Academic literature on the topic 'PMNC'
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Journal articles on the topic "PMNC"
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Wickström, Erik, Karin Persson-Waller, Helena Lindmark-Månsson, Karin Östensson, and Åse Sternesjö. "Relationship between somatic cell count, polymorphonuclear leucocyte count and quality parameters in bovine bulk tank milk." Journal of Dairy Research 76, no. 2 (March 13, 2009): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029909003926.
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The somatic cell count (SCC) in bovine bulk tank milk is presently used as an indicator of raw milk quality, reflecting the udder health status of the herd. During mastitis, SCC increases, mostly owing to an influx of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) from blood into milk, with a concomitant change in milk composition. Bulk tank milk samples were categorized according to their SCC, as well as polymorphonuclear leucocyte count (PMNC), to study relationships between SCC, PMNC and various raw milk quality traits, i.e. contents of total protein, whey protein, casein, fat and lactose, casein number, proteolysis and rheological properties. The proportion of PMN, obtained by direct microscopy, was significantly higher in samples with high SCC compared with low SCC samples. SCC and PMNC were strongly correlated, yielding a correlation coefficient of 0·85. High SCC samples had lower lactose and casein contents, lower casein number and more proteolysis than low SCC samples. Samples with high PMNC had a lower casein number than low PMNC samples. Samples with high and low SCC or PMNC did not differ in respect to rheological properties. Our results do not indicate that PMNC is a better biomarker than SCC for raw bulk tank milk quality, as previously proposed.
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Miyamoto, Koji, Michael Lange, George McKinley, Christine Stavropoulos, Shin-ichi Moriya, Hirotaka Matsumoto, and Yoritaro Inada. "Effects of Sho-Saiko-To on Production of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and Superoxide from Peripheral Monocytes and Polymorphonuclear Cells Isolated from HIV Infected Individuals." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 24, no. 01 (January 1996): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x96000025.
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The effects of Sho-saiko-to (SST), a traditional Chinese medicine, on the production of PGE2 from monocytes, LTB4 and superoxide from polymorphonuclear cells (PMNC) in HIY infected individuals were studied. SST inhibited the production of PGE2 from monocytes stimulated by opsonized zymosan in all groups including the healthy control group and also inhibited the production of superoxide from PMNC after stimulation with FMLP. On the other hand, SST enhanced the production of LTB4 when PMNC were stimulated by the calcium ionophore A23187. These results suggest that SST has different effects on the production of prostanoids or superoxide from monocytes and PMNC. Furthermore, our data indicates that inhibition of PGE2 or superoxide production will lead to indirect suppression of HIV, and enhancement of LTB4 will contribute to the upregulation of the immune reaction in my infected individuals.
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Weiss, Mauricio Andrade, and Adriano Vilela Sampaio. "Políticas monetárias não convencionais nos EUA: análise empírica do período 2007-2019." Revista de Economia 43, no. 80 (March 17, 2022): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/re.v43i80.75974.
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O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar a eficácia das políticas monetárias não convencionais (PMNC) adotadas nos EUA após a crise de 2008, considerando sua capacidade de criar condições acomodatícias nos mercados financeiros e promover o emprego, sem prejudicar a estabilidade de preços. A hipótese a ser testada é de que em uma situação de alta instabilidade e baixas taxas de juros, os instrumentos não convencionais se mostraram eficazes diante dos objetivos propostos. Foram empregados testes de causalidade de Granger para avaliar a relação entre os instrumentos de PMNC e os objetivos intermediários e finais de política monetária. Os resultados indicam que os instrumentos não convencionais se mostraram mais influentes que os convencionais (especialmente a taxa básica de juros) sobre as variáveis que representam os resultados de política monetária, o que corrobora a necessidade do uso de PMNC. Ademais, sugerem que o Fed logrou estabilizar o sistema financeiro nos momentos de maior instabilidade e manter condições acomodatícias nos mercados, criando um ambiente propício à retomada econômica.
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Aiboud, Kada. "politiques monétaires non conventionnelles et la relance économique : étude de la politique de l’assouplissement quantitatif en Algérie." les cahiers du cread 39, no. 4 (March 30, 2024): 175–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/cread.v39i4.7.
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Le présent article traite des politiques monétaires non conventionnelles (PMNC) mises en œuvre par la Fed et la BCE, entre 2008 et 2014, face à la récession économique et la déflation engendrées par la crise financière de 2008. Il consiste à rendre compte, en suivant une approche descriptive fondée sur l'examen de nombreuses études sur les PMNC, des mesures d'assouplissement monétaires traditionnelles servant, d’une part, à influencer les conditions de financement dans les banques et les marchés financiers et, d’autre part, à favoriser la demande globale et à stimuler l'activité économique. Cette étude s’intéresse, également, à la politique de financement non conventionnel (FNC) mise en œuvre par la Banque d’Algérie de novembre 2017 à janvier 2019. Nous mettons l’accent sur les causes du recours à ce type de financement, sa conduite et les techniques mis en place pour contrôler l’inflation. Il ressort de cette étude que, contrairement au FNC en Algérie, les PMNC ont eu l’effet escompté sur la croissance économique et l’inflation, aux Etats-Unis et dans les pays de la zone euro.
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Löppönen, Pekka, Sina Hulkkonen, and Jorma Ryhänen. "Proximal Median Nerve Compression in the Differential Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 14 (July 9, 2022): 3988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11143988.
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Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common median nerve compression neuropathy. Its symptoms and clinical presentation are well known. However, symptoms at median nerve distribution can also be caused by a proximal problem. Pronator syndrome (PS) and anterior interosseous nerve syndrome (AINS) with their typical characteristics have been thought to explain proximal median nerve problems. Still, the literature on proximal median nerve compressions (PMNCs) is conflicting, making this classic split too simple. This review clarifies that PMNCs should be understood as a spectrum of mild to severe nerve lesions along a branching median nerve, thus causing variable symptoms. Clear objective findings are not always present, and therefore, diagnosis should be based on a more thorough understanding of anatomy and clinical testing. Treatment should be planned according to each patient’s individual situation. To emphasize the complexity of causes and symptoms, PMNC should be named proximal median nerve syndrome.
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Reyna, Sara M., Puntip Tantiwong, Eugenio Cersosimo, Ralph A. DeFronzo, Apiradee Sriwijitkamol, and Nicolas Musi. "Short-Term Exercise Training Improves Insulin Sensitivity but Does Not Inhibit Inflammatory Pathways in Immune Cells from Insulin-Resistant Subjects." Journal of Diabetes Research 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/107805.
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Background. Exercise has an anti-inflammatory effect against, and immune cells play critical roles in the development, of insulin resistance and atherosclerotic vascular disease (AVD). Thus, the goal of this study was to determine whether exercise improves insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant subjects by downregulating proinflammatory signaling in immune cells.Methods. Seventeen lean, 8 obese nondiabetic, and 11 obese type 2 diabetic individuals underwent an aerobic exercise program for 15 days and an insulin clamp before and after exercise. Peripheral mononuclear cells (PMNC) were obtained for determination of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4 protein content and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation.Results. Compared with that in lean individuals, TLR4 protein content was increased by 4.2-fold in diabetic subjects. This increase in TLR4 content was accompanied by a 3.0-fold increase in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. Exercise improved insulin sensitivity in the lean, obese, and type 2 diabetes groups. However, exercise did not affect TLR content or ERK phosphorylation.Conclusions. TLR4 content and ERK phosphorylation are increased in PMNC of type 2 diabetic individuals. While exercise improves insulin sensitivity, this effect is not related to changes in TLR2/TLR4 content or ERK phosphorylation in PMNC of type 2 diabetic individuals.
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Keizer-Garritsen, Jenneke J., Connie Brouwer, Lambert H. J. Lambooy, Patricia Ter Riet, Jos P. M. Bökkerink, Frans J. M. Trijbels, and Ronney A. De Abreu. "Measurement of thiopurine S-methyltransferase activity in human blood samples based on high-performance liquid chromatography: reference values in erythrocytes from children." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/000456303321016222.
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Background: Monitoring 6-thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT; EC 2.1.1.67) activity is especially important when patients are treated with 6-thiopurine drugs, since severe bone marrow toxicity may be induced if patients have deficient TPMT activity. Methods: We have developed a method based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the measurement of TPMT activity in various cell types: erythrocytes (RBC), human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pMNC) and human malignant lymphoblasts (Molt-F4). The enzymatic activity is measured by the amount of 6-methylmercaptopurine formed, using 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) as substrate and S-adenosylmethionine as co-substrate. Results: The Km values calculated for 6MP were 0·54 (RBC), 0·85 (pMNC) and 0·65 (Molt-F4 cells) mmol/L. The Km values for S-adenosylmethionine were 11·9 (RBC), 16·4 (pMNC) and 6·65 (Molt-F4 cells) µmol/L. The assay variation was 8·2-17%. TPMT activity was determined in a control group of 103 children and young adults (44 female, 59 male). The values observed were (mean ± standard deviation): female children and young adults, 15·1 ± 4·8 pmol/107 cells per h ( n = 44); male children and young adults, 15·8 ± 6·4 pmol/107 cells per h ( n = 59). No gender or age differences were found. Conclusion: The HPLC-based method enables the rapid screening of TPMT activities in large groups of patients treated with 6-thiopurines.
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Wood, Paul, Jayesh Desai, Kelly Waldeck, Jason Cain, Nicholas Gottardo, Robyn Strong, Kathryn Kinross, et al. "ATRT-17. A phase II study of continuous low dose panobinostat in paediatric patients with malignant rhabdoid tumours and atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumours." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_1 (June 1, 2022): i6—i7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac079.016.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: Panobinostat treatment has been shown to terminally differentiate malignant rhabdoid tumours (MRT) and atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumours (ATRT) in pre-clinical models. We report results of the open label, phase II study of oral panobinostat in patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed MRT/ATRT. AIMS: To assess the anti-tumour activity of low dose, continuous oral panobinostat as well as its associated toxicities. To assess the biological activity of low dose panobinostat by measuring histone H4 acetylation status in peripheral mononuclear cells (PMNC), and differentiation markers. METHODS: Following primary institutional standard of care induction and consolidation chemotherapy and/or radiation treatment, patients were enrolled and commenced on panobinostat as a continuous daily oral dose starting at 10mg/m2/day, with a three-week wash out period between therapies. Real-time acetylation status, measuring acetylated H4 on PMNC, was performed to determine the pharmacodynamics of panobinostat at different dosing levels. Patients were monitored for toxicity; dose reductions were in decrements of 2mg/m2/day. RESULTS: A total of 13 patients with newly diagnosed ATRT/MRT and one patient with relapsed MRT have been enrolled. The average age at enrollment was 3.6 years (range 0.8-6.8 years). The mean treatment duration was 206 days (13-344 days). Currently, six patients (42.9%) remain on study with a mean study duration of 531 days (range 13-895 days). 6/14 patients (42.9%) were removed due to disease progression at a mean study duration of 245 days (44-560 days). 2/14 patients (14.3%) withdrew due to toxicity. 12/14 patients (85.7%) required dose reductions. The main toxicities were thrombocytopaenia and leukopaenia (Grade III-IV). Real-time pharmacodynamic assessment of panobinostat, at a dose as low as 6mg/m2/day resulted in significant acetylation of histone H4 in PMNC. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with low dose panobinostat is well tolerated in infants and children with MRT/ATRT, with significant acetylation of histone H4 in PMNC.
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Wood, Paul, Jayesh Desai, Kelly Waldeck, Jason Cain, Nick Gottardo, Robyn Strong, Kathryn Kinross, et al. "ATRT-08. A PHASE II STUDY OF CONTINUOUS LOW DOSE PANOBINOSTAT IN PAEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT RHABDOID TUMORS/ATYPICAL TERATOID RHABDOID TUMORS." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_3 (December 1, 2020): iii277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.008.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Panobinostat treatment has been shown to terminally differentiate malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT)/atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRT) in pre-clinical models. This is an open label, phase II study of panobinostat in patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed MRT/ATRT. AIMS: To assess the anti-tumor activity of low dose, continuous panobinostat, its associated toxicities, the biological activity of low dose panobinostat by measuring histone acetylation status in peripheral mononuclear cells (PMNC), and markers of differentiation in fresh tumor tissue specimens. METHODS Following cycles of induction and consolidation chemotherapy and/or radiation treatment, patients were enrolled and commenced on panobinostat as a continuous daily oral dose starting at 10mg/m2 following a three-week wash out period between therapies. Real-time acetylation status, measuring acetylated H4 on PMNC, was performed to determine the pharmacodynamics of panobinostat. Patients were monitored for drug toxicities with the possibility of dose reductions in decrements of 2mg/m2. RESULTS Six patients with newly diagnosed ATRT/MRT and one patient with relapsed MRT have been enrolled to date. The average age at enrollment was 2.5 years. Currently, six patients (85.7%) remain on study with a mean treatment duration of 170 days (range 44–327 days). One patient was removed from study at day 44 due to disease progression. The main dose-limiting toxicity observed to date has been myelosuppression. Panobinostat, at a dose of 10mg/m2, caused significant acetylation of H4 in PMNC. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with panobinostat appears to be well tolerated in infants with MRT/ATRT, with successful real-time pharmacodynamic assessment of H4 acetylation.
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Diaz, Daphne, Gregory N. Prado, Patricia Neuman, Adriana Nieva, Manuel Torres-Grajales, Alicia Rivera, and Jose R. Romero. "Aldosterone Stimulates a Degranulation Response in Human Neutrophils: Role of Protein Disulfide Isomerase." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.1034.1034.
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Abstract Abstract 1034 There is growing evidence for an important role of aldosterone (ALDO) in inflammatory responses in addition to its well-described effects on sodium homeostasis via activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). We studied the effects of ALDO on activation of ex vivo human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNC). We isolated untouched circulating human PMNC by immunomagnetic isolation following density gradient sedimentation with PolymorphPrep from otherwise healthy subjects. Flow cytometric analyses showed greater than 97% of PMNC were positive for myeloid-neutrophil markers, CD45, CD16 and CD66b. We show that PMNC express MR by western blot and RT-PCR analyses and when incubated with ALDO (10−9 −10−7 M) showed a dose-dependent rise in cytosolic Ca2+ that peaked within 2 min using FURA-2AM fluorescence. We then studied the effect of ALDO on PMNC degranulation following incubations with ALDO (10−9 −10−7 M) for 30 min and observed a significant increase in β–glucuronidase release (P<0.001, n=3) by established fluorescent detection methods, an event that was blocked by pre-incubation of cells with 1μM canrenoic acid (CA), an MR antagonist (P<0.04, n=3). PMA and N-Formyl-Methionyl-Leucyl-Phenylalanine (fMLP) were used as positive controls for PMNC activation. We then studied the effects of ALDO on HL-60, a human promyelocytic cell line, induced to differentiate into neutrophil-like cells by incubation for 5 days with 1.3% DMSO. We detected the presence of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), the receptor for ALDO, by western blot analyses and MR transcripts by quantitative RT-PCR using TaqMan detection probes in these cells and as reported in kidney and endothelial cells. Cells incubated with ALDO (10−8-10−7 M) showed a dose-dependent rise in cytosolic Ca2+ that peaked within 3 min using FURA-2AM fluorescence. To assess the degranulation response of these cells we quantified the in vitro release of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and observed that 10−8M ALDO was likewise associated with increased degranulation when compared to vehicle treated cells (AUC: 590±14 to 185±11, P<0.01, n=6). To characterize the mechanisms by which ALDO regulates the degranulation responses of these cells we studied the effects of Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) on ALDO-stimulated cells. PDI catalyzes the oxidation or reduction of thiol/disulfide groups and modulates leukocyte function. Our results show that blockade of PDI, by bacitracin, led to a blunted ALDO-stimulated degranulation response in both cell types. Consistent with these observations, we show that in differentiated HL-60 cells, siRNA against PDI likewise led to reduced MPO responses (AUC: 590±14 to 290±13, P<0.01, n=6) that were associated with significantly reduced PDI mRNA levels but not with scrambled siRNA as determined by quantitative RT-PCR with ABI TaqMan detection probes and GAPDH and β2 microglobulin as endogenous controls (0.55 ± 0.02, ΔΔCT of PDI siRNA relative to scrambled transfected cells, P<0.01, n=6). These results suggest that ALDO stimulates MPO release. MPO has been shown to be one of the predominant granule proteins associated with Neutrophil Extracelullar Traps (NETs), extracellular structures that contain chromatin (DNA and histones) that can also trap microorganisms. We studied the effects of ALDO following digestion of the NETs by DNAse, and observed that 30–35% of the total cellular MPO was NET-associated. We also observed that incubation with 10−8 M ALDO led to increases in the oxidative-respiratory burst [superoxide production] (P<0.01, n=3), a responses that was blocked by pre-incubation of cells with 1 uM CA (P<0.03, n=3). Consistent with these results, we observed that ALDO likewise led to significant increases in the oxidative-respiratory burst in human PMNC (P<0.01, n=3). Thus our results suggest that activation of MR by ALDO leads to degranulation and NET production in neutrophils that may contribute to the inflammatory responses associated with MR activation in vivo. Furthermore, the association between degranulation and NET release implicates PDI as a novel regulator of MPO generated NET production. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PMNC"
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Carneiro, Glauco de Figueiredo. "SourceMiner: Um Ambiente Integrado para Visualização Multi-Perspectiva de Software." http://wiki.dcc.ufba.br/PMCC/GlaucoCarneiro, 2013. http://wiki.dcc.ufba.br/PMCC/GlaucoCarneiro.
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Submitted by Santos Davilene (davilenes@ufba.br) on 2013-01-25T10:33:56Z
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Tese Glauco Carneiro.PDF: 9132226 bytes, checksum: b22e5917f0e49a3b66dd4ee4d3aacb13 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-25T10:33:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Glauco Carneiro.PDF: 9132226 bytes, checksum: b22e5917f0e49a3b66dd4ee4d3aacb13 (MD5)
Atividades de compreensão têm papel importante em engenharia de software. A leitura e a busca de informações no código fonte não são atividades triviais e requerem esforço significativo em sistemas de médio e grande porte. Atualmente, apesar da maioria dos ambientes de desenvolvimento de software (ADS) oferecer apoio às atividades de compreensão, eles ainda não adotaram plenamente técnicas e recursos de visualização para tal finalidade. Esta é uma limitação significativa dado que o ser humano tem maior capacidade para obter informação através da visão do que todos os outros sentidos combinados. Além disso, as próprias técnicas de visualização de software ainda não adotaram recursos de interação e coordenação já consolidados na área de visualização de informação. Esta tese propõe um ambiente interativo baseado em múltiplas visões chamado SourceMiner, desenvolvido como um plug-in da ADS Eclipse, para apoiar as atividades de compreensão de software. O SourceMiner traz novos recursos e técnicas para a área de visualização de software. O principal destes é o uso de múltiplas visões, já adotadas em visualização de informação e compatibilizadas para visualização de software através do conceito de perspectivas. O ambiente também utiliza mecanismos de coordenação entre as visões, zoom semântico e filtros interativos. O SourceMiner é um ambiente expansível no qual é possível incluir novas visões. Além disso, ele possui recursos de monitoramento de atividades a partir dos quais podem ser realizados estudos para a análise do perfil de uso do ADS e das funcionalidades oferecidas pelo próprio plug-in. A utilização integrada destes recursos é uma contribuição nova para a área de visualização de software. Foram realizados seis estudos experimentais para avaliar o uso do SourceMiner em atividades de compreensão de software. Os resultados indicam que o SourceMiner pode ser utilizado para apoiar a construção de modelos mentais que se adéquam às necessidades de compreensão daqueles que lidam tanto com atividades de desenvolvimento como de manutenção de software.
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Rodrigues, Júnior Methanias Colaço. "Identificação e validação do perfil neurolinguístico de programadores através da mineração de repositórios de software." http://wiki.dcc.ufba.br/PMCC/MethaniasColaco, 2013. http://wiki.dcc.ufba.br/PMCC/MethaniasColaco.
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Submitted by Santos Davilene (davilenes@ufba.br) on 2013-01-25T11:15:23Z
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Hodiernamente, o processo de desenvolvimento de software pode contar com a utilização de diversas ferramentas de apoio. Os sistemas de controle de versão, as listas de discussão entre as pessoas envolvidas no projeto e os sistemas de rastreamento de erros são usados freqüentemente para ajudar a controlar o andamento de projetos de software, produzindo repositórios de dados históricos. Nos últimos anos, pesquisadores vêm realizando análises lingüísticas nas listas de discussão de projetos de software para compreender as complexidades e especificidades do seu desenvolvimento. Uma abordagem inovadora para isso é usar a Teoria da Neuro-Lingüística. A Neuro-Lingüística postula que indivíduos, em contextos específicos, utilizam um sistema representacional preferencial (SRP) para cognição. Isto significa que apesar de diferentes recursos e canais cognitivos serem usados pelos desenvolvedores para entender o software, existem sistemas representacionais preferidos pelos mesmos. Nesta tese, apresentamos uma ferramenta de análise psicométrica baseada na Neuro-Lingüística (NEUROMINER) para classificar os Sistemas Representacionais Preferidos (SRP) de desenvolvedores de software. A avaliação experimental da abordagem foi realizada em três experimentos que visaram testar a classificação do SRP: (1) Um estudo realizado nas listas de discussão dos projetos do servidor Apache e do PostgreSQL; (2) Uma pesquisa de campo com engenheiros de software para estabelecer quais os tipos de sistemas representacionais são os preferidos pelos mesmos; e (3) Um experimento controlado feito na indústria para avaliação da efetividade da ferramenta neste tipo de ambiente. Os resultados indicaram que a nossa abordagem pode ser usada para classificar engenheiros de software com relação às suas preferências de representação para cognição. Esta classificação pode nortear a alocação de desenvolvedores em tarefas específicas e, possivelmente, melhorar a comunicação em organizações de desenvolvimento de software.
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Sá, Alirio Santos de. "Mecanismos Autonômicos de Tolerância a Falhas para Sistemas Distribuídos." http://wiki.dcc.ufba.br/PMCC/AlirioSa, 2013. http://wiki.dcc.ufba.br/PMCC/AlirioSa.
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Submitted by Santos Davilene (davilenes@ufba.br) on 2013-01-25T11:50:19Z
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As facilidades de processamento e comunicação oriundas das novas tecnologias têm promovido o surgimento de uma nova classe de ambientes distribuídos. Estes ambientes são caracterizados pela dinamicidade em suas composições, no provisionamento de seus recursos e nas características e requisitos de suas aplicações. Isto traz novos desafios à confiabilidade, a qual é um atributo essencial à grande maioria dos sistemas distribuídos modernos. Um destes desafios está na incapacidade, dos mecanismos tradicionais de tolerância a falhas, de atender aos requisitos de desempenho, ao mesmo tempo em que suportam a confiabilidade. Isto porque o projeto destes mecanismos requer um conhecimento prévio das características dos ambientes e de suas aplicações, para que possam oferecer configurações adequadas ao atendimento dos requisitos especificados -- isto representa um problema, uma vez que, nos ambientes distribuídos modernos, estas informações mudam dinamicamente. Neste contexto, nem mesmo os mecanismos adaptativos de tolerância falhas obtêm sucesso, pois realizam a sua configuração dinamicamente, mas confiam em comportamentos e requisitos definidos em tempo de projeto. Para enfrentar este desafio, esta Tese introduz os mecanismos autonômicos de tolerância a falhas, baseados em teoria de controle e capazes de se auto-configurar face às mudanças dinâmicas nas características do ambiente ou nos requisitos de suas aplicações. Com o intuito de demonstrar a viabilidade destes mecanismos, foram implementados e avaliados, como estudo de caso, detectores autonômicos de defeitos e protocolos autonômicos de comunicação em grupo, dois mecanismos básicos à construção de muitos sistemas distribuídos confiáveis. Estes mecanismos autonômicos de detecção e de comunicação em grupo são os primeiros da literatura a suportar a auto-configuração em tempo de execução, baseada em requisitos de qualidade de serviço definidos pelos usuários. Tais mecanismos foram avaliados, usando simulações, em condições de carga variadas e falhas. Mesmo sem trabalhos relacionados, para uma comparação direta de desempenho, os mecanismos autonômicos propostos foram comparados com mecanismos tradicionais de tolerância a falhas existentes na literatura. Estes mecanismos tradicionais usaram diferentes configurações definidas por parâmetros manualmente fixados. Os experimentos realizados demonstram que os mecanismos autonômicos propostos possuem, na maioria dos casos, desempenho superior que as diferentes configurações dos mecanismos tradicionais considerados, principalmente quando variações nas características da carga, mudanças nos requisitos ou reconfigurações dinâmicas no ambiente são considerados.
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Regnier, Paul Denis Etenne. "Optimal Multiprocessor Real-Time Scheduling via Reduction to Uniprocessor." http://wiki.dcc.ufba.br/PMCC/PaulRegnier, 2013. http://wiki.dcc.ufba.br/PMCC/PaulRegnier.
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Neste trabalho de doutorado, propõe-se RUN (Redução para Uniprocessor), um novo algoritmo de escalonamento para conjunto de tarefas periódicas com deadlines implícitas em sistemas multiprocessador de tempo real, nos quais as tarefas possuem restrições tanto no domínio do tempo quanto no domínio de valores. RUN apresenta as seguintes propriedades relevantes: - RUN é ótimo no sentido que ele produz um escalonamento correto, no qual todas as restrições temporais são atendidas, de qualquer sistemas de tarefas utilizando até 100% dos processadores da plataforma de tempo real; - RUN usa o conceito-chave do escalonamento do tempo ócio, chamado de escalonamento por dualidade, segundo o qual, em algum instante t, o escalonamento de uma tarefa utiliza tanto o conhecimento de seu tempo de execução restante, bem como o seu tempo ócio restante; - RUN baseia-se na diminuição do número de tarefas a ser escalonadas pela suas agregações em supertasks, os quais chamamos de servidores, com taxa acumulada não superior a 1. Cada servidor é responsável por escalonar o seu conjunto de tarefas clientes, de acordo com alguma política de escalonamento; - RUN utiliza o princípio original de justiça global (Gfair), de acordo com o qual cada servidor de um conjunto de tarefas T é garantido de executar por um tempo proporcional à taxa acumulada das tarefas de T entre cada duas deadlines das tarefas de T; - RUN reduz o problema do escalonamento de um conjunto de tarefas em/m/ processadores no problema equivalente do escalonamento de um ou mais conjuntos de tarefas diferentes em sistemas monoprocessador; - RUN supera significativamente os algoritmos ótimos existentes em termos de preempções com um limite superior de O(log m) preempções média por jobs em/m/ processadores.
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Schauenburg, Andrea J. A. "Molecular mechanisms underlying pMHC-II recognition." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/96291/.
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The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules working together with the purpose of fending off potentially harmful pathogens. CD4+ T cells take key roles within this network by orchestrating a multitude of its players. They recognise pathogen or self-derived peptides (p) bound to molecules of the major histocompatibility class II (MHC-II) through their T cell receptor (TCR). Cytokines secreted in response to recognition aid antibody production and cytotoxic T cell activity, both critical for anti-viral immunity. In this thesis, TCR/pMHC-II interactions were investigated using a range of functional and molecular approaches in order to gain valuable insight into the mechanisms underlying successful antigen recognition. To aid these investigations, a versatile, insect cell based expression system for HLA-DR1 was successfully implemented to generate soluble protein for use in multimer stainings and biophysical assays. Two HLA-DR1 restricted peptides encoded within influenza heamagglutinin (HA) were confirmed as being highly conserved making them ideal targets for vaccine development and allowing identification of influenza specific CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, the various roles of peptide flanking residues (PFR) were investigated using two experimental models. In a HA derived peptide, C-terminal PFR proved essential for peptide binding stability to HLA-DR1 and in consequence, CD4+ T cell activation. Clonotyping of CD4+ T cells grown against peptides of varying PFR lengths showed that TCR gene selection was heavily influenced by PFR. A HIV gag24 derived peptide displaying an unusual secondary structure within its N-terminal PFR gave further insight into how seemingly small modifications to PFR can have wide reaching impact on CD4+ T cell activation. Both studies highlighted the need for more in depths investigations into this emerging field and the wide reaching impacts of this inherent feature of MHC-II restricted peptides. Overall, the results in this thesis added novel insight into the mechanisms underlying TCR/pMHC-II interactions.
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Patikarnmonthon, Nisa. "PMPC-PDPA polymersomes-mediated siRNA delivery." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5476/.
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Polymersomes made from the amphiphilic diblock copolymers, PMPC-PDPA, are proposed to serve as a siRNA carrier with pH-responsive property that provides endosomal escape. The main purpose of this work is to investigate the ability of polymersomes to provide effective intracellular delivery of siRNA into HeLa cells. Encapsulation of siRNA into polymersomes was performed by pH-switch and electroporation method, both techniques enable siRNA encapsulation. No alteration of polymersomes size and morphology was observed in DLS and TEM. Purification of polymersome was conducted to ensure that no free siRNA or polymer remained. Intracellular delivery was examined by using fluorescence-labelled siRNA to track the internalisation. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscope were used to study the cellular uptake of polymersomes and siRNA. siRNA is successfully delivered with the distribution of siRNA signal throughout the cell, with stronger signal compared with Lipofectamine. Kinetic uptake of siRNA suggests that siRNA can be effectively delivered to most cells within 20 hours. In addition, evidence of endosomal escape of siRNA delivered by polymersomes was observed. Silencing activity of siRNA was determined by qPCR and Western blot, mRNA and protein expression of Lamin A/C as a target gene were not significantly decreased. Cytotoxicity and other cellular response, including pro-inflammatory response and interferon response, were investigated. Polymersomes provide very low cytotoxicity and no pro-inflammatory response, unlike Lipofectamine. Moreover, the gene expression profile of interferon response indicates the possible apoptosis occurrence in Lipofectamine treated cells, but not in polymersomes treated cells. The information suggests two possible factors that influence the silencing activity of siRNA delivered by polymersomes; the incomplete characterisation of siRNA process and the cellular response from carriers.
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Bonijoly, Bastien. "Effets d'annonces de tapering par la Fed sur les pays d'Afrique du Nord et MENA et leur intégration au sein du système financier international." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUL2005.
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Cette thèse se consacre dans un premier temps à la compréhension des effets d’annonces de tapering réalisées par la Fed durant la période 2013-2015 et l’impact que ces annonces ont eu sur les pays d’Afrique du Nord et plus généralement des pays de la zone MENA et Afrique possédant des marchés financiers. Cela permet d’ainsi d’évaluer la sensibilité de ces pays aux chocs de politiques monétaires internationales, et permet ainsi de voir l’impact que cela a même sur des pays ayant de petits marchés financiers.Dans un second temps, cette thèse s’attache à estimer la place des pays de cette zone et de leur intégration au sein du système financier international à l’aide d’une topologie de réseau. Cela permet ainsi de voir les interactions, ou plutôt les connexions qui lient les pays de cette zone à l’intérieur même de celle-ci entre eux, et aussi avec le reste du réseau. Cette thèse permet d’étudier une thématique oubliée de la littérature au niveau des pays sélectionnés et dans un second temps, apporte un éclairage intéressant sur la question de l’intégration financière à l’aide d’une méthodologie atypiqueThe first purpose of this thesis is to assess the impact of tapering’s announcement by the Fed during the period 2013 / 2015, and the impact these announcements had on assets prices in North Africa and more generally in MENA and African countries with the most developped financial sectors. We will assess, by studying the relevant events, the vulnerability of those countries to the shock in the international monetary policy sequence; consequently enabling a characterization of its impact, even on countries with relatively lowly developped financial markets. The second purpose of this thesis is to investigate the position of these countries within a large sample of MENA economies, and the remainder of the international financial system using a topological network. This enables to outline the interactions that bind those countries with each other, and also with the rest of the network —financial markets of advanced economies and other emerging economies. This thesis tackles a scarcely covered theme within the existing literature for the selected countries and also sheds new light on the question of financial integration using an atypical methodology
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Stewart-Jones, Guillaume B. E. "Structural and functional analyses of human pMHC/TCR complexes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413213.
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Avila, Olias Maria Milagros. "Cellular uptake of PMPC-PDPA polymersomes in mammalian cells." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6870/.
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Polymersomes (synthetic polymeric vesicles), formed by the self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers in water attract great attention as drug delivery systems and as diagnostic/imaging tools. Our group has shown that 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine-block-2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate (PMPC-PDPA) polymersomes are of special interest due to their ability to encapsulate a wide range of therapeutic molecules including anticancer compounds, antibiotics, antibodies, and nucleic acids, and their capacity to deliver their cargo intracellularly, both in vitro and in vivo, without promoting cellular toxicity or stress. The favourable uptake kinetics and toxicological profile of PMPC-PDPA polymersomes justify a thorough study on the cellular interactions and mechanisms underlying their uptake, which was the aim of this thesis. Exploring different polymersome production methods we studied the impact that the physical properties of PMPC-PDPA polymersomes (nanoparticle size and shape) have on their cellular uptake. Using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy we demonstrated that both spherical and tubular polymersomes could be used as intracellular delivery vectors. In addition, spherical and tubular polymersomes presented different uptake kinetic profiles, opening new avenues to modulate the temporal delivery of a cargo. In a parallel line of work we identified receptor-mediated endocytosis as a common pathway for the internalisation of PMPC-PDPA polymersome in mammalian cells. Studying polymersome uptake in the presence of antagonists and neutralising antibodies, we identified two families of transmembrane proteins mediating PMPCPDPA polymersome endocytosis and the specific receptors facilitating polymersome uptake. In addition, different endocytic pathways and molecules (i.e. dynamin, BAR domain proteins) were investigated in relation with polymersome internalisation by means of chemical inhibitors, dominant negative proteins and siRNA knockdown. Polymersome endocytosis seems to be dominated by a high level of promiscuity and the ability of PMPC-PDPA polymersome to induce their uptake, which could be translated in new therapeutic applications with a great clinical impact.
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Lima, Elton Carvalho de [UNESP]. "Propriedades dielétricas de cerâmicas relaxoras PMN." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92008.
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lima_ec_me_ilha.pdf: 1115521 bytes, checksum: f5f35d380cc8ae166f782e9bacab5a4a (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O presente estudo destina-se à investigação sistemática das propriedades dielétricas de cerâmicas ferroelétricas relaxoras de Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN). A resposta dielétrica em ferroelétricos relaxores, sob diferentes condições de excitações elétricas externas, deve ser considerada com especial atenção, posto que a fenomenologia para os estudos reportados na literatura não está completamente fundamentada. Sob tais considerações, a finalidade do presente trabalho é investigar o comportamento da permissividade dielétrica (e = e´ + i e´´) de cerâmicas PMN em função de campos elétricos AC e DC, em uma ampla faixa de freqüências (20 Hz a 1 MHz) e temperatura (20 K a 800 K). O estudo da dispersão dielétrica com a freqüência foi realizado em termos da relação de Vogel-Fulcher, permitindo a determinação da energia de ativação (Ea) e da temperatura de congelamento (Tf) dos dipolos para a amostra investigada. O comportamento do efeito relaxor em função de campos elétricos externos AC e DC foi avaliado e comparado com os resultados recentes reportados na literatura.
The present study is destined to the systematic investigation of dielectric properties on relaxor ferroelectric lead magnesium niobate Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN). The answer dielectric in ferroelectrics relaxors, under different conditions of external electric excitements, should be considered with special attention, position that the phenomenology for the studies moderated in the literature is not completely based. Under such considerations, the purpose of the present work is to investigate the behavior of the dielectric permittivity ( = ’+ i ”) of ceramic PMN in function of fields electric AC and DC, in a wide interval of frequencies (20 Hz to 1 MHz) and temperature (20 K to 800 K). The study of the dielectric dispersion with the frequency was accomplished in terms of the relationship of Vogel-Fulcher, allowing the determination of the activation energy (Ea) and of the freezing temperature (Tf) of the dipoles for the investigated sample. The behavior of the effect relaxor in function of fields external electric AC and DC was evaluated and compared with the recent results moderated in the literature.
Books on the topic "PMNC"
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Čharœ̄nphānit, Kōmēt. Scope of activity and the PMBC history. Phuket, Thailand: Thai-Danish Foundation for PMBC, 1988.
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Bois, William Pe`ne Du. The Twenty-One Balloons PMC. New York: Penguin USA, Inc., 2009.
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Union économique et monétaire ouest africaine. La politique miniére commune de l'UEMOA (PMC) . Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: Commission de l'Union économique et monétaire ouest africaine, 2005.
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Kjellstrand, Carl Bjorn. The PMC Turbo Experiment: Design, Development, and Results. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2021.
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Alex, Armitage. PMRC auditor general report analysis: Enabling effective management of public resources. Lusaka, Zambia: Policy Monitoring and Research Centre (PMRC), 2014.
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Alex, Armitage. PMRC parastatals policy analysis: Maximising Zambia's national resources and economic growth. Lusaka, Zambia: Policy Monitoring and Research Centre (PMRC), 2014.
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Center, Lewis Research, ed. Low cost manufacturing approach of high temperature PMC components. Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1997.
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Center, Lewis Research, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Low cost manufacturing approach of high temperature PMC components. Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1997.
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Siwale, Agatha. PMRC policy analysis: Zambia's double taxation agreements : towards optimised tax revenue collection. Lusaka, Zambia: Policy Monitoring and Research Centre (PMRC), 2014.
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Fang, Huajing. Novel Devices Based on Relaxor Ferroelectric PMN-PT Single Crystals. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4312-8.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "PMNC"
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Joyce, Philip. "PMCC." In Practical Numerical C Programming, 49–71. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6128-6_3.
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Gooch, Jan W. "PMAC." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 546. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_8889.
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Preneel, Bart. "PMAC." In Encyclopedia of Cryptography and Security, 941–42. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5906-5_603.
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Ranganathan, Shoba. "PMHC Imprint." In Encyclopedia of Systems Biology, 1719. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9863-7_909.
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Ranganathan, Shoba. "PMHC Epitope." In Encyclopedia of Systems Biology, 1718–19. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9863-7_915.
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Gooch, Jan W. "PMC." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 546. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_8892.
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Berry, Tony, and Elaine Harris. "PMC." In The Routledge Companion to Performance Management and Control, 501–12. Title: The Routledge companion to performance management and control / edited by Elaine Harris. Description: Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2017. | Series: Routledge companions in business, management and accounting: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315691374-28.
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Joyce, Philip. "Correlation and PMCC." In Numerical C, 135–45. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-5064-8_6.
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Boggero, Marco. "Testing PMSC Norms." In The Governance of Private Security, 75–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69593-8_4.
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Korn, Max, Julián Méndez, Sascha Klüppelholz, Ricardo Langner, Christel Baier, and Raimund Dachselt. "PMC-VIS: An Interactive Visualization Tool for Probabilistic Model Checking." In Software Engineering and Formal Methods, 361–75. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47115-5_20.
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AbstractState-of-the-art Probabilistic Model Checking (PMC) offers multiple engines for the quantitative analysis of Markov Decision Processes (MDPs), including rewards modeling cost or utility values. Despite the huge amount of internally computed information, support for debugging and facilities that enhance the understandability of PMC models and results are very limited. As a first step to improve on that, we present the basic principles of PMC-VIS, a tool that supports the exploration of large MDPs together with the computed PMC results per MDP-state through interactive visualization. By combining visualization techniques, such as node-link diagrams and parallel coordinates, with quantitative analysis capabilities, PMC-VIS supports users in gaining insights into the probabilistic behavior of MDPs and PMC results and enables different ways to explore the behaviour of schedulers of multiple target properties. The usefulness of PMC-VIS is demonstrated through three different application scenarios.
Conference papers on the topic "PMNC"
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Howard, M. A., M. Coghlan, and B. G. Firkin. "EFFECT OF ELASTASE INDUCED CLEAVAGE OF VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR (vWf) ON ITS STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644091.
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A proteolytic product of vWf termed fast migrating protein (vWf:FMP) has been identified using crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) in normal serum and in the plasma from patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). A fragment of vWf antigen (vWf:Ag) migrating to a similar position on CIE as vWf:FMP results from digestion of vWf:Ag with polymorphonuclear cells (PMNC). Since parallels exist between the conditions for generation of vWf:FMP by PMNC and elastase release by these cells the effect of purified elastase from porcine pancrease on vWf was investigated.VWf was purified from plasma using polyethylene glycol, ammonium sulphate and zinc acetate precipitation, high speed centrifugation and elution from column of Sepharose 4B-CL. A fraction rich in vWf was radiolabelled with 125-Iodine to spike the purified preparation of vWf in order to increase the sensitivity of the protein detecting systems.A mixture of radiolabelled and non-labelled purified vWf was incubated with elastase at concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 40 U/ml for periods of 0-48 hours. Modifications of the structure were assessed by SDS-agarose multimeric analysis, SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis and CIE. Alterations of function were quantitated by antigen levels, ristocetin (RCof) and botrocetin (BCoF) cofactor assays and a binding assay to fixed washed platelets in the presence of ristocetin or botrocetin.These investigations show, 1. all but the highest molecular weight multimers of vWf are present when elastase has cleaved vWf such that no intact 240K subunit is present. 2. an intact 240K subunit is not essential for RCoF and BCoF activity or for ristocetin or botrocetin induced binding to platelets.
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Williams, T. J., M. Rampart, S. Nourshargh, P. G. Hellewell, S. D. Brain, and P. J. Jose. "INTERACTION OF POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES AND ENDOTHELIAL CELLS : FUNCTIONAL CONSEQUENCES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643985.
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The mechanisms involved in the accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in an inflammatory reaction are complex. A key phase in this process is the attachment of the PMN to the microvascular (venular in most tissues) endothelial cell, initiated by the extravascular generation of a chemical mediator. Experiments in vitro suggest that mediators, such as C5a, may act in vivo by stimulating the increased expression of the CD18 complex on the surface of the PMN within the venule lumen (1), whereas IL-1 may act by causing the expression of an adhesive molecule on the endothelial cell (2). In vitro the former process is rapid whereas the latter is slow in onset. We have measured the local accumulation of intravenously-injected Ulln-PMNs in response to intradermally-injected mediators in the rabbit, in order to investigate possible mechanisms in vivo. PMN accumulation was found to be rapid in onset in response to C5a, the rate of accumulation falling progressively to low levels by 4 hours. In contrast PMN accumulation in response to IL-1 was slow in onset, reaching a peak rate at 3-4 hours. Intradermal injection of the vasodilator prostaglandins PGI2; PGE2 and the neuropeptides VIP and CGRP caused a marked potentiation of the rate of leukocyte accumulation. PMN accumulation induced by C5a was associated with increased microvascular permeability, as indicated by the leakage of intravenously-injected 125I-albumin with a time-course in parallel with the rate of PMN accumulation enhanced by intradermally-injected vasodilators. Depletion of circulating PMNs abolishes these responses to C5a (3). In contrast, leukocyte accumulation induced by IL-1 was associated with little plasma protein leakage, even in the presence of intradermal vasodilators. This observation indicates that PMN emigration itself does not lead to increased microvascular permeability. C5a, but not IL-1, may stimulate emigrating PMNs to secrete an endogenous factor that increases permeability by an action on endothelial cells (3). This factor does not appear to be the phospholipid PAF (4). In contrast to the enhancing effects of local PGI2, intravenously-infused PGI2 inhibited PMN accumulation induced by C5a and IL-1, and plasma protein leakage induced by C5a (5). This effect is probably mediated by elevation of cyclic AMP in intravascular PMNs. We have shown that C5a stimulation of PMNs in contact with endothelial cells in vitro induces endothelial cell PGI2 secretion (6). Thus, PGI2 may be part of a negative feedback system in vivo to control interactions between PMNs and endothelial cells.These observations provide some clues to the intricacies of mechanisms of leukocyte accumulation in vivo.
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Breviario, F., F. Bertocchi, M. Prosdocimi, and E. Deiena. "INHIBITION BY AD6 (8-MONOCHLORO -3-BETA-DIETHYLAMINOETHYL -4- METHYL -7- ETHOXY CARBONYL METHOXY COUMARIN) OF POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES ADHESION TO ENDOTHELIAL CELLS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643163.
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Increased leukocyte adhesion to the endothelial lining of blood vessels is an essential event in inf laaaation and the pathogenesis of certain vascular deseases. The aonocyte product interleukin-1 (IL-1) has been shown to enhance the adherence of huaan periferal blood polyaorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) to huaan uabilical vein endothelial cells (EC). In this study AD6, a couaarin derivative which inhibits platelet aggregation and coronary throabus foraation in experimental aniaals, was found .to inhibit PMN adhesion to control and IL-i-treated EC. Suspensions of washed 51Cr labeled PMN were added to cultured huaan uabilical vein EC which have been treated either with buffer or IL-i (10 units/ml for 4 hours). The aaount of PMN adherent to 105 EC art ter 5 min incubation was about 2.1×105 to control and 4×105 to IL-i-treated EC. When AD6 was added to the aediua during the adhesion experiaent PMN adhesion was inhibited in a concentration dependent way. The ainiaal active concentration of the drug was 0.5μM( 20-30% inhibition to both control and IL-1 treated EC) but inhibition was aaxiaal at SOOjiM ( 80-90 % inhibition to control and 65-80 % to IL-i-treated EC ). AD6 also blocked (90-95 % inhibition at 500μM) PMN adhesion to plastic wells. The drug effect on PMN required at least 5 min incubation to be apparent and declined after 30 min. AD6 pretreataent of either PMNs or ECs followed by washing reduced PMN adhesion to unstimulated or IL-i-treated EC.The effect was however aaxiaal when both cell types were treated with AD6, thus indicating that the inhibitory activity of AD6 was directed at both ECs and PMNs and night be cumulative.
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Wickham, N. W. R., G. M. Vercellotti, H. Q. Yin, H. S. Jacob, and C. F. Moldow. "ENDOTHELIAL CELLS PRODUCE PLATELET ACTIVATING FACTOR WHICH PRIMES NEUTROPHILS TO RELEASE OXIDANT PRODUCTS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642861.
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Thrombin (THR) is generated during ARDS, sepsis and DIC. We wondered whether it might augment PMN/endothelial cell (EC) interaction and hence amplify EC damage by inducing platelet activating factor (PAF) (JCI 76:2235-2246;1985). To examine further this premise and the mechanisms involved, we measured intracel1ular calcium (Ca1) in human EC (grown on glass cover slips), in a scanning spectrof1uorometer at 37°C after loading with FURA 2 (4μM). Resting Ca1 was 148±22 nM (Mean±SEM) which increased following THR 0.5u/ml to 458±160 nM at 30s, peaking after 1 min at 559±176 nM, and returning to 273±42 nM by 5 min. Phosphatidyl inositol (PI) turnover was assessed in 3H-myoinositol-loaded EC using water-soluble extracts separated by Dowex anion exchange chromatography. Within 30s of THR (lu/ml) stimulation, PI turnover markedly increased, with production of inositol bi- and tri-phosphates showing a >5 fold rise. Associated with these perturbations, THR-treated EC monolayers enhanced O2- generation by FMLP(10™7)-stimulated PMNs (basal levels of 5.73±0.68 O2-/15 min/106 PMN rising to 8.01±0.85 nM (p<0.05)); moreover this enhancement could be completely inhibited with a newly described PAF antagonist BN 52021. PAF production is dependent upon phosphorylation of an acetyl transferase, and Ca1 flux and PI hydrolysis are events known to be associated with protein kinase activation. THR-EC stimulation would seem, therefore, to initiate a sequence of events involving PMN/EC 'cross-talk' leading to contact activation of marginated PMNs by EC-derived PAF. This is an example of a novel paracrine response, and is consistent with our data showing the potent priming effect of PAF on PMN oxidant responses (Blood 68:88A; 1986) and provides evidence for a previously unsuspected pathway that promotes PMN oxidant-mediated EC injury during sepsis or other THR-generating disorders.
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Maschio, A. Del, E. Corvazier, F. Maillet, M. Kazatchkine, and J. Maclouf. "PLATELET-DEPENDENT ACTIVATION AND AMPLIFICATION OF THE POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES LYSOSOMAL ENZYME RELEASE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644858.
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The degranulatlon of human PMNs by opsonlsed zymosan (OpZ) was studied In the presence or In the absence of platelet alone or after stimulation by thrombin. Evidence Is presented that the presence of platelets Increased the extent of the liberation of lysozyme from PMNs stimulated by OpZ with a maximal intensity when they were stimulated by thrombin. The extent of the amplification was higher when the PMNs trigger was lower (i.e. 0.5 x 108 particles/ml as compared to 3.0 x 108 particles). This effect was dependent on the platelet concentration (from 10-80 platelets/PMN). Platelets stimulated by thrombin could alsoactivate the resting PMNs with a maximum obtained ata thrombin concentration of 0.1 U/ml, corresponding to the maximal release by these cells of products stored In their granules. However, the substitution ofplatelet suspensions by the released products found In their supernatant after stimulation by thrombin, resulted In a comparable stimulation only at platelet concentrations above the ones for coincubation experiments. These findings suggest that the presence of platelets themselves or In combination with their released products are responsible for this amplification. The use of zymosan alone or coated with IgG, C3b1, C3b or OpZ did not reveal any specificity of the Inducer for this amplification suggesting that platelets and/or platelet products acted by enhancing acommon step of PMNs activation Independent of the stimulus carried by the particles. Additionally, It could be noted that the maximal effect of the amplification by platelets occurred when the level of stimulation of the PMNs alone was the weakest.
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Le, Son N., Yibo Zhu, Zheng Peng, Jun-Hong Cui, and Zaihan Jiang. "PMAC." In the Eighth ACM International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2532378.2532380.
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Szczeklik, A., R. J. Gryglewski, and M. Wandzilak. "THE EFFECT OF SIX PROSTAGLANDINS, PROSTACYCLIN AND ILOPROST ON GENERATION OF SUPEROXIDE ANIONS (0J) BY HUMAN NEUTROPHILS (PMNs) ACTIVATED BY ZYMOSAN OR FMLP." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643160.
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Human PMNs in a suspension (2.5 - 3.5 × 106 cells/ml of PBS) were activated by opsonized zymosan (2.5 mg/ml) or by FMLP (22 jjg/ml) in presence or absence of prostaglandins (PG) E1 E2, D2, 6-keto-F2α, 6-keto-E1 prostacyclin and Iloprost (3nM -30 pM). The generation of superoxide anions was measured as a SOD-sensitive reduction of ferrocytochrome c. In FMLP-stimulated PMNs an average production of 0- 2 of 18 ± 3.2 nmoles/10- 2 PMNs/10 min was suppressed by 25% at following concentrations of PGD2, PGE2, PGE1s 6-keto-PGE! and PGF2 : 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and>30.0 pM, respectively. No significant inhibition occurred in the presence of prostacyclin, 6-keto-PGF2 and Iloprost at concentrations as high as 30 pM. In zymosan-stimulated PMNs prostaglandins of E series were less potent inhibitors than in FMLP-stimulated PMNs by following factors: PGE2 - 20, 6-keto-PGE2 - 13, PGE1 - 4, whereas PGD2 was equally potent inhibitor in FMLP- and zymosan-stimulated PMNs. It is concluded that PGE2 is an antagonist of FMLP-receptor-mediated events which are responsible for the generation of superoxide anions in PMNs, whereas its isomer PGD2 has another mechanism of the 0- 2-suppressive action. Perhaps, PGD2 is a direct inhibitor of membrane-bound NADPH-oxidase or an antagonist of oxygen activation by leukotrienes and lipoxins or a promotor of scavenging of 0- 2 by mitochondrial membranes. The latter mechanism has been proposed recently by Gryglewski as explanation for cytoprotective action of stable biologically active metabolites of prostacyclin. Mechanisms of anti-0- 2 action of PGE1 and 6-keto-PGE1 in PMNs are likely to be intermediate between these proposed for PGE2 and PGD2.
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Gupta, Vijay K., and Charles D. Eggleton. "A 3-D Computational Model of L-Selectin-PSGL-1 Dependent Homotypic Leukocyte Binding and Rupture in Shear Flow." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80862.
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Cell adhesion plays a pivotal role in diverse biological processes, including inflammation, tumor metastasis, arteriosclerosis, and thrombosis. Changes in cell adhesion can be the defining event in a wide range of diseases, including cancer, atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, and arthritis. Cells are exposed constantly to hemodynamic/hydrodynamic forces and the balance between the dispersive hydrodynamic forces and the adhesive forces generated by the interactions of membrane-bound receptors and their ligands determines cell adhesion. Therefore to develop novel tissue engineering based approaches for therapeutic interventions in thrombotic disorders, inflammatory, and a wide range of other diseases, it is crucial to understand the complex interplay among blood flow, cell adhesion, and vascular biology at the molecular level. In response to tissue injury or infection, polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes are recruited from the bloodstream to the site of inflammation through interactions between cell surface receptors and complementary ligands expressed on the surface of the endothelium [1]. PMN-PMN interactions also contribute to the process of recruitment. It has been shown that PMNs rolling on activated endothelium cells can mediate secondary capture of PMNs flowing in the free blood stream through homotypic interactions [2]. This is mediated by L-selectin (ligand) binding to PSGL-1 (receptor) between a free-stream PMN and one already adherent to the endothelium cells [3]. Both PSGL-1 and L-selectin adhesion molecules are concentrated on tips of PMN microvilli [4]. Homotypic PMN aggregation in vivo or in vitro is supported by multiple L-selectin–PSGL-1 bondings between pairs of microvilli. The ultimate objective of our work is to develop software that can simulate the adhesion of cells colliding under hydrodynamic forces that can be used to investigate the complex interplay among the physical mechanisms and scales involved in the adhesion process. However, cell-cell adhesion is a complex phenomenon involving the interplay of bond kinetics and hydrodynamics. Hence, as a first step we recently developed a 3-D computational model based on the Immersed Boundary Method to simulate adhesion-detachment of two PMN cells in quiescent conditions and the exposing the cells to external pulling forces and shear flow in order to investigate the behavior of the nano-scale molecular bonds to forces applied at the cellular scale [5]. Our simulations predicted that the total number of bonds formed is dependent on the number of available receptors (PSGL-1) when ligands (L-selectin) are in excess, while the excess amount of ligands controls the rate of bond formation [5]. Increasing equilibrium bond length causes an increased intercellular contact area hence results in a higher number of receptor-ligand bonds [5]. Off-rates control the average number of bonds by modulating bond lifetimes while On-rate constants determine the rate of bond formation [5]. An applied external pulling force leads to time-dependent on- and off-rates and causes bond rupture [5]. It was shown that the time required for bond rupture in response to an applied external force is inversely proportional to the applied external force and decreases with increasing offrate [5]. Fig. 1 shows the time evolution of the total number of bonds formed for various values of NRmv (number of receptor) and NLmv (number of ligand). As expected, the total number of bonds formed at equilibrium is dependent on NRmv when NLmv is in excess. In this particular case study since two pairs (or four) microvilli each with NRmv are involved in adhesion hence the equilibrium bond number is approximately 4NRmv. It is noticed that for NRmv = 50, as we vary NLmv the mean value of the total number of bonds at equilibrium does not change appreciably. However, it can be noticed from Fig. 1 that for NRmv = 50, as the excess number of ligands (NLmv) increases there is a slight increase in the rate of bond formation due to the increase in probability of bond formation. Having developed confidence in the ability of the numerical method to simulate the adhesion of two cells that can form up to 200 bonds, we apply the method to study the effect of shear rate on the detachment of two cells. In particular, we first would like to establish the minimum shear rate needed for the two cells to detach for a given number of bonds between them. Fig. 2 shows the variation of force per bond at no rupture with number of bonds for various shear rates indicated. It is seen that at a given shear rate as the number of bonds increases the force per bond at no rupture decreases. This is attributed to the fact that force caused by shear flow is shared equally among the existing bonds. Further, it is seen that a given number of bonds as the shear rate increases the force per bond at no rupture increases. This is due to the fact that at a given number of bonds between the cells as we increase the shear rate the force caused by the flow increases hence the force per bond increases. We further notice that at shear rate = 3000 s−1 cells attached either by a single bond or by two bonds detach while they don’t for higher (> 2) number of bonds. This clearly demonstrate that there is a minimum shear rate needed to detach cells adhered by a given number of bonds. The higher the number of bonds, the higher the minimum shear rate for complete detachment of cells. For example, from Fig. 2 is it clear that for the cells adhered by two and five bonds the minimum shear rate needed for complete detachment of these two cells are 3000 s−1 and 6000 s−1, respectively.
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Araujo, Fernando Augusto de, Rubem Leite Barretto Junior, William de Sousa, Marcelo Melhorancia Lens Dutra, Carlos Eduardo Sandrini Luz, and Alexandre Hallam Nunes de Paula. "A importância do PMOC na climatização em ambientes de ensino." In Congresso dos Profissionais das Universidades Estaduais de São Paulo. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Sistema de Bibliotecas, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/conpuesp.2.2023.5149.
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Introdução: O Centro para Manutenção de Equipamentos oferece para a Universidade o serviço de elaboração e acompanhamento do PMOC, sendo que um dos primeiros projetos concluídos foi o do Ciclo Básico I, um dos mais importantes complexos de salas de aula, com capacidade para 2.000 alunos. O PMOC visa proporcionar a minimização dos riscos potenciais para os ocupantes, levando em consideração parâmetros de conforto e de qualidade do ar. Objetivo: Mostrar a importância do planejamento do PMOC, bem como o seu gerenciamento e acompanhamento, para proporcionar conforto, segurança e condições adequadas para a realização das atividades acadêmicas e administrativas. Destacar também, que PMOC contribui para a diminuição das manutenções emergenciais e paradas não programadas, trazendo benefícios operacionais e financeiros para a Universidade. Metodologia: Este projeto tem como base as experiências vivenciadas no Centro para Manutenção de Equipamentos, considerando os reflexos do PMOC no dia a dia dos funcionários, alunos e docentes. Resultados: Os locais com PMOC implantado e gerenciado pelo Centro de Manutenção de Equipamentos apresentaram resultados positivos. O acompanhamento periódico possibilitou a realização de manutenções preventivas e preditivas, que resultaram em equipamentos com funcionamento mais eficiente, com menos paradas. Conclusão: A elaboração, gerenciamento e execução do PMOC, além do correto atendimento à legislação e normas vigentes, mostrou-se uma excelente ferramenta para a melhoria nas condições de utilização dos ambientes climatizados, fornecendo dados de apoio para elaboração do planejamento de manutenções preventivas e preditivas, o que se traduz em equipamentos mais confiáveis, eficientes e com menos quebras e paradas inesperadas.
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Cao, M., K. W. Wang, Y. Fujii, and W. E. Tobler. "Automatic Transmission Shift Calibration Based on Parallel-Modulated Neural Network (PMNN) Friction Component Model." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59205.
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The parallel-modulated-neural-network (PMNN) -based friction component model [19] provides a simple pressure-torque formula, which possesses much improved scalability with respect to the applied pressure. In this paper, the PMNN friction component model is implemented within a comprehensive powertrain model, to simulate the shifting process of an automatic transmission (AT) system under various operating conditions. Simulation results demonstrate that the PMNN model can be effectively applied as a part of powertrain system model to accurately predict transmission shift dynamics. A pressure-profiling scheme through a quadratic polynomial pressure-torque relationship from the PMNN model is developed for the transmission shifting optimization. This scheme is implemented to improve the transmission shifting quality under certain operating conditions. The pressure profiling results illustrate that the proposed pressure profiling technique can be potentially applied to a wide range of operating conditions. This study demonstrates that the PMNN architecture not only outperforms the conventional network modeling techniques in accuracy and numerical efficiency, but is also a new tool for AT controller design.
Reports on the topic "PMNC"
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Lee, Jusang, John E. Haddock, Dario D. Batioja Alvarez, and Reyhaneh Rahbar Rastegar. Quality Control and Quality Assurance of Asphalt Mixtures Using Laboratory Rutting and Cracking Tests. Purdue University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317087.
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The main objectives of this project were to review the available balanced-mix design (BMD) methodologies, understand the I-FIT and Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test (HWTT) test methods using INDOT asphalt mixtures, and to explore the application of these tests to both a BMD approach and as performance-related Quality Control (QC) and Quality Acceptance (QA) methods. Two QA mixture specimen types, plant-mixed laboratory-compacted (PMLC) and plant-mixed field-compacted (PMFC) were used in the determination of cracking and rutting parameters. Distribution functions for the flexibility index (FI) values and rutting parameters were determined for various mixture types. The effects of specimen geometry and air voids contents on the calculated Flexibility Index (FI) and rutting parameters were investigated. The fatigue characteristics of selected asphalt mixtures were determined using the S-VECD test according to different FI levels for different conditions. A typical full-depth pavement section was implemented in FlexPAVE to explore the cracking characteristics of INDOT asphalt mixtures by investigating the relationship between the FI values of QA samples with the FlexPAVE pavement performance predictions. The FI values obtained from PMFC specimens were consistently higher than their corresponding PMLC specimens. This study also found that FI values were affected significantly by variations in specimen thickness and air voids contents, having higher FI values with higher air voids contents and thinner specimens. These observations do not agree with the general material-performance expectations that better cracking resistance is achieved with lower air voids content and thicker layers. Additionally, PG 70-22 mixtures show the lowest mean FI values followed by the PG 76-22 and 64-22 mixtures. The same order was observed from the ΔTc (asphalt binder cracking index) of INDOT’s 2017 and 2018 projects. Finally, it was found that the HWTT showed reasonable sensitivity to the different characteristics (e.g., aggregate sizes, binder types, and air voids contents) of asphalt mixtures. Mixtures containing modified asphalt binders showed better rut resistance and higher Rutting Resistance Index (RRI) than those containing unmodified binders.
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Rahbar-Rastegar, Reyhaneh, Gerald Huber, Miguel A. Montoya, Christopher Campbell, and John E. Haddock. Demonstration Project for Asphalt Performance Engineered Mixture Design Testing. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317382.
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The asphalt industry is moving towards performance-based methods for asphalt mixture design. The Federal HighwayAdministration (FHWA) is supportive of state departments of transportations (DOT) adopting index and predictive performance tests, especially those making use of the Asphalt Mixture Performance Tester (AMPT). The FHWA is therefore encouraging state DOTs to gain experience with the requirements of the procedures and analysis tools for Balanced Mixture Design (BMD). The main objective of this study is to evaluate fatigue cracking on three INDOT mainline pavement projects that have asphalt mixtures designed by the Superpave 5 mixture design, and to better understand the fundamental engineering testing capabilities of the AMPT. A total of four Superpave 5 asphalt mixtures were collected and tested from the three projects. The viscoelastic characteristics and fatigue behavior of plant-mixed, laboratory compacted (PMLC), laboratory-mixed, laboratory compacted (LMLC), and plant-mixed, field compacted (PMFC) specimens were assessed according to the AASHTO TP-132 and AASHTO TP-133 test methods. Two AMPT machines (IPC Controls and PaveTest) were used to conduct the dynamic modulus tests, while all fatigue tests were performed using a PaveTest AMPT. The raw data were analyzed using the FlexMAT software. The dynamic modulus and cyclic fatigue test results indicate that AMPT testing can be used to effectively evaluate INDOT asphalt mixtures during the mixture design and production phases. However, to do so, detailed planning and effective training are needed to help ensure the successful completion of AMPT testing.
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Lloyd-Sherlock, Peter, Karla Cristina Giacomin, Poliana Fialho de Carvalho, and Lucas Sempé. Programa Maior Cuidado: An Integrated Community-Based Intervention on Care for Older People. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005535.
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This report presents an overview of a novel community-based intervention for older people living in deprived neighbourhoods in the Brazilian city of Belo Horizonte: Programa Maior Cuidado (PMC). Since 2011 PMC has been jointly run by the municipal Departments of Health and Social Assistance to support dependent older people living in vulnerable families. These families receive up to 20 hours of support a week from professional family care support workers. Health centres and social assistance posts hold joint monthly case reviews and work closely with family care support workers to anticipate and respond to new problems. Between 2011 and December 2022, 3,062 families had received support or were continuing to do so. Drawing on a set of qualitative and quantitative evaluations, we show that PMC operates effectively and appears to generate a range of positive effects. These effects include enhanced health and wellbeing of older people, reducing the stress and burden of family carers and improving the efficiency of outpatient and inpatient health service use. PMC also provides a valuable livelihood opportunity for the caregivers it employs. A cost analysis estimates that the monthly per capita cost of PMC in April 2023 was 916.2 reais (US$173), which is substantially less than alternative interventions. These positive evaluations have led Belo Horizonte municipality to extend the scheme and the Federal Ministry of Health to support similar pilots in new cities. Future evaluations of these pilot schemes will add to the available evidence about PMC and its potential suitability for other parts of Brazil and similar countries.
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Batten, Belinda, and Dan Hellin. The Pacific Marine Energy Center - South Energy Test Site (PMEC-SETS). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1419795.
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PHELAN, JAMES M., JOSEPH V. ROMERO, JAMES L. BARNETT, FAWN A. GRIFFIN, and DAYLE R. PARKER. Landmine Chemical Signatures - PMN mIne Emission Test Results. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/805837.
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Keen, Noel. Assessment of Applying the PMaC Prediction Framework to NERSC-5 SSP Benchmarks. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/941538.
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Kim, Ran Y. Polymer Matrix Composite (PMC) Damage Tolerance and Repair Technology. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada400690.
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Swift, Alicia. Overview of the U.S.-U.K. Portal Monitor for Authentication and Certification (PMAC) Project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1798810.
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Janus, Robert S., Mark B. Moffett, and James M. Powers. Large-Signal Characterization of PMN-PT-Ba (90/10/3). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada640710.
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Ewart, Lynn M., Elizabeth A. McLaughlin, and Kim D. Gittings. Investigation of the Compressive Material Properties of PZT and PMN. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada379761.
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