals in the neonatal period. PMWS is a new emergent disease of swine, clinically characterized by progressive dispnea, increase of the lymphatic nodules and pathologically characterized by a wide extension of inflammatory lesions. Recently, researchers of EMBRAPA began a study of PMWS in pigs, but in Brazil the presence of PCV is not still recognized officially. The objective of that work was (1) to standardize diagnosis techniques for the genome and antigen of PCV, as well as antibodies against the agent; (2) to evaluate the susceptibility of different cellular lineages to PCV; (3) to diagnose the infection of PCV in swine of the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais; (4) to isolate PCV of positive samples. PCV, originating from tissues of normal animals and with diagnosis of CT, it was isolated in SK6 cells and analyzed by PCR. The pattern of bands was the same found in contaminated cells PK15 with PCV2, kindly by EMBRAPA. The used oligos differentiated PCV1 of PCV2. All the pigs of maternity tested by PCR were positive for PCV2. However, in 59 slaughtering animals tested by PCR, PCV was not found. In susceptibility test, PK15, SK6, VERO and MDCK cells were susceptible for both PCV but only PK15 cells were persistently infected. Anti-PCV antibodies were found to be positive in 54,5% of slaughtering animals serum and any anti-PCV antibody was found in animals with clinical CT. Rapid and accurate diagnosis and removal of disease animals from farms, combined with good husbandry practices, would appear to be the only current method of controlling losses attributable to PCV2 infections. However, additional studies into the epidemiology and immunology of PCV infections are now required if better understanding and eventual control of the disease syndromes associated with these viruses are to be achieved.
Dissertação importada do Alexandria.
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Kouokam, Fotso Guy Baudry. "Etude du rôle de la protéine gC1qR dans l'infection par le circovirus porcin de type 2." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1B026.
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Le circovirus porcin de type 2 est responsable de la maladie d’amaigrissement du porcelet. Il est différent du circovirus porcin de type 1 qui est non pathogène. Nous disposons de peu de données pouvant expliquer pourquoi le virus PCV2 est pathogène et le virus PCV1 ne l’est pas. De plus les bases moléculaires soutenant la pathogénicité du PCV2 et l’immunodépression induite par le PCV2 sont mal comprises. Dans cette étude nous avons montré que la protéine gC1qR était capable d’interagir de façon différentielle avec les protéines de capside (Cap) de circovirus pathogène PCV2 et non pathogène PCV1. La protéine de capside de PCV1 isolée d’un porcelet issu d’un élevage était incapable d’interagir avec la protéine gC1qR. Il a été également montré que la région de la protéine Cap PCV2 impliquée dans l’interaction avec gC1qR était comprise dans les 59 acides aminés N-terminaux, région riche en arginine. Il a été également mis en évidence que les transcrits de gC1qR étaient sous-régulés in vitro et in vivo après une infection par le virus PCV2 au temps court de l’infection. Une sous-régulation de gC1qR induite par ARN interférence en cellules permissives rénales de porc PK15 n’induisait cependant ni une diminution de la réplication du virus PCV2, ni une diminution de formation de ses particules infectieuses. Ce travail apporte de nouveaux éléments pour comprendre l’adaptation des souches de circovirus porcins à leur hôte ainsi que son interaction avec les protéines de son hôteThe porcine circovirus type 2 is the causal agent of the post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. It is different from porcine circovirus type 1 which is non-pathogenic. We have little data that could explain why the PCV2 is pathogenic and PCV1 is not. The molecular basis supporting the pathogenicity of PCV2 and the induced immune-depression is misunderstood. It has been shown that the capsid protein (Cap) of the porcine circovirus was able to interact differentially with the capsid protein of the pathogenic circovirus PCV2 and nonpathogenic PCV1. Cap proteins from PCV1 virus isolated from a piglet was unable to interact with gC1qR. It has also been shown that the Cap PCV2 region involved in the interaction with gC1qR was included among the 59 N-terminal amino acids, an arginine-rich region. It was also shown that gC1qR transcripts were down-regulated in vitro and in vivo after infection with PCV2 virus at the beginning of infection. A siRNA-mediated downregulation of gC1qR in the PK15 permissive cells did not induce a modification of the replication of PCV2 virus and neither the production of infectious viral particles. This work provides new evidence for understanding the adaptation of porcine circovirus strains to their host as well as its interaction with its host proteins
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Juhan, Nicole McKeown. "Molecular mechanisms of porcine circovirus 2 replication and pathogenesis." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27329.
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The non-pathogenic porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) was originally isolated as a persistent contaminant of the porcine kidney cell line PK-15. Whereas, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) causes postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs, which is devastating to the swine industry. My objectives were to determine the effect of maternally derived antibodies on PCV2 infection, assess the role of 2 amino acid substitutions in the PCV2 capsid protein in PCV2 attenuation, evaluate the effect of Rep gene exchange between PCV1 and PCV2 on growth characteristics of a chimeric PCV2, and evaluate the role of open reading frame (ORF) 3 of PCV2 in virus replication and pathogenesis in pigs.
Under field conditions, PCV2 infection is widespread and most breeding pigs are seropositive. Assessment of the role of PCV2 maternal antibodies in preventing PCV2 infection in piglets provided evidence that higher levels of maternal antibody provide more protection to piglets.
Two amino acid substitutions in the PCV2 capsid protein that enhanced virus replication in vitro and attenuated the virus in vivo were evaluated for their pathogenicity in pigs. The results indicated that P110A and R191S are collectively responsible for virus attenuation.
PCV1 replicates better in PK-15 cells and grows at least 1-log titer higher than PCV2. A chimeric PCV with the rep gene of PCV1 replacing that of PCV2 in the genomic backbone of PCV2 replicated more rapidly than PCV1 and PCV2, and more efficiently than PCV2, although to a titer similar to PCV1.
The ORF3 of PCV2 is believed to encode a protein involved in apoptosis. The ORF3 start codon was mutated from ATG to GTG and the resulting mutant muPCV2 was infectious in vitro and in pigs; therefore ORF3 is dispensable for virus replication.
The pathogenicity of muPCV2 was compared with PCV2 in vivo. Delayed viremia and seroconversion, decreased viral loads, lower level of IgG antibodies, and lower amounts of PCV2 antigen in mesenteric lymph nodes suggested attenuation of muPCV2. However, there was no significant difference in histological or gross lesions in tissues between PCV2- and muPCV2-inoculated groups. The role of ORF3 in attenuation needs to be further elucidated.Ph. D.
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Atterholm, Isabelle, and Louise Nilsson. "Kvinnors erfarenheter och upplevelser av PMS och PMDS." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26138.
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Bakgrund: Premenstruellt syndrom (PMS) är något som drabbar cirka 20% - 40% av alla kvinnor. Symtomen uppkommer en till två veckor innan mens. De vanligaste upplevda symtomen är svullna bröst eller mage, irritation eller ångest. Premenstruellt dysforiskt syndrom (PMDS) som är den mer allvarliga formen än PMS, drabbar omkring 1,8% - 5,8%. Symtomen är mer kraftfulla och kan liknas vid djup depression. Tidigare studier har visat att kvinnor med PMS eller PMDS har sänkt hälsorelaterad livskvalitet. Syftet: Vårt syfte är att belysa kvinnors erfarenheter och upplevelser kring det dagliga livet vid PMS och PMDS, samt att uppmärksamma strategier som underlättar kvinnors vardag. Metod: Metoden var att sammanställa tio stycken vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats till en litteraturstudie. Resultat: Resultatet belyser till exempel de symtom som kvinnor upplever under PMS. Kvinnor upplevelser är även att samhället och sjukvården inte tar PMS och PMDS på allvar. Deras erfarenheter är att de inte får det stöd som de önskar och behöver. Mestadels saknar de stöd från sin partner. Kvinnor använder sig av olika copingstrategier för att hantera sina symtom. Kvinnorna tar pauser och avstånd från sin partner och den extra stress som de upplever under PMS. Konklusion: Kvinnorna saknar stöd, hjälp och förståelse från sin partner som de behöver för att hantera sin PMS och PMDS. Inte heller av sjukvården får de hjälp. Samhället har en felaktig bild av vad PMS och PMDS egentligen är. Olika copingstrategier används för att hantera syndromen, såsom att ta pauser från vardagen och alla krav.Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is something that affects about 20% - 40% of all women. The symptoms occur one till two weeks before menstruation. The most experienced symptoms is swollen breast or stomach, irritation and anxiety. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is more severe than PMS and affect about 1,8% - 5,8%. The symptoms are more severe and may resemble a deep depression. Previous studies have proven that women with PMS or PMDD has lowered health-related quality of life. Aim: The aim was to enlighten women’s experiences of the everyday-life with PMS or PMDD, and bring attention to strategies that can facilitate women’s everyday-lives. Method: A literature study which was based on ten scientific articles with a qualitative approach was conducted. Results: The result highlights the symptoms that women experienced during PMS. The women also felt that society and their health care system did not take PMS and PMDD serious. Their experience was that they did not get the support they wanted and needed. Most of the time they lacked support from their partners. The result also found that women used different coping strategies to manage their symptoms. They took breaks and distanced themselves from their partners and the extra stress they experienced during PMS and PMDD. Conclusion: The women lack support, help and understanding that they need from their partner to manage their PMS and PMDD. Neither do they get help from the health cares system. Society has an incorrect picture of what PMS and PMDD really is. Different coping strategies are used to handle the syndrome, such as taking breaks from everyday life and all the requirements.
Books on the topic "PMWS"
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McLachlan, Jamie. PMW Browse. Manchester: University of Manchester, Department of ComputerScience, 1996.
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System, Massachusetts Personnel\Payroll Management Information. PMIS payroll procedures manual. [Boston, Mass.]: The Office, 1994.
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Martorano, Joseph T. Unmasking PMS: The complete PMS medical treatment plan. New York: M. Evans & Co., 1993.
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1931-, Thrash Agatha M., and Thrash Calvin L. 1928-, eds. PMS: Premenstrual syndrome. Seale, Ala: New Lifestyle Books, 1985.
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Novotny, Pamela Patrick. Relief from PMS. New York: Lynn Sonberg Books, 1992.
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Emma, Cordle, ed. Coping with PMS. London: Sheldon, 2009.
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PMS: Questions & answers. Los Angeles: Body Press, 1989.
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Aubry, Monique. Governance and communities of PMOs. Newtown Square, Pa: Project Management Institute, 2012.
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Crisafulli, Giujeppe. Pmhs as a reducing agent. Manchester: UMIST, 1998.
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1957-, Müller Ralf, and Glückler Johannes, eds. Governance and communities of PMOs. Newtown Square, Pa: Project Management Institute, 2012.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "PMWS"
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Ha, Chang-Sik, and Sung Soo Park. "PMOs for Adsorption." In Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas, 219–66. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2959-3_7.
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Ha, Chang-Sik, and Sung Soo Park. "PMOs for Separation." In Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas, 267–74. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2959-3_8.
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Ha, Chang-Sik, and Sung Soo Park. "PMOs for Catalytic Applications." In Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas, 125–87. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2959-3_5.
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Lautenschlager, M., and E. Maier-Reimer. "OGCM-constraints to PM’s." In Long-Term Climatic Variations, 491–510. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79066-9_23.
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Fechner, T., D. Wolter, and M. M. Roth. "CCD Systems for PMAS." In Optical Detectors For Astronomy II, 45–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4361-5_6.
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Szylar, Christian. "PMS Risk Engine." In Risk Management under UCITS III/IV, 263–64. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118557709.app2.
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Stephens, M. D. B. "Postmarketing Surveillance (PMS)." In The Detection of New Adverse Drug Reactions, 81–124. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07250-7_5.
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Jureša, Jelena. "Notes on PMS." In Shifting Corporealities in Contemporary Performance, 319–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78343-7_18.
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Opschoor, J. B. "Economic Instrument for Controlling PMPs." In Persistent Pollutants: Economics and Policy, 163–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3372-2_18.
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Pearce, David. "Cost-Benefit Analysis and PMPs." In Persistent Pollutants: Economics and Policy, 83–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3372-2_9.
Full textConference papers on the topic "PMWS"
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Khan, Adnan, Amani Hassanein, Abdul Shakoor, Ramazan kahraman, Fatima Montemor, and Anwarul Hasan. "Hybrid Microcapsules Reinforced Smart Coatings for Corrosion Protection in Oil and Gas Industry." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0014.
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Corrosion is one of the critical causes of material loss in metal components. This research is focused on the synthesis, and electrochemical properties of polyelectrolyte layered microcapsules (PMCs) reinforced smart polymeric coating for corrosion protection of steel substrates. For this purpose, monolayer urea-formaldehyde microcapsules encapsulated with linalyl acetate (MLMCs) was synthesized by Insitu polymerization. In the next step, phenylthiourea (PTU) was loaded between the layers of polyelectrolytes; polyethylenimine (PEI) & sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK) on the surface of MLMCs using layer by layer technique. The MLMCs are sensitive to mechanical stress while the PTU in PMCs is triggered by pH stimulus. The newly designed PMCs has linalyl acetate in the core and PTU in the polyelectrolyte layers. Furthermore, 6 wt.% of both MLMCs and PMCs are dispersed in the epoxy resin and applied on the clean steel substrate. Performance comparison showed that the epoxy resin reinforced with PMCs demonstrate enhanced thermal, self-healing and electrochemical properties. This improved performance can be attributed to the efficient release of the self-healing agent and corrosion inhibitor from the PMCs. Conclusively, the epoxy coatings modified with PMCs can be a novel organic coating for the corrosion protection of oil and gas industries.
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Dos Santos, Márcio V., Wesley K. G. Assunção, and Ivonei F. Da Silva. "Engenharia de Software em Empresas de Pequeno e Médio Porte: Um Mapeamento Sistemático." In Escola Regional de Engenharia de Software. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/eres.2020.13724.
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A engenharia de software (ES) estabelece práticas para auxiliar o desenvolvimento de software com qualidade, custo e prazos controlados. Apesar das práticas da ES serem amplamente conhecidas, pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs) por vezes enfrentam dificuldades em aplicá-las. Para identificar os estudos existentes que abordam a aplicação de práticas da ES no contexto de PMEs, este trabalho descreve um mapeamento sistemático da literatura para um melhor entendimento do corpo de conhecimento de ES no contexto de PMEs. Deseja-se obter uma visão geral desta área e direcionar pesquisas futuras neste tópico. Os resultados apontaram que as PMEs de fato preocupam-se em adotar práticas da ES, mas essas práticas muitas vezes não estão adequadas às suas características. Pode-se concluir que novos estudos devem ser conduzidos em tópicos relacionados à ES para atender as necessidades das PMEs.
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Joralmon, Dylan, Evangeline Amonoo, Yizhen Zhu, and Xiangjia Li. "Magnetic Field Assisted 3D Printing of Limpet Teeth Inspired Polymer Matrix Composite With Compression Reinforcement." In ASME 2021 16th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2021-61050.
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Abstract Lightweight and cost-effective polymer matrix composites (PMCs) with extraordinary mechanical performance will be a key to the next generation of diverse industrial applications such as aerospace, electric automobile, and biomedical devices. Limpet teeth made of mineral-polymer composites have been proved as nature’s strongest material due to the unique hierarchical architectures of mineral fiber alignment. Here, we present an approach to build limpet teeth inspired structural materials with precise control of geometric morphologies of microstructures by magnetic field-assisted 3D printing (MF-3DP). α-Iron (III) oxide-hydroxide nanoparticles (α-FeOOHs) are aligned by the magnetic field during 3D printing and aligned α-FeOOHs bundles are further grown to aligned goethite-based bundles (aGBs) by rapid thermal treatment after printing. The mechanical reinforcement of goethite-based fillers in PMCs can be modulated by adjusting the geometric morphology and alignment of mineral particles encapsulated inside the 3D printed PMCs. In order to identify the mechanical enhancement mechanism, physics-based modeling, simulation, and tests were conducted and the results further guided the design of bioinspired goethite-based PMCs. The correlation of the geometric morphology of self-assembled α-FeOOHs, curing characteristics of α-FeOOHs/polymer composite, and process parameters were identified to establish the optimal design of goethite-based PMCs. The 3D-printed PMCs with aGBs show promising mechanical reinforcement. This study opens intriguing perspectives for designing high strength 3D printed PMCs on the basis of bioinspired architectures with customized configurations.
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Szczeklik, A., R. J. Gryglewski, and M. Wandzilak. "THE EFFECT OF SIX PROSTAGLANDINS, PROSTACYCLIN AND ILOPROST ON GENERATION OF SUPEROXIDE ANIONS (0J) BY HUMAN NEUTROPHILS (PMNs) ACTIVATED BY ZYMOSAN OR FMLP." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643160.
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Human PMNs in a suspension (2.5 - 3.5 × 106 cells/ml of PBS) were activated by opsonized zymosan (2.5 mg/ml) or by FMLP (22 jjg/ml) in presence or absence of prostaglandins (PG) E1 E2, D2, 6-keto-F2α, 6-keto-E1 prostacyclin and Iloprost (3nM -30 pM). The generation of superoxide anions was measured as a SOD-sensitive reduction of ferrocytochrome c. In FMLP-stimulated PMNs an average production of 0- 2 of 18 ± 3.2 nmoles/10- 2 PMNs/10 min was suppressed by 25% at following concentrations of PGD2, PGE2, PGE1s 6-keto-PGE! and PGF2 : 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and>30.0 pM, respectively. No significant inhibition occurred in the presence of prostacyclin, 6-keto-PGF2 and Iloprost at concentrations as high as 30 pM. In zymosan-stimulated PMNs prostaglandins of E series were less potent inhibitors than in FMLP-stimulated PMNs by following factors: PGE2 - 20, 6-keto-PGE2 - 13, PGE1 - 4, whereas PGD2 was equally potent inhibitor in FMLP- and zymosan-stimulated PMNs. It is concluded that PGE2 is an antagonist of FMLP-receptor-mediated events which are responsible for the generation of superoxide anions in PMNs, whereas its isomer PGD2 has another mechanism of the 0- 2-suppressive action. Perhaps, PGD2 is a direct inhibitor of membrane-bound NADPH-oxidase or an antagonist of oxygen activation by leukotrienes and lipoxins or a promotor of scavenging of 0- 2 by mitochondrial membranes. The latter mechanism has been proposed recently by Gryglewski as explanation for cytoprotective action of stable biologically active metabolites of prostacyclin. Mechanisms of anti-0- 2 action of PGE1 and 6-keto-PGE1 in PMNs are likely to be intermediate between these proposed for PGE2 and PGD2.
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Cao, Yingjie, Yangyang Zhang, and Jianxin Li. "PMS." In CIKM '17: ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3132847.3133087.
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Chen, Ziming, Yanwen Li, Zhen Huang, and Xianwen Kong. "Type Synthesis of 3-RSR Equivalent 2R1T Parallel Mechanisms." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85101.
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Parallel mechanisms (PMs) with two rotational and one translational (2R1T) degrees of freedom (DOFs) have attracted much attention these years. The 2R1T PMs can be divided into various categories due to different motion patterns, such as the UP equivalent PMs, the RPR equivalent PMs, the PU equivalent PMs and the 3-PPS equivalent PMs. In this paper, the 2R1T PMs have the same motion characteristics with the 3-RSR PM are studied and synthesized. This kind of PMs can be called as 3-RSR equivalent 2R1T PMs. The 3-RSR equivalent 2R1T PMs can realize both continuous rotations about fixed axes and continuous translation along fixed directions. The constraint and motion characteristics of the 3-RSR equivalent 2R1T PMs are analyzed. The design of the branches for the 3-RSR equivalent 2R1T PMs is dealt with using the screw theory and the subchains. A group of novel 3-RSR equivalent 2R1T PMs are obtained.
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Neto, Gonçalo, Gliner Alencar, and Anderson Queiroz. "Proposta de Modelo de Segurança Simplificado para Pequenas e Médias Empresas." In XI Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas de Informação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbsi.2015.5830.
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A adoção de um modelo de segurança da informação, implementação de políticas e adequação a alguma norma de segurança da informação é algo raro para as Pequenas e Médias Empresas (PMEs) devido, muitas vezes, a complexidade das normas. Como essas organizações contribuem com boa parte da economia nacional, sendo os maiores empregadores do Brasil, se fez necessário pesquisar formas para tentar suprir esta carência. Para isto a presente pesquisa analisou, com amostra real de 48 PMEs, através de questionário, qual a visão das PMEs sobre segurança da informação e propôs um modelo simplificando os 133 controles da NBR ISO/IEC 27002 para apenas 22. Tal modelo simplificado foi, posteriormente, validado também via questionário com profissionais de TIC atuantes nas PMEs.
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Nicholson, Barry, Carlos Yicon, Dennis Harris, and Richard Delaloye. "Permanent Magnet Motor Safety." In SPE Gulf Coast Section Electric Submersible Pumps Symposium. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204487-ms.
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Abstract As Permanent Magnet Motors (PMMs) become more widely used because of their many benefits, awareness of the potential safety hazards arising from their differences from Induction Motors (IMs) is important. Due to their construction, the magnetic field presence is always "on" with PMM – even when not under energized electrical energy. PMMs are AC generators when freely rotating forward or backward. Elevated safety consciousness is needed to avoid serious injury or fatality when working with PMMs. This paper presents operational procedures for installing, pulling, troubleshooting, and handling PMMs with a focus upon safety. Hazards have been identified, and some mitigations are recommended to eliminate the potential danger and bring awareness to the petroleum industry (and others) to ensure that all workers go home safely. The observations presented in this paper came directly from field experience with operators, equipment manufacturers, and service providers.
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Maschio, A. Del, E. Corvazier, F. Maillet, M. Kazatchkine, and J. Maclouf. "PLATELET-DEPENDENT ACTIVATION AND AMPLIFICATION OF THE POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES LYSOSOMAL ENZYME RELEASE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644858.
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The degranulatlon of human PMNs by opsonlsed zymosan (OpZ) was studied In the presence or In the absence of platelet alone or after stimulation by thrombin. Evidence Is presented that the presence of platelets Increased the extent of the liberation of lysozyme from PMNs stimulated by OpZ with a maximal intensity when they were stimulated by thrombin. The extent of the amplification was higher when the PMNs trigger was lower (i.e. 0.5 x 108 particles/ml as compared to 3.0 x 108 particles). This effect was dependent on the platelet concentration (from 10-80 platelets/PMN). Platelets stimulated by thrombin could alsoactivate the resting PMNs with a maximum obtained ata thrombin concentration of 0.1 U/ml, corresponding to the maximal release by these cells of products stored In their granules. However, the substitution ofplatelet suspensions by the released products found In their supernatant after stimulation by thrombin, resulted In a comparable stimulation only at platelet concentrations above the ones for coincubation experiments. These findings suggest that the presence of platelets themselves or In combination with their released products are responsible for this amplification. The use of zymosan alone or coated with IgG, C3b1, C3b or OpZ did not reveal any specificity of the Inducer for this amplification suggesting that platelets and/or platelet products acted by enhancing acommon step of PMNs activation Independent of the stimulus carried by the particles. Additionally, It could be noted that the maximal effect of the amplification by platelets occurred when the level of stimulation of the PMNs alone was the weakest.
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Del Maschio, A., M. Albors, F. Bucchi, M. Tomasiak, V. Bertele, C. Cerletti, and G. de Gaetano. "HUMAN POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTE ACTIVATION INDUCED BY PLATELET ACTIVATING FACTOR (PAF)." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643482.
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Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) loaded with the photoprotein Aequorin, were exposed to PAF in the presence of extracellular Ca2+ (1 mM). PMNs aggregation measured In the “Platelet Ionized Calcium Aggregometer” (P.I.C.A.) was dependent on the concentration of the stimulus. Ca2+ cytoplasmatic increase was monitored in parallel at concentrations of PAF which did not modify cellular integrity (10-7-10-5M). The intracellular Ca2+ flux (up to 19±3 µM) triggered by PAF was also concentration-dependent. In order to establish the role played by this intracellular messenger, we studied some cellular responses possibly related to Ca2+ mobilization: enzymatic release, oxygen radicals production, and arachidonic acid metabolism. PAF induced release of both lysozyme , and β-glucuronldase (15% to 20% of the total enzyme content at the maximal concentration). However PAF (10-712-10“Vl) stimulated the production of only small amounts of oxygen radicals as compared to Phorbol Myristate Acetate (PMA). Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), the main arachidonic acid metabolite in PMNs and the products of its catabolism (20-OH and 20-C00H LTBO were assayed by two different technics (HPLC and RIA) in the same cellular suspensions. PAF (10-4 M)-stimulated PMNs (0.5-2xl07 cells/ml) did not produce any detectable amount of these arachidonic acid metabolites. In contrast, calcium ionophore A 23187 (2 μM)-stimulated PMNs (in the same range of cellular concentration) produce up to 170 ng/ml of LTB4. In conclusion, cytoplasmatic Ca2+ increase in PAF-stimulated PMNs was not accompanied either by oxygen radicals production or by activation of arachidonic acid metabolism catalyzed by 5-1 ipoxygenase.
Reports on the topic "PMWS"
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Opriessnig, T., and Patrick G. Halbur. Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) Surveillance Study. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1093.
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Page, Gregory F. PMUWS Acceptance Tests. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada227113.
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Rutten, Jacob Frederick, Michael Justin Carrillo, Justin Richard DiFino, and Randy James Warren. TA55-PMDS Programmatic Maintenance. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1597328.
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Yoxall, B., S. Watts, V. Castillo, A. Peer, and M. Zelinski. Tardigrade PMQs for IAP review. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1771031.
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Va'vra, Jaroslav. Corrosion of Glass Windows in DIRC PMTs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/787189.
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Kolos, K. NA22 Independent review questions from PMs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1716586.
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Akgun, Ugur. CMS HF calorimeter PMTs and Ξ$+\atop{c}$ lifetime measurement. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15020228.
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Field, C. Timing and Detection Efficiency Properties of Multi-Anode PMTs for a Focusing DIRC. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826537.
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Borges Hink, Raymond, and Emilio Piesciorovsky. GMLC 1.4.9 Technical Report: Data Analytics for Electrical Distribution Systems with Micro PMUs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1649516.
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Bregard, Carolyn, and Harold J. Schutt. The Program Manager's Support System (PMSS). An Executive Overview and Descriptions of Functional Modules. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada213674.
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