Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pmt'
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Canot, Clotilde. "Détecteur optique Cherenkov de photons 511 keV, rapide et efficace, pour l’imagerie TEP." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS190/document.
Full textPositron Emission Tomography (PET) is a nuclear imaging technique widely used in oncology and neuroscience to observe biological activity in the body. Detection of two gamma quanta with the energy 511 keV emitted by positron annihilation in tissues allows one to reconstruct the tracer activity distribution in the body of the patient. Additional measurement of the difference in time detection between the two photons lets us to improve significantly the quality of the reconstructed image (time-of-flight method).In this manuscript, we present the development of two innovative detectors, fast and efficient, used to detect Cherenkov light produced by electrons from the photo-ionization conversions of 511 keV gamma quanta. The first one, intended for use in a brain PET scanner of a high spatial resolution, uses TriMethylBismuth for the detection medium. The second one, planned to be used to construct a whole-body PET scanner, enforces a PbF₂ crystal as Cherenkov radiator. In both configurations a micro-channel photo-multiplier (MCP-PMT) is used to detect Cherenkov photons. We commissioned an electronic detection chain with a time resolution limited to 5 ps (RMS). Using precise MCP-PMT calibration, we were able to develop simultaneously detectors with high efficiency, up to 25 %, and time resolution as good as 200 ps (FWHM).We highlight the limitations of detectors time resolution and suggest several developments in order to improve performances of Cherenkov light detectors
Vieira, Patrícia Isabel dos Santos. "Determinação dos erros de medição associados ao ensaio PMT." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/2729.
Full textO dimensionamento de estruturas em engenharia tem a sua base assente no cálculo. Como tal torna-se fundamental o conhecimento da eficiência e da qualidade dos resultados. A obtenção dos parâmetros geotécnicos utilizados é baseada em ensaios in situ, e o seu cálculo depende da qualidade dos equipamentos de medição, da adequabilidade a cada situação e dos erros associados a cada um dos parâmetros. A dissertação apresentada baseia-se na análise de sensibilidade dos equipamentos de medição do ensaio Pressiómetro de Ménard, PMT a fim de verificar a qualidade da precisão associada e suas consequências no cálculo dos parâmetros geotécnicos de caracterização de maciços. ABSTRACT: The size of structures in engineering has its basis based on the calculation. As such it is fundamental knowledge of the efficiency and quality of results. The attainment of the geotechnical parameters used is based on testing in situ, and its calculation depends on the quality of measuring equipment, the adequacy of each situation and the errors associated with each of the parameters. The graduation work presented is based on the analysis of sensitivity of measuring equipment for the pressuremeter test, PMT to verify the quality of precision and their associated consequences in the calculation of geotechnical parameters for the characterization of soils.
María, C. Córdoba Llamas. "Selección de Personal basada en la misión: Prosocial Motivation Test (PMT)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/565507.
Full textChen, Yingtao. "Simulations and electronics development for the LHAASO experiment." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112147/document.
Full textThis thesis is focused on the study of the front-end electronics for the wide field of view Cherenkov telescope array (WFCTA), which is one of the large high altitude air shower observatory (LHAASO) detectors. The thesis manuscript covers six main topics going from the physics simulations to the implementation of a new data acquisition system. The physics of cosmic rays and the LHAASO experiment is presented giving foundation for discussion of the main topics of the thesis. Simulations were performed to understand the propagation of cosmic rays in the atmosphere and to determine the characteristics of the input signal of the electronics. These simulations allow also understand the specifications of the telescope and to verify them. A new PMT model was successfully built for both physical and electronic simulations. This new model is compared to other models and its performance is evaluated. Behavior models for the designs based on the classical electronics and application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) were built and studied. It is shown that both solutions fit the requirements of the telescope. However, considering the development of the micro-electronics, it is proposed that the electronics of the high-performance telescopes should be based on ASIC. The selected ASIC, PARISROC 2, is evaluated by using the existing application boards. The results showed that the designs considered could not fully demonstrate the real performance of the chip. Therefore, a prototype front-end electronics board, based on PARISROC 2, was designed, implemented and fabricated. Several modifications and enhancements were made to improve the performance of the new design. A detailed description of the development is presented and discussed in the manuscript. Furthermore, a new data acquisition system was developed to enhance the readout capabilities in the front-end test bench.Finally, a series of tests were performed to verify the concept of the design and to evaluate the front-end board. The results show the good general performance of the PARISROC 2 and that this design globally meets the specifications of the WFCTA. Based on the results of this thesis work, a new ASIC chip, better adapted for telescopes such as WFCTA, has been designed and is currently being fabricated
Giannini, Giulia. "Caratterizzazione di un rivelatore MCP-PMT per misure di risoluzione temporale e spaziale." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7291/.
Full textBennich-Björkman, Oscar, and Anton Nyström. "The Backup-Plan : En kvantitativ studie om säkerhetskopiering bland studenter på Uppsala universitet." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-297582.
Full textFew people backup their files frequently enough, even though they risk losing important files. Why is this? This paper has through a quantitative survey attempted to elucidate which factors have the biggest impact on this behavior and if there is a correlation between these. The data was collected using a questionnaire which got over 300 answers from students at Uppsala University. The results were analyzed using the theoretical framework “Protection Motivation Theory” (PMT) and was then compared to similar research. The results show that laziness and forgetfulness are the two biggest factors that the respondents themselves say have the biggest impact on their behavior. In addition to this the kind of program the student is attending also has an effect. The results show that the assessed probability of losing data and the severity of the problem of losing data have a positive correlation with how often backup is done, where assessed problem has the biggest impact. These results differ from what some of the earlier research has shown, but is in line with what PMT says about this behavior.
Heusch, Niklas. "Essays in development economics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663490.
Full textEsta tesis está compuesta por tres artículos independientes. El primer capítulo examina la atención sanitaria que los farmacéuticos, proveedores médicos muy comunes en algunos países en vías de desarrollo, proveen para enfermedades infantiles en Ghana y estudia los factores determinantes. Encuentro que la calidad de los tratamientos es baja y muestro evidencia de que esta´áausada por el bajo conocimiento de los farmacéuticos, y no por el bajo esfuerzo de éstos o la presencia de incentivos económicos perversos. Un ejercicio de simulación sugiere que el tratamiento adecuado no reduciría los beneficios de los farmacéuticos ni incrementaría los gastos de los clientes. En el segundo capítulo, examino la migración rural-urbana en Tanzania y proveo evidencia de la existencia de una selección sustancial en la migracióon urbana dentro de los residentes de los hogares agrícolas: aquellos que deciden mudarse aáreas urbanas son más educados y tienden a participar más en el mercado laboral antes de mudarse. Sin embargo, cambios en la situación económica de los hogares agrícolas tienen grandes impactos sobre la selección, sugiriendo que la habilidad para financiar la migración que tienen los hogares puede ser un obstáculo importante. En el tercer capitulo estudio el desempeño (debatido recientemente) del “proxy means testing” (PMT), un método econométrico que establece el estatus de pobreza de los hogares según un conjunto de información sobre las características de los hogares que se obtienen fácilmente. Brown et al. (2016) critican el desempeño del PMT; yo encuentro que estos resultados se deben a una calibración errónea: cuando la calibración se realiza para igualar la tasa de pobreza de la población, el PMT funciona mucho mejor y, aunque no es perfecto, puede seguir proveyendo con información útil a sus usuarios.
Legigan, Thibaut. "Étude de systèmes moléculaires programmés pour le ciblage thérapeutique d'agents anticancéreux." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2295/document.
Full textDespite several years of intensive research devoted to the discovery of novel anticancer agents, chemotherapy is still not entirely effective for the treatment of many solid tumors. Most of the drugs used clinically act by anti-proliferative mechanisms and lack any intrinsic selectivity, leading to severe adverse effects due to the destruction of normal tissues. Therefore, the development of more selective therapeutic approaches has become a major goal in medicinal chemistry. Within this framework, we have developed several nontoxic drug carriers designed for both the efficient recognition of malignant specificities and the controlled release of anti-neoplastic agents exclusively at the tumour site. First, we applied the concept of glucuronide prodrugs to MMAE and Cyclopamine in order to deliver these anticancer drugs at the tumor site. Indeed, glucuronide prodrugs can be selectively activated by B-glucuronidase present in high concentration in necrotic area of numerous solid tumors. Preliminary in vitro and in vivo evaluations of these prodrugs demonstrated the potential of this approach. Second, we studied the first B-glucuronidase-responsive albumin-binding prodrug designed for the selective delivery of doxorubicin at the tumor site. In vivo experiment conducted in mice show that this compound inhibits tumor growth in a similar manner to doxorubicin whilst avoiding side effects induced by the free drug. We also developed the first B-galactosidase-responsive drug delivery system suitable for the treatment of solid tumors in PMT. Such a targeting system can be selectively activated by lysosomal B-galactosidase located inside malignant cells expressing a specific tumor-a
Hultman-Boye, Tove. "Ungdomars, ledares och föräldrars upplevelser av 'KOMET för föräldrar till ungdomar 12-18 år'." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Psychology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7660.
Full textKometprogrammet började utvecklas 2001 och är en svensk variant av nordamerikanska manualbaserade föräldraträningsprogram. Varianten Komet 12-18 år riktar sig till föräldrar med utagerande ungdomar med syftet att bryta negativa beteendemönster genom att ändra föräldrarnas förhållningssätt till sina barn. Grundtankarna är hämtade från inlärningsteori, beteendeanalys, prevention och kognitiv beteendeterapi och bygger på evidensbaserad forskning. Syftet med studien är att bidra till utvecklingen av Komet 12-18 år och tillgodose ungdomsperspektivet med resultat från ungdomsintervjuer och –enkäter. Frågeställningen är om ungdomarna själva upplever någon förändring i sina föräldrars beteende och i så fall vilken efter genomgånget program. Ledarnas och föräldrarnas åsikter om programmet sammanfattas utifrån en enkätundersökning. Antalet deltagare blev lägre än väntat. Komets övergripande mål, att minska bråk och förbättra kommunikationen hemma, uppfylldes enligt de medverkande ungdomarna i genomsnitt men ungdomarna uttryckte sig försiktigare än både ledare och föräldrar angående förbättringen. Hos dem där förändring skett uppfattades den positivt och ungdomarna uppskattade ansträngningen från föräldrarna som främst mammorna stod för.
Boast, Kathryn. "A position-sensing system for the top PMT array in the LUX-ZEPLIN dark matter experiment." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1d0feedb-e335-4ea6-9420-ac3c28f3dcd2.
Full textRodrigues, Ge?rgia Cristiane. "BYOD como pol?tica de seguran?a em uma empresa: uma an?lise ? luz da PMT." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2015. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/20412.
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O avan?o da tecnologia m?vel, no que diz respeito ? disponibilidade de servi?os 3G/4G e da utiliza??o de Dispositivos como Smartphones e Tablets originou um novo fen?meno de comunica??o: BYOD (Bring Your Own Device), ? uma nova tend?ncia de neg?cios, onde os funcion?rios est?o utilizando seus pr?prios dispositivos para fins de trabalho. A r?pida expans?o de BYOD e as quest?es de seguran?a e privacidade de dados representam desafios significativos para as organiza??es. A resposta mais comum a essas preocupa??es ? a ado??o de pol?ticas corporativas que regem BYOD. Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar a inten??o dos funcion?rios em cumprir com a pol?tica de seguran?a da organiza??o no contexto de BYOD, quando os funcion?rios utilizam seus dispositivos pessoais para acessar recursos organizacionais para realizarem o trabalho, dentro ou fora do ambiente organizacional. Para tanto, foi utilizada a Teoria de Motiva??o a Prote??o (TMP) como embasamento te?rico. Em termos metodol?gicos, a presente pesquisa, ? do tipo descritiva e tamb?m explorat?ria com uma abordagem quantitativa. N?o aleat?ria ? o tipo de amostragem. Para coleta, foi aplicado um question?rio estruturado, tipo survey, com um conjunto de itens de medi??o para cada construto. A etapa de an?lise dos dados foi realizada por meio de utiliza??o de t?cnicas de estat?stica descritiva e an?lise multivariada, tais como a An?lise Fatorial Explorat?ria (AFE) e a Regress?o Linear M?ltipla (RLM). Do ponto de vista te?rico, os resultados demonstram que o modelo PMT fornece uma base te?rica s?lida para a investiga??o nesta ?rea. No entanto, os resultados tamb?m indicam que este modelo ? afetado por fatores contextuais, e que a escolha da amostra pode influenciar a import?ncia dos diferentes componentes do modelo. Portanto, o cuidado deve ser tomado na generaliza??o desses resultados para outros contextos e popula??es
The advancement of mobile technology, with regard to the availability of 3G / 4G and use of devices such as Smartphones and Tablets yielded a new communication phenomenon: BYOD (Bring Your Own Device), is a new business trend, where employees are using their own devices for work purposes. The rapid expansion of BYOD , data security and privacy issues pose significant challenges for organizations. The most common response to these concerns is the adoption of corporate policies governing BYOD. This study aims to analyze the intention of employees to comply with the organization's security policy in the context of BYOD, when employees use their personal devices to access organizational resources to develop work related tasks, inside or outside the organizational environment. Therefore, we will use the Motivation Theory Protection as theoretical basis. In terms of methodology, this research will be a descriptive and exploratory study with a quantitative approach. Nonrandom will be the type of sampling. For collection, a structured questionnaire, survey type, with a set of measurement items for each construct is applied. The data analysis step is performed by means of descriptive statistics, Exploratory Factor Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression. From a theoretical point of view, the results demonstrate that the PMT model provides a solid theoretical basis for research in this area. However, the results also suggest that this model is affected by contextual factors, and the selection of the sample may influence the importance of the different components of the model. Therefore, caution should be taken in generalizing these results to other settings and populations.
Postell, David Jonathan. "Laser Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy of molecular bromine: Observations of Emission to High Vibrational Levels in the Ground (X) State." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1186777955.
Full textHompis, George-Sigfrid. "Studentens Krisberedskap efter MSBs informationsblad." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-75406.
Full textThe society stands for different kind of crisis and the citizens doesn’t seem to have enough preparation. Municipalities and authorities do play a crucial role for the resident’s safety when a crisis occur but at the same time the residents have their own responsibility regarding preparation for eventual crisis that may occur. MSB year 2018 got a mission from the government to distribute an information flyer to the public for to be able to raze their knowledge about crisis preparation. The information flyer would work as a tool for the public for to be able to take responsibility in a crisis. The purpose of this paper is to examine how students experience that their crisis preparations and which factors affect theirs preparation to a potential crisis. The data has been collected through interviews with students who received the information flyer and the data material has be analyzed with a quality content analysis. The results showed that the information flyer had a little impact on the students interest of purchasing preparedness kit but on the other hand the students had started to get thoughts of preparedness and crisis. Information is a very strong component for the student’s preparedness, but also the students do have a knowledge which regard own responsibility if a crisis should occur. The main responsibility though lays as the students tell on the authorities for the civilian’s safety but also the information which is sent out to them. Beside that the students consider that the civilians have also an own responsibility to make sure that they get the information sent to them from the authorities and the municipalities. As the students say there must be a cooperation between the authorities and the residents. Beside that the students consider that the information which is sent must needs to be obtained from different kind of sources of the media for to be able to get a correct and full information of a situation. Moreover, the student’s surroundings can affect their crisis preparedness due to family and friends. Handling medicine is something that is pointed out the information flyer didn’t include. Some medicines need to be chilled and thus also the it is considered that this question is important. The students mean that the information flyer needs to be more specific for to cover this and have a wider benefit. Leadership is also something that the students see as important due to many of them doesn’t know how or what to do if a crisis should occur. This study could be generalized and affect more respondents beside students. Individuals in many different situations could reflect themselves in the situation the students in the study are in.
Meng, Yue. "The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50534.
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Moretti, Gabriele. "Studi sul guadagno dei fotomoltiplicatori per il luminometro LUCID dell'esperimento ATLAS a LHC." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7834/.
Full textClassen, Lew [Verfasser], and Alexander [Gutachter] Kappes. "The mDOM – a multi-PMT digital optical module for the IceCube-Gen2 neutrino telescope / Lew Classen ; Gutachter: Alexander Kappes." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2017. http://d-nb.info/1138837490/34.
Full textCustódio, Gisele Santos. "Investigação e análise de parâmetros geotécnicos obtidos com ensaios de laboratório e ensaios in situ (DMT, PMT, SPT, PDM)." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2003. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/9667.
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Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os parâmetros geotécnicos obtidos a partir de dados provenientes dos campos experimentais de Viçosa - M.G. (solo residual de gnaisse), e de Serra - Grande Vitória - E.S (solo residual proveniente de rocha sedimentar). Além disso, verifica a validade de algumas correlações encontradas na literatura e proposição de novas correlações baseadas nestes parâmetros. Foi feita a comparação entre a classificação unificada e a classificação quanto ao tipo de solo, obtidos pelo ensaio DMT, bem como a verificação da influência da sucção em alguns de seus parâmetros. São abordados os seguintes ensaios: (i) de campo: ensaio pressiométrico de pré-furo - PMT, ensaio dilatométrico - DMT, índice de resistência à penetração - SPT, ensaio de penetração dinâmica – PDM; (ii) de laboratório: ensaio edométrico, ensaio triaxial convencional, determinação da curva característica do solo, ensaios de caracterização (granulometria conjunta, massa específica dos sólidos, teor de umidade da amostra no estado natural, limite de liquidez, limite de xxviii plasticidade). Não foi realizado o ensaio PDM no campo experimental de Viçosa. No campo experimental de Serra, dentre os ensaios de laboratório, foram executados apenas os ensaios de caracterização. Como conseqüência deste estudo, infere-se a importância da consideração da sucção em parâmetros baseados na teoria clássica da mecânica dos solos, com o intuito de que não haja interpretações errôneas dos mesmos. Comparando-se as equações encontradas na literatura e as obtidas neste estudo, nota-se a existência de certa discrepância entre elas. Conclui-se então haver a necessidade da utilização de quaisquer correlações apenas para se prever a ordem de grandeza dos parâmetros envolvidos.
This work has the objective of analyzing the geotechnical parameters calculated from data of the experimental fields of Viçosa - M.G. (gnaisse residual soil), and from the Serra - Great Vitória - E.S (soil originating from residual sedimentary rock). Also it was verified the validity of some correlations found in the literature and proposition of new correlations based on these parameters. It was made the comparison between the unified classification and the classification in relation to the soil type, obtained by the DMT test, as well as the verification of the influence of the suction in some of these parameters. The field tests were: pressuremeter test - PMT, dilatometer test - DMT, Standard Penetration Test - SPT, Dynamic Manual Penetration Test- PDM and laboratory tests: Oedometer, conventional triaxial test, determination of soil characteristic curve, characterization test (united granulometric, specific mass of the solids, percentage of humidity of the sample in the natural state, liquidity limit, plasticity limit). The PDM test was not performed in the experimental field of xxx Viçosa. In the experimental field of the Serra, among the laboratory tests, the only one executed was the characterization tests. As a consequence of this study, it was noticed the importance of the consideration of the suction in parameters based on the classic theory of the mechanics of the soils, with the intention to prevent thaws erroneous interpretation of them. Comparing the equations found in the literature and the ones obtained in this study, it is noticed the existence of certain discrepancy among them. The need of correlations usage is concluded. In this case the in situ testing data should just be used to foresee the greatness order of the geotechnical parameters.
Fruchtman, Jacob Alexander. "Analysis on the Feasibility of a prototype SOFOS Telescope Module for Optical SETI." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1586779618246593.
Full textHerold, Björn [Verfasser], and Ulrich [Gutachter] Katz. "Simulation and Measurement of Optical Background in the Deep Sea Using a Multi-PMT Optical Module / Björn Herold ; Gutachter: Ulrich Katz." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2017. http://d-nb.info/1143232003/34.
Full textKiel, Florian [Verfasser], Achim [Akademischer Betreuer] Stahl, and Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] Schmidt. "Design and test of a power board for an intelligent PMT for the JUNO-detector / Florian Kiel ; Achim Stahl, Alexander Schmidt." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1190360888/34.
Full textMoeller, Anthony Richard. "Forward physics in CMS : simulation of PMT hits in HF and Higgs mass reconstruction methods with a focus on forward jet tagging." Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4700.
Full textCAPELLI, SIMONE. "Search for lepton flavour violating τ^+ → µ^+ µ^− µ^+ decay at LHCb and study on MCP-PMT detector for future LHCb Upgrade." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/10281/403459.
Full textThe physics analysis has been the primary focus of my research activity during the PhD. Within the CERN LHCb collaboration, I've performed an analysis of data collected during the LHC Run2 (2016, 2017 and 2018). The aim of this work is the search for the decay of the τ lepton into three muons (τ^+→µ^+µ^-µ^+), a decay that would violate the conservation of charged lepton flavour number (cLFV). The lepton flavour is an accidental symmetry of the Standard Model, and without the oscillations of neutrinos such decay would be prohibited. In the Minimal extended Standard Model the branching ratio B(τ^+→µ^+µ^-µ^+) is expected to be O($10^{-55}$), well below current and foreseen experimental sensitivity. Theories of physics beyond the Standard Model predict an enhancement of the τ^+→µ^+µ^-µ^+ decay within present experimental sensitivity O($10^{-10}$). This decay has not been observed to date, only upper limits have been established by B-factories (BaBar, Belle) or by hadron collider experiments (LHCb). The upper limit improvement implies strengthen of the constraints on exotic theories, while an observation of the decay would be a clear signal of New Physics. The analysis is performed separately for each year, and the data is divided into two subsamples depending on the number of muon candidates triggered by the LHCb muon system. Multivariate models are used to distinguish signal and background to enhance the signal sensitivity, and to define correction for data-simulation agreement. The Ds^+→φ(µ^+µ^-)π^+ channel is used as a reference channel to estimate the upper limit on the branching fraction. The expected upper limit is computed with the CLs method and results in 1.8(2.2)x10$^{-8}$ at 90%(95%) C.L.. The τ^+→µ^+µ^-µ^+ is an example of a very rare decay, and the analysis involving such decays will benefit from the increment of statistics that will be collected in the current Run3 and in the following Run4 period of data taking at the upgraded LHCb. The High-Luminosity phase of LHCb, starting with Run5 of the LHC, will provide a further boost to the amount of available data. The LHCb detector will need to undergo a second upgrade, to cope with the x10 increase of luminosity. Numerous studies and R&D projects are currently working on the development of technologies for the future detectors of LHCb. A part of my PhD project was devoted to work on a candidate photodetector for the upgraded Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH). I've characterized the timing performance of a multianode microchannel plate photomultiplier (MCP-PMT) in single photon regime. For the second upgrade it has been proposed to improve particle identification performance exploiting the use of precise timing information to cope with the increased pileup. MCP-based devices show excellent time resolution, but their use is critical due to saturation at rate above ~100kHz/mm$^2$. The expected rate that the future devices will have to stand is ~10MHz/mm$^2$. The Auratek-Square MCP-PMT produced by Photek is 53x53mm device with 64x64 anodes grouped into 8x8 pixels. The dependence of the time resolution from the bias voltage and the photon rate was assessed. When operating as single photon counter at low photon rate and with a single pixel illuminated it shows a transit time spread (jitter) of ~100ps FWHM, saturating at high rate, above ~100kHz/mm$^2$. Lowering the bias voltage between the photocathode and the MCP input or between the MCP slabs can reduce the worsening of the time resolution at high rate. The charge sharing between the neighbouring pixels can degrade the time resolution to ~170ps FWHM when the entire pixel area is illuminated, and could become a major crosstalk source if not accounted for.
Hunter, William Coulis Jason. "Modeling Stochastic Processes in Gamma-Ray Imaging Detectors and Evaluation of a Multi-Anode PMT Scintillation Camera for Use with Maximum-Likelihood Estimation Methods." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196121.
Full textBOUVIER, Emmanuel. "Conception, synthèse et évaluations biologiques de prodrogues du paclitaxel et du docetaxel activées par voie enzymatique dans le cadre des stratégies de chimiothérapie anticancéreuse ADEPT et PMT." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009862.
Full textBien que très utilisés en clinique (cancers du sein, de l'ovaire, du poumon), ils présentent un inconvénient majeur pour leur emploi : leur grande toxicité et leur mode d'administration induisent de graves effets secondaires. De plus, des phénomènes de résistance apparaissent également.
Une méthode efficace d'amélioration de ces composés est de les transformer en prodrogues moins cytotoxiques et plus hydrosolubles. L'intérêt prépondérant de cette transformation apparaît dans la possibilité de délivrer ces produits de manière mieux ciblée, plus spécifique des tumeurs. Elles pourront alors être utilisés dans le cadre du concept PMT (Prodrug Mono Therapy) ou dans une stratégie immunociblée de type ADEPT (Antibody Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy).
Dans cette optique, des prodrogues glucuronylées du paclitaxel et du docetaxel ont été conçues et synthétisées. L'espaceur employé est un espaceur double, reliant un carbamate de p-hydroxybenzyle à une chaîne diamine. Ces prodrogues ont été évaluées biologiquement (stabilité, cytotoxicité, hydrolyse enzymatique) pour valider cette approche. L'utilisation du nouvel espaceur a donné des résultats satisfaisants, en particulier pour les hydrolyses enzymatiques qui ont été améliorées par rapport à celles des prodrogues décrites précédemment. La conception et la synthèse de différents espaceurs applicables à la préparation d'autres prodrogues sont également présentées.
Bouvier, Emmanuel. "Conception, synthèse et évaluations biologiques de prodrogues du paclitaxel et du docetaxel activées par voie enzymatique dans le cadre des stratégies de chimiothérapie anticancéreuse ADEPT et PMT." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05P623.
Full textPaclitaxel (Taxol®) and its semisynthetic analogue docetaxel (Taxotere®) belong to a family of efficient antitumor drugs and have been approved for the treatment of various cancers (ovarian, breast, lung). Their clinical use brings about severe side-effects due to their innate toxicity and formulation. Their transformation in less cytotoxic and more hydrophylic prodrugs is a way to improve their clinical use. Moreover a selective delivery to tumors in PMT or ADEPT strategies is then possible. To reach this goal, some glucuronylated paclitaxel and docetaxel prodrugs with a double spacer (p-hydroxybenzyl linked to a diamine tether by means of a carbamate) have been synthesized. This approach was shown efficient by the good results of the biological studies (stability, cytotoxicity, enzymatic hydrolysis). The conception and the synthesis of spacers useful for the preparation of other prodrugs are also presented
Mancuso, Andrea. "Neutron Veto of XENONnT: final construction design of the system and extensive study and calibration of the PMTs." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19854/.
Full textLeas, Loranie, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Cardiovascular health behaviours and health needs among people with psychiatric disabilities." Deakin University. School of Psychology, 2004. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051208.095530.
Full textHildreth, Sherry Boston. "Investigation of Protein-Protein Interactions among Nicotine Biosynthetic Enzymes and Characterization of a Nicotine Transporter." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29698.
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Hildreth, Sherry B. "Investigation of Protein-Protein Interactions among Nicotine Biosynthetic Enzymes and Characterization of a Nicotine Transporter." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29698.
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Reubelt, Jonas [Verfasser], Uli [Akademischer Betreuer] Katz, and Uli [Gutachter] Katz. "Hardware studies, in-situ prototype calibration and data analysis of the novel multi-PMT digital optical module for the KM3NeT neutrino telescope / Jonas Reubelt ; Gutachter: Uli Katz ; Betreuer: Uli Katz." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2019. http://d-nb.info/1178117014/34.
Full textRamgolam, Kiran. "Effet des particules atmosphériques fines (PM2. 5, PM1) et ultrafines (PMO. 1) provenant de la région parisienne sur lépithélium respiratoire humain in vitro." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077040.
Full textEpidemiological studies have highlighted the health impacts of ambient particulate matter (PM), and especially on cardio-respiratory diseases. Inhaled PM induces an inflammatory response in the respiratory tract that results from an increased release of inflammatory mediators such as the pro-inflammatory cytokine GM-CSF. The aim of this work was to characterize in vitro the pro-inflammatory response induced by fine (PM2. 5 and PM1 : particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter les than 2. 5 and 1 um) and ultrafine (PM0. 1) particulate matter in human respiratory epithelial cells. The comparison of the size fractions of Paris aerosol (PMO. 03-0. 1, PMO. 1-1, PM1-2. 5 and PM2. 5-10) showed that fine PMO. 1-1 and ultrafine PMO. 03-0. 1 systematically induced the highest release of the pro-inflammatory biomarker GM-CSF. This pro-inflammatory effect was correlated to particle organic carbon content. The study of the mechanisms of the pro-inflammatory response induced by Paris PM2. 5 revealed that (1) the expression and release of the growth factor amphiregulin (AR) which is an EGF receptor (EGFR) ligand, were increased through EGFR and MAP Kinases activation and (2) AR participates in PM2. 5-induced GM-CSF release. These results strengthened the hypothesis of a higher reactivity of fine and ultrafine urban PM and highlighted for the first time the involvement of EGFR and its ligands in PM-induced pro-inflammatory response of respiratory epithelial cells
Ortakaya, Ahmet Fatih. "Multivariate Time Series Modeling Of The Number Of Applicants And Beneficiary Households For Conditional Cash Transfer Program In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610954/index.pdf.
Full texts human capital by providing basic preventative health care, regular school attendance and nutrition in the long run. Under the state of these aims, beginning from 1990s, more than 20 countries in the world started their own CCT program by the mediation or leadership of World Bank. CCT program in Turkey started so as to decrease the adverse effects of economic crisis in 2001 within the Social Risk Mitigation Project which was financially supported by the World Bank loan and constituted under the Social Assistance and Solidarity Foundation. CCT program in Turkey has been adopted by poor families in recent years, and demands and overall payments within the program have been increased significantly in a consideration of years. The need for examining and predicting the increase in these demands scientifically
and considering the fact that CCT is being applied over 20 countries, and such a study being never done before made this study necessary. In this thesis study, the change of CCT applications and number of beneficiary household over time were modeled using multivariate time series models according to geographical regions. Using the vector autoregressive models with exogenous variables (VARX), the forecasts were obtained for the number of CCT applications and beneficiary households in the future.
Hebecker, Dustin. "Development of a single photon detector using wavelength-shifting and light-guiding technology." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/23231.
Full textThe IceCube Neutrino Observatory is an in ice neutrino detector located at the geographic South Pole. In IceCube neutrinos are detected via Cherenkov light produced by secondary particles in neutrino interactions. For the upgraded detector IceCube-Gen2, new and improved light detectors are sought-after. This work describes the development of one of those light detectors based on a novel combination of wavelength-shifting and light-guiding technology. The detector named the Wavelength-shifting Optical Module (WOM) utilizes a large transparent tube, coated with wavelength-shifting paint as a passive photon detector. The wavelength-shifted light is guided via total internal reflection towards small active light detectors, at each end of the tube. This design reduces costs and improves the signal to noise ratio significantly, thereby potentially enabling extragalactic supernova detections in future detectors. As a core component, the wavelength-shifting tube is extensively investigated. Different measurement setups and evaluation techniques are developed and investigated. Iterative improvement of materials and coating techniques as well as measurement methods currently result in a combined photon capture, shift and transport efficiency of 28.1 +/- 5.4 % for the tube. Those results contrast the theoretical maximum of 74.5 %. A model is developed to describe the light propagation and loss processes in the tube and to understand the discrepancies between theory and measurement. The combination of the measurements with the model, validate the descriptive qualities of the model and show that most of the light is lost during the light propagation in the tube. Additionally, the physical properties of the WOM are included in the IceCube simulation framework. A comparison to a competing module showed that the WOM outperforms by a factor of 1.05 +/- 0.07 in photon detection numbers. Where applicable, suggestions and outlooks are given to enhance the performance of the WOM.
Kuwaiti, M. E. "The role of performance measurement systems in the design and implementation of business process re-engineering." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340872.
Full textLay, James. "La bourse et les mécanismes de financement des PMI-PME." Poitiers, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986POIT3009.
Full textIt was only in 1983 that the financial community took interest in middle sized firms with the creation of the second market. This new ceaseless structure replies to the wishes of the managers of these firms. For the generalization of this phenomena, all the financial middlemen (banks, stockbrokers, local stock-exchange. . . . ) have to put the emphasis on : prospection, informations, advices. In fact, getting in stock-exchange musn't be an unthinkly decision. Each firm muste be regarded as one particular case whiche requier a deep analysis. The key to success states on the elaboration of a complete get in dossier. This will end at the establishement of the real market price of the share. Yet, one hundred and sixtie companies have been welcomed on the second market ("hors cote d'acclimation" excluded) this situation allowed the financial market to regenerate itself with new younger companies
Moita, Michel. "Management par la logistique globale d'un réseau de PME-PMI." Toulon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUL2003.
Full textThe premises of our research can be described through a two-fold professional challenge. The France is under-equipped in terms of removable containers. What should be done to reduce this handicap? The S. C. M. (Supply Chain Management or global logistics) software are out of reach for small and midsize companies. How can they be organized in order to make them accessible? Our paper is designed in five parts: the introduction presents the teilhardian weltanschauung, the axiomatic of our research, the refutations of the "true thought", the modelling leads of the object and, the validation by the satisficing. The theoretical corpus of out thesis is founded on three theories : the constructivism, the General System, Simon "administrative " theory. We chose the field of the consular Chambers. We realized that the construction from scrap of a network is not realistic in the context of our thesis which led us to propose the systemic metaphor of the "Chambre de métiers" of Haute-Savoie
Moussaoui, Hassan. "Contribution à la connaissance des objectifs financiers des PME-PMI." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR1D312.
Full textLay, James. "La Bourse et les mécanismes de financement des PME-PMI." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375990069.
Full textKittler, Thomas [Verfasser], Gisela [Akademischer Betreuer] Anton, Gisela [Gutachter] Anton, and Alexander [Gutachter] Kappes. "Simulation and Reconstruction of Muon Tracks with the "multi-PMT Digital Optical Module" in Comparison to the "PINGU Digital Optical Module" for the IceCube-Gen2 High-Energy Array / Thomas Kittler ; Gutachter: Gisela Anton, Alexander Kappes ; Betreuer: Gisela Anton." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2020. http://d-nb.info/1215908024/34.
Full textNZOLOUFOUA, JUSTIN. "Essai d'analyse du comportement des entrepreneurs PME-PMI face à l'investissement." Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN0501.
Full textModern economy characterizes itself by a continuous increase that soon constrains the company to adapt itself to the market and fight against competition. Fortis increase a company must invest by getting benefits or reinforcing the acquired position. Facing with this fundamental choice, which is investment, the way of behaviouring is different according as you own to a big or small and middle - sized company. For this latter, the heterogeneity in population which composes it does constitute the result of a great disparity in attitudes and also in settlers reference values, values and attitudes are susceptible to justify individual behavior. As far as cognitive informations and personality components, they predispose the man in a certain behavior. Face to decisions regarding investment problems, the P. M. E. P. M. I. Contractor's behavior is generally concerning with subjective concerning with subjective considerations, hence it follows that the company other members are always playing a less important role in the elaboration of such decisions which, always in a great measure are reserved to the company dealer. The figuration this latter make himself of his company future increase may be confounded with his own values or personal perspectives
Larsen, Gerrit T. "Piezoresistive Models for Polysilicon with Bending or Torsional Loads." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2009. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd3165.pdf.
Full textRetourna, Christophe. "Analyse de cas concrets d'innovations dans les PME-PMI : problématiques et discussions." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30095.
Full textCoulibaly, Mamadou. "Les problèmes des PME/PMI de Côte d'ivoire et l'information économique et sociale." Bordeaux 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR30014.
Full textEconomic and social information is becoming more and more important in modern societies. Applied to an enterprise it constitutes an essential flow in the enterprise system. But if big firms have ways and means to treat this information, it is not the same for the smaller and the medium. So our duty consisted to replace this information in the context of ivoirian small and medium-sized enterprises. Thus, in a first part consecrated to ivoirian economy, we proved in spide of the crisis which is persisting for ten years, the authorities are trying to initiate promotion for these enterprises. For this purpose, a lot of assistance and promotion organisms have been created, but their results are too far from the expectations. In a second part, after having presented the different sources of production and diffusion, we have analysed the contents of fraternite matin, strategies economiques and marches tropicaux et mediterraneens, and we seen in spide of the diversity of sources they was not oriented in priority towards small and medium-sized enterprises. But is was not necessary to stop to this first analysis ; so the results of our investigations proved that many enterpri
Voyant, Olivier. "Contribution a l'elaboration d'un systeme de veille strategique intégré pour les PME-PMI." Lyon 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO22019.
Full textSpecialized journals as well as economic magazines are more and more about technological monitoring, competitive monitoring and strategic monitoring. However very few smes do master the notions related to these concepts : one always mixes up the information system with the monitoring, or the technological monitoring with the strategic monitoring, or else the strategic monitoring with the strategic analysis. Furthermore when companies are asked about their strategic monitoring system, statement can be made that they set up actions without identifying them : they seem to use strategic monitoring practices, and so believes the management, but they experience great difficulty making an inventory of such pratices. Consequently these actions may be redundant or ineffective or may lack of synergy, which treatens the company's preparing for present and future stakes. The present thesis aims at outlining a few answers to these questions. First of all, the theoretical elaboration of a strategic monitoring system is put forward in order to clarify the concepts studied. Secondly the system is "re-visited" thanks to experimentation. It consists on the one hand in proposing a specific diagnosis methodology of smes' strategic monitoring practices, and on the other hand in developing the identified system through a planning methodology. Lastly, after experimentation, the elaborated system is enriched by outlining the role of management tools and actors, which allows to strengthen the dynamic aspect of the proposed system
Lanoux, Blandine. "L'adoption par les PME-PMI des systèmes de gestion basés sur les processus." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR1EC12.
Full textThe thesis focuses on the following issue : "How and with what level of success can management systems based on processes be implemented in SMEs ?" The studied systems are quality models such as ISO 9000 standards or TQM (Total Quality Management). But more targeted systems are also examined such as JIT (Just-in-time) or ABM (Activity based Management). The research is based on an empirical study carried out within two Alsatian SMEs during a four year period, as part of a contract between these companies and the BETA laboratory. First, the apparent incompatibility between management tools and the flexible nature of small organizations leads to analyse the content of the process management tools and to question about their universal characteristic. Then, if the instruments can actually be adapted to SMEs specificities, what do we know about the implementation unfolding ? The decision to launch the implementation project is made by the head of the firms, who follows it through. So, it is important to understand who is the entrepreneur or the manager and how he interacts with his environment. By observing real behaviours, key-factors can be recognized in order to explain the success or the failure of management systems implementation in SMEs, in particular the roles of internal and external "relay runners" of the project
Akhimie, Regina Nicole. "Investigation of Rh2(II,II) complexes for applications in photochemotherapy and mismatch detection." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1511892689942643.
Full textGondran, Natacha. "Système de diffusion d'information pour encourager les PME-PMI à améliorer leurs performances environnementales." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00804929.
Full textPadula, Antonio Domingos. "Une méthodologie de diagnostic organisationnel global pour le conseil de direction en PME-PMI." Grenoble 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE21008.
Full textSmall and mid-sized firms are often confronted with problems of management beyond their human and material resources. One of the major expectations of executives is help from consultants to solve such problems. Accounting specialists are naturally called on by such firms. However, nowadays they aren't ready to satisfy executives's expectations. They feel the need for specific approachs and tools to ease their professional evolution towards more general managerial solutions for such firms. Considering this situation, we've formulated a research problem that takes into account the following points : the specificity of consulting activity to small and mid-sized firms and the development process of such organizations. Then we proposed a solution resulting from action research into the issue so as to conceptualize, formalize and validate a method of overall business diagnosis. By enriching first then making systematic hither-to-fore dispersed and fragmentary knowledge, we have filled in the gaps on knowledge as far as consulting activities towards small and mid-sized firms, as well as contributing to e better understanding of their transitional problems
Saade, Jad. "L'outil internet dans les PMI-PME et les stratégies à adopter : le cas libanais." Chambéry, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CHAML012.
Full textStrategies and modern development methods are an integral part of the world-wide environment. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) face new challenges and find themselves in a position to confront them in order to survive. We therefore found it significant to focus on the SMEs in Lebanon , a country living under permanent risk of war since 1975, located in an area impacted by conflicts of all kinds for several decades. As a result, the country bows under the weight of a lasting economical crisis, which on hand influences these SMEs by a decrease in demand, the consequence of a fall in consumer's purchasing power, and on the other hand, the decline of competitiveness. An essential modernity expression is illustrated in the internet phenomenon. Its application on SMEs and SMI (small and medium industries) is unavoidable, leading to the need of a study of the impact and difficulties causes by this application, as well as the Lebanese SMEs keys to success, and lastly to propose solutions that can be adapted in terms of strategy. Several topics have been studied through our thesis, including whether the new international economy, and moreover the massive development of the giant multinational businesses, jeopardize the Lebanese SMEs, as well as the data processing techniques adoption requirement in the SMEs activities structure, especially in the online business application , and the SMEs capacity to exceed the Lebanese frontier. In response to these points, we produced a theoretical framework to identify the specificities of Lebanese SMEs facing the globalization movement. We created an SME as our case study, the objective being to experiment with a geographical zone in order to expand the SMEs activities to embrace the planet. This experience permitted the noting of several observations for a different perspective on the globalization process, and subsequently an adopted tactics test and the evaluation of our strategy by defining and justifying the selected method, the observations to be collected and the analysis method used. The ultimate point raised in our thesis was the creation of a barometer with an aim of measuring the performance of SMEs in Lebanon, a step encouraged by several international factors, particularly the 2008 international economic crisis which originated in United States
Rouhani, Hassan. "Climate change impact on probable maximum precipitation and probable maximum flood in Québec." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8824.
Full textRésumé: Quand la température atmosphérique à la surface a des augmentations en raison du réchauffement climatique mondial, la capacité des niveaux atmosphériques inférieurs à contenir de la vapeur d’eau s’élève. Ceci peut influencer les précipitations et les inondations. C’est pourquoi le réchauffement mondial conduit au changement climatique. Les précipitations extrêmes et les inondations extrêmes peuvent potentiellement subir des changements, à savoir, la précipitation maximale probable (PMP) et la crue maximale probable (CMP). Cette recherche vise à analyser les influences du changement climatique sur la PMP et la CMP dans trois bassins versants avec différentes conditions climatiques à travers la province de Québec, Canada. Les bassins versants sont situés dans le sud, le centre et le nord du Québec. Ils ont été sélectionnés d’une manière qui reflète la diversité du climat à travers le Québec. Afin d'étudier les conditions du changement climatique, les sorties du modèle régional canadien du climat (MRCC) ont été utilisées. Cette base de données couvre un horizon de temps à partir de 1961 jusqu'à 2100. Les données comprennent la précipitation quotidienne, la température, l'humidité spécifique et l’énergie potentielle de convection disponible (EPCD). Ces données ont été utilisées pour estimer la PMP. La méthode de l’Organisation Météorologique Mondiale (OMM) a été adaptée pour estimer les valeurs de la PMP dans des conditions de changements climatiques. L'eau précipitable centennale (W100) a été choisie comme une limite supérieure de l'eau précipitable pour déterminer le rapport de maximisation. Les séries chronologiques pour estimer W100 ont été établies à partir de valeurs annuelles maximales d'eau précipitable qui sont associées à des valeurs de variables atmosphériques similaires à l'événement qui doit être maximisé. Les variables atmosphériques utilisées dans cette recherche sont la température atmosphérique à la surface et l'EPCD. Cette méthode ne nécessite pas de fixer une limite supérieure au rapport de maximisation et est donc plus propice à la détermination de la PMP dans un contexte des changements climatiques. La PMP résultante a été utilisée pour forcer un modèle hydrologique distribué afin d’estimer la CMP. Les valeurs de la PMP et de la CMP ont été estimées en trois horizons de temps: le passé récent, les futurs proches (2030) et lointains (2070). Dans les régions où la fonte des neiges joue un rôle clé dans le cycle hydrologique annuel, les crues printanières en climat actuel correspondent habituellement au débit maximum annuel. La PMP et la CMP ont cependant été analysées séparément en deux saisons: l'été-automne (sans neige) et l'hiver-printemps (accumulation et fonte de neige) pour évaluer l’impact des changements climatiques sur la saisonnalité de ces événements extrêmes. La plus grande valeur obtenue a été identifiée comme la PMP / CMP annuelle. La CMP d’été-automne a été estimée par l'insertion de la PMP pour chaque jour de l'horizon de temps de simulation. Par conséquent, toutes les conditions possibles d'humidité du sol avant l’événement de la PMP ont été incluses. En conséquence, une distribution des valeurs de CMP basées sur différentes conditions initiales (niveaux d'humidité du sol) a été obtenue. La CMP d’hiver-printemps a été estimée en insérant la valeur de PMP à la fin d'une période de fonte et une accumulation de neige extrême. Nos résultats montrent que dans le sud et le nord du Québec, la CMP a toujours lieu à la fin de la saison hiver-printemps lorsque l’accumulation de neige est maximale. Aussi, la PMP et la CMP au sud du Québec devraient diminuer, mais la tendance au centre et au nord du Québec serait inversée. Dans le centre et le nord, la CMP augmente de 22 et 21%, respectivement, à la fin du 21e siècle alors que pour la même période, CMP aurait une réduction de 13% dans le sud du Québec. La CMP annuelle de ces bassins versants se produit dans la saison hiver-printemps dans trois horizons temporels.