Relevant bibliographies by topics / PMMA thin films

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'PMMA thin films'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "PMMA thin films"

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Nassir, Lamis Faaz, and Mohammed Hadi Shinen. "Study of Electrical Properties of PMMA/P3HT Films." NeuroQuantology 20, no. 3 (March 26, 2022): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2022.20.3.nq22039.

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The influence of P3HT particles on the electrical characteristics of the polymer PMMA is investigated in this paper. The spin coating process was used to prepare samples of (PMMA-P3HT) thin films, the weight of P3HT are (0.02, 0.04 and 0.06) wt. %. The D.C. electrical conductivity of the (PMMA-P3HT) thin film is revealed by the experimental results increases with rising temperature, whereas the activation energy of the (PMMA-P3HT) thin film decreases with increasing concentrations of the(P3HT)thin films.
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Goyal, Alisha, Jyoti Rozra, Isha Saini, Pawan K. Sharma, and Annu Sharma. "Refractive Index Tailoring of Poly(methylmethacrylate) Thin Films by Embedding Silver Nanoparticles." Advanced Materials Research 585 (November 2012): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.585.134.

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Nanocomposite films of Poly (methylmethacrylate) with different concentration of silver nanoparticles were prepared by ex-situ method. Firstly, silver nanoparticles were obtained by reducing the aqueous solution of silver nitrate with sodium borohydride then Ag-PMMA films were prepared by mixing colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles with solution of polymer. Thin solid films were structurally characterized using UV-VIS spectroscopy and TEM. The appearance of surface plasmon resonance peak, characteristic of silver nanoparticles at 420 nm in UV-VIS absorption spectra of Ag-PMMA films confirms the formation of Ag-PMMA nanocomposite. TEM showed Ag nanoparticles of average size 8 nm embedded in PMMA matrix. Analysis of absorption and reflection data indicates towards the reduction in optical band gap and increase in refractive index of the resulting nanocomposite. The synthesized Ag-PMMA nanocomposite has been found to be more conducting than PMMA as ascertained using I-V studies. The decrease in band gap and increase in conductivity can be correlated due to the formation of localized electronic states in PMMA matrix due to insertion of Ag nanoparticles. The PMMA thin films with dispersed silver nanoparticles may be useful for nanophotonic devices.
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Charlot, Benoit, Sebastian Gauthier, Alexandra Garraud, Philippe Combette, and Alain Giani. "PVDF/PMMA blend pyroelectric thin films." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 22, no. 12 (April 5, 2011): 1766–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-011-0360-7.

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Bani-Salameh, Areen A., A. A. Ahmad, A. M. Alsaad, I. A. Qattan, and Ihsan A. Aljarrah. "Synthesis, Optical, Chemical and Thermal Characterizations of PMMA-PS/CeO2 Nanoparticles Thin Film." Polymers 13, no. 7 (April 4, 2021): 1158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071158.

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We report the synthesis of hybrid thin films based on polymethyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) doped with 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% of cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs). The As-prepared thin films of (PMMA-PS) incorporated with CeO2 NPs are deposited on a glass substrate. The transmittance T% (λ) and reflectance R% (λ) of PMMA-PS/CeO2 NPs thin films are measured at room temperature in the spectral range (250–700) nm. High transmittance of 87% is observed in the low-energy regions. However, transmittance decreases sharply to a vanishing value in the high-energy region. In addition, as the CeO2 NPs concentration is increased, a red shift of the absorption edge is clearly observed suggesting a considerable decrease in the band gap energy of PMMA-PS/CeO2 NPs thin film. The optical constants (n and k) and related key optical and optoelectronic parameters of PMMA-PS/Ce NPs thin films are reported and interpreted. Furthermore, Tauc and Urbach models are employed to elucidate optical behavior and calculate the band gaps of the as-synthesized nanocomposite thin films. The optical band gap energy of PMMA-PS thin film is found to be 4.03 eV. Optical band gap engineering is found to be possible upon introducing CeO2 NPs into PMMA-PS polymeric thin films as demonstrated clearly by the continuous decrease of optical band gap upon increasing CeO2 content. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis is conducted to identify the major vibrational modes of the nanocomposite. The peak at 541.42 cm−1 is assigned to Ce–O and indicates the incorporation of CeO2 NPs into the copolymers matrices. There were drastic changes to the width and intensity of the vibrational bands of PMMA-PS upon addition of CeO2 NPs. To examine the chemical and thermal stability, thermogravimetric (TGA) thermograms are measured. We found that (PMMA-PVA)/CeO2 NPs nanocomposite thin films are thermally stable below 110 °C. Therefore, they could be key candidate materials for a wide range of scaled multifunctional smart optical and optoelectronic devices.
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El-Nasser, H. M. "Morphology and Spectroscopic Ellipsometry of PMMA Thin Films." Applied Physics Research 9, no. 2 (February 16, 2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/apr.v9n2p5.

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The morphology and optical properties of PMMA thin films deposited on silicon substrates were investigated. The spin coated films were characterized by atomic force microscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry. Regardless that, the samples were deposited at different coating speeds, the surface structures of all PMMA thin films were consistent, and found to be relatively smooth, with a mean grain size in the range of 13-25 nm. The refractive index as well as the extinction coefficient of the films was determined using spectroscopic ellipsometry data over the wavelength range 380-750 nm. For this purpose, we used the Cauchy dispersion relation in order to represent PMMA layers, and then models were built by adding a roughness layer, which simply corrects any possible deviation from planarity. Besides, the thicknesses of all four films were calculated simultaneously based on multiple sample analysis method. By using this method, optical properties were coupled in such way that, the optical constants for all samples were assumed to be identical.
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Kadhem, Saba J. "Optical properties for TiO2 / PMMA nanocomposite thin films prepared by plasma jet." Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 15, no. 35 (December 2, 2018): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v15i35.50.

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PMMA/TiO2 homogeneous thin films were deposited by using plasma jet system under normal atmospheric pressure and room temperature. PMMA/TiO2 nanocomposite thin film synthesized by plasma polymerization. Titanium oxide was mixed with Methyl Methacrylate Monomer (MMA) with specific weight ratios (1, 3 and 5 grams of TiO2 per 100 ml of MMA). Optical properties of PMMA/TiO2 nanocomposite thin films were characterized by UV-Visible absorption spectra using a double beam UV-Vis-NIR Spectrophotometer. The thin films surface morphological analysis is carried out by employing SEM. The structure analysis are achieved by X-ray diffraction. UV-Visible absorption spectra shows that the increasing the concentration of titanium oxide added to the polymer leads to shift the peak position (λmax) toward the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Also the peak width increases when the concentration of TiO2 increases. It can be controlled optical energy band gap of PMMA/TiO2 nanocomposite thin films by changing concentration of TiO2. SEM indicate a uniform distribution of titanium oxide particles in PMMA matrix. The x-ray diffraction pattern indicated that the thin films have amorphous structure.
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Alsaad, Ahmad, Abdul Raouf Al Dairy, Ahmad Ahmad, Issam A. Qattan, Shatha Al Fawares, and Qais Al-Bataineh. "Synthesis and Characterization of Polymeric (PMMA-PVA) Hybrid Thin Films Doped with TiO2 Nanoparticles Using Dip-Coating Technique." Crystals 11, no. 2 (January 24, 2021): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11020099.

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We report the synthesis of hybrid thin films based on Poly(MethylMethAcrylate) (PMMA) and Poly(VinylAlcohol) (PVA), doped with different concentrations of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs). As-prepared thin films of (PMMA-PVA) doped by TiO2 NPs (wt.% = 2%, 4%, 8%, and 16%) are deposited on glass substrate. Transmittance (T%), reflectance (R%), absorption coefficient (α), optical constants (n and k), and optical dielectric functions (ε1 and ε2) are deduced using the experimental transmittance and reflectance spectra. Furthermore, a combination of classical models such as Tauc, Urbach, Spitzer-Fan, and Drude models are applied to calculate the optical and optoelectronic parameters and the energy gaps of the prepared nanocomposite thin films. The optical bandgap energy of PMMA-PVA thin film is found to be 4.101 eV. Incorporation of TiO2 NPs into PMMA-PVA polymeric thin films leads to a decrease in the optical bandgap and thus bandgap engineering is possible. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) transmittance spectra of thin films are measured and interpreted to identify the vibrational modes. To elucidate the chemical stability, thermogravimetric (TGA) curves are measured. We found that (PMMA-PVA)/TiO2 NPs polymeric thin films are thermally stable below 110 °C enable them to be attractive for a wide range of optical and optoelectronic applications.
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Mathew, Roshan Jesus, Sarika Raj, and Ravi Shankaran Dhesingh. "PMMA-based Stimuli-responsive Flexible Thin-films." Chemistry Letters 42, no. 11 (November 5, 2013): 1360–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.130708.

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Najim, Manar Abd, Akram Raheem Jabur, and Ali A. Hameed. "Effect of Iodine Addition on Improving the Electrical Conductivity and Activation Energy of Electrospun PMMA Thin Films." Materials Science Forum 1002 (July 2020): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1002.84.

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Conductive polymer films were prepared from poly (methyl methacrylate) PMMA with (0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9) wt. % of iodine, using electrospinning technique. A decrease was noticed in the polymer solution viscosity with increasing the iodine weight percentage while both surface tension and electrical conductivity of the polymer solutions were increased .The structure and morphology of the prepared films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy SEM, the average fiber diameter measured statistically from the SEM images and was equal to 800 nm for PMMA with 0.7 wt. % iodine thin film, and 400 nm for the pure PMMA thin film. The electrical conductivity was enhanced for the electrospun films with increasing iodine concentration, from (29.5518× 10-9 S/cm) for pure PMMA film to (59.3725× 10-9 S/cm) for PMMA with 0.9 wt. % of iodine additives at room temperature. Activation energy decreased from 0.4483 e.V for pure PMMA to 0.43029 e.V for PMMA with 0.9 wt. % iodine.
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Rameshkumar, C., S. Sarojini, K. Naresh, and R. Subalakshmi. "Preparation and Characterization of Pristine PMMA and PVDF Thin Film using Solution Casting Process for Optoelectronic Devices." Journal of Surface Science and Technology 33, no. 1-2 (July 24, 2017): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jsst/2017/6215.

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The PMMA and PVDF thin films were synthesized by solution casting process. The structural, spectroscopic, and morphological attributes of both the interface and surface of the film have been investigated. The structural properties of pristine PMMA and PVDF thin film were studied by XRD. The XRD spectra showed the detailed state of order and disorder of the system. From the XRD studies amorphous nature as well as the crystallanity (semi crystalline nature) of the polymer thin film were identified. SEM showed the surface morphology of the pristine PMMA and PVDF thin film. From the SEM image the size and the porous nature of the thin film were estimated. The UV showed the absorption characteristics of PMMA and PVDF thin films. From the UV-Visible spectra, we determined the direct and indirect optical energy gap of pristine PMMA and PVDF polymer samples by Devi's and Mott formula and Tauc's Expression. To the best of our knowledge, the direct and indirect energy gap in pristine PMMA and PVDF polymer thin films have been observed for the first time as no such report was found in literature survey.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PMMA thin films"

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Sauñi, Camposano Yesenia Haydee. "Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite thin films on PMMA Printed Substrates." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/9902.

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Each year millions of people suffer from bone defects resulting from trauma, tumors or bone-related injuries. Therefore there is a need to continuously develop new materials or improve the properties of the materials currently used, for bone replacement or implant applications. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) has proven to be a promising alternative as a material for implants; however, there are still some limitations inherent to this material, particularly related to its surface properties. This thesis work is focused on the fabrication of hydroxyapatite (HAp) thin films on the surface of 3D printed PMMA substrates. 3D printing, particularly the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technique was used to fabricate PMMA substrates with different surface porosity levels. FDM technique exhibits the potential for fabricating customized freeform structures for several applications including craniofacial reconstruction. HAp thin films were deposited by Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering (RFMS) and Ion Beam Sputtering (IBS) techniques, with a commercial target and an “in house” sintered target, respectively. A structural, chemical, mechanical, and morphological characterization was conducted in the generated surfaces by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and hardness and roughness measurements. The results of the XRD analysis revealed an amorphous structure for the films produced by both RFMS and IBS techniques on the PMMA substrates. The micrographs obtained by SEM showed a columnar morphology and a low density for the films produced by RFMS; the same technique revealed a structure of ridges of standing platelets with curved contours for the IBS deposited films. The amorphous structure and the morphology of the films, as well as the hardness and roughness can be propitious to improve surface properties and promote the osseointegration capabilities of PMMA. This work contributes to the basis for the development of a PMMA implant manufacturing process using 3D printing and HAp film deposition techniques, with improved osseointegration properties.
Cada año, millones de personas sufren defectos óseos como resultado de traumas, tumores o lesiones relacionadas con los huesos. Por lo tanto, existe la necesidad de desarrollar continuamente nuevos materiales o mejorar las propiedades de los materiales utilizados actualmente, para aplicaciones de reemplazo óseo o implantes. El polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA) ha demostrado ser una alternativa prometedora como material para implantes; sin embargo, todavía existen algunas limitaciones inherentes a este material, particularmente relacionadas con sus propiedades superficiales. Este trabajo de tesis se centra en la fabricación de películas delgadas de hidroxiapatita (HAp) en la superficie de sustratos de PMMA impresos en 3D. La impresión 3D, particularmente la técnica de modelado de deposición fundida (FDM), se utilizó para fabricar sustratos de PMMA con diferentes niveles de porosidad superficial. La técnica FDM exhibe el potencial para fabricar estructuras personalizadas de para varias aplicaciones, incluida la reconstrucción craneofacial. Las películas delgadas de HAp se depositaron mediante técnicas de deposición catódica con Magnetrón y radio frecuencia (RFMS) y deposición catódica con haz de iones (IBS), con un target comercial y un target sinterizado "in house", respectivamente. Se realizó una caracterización estructural, química, mecánica y morfológica en las superficies generadas por medio de difracción de rayos X (XRD), microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM), espectroscopía de energía dispersiva (EDS) y medidas de dureza y rugosidad. Los resultados del análisis de XRD revelaron una estructura amorfa para las películas producidas por ambas técnicas RFMS e IBS en los sustratos de PMMA. Las micrografías obtenidas por SEM mostraron una morfología columnar y una baja densidad para las películas producidas por RFMS; la misma técnica reveló una estructura de crestas de plaquetas con contornos curvados para las películas depositadas IBS. La estructura amorfa y la morfología de las películas, así como la dureza y la rugosidad pueden ser propicias para mejorar las propiedades de la superficie y promover las capacidades de oseointegración del PMMA. Este trabajo contribuye a la base para el desarrollo de un proceso de fabricación de implantes de PMMA usando impresión 3D y técnicas de deposición de película HAp, con propiedades mejoradas de oseointegración.
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Okerberg, Brian. "Morphological Studies of Crystallization in Thin Films of PEO/PMMA Blends." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29213.

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Morphological development during crystallization of thin films of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) / poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blends has been reported. Studies have focused on the effects of the blend composition, PMMA molecular weight, film thickness, and crystallization temperature on the observed crystal morphology. As the blend composition was varied from 90 to 30 wt% PEO, the crystal morphology varied from spherulites to needles and dendrites. Variation of the crystallization temperature and PMMA molecular weight resulted in similar changes in morphology. A morphological map demonstrating the roles of the experimental controls on the observed crystal morphology has been developed. This map was used as a tool for more detailed studies of the observed morphologies and morphological transitions. The dendritic region of the map (~ 30 = 40 wt% PEO) was studied in detail. Changes in the diffusion length were achieved through variation of the PMMA molecular weight, and were shown to influence the secondary sidebranch spacing. Sidebranch spacing measurements revealed that coarsening of the dendritic microstructure occurred well after the competition between diffusion fields of neighboring dendrite arms vanished, indicating the existence of another coarsening mechanism. These studies of dendritic sidebranching indicate that polymer dendrites develop by mechanisms similar to those in small molecules and metals. A number of in-situ observations of morphological transitions have also been reported, including a dense-branched morphology (DBM)/dendrite transition, a DBM/stacked-needle/needle transition, and a transition from dendrites with 90o sidebranching to dendrites with 45o branching or a dense-branched morphology, both of which grow at 45o to the original dendrite trunk. The DBM/dendrite transition occurred over a range of crystallization temperatures, indicating that the transition is not sharp. Crystal growth rate measurements verified this result. The DBM/stacked-needle/needle transitions demonstrated distinct jumps in the crystal growth rate, indicating a change in the growth mechanism or direction. For the transition involving a change in the growth direction, the effective level of noise (fluctuation) was found to be important in morphological selection. The results of this work have helped to define new directions for the study of crystal morphologies, especially in the areas of spherulite formation and dendritic growth.
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Yuan, Chuqing. "Topographic Pattern Directed Phase Separation in PAN/PMMA Blend Thin Films." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1525754114090085.

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Liu, Xiangyu. "Highly Ordered Phase-separated PS/PMMA Blend Thin Films Structures via Capillary Force Lithography." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1462467586.

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Kim, Ick Chan. "Experimental investigation of size effect on thermal conductivity for ultra-thin amorphous poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1348.

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Holroyd, Chloe. "Broadband vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy (VSFS) of modified graphene and polymeric thin films." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/broadband-vibrational-sum-frequency-spectroscopy-vsfs-of-modified-graphene-and-polymeric-thin-films(1b1abe44-8679-4384-993f-f9547f41f450).html.

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The surface-specific technique of vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy (VSFS) can provide vibrational information about chemical bonds at surfaces and interfaces. Two photons, of visible and infrared frequency, are spatially and temporally overlapped at a surface/interface to produce a photon at the sum frequency (SF) of the two input photons. As well as this process only being allowed in non-centrosymmetric media (i.e. VSFS is surface/interface specific), the SF process is enhanced when the IR beam is resonant with vibrational resonances. Broadband VSFS has been used in this project to study surfaces of two distinct classes of materials, namely graphene and polymers. Firstly, broadband VSFS was used to investigate the heating polymeric thin films using a home-built heated sample cell. The cell was tested using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 1-octadecanethiol (ODT) grown on gold substrates. It was subsequently used to investigate thin films of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) of four different thicknesses and two different molecular weights that were spin-coated onto gold substrates. It was shown that the monolayers of ODT become disordered upon heating and solidified to incorporate the disorder introduced by the heating process. The PMMA films were also shown to become more disordered as a function of temperature. Secondly, broadband VSFS was used to investigate modified graphene, motivated by the fact that modifications to pristine graphene, be it intentional (i.e. functionalisation) or unintentional (i.e. contamination), cause the properties of graphene to change. This project focused on studying hydrogenated graphene, N-methylbenzamide functionalised graphene and contamination on commercial graphene. A method for calculating the number of hydrogen atoms in a hydrogen island was developed. VSF spectra of CH stretches in N-methylbenzamide functionalised graphene were obtained. Residues on commercially bought graphene were detected using VSFS and RAIRS. These residues were assigned to PMMA that remained on the CVD graphene by the process of transferring the CVD graphene from the copper foil on which it was grown onto the gold substrates.
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He, Guping. "The Effect of Modified AuNPs on the Morphology and Nanostructure Orientation of PPMA-b-PMMA Block Copolymer Thin Films." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-154391.

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Block copolymer/inorganic nanoparticle hybrids draw great attention of scientists from various areas for their potential applications in diverse fields such as microelectronics, sensors, and solar cells. Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) can be expected to be incorporated into block copolymers with order and selectivity by self-assembly of NPs and/or by synergistic self-assembly between NPs and block copolymers. The morphology and nanostructure order of block copolymers can be also adjusted and directed by incorporation of NPs. In this study, the effect of the size and modification of AuNPs on the morphology and nanostructure orientation of block copolymer PPMA-b-PMMA thin films were systematically investigated. The lateral BCP structure in thin films was improved by adding AuNPs. The controlled location of AuNPs in the BCP thin films depended on the particle size and stabilizing species. The re-orientation of cylindrical domains depended on the modification of AuNPs. PPMA-coated AuNPs, corresponding to the lower surface energy component of BCP, were powerful in directing the cylinders from parallel to perpendicular to the substrate. These results provide a general guide for other BCP/inorganic NP hybrid systems for desired morphology and nanostructure orientation.
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McGiveron, James Kevin. "Aspects of sol-gel chemistry : the adsorption properties of silica sol-gel monoliths and the preparation of indium(III) oxide and indium(III)/tin(IV) oxide thin films by the inorganic sol-gel process." Thesis, Brunel University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294504.

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Maire, Helene C. "Characterization of cylindrical nano-domains in thin films of polystyrene-poly(methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer studied via atomic force microscopy." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1037.

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APRILE, GIULIA. "Directed self-assembly of Di-Block copolymers for a new idea of length standards at the nanoscale." Doctoral thesis, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11579/86901.

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Di-Block Copolymers (DBCs) are materials composed of two different monomer subunits linked together. These blocks are able to self-assemble in different microphases with various morphologies (cylinders, lamellae, spheres, gyroids). For this reason, the DBCs are widely investigated as patterning and nanofabrication technique. In this work, the combination of conventional lithographic approaches with the Self-Assembly of DBCs is investigated, to develop a new generation of lateral length standards at the nanoscale (under 70 nm) with a low cost approach based on the natural constants of matter. The behavior of a cylinder forming Polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) with Mn = 54 kg·mol-1 within SiO2 periodical trenches by a Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP) oven is studied. Although this material has been widely used as lithographic mask its application in metrology field was still unknown. The optimization and calibration of DBC thin film deposition processes as a function of geometrical and annealing parameters are performed and the characteristic dimensions (L0) of the cylindrical patterns are analyzed. A decoupling of the L0 along the two confinement directions is observed. The center-to-center distance in the direction parallel to the long side of the trenches (L0l) remains invariant as a function of process variability. Thus, the high stability of L0l makes it an intrinsic feature of the system usable as measurand for a new lateral length standard. Finally, the attempt to increase the chemical incompatibility between the two blocks within the PSb-PMMA system by copolymerization of a fluorine containing methacrylic monomer with the methyl methacrylate is performed. The aims are to understand how the fluorine-containing monomer influences the DBC segregation and the structure periodicity, and if this modification allows to obtain a smaller periodicity of the DBC features for potentially increasing the standard length size range.
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Book chapters on the topic "PMMA thin films"

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Elzein, T., M. Brogly, and J. Schultz. "Organization of PCL-b-PMMA Diblock Thin Films: Relationship to the Adsorption Substrate Chemistry." In Adhesion, 47–58. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527607307.ch4.

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Liao, Ming-Liang, Shin-Pon Ju, Ching-Ho Cheng, Wen-Jay Lee, and Jee-Gong Chang. "Conformations of PMMA Thin Films on an Au (111) Substrate: Chain-Length and Tacticity Effects." In Computational Fluid Dynamics 2008, 537–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01273-0_70.

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Scherg, G. P., R. Gärtner, P. Berberich, and H. Kinder. "Dispersion and Scattering of Monochromatic Phonons in Thin Amorphous PMMA-Films Near the Propagation Cutoff." In Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, 266–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84888-9_103.

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Vogt, O., B. Graß, G. Weber, R. Hergenröder, D. Siepe, A. Neyer, and J. P. Pohl. "Characterization of Sputtered Thin Film Electrodes on PMMA Microchips with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Cyclic Voltammetry." In Micro Total Analysis Systems 2001, 327–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1015-3_139.

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Pan, Ci-Ling, Chih-Hsuan Lin, Chan-Shan Yang, and Alexey Zaytsev. "Laser Ablation of Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) by Phase- Controlled Femtosecond Two-Color Synthesized Waveforms." In Applications of Laser Ablation - Thin Film Deposition, Nanomaterial Synthesis and Surface Modification. InTech, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/65637.

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Kasemsap, Kijpokin. "The Role of Business Analytics in Performance Management." In Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics, 126–45. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-7272-7.ch010.

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This chapter introduces the role of Business Analytics (BA) in Performance Management (PM), thus explaining the theoretical and practical concepts of BA, Performance Management Analytics (PMA), and organizational performance; the overview of performance measurement and PM; the application of Performance Management System (PMS) through BA; and the significance of BA in PMA. This chapter also explains the practical areas of BA and their advantages within the foundation of PM. BA can be used to validate causal relationships within traditional input, process, output, and outcome categories toward business success. Extending the domain of PM to PMA requires new business data analysis skills to gain organizational effectiveness. PMA fills the existing gap between PMS and effective PM adoption. Understanding the role of BA in PM will significantly enhance the organizational performance and achieve business goals in the global business environments.
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Wijaya, Hendra, Zaekhan Zaekhan, Lukman Junaidi, Ning Ima Arie Wardayanie, Yuliasri Ramadhani Meutia, Nona Widharosa, and Tita Rosita. "Current Status of the Food Industry in Indonesia." In Food Sustainability, Environmental Awareness, and Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies for Developing Countries, 1–20. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5629-3.ch001.

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This study assesses the contribution of the food and beverage industry to the Indonesian economy based on firm characteristics. The comparative descriptive statistical method describes a detailed mapping of the firm's character and the main supporting factors, such as processed commodities, firm size, island region, capital ownership, and exporters. The contribution of the food and beverage sub-industry varies; the vegetable and animal oils and fats industry is the largest and most effective. Small and medium firms have the lowest contribution compared to large firms. Firms in the Sumatra region have the highest contribution compared to firms in other regions. PMDN firms have a higher contribution than PMA firms. Non-exporting firms have a high average contribution compared to exporting firms. Based on the results, policymakers can concentrate on the potential to increase the contribution of a particular group of firms.
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Brandão, Jeovani, Marcos Vinicius Puydinger dos Santos, and Fanny Béron. "Stabilizing Zero-Field Skyrmions at Room-Temperature in Perpendicularly Magnetized Multilayers." In Magnetic Skyrmions. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97179.

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Magnetic skyrmions are twirling spin structures observed in bulk, thin films, and multilayers with several features for both fundamental physics understanding and spintronic applications, i.e., nanoscale size, efficient transport under electrical current, and topological protection against defects. However, most magnetic skyrmions have been observed under the assistance of an out-of-plane magnetic field, which may limit their use in magnetic memory technologies. In this chapter, we review and present two recent mechanisms to create zero-field skyrmions at room-temperature in ferromagnetic multilayers. First, by tuning the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and remnant magnetization (near magnetization saturation) in unpatterned symmetric multilayer systems, it was achieved a transition from worm-like domains to isolated skyrmions. Besides, we present how to find stable zero-field skyrmions in arrays of ferrimagnetic discs by tailoring their diameter. Both methods demonstrate a robust route to stabilize zero-field skyrmions at room temperature, thus providing an important contribution to possible applications of these textures in the next generation of skyrmionics devices.
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Gross, Alan G., and Joseph E. Harmon. "Internet Humanities Essays and Books." In The Internet Revolution in the Sciences and Humanities. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190465926.003.0008.

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Has there been in the 21st-century humanities an Internet transformation similar to that in the sciences? A comparison of online elite journals suggests that the Internet transformation in the humanities is noticeably less far along. This generalization applies to the 10 elite humanities journals identified by Eugene Garfield: Language (journal of the Linguistic Society of America), Journal of Philosophy, American Antiquity, PMLA (journal of the Modern Language Association), Linguistic Inquiry, Past & Present, Philosophical Review, American Historical Review, Economic History Review, and Journal of Economic History. Even a journal called Music, Sound, and the Moving Image has no music, sound, or moving images. This state of affairs also applies to online journals. Within the past decade, the Open Humanities Press established 17 open-access journals in “response to the crisis in scholarly publishing in the humanities”; tellingly, of these 17, the articles in all but one are in the form of PDF or HTML files with straight text and, typically, few if any links or images. An exception is Vectors: Journal of Culture and Technology in a Dynamic Vernacular, which “brings together visionary scholars with cutting-edge designers and technolo­gists to propose a rethinking of the dynamic relation of form to content in academic research.” There is an obvious explanation for this state of digital affairs: the differences between the two cultures. The typical humanities essay is primarily a verbal document composed by a single author, written in a more personal style than that of the scientific article. Typically, it is designed around an argument or narrative that does not easily lend itself to nonsequential reading. One cannot imagine essays by scholars as diverse as Martin Heidegger, Jürgen Habermas, Simone de Beauvoir, Judith Butler, or Martha Nussbaum benefitting in any substantive way from the affordances of the web, aside from easier access to a global readership. In many cases, a simple web-based reproduction of the print version suffices. Still, the elite humanities journals are not entirely free of Internet innovation.
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Conference papers on the topic "PMMA thin films"

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Horibe, Akihiro, Megumi Izuhara, Eisuke Nihei, and Yasuhiro Koike. "Highly Scattered Optical-Transmission Polymer for the Liquid Crystal Display Backlight." In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1995.tua.4.

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In LCD application, it was thought that transparent polymer materials were necessary for optical-transmission media of light sources. Therefore, for conventional edge-light type backlight systems which have lamps on one or both edges, transparent PMMA homopolymer plate has been used as a waveguide. And, it was believed that a transparent PMMA homopolymer plate as a waveguide was indispensable. However, this conventional system has not given satisfied luminance.
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Ghebremichael, F., and R. J. Knize. "Linear Electro-Optic measurements of Dye-Doped Polymers." In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1997.the.3.

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The basic Mach-Zehnder interferometer was modified for use in in-situ temperature dependent linear electro-optic (LEO) measurements of thin films of 4-dimethylamino-4'-nitrostilbene (DANS) doped into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Optimum interferometer phase stability was possible because of an incorporated electronic feedback system. Film thickness variation was compensated for in order to obtain more accurate LEO coefficient measurements and thus the second order susceptibility. Moreover, both the α-relaxation associated with the glass transition, Tg, and β-relaxation associated with the secondary transition occurring below Tg of PMMA + 2%wt.DANS were obtained.
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Morino, S., T. Yamazaki, S. Machida, T. Yamashita, and K. Horie. "Photoinduced Refractive Index Changes in PMMA Films Including a Photochromic Fugide." In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1995.wtt.5.

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Photochemical reactions such as photochromic reactions, photodegradation and photocrosslinking, change optical properties of the samples during their reactions, and are applicable for optical memories, optical switching devices, and so on[1~3].
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Kang, Kwang-Sun, Wade N. Sisk, Faramarz Farahi, and M. Yasin Akhtar Raja. "Photocarrier Generation Efficiency of Pyrromethene-Doped Polymers." In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1995.md.12.

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Solid-state dye lasers based on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) polymers and pyrromethene laser dyes are currently being evaluated for lasing yield, damage threshold, and device lifetime.1 The fluorescence pathway in these solid-state dyes competes with the carrier production path. Popovic2 has demonstrated the connection between fluorescence yield and carrier generation for the phthalocyanines, namely higher fluorescence yield correlates with lower carrier yield. An improved understanding of the mechanism of organic photoconductors may enable selective optimization of conditions for lasing (fluorescence) or photocarrier production. Since pyrromethene dyes are known to exhibit strong fluorescence under zero field conditions3, low photocarrier yield and thus a high activation barrier for carrier production is predicted. The objective of this study is to determine the activation energy of photocarrier production in laser excited pyrromethene/PMMA samples by measuring the temperature dependence of the photoresponse. The dependence of charge generation on electron donor dopants, dye concentration, and laser intensity are also investigated; consequently information on charge traps and thermal decomposition rates is obtained.
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Lester, Cashe, Abdulsalam Abdulkadir, Lauren Washburn, Ashwinin Kucknoor, and Su-Ying Wei. "Fluorescent Biocompatible Tactic PMMA-QDs Thin Films." In 2015 International Conference on Material Science and Applications (icmsa-15). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmsa-15.2015.171.

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Bintz, Lou, Wei Feng, Jiong Ma, Sihan Lin, Darja Tomic, and Alan Mickelson. "Passive Polymer Directional Couplers: Theory and Experiment." In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1995.md.4.

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We present a Computer Aided Design model of a polymer directional coupler and show some preliminary comparision of the predicted characteristics with characteristics of directional couplers fabricated in a side-chained PMMA/DR1. This model encompasses many of the physical processes and effects encountered in the manufacture of passive polymer directional couplers, including actual transverse index profile induced by bleaching, longitudinal variations in the effective index of the polymer due random variations in the material, and the coupling between wave guides in the s-bend transition region of the directional coupler.
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Gonsalves, K. E., G. Carlson, X. Chen, J. Kumar, R. Perez, and M. Jose Yacaman. "Surface Functionalized Nanostructured Gold/Polymer Composites." In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1995.md.13.

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Nanometric gold particles were synthesized by a liquid/liquid phase-transfer reaction. Composites of these particles were prepared by free-radical polymerization of solutions of the particles in methyl methacrylate monomer. Concentrations of 1.0, 0.7, and 0.3 mg/mlwere prepared, with no noticeable agglomeration of particles during processing. PMMA/gold films showed a linear absorption peak at 530 nm, which is characteristic of nanosized gold. High-resolution electron microscopy measurement showed that the particle diameters varied from 5 to 11 nm. Degenerate four-wave mixing experiments on 10- micron films yielded a maximum value of 1.4 × 10‒11 e.s.u. for the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility at 532 nm.
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Piyaket, Ram, Ilkan Cokgor, Frederick B. McCormick, Sadik Esener, Alexander S. Dvornikov, and Peter M. Rentzepis. "Two-photon absorption based optical recording in organic planar waveguide." In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1995.wgg.5.

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Two-photon absorption based three-dimensional (3-D) memories have been investigated and demonstrated over the last years, providing potentials for high memory densities and parallel access for fast data rates. Figure 1 illustrates the basic principle by which information is stored and retrieved in these 3-D memories. Two photons with appropriate combined energy (for example, λ = 1064 and 532 nm) are introduced into the memory and are absorbed simultaneously by the memory material which consists of spirobenzopyran (SP) in a PMMA host matrix).1 The simultaneous absorption of the two photons by the photochromic molecule results in a bond dissociation transforming it into a new form with different properties, including the absorption spectrum as shown in Fig. 1. These two different molecular forms are defined as the non-written and written forms of the memory. When properly excited, the new molecular form emits fluorescence which can be detected during the read-out process. The peak fluorescence occurs at 660 nm.
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Labarthet, F. Lagugné, T. Buffeteau, and C. Sourisseau. "Study of photoinduced orientation of azobenzene amorphous polymer by Visible, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy." In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1997.wb.4.

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Azo-dye containing polymeric systems have been a subject of intensive research in the last few years in the areas of photofunctional applications such as photon mode optical memories, transducing optical information, photoswitching of electron conductivity. The main interest of such doped or functionalized systems is due to their dichroic and birefringent properties when they are illuminated by a polarized light. Such an effect is a consequence of the reversible “trans↔cis” photoisomerisation with respect to the N=N double bond which causes a redistribution in the orientation of photochromic entities. In this respect, Dumont et al.1 have already reported the basis of a simple three-level theoretical model in order to explain the reorientation mechanisms of the azo molecules within a photoisomerisation cycle. Hereafter we thus report the results of a dynamical study of the photoisomerisation-induced reorientation of DR1-azo-dye in a polymer matrix (PMMA) by in-situ time dependent Visible and polarisation modulation FTIR spectroscopy measurements. The last part concerns the generation of high-efficiency diffraction patterns obtained by holographic way.
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Koike, Yasuhiro. "High Speed Polymer Optical Fiber and Related Photonics Polymer." In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1997.thb.2.

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With the growing interest focused on the broadband network systems, optical fiber network for high speed telecommunication becomes more important in the premise network area. Silica base single mode fiber is an ideal medium for long distance communication because of its high transparency and high bandwidth, while its much low attenuation is minor advantage in the short distance network. As many data distributions and fiber connections are required in the premises wiring and LANs, low coupling and distribution losses must be maintained. Therefore, we have proposed a large-core, high-bandwidth graded-index polymer optical fiber (GI POF) for high speed data "transmission" medium, and we succeeded in several gigabit transmission in 100 m GI POF link. However, as the GI POF was composed of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA), its high attenuation of transmission limited the GI POF link length to approximately 100 m. Recently we proposed the low-loss perfluorinated (PF) polymer base GI POF which enables more than 300-m transmission with maintaining high data rate.
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