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Kousik, Chandrasekar S., Jennifer Ikerd, Mihir Mandal, Scott Adkins, and William W. Turechek. "Watermelon Germplasm Lines USVL608-PMR, USVL255-PMR, USVL313-PMR, and USVL585-PMR with Broad Resistance to Powdery Mildew." HortScience 53, no. 8 (August 2018): 1212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12979-18.
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McCreight, James D., G. Weston Bohn, and Thomas W. Whitaker. "PMR Honeydew Muskmelon." HortScience 22, no. 1 (February 1987): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.22.1.177.
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Abstract Greenflesh Honeydew (GFHD) musk-melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an erratic performer in the varied environments of Arizona, California (Imperial Valley and San Joaquin Valley), and Texas. The vines are susceptible to powdery mildew caused by Sphaero-theca fuliginea (Schlecht. ex. Fr.) Poll, and the cucurbit mosaic viruses including papaya ringspot virus (watermelon mosaic virus, see ref. 3), watermelon mosaic virus 2, and zucchini yellow mosaic virus. Common quality defects of the fruit include traces of net, nonuniform shapes and sizes, low soluble solids, thin flesh, the cavity becoming watery prior to best edibility, and poor flavor. This report describes PMR Honeydew, a recently released powdery mildew resistant honeydew breeding line.
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Hellmann, Ch, and K. Müller. "PMR und Internet." Physikalische Medizin, Rehabilitationsmedizin, Kurortmedizin 08, no. 06 (December 1998): 211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1061848.
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Ho, Christie K. M., Martin J. Auldist, Marlie M. Wright, Leah C. Marett, Bill Malcolm, and William J. Wales. "Economic Analysis of Offering Different Herbage Allowances to Dairy Cows Fed a Partial Mixed Ration." Animals 11, no. 6 (June 7, 2021): 1704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061704.
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The economics of grazing dairy cows offered a range of herbage allowances and fed supplements as a partial mixed ration (PMR) were examined where profit was defined as the margin between total milk income and the cost of pasture plus PMR supplement. The analysis made use of milk production and feed intake data from two dairy cow nutrition experiments, one in early lactation and the other in late lactation. In early lactation and at a PMR intake of 6 kg DM/cow per day, the profit from the cows with access to a medium herbage allowance (25 kg DM/cow per day) was AUD 1.40/cow per day higher than that for cows on a low allowance (15 kg DM/cow per day). At a higher PMR intake of 14 kg DM/cow per day, the profit from the cows on a medium herbage allowance was AUD 0.45/cow per day higher than the cows on a low allowance; there was no additional profit from increasing the herbage allowance from medium to high (40 kg DM/cow per day). In late lactation, the profit from the cows fed a PMR with a medium herbage allowance (20 kg DM/cow per day) was only higher than the cows on a low allowance (12 kg DM/cow per day) when the PMR intake was between 6 and 12 kg DM/cow per day. There was also a difference of AUD +0.50/cow per day between the PMR with medium and high herbage allowance (32 kg DM/cow per day). It was concluded that farmers who feed a PMR to dairy cows should offer at least a medium herbage allowance to optimize profit. While feeding additional PMR increases milk production and profit, further gains would be available by offering a higher herbage allowance. These findings provide an estimate of the net benefits of different herbage allowances when feeding a PMR and will enable farmers to manage their feeding systems more profitably.
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Auldist, M. J., M. M. Wright, L. C. Marett, M. C. Hannah, E. Kennedy, J. L. Jacobs, and W. J. Wales. "Milk production of cows grazing pasture supplemented by a partial mixed ration with or without canola meal." Animal Production Science 59, no. 4 (2019): 778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17346.
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Milk production responses were measured in grazing cows offered mixed rations with or without canola meal. Experiments were conducted in spring (Experiment 1; early lactation) and autumn (Experiment 2; late lactation). The experiments used 140 (Experiment 1) or 96 (Experiment 2) Holstein-Friesian multiparous dairy cows that had calved in late winter/early spring. Each experiment lasted 28 days including a 14-day adjustment period and a 14-day measurement period during which intake and milk production was measured. In each experiment, there were two dietary treatments: PMR: cows grazed a restricted pasture allowance (10–15 kg DM/cow per day, measured to ground level) supplemented with a PMR comprising wheat grain (60%, DM basis), lucerne hay (21%) and maize grain (19%); and PMR+C: cows were fed the same as the PMR cows, but some wheat grain in the PMR was replaced with solvent-extracted canola meal so that it comprised wheat grain (39%, DM basis), lucerne hay (21%), maize grain (19%) and canola meal (21%). The two treatments were randomly allocated to half the cows in each experiment. Cows were then further allocated into 10 groups of 7 cows (Experiment 1) or 8 groups of 6 cows (Experiment 2). Two groups of cows were assigned to receive a different amount of each ration: 8, 10, 12, 14 or 16 kg DM total supplement/cow per day for Experiment 1 and 6, 8, 10 or 12 kg DM total supplement/cow per day for Experiment 2. In Experiment 1, yields of energy corrected milk (ECM), milk fat, and milk protein were greater for PMR+C cows than PMR cows when 12 kg/cow per day of supplement or more was offered. Milk protein concentration was greater in PMR+C cows than PMR cows but only when 16 kg DM supplement/cow per day was offered. These changes in milk yield and composition were associated with increases in the intakes of pasture, supplement and total DM intake in the PMR+C cows compared with the PMR cows. In Experiment 2 there were no differences in milk yield or composition between PMR and PMR+C cows at any amount of supplement offered, nor were there any differences in intakes of pasture, supplement or total DM intake. It is concluded that replacing some of the wheat in a well-formulated PMR with canola meal can stimulate DMI and increase per-cow production of ECM when high amounts of supplement are fed in early lactation, but not late lactation.
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Muliani, Maryuni, Sumarnie, and Christian Radiafilsan. "MANAJEMEN EKSTRAKURIKULER PALANG MERAH REMAJA (PMR)." Equity In Education Journal 4, no. 1 (March 20, 2022): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37304/eej.v4i1.3490.
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Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan Manajemen Ekstrakurikuler PMR. Penelitian kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus ini dilaksanakan diMTsN 1 Palangka Raya. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini, meliputi: Kepala Sekolah, Wakil Kepala Sekolah bidang Kesiswaan, Guru Pembina, Ketua dan Pengurus PMR. Pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Analisis data melalui tahapan: pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Pengabsahan data menggunakan teknik triangulasi sumber dan member check.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Manajemen Ekstrakurikuler PMR di MTsN 1 Palangka Raya yang dilaksanakan dengan menerapkan fungsi-fungsi manajemen, yaitu: Perencanaan ekstrakurikuler PMR, Pengorganisasian ekstrakurikuler PMR, Pelaksanaan ekstrakurikuler PMR, dan Evaluasi ekstrakurikuler PMR, efektif menjadi sarana untuk menumbuhkan nilai-nilai kebaikan bagi siswa; Selain itu pula sebagai media pembinaan yang dapat menyokong perkembangan kemampuan, minat dan bakat peserta didik serta menjadi bekal bagi kemajuan bidang Kepalangmerahan peserta didik di masa mendatang. Abstract: This study aims to describe PMR Extracurricular Management. This qualitative research with a case study design was carried out at MTsN 1 Palangka Raya. Sources of data in this study, including: Principal, Deputy Principal for Student Affairs, Guiding Teachers, Chair and Management of PMR. Collecting data through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. Data analysis goes through the stages: data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions/verification. Validation of data using source triangulation and member check techniques. The results showed that PMR Extracurricular Management at MTsN 1 Palangka Raya which was carried out by implementing management functions, namely: PMR extracurricular planning, PMR extracurricular organization, PMR extracurricular implementation, and PMR extracurricular evaluation, effectively became a means to foster good values for the community. student; Besides that, it is also a coaching medium that can support the development of students' abilities, interests and talents as well as become a provision for the progress of the student's Red Cross field in the future.
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Yun, Choong-Soo, Chiho Suzuki, Kunihiko Naito, Toshiharu Takeda, Yurika Takahashi, Fumiya Sai, Tsuguno Terabayashi, et al. "Pmr, a Histone-Like Protein H1 (H-NS) Family Protein Encoded by the IncP-7 Plasmid pCAR1, Is a Key Global Regulator That Alters Host Function." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 18 (July 16, 2010): 4720–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00591-10.
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ABSTRACT Histone-like protein H1 (H-NS) family proteins are nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) conserved among many bacterial species. The IncP-7 plasmid pCAR1 is transmissible among various Pseudomonas strains and carries a gene encoding the H-NS family protein, Pmr. Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is a host of pCAR1, which harbors five genes encoding the H-NS family proteins PP_1366 (TurA), PP_3765 (TurB), PP_0017 (TurC), PP_3693 (TurD), and PP_2947 (TurE). Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) demonstrated that the presence of pCAR1 does not affect the transcription of these five genes and that only pmr, turA, and turB were primarily transcribed in KT2440(pCAR1). In vitro pull-down assays revealed that Pmr strongly interacted with itself and with TurA, TurB, and TurE. Transcriptome comparisons of the pmr disruptant, KT2440, and KT2440(pCAR1) strains indicated that pmr disruption had greater effects on the host transcriptome than did pCAR1 carriage. The transcriptional levels of some genes that increased with pCAR1 carriage, such as the mexEF-oprN efflux pump genes and parI, reverted with pmr disruption to levels in pCAR1-free KT2440. Transcriptional levels of putative horizontally acquired host genes were not altered by pCAR1 carriage but were altered by pmr disruption. Identification of genome-wide Pmr binding sites by ChAP-chip (chromatin affinity purification coupled with high-density tiling chip) analysis demonstrated that Pmr preferentially binds to horizontally acquired DNA regions. The Pmr binding sites overlapped well with the location of the genes differentially transcribed following pmr disruption on both the plasmid and the chromosome. Our findings indicate that Pmr is a key factor in optimizing gene transcription on pCAR1 and the host chromosome.
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Fukui, Shoichi, Takahiro Nunokawa, Satomi Kobayashi, Satoshi Kamei, Naoto Yokogawa, Yasunobu Takizawa, Kota Shimada, Shoji Sugii, and Keigo Setoguchi. "MMP-3 can distinguish isolated PMR from PMR with GCA: A retrospective study regarding PMR and GCA in Japan." Modern Rheumatology 26, no. 2 (August 19, 2015): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14397595.2015.1071304.
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Metwally, Mamdouh, Abdallah El-Shanawany, Abd El-Aziz Bayomi, and Mohsin El-Zareh. "PMR DETERMINATION OF PRAZIQUANTEL." Zagazig Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 4, no. 2 (December 1, 1995): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/zjps.1995.186264.
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Johnson, E. S. "PMR and relative risk." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 43, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 214–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.43.3.214.
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Parsons, James S. "Cholearthropathy Imitating Polymyalgia (PMR)?" Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 38, no. 6 (June 1990): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1990.tb01440.x.
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Kousik, Chandrasekar S., Jennifer L. Ikerd, Mihir K. Mandal, Scott Adkins, Craig G. Webster, and William W. Turechek. "Powdery Mildew–Resistant Bottle Gourd Germplasm Lines: USVL351-PMR and USVL482-PMR." HortScience 53, no. 8 (August 2018): 1224–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13067-18.
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Partington, Richard James, Sara Muller, Toby Helliwell, Christian D. Mallen, and Alyshah Abdul Sultan. "Incidence, prevalence and treatment burden of polymyalgia rheumatica in the UK over two decades: a population-based study." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 77, no. 12 (October 8, 2018): 1750–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213883.
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ObjectivePolymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is the most common inflammatory rheumatic disease in older people. Contemporary estimates of the incidence and prevalence are lacking, and no previous study has assessed treatment patterns at a population level. This study aims to address this.MethodsWe extracted anonymised electronic medical records of patients over the age of 40 years from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink in the period 1990–2016. The absolute rate of PMR per 100 000 person-years was calculated and stratified by age, gender and calendar year. Incidence rate ratios were calculated using a Poisson regression model. Among persons with PMR, continuous and total duration of treatment with glucocorticoids (GC) were assessed.Results5 364 005 patients were included who contributed 44 million person-years of follow-up. 42 125 people had an incident diagnosis of PMR during the period. The overall incidence rate of PMR was 95.9 per 100 000 (95% CI 94.9 to 96.8). The incidence of PMR was highest in women, older age groups and those living in the South of England. Incidence appears stable over time. The prevalence of PMR in 2015 was 0.85 %. The median (IQR) continuous GC treatment duration was 15.8 (7.9–31.2) months. However, around 25% of patients received more than 4 years in total of GC therapy.ConclusionsThe incidence rates of PMR have stabilised. This is the first population-based study to confirm that a significant number of patients with PMR receive prolonged treatment with GC, which can carry significant risks. The early identification of these patients should be a priority in future research.
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Auldist, M. J., L. C. Marett, J. S. Greenwood, M. M. Wright, M. Hannah, J. L. Jacobs, and W. J. Wales. "Replacing wheat with canola meal in a partial mixed ration increases the milk production of cows grazing at a restricted pasture allowance in spring." Animal Production Science 54, no. 7 (2014): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an13154.
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Milk production responses were measured in grazing cows offered supplements in different ways. Holstein–Friesian cows averaging 70 days in milk were allocated into 20 groups of eight, each including one rumen-fistulated cow. One of three dietary treatments was then randomly assigned to each of the 20 groups. Treatments were (1) Control (8 groups), where cows were supplemented with rolled wheat grain fed twice daily in the dairy and pasture silage provided in the paddock; (2) partial mixed ration (PMR; 8 groups), where cows were offered a PMR comprising rolled wheat grain, maize grain, maize silage and lucerne hay, which was presented on a feedpad immediately after each milking; the PMR was formulated to provide the same estimated metabolisable energy intake as the Control supplements; and (3) PMR+Canola (4 groups), where cows were fed in the same way as the PMR cows, except that a proportion of the wheat in the PMR was replaced with solvent-extracted canola meal. This ration was formulated to provide the same metabolisable energy as the Control and PMR treatments, but had greater amounts of crude protein. For Control and PMR treatments, supplements were offered at 8, 10, 12 or 14 kg DM/cow.day (2 groups per amount) while for the PMR+Canola treatment supplement was offered at 12 or 14 kg DM/cow.day (2 groups per amount). In addition to their supplements, all groups grazed an allowance of ~14 kg DM/cow.day (measured to ground level) of perennial ryegrass pasture. Yields of energy-corrected milk increased linearly with increasing supplement intake, but there was no difference between Control and PMR cows. When canola meal was added to the PMR, there was an increase in energy-corrected milk at a predicted supplement intake of 13.0 kg DM/cow.day. This was associated with a greater concentration and yield of milk fat in the PMR+Canola cows. Ruminal fluid pH and DM intake from pasture were also greater in PMR+Canola cows. It is concluded that farmers feeding high amounts of supplements to grazing cows could increase milk production by carefully considering the composition and form of the supplement mix, including the inclusion of canola meal.
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Mackie, Sarah L., Seher Arat, Jose da Silva, Catia Duarte, Sue Halliday, Rod Hughes, Marianne Morris, et al. "Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR) Special Interest Group at OMERACT 11: Outcomes of Importance for Patients with PMR." Journal of Rheumatology 41, no. 4 (February 1, 2014): 819–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.131254.
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We worked toward developing a core outcome set for clinical research studies in polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) by conducting (1) patient consultations using modified nominal group technique; (2) a systematic literature review of outcome measures in PMR; (3) a pilot observational study of patients presenting with untreated PMR, and further discussion with patient research partners; and (4) a qualitative focus group study of patients with PMR on the meaning of stiffness, using thematic analysis. (1) Consultations included 104 patients at 4 centers. Symptoms of PMR included pain, stiffness, fatigue, and sleep disturbance. Function, anxiety, and depression were also often mentioned. Participants expressed concerns about diagnostic delay, adverse effects of glucocorticoids, and fear of relapse. (2) In the systematic review, outcome measures previously used for PMR include pain visual analog scores (VAS), morning stiffness, blood markers, function, and quality of life; standardized effect sizes posttreatment were large. (3) Findings from the observational study indicated that asking about symptom severity at 7 AM, or “on waking,” appeared more relevant to disease activity than asking about symptom severity “now” (which depended on the time of assessment). (4) Preliminary results were presented from the focus group qualitative study, encompassing broad themes of stiffness, pain, and the effect of PMR on patients’ lives. It was concluded that further validation work is required before a core outcome set in PMR can be recommended. Nevertheless, the large standardized effect sizes suggest that pain VAS is likely to be satisfactory as a primary outcome measure for assessing response to initial therapy of PMR. Dissection of between-patient heterogeneity in the subsequent treatment course may require attention to comorbidity as a potential confounding factor.
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Rajbhandari, Rateena, Puja Amatya, and Shova Shrestha. "Neonatal and perinatal mortality trend among 23,000 babies delivered during three years at an urban university teaching hospital of Nepal." Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v6i2.27239.
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Introductions: Perinatal mortality rate (PMR) of Nepal is 31 deaths per 1000 pregnancies and neonatal mortality rate (NMR) is 21 deaths per 1000 live births according to Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2016. This study aims to analyse the trend of PMR and NMR of babies delivered at Patan hospital, Nepal.
Methods: This was a retrospective study done in the department of Pediatrics to analyse the trend of neonatal and perinatal outcome of babies delivered during three years from April 2016 to March 2019 at Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal. Data was collected from hospital records and perinatal audit. The mode of delivery (vaginal, instrumental, caesarian), birth status (sex, premature, still, live, APGAR, birth weight) and final outcome (neonatal and perinatal mortalities) were analyzed descriptively using Microsoft Excel 2010.
Results: The final outcome of total 22937 deliveries during three years were PMR 4.34, corrected PMR 10.85 per 1000 total births and NMR 3.62 per 1000 live births. There were 22913 (99%) live births, 3090 (13.3%) had low birth weight, 11898 (52%) spontaneous vaginal delivery, 10700 (47%) cesarean and 339 (1.5%) instrumental deliveries.
Conclusions: The overall PMR was 4.34 per 1000 total births and NMR was 3.62 per 1000 live births at Patan Hospital.
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Casman, Casman, Yulia Fauziyah, Ikha Fitriyana, and Cecep Triwibowo. "PERBEDAAN EFEKTIFITAS ANTARA LATIHAN FISIK DAN PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION (PMR) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR GULA DARAH PUASA PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2." Jurnal Ilmiah PANNMED (Pharmacist, Analyst, Nurse, Nutrition, Midwivery, Environment, Dentist) 10, no. 2 (January 28, 2019): 246–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36911/pannmed.v10i2.309.
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Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type 2 is one of metabolism problems caused by resistance or deficiency of insulin with common symptoms of hiperglycemia where the value of Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) concentrate higher than 125 mg/dL. Physical exercise and PMR is recommended effort for DM patient to reduce FBS concentrate. This research is conducted to know difference of effectiveness between physical exercise with PMR to reduction of FBS concentrate of DM type 2 patient in area of work Suraneggala Primary Health Center Cirebon Regency. This research used pra experiment with approach was one group pretest posttest design. Samples in research is 30 respondents selected used purposive sampling (15 respondents were given treatment of physical exercise, DM gymnastics 3 times per week for four month and 15 respondents were given treatment of PMR 2 times per day in the morning and afternoon for six days respectively). One session of exercise lasted 30 minutes. The result of this research showed effectiveness between physical exercise effective with PMR to reduction of FBS concentrate is not difference, which suggest independent t test the value of p=0,927 (p>0,05). Physical exercise and PMR has same influence to reduce of FBS concentrate, the value of p=0,000. Means of FBS concentrate after physical exercise decreased from 171,93 to 121,73 mg/dL, means of FBS concentrate after PMR also decreased from 204,04 to 155,47 mg/dL. The conclusion of this research showed effectiveness between physical exercise with PMR to reduction of FBS concentrate in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 patient is not difference.
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Abu-Shanab, O. L., C. P. Chang, and M. D. Soucek. "Polyphosphazene Toughened PMR-type Thermosets." High Performance Polymers 8, no. 3 (September 1996): 455–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-0083/8/3/010.
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Two new polyphosphazenes, poly(4-maleimidophenoxy/phenoxy)phosphazene and poly(4-phthalimidophenoxy/phenoxy)phosphazene, were prepared and used to toughen a PMR polyimide designated LaRCTMRP46. These toughened polyimides were evaluated as thin films with a 0–40 wt% range of polyphosphazene to polyimide. The structure–property relationships of these inorganic/organic polymeric matrices were studied and evaluated in terms of fracture toughness, thermo-oxidative stability, and thermal, mechanical, and tensile properties. The hybrid systems revealed an increase in fracture toughness up to 20 wt% polyphosphazene load without any substantial loss in tensile properties. With 5 wt% poly(4-phthalimidophenoxy/phenoxy)phosphazene loading, the fracture toughness of the semi-interpenetrating network was increased by 124%. When 10 wt% poly(4- maleimidophenoxy/phenoxy)phosphazene loading was used, the fracture toughness of the grafted copolymer was improved by 217%. In addition, substantial enhancement in thermo-oxidative stability was also observed.
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Cimmino, M. A., and D. Camellino. "11. Steroid schedules in PMR." Rheumatology 53, suppl 2 (July 1, 2014): i6—i7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keu193.
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Pizem, Hillel, Olga Gershevitz, Yossi Goffer, Aryeh A. Frimer, Chaim N. Sukenik, Uma Sampathkumaran, Xavier Milhet, et al. "Titania Deposition on PMR-15." Chemistry of Materials 17, no. 12 (June 2005): 3205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm047962f.
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Conn, Victoria, and Nancy Edwards. "The Portable Medication Record (PMR)." Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 22, no. 3 (1999): 288–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0095231.
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Marque, P., and F. Depiesse. "Regional PMR associations – Round Table." Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 55 (October 2012): e45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2012.07.114.
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Lauer, Bernward, Fabian Stahl, Sophie Bratanow, and Gerhard Schuler. "Die perkutane myokardiale Laserrevaskularisation (PMR)." Herz 25, no. 6 (September 2000): 557–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00001968.
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Xie, Wei, Wei-Ping Pan, and Kathy C. Chuang. "Thermal characterization of PMR polyimides." Thermochimica Acta 367-368 (March 2001): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6031(00)00698-5.
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Yliruusi, Jouko. "L7 PMR—Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Research." European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 34, no. 1 (June 2008): S10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2008.02.022.
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Soutar, I., B. Woodfine, P. N. Preston, V. B. Jigajinni, N. J. Stewart, and J. N. Hay. "Structure-property relationships in PMR-type polyimide resins: 1. Novel anthraquinone-based PMR resins." Polymer 34, no. 24 (December 1993): 5048–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(93)90247-8.
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Justine, D., S. Aghiles, A. Lohse, G. Carvajal Alegria, E. Dernis, C. Richez, M. E. Truchetet, et al. "POS0718 IS IT POSSIBLE TO EVALUATE POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA WITHOUT CRP? CONCORDANCE AND AGREEMENT BETWEEN DIFFERENT PMR-AS ACTIVITY SCORES IN POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 646.1–647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.1638.
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BackgroundThe main treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is based on corticosteroid, but sparing agents are a major unmet need and many new treatments are evaluated to avoid corticosteroid side effects in PMR. To monitor the disease, one disease activity score has been developed specifically for polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), the PMR-AS (activity score) also called CRP-PMR-AS. It is a composite index built as an algebraic sum of morning stiffness, elevation of the upper limbs, physician’s global assessment, patient’s pain assessment and the C reactive protein (CRP). However, treatments of PM such as IL-6 antagonists or corticosteroid can normalize CRP level. Derived PMR-AS have been described to avoid such bias: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) PMR-AS, Clinical PMR-AS and CRP-imputed PMR-AS but the concordance and the correlation between these scores are unknown.ObjectivesOur primary objective was to measure the correlation and concordance of the PMR-AS and the other activity scores and our secondary objective was to evaluate the weight of CRP in the PMR-AS.MethodsThe SEMAPHORE trial (Safety and Efficacy of tocilizumab versus Placebo in Polymyalgia rHeumatica with glucocORticoid dEpendence), a superiority randomized double-blind parallel placebo-controlled trial in patients with active PMR despite corticosteroid treatment, investigated whether tocilizumab resulted in higher rates of low disease activity compared to a placebo, after 24 weeks. Four different PMR-AS have been measured. Using kappa coefficient, intra class correlation coefficient, scatter plots and Bland Altman graphics, we evaluated the concordance and correlation between CRP-PMR-AS, ESR PMR-AS, Clinical PMR-AS and imp-CRP PMR-AS across the entire population and by treatment group (placebo versus Tocilizumab) for different cut offs (1.5; 7; 10; 17) at each visit (inclusion, week 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24).Results100 patients received at least one dose of tocilizumab (49 patients) or placebo (51 patients) and were included in the analyses from inclusion to week 24. The correlation between the different PMR activity scores were excellent in the global analysis (Figure 1) but also in the two groups of treatment. Intraclass coefficients were all higher than 0.9 (Table 1). Bland Altman graphics using PMR-AS as a reference showed that differences between scores are low regardless of PMR-AS. Kappa coefficients between CRP-PMR-AS and the other three scores showed a good agreement (>0.8) (Table 1) at week 24.Figure 1.Scatter plots for the whole population at inclusionTable 1.ICC and kappa between different PMR activity scores for the whole populationICC (all patients all visits)ICC (95% CI)CRP PMR-AS and ESR PMR-AS0.991 (0.990-0.992)CRP PMR-AS and Clin PMR-AS0.991 (0.990-0.992)CRP PMR-AS and Imp PMR-AS0.988 (0.987-0.989)Kappa at week 24 (cut off 10)KappaCRP PMR-AS and ESR PMR-AS0.9562 (0.8961-1)CRP PMR-AS and Clin PMR-AS0.9133 (0.8304-0.9962)CRP PMR-AS and Imp PMR-AS0.8529 (0.7581-0.9577)ConclusionThe correlation between different PMR activity scores using or not CRP are excellent reflecting the low weight of CRP in the baseline composite index. In clinical trial using drugs that have an impact on CRP, CRP-PMR-AS or others, including clinical PMR-AS, can be used.REFERENCES:NIL.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsD’AGOSTINO Justine: None declared, Souki Aghiles: None declared, Anne Lohse: None declared, Guillermo CARVAJAL ALEGRIA: None declared, Emmanuelle Dernis: None declared, Christophe Richez: None declared, Marie-Elise Truchetet: None declared, Daniel Wendling: None declared, ERIC TOUSSIROT: None declared, Aleth Perdriger: None declared, Jacques-Eric Gottenberg: None declared, Bruno Fautrel: None declared, Laurent Chiche: None declared, Pascal Hilliquin: None declared, CATHERINE LE HENAFF BOURHIS: None declared, Dervieux Benjamin: None declared, Guillaume DIREZ: None declared, Isabelle CHARY VALCKENAERE: None declared, Divi Cornec: None declared, Dewi Guellec: None declared, THIERRY MARHADOUR: None declared, Nowak Emmanuel: None declared, Alain Saraux: None declared, Valerie Devauchelle-Pensec Grant/research support from: Roche Chugai.
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Dyiono, Niecola Jody Setiawan, and Tamara Maharani. "Optimasi Pemilihan Ketua Palang Merah Remaja (PMR) dengan Metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) di SMK Muhammadiyah Kajen." Journal of Electrical, Electronic, Mechanical, Informatic and Social Applied Science 2, no. 2 (December 3, 2023): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.58991/eemisas.v2i2.41.
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Pemilihan Ketua Palang Merah Remaja (PMR) memiliki peran yang penting dalam membentuk kepemimpinan pada organisasi PMR di SMK Muhammadiyah Kajen. Kepemimpinan Ketua PMR tidak hanya berdampak pada jalannya kegiatan PMR, tetapi juga memberikan pengaruh dalam mengembangkan keterampilan sosial, kemandirian, dan tanggung jawab anggota organisasi PMR. Proses seleksi yang tepat memegang andil yang besar dalam memastikan bahwa Ketua PMR yang dipilih memiliki kompetensi, dedikasi, dan integritas yang sesuai dengan orientasi organisasi PMR. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengoptimalkan metode konvensional dalam memilih pemimpin PMR dengan menggunakan metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW). Teknik ini digunakan untuk melakukan penilaian dari kriteria yang telah ditentukan. Teknik SAW diproses dengan memberikan bobot pada setiap atribut, diikuti dengan proses perankingan untuk menentukan pilihan yang terbaik. Hasil dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan memberikan kontribusi kepada pembina PMR di SMK Muhammadiyah Kajen dalam meningkatkan optimalisasi proses seleksi pemilihan ketua PMR.
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D'Agostino, Justine, Aghiles Souki, Anne Lohse, Guillermo Carvajal Alegria, Emanuelle Dernis, Christophe Richez, Marie-Elise Truchetet, et al. "Concordance and agreement between different activity scores in polymyalgia rheumatica." RMD Open 10, no. 1 (March 2024): e003741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003741.
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ObjectiveThe C reactive protein polymyalgia rheumatica activity score (CRP-PMR-AS) is a composite index that includes CRP levels and was developed specifically for PMR. As treatments such as interleukin-6 antagonists can normalise CRP levels, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of PMR-AS, the clinical (clin)-PMR-AS and the imputed-CRP (imp-CRP)-PMR-AS have been developed to avoid such bias. Our primary objective was to measure the correlation of these activity scores. Our secondary objective was to evaluate the concordance between different cutoffs of the PMR-ASs.MethodData from the Safety and Efficacy of tocilizumab versus Placebo in Polymyalgia rHeumatica With glucocORticoid dEpendence (SEMAPHORE) trial, a superiority randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial, were subjected to post hoc analysis to compare the efficacy of tocilizumab versus placebo in patients with active PMR. The CRP-PMR-AS, ESR-PMR-AS, clin-PMR-AS and imp-CRP-PMR-AS were measured at every visit. The concordance and correlation between these scores were evaluated using kappa correlation coefficients, Bland-Altman correlations, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and scatter plots.ResultsA total of 101 patients were included in the SEMAPHORE trial, and 100 were analysed in this study. The correlation between the PMR-ASs was excellent, as the ICC and kappa were >0.85 from week 4 until week 24 (CRP-PMR-AS ≤10 or >10). Bland-Altman plots revealed that the differences between the CRP-PMR-AS and the other threescores were low. The cut-off values for the clin-PMR-AS were similar to those for the CRP-PMR-AS 86% of the time.ConclusionThe correlation between all the PMR-ASs was excellent, reflecting the low weight of CRP. In clinical trials using drugs that have an impact on CRP, the derived activity scores can be used.Trial registration numberNTC02908217.
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Burg, L. C., P. Brossart, C. Behning, and V. S. Schäfer. "AB0465 ANALYSIS OF VASCULITIS PATTERNS IN PATIENTS WITH GIANT CELL ARTERITIS COMPARED TO PATIENTS WITH GIANT CELL ARTERITIS AND POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1531.3–1531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5469.
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Background:Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) often coexist.1The role of modern ultrasound in diagnosis of GCA as well as PMR is well known.2To date it is unknown, whether patients with GCA and PMR have a different vasculitis pattern in ultrasound (US) examination than patients with GCA only.Objectives:To prospectively identify differences in vasculitis patterns in consecutive patients with newly diagnosed GCA and PMR compared to newly diagnosed GCA patients without PMR.Methods:US examination of the arteries typically affected in GCA, such as axillary arteries, vertebral arteries, superficial temporal arteries with both frontal and parietal branches and facial arteries was performed in patients with GCA and PMR (GCA-PMR-group) as well as in patients with GCA only (GCA-group) at time of first diagnosis. Arteries were defined as pathological, if measured intima-media-thickness by US was above respective cut-off values.3Results:The GCA-PMR-group consisted of 27 patients, the GCA-group of 18 patients. In the GCA-PMR-group, a total of 206 arteries were affected, while in the GCA-group 131 arteries were affected. Mean age and gender distribution was 74 years (SD± 9) with 10 (37%) females in the GCA-PMR-group and 76 years (SD± 9) with 10 (55%) females in the GCA-group. Median values of C-reactive protein (CRP) were 57.2 (IQR 31.7-75.7) in the GCA-group and 48.3 (IQR 17.5- 79.9) in the GCA-PMR-group, no significance was observed (p= 0.3577). Mean number of affected arteries per patient was 7.63 and 7.28 in the GCA-PMR-group and GCA-group, respectively. Altogether, no significant difference in vascular pattern between the two groups was observed. Exact numbers, distribution and IMT-values for all measured arteries are depicted in table 1.Conclusion:In our cohort, we did not observe a significant difference in vascular patterns between patients with GCA and PMR and GCA only patients.References:[1]Salvarani C, Cantini F, Hunder GG. Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant-cell arteritis. The Lancet 2008;372:234–45.[2]Dejaco C, Ramiro S, Duftner C, et al. EULAR recommendations for the use of imaging in large vessel vasculitis in clinical practice. Ann Rheum Dis 2018;77:636–43.[3]Schäfer VS, Juche A, Ramiro S, Krause A, Schmidt WA. Ultrasound cut-off values for intima-media thickness of temporal, facial and axillary arteries in giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017;56:1479–83.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Burg, Lara C., Pantelis Karakostas, Charlotte Behning, Peter Brossart, Tanaz A. Kermani, and Valentin S. Schäfer. "Prevalence and characteristics of giant cell arteritis in patients with newly diagnosed polymyalgia rheumatica – a prospective cohort study." Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease 15 (January 2023): 1759720X2211499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1759720x221149963.
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Background: It is known that giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) often occur together. So far, the prevalence of GCA in newly diagnosed PMR patients has not been evaluated in a prospective ultrasound study. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of GCA using vascular ultrasound in patients with newly diagnosed PMR. Design: A consecutive cohort of newly diagnosed PMR patients was prospectively evaluated for the presence of GCA with the use of systematic musculoskeletal and vascular ultrasound examination. Methods: Overall, 60 patients with newly diagnosed PMR were prospectively enrolled. Symptoms and laboratory findings were collected. All patients underwent ultrasound of shoulder and hip joints, and vascular ultrasound evaluating the facial, temporal, carotid, vertebral and axillary arteries. Patients were diagnosed with GCA if they had ultrasound imaging findings of GCA. Patients with PMR (PMR-group) and patients with PMR and GCA (PMR–GCA-group) were compared, and a C-reactive protein (CRP) cut-off value was evaluated. Results: GCA was diagnosed in 28 of 60 PMR patients (46%). The PMR-group consisted of 20 (62.5%) females with a mean age of 69 (±9.9) years, while the PMR–GCA-group consisted of 11 (39.3%) females with a mean age of 74 (±8.4) years. In 13 of 28 patients (46%) in the PMR–GCA-group, GCA was subclinical and only diagnosed by ultrasound. The PMR–GCA-group showed higher values of joint effusion and significantly higher CRP values. A CRP cut-off value of 26.5 mg/litre (reference range 0–5 mg/litre) yielded a sensitivity of 66% with a specificity of 73% for GCA. Conclusion: GCA was found in 46% of newly diagnosed PMR patients; 22% of the patients with PMR had asymptomatic GCA. Joint effusions were higher in the PMR–GCA-group, with significant results for the hip joint. A CRP cut-off value of ⩾26.5 mg/litre in PMR can help in the identification of subclinical GCA.
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Desvages, Anne, Florent Hives, Xavier Deprez, Adeline Pierache, Hélène Béhal, René-Marc Flipo, and Julien Paccou. "Usefulness of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Diagnosing Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Large-Vessel Vasculitis: A Case-Control Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 8 (April 13, 2023): 2844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12082844.
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Introduction: We aimed to evaluate the utility of FDG-PET/CT in diagnosing polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and associated large-vessel vasculitis (LVV). Methods: We analyzed FDG-PET/CT completed between 2015 and 2019 on patients diagnosed with PMR. For comparisons, patients with PMR were matched 1:1 to controls based on age and gender. FDG-PET/CT had been completed on the controls over the same period. The FDG uptake was scored visually for 17 articular or periarticular sites and 13 vascular sites using a semi-quantitative scoring system (score of 0–3). Results: Eighty-one patients with PMR and eighty-one controls were included (mean age 70.7 (9.8) years; 44.4% women). Significant differences between the PMR and control groups were found at all articular and periarticular sites for the following: (i) the FDG uptake score (p < 0.001 for all locations); (ii) the number of patients per site with significant FDG uptake (score ≥ 2); (iii) the global FDG articular uptake scores (31 [IQR, 21 to 37] versus 6 [IQR, 3 to 10], p < 0.001); and (iv) the number of sites with significant FDG uptake (score ≥ 2) (scores of 0–17) (11 [IQR, 7 to 13] versus 1 [IQR, 0 to 2], p < 0.001). No significant differences in the global FDG vascular uptake scores were found between the patients who were considered isolated PMR and the control groups. Conclusions: The FDG uptake score and the number of sites with significant FDG uptake could be pertinent criteria for the diagnosis of PMR. Unlike others, we did not confirm the presence of vascular involvement in patients with isolated PMR.
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Dasgupta, B., A. Hutchings, J. Hollywood, and L. Nutter. "Autoantibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide in a PMR inception cohort from The PMR Outcomes Study." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 67, no. 6 (January 21, 2008): 903–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2007.081935.
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El Miedany, Y., M. Toth, M. Elgaafary, S. Bahlas, M. H. Abu-Zaid, W. Hassan, S. A. A. Tabra, W. Elwakil, S. Saber, and N. Kamel. "POS0215 CLASSIC VERSUS ATYPICAL POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA: TWO SIDES OF THE SAME COIN OR MISCLASSIFICATION?" Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 334.1–335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.1065.
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BackgroundPMR is usually diagnosed based on the patient’s clinical history and confirmed by the presence of an elevated inflammatory markers ESR and CRP. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, steroid therapy is commenced, and their response is usually rapid and dramatic. However, sometimes patients may present with symptoms similar to PMR but do not meet the 2012 EULAR/ACR criteria. It is not well known if these atypical patients represent a subtype of PMR or another musculoskeletal inflammatory condition.Objectives1. to compare the clinical, laboratory and sonographic patterns in patients presenting with classic PMR versus those with atypical PMR symptoms. 2. To assess whether ultrasonography of the shoulders and hips has added value for PMR subclassification.MethodsLongitudinal multi-center prospective study of patients presenting with PMR symptoms and their respective US scans of the shoulders and hips. The patients were stratified into a cohort of classic PMR who meet the 2012 EULAR/ACR criteria; and a group of atypical PMR presenting with symptoms similar to classic PMR but did not fulfil the 2012 EULAR/ACR criteria. Every patient was assessed clinically, had blood tests for ESR, CRP, basic rheumatology blood profile, urine analysis (to rule out microscopic hematuria), CK, bone profile, rheumatoid factor, anti-CCP, ANA, TSH and HbA1c. US scan was carried out for both shoulders and hips. The patients were treated according to agreed protocol and monitored for 12-months.Results104 patients (68 women and 36 men) with a mean age±SD of 63.2±9.7 years. Eighty-one (84/104) patients had classic PMR and 20 (19.3%) atypical PMR. Patients with atypical PMR had shorter duration of symptoms (8.1 + 1.3 Vs 14.6 + 1.5 weeks). In the atypical PMR patients, pain in the hip/pelvic girdle was more frequent (100% vs 60.1%), whereas shoulder girdle pain was less (50% vs 98), in comparison to the classic PMR patients. Arthritis was less common in the atypical PMR cohort (15% Vs 42%), similarly GCA was less prevalent in the atypical PMR (5% Vs 20.2%). Patients with classic PMR were more likely to have bilateral abnormal ultrasound findings in the shoulder (particularly subdeltoid bursitis [92%] and biceps tenosynovitis [83.3%]), as well as in the hips [78.6%] than the atypical PMR subjects where US findings tend to be unilateral (shoulder 50% and the hip 75%). Systematic symptoms: fatigue, weight loss, fever were more common in the classic PMR than atypical PMR (%). No significant difference on comparing morning stiffness in both groups. Both patients’ groups responded very well to steroid therapy with significant improvement in the symptoms in 2-4 weeks’ time.ConclusionPatients with atypical PMR could represent an early form of the classic PMR. Atypical PMR used to have a shorter evolution of symptoms, have predominantly hip/pelvic girdle affection. US of the shoulders and hips may have an added value for stratifying PMR patients and differentiating atypical PMR from other musculoskeletal conditions.REFERENCES:NIL.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
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Ulfah, Suci Melani. "Pendekatan Matematika Realistik (PMR) Dengan Media Visual." Kalam Cendekia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan 10, no. 2 (October 4, 2022): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jkc.v10i2.65761.
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<p>Pemberian metode dan media yang benar untuk pelajaran matematika kelas 1 perlu adanya peningkatan. Kesalahan yang sering dijumpai adalah guru hanya menggunakan metode ceramah tanpa media dalam pelajaran Bangun datar. Oleh sebab itu, peserta didik kurang memahami materi yang disampaikan oleh guru. Maka, guru perlu mencari solusi terkait pemberian metode dan media visual yang tepat kepada peserta didik kelas 1. Metode Pendidikan Matematika. Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman matematika tentang bangun datar dengan menggunakan media visual dan metode ang tepat metode Pendekatan Matematika Realistik (PMR). Hasilnya adalah 1) metode pendekatan matematika realistik (PMR) dan media visual dapat meningkatkan pembelajaran matematika di Kelas satu. 2) Hubungan metode PMR dengan Media visual membutuhkan waktu yang lama karena tingkat ketuntasan pembelajaran matematika perlu beberapa siklus untuk mencapai ketuntasan penuh. Kesimpulan dari artikel ini adalah penggunaan metode pendidikan matematika realistik (PMR) dengan media visual dapat meningkatkan pembelajaran matematika pada kelas I.</p>
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Kawaguchi, T., M. Ogasawara, K. Yamaji, and N. Tamura. "AB1109 THE TIME-TO-EVENT ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICATION OF ULTRASOUND TO DISTINGUISHING PMR." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1844.3–1844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5325.
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Background:Japan is the world’s most aged country. The number of patients with polymyalgia rheumatic (PMR) is expected to increase more.Classification criteria including ultrasound findings were published in 2012(1), but the ability to differentiate PMR from other mimicking diseases was unknown.It is difficult to diagnose PMR accurately. We will clarify whether recently reported ultrasound findings (2, 3) which could be characteristic in PMR are helpful for distinguishing from other mimicking diseases and treatment outcome in suspected PMR patients. Neither diagnostic laboratory test nor specific antibody exist, and inflammatory markers such as C reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate are not specific.Objectives:Patients who were clinically suspected of PMR and underwent ultrasound examination from 2008 to 2018. And Patients who visited the hospital with PMR and were diagnosed with PMR from 2008 to 2018.Methods:Patients who visited the hospital and were diagnosed with PMR were extracted from the medical record database of the hospital. Patients who had been administrated GC at the first visit and whose records were not confirmed were excluded. Patients who were clinically diagnosed with PMR without ultrasound(Cli-PMR), patients who were diagnosed with PMR with ultrasound reports(US-Cli-PMR), patients who were diagnosed by the ultrasound expert only based on ultrasound images(US-PMR).Patient were followed up for one year. Clinical diagnoses were confirmed at the 6 months and 12 months since the first GC administration.Three groups were compared with each other in the rate of diagnosis change and the time intervals between the initiation of GC treatment and the occurrence of events: recurrence, methotrexate introduction and the normalization of C reactive protein.the Kaplan–Meier method was used to evaluate the outcomes. Statistical analyses were conducted with R software, version 3.5.2 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing) and EZR(4).Results:545 PMR patients were extracted. 403 of 545 was excluded because of preexisting GC therapy and record availability.At the 6 months follow-up, 92.8% of the non-US PMR group and 97% of US-PMR group remain PMR and at the 12 months follow-up 88.8% and 95% respectively. There was no significant difference in the three time-to-event outcomes.Conclusion:Ultrasound did not contribute the improvement of the PMR outcomes. However, this finding was affected by confounding factors for example assignment to ultrasound and atypical cases and rheumatologists’ uncertainness. Despite confounding factors, US-PMR group was not inferior. These findings showed that ultrasound may be useful for the complicated cases.References:[1]ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISMVol. 64, No. 4, April 2012, pp 943–954[2]Clin Med Insights Arthritis Musculoskelet Disord 2017;10: 1179544117745851.[3]Biomed Res Int 2017;2017: 4272560.[4]Bone Marrow Transplantation 2013: 48, 452–458Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Russo, V. M., L. C. Marett, M. M. Wright, M. J. Auldist, and W. J. Wales. "Whole-tract digestibility and nitrogen-use efficiency of partial mixed rations with and without canola meal." Animal Production Science 57, no. 7 (2017): 1398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an16511.
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Increasing the crude protein (CP) concentration of a ration fed to grazing dairy cows by adding canola meal can increase milk production. The present study investigated the effect of extra CP intake on nitrogen-use efficiency and the fate of the additional dietary nitrogen (N). Sixteen spring-calved rumen fistulated cows were housed in metabolism stalls for a 9-day period and offered one of the following four treatment diets: (1) 8 kg DM/cow.day of fresh perennial ryegrass (PRG) supplemented with 12 kg DM/cow.day of a partial mixed ration (PMR) comprising oaten hay, crushed maize and wheat grain (PMR 8); (2) 12 kg DM/cow.day of fresh-cut PRG and 12 kg DM/cow.day of PMR (PMR 12); (3) the same as for PMR 8 cows, except some wheat in the PMR was replaced with canola meal (PMR+C 8); and (4) the same as the PMR 12 cows, except some wheat in the PMR was replaced with canola meal (PMR+C 12). The PMR and the PMR+C diets were iso-energetic, but the canola meal provided extra CP. Crude protein intake was 14.4%, 14.8%, 16.8% and 17.4% DM for PMR 8, PMR 12, PMR+C 8 and PMR+C 12 respectively. The addition of canola meal increased DM intake (P < 0.05) from 20.4 to 21.6 kg/day and increased N intake (P < 0.001) from 478 to 590 g/day. Nitrogen digestibility increased (P < 0.05) from 67% to 71%, nitrogen-use efficiency decreased (P < 0.05) from 37% to 32% and urinary-N output increased (P < 0.01) from 118 to 160 g/day, indicating that the additional CP fed resulted in additional N surplus. Energy-corrected milk yield for the experimental period was 34 ± 3.1 kg/cow.day (mean ± s.d.); however, due to the low number of cows, the ability to rigorously assess the effects on milk production was limited.
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Haut, Sheryl R., Richard B. Lipton, Susannah Cornes, Alok K. Dwivedi, Rachel Wasson, Sian Cotton, Jeffrey R. Strawn, and Michael Privitera. "Behavioral interventions as a treatment for epilepsy." Neurology 90, no. 11 (February 14, 2018): e963-e970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000005109.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of a stress-reduction intervention in participants with medication-resistant epilepsy.MethodsAdults with medication-resistant focal epilepsy (n = 66) were recruited from 3 centers and randomized to 1 of 2 interventions: (1) progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) with diaphragmatic breathing, or (2) control focused-attention activity with extremity movements. Following an 8-week baseline period, participants began 12 weeks of double-blind treatment. Daily self-reported mood and stress ratings plus seizure counts were completed by participants using an electronic diary, and no medication adjustments were permitted. The primary outcome was percent reduction in seizure frequency per 28 days comparing baseline and treatment; secondary outcomes included stress reduction and stress–seizure interaction.ResultsIn the 66 participants in the intention-to-treat analysis, seizure frequency was reduced from baseline in both treatment groups (PMR: 29%, p < 0.05; focused attention: 25%, p < 0.05). PMR and focused attention did not differ in seizure reduction (p = 0.38), although PMR was associated with stress reduction relative to focused attention (p < 0.05). Daily stress was not a predictor of seizures.ConclusionsBoth PMR and the focused-attention groups showed reduced seizure frequency compared to baseline in participants with medication-resistant focal seizures, although the 2 treatments did not differ. PMR was more effective than focused attention in reducing self-reported stress.ClinicalTrials.gov identifierNCT01444183.
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Hare, K., T. J. DeVries, K. S. Schwartkopf-Genswein, and G. B. Penner. "Does the location of concentrate provision affect voluntary visits, and milk and milk component yield for cows in an automated milking system?" Canadian Journal of Animal Science 98, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2017-0123.
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Eight Holstein cows were used in a cross-over design to test whether concentrate allocation in an automated milking system (AMS) affects dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production. Cows were fed a high-energy partial mixed ration (HE-PMR) with 0.5 kg of AMS concentrate or a low-energy PMR (LE-PMR) with 5.0 kg of AMS concentrate. The AMS concentrate intake was greater and PMR intake was reduced for LE-PMR than HE-PMR. Milk, fat, and protein yields were not affected by treatment. In a guided-traffic flow barn, providing a PMR with greater energy density increases DMI, but has no effect on milk and milk component yield.
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Yin, Y., Y. Yuan, L. Fan, C. Xie, and Z. Zhang. "Intrinsic functional connectivity of cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuitry underlying psychomotor retardation in major depressive disorder." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.262.
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IntroductionPsychomotor retardation (PMR) in depression is analogous to the hypokinesia in Parkinson's disease, which is associated with the unbalanced direct and indirect pathways of cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical (CBTC) circuitry. This study hypothesized PMR in major depressive disorder (MDD) should be associated with the hyperactivity of CBTC indirect pathways.ObjectivesTo substantiate the hypothesis that the PMR symptom of MDD might attribute to the hyperactivity of the ortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical indirect pathway which could inhibit psychomotor performance.MethodsWe investigated the intrinsic stiato-subthalamic nucleus (STN)-thalamic functional connectivity (FC), three pivotal hubs of the indirect pathway, in 30 MDD patients with PMR (PMR group) and well matched 30 patients without PMR (NPMR group) at baseline, and 11 patients of each group at follow-up who remitted after antidepressant treatment.ResultsThe results showed increased STN-striatum FC of PMR group at baseline and no more discrepancy at follow-up, and significant correlation between PMR severity and thalamo-STN FC.ConclusionsOur findings suggested the increased STN- striatum FC should be considered as a state biomarker to distinguish MDD patients with PMR from patients without PMR at acute period, and thalamo-STN FC could be identified as the predictor of the PMR severity for MDD patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Furic, Luc, Nadine Hein, Rita Ferreira, Konstantin Panov, Alisee Huglo, Richard Rebello, Eric Kusnadi, Denis Drygin, Mustapha Haddach, and Ross Hannan. "Abstract 3326: PMR-116, a second generation RNA Polymerase I inhibitor." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (March 22, 2024): 3326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-3326.
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Abstract Introduction: Inhibition of RNA Polymerase I, the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of ribosomal RNAs, the nucleic scaffold of ribosomes, has been proven as a novel therapeutic target as most cancer cells are "addicted" to ribosome biogenesis. Methods: In collaboration with Pimera Inc, we developed and tested the efficacy of a second generation RNA polymerase I inhibitor, PMR-116, in various pre-clinical cancer models. On-target activity of PMR-116 was confirmed in peripheral blood cells isolated from patients with solid tumors enrolled in a phase I trial of PMR-116. Results: PMR-116 potently inhibits Pol I transcription with ~200 fold higher selectivity towards Pol I compared to Pol II transcription. PMR-116 inhibits rRNA synthesis by stalling the Pol I complex at the rDNA promoter preventing promoter escape and consequently elongation. PMR-116 anti-cancer activity was evaluated against a panel of over 100 cancer cell lines representative of 20 major types of solid and haematological malignancies. This new Pol I inhibitor exhibited broad anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activity with an IC50 ranging from 32-4500nM and a median IC50 of 300nM. In contrast, cells derived from normal tissues were significantly less sensitive (IC50 ranging from 6-33μM). In vivo, PMR-116 significantly improved survival and reduce tumor burden in several preclinical models such as Vk*MYC transgenic model of indolent multiple myeloma, CT26 xenograft model of colorectal cancer, MMTV-PyMT transgenic model of metastatic breast cancer, mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL)-eleven nineteen leukemia (ENL)+Nras acute myeloid leukemia (+/-p53 mutation) and patient-derived xenografts of prostate cancer and AML. In a phase I trial of PMR-116, on-target activity of PMR-116 was observed in cells derived from the peripheral blood. Conclusion: PMR-116 significantly reduced cancer growth in a wide range of tumor models, including GEMM, syngeneic and PDX models. PMR-116 is undergoing clinical testing in phase I in solid tumors with the objective to determine maximum tolerated dose and identify a phase II dose. Citation Format: Luc Furic, Nadine Hein, Rita Ferreira, Konstantin Panov, Alisee Huglo, Richard Rebello, Eric Kusnadi, Denis Drygin, Mustapha Haddach, Ross Hannan. PMR-116, a second generation RNA Polymerase I inhibitor [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 3326.
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Drucker Iarovich, Moran, Ricarda Hinzpeter, Brian Michael Moloney, Katrina Hueniken, Patrick Veit-Haibach, Claudia Ortega, and Ur Metser. "Comparison of 68Ga-DOTATATE Positron Emmited Tomography/Computed Tomography and Gadoxetic Acid-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Detection of Liver Metastases from Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors." Current Oncology 31, no. 1 (January 16, 2024): 521–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31010036.
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This study aimed to compare the detection of neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases (NLMs) in hepatobiliary-specific contrast-enhanced MRI (pMR) versus 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT (DT-PET). This retrospective study cohort included 30 patients with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors who underwent both DT-PET and pMR. Two readers independently assessed NLMs count, SUVmax on DT-PET, and signal characteristics on pMR. A consensus review by two additional readers resolved discrepancies between the modalities. Results showed concordance between DT-PET and pMR NLM count in 14/30 patients (47%). pMR identified more NLMs in 12/30 patients (40%), of which 4 patients showed multiple deposits on pMR but only 0–1 lesions on DT-PET. DT-PET detected more in 4/30 patients (13%). Overall, pMR detected more metastases than DT-PET (p = 0.01). Excluding the four outliers, there was excellent agreement between the two methods (ICC: 0.945, 95%CI: 0.930, 0.958). Notably, pMR had a higher NLM detection rate than DT-PET, with correlations found between lesion size on pMR and DT-PET detectability, as well as diffusion restriction on pMR and SUVmax on DT-PET. In conclusion, in consecutive patients with well-differentiated NETs, the detection rate of NLM is higher with pMR than with DT-PET. However, when excluding patients whose tumors do not overexpress somatostatin receptors (13% of the cohort), high concordance in the detection of NLM is observed between DT PET and pMR.
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Burg, L. C., C. Behning, P. Brossart, and V. S. Schäfer. "SAT0254 PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PREVALENCE OF GIANT CELL ARTERITIS IN CONSECUTIVE PATIENTS WITH POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1070.2–1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5497.
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Background:Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common form of systemic vasculitis affecting people aged 50 years and older.1Although it is known, that GCA often coexists with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR)2, prevalence of GCA in consecutive patients with PMR has not been investigatedObjectives:To prospectively examine the prevalence of GCA in consecutive patients with PMR by vascular ultrasound (US).Methods:Patients with newly diagnosed PMR fulfilling the ACR /EULAR classification criteria3were included. Vascular US examination of the extracranial arteries typically involved in GCA, such as axillary arteries, vertebral arteries, common carotid arteries, superficial temporal arteries with both frontal and parietal branches, occipital arteries, facial arteries and the central retinal arteries was performed in all PMR patients. Diagnosis of GCA was made, if intima-media thickness (IMT) was above respective cut-off values.4Results:Fifty patients with diagnosis of PMR underwent vascular US. Twenty-three patients (46%) had PMR without GCA (PMR-group). The mean age in this group was 71 years (SD ± 10) with seventeen (73%) females. In twenty-seven PMR patients (54%) GCA was diagnosed (GCA-PMR group); the mean age in this group was 74 years (SD ± 9) with ten (37%) females respectively. Mean C-reactive protein (CRP) values were 29.4 mg/l (SD±24.5) in the PMR-group and 52.2 mg/l (SD±43.2) in the GCA-PMR-group. Although different mean values between the PMR-group and the GCA-PMR-group were observed, CRP values did not differ significantly between the two groups (p = 0.1432). Ten (37%) patients of the GCA-PMR group did not have GCA symptoms and diagnosis of GCA was only determined by ultrasound examination. Symptoms and numbers of patients with respective symptoms are depicted in Table 1 and 2.Table 1.Symptoms and signs in both groupsSymptoms and signsGroupPMR-groupGCA-PMR-groupMorning stiffness22 (95%)23 (85%)≥1 shoulder with synovits or bursitis trochanterica12 (52%)13 (48%)≥1 shoulder or hip with synovitis or bursitis11 (48%)14 (51%)hip pain23 (100%)23 (85%)No other joints affected22 (95%)26 (96%)PMR-group: patients with diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica onlyGCA-PMR-group: patients with diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatic and giant cell arteritisConclusion:Prevalence of GCA in patients with PMR in our cohort was 54%. Ten (37%) patients with GCA and PMR did not have any GCA symptoms. Performing vascular US in patients with PMR can be useful to diagnose a clinical inapparent GCA. Prompt onset of the respective therapy could prevent complications of GCA and improve disease outcome.References:[1]Warrington KJ, Matteson EL. Management guidelines and outcome measures in giant cell arteritis (GCA). Clin Exp Rheumatol 2007;25:137–41[2]Salvarani C, Cantini F, Hunder GG. Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant-cell arteritis. The Lancet 2008;372:234–45.[3]Dasgupta B, Cimmino MA, Kremers HM, et al. 2012 Provisional classification criteria for polymyalgia rheumatica: a European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheum 2012;64:943–54.[4]Schäfer VS, Juche A, Ramiro S, Krause A, Schmidt WA. Ultrasound cut-off values for intima-media thickness of temporal, facial and axillary arteries in giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017;56:1479–83.Table 2.Number of patients in each group with symptoms of giant cell arteritisSymptomsGroupPMR-groupGCA-PMR-groupVisual symptoms2 (9%)8(30%)Headache2 (9%)9 (33%)Jaw claudication4 (18%)10 (38%)Scalp tenderness0 (0%)5 (19%)No GCA symptoms15 (65%)10 (37%)PMR-group: patients with diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica onlyGCA-PMR-group: patients with diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatic and giant cell arteritisDisclosure of Interests:None declared
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Ramon, A., H. Greigert, C. Cladière, M. Ciudad, P. Ornetti, B. Bonnotte, and M. Samson. "POS0494 ARTERIAL WALL DENDRITIC CELLS IN GIANT CELL ARTERITIS (GCA) AND POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA (PMR)." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 501.2–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.3953.
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BackgroundPolymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is an inflammatory rheumatic disease (1) associated in 16 to 21% of cases with giant cell arteritis (GCA). The association of these two conditions raises the question of a pathophysiological continuum between PMR and GCA. An early study reported mature arterial wall dendritic cells (DC) in patients with GCA or PMR leading, during GCA, to CD4+ T cell recruitment and the development of vasculitis (2). However, these data have never been confirmed in other studies. There are 3 main types of DC: plasmacytoid DC (expressing CD123), conventional DC (cDC) expressing CD141 (cDC1) or CD1c (cDC2) and monocyte-derived DC (mo-DC) expressing CD14.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to describe the arterial wall infiltrating DCs, their phenotype and maturation state, during PMR and GCA.MethodsUsing temporal artery biopsies (TAB) from patients with PMR, GCA and healthy controls, the level of expression of CD11c, CD83, CCR7, CCR6, CD1c, CCL18, CCL19, CCL20, CCL21, GM-CSF, CD3, CD68 genes was assessed by RT-PCR. Expression of markers of DC lineage (CD209), DC maturation state (CD83 and CCR7) and DC origin (CD14, CD68, CD1c, CD141) were studied by confocal microscopy.ResultsFourty-one patients were included (14 GCA, 16 PMR, 11 controls). Within the arterial wall, DCs were identified in GCA patients, with a mature DC phenotype (CD209+CD83+CCR7+). DC were present in all three layers of the arterial wall and also expressed CD14 and often CD68 but neither CD1c nor CD141, which could be explained by a monocytic/macrophage origin. TAB from GCA patients were characterized by a high level of expression of CD83, CCR7, CCR6, CCL18, CCL19, CCL20, CD11c, GM-CSF, CD3 and CD68 gene. This expression was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to the control and PMR groups.Confocal microscopy analyses of arteries from the PMR and controls did not detect the presence of DCs into the arterial wall. In addition, level of expression of CD83, CCR7, CCL18, CCL19, CCL21 and CD68 genes in temporal arteries was comparable between PMR and healthy controls.ConclusionThis work confirms the presence of mature CD209+CD83+CCR7+ DCs within the arterial wall in GCA. The phenotype of these DCs mainly fits with DC of monocytic origin (mo-DCs). However, both by RT-PCR and confocal microscopy, we did not identify DCs in the arterial wall of PMR patients. This discrepancy with previous work (3) could be explained by a better diagnosis of GCA in PMR patients since the development of imaging techniques.References[1]Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Giant-Cell Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:50-7.[2]Samson M, Corbera-Bellalta M, Audia S, Planas-Rigol E, Martin L, Cid MC, et al. Recent advances in our understanding of giant cell arteritis pathogenesis. Autoimmun Rev. 2017;16:833-44.[3]Ma-Krupa W, Jeon M-S, Spoerl S, Tedder TF, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. Activation of Arterial Wall Dendritic Cells and Breakdown of Self-tolerance in Giant Cell Arteritis. J Exp Med. 2004;199:173-83.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared.
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Fruth, Martin, Lucie Künitz, Philipp Martin-Seidel, Styliani Tsiami, and Xenofon Baraliakos. "MRI of shoulder girdle in polymyalgia rheumatica: inflammatory findings and their diagnostic value." RMD Open 10, no. 2 (May 2024): e004169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2024-004169.
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BackgroundNon-synovial inflammation as detected by MRI is characteristic in polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) with potentially high diagnostic value.ObjectiveThe objective is to describe inflammatory MRI findings in the shoulder girdle of patients with PMR and discriminate from other causes of shoulder girdle pain.MethodsRetrospective study of 496 contrast-enhanced MRI scans of the shoulder girdle from 122 PMR patients and 374 non-PMR cases. Two radiologists blinded to clinical and demographic information evaluated inflammation at six non-synovial plus three synovial sites for the presence or absence of inflammation. The prevalence of synovial and non-synovial inflammation, both alone and together with clinical information, was tested for its ability to differentiate PMR from non-PMR.ResultsA high prevalence of non-synovial inflammation was identified as striking imaging finding in PMR, in average 3.4±1.7, mean (M)±SD, out of the six predefined sites were inflamed compared with 1.1±1.4 (M±SD) in non-PMR group, p<0.001, with excellent discriminatory effect between PMR patients and non-PMR cases. The prevalence of synovitis also differed significantly between PMR patients and non-PMR cases, 2.5±0.8 (M±SD) vs 1.9±1.1 (M±SD) out of three predefined synovial sites, but with an inferior discriminatory effect. The detection of inflammation at three out of six predefined non-synovial sites differentiated PMR patients from controls with a sensitivity/specificity of 73.8%/85.8% and overall better performance than detection of synovitis alone (sensitivity/specificity of 86.1%/36.1%, respectively).ConclusionContrast-enhanced MRI of the shoulder girdle is a reliable imaging tool with significant diagnostic value in the assessment of patients suffering from PMR and differentiation to other conditions for shoulder girdle pain.
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CLEUZIOU, CAROLINE, AYMERIC BINARD, MICHEL DE BANDT, JEAN-MARIE BERTHELOT, and ALAIN SARAUX. "Contribution of the Polymyalgia Rheumatica Activity Score to Glucocorticoid Dosage Adjustment in Everyday Practice." Journal of Rheumatology 39, no. 2 (December 15, 2011): 310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.110866.
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Objective.To evaluate the usefulness of the polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) activity score (PMR-AS) in guiding adjustment of glucocorticoid (GC) dosage.Methods.Rheumatologists prospectively included patients receiving GC therapy for PMR. At each visit, they assessed disease activity using a visual analog scale for physician’s global assessment (VASph) and recorded whether a flare was diagnosed and/or the GC dosage was changed. In each patient, the PMR-AS was calculated using the formula of Leeb and Bird: C-reactive protein (mg/dl) + VAS pain score (0 to 10) + VASph (0 to 10) + (morning stiffness in min × 0.1) + elevation of upper limbs (0–3). We evaluated the correlation between PMR-AS and GC dosage changes in the group already treated with GC.Results.We included 89 patients (mean age 74.6 ± 6.2 yrs; disease duration 1.6 ± 2.2 yrs), who had a total of 149 visits. PMR-AS was available for 137 visits. Of those, 124 involved patients already treated with GC, and 13 patients who started GC treatment. The Spearman correlation coefficient between PMR-AS values and GC dosage change was 0.58 (p < 0.001). In the group already treated with GC, when the PMR-AS was higher than 20, GC dosages were never decreased. When the PMR-AS was between 10 and 20, GC dosages were decreased in 4 patients, unchanged in 4, and increased by < 5 mg in 4 patients. When PMR-AS was < 10, GC dosages were generally decreased.Conclusion.The PMR-AS is helpful for diagnosing flares of PMR and may also assist in everyday practice to decide how to change the GC dosage.
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Hay, J. N., J. D. Boyle, P. G. James, J. R. Walton, K. J. Bare, M. Konarski, and D. Wilson. "Imidization Reactions in PMR-15 Polyimide." High Performance Polymers 1, no. 2 (April 1989): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152483998900100205.
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Dolfi, Marco, Simone Morosi, Pierpaolo Piunti, and Enrico Del Re. "Energy Efficiency Perspectives of PMR Networks." Information 8, no. 1 (December 23, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info8010001.
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Adizie, T., and B. Dasgupta. "PMR and GCA: steroids or bust." International Journal of Clinical Practice 66, no. 6 (May 18, 2012): 524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.2012.02914.x.
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Weyand, C. M. "OP2. PATHOGENESIS OF GCA AND PMR." Rheumatology 44, suppl_3 (July 1, 2005): iii1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keh727.
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