Academic literature on the topic 'PMMA cement'
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Journal articles on the topic "PMMA cement"
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Tang, Zheng Hai, Xiao Wen Wang, Lin Pan, Yan Wen Hu, Yang Wu, Jie Ying Zhang, Shuai Cui, Ji Yao Kang, and Jin Tian Tang. "Preparation and Characterization of PMMA-Based Cements Containing Magnetic Nanoparticles for the Magnetic Hyperthermia." Advanced Materials Research 647 (January 2013): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.647.155.
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Three types of polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)-based cements containing magnetic (Fe3O4) particles were developed and their properties were evaluated. The commercial available PMMA cement (PMMAc) was used as a control material. The setting time of the cement extended while the compressive strength of the samples decreased with increasing Fe3O4 content. There was no obvious difference in peak temperature between the cements during the setting reaction. The cement with 10 wt% Fe3O4 in an alternating magnetic field (AMF) of 125 Gs and cement with 20 wt% Fe3O4 in an AMF of 100 Gs could generate enough heat for the therapeutic hyperthermia of bone metastasis.
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Cui, Xu, Chengcheng Huang, Meng Zhang, Changshun Ruan, Songlin Peng, Li Li, Wenlong Liu, et al. "Enhanced osteointegration of poly(methylmethacrylate) bone cements by incorporating strontium-containing borate bioactive glass." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 14, no. 131 (June 2017): 20161057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.1057.
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Although poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) cements are widely used in orthopaedics, they have numerous drawbacks. This study aimed to improve their bioactivity and osseointegration by incorporating strontium-containing borate bioactive glass (SrBG) as the reinforcement phase and bioactive filler of PMMA cement. The prepared SrBG/PMMA composite cements showed significantly decreased polymerization temperature when compared with PMMA and retained properties of appropriate setting time and high mechanical strength. The bioactivity of SrBG/PMMA composite cements was confirmed in vitro , evidenced by ion release (Ca, P, B and Sr) from SrBG particles. The cellular responses of MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro demonstrated that SrBG incorporation could promote adhesion, migration, proliferation and collagen secretion of cells. Furthermore, our in vivo investigation revealed that SrBG/PMMA composite cements presented better osseointegration than PMMA bone cement. SrBG in the composite cement could stimulate new-bone formation around the interface between the composite cement and host bone at eight and 12 weeks post-implantation, whereas PMMA bone cement only stimulated development of an intervening connective tissue layer. Consequently, the SrBG/PMMA composite cement may be a better alternative to PMMA cement in clinical applications and has promising orthopaedic applications by minimal invasive surgery.
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Saruta, Juri, Ryotaro Ozawa, Kosuke Hamajima, Makiko Saita, Nobuaki Sato, Manabu Ishijima, Hiroaki Kitajima, and Takahiro Ogawa. "Prolonged Post-Polymerization Biocompatibility of Polymethylmethacrylate-Tri-n-Butylborane (PMMA-TBB) Bone Cement." Materials 14, no. 5 (March 8, 2021): 1289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051289.
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Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-based acrylic bone cement is commonly used to fix bone and metallic implants in orthopedic procedures. The polymerization initiator tri-n-butylborane (TBB) has been reported to significantly reduce the cytotoxicity of PMMA-based bone cement compared to benzoyl peroxide (BPO). However, it is unknown whether this benefit is temporary or long-lasting, which is important to establish given that bone cement is expected to remain in situ permanently. Here, we compared the biocompatibility of PMMA-TBB and PMMA-BPO bone cements over several days. Rat femur-derived osteoblasts were seeded onto two commercially-available PMMA-BPO bone cements and experimental PMMA-TBB polymerized for one day, three days, or seven days. Significantly more cells attached to PMMA-TBB bone cement during the initial stages of culture than on both PMMA-BPO cements, regardless of the age of the materials. Proliferative activity and differentiation markers including alkaline phosphatase production, calcium deposition, and osteogenic gene expression were consistently and considerably higher in cells grown on PMMA-TBB than on PMMA-BPO, regardless of cement age. Although osteoblastic phenotypes were more favorable on older specimens for all three cement types, biocompatibility increased between three-day-old and seven-day-old PMMA-BPO specimens, and between one-day-old and three-day-old PMMA-TBB specimens. PMMA-BPO materials produced more free radicals than PMMA-TBB regardless of the age of the material. These data suggest that PMMA-TBB maintains superior biocompatibility over PMMA-BPO bone cements over prolonged periods of at least seven days post-polymerization. This superior biocompatibility can be ascribed to both low baseline cytotoxicity and a further rapid reduction in cytotoxicity, representing a new biological advantage of PMMA-TBB as a novel bone cement material.
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Komatsu, Keiji, Kosuke Hamajima, Ryotaro Ozawa, Hiroaki Kitajima, Takanori Matsuura, and Takahiro Ogawa. "Novel Tuning of PMMA Orthopedic Bone Cement Using TBB Initiator: Effect of Bone Cement Extracts on Bioactivity of Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts." Cells 11, no. 24 (December 10, 2022): 3999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11243999.
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Bone cement containing benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as a polymerization initiator are commonly used to fix orthopedic metal implants. However, toxic complications caused by bone cement are a clinically significant problem. Poly (methyl methacrylate) tri-n-butylborane (PMMA-TBB), a newly developed material containing TBB as a polymerization initiator, was found to be more biocompatible than conventional PMMA-BPO bone cements due to reduced free radical generation during polymerization. However, free radicals might not be the only determinant of cytotoxicity. Here, we evaluated the response and functional phenotypes of cells exposed to extracts derived from different bone cements. Bone cement extracts were prepared from two commercial PMMA-BPO cements and an experimental PMMA-TBB. Rat bone marrow-derived osteoblasts and osteoclasts were cultured in a medium supplemented with bone cement extracts. More osteoblasts survived and attached to the culture dish with PMMA-TBB extract than in the culture with PMMA-BPO extracts. Osteoblast proliferation and differentiation were higher in the culture with PMMA-TBB extract. The number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells was significantly lower in the culture with PMMA-TBB extract. There was no difference in osteoclast-related gene expression in response to different bone cement extracts. In conclusion, PMMA-TBB extract was less toxic to osteoblasts than PMMA-BPO extracts. Although extracts from the different cement types did not affect osteoclast function, PMMA-TBB extract seemed to reduce osteoclastogenesis, a possible further advantage of PMMA-TBB cement. These implied that the reduced radical generation during polymerization is not the only determinant for the improved biocompatibility of PMMA-TBB and that the post-polymerization chemical elution may also be important.
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Liu, Xing, Can Cheng, Xu Peng, Hong Xiao, Chengrui Guo, Xu Wang, Li Li, and Xixun Yu. "A promising material for bone repair: PMMA bone cement modified by dopamine-coated strontium-doped calcium polyphosphate particles." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 10 (October 2019): 191028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191028.
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Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement has been widely used in clinics as bone repair materials for its excellent mechanical properties and good injection properties. However, it also has defects such as poor biological performance, high temperature, and the monomer has certain toxicity. Our study tried to modify the PMMA bone cement by doping with various particle weight fractions (5, 10 and 15%) of SCPP particles and polydopamine-coated SCPP particles (D/SCPP) to overcome its clinical application disadvantages. Our study showed that all results of physical properties of samples are in accordance with ISO 5833. The 15% D/SCPP/PMMA composite bone cement had much better biocompatibility compared with pure PMMA bone cement and SCPP/PMMA composite bone cement due to the best cell growth-promoting mineralization deposition on the surface of 15% D/SCPP/PMMA composite bone cements and Sr 2+ released from SCPP particles. Our research also revealed that the reaction temperature was found to be reduced with an increase in doped particles after incorporating the particles into composite bone cements. The novel PMMA bone cements modified by D/SCPP particles are promising materials for bone repair.
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Goto, Koji, Masami Hashimoto, Shunsuke Fujibayashi, Tadashi Kokubo, and Takashi Nakamura. "New Bioactive Bone Cement Containing Nano-Sized Titania Particles." Key Engineering Materials 284-286 (April 2005): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.97.
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Two types of new bioactive polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-based bone cements containing nano−sized titania (TiO2) particles were prepared and evaluated to assess the effect of TiO2 content on their mechanical properties and osteoconductivity. We prepared two types of bioactive bone cement, ST50c and ST60c, which contained 50 wt% silanized TiO2 and 60 wt% silanized TiO2, respectively. Commercially available PMMA cement (PMMAc) was used as a control. The cements were inserted into rat tibiae and solidified in situ. After 6 and 12 weeks, they were taken out for evaluation of osteoconductivity by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact microradiography (CMR) and Giemsa surface staining. SEM revealed that ST60c and ST50c apposed to bone directly while PMMAc did not. The affinity index of ST60c was significantly higher than for the other cements at each time interval. The results showed that ST60c was a promising material, but its mechanical strength should be improved before application in prosthesis fixation.
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Bistolfi, Ferracini, Albanese, Vernè, and Miola. "PMMA-Based Bone Cements and the Problem of Joint Arthroplasty Infections: Status and New Perspectives." Materials 12, no. 23 (December 2, 2019): 4002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12234002.
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Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based bone cement is a biomaterial that has been used over the last 50 years to stabilize hip and knee implants or as a bone filler. Although PMMA-based bone cement is widely used and allows a fast-primary fixation to the bone, it does not guarantee a mechanically and biologically stable interface with bone, and most of all it is prone to bacteria adhesion and infection development. In the 1970s, antibiotic-loaded bone cements were introduced to reduce the infection rate in arthroplasty; however, the efficiency of antibiotic-containing bone cement is still a debated issue. For these reasons, in recent years, the scientific community has investigated new approaches to impart antibacterial properties to PMMA bone cement. The aim of this review is to summarize the current status regarding antibiotic-loaded PMMA-based bone cements, fill the gap regarding the lack of data on antibacterial bone cement, and explore the progress of antibacterial bone cement formulations, focusing attention on the new perspectives. In particular, this review highlights the innovative study of composite bone cements containing inorganic antibacterial and bioactive phases, which are a fascinating alternative that can impart both osteointegration and antibacterial properties to PMMA-based bone cement.
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Wang, Tong Fu, Sheng Peng Ding, and Hai Chuan Cao. "Determinate the Fracture Toughness of PMMA Cement." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 758–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.758.
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In this paper, adding multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to the polymethylmethacrylate-based (PMMA) bone cements as a way of reinforcement were prepared, and the structure was investigated. The aim of this study was to confirmed the transverse-direction fracture toughness (KIv) in bone cement. TheKIvof PMMA cement and PMMA/MWNCTs cement were determined to be 1.32±0.1 MPa m1/2and 1.96±0.1 MPa m1/2, respectively.
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Lewin, Susanne, Peter Försth, and Cecilia Persson. "Low-Modulus PMMA Has the Potential to Reduce Stresses on Endplates after Cement Discoplasty." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 13, no. 1 (February 4, 2022): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb13010018.
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Cement discoplasty has been developed to treat patients with advanced intervertebral disc degeneration. In discoplasty, poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement is injected into the disc, leading to reduced pain and certain spinal alignment correction. Standard PMMA-cements have much higher elastic modulus than the surrounding vertebral bone, which may lead to a propensity for adjacent fractures. A PMMA-cement with lower modulus might be biomechanically beneficial. In this study, PMMA-cements with lower modulus were obtained using previously established methods. A commercial PMMA-cement (V-steady®, G21 srl) was used as control, and as base cement. The low-modulus PMMA-cements were modified by 12 vol% (LA12), 16 vol% (LA16) and 20 vol% (LA20) linoleic acid (LA). After storage in 37 °C PBS from 24 h up to 8 weeks, specimens were tested in compression to obtain the material properties. A lower E-modulus was obtained with increasing amount of LA. However, with storage time, the E-modulus increased. Standard and low-modulus PMMA discoplasty were compared in a previously developed and validated computational lumbar spine model. All discoplasty models showed the same trend, namely a substantial reduction in range of motion (ROM), compared to the healthy model. The V-steady model had the largest ROM-reduction (77%), and the LA20 model had the smallest (45%). The average stress at the endplate was higher for all discoplasty models than for the healthy model, but the stresses were reduced for cements with higher amounts of LA. The study indicates that low-modulus PMMA is promising for discoplasty from a mechanical viewpoint. However, validation experiments are needed, and the clinical setting needs to be further considered.
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Funk, Grahmm August, Elizabeth M. Menuey, William P. Ensminger, Kathleen V. Kilway, and Terence E. McIff. "Elution of rifampin and vancomycin from a weight-bearing silorane-based bone cement." Bone & Joint Research 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2046-3758.104.bjr-2020-0430.r1.
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Aims Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based bone cements are the industry standard in orthopaedics. PMMA cement has inherent disadvantages, which has led to the development and evaluation of a novel silorane-based biomaterial (SBB) for use as an orthopaedic cement. In this study we test both elution and mechanical properties of both PMMA and SBB, with and without antibiotic loading. Methods For each cement (PMMA or SBB), three formulations were prepared (rifampin-added, vancomycin-added, and control) and made into pellets (6 mm × 12 mm) for testing. Antibiotic elution into phosphate-buffered saline was measured over 14 days. Compressive strength and modulus of all cement pellets were tested over 14 days. Results The SBB cement was able to deliver rifampin over 14 days, while PMMA was unable to do so. SBB released more vancomycin overall than did PMMA. The mechanical properties of PMMA were significantly reduced upon rifampin incorporation, while there was no effect to the SBB cement. Vancomycin incorporation had no effect on the strength of either cement. Conclusion SBB was found to be superior in terms of rifampin and vancomycin elution. Additionally, the incorporation of these antibiotics into SBB did not reduce the strength of the resultant SBB cement composite whereas rifampin substantially attenuates the strength of PMMA. Thus, SBB emerges as a potential weight-bearing alternative to PMMA for the local delivery of antibiotics. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(4):277–284.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PMMA cement"
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Pogula, Lavanya J. "Effect of Antibiotic Additives on the Fracture Toughness of Polymethyl Methacrylate Bone Cement." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1124339605.
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Kim, Hong-Youl. "PMMA bone cement reinforced by plasma treated particles /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841158.
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Ayre, Wayne Nishio. "Novel approaches to the development of PMMA bone cement." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/51101/.
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With an ageing population on the increase, there is a growing need for more effective treatments to enhance the quality of life of patients. Biomaterials employed in such treatments are therefore required to last longer and function more effectively. A biomaterial of particular interest is polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement, which is widely employed in joint replacement surgery. Although this replacement procedure reduces pain and restores joint function, it is associated with a failure rate of approximately 10% after 15 years usually as a consequence of cement functional deterioration. Failure usually requires a complicated revision surgery, which is a burden on both the patient and health care services. This study has therefore applied novel interdisciplinary approaches to the design of PMMA bone cements in an effort to reduce failure in cemented joint replacements. Failure of PMMA bone cements has been previously linked to agglomerations of the radiopacifier employed, which create stress concentrations and initiate cracks. A model cement was therefore developed, with compositional, mechanical, fatigue and rheological properties similar to commercial cements, which enabled two novel radiopacifiers to be tested (anatase TiO2 and yttria-stabilised ZrO2). Regardless of the material employed, agglomerations of the radiopacifiers were found to be a significant problem. Silane treating the radiopacifiers enhanced their dispersion, improving the mechanical and fatigue properties of the cement. Furthermore, anatase TiO2 and silane-treated anatase TiO2 were found to induce hydroxylapatite mineralisation in vitro and enhance the adhesion of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast precursor cells on the surface of the cement. The silane treatment however, was found to decrease the rate of osteoblast proliferation. Ageing effects and moisture uptake in PMMA bone cements were also examined as cement is known to fail predominantly after long periods of use. Ageing cements in isotonic fluid resulted in a maximum moisture uptake of approximately 2%w/w, which was found to induce structural changes over time and caused degradation in the mechanical properties of the cement, potentially contributing to cement failure. A major obstacle with joint replacements is the likelihood of post-operative infections. In an attempt to prevent this, many commercial cements incorporate large amounts of powdered antibiotic to achieve a local therapeutic release. The powdered antibiotic was found to be poorly dispersed and resulted in an uncontrolled initial release from surface agglomerations within the first 6 hours, with potentially sub-inhibitory resistance-inducing levels thereafter. Furthermore, only a small percentage (2-9%) of the antibiotic was released, the commercial cements demonstrated poor bacterial inhibition and incorporating powdered antibiotics was detrimental to the mechanical and fatigue performance of the cement. To overcome these limitations a novel delivery system was developed based on drug-entrapped liposome vesicles. A block co-polymer coating was applied to phospholipid liposomes (100nm diameter) to achieve a uniform dispersion in a commercial bone cement (Palacos R). When antibiotic-loaded liposomes (gentamicin sulphate) were dispersed in the cement, greater levels of antibiotic were released in a more prolonged manner, with enhanced antimicrobial, mechanical, fracture toughness and fatigue properties. Techniques from a variety of disciplines were employed in this study and this inter-disciplinary approach has allowed many features of PMMA bone cement to be investigated. The experiments have offered an insight into cement failure while novel techniques and formulations have been developed, which have the potential to reduce failure and infection in cemented implants and may have wider application in a variety of biomaterials.
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Kulkarni, Swanand. "MODIFICATION IN PMMA BONE CEMENT BY ADDITION OF TiO2 NANOPARTICLES." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/749.
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Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) is one of the most commonly used acrylic bone cements. In 1970s, Dr. John Charnley showed that PMMA can be used as a grouting material for different bone implants for different Joint Arthroplasties (JA). Since then, it is being used in almost all orthopedic and many of the dental applications to provide support to the implant material. The life of these implants is predicted to be 10-15 years. Many of these surgeries fail to live upto the predicted time. This is often because of aseptic loosening of cement mantle which holds the implant. It was shown repeatedly that weak mechanical properties are responsible for this loosening. Crack formation and propagation in cement results in dislocation of implant. However, there are various additional factors which have direct and indirect impact on the mechanical properties of bone cement and it is necessary to follow the loosening mechanism. Since 1970s, lot of research has been done in order to improve mechanical properties of bone cements. Different theories have been proposed and experimentally proved showing remarkable improvement of the mechanical strength of bone cements. Most of these theories tend to make addition of some novel ingredient/component to current solid-liquid system, maintaining the integrity and biocompatibility of bone cement. With advancements in Nanotechnology, use of Nanoadditives has become a common practice in most of the fields including medicine. High surface area to volume ratio is responsible for the extensive use of different nanoparticles in almost all the sectors of technology. Nanocomposites made by mixing of polymers and nanomaterials have shown promising results in terms of their enthalpic and entropic interactions. Current research represents an effort to improve strength of bone cement by lowering the failure rate by using TiO2 (Titania) nanoparticles. The TiO2 nanoparticles used during this research were unfunctionalized. This addition of Titania is expected to improve mechanical properties and mitigate crack generation and propagation in the bone cement mantle and thus increase the life span of the implants after surgery.
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Mhatre, Devdatt. "Biomechanical Evaluation of Vertebral Augmentation to Compare Biocure Cement with PMMA." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1309390838.
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Zezula, Miroslav. "Analýza tokových vlastností kostních cementů během tvrdnutí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216580.
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V dnešní době se chirurgové zajímají o vliv viskozity kostních cementů na jejich penetraci do kosti při úplné kostní náhradě. Penetrace cementu závisí na jeho viskozitě, času vsunutí protézy, době tvrdnutí, atd. Viskozita je určena chemickým složením, teplotou a poměrem monomeru a prášku. V této práci bude porovnávána viskozita a penetrace vysoko- a nízko- viskózních cementů. Viskozita bude měřena dvěma modely. V prvním modelu je hrot s konstantní rychlostí vtlačován do cementu. V druhém modelu je cement vytlačován z kapiláry konst. rychlostí. Penetrace cementu po vstříknutí do kosti bude měřena pomocí rentgenu.
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Fukuda, Chisako. "Bone bonding ability and handling properties of a titania?polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) composite bioactive bone cement modified with a unique PMMA powder." Kyoto University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/157423.
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Sheafi, Emadeddin A. Mansur. "Effects of various test regimes on fatigue behaviour of PMMA bone cement : a comparative study." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6250/.
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Numerous testing regimes have been used in vitro to assess the fatigue behaviour of acrylic bone cements. While some attempts have been made to introduce an optimal protocol that measures the fatigue life of bone cement under similar stress conditions to those exist in vivo, the effects of specific testing variables such as test specimen specification and stress parameters are still questionable. These factors can be important since inconsistency in results have been reported regarding the precise effects of other variables such as the mixing method of cement components and the resultant porosity. For a given series of testing variables; namely, specimen cross sectional shape, surface production method and stress type and level (herein collectively termed testing regime), this study investigates the effect of each variable on both the fatigue life and the fatigue crack propagation properties (fatigue behaviour) of bone cement. Testing was constantly performed in 37˚C saline under stress-controlled conditions at a frequency of 3Hz (2Hz for the CT specimens). All specimens were produced after vacuum mixing of the cement components and soaked in 37˚C saline for 1- 6 weeks. Specimens were manufactured with two cross sectional shapes: rectangular (ISO 527-2) and circular (ASTM F2118), using two production methods: direct moulding or machining. Two different bone cements were used: SmartSet GHV and CMW1. For each specimen type, at least 10 specimens were fatigued to failure at a maximum stress of 20 MPa applying either fully reversed tension-compression (R= –1) or tension-tension (R= 0.1) loading, followed by Weibull analysis. For the fully reversed loading only, at least 5 specimens were tested for each group at other three levels: ±12.5, ±15 and ±30 MPa and the four stresses were compared using S-N curves. Behaviour of fatigue cracks were assessed based on the cyclic stress-strain responses. CT specimens were used to measure the crack growth rates in the two cements. The findings of this study have emphasised the important role of the set of a testing regime variables included in testing and identified the influence of each testing variable on the fatigue behaviour of bone cement. Machining of test specimens and applying high stress levels, in particular, can lead to irrelevant findings when considering the in vivo conditions, depending also on the cement composition. While these “inappropriate” testing variables can be considered as possible reasons for the variations in fatigue results reported in previous work, it is suggested to consider the effects of these variables in future work.
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Hirvinen, Laura J. M. "Influence of bone cements on bone screw interfaces in the third metacarpal and metatarsal bones of horses." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1243434636.
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Barros, Carmem Aparecida Malaguti de. "Estudo comparativo da resistência à compressão do cimento ósseo nacional e do importado, preparados manualmente e a vácuo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/82/82131/tde-08012003-144237/.
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O cimento ósseo, utilizado para a fixação de componentes protéticos nas cirurgias de substituição articular, mais resistente às forças de compressão do que às forças de tração, tem suas propriedades mecânicas alteradas por vários fatores entre esses a formulação comercial e o método de preparação empregado. É o objetivo deste trabalho avaliar comparativamente as propriedades mecânicas à compressão de duas formulações comerciais de cimento ósseo preparadas manualmente e a vácuo, segundo as instruções do fabricante. Um conjunto de moldagem confeccionado em aço inoxidável permitiu preparar 48 corpos de prova para cada grupo experimental, totalizando 192 corpos de prova, que foram testados na Máquina Universal de Ensaios, tendo as especificações baseadas nas normas ISO 5833 e ASTM F451-86. A elaboração do diagrama tensão x deformação de cada grupo experimental analisou as propriedades mecânicas do cimento ósseo quanto ao módulo de elasticidade, tensão e deformação no limite de proporcionalidade, entre grupos de mesma formulação comercial e entre os grupos com mesmo método de mistura. Analisados estatisticamente pelo método de Variança de Kruskal-Wallis (p ≤0,001) e pelo método de Dunn's (p ≤0,05). Quanto ao módulo de elasticidade, o grupo 2M foi o que apresentou maior módulo, 1563 MPa, valor estatisticamente significante (p ≤ 0,05) em relação aos grupos 1M, 1V e 2V. Para a tensão no limite de proporcionalidade os grupos 1M (39,40 MPa) e 2V (39,65 MPa) foram os maiores valores de tensão no limite de proporcionalidade, não havendo diferença estatisticamente significante entre eles, mas essas diferenças foram significativas quando comparadas aos grupos 1V e 2M. A deformação no limite de proporcionalidade de maior valor percentual foi para o grupo 1M, 3,36%, sendo esta diferença estatisticamente significante quando comparado ao grupo 2M. Os testes de resistência à compressão do cimento nacionalizado e importado, preparados manualmente e a vácuo, mostraram não haver diferença importante entre os dois tipos de cimento ósseo, nem entre as duas formas de misturá-los.The bone cement used for the fixation of the prosthetic components in the surgeries of joint replacement, more resistant to the compression than to the traction, has its mechanical properties altered by several factors among those the commercial formulation and preparation employee's method. It is the objective of this work to evaluate the mechanical properties to the compression of the two commercial formulas of bone cement manually prepared and using vacuum, according to the manufacturer's instructions. A molding set was made in stainless steel and it allowed for the preparation of 48 bodies of proof for each experimental group, adding up to 192 proof bodies total which were tested in the Universal Rehearsal Machine, with the specifications based on the ISO 5833 and the ASTM F451-86 regulations. The elaboration of the diagram "tension vs. deformation" of each of the experimental group analyzed the mechanical properties of the bone cement in relation to the elasticity module, tension and deformation on the proportional limit among the groups with the same commercial formula and among the groups with the same mixture method. Analyzed statistically, by Kruskal-Wallis's method of the variation (p ≤0.001) and by the Dunns method (p ≤0.05). Regarding the elasticity, the group 2M was the one with the highest module, 1563 MPa, a statistically significant value (p ≤0.05) in relation to the groups 1M, 1V and 2V to the tension at the limit of the proportionality, there is no significant differences among them, but these differences were relevant when compared to groups 1V and 2M. The deformation at the limit of the proportionality of the highest percentage was to group 1M, 3.36%, being this the relevant statistical difference when compared to group 2M. The resistance tests to the compression of the national and international cement prepared manually and by vacuum show that there is no important difference between the two kind of bone cement, and neither between the two ways of mixing them.
Books on the topic "PMMA cement"
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Kühn, Klaus-Dieter. PMMA Cements. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41536-4.
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Kühn, Klaus-Dieter. PMMA Cements. Springer, 2014.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "PMMA cement"
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Kühn, Klaus-Dieter. "History of PMMA cement." In PMMA Cements, 21–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41536-4_3.
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Kühn, Klaus-Dieter. "Purchase decision for PMMA cement." In PMMA Cements, 15–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41536-4_2.
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Kühn, Klaus-Dieter. "PMMA Cement Composition and Chemistry." In PMMA Cements, 71–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41536-4_6.
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Kühn, Klaus-Dieter. "Properties of PMMA Cement Dough." In PMMA Cements, 93–113. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41536-4_7.
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Kühn, Klaus-Dieter. "Properties of hardened PMMA cement." In PMMA Cements, 115–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41536-4_8.
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Kühn, Klaus-Dieter. "PMMA Cement as a Drug Carrier." In PMMA Cements, 127–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41536-4_9.
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Hashimoto, Masami, Hiroaki Takadama, Mineo Mizuno, Tadashi Kokubo, Koji Goto, and Takashi Nakamura. "Bioactive PMMA-Based Cement Incorporated with Nano-Sized Rutile Particles." In Bioceramics 18, 797–800. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-992-x.797.
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Frommelt, Lars. "Gentamicin Release from PMMA Bone Cement: Mechanism and Action on Bacteria." In Bone Cements and Cementing Technique, 119–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59478-6_10.
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Kühn, Klaus-Dieter. "Introduction and Sco pe." In PMMA Cements, 1–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41536-4_1.
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Kühn, Klaus-Dieter. "Polymerization Residuals of PMMA." In PMMA Cements, 165–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41536-4_10.
Full textConference papers on the topic "PMMA cement"
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Agarwal, A. K., M. Kodigudla, D. Desai, A. D. Jones, B. Lin, V. K. Goel, and B. Schlossber. "Biomedical Evaluation of Polymerized Biodegradable Cement vs. PMMA Cement in Kyphoplasty for Vertebral Compressive Fractures." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14230.
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Kyphoplasty/vertebroplasty procedures traditionally use PMMA to treat the fractured vertebrae due to its mechanical properties. However, with time the bone erodes around the cement due to osteoporosis and inhibited bone remodeling due to the cyotoxicity of PMMA (1). The exothermic reaction of PMMA is also responsible for thermal necrosis and can cause complications in cases of extravasation (1; 2; 3). Lastly, PMMA is not bioactive and will not be reabsorbed (1; 2; 3). Thus, alternative cements with similar mechanical strengths are being explored. Calcium phosphate cements (CaP) have been explored due to their bioactive and non-thermal properties (3; 4). Despite these advantages, there are reservations of traditional CaP cements due to deficiencies in mechanical properties (1; 4). We evaluated new polymerized calcium phosphate (pCaP) cement which is not brittle like traditional CaP cements. Mechanical properties of vertebral bodies augmented with either PMMA or pCaP after fracture were determined.
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Sanchez, M. A., W. Sutton, W. Rizk, and J. Tompkins. "Thermal Curing and Strength of PMMA Bone Cement." In ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47067.
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Many current bone cements have proprietary minor ingredients that affect the chemical kinetics and heat transfer modeling of the exothermic reaction during bone cement polymerization. In addition, the geometry and the method of cooling/curing the bone cement can vary by application. A method for modeling energy generation, based on temperature measurement of various geometries and conditions, expresses the exothermic reaction and the duration with respect to time. Reaction from the bone cement can yield temperatures above 110°C for the air convective cooling boundary condition. Experiments show that by using cold irrigation cooling (saline) with an initial temperature of 1.5°C, the maximum reaction temperature of the PMMA cement approaches 40°C depending upon the thickness of the cement. For bone cement cooled in air and saline at room temperature, the exothermic reaction begins around 400 seconds (8 min) after the compounds are mixed. When cold saline is applied, the time-delay of the reaction is approximately 300 additional seconds compared to the two room temperature cases. Finally, based on compression testing, the structural behavior of the PMMA cement is improved when the material is cured in a slower and wet environment.
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Ikeda, D., M. Saito, K. Kanou, M. Yamano, A. Murakami, K. Kawagoe, T. Shibuya, and T. Nakashima. "LOOSENING OF SIMULATED THR USING PMMA CEMENT AND BIOACTIVE CEMENT." In Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Ceramics in Medicine. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814291064_0129.
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Mann, Kenneth A., Mark A. Miler, Nico Verdonschot, and Alan W. Eberhardt. "Micro-Mechanics of Post-Mortem Retrieved Cement-Bone Interfaces: Influence of Interface Morphology." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206634.
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PMMA bones cements are used routinely to fix implants to bone. The interface between cement and bone is relied on for fixation and it is well recognized that there is a biologic response to the presence of PMMA. Bleeding of the bone bed during the arthroplasty procedure, thermal necrosis from the polymerization process, and bone remodeling has been described as factors affecting the integrity of the cement-bone interface. While substantial efforts have been made to understand the mechanical characteristics of the cement-bone interface from lab-prepared specimens there is actually very little understanding of the mechanics of cement-bone interfaces that have been in service.
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Khandaker, Morshed, Yanling Li, Ping Liu, and Melville B. Vaughan. "Bioactive Additives and Functional Monomers Affect on PMMA Bone Cement: Mechanical and Biocompatibility Properties." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64369.
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The most common bone cement material used clinically today for orthopedic surgeries is poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA). In general, poly Methyl MethAcrylate (PMMA) beads are added to MMA monomer with bead and monomer ratio of 2:1 to prepare the PMMA bone cement. Conventional PMMA bone cement has several mechanical and biological disadvantages. To overcome these disadvantages, researchers investigated several bioactive additives to PMMA bone cement, such as MgO, hydroxyapatite (HAp), chitosan (CS). Additionally, functional monomer, such as glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was used in addition or substitution to MMA to enhance the properties of PMMA bone cement. A comparative study is required to evaluate the effect that different bioadditives and monomers have on the mechanical and biological performances on PMMA bone cement. The goal of this study is to determine the most suitable additives and alternative monomer for PMMA bone cement that can enhance the mechanical and biological performances of PMMA bone cement. Cobalt™ HV bone cement (referred as CBC), a commercial orthopedic bone cement, was used in this study as PMMA bone cement. MgO, hydroxyapatite (HAp), chitin (CT), chitosan (CS), Barium sulfate (BaSO4) and Silica (SiO2) were mixed with PMMA beads to prepare CBC-MgO, CBC-HAp, CBC-CT, CBC-CS, CBC-BaSO4 and CBC-SiO2 specimens. Additives included CBC were referred as composite specimen. CBC and composite specimens were further grouped according to the application of GMA as replacement of MMA monomer. Two groups of CBC and composite specimen were prepared. In the first group, CBC and composite specimens were prepared using MMA monomer only, referred as without GMA specimen. In the second group, CBC and composite specimens were prepared using GMA and MMA monomers, referred as with GMA specimen. There are three general research questions: (1) Is there a significant difference in the mechanical and biological performances between CBC (control) and different composite specimens that contain GMA? (2) Is there a significant difference in the in the mechanical and biological performances between CBC (control) and different composite specimens that do not contain GMA? and (3) Is there a significant difference in the mechanical and biological performances between specimens mixed with and without GMA? Elastic and fracture properties of different CBC and composite cements were calculated from three point bend experiments. Osteoblast cell adhesion experiments were performed on different CBC and composite cement on a custom made well plate. This study found that flexural strength and fracture toughness of the CBC specimens that contain GMA is significantly greater than the flexural strengths of all other specimens that contain GMA. In contrast, flexural strength and fracture toughness of the CBC-SiO2 specimens that do not contain GMA is significantly greater than the flexural strengths of all other specimens that contain GMA. This study also found that cell adhesion on the MgO impregnated CBC specimens is significantly greater than the cell adhesion of all other specimens for samples that contain GMA or do not contain GMA.
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Topoleski, L. D. Timmie. "Mechanical Failure of Artificial Joint Materials: Wear and Fatigue." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2656.
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Abstract Total artificial joint replacements are one of the most effective treatments for arthritis. Artificial joints are used to replace damaged cartilage and act as low-friction articulating materials in joints. During normal human walking, some of the materials used for artificial knee and hip replacements are subjected to both sliding articulation (relative motion) and cyclic loading. A common example is the CoCrMo alloy femoral surface of an artificial knee that articulates against an ultra-high-molecular-weight-polyethylene (UHMWPE) component. Other materials do not experience relative motion (at least not intentionally) and are subjected to only cyclic loading. An example is the poly(methyl methacrylate) or PMMA bone cement used to fix components of artificial joints into bones. In the case of articulating materials, both surfaces are susceptible to wear, from both second-body and third body (in the presence of abrasive particles) mechanisms. Wear of the UHMWPE has received considerable attention recently, since the polymer wear is far more obvious than the metal wear. The Biomaterials field is developing an understanding of the wear mechanisms and how to enhance the wear resistance of UHMWPE. The wear of the metal components has not received as much attention, yet materials wear as a couple; both surfaces play a role in the overall wear. In the UMBC Laboratory for Implantable Materials, we are investigating the mechanisms of CoCrMo alloy wear, and the effect of worn metal components on the wear of UHMWPE. Understanding the wear mechanisms of metal components may help to extend the life of artificial joints by allowing new articulating material combinations and joint designs. For non-articulating materials, fatigue failure is a primary concern. Fatigue of metal components is relatively rare. In the distal portion of an artificial hip, the metal hip stem is fixed into the bone by a layer of PMMA bone cement. The PMMA bone cement is far weaker and less resistant to fracture and fatigue than either the bone or the metal, and thus may be considered the mechanical “weak link” in cemented total joints. We are investigating the fatigue properties of PMMA bone cements, and studying the mechanisms of fatigue crack initiation. If we can determine how fatigue cracks start in bone cement, we may be able to develop, for example, new surgical procedures (e.g., bone preparation) that will reduce the likelihood of fatigue failure. New formulations of bone cement have been developed for both joint fixation, and also for bone repair or replacement. Understanding the failure mechanisms of bone cements may enable safe and effective new uses for new bone cements, and extend the lives of cemented artificial joints.
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Motalab, Mohammad Abdul, M. S. Parvej, K. M. Zaman Kallol, and M. Khandaker. "Effect of Curing Time on the Mechanical Properties of a High Viscous PMMA Cement." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70933.
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It has been found from our previous studies that the time of curing of high viscous polymethylmethacrylate (HV-PMMA) cement influences the shear strength of titanium (Ti) implant/ HV-PMMA cement samples during pull out static tests, although the reason for the influence is not understood yet. This study hypothesizes that time of curing of cement influences the strength and hardness of the cement adjacent to the implant, which resulted in the variability of the shear strength between Ti and cement. To test this hypothesis, this study conducted ASTM standard three point bend (3PB) test on a HV-PMMA cement to measure the flexural strength of HV-PMMA cement that was cured for 10 and 60 minutes. In addition, this study conducted pull out tension tests on Ti/ HV-PMMA cement to measure the shear strength between Ti and HV-PMMA cement that was cured for 10 and 60 minutes. The hardness of the HV-PMMA cement at the adjacent to Ti was measured using a Rockwell R hardness test scale. Two groups of samples were produced for each type of experiments by varying the curing times: 10 and 60 minutes. The cement during the liquid phase poured into a custom made mold to create the 3PB cylindrical samples. For the pull out tension tests on Ti/cement samples, the Ti implant was fastened at the top gripper and a custom made holder that has a hole was fastened at the bottom gripper of universal mechanical test system. Cement was poured in to the gap between implant and holder. The cement was cured for an hour. This study found that the curing time significantly increases the values of bending, shear and hardness properties (p<0.05). The study concludes that the variability of the shear strength between Ti and cement depends on the strength and hardness of the cement adjacent to the implant.
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Nun˜o, Natalia, and Dominic Plamondon. "Measurements of the Residual Stresses Due to Cement Polymerization for Cemented Hip Implants." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43979.
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In cemented hip implant, the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) also called bone cement is used as grouting material between the implant and the bone. During the operation, the bone cement still in a liquid form is inserted between the femoral component and the bone. During polymerisation of the cement, residual stresses are generated in the bulk cement. The process of cement curing is a complex solidification phenomenon where transient stresses are generated and the residual stresses vary with different boundary conditions during curing (Ahmed et al., 1982). In particular, normal stresses are generated at the implant-PMMA interface resulting in a press-fit problem. The cement does not have a chemical bond with the stem nor the bone, however it fills completely the space between the two and serves to distribute the load being transferred from the stem to the bone. An experiment has been devised to measure directly the residual stresses of the bone cement to reproduce the in-vivo behaviour of the prosthesis. An idealized prosthesis (19-mm diameter) is used. A subminiature load cell (9.5-mm diameter) is inserted inside the stem to measure directly the radial residual stresses of the PMMA on the stem. Bone cement polymerizes between the stem and the synthetic bone (40-mm outside diameter). The tests are conducted at body temperature of 37°C.
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Li, Yanling, Shahram Riahinezhad, and M. Khandaker. "Effect of Fiber Architecture on the Fracture Strength of Implant/Bio-Material Interfaces." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53686.
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Titanium (Ti) and Ti-based alloys are widely used as implants for hard tissue repair. However, the optimal surface properties for ideal integration of Ti implant with native tissues have not yet been achieved. The goal of this study was to improve the bio-mechanical performances of titanium (Ti) implant by implant surface modification such as coating fiber on the implant surface. It is hypothesized that deposition of fiber with certain architecture can increase mechanical interlock of Ti surface which leads to the increment of in vitro bonding of Ti/cement interfaces. The research objectives were to (1) test the fracture strength of Ti-cement with one round, two rounds and five rounds of PCL fiber under static load to determine the topology effect of electrospun fiber material on the Ti/PMMA cement interface; (2) test the fracture strength of Ti-cement with PCL fiber and PCL-PMMA fiber, with and without heating up Ti before fiber under static load to determine the topography effect of electrospun fiber material on the Ti/PMMA cement interface. PCL and PCL-PMMA fibers coated on the Ti surfaces were produced by electrospinning technique using PCL-acetone fiber solution and PCL-PMMA-acetone solution respectively. Under static conditions, Ti/PMMA union specimen with and without fiber were tested to determine the fracture strength. The result showed one round of PCL fiber has higher fracture strength than two rounds and five rounds of fiber, which suggested that more fibers on the surface were not benefit to the fracture strength of Ti-cement interface. With PMMA added into the polymer fiber solution, the fracture strength of Ti-fiber-cement increased. Heating up the Ti implant to 50°C before coating PCL fiber can help the PCL fiber become stickier to the Ti implant which leads to the increasing of the fracture strength of Ti-cement interface. However, for PCL-PMMA fiber, heating up Ti implant before fiber doesn’t help improve the quality of Ti-cement interface as PCL fiber.
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Khandaker, M. P. H., Yanling Li, and Stefano Tarantini. "Interfacial Fracture Strength Measurement of Tissue-Biomaterial Systems." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-65038.
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The interfacial mechanics at the bone-implant interface is a critical issue for implant fixation and the filling of bone defects created by tumors and/or their excision. The present study is based on the hypothesis that the differences of the surface roughness at bone/ implant interface due to incorporation of micro and nano nanoparticle additives may have significant influence on the quality of bone/implant union. This research studied poly Methyl MethAcrylate (PMMA) bone cement with and without MgO additives as different implant materials. The aims of this research were to determine the influences of a magnesium oxide (MgO) additive particle size to PMMA bone cement on the bonding strength between bone and bone cement specimens. The scope of work for this study were: (1) to quantify elastic properties (Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio) of bone cement specimens, (2) to determine whether inclusion of MgO particles with PMMA has any influence on the interface strength between bone and PMMA, and (3) to quantify the effect of surface roughness on the interface fracture strength between bone and PMMA. This study found that the mean interface strength for bone-PMMA is significantly less than the mean interface strengths of bone-PMMA with microsize MgO particles and bone-PMMA with nanosize MgO particles.