Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'PMI innovativa'
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Percoco, Giuseppe. "Il contributo del diritto societario allo sviluppo tecnologico: le società innovative." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/205885.
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Le problematiche giuridiche per le imprese innovative costituite in forma di società a responsabilità limitata. La costituzione “elettronica” della S.r.l. start-up innovativa: analisi di disciplina e prospettive eurounitarie per una riforma organica del procedimento costitutivo. Un fattore di discontinuità: le quote standardizzate di S.r.l. PMI e la raccolta di capitali tramite portali on-line. Gli interventi per la prevenzione e la gestione della crisi della start-up innovativa: il fresh start nel D.L 179 e nel codice della crisi d’impresa. Una chiave di lettura innovativa dei provvedimenti normativi e un nuovo stadio evolutivo della S.r.l.. Distribuzione delle imprese italiane per forma giuridica. Distribuzione delle start-up innovative in Italia. Quadro riepilogativo delle previsioni in favore di start-up innovative, PMI innovative PMI A.r.l.
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Cibien, Elisa <1989>. "Elaborato Finale: Il Crowdfunding: una nuova frontiera nel mondo della finanza. Analisi del fenomeno e del mercato italiano. Il Crowdfunding per la PMI innovativa locale: un progetto di riqualificazione energetica immobiliare tramite raccolta di Equity Crowdfunding." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9875.
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In questo elaborato verrà analizzato il contesto in cui il fenomeno del Crowdfunding è nato e si è evoluto, con particolare riferimento agli eventi e alle innovazioni storiche, culturali ed economico-finanziare che hanno influenzato la sua definizione e le sue caratteristiche principali: nello specifico, il Web 2.0, la Alternative Online Finance e la Sharing Economy.
Verranno descritti i vari modelli di Crowdfunding declinati in base allo scopo e al funzionamento della raccolta fondi nel finanziare specifici progetti. Una particolare attenzione verrà dedicata al modello detto Equity Crowdfunding, soprattutto dal punto di vista della legislazione, della quale l’Italia è stata il paese precursore in Europa. Si cercherà di offrire anche un quadro del panorama italiano di sviluppo delle piattaforme che si occupano di promuovere l’utilizzo di questo strumento.
Nell’ultimo capitolo verrà riportata la presentazione di un progetto pilota proposto da una PMI locale: si tratta di un progetto di raccolta fondi di tipo equity attraverso lo strumento del Crowdfunding destinata alla riqualificazione energetica di immobili residenziali in disuso.
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Caon, Giulia <1993>. "Agevolazioni fiscali per start-up e PMI innovative." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/10716.
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Il D.L. 179/2012 introduce nell'ordinamento italiano la definizione di start-up innovativa, predisponendo un quadro di riferimento articolato ed organico che interviene su materie differenti quali le agevolazioni fiscali, la disciplina societaria, il mercato del lavoro e il diritto fallimentare. Una posizione di preminenza è ricoperta dalle disposizioni di carattere tributario, finalizzate a supportare lo sviluppo imprenditoriale delle idee innovative, proponendo un articolato e strutturato meccanismo di incentivi rivolti a i dipendenti, investitori-soci, collaboratori e consulenti. L’obiettivo è favorire la crescita sostenibile, lo sviluppo tecnologico, la nuova imprenditorialità e l’occupazione in particolare giovanile, il tutto volendo contestualmente contribuire alla creazione di un contesto maggiormente favorevole all'innovazione al fine di promuovere maggiore mobilità sociale e attrarre in Italia talenti, imprese innovative e capitali dall'estero. Con il tempo il Legislatore ha apportato dei ritocchi talvolta abrogativi, talaltra modificativi per perfezionare la disciplina a supporto della crescita: modifiche sono state apportate con il D.L. 76/2013 il cosiddetto “Decreto Lavoro” e successivamente con il D.L. 3/2015 “Decreto Investment Compact” il quale ha introdotto la figura delle piccole e medie imprese innovative. Infine con la Legge 232/2016, la cosiddetta Legge di Stabilità 2017, sono state apportate le ultime modifiche in materia di crescita e sono state prorogate le agevolazioni del D.L. 179/2012.
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Roulet, Nicolas. "Modélisation du processus d'innovation technologique en PME-PMI : application à la conception d'une nouvelle technologie de fabrication basée sur la technique laser." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002065.
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Aujourd'hui face à une concurrence internationale de plus en plus vive, les petites et moyennes entreprises françaises se doivent d'optimiser leur triptyque "Coût/Qualité/Délais" en développant de nouvelles technologies de fabrication. Il est vrai que pour répondre à des marchés de plus en plus complexes et à une compétitivité de plus en plus intense, l'innovation technologique devient un critère stratégique pour une grande majorité des sociétés françaises. Cependant innover technologiquement n'est pas quelque chose de simple ni d'innée. C'est un processus qui fait appel à la pluridisciplinarité et plus particulièrement à la réunion de diverses compétences techniques complémentaires. Ceci incite les sociétés à innover en partenariat avec des centres de recherche et des sociétés expertes. Mais pour assurer la pérennité de leur entreprise et de leur futur processus de fabrication, les industriels se doivent d'être capable de maîtriser leurs innovations au terme de leur "co-développement". Face à ces situations qui ne facilitent pas la réussite d'une innovation technologique, nous avançons deux hypothèses: la conception d'une démarche de collaboration dès les phases amont du projet innovant et la réalisation d'un saut technologique par la définition d'un seuil minimum de connaissances techniques à maîtriser. Nous avons expérimenté ces propositions dans le cadre d'un projet de conception d'un procédé de rechargement laser de cylindres de découpe. Le résultat de cette recherche nous a permis de proposer un modèle de processus d'innovation technologique pouvant servir de support aux responsables de projet en PME.
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Seoh, Seungwon 1975. "Innovative application of PFI to Korea." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47920.
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Pierre, Antoine. "L'évaluation de la capacité d'innovation des PME : une perspective par les spécificités des PME." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTD041.
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La thèse traite de l’évaluation de la capacité d’innovation des petites et moyennes entreprises, quand elles intègrent l’innovation dans leur volonté de croissance. L’objectif est de comprendre les facteurs pouvant expliquer le lien positif entre l’innovation et la performance pour les PME. Ce lien complexe repose sur une multitude de facteurs, relatifs à la production et la valorisation de l’innovation. Nous avons focalisé notre attention sur l’analyse du management de l’innovation au travers de l’évaluation de la capacité d’innovation des PME.Il s’agit de comprendre en quoi le management de l’innovation, au travers de l’évaluation, peut favoriser la performance d’innovation en PME et, par conséquent, la performance des PME. Pour traiter ces questions, nous explorons, théoriquement et empiriquement, les facteurs constitutifs de la capacité d’innovation des PME, permettant d’expliquer la performance d’innovation des PME. L’exploration tient compte du champ de la PME, conformément aux recommandations liées à la contextualisation de l’innovation. L’influence du champ PME sur l’analyse de la capacité d’innovation et son évaluation est étudiée.Les résultats de la thèse apportent plusieurs éléments nouveaux de connaissance. Nous proposons, d’abord, une définition conceptuelle et opérationnelle de la capacité d’innovation des PME. Elle est construite autour de dimension statique et dynamique de la capacité d’innovation des PME. Cette définition améliore la compréhension des mécanismes facilitant la production et la valorisation de l’innovation au sein des PME.Les résultats éclairent, ensuite, le lien direct existant entre plusieurs dimensions de la capacité d’innovation des PME et la performance d’innovation des PME. Nous participons au débat sur l’intérêt du management de l’innovation pour les PME. Nous montrons que l’évaluation de l’activité d’innovation peut être réalisée autour de plusieurs dimensions de la capacité d’innovation. Ces dimensions de la capacité d’innovation ont un impact, positif ou négatif, sur la performance d’innovation des PME. L’impact est directement lié à la capacité des PME à gérer et mobiliser efficacement ces dimensions de la capacité d’innovation en fonction de son contexte propre. Il est, aussi, lié à la capacité de la PME à assurer le dynamisme de sa capacité d’innovation. Le dynamisme est assuré face aux évolutions de la PME elle-même et de son environnement pour assurer le maintien de la capacité d’innovation de la PME. Le management de l’innovation et l’évaluation de la capacité d’innovation des PME sont, donc, bénéfiques pour les PME. Ils permettent aux PME d’optimiser leur processus d’innovation et d’assurer leur évolution. Nous prolongeons, ainsi, les travaux sur le management de l’innovation et sur le management de l’innovation en PME.La thèse propose, enfin, une analyse du champ PME, de son influence sur la capacité d’innovation et de son évaluation. Nous concluons sur l’effet des spécificités des PME sur l’activité d’innovation, sur la construction de la capacité d’innovation et son évaluation. L’effet des spécificités des PME influence les dimensions de la capacité d’innovation et la performance d’innovation. Cependant, l’analyse de l’effet positif ou négatif des spécificités des PME sur l’innovation doit être nuancée. Les spécificités des PME et leur influence sur la capacité d’innovation dépendent du contexte particulier de l’entreprise et de son activité d’innovation. Le cas Alpha mobilisé illustre ce résultat. Des facteurs déterminants sa capacité d’innovation se sont transformés en véritables freins à l’innovation. Par conséquent, l’approche par la contingence est recommandée pour l’analyse de l’innovation en PME. Nous retenons particulièrement l’effet de la croissance de la PME et, donc, de son évolution propre, pour analyser et évaluer la capacité d’innovation de la PMEThe thesis deals with the assessment of SMEs innovation capacity, when they integrate innovation in their desire for growth. The objective is to understand the factors that can explain the positive link between SMEs innovation and performance. This complex relationship is based on multiple factors relating to the production and valorization of innovation. We focused our attention on innovation management SMEs innovation capacity assessmen.The aim is to understand how innovation management, through evaluation, can foster SMEs innovation performance and, consequently, SMEs performance. To address these issues, we explore, both theoretically and empirically, the factors that make up the SMEs innovation capacity to explain SMEs innovation performance. Exploration takes into account SMEs spécificities, in line with literature. We focus ont the influence of SMEs specificities on innovation capacity and its assessment.The thesis results rovide several new elements of knowledge. First, we propose a conceptual and operational definition of SMEs innovation capacity. It is built around the static and dynamic dimension of the innovation capacity. This definition improves the understanding of mechanisms facilitating the production and valorization of innovation within SMEs.The results then higlights the link between certain SMS innovation capacity dimensions and SMEs innovation performance. We participate to the debate discussing the interest of innovation management for SMEs. We show that the innovation activity can be carried out around several dimensions of innovation capacity. These dimensions of innovation capacity have a positive or negative impact,on SMEs innovation performance. The impact is directly related to the ability of SMEs to effectively manage and mobilize these dimensions of innovation capacity according to their own context. It is also linked to the SME's capacity to ensure the dynamism of its innovation capacity. The dynamism is assured regarding the evolutions of the SME itself and its environment to ensure the maintenance of SMEs innovation capacity. The management of innovation and the evaluation of the innovation capacity of SMEs are, therefore, beneficial for SMEs. They enable SMEs to optimize their innovation process and ensure their evolution. We extend the work on innovation management and innovation management in SMEs.The thesis proposes, finally, an analysis of SMEs specificities. SMEs specificities have an influence on innovation capcity and innovation performance. However, the analysis of the positive or negative effect of SMEs specificities on innovation needs to be nuanced. SMEs specificities and their influence on innovation capacity depend on the particular context of the company. The unique case mobilized illustrates this result. Therefore, the contingency approach is recommended for the analysis of innovation in SMEs
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Pantano, Giulio. "La relazione tra PMI e università negli Open Innovation Ecosystems: il caso SUGAR." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19810/.
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Introdotto nel 2004, il paradigma dell’Open Innovation incomincia a permeare le pratiche aziendali di tutto il mondo ribaltando il concetto di collaborazione, dove adesso viene concepita come centrale una strategia di strutturazione di un ecosistema interdipendente. In questo lavoro di tesi si fornisce un’analisi della letteratura allargata in riferimento a due attori in particolare del sistema, ovvero le PMI e le università, di cui si identifi-ca una relazione in termini di strategie di Open Innovation. Le prime, di-fatti, risultano avere agilità nelle logiche di collaborazione, ma non di-spongono di una consulenza all’innovazione strutturata; le seconde, inve-ce, hanno una capacità significativa di trasferimento tecnologico e impatto sul territorio, ma sistemi di incentivi per i ricercatori disallineati. All’interno degli Open Innovation Ecosystems, l’obiettivo della tesi è dimostrare in via qualitativa il potenziale della relazione tra PMI e univer-sità, che si sostanzia in programmi quali ad esempio SUGAR.
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RODRIGUES-PEREIRA, PAULO R. "Innovation technologique, pme et role de l'etat." Paris, CNAM, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CNAM0131.
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Nous etudions le role des politiques publiques d'innovation technologique en faveur des petites et moyennes entreprises industrielles (pme), dans le 5eme cycle de kondratiev. Les nouveaux materiaux constituent une des technologies-cles de ce nouveau cycle: nous en analysons l'utilisation comme vecteurs d'innovation dans le pme, et nous tirons quelques lecons du point de vue des politiques d'innovation technologique mises en uvre par les gouvernements. Les politiques d'innovation actuelles en faveur des pme aux etats-unis et en republique federale d'allemagne sont presentees et discutees; les resultats de trois enquetes recentes visant a identifier les obstacles que rencontrent les pme pour utiliser les nouvelles technologiques des materiaux sont ensuite confrontes aux principaux instruments d'intervention gouvernementale utilises dans ces pays. Nous soulignons l'importance de la collaboration inter-entreprises et du dialogue recherche-entreprise, et nous concluons pour proposer une meilleure formulation des programmes de recherche-developpement en collaboration, une revision des reglementations concernant les nouveaux materiaux, et l'adoption d'une politique de commandes publiques menee resolument en faveur des petites et moyennes entreprises
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Masiero, Roberto <1990>. "Le PMI innovative secondo la normativa italiana. Confronto con l'evoluzione della dottrina in tema di innovazione." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/8136.
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L’importanza delle PMI è particolarmente significativa in alcuni stati membri, tra cui figura senza dubbio l’Italia. Le difficoltà presenti oggi nel mondo dell'impresa, fanno pensare che l'unica soluzione possibile sia quella di ristrutturare e tagliare i costi, ma questa potrebbe rappresentare soltanto una condizione necessaria ma non sufficiente per l'uscita dallo stato di crisi dell'azienda. L'imprenditore e ancor di più l’imprenditore di una PMI deve sapersi mettere in discussione, deve riuscire a cogliere le tante sollecitazioni che giungono dall’esterno o dall’interno dell’impresa per rispondervi in modo nuovo, cercando così di cambiare e, quindi, di innovare. Ma quando parliamo di innovazione? Nel primo capitolo partiremo dall’evoluzione del concetto di innovazione derivante dal lavoro di autorevoli studiosi di economia. Successivamente analizzeremo le politiche a sostegno dell’innovazione a livello comunitario, attraverso l’ultimo e ambizioso programma quadro Horizon 2020 con la consapevolezza che tali politiche devono uniformarsi ai reali bisogni sia delle grandi sia delle piccole e medie imprese. Nel terzo capitolo con l’aiuto di importanti studi statistici cercheremo di capire l’origine e come si misura tale spinta innovativa in Europa, facendo anche una comparazione tra i dati italiani e quelli degli altri Stati membri . In seguito però, all’introduzione della normativa sulle PMI innovative, è giunta l’ora, alla luce anche dei dati raccolti dagli studi analizzati, di confrontare essa con il possibile scenario innovativo verso il quale oggi, una piccola e media realtà debba orientarsi; nello specifico se la legge sia completa, coerente e adatta alla realtà operativa aziendale dei prossimi anni. Quindi nel quarto capitolo studieremo la norma introdotta dal Governo nel definire la nuova figura di PMI I. Nel quinto capitolo cercheremo di capire come effettivamente operano le PMI italiane quando si parla d’innovazione e saranno approfonditi temi riguardanti l'open innovation e la gestione della conoscenza ritenuti tra le leve su cui spingere affinché una PMI intraprenda la miglior strada verso il cambiamento e il successo. Concluderemo il lavoro argomentando l'efficacia del testo normativo rispetto allo scenario in cui si trovano realmente le PMI e quali aspetti esso riesca a cogliere e quali no, alla luce di quanto detto rispetto a un complesso concetto quale è l’innovazione.
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Nunes, Florbela da Conceição Mantinhas. "Criatividade e inovação em contexto empresarial - Estudo da relação entre as atitudes criativas e as práticas inovadoras em microempresas e PME." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/15019.
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Apesar de a literatura evidenciar a urgência da criatividade e da inovação nas empresas,
não se encontraram pesquisas que analisem, especificamente, a relação entre as atitudes
criativas e as práticas inovadoras. Assim, o presente trabalho de investigação pretendeu
dar resposta a uma questão central: que relação existe entre as atitudes criativas dos
empresários e as suas práticas empresariais inovadoras?
Tendo como objetivo estabelecer uma relação entre essas variáveis no contexto das
Microempresas e PME sedeadas em Portugal Continental, foi inquirida uma amostra
constituída por 274 empresários, através de um inventário de práticas empresariais
inovadoras e uma escala de autoperceção de atitudes criativas, construídos para o efeito.
O tratamento dos dados recolhidos assentou na análise estatística, com recurso ao
programa informático PASW Statistics e dividiu-se em duas fases: a análise das
características métricas dos instrumentos e o estudo das hipóteses.
A avaliação das características métricas dos instrumentos de recolha dos dados começou
com um estudo piloto, que permitiu avaliar a sua sensibilidade, fidelidade e validade e
confirmou-se num estudo principal, cujos resultados apontam para instrumentos com a
robustez necessária, medindo os construtos para os quais foram desenvolvidos. Para o
efeito recorreu-se à estatística descritiva, à análise de componentes principais para
dados categóricos e à análise fatorial exploratória, com recurso à análise de
componentes principais.
Da operacionalização da questão de investigação definiram-se as hipóteses, para cujo
teste se recorreu ao estudo de correlação, à análise de variância e à análise do valor
preditivo das variáveis. Os resultados estabelecem uma relação entre as variáveis e
confirma-se parcialmente a hipótese de trabalho, apontando a influência das atitudes
criativas sobre as práticas empresariais inovadoras; ABSTRACT: Although literature highlights the urgency of creativity and innovation in enterprises, no
studies were found that specifically examine the relationship between creativity
attitudes and innovative practices. So, this research intended to address a central
question: what kind of relationship exists between creative attitudes of entrepreneurs
and their innovative business practices?
Facing the objective of establishing the relationship between attitudes towards creativity
and innovative business practices in the context of Micro and SMEs, based in mainland
Portugal, a sample of 274 entrepreneurs has been inquired through an inventory of
innovative business practices and a scale of self-rated creative attitudes, both built from
scratch.
Using computer program PASW Statistics, the data collected was treated through
statistical analysis, divided in two phases: the analysis of metric characteristics of the
instruments and the study of hypotheses.
The evaluation of the metric characteristics of the instruments of data collection began
with a pilot study to assess their sensitivity, reliability and validity and was confirmed in
the main study, where results showed the instruments robustness, by measuring the
constructs for which the instruments have been developed. For this purpose we used
descriptive statistics, principal components analysis for categorical data and exploratory
factor analysis, again using the principal component analysis.
Through the operationalization of the research question, hypotheses were defined, and
tested with study correlation, analysis of variance and analysis of the predictive value of
variables. The results point to a relationship between the variables partially confirming
the research hypothesis, showing the influence of attitudes towards creativity in
innovative business practices.
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Saïbi, Mohand Amokrane. "Concilier les innovations d'exploitation et d'exploration au sein de la PME : étude de l’ambidextrie organisationnelle dans 7 PME innovantes en Bretagne." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1G030.
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Cette recherche contribue à identifier les principaux déterminants de l’ambidextrie dans le contexte de la PME; à proposer un modèle conceptuel qui témoigne des connaissances actuelles sur cet objet d’étude et à permettre une meilleure compréhension des facteurs organisationnels et managériaux favorisant la combinaison des innovations d’exploitation et d’exploration au sein des PME.Il sera donc question du concept d’ambidextrie organisationnelle et sa teneur à part dans le cadre des PME, du rôle central de l’entrepreneur ambidextre en tant que source et facilitateur de l’ambidextrie, de l’impact de la spécificité de ce type de structure sur les formes d’ambidextrie adoptées ainsi que de l’importance du réseau externe pour assurer la poursuite simultanée des innovations d’exploitation et d’exploration. L’apport de cette recherche est de permettre, à travers l’étude approfondie de sept cas de PME innovantes en Bretagne, d’intégrer les spécificités de la PME dans la conciliation de la double exigence d’innovation et de montrer que cette ambidextrie organisationnelle est envisageable pour une PME innovante malgré la contrainte de ressources spécifiques à ces organisationsThis research contributes to identify the main determiners of the ambidextrous in the context of the SME (SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISE); to propose an abstract model which shows current knowledge on this object of study and to allow a better understanding of the organizational and management factors(mailmen) favoring the combination(overall) of the innovations of exploitation(operation) and exploration within SME(small and medium-sized enterprise). It will thus be question of the concept of organizational ambidextrous and its content to share(unit) within the framework of SME(SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISE), of the central role of the ambidextrous entrepreneur as source(spring) and facilitator of the ambidextrous, the impact of the specificity of this type of structure on the forms(shapes) of ambidextrous adopted as well as the importance of the external network to assure(insure) the simultaneous pursuit(continuation) of the innovations of exploitation(operation) and of exploration. The contribution of this search(research) is to allow, through the innovative in-depth study of seven cases of SME(SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISE) in Brittany, to integrate(join) the specificities of the SME(SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISE) into the conciliation of the double requirement of innovation and to show that this organizational ambidextrous is possible for an innovative SME(SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISE) in spite of the constraint of resources specific to these organizations
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Pinget, Amandine. "Spécificités des déterminants des innovations environnementales : une approche appliquée aux PME." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAA023/document.
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Actuellement, comprendre comment les entreprises innovent avec un impact environnemental positif dans l’optique d’un développement plus durable est une problématique essentielle pour les entreprises et la société. Néanmoins,l’innovation environnementale reste insuffisamment appréhendée. L’objectif de cette thèse est de mettre en évidence les spécificités des innovations environnementales pour les PME au regard des déterminants et des barrières perçues.Le cadre théorique adopté est celui de l’hypothèse de Porter, pour examiner l’effet de la réglementation. Il a été enrichi par les approches RBV et KBV pour une meilleure prise en compte des capacités et ressources des PME dans leur adoption d’innovations environnementales.Cette recherche est basée sur trois articles empiriques et une démarche quantitative qui mobilise différentes méthodes économétriques.Trois contributions majeures sont issues de cette thèse : (1) Les PME innovantes en matière environnementale perçoivent plus de barrières, de manière plus intense et en plus grand nombre par rapport aux autres PME innovantes ou non-innovantes; (2) Les PME innovantes environnementalement font appel à plus de sources de connaissances externes vis-à-vis des autres PME; (3) Les PME peuvent adopter des innovations environnementales de manière proactive, comme les grandes entreprises, elles possèdent certaines capacités.Ces résultats sont à l’origine de recommandations en matière de politiques publiques et managériales qui visent à une plus grande diffusion des innovations environnementales pour les PMEUnderstanding how companies innovate for positive environment impact and sustainable development is a crucial issue for business and society today. Yet,little is currently known about this particular kind of innovation. The objective of this thesis is to shed light on the specificities of environmental innovation for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in terms of determinants and perceived barriers.The theoretical framework is based on the Porter’s Hypothesis in order to examine the effect of regulation. It is enriched by the RBV and KBV approaches to better take into account SMEs’ capabilities and resources in the adoption of environmental innovation.This research is based on three empirical articles and on a quantitative approach which mobilizes several econometric methods.This thesis contributes to three key findings: (1) Environmentally innovative SMEs perceive more barriers, in more intense and numerous ways, compared to others innovative or non-innovative SMEs; (2) Environmentally innovative SMEs utilize more external knowledge sources than other SMEs; (3) SMEs, like large firms, can adopt environmental innovations proactively because they possess certain capacities.These results lead to public policy and managerial recommendations for more widespread and more effective environmental innovation in SMEs
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Halawani, Nour. "Innovative materials for packaging." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI010/document.
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Ce travail porte sur l'étude du mélange thermodurcissable - thermoplastique (époxyamine / polyetherimide avec séparation de phase) pour évaluer les performances électriques et thermiques. Ces matériaux seraient des nouveaux candidats pour remplacer la couche d'encapsulation dans les semi-conducteurs, par exemple ceux utilisés comme interrupteur dans les applications électroniques de puissance. Les mélanges de polymères seraient un nouveau candidat en tant qu'isolant pour le système. La matrice epoxy-amine seul et les melanges epoxy / Polyetherimide on été caractérisés par microscopie électronique à transmission, microscopie électronique à balayage, Calorimétrie différentielle à balayage, analyse thermogravimétrique, analyse mécanique dynamique, analyse diélectrique avec simulation analytique et des mesures de conductivité électrique et de tension de claquage ont également été entreprises. Ces techniques complémentaires ont d'abord été utilisées pour étudier la séparation de phases et ensuite pour quantifier la taille des nodules de thermoplastiques dans la matrice thermodurcissable. Cette séparation de phase a été examiné et a montré une diminution des valeurs diélectriques de 15% et une augmentation de la tension de claquage par rapport au système époxy-amine purThis work deals with the study of thermoset-thermoplastic blend (epoxy-amine/poly-etherimide phase separated) to assess the electrical and thermal performances. These materials would be new candidates to replace the encapsulation layer in semiconductors, for example ones used as switches in power electronic applications. Polymers blends would be a novel candidate as an insulator for the system. Pure epoxy system as well as Epoxy/Polyetherimide blends where characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, dielectric analysis with analytical simulation, electrical conductivity and breakdown voltage measurements. These complementary techniques were used first to investigate the presence of the phase separation phenomenon and secondly to quantify the separated nodules size. The effect of this phase separation was examined and showed a decrease in the dielectric values of 15 % and an increase in the breakdown voltage compared to the pure epoxy system. It was finally simulated to show a close assumption of what is found experimentally
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Badi, S. M. "Sustainable energy innovation (SEI) within private finance initiative (PFI) projects." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1344175/.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the capacity of the Private Finance Initiative (PFI) project delivery model to support the implementation of Sustainable Energy Innovation (SEI) within the context of the UK government’s Building Schools for the Future (BSF) programme. The study attends to a significant gap in knowledge as there is a lack of conceptual and empirical work on managing innovative processes for sustainable energy in PFI projects. Adopting Complex Product Systems (CoPS) Innovation Management Theory, the BSF PFI project is conceptualised as a CoPS supply network where success in innovation largely depends on the interactive relationships among multiple project participants (Hobday, 1998, 2000; Hobday et al., 2000; Gann and Salter, 2000). A conceptual framework is developed based on three determinants of CoPS innovation, particularly: (1) clarity of the requirement, (2) communication and collaboration and (3) contractual incentives. Taking such a system‐oriented perspective is considered important for SEI due to the increasing levels of functional dependency and component complexity associated with environmental innovations. Thus, effective interaction among producers, clients and users is seen to be critical for their successful development (Rohracher, 2001; Intrachooto and Horayangkura, 2007). Following a four‐case qualitative research methodology, the empirical findings point to the significance of the three determinants of CoPS innovation in shaping the environment in which private sector producers operate and innovate in BSF PFI projects. However, while the qualitative nature of the chosen research methodology limits the ability to generalise, the case study findings provide empirical evidence to the limited capacity of the PFI delivery model to support SEI based on the key determinants postulated in CoPS Innovation Management Theory. The research establishes that the capacity of the BSF PFI project delivery model to support SEI is weakened by: the limited clarity of the sustainable energy requirement particularly in relation to its specificity and achievability; ineffective multidisciplinary communication and collaboration within the integrated ProjectCo due to restricting internal contractual relationships and the misalignment of Design‐ Construction‐Operation sustainability objectives; and ineffective Client/User‐Producer communication and collaboration brought in by the restricted nature of BSF engagement processes as well as the misalignment of Client/User‐Producer sustainability objectives. Contractual incentives were found to support SEI, albeit by fear of financial penalties through risk allocation, rather than pursuit of reward for innovation. The study concluded that the BSF PFI project delivery model, as a procurement policy, may not adequately appreciate the system dynamics needed for successful SEI. Indeed, the study underlined a number of problematic issues, or ‘hotspots’ (Hansen and Rush, 1998; Hobday and Rush, 1999), weakening the key determinants of CoPS innovation success in BSF PFI projects. Recommendations were developed to rectify the identified problematic issues. Future research directions were also suggested.
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Gaiba, Vanessa. "FINANZIAMENTO DELL’INNOVAZIONE Elaborazione di un modello per l’identificazione degli strumenti più adatti per startup e PMI, presso Bluegreen strategy srl." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
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Lo scopo di questa tesi è quello di dare un contributo alle tematiche relative al finanziamento dell’innovazione, ed in particolare alla conoscenza e caratterizzazione del panorama italiano dell’innovazione. Si ritiene che i risultati raggiunti possano offrire utili indicazioni agli imprenditori che si trovano ad affrontare il problema del finanziamento di una Startup innovativa. Il lavoro di tesi è stato condotto all’interno di un’esperienza di tirocinio presso la società Bluegreen Strategy. Per questo, è stato realizzato coerentemente con gli obiettivi posti dall’azienda per il progetto di tesi: fornire uno strumento a supporto dell’identificazione della fonte e dell’operatore finanziario più adeguato a ciascuna startup innovativa. Al fine di sviluppare un’adeguata comprensione delle caratteristiche dell’offerta di capitale che si rende disponibile in Italia, all’interno di questa tesi vengono presentati i risultati della campagna di raccolta dati che è stata realizzata in riferimento ai diversi attori attivi nel finanziamento delle startup innovative. La raccolta dati è stata condotta per profilare ogni strumento di finanziamento sulla base di quattro variabili ritenute più significative al fine di perimetrarne l’area di intervento:range di finanziamento offerto, livello di innovazione richiesto, acquisizione di quote societarie e stadio del ciclo di vita d’intervento. Elaborando i dati raccolti è stato infatti possibile posizionare i diversi strumenti di finanziamento disponibili in relazione alle 4 variabili. A partire da queste è stato definito un modello con l’obiettivo di associare la fonte di finanziamento ottimale ad una startup in relazione alle sue caratteristiche. La formulazione del modello ha permesso di definire una roadmap di finanziamento utile al sostegno di startup innovative lungo tutto il loro ciclo di vita. Inoltre sono state derivate le principali criticità del panorama italiano del finanziamento all’innovazione.
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Tahi, Hanifa. "Innover par l'information : une alternative efficiente pour le développement des PME en Algérie : le cas de 135 PME privées à M'sila." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAE006.
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Les pouvoirs publics en Algérie compte sur les PME pour diversifier l'économie, qui demeure une économie de rente pétrolière. Cependant, ces PME sont fragiles et ne participent pas activement à la croissance et le développement du pays.Notre projet consiste à proposer une solution efficace et efficiente pour les PME. cette solution consiste à innover par l'information. L'innovation étant définie comme un moyen de l'adaptation au changement de l'environnement. Certes, la collecte de l'information nécessite des moyens humains et financiers considérables que la PME ne possèdent pas, d'ou la nécessité de l'intervention de l'Etat pour mettre à disposition de ces PME les informations dont ils ont besoinThe authorities in Algeria account for SMEs to diversify the economy, which remains an oil rent economy. However, these SMEs are fragile and do not actively participate in the growth and development of the country.Our project is to provide an effective and efficient solution for SMEs. this solution is to innovate through information. Innovation is defined as a way of adapting to environmental change. Certainly the collection of information requires considerable human and financial resources that SMEs do not possess, hence the need for state intervention to make available to these SMEs with the information they need
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Wei, Zhou. "Peony transplanted : Pai Hsien-yung and the preservation of Chinese Kunqu." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5994.
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This dissertation examines the preservation of Chinese kunqu, one of China’s indigenous operatic genres, in recent years with a special focus on renowned writer Pai Hsien-yung’s new adaptation of classic kunqu play The Peony Pavilion (Mudan ting). I use this adaptation as a case study to demonstrate how the actual shape of a stage production can be determined by a producer’s choice between tradition and innovation. The contention between the two variables can be identified in the hundreds of years of kunqu history. The introduction provides a brief overview of the ascension of kunqu to its dominance as a national opera between late Ming and early Qing dynasties (late sixteenth century to early nineteenth century). The first two chapters analyze the downfall of this genre and its struggle for existence and development from mid-Qing through the turbulent twentieth century with particular emphasis on exploring the interplay between tradition and innovation. The next two chapters focus entirely on Pai Hsien-yung’s stage production of Peony and its wide distribution. The last chapter examines the latest kunqu production modes developed under the influence of Pai’s approach. Through this detailed analysis of Pai’s kunqu production and its impact, this research identifies one of the most prominent trends in kunqu preservation and development in the twenty-first century. It explores the dialectical approach adopted in this trend to handle the relationship between tradition and innovation, and the particular redefinition of audience construction. A renewed wave of kunqu preservation efforts within China during the past decade created a favourable environment for Pai’s productions. The success of his works has drawn new attention to the opera and eased kunqu crisis to a fairly large extent. The most significant contribution of Pai’s works to Chinese kunqu discourse can be seen from the expansion of audience base, particularly among the educated youth, and the increasingly varied and creative strategies for kunqu production and distribution. These changes have greatly transformed the overall Chinese kunqu scene, and ushered in a new era when new kunqu stage works are made into collages of intrinsic kunqu aesthetics and certain traditional artistic values. Pai’s ability to negotiate a space for kunqu amidst fierce competition against the many different forms of modern entertainment has restored people’s confidence in both kunqu and Chinese cultural traditions at large. Pai’s experience of finding a particular balance between tradition and innovation, between art and market, has contributed critically not only to the emergence of more hybridized kunqu productions, but also to the preservation and development of other forms of traditional Chinese performing arts genres in the age of globalization and commercialization.
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Raharison, Franck Mamy Michel. "Utilisation des sources d'information, capacité d'absorption et innovation dans les PME agroalimentaires malgaches /." Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2006. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/24653020R.pdf.
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Le, Bars Anne Anne. "Innovation sans recherche : les compétences pour innover dans les PME de l'agro-alimentaire." Grenoble 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE21007.
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Se focalisant sur les liens entre la R&D et l'innovation, la plupart des travaux économiques tendent à ignorer le rôle des actifs hors recherche. Nous avons mené une étude empirique sur un secteur faiblement intensif en R&D, l'agro-alimentaire afin de mettre en lumière le rôle de ces actifs. Notre objectif est de comprendre comment se construisent les processus d'innovations dans les secteurs peu intensifs en R&D afin de proposer une approche globale de l'innovation permettant de stimuler l'innovation dans ces secteurs. Combinant le modèle "chain-linked" et les travaux sur les ressources et les compétences, nous proposons une approche de l'innovation par les ressources et les compétences. L'enquête porte sur 22 processus d'innovation réalisés par des PME de l'agro-alimentaire. Les données sont traitées avec la méthode des cartes de Kohonen, outil de traitement statistique adapté pour les études exploratoires. Nous montrons que les PME agro-alimentaires manquent de ressources et de compétences en marketing, ce qui entrâve l'acquisition d'actifs marketing et la réussite commerciale des innovations. Elles manquent également de compétences organisationnelles indispensables pour coordonner les aspects technologiques et marketing du processus d'innovation. Une politique publique qui favoriserait de développement de ces compétences permettrait de limiter les échecs. Nous montrons qu'un réseau de soutien technologique dense favorise l'innovation. L'offre technologique existante est bien structurée et les entreprises ont des capacités suffisantes pour en bénéficier. Par contre, les mesures concernant les aspects marché et organisationnels sont inexistantes et les compétences des entreprises dans ces domaines sont très limitées. En conséquence, nous proposons d'axer les nouvelles mesures de politique publique sur ces aspects afin de mettre en place une politique en faveur de l'innovation et non pas seulement de la recherche.
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Raharison, Franck Mamy Michel. "Utilisation des sources d'information, capacité d'absorption et innovation dans les PME agroalimentaires malgaches." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2006. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/2008/1/000131564.pdf.
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Remon, Denis. "Innovation ouverte en contexte de PME : rôle des capacités et de l'innnovation organisationnelles." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2010. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/2092/1/030175689.pdf.
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Silva, Rui Miguel Moreira da. "Design in business : an on-line survey to portuguese innovation-driven firms about design maturity." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8477.
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Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia IndustrialNos últimos anos, o campo do Design e os profissionais desta área têm sido reconhecidos como impulsionadores e facilitadores de inovação, possuindo consequentemente um papel relevante nas atividades-chave das empresas, na sua performance e competitividade. A complexa natureza do Design continua a criar obstáculos à sua compreensão e aos seus resultados. Investigações revelam que diferentes empresas têm diferentes noções do potencial valor do Design e que a sua perceção e utilização (design maturity) pode desempenhar um papel decisivo na forma como as atividades de Design são praticadas na empresa. Esta pesquisa pretende investigar e contribuir para a melhoria da compreensão, relativamente à perceção e utilização do Design nas empresas Portuguesas. Para tal, o atual nível de design maturity das empresas Portuguesas orientadas para a Inovação, foi descrito utilizando a abordagem do Danish Design Ladder (DDL). A estratégia de inquérito foi aplicada através de um questionário online autoadministrado, baseado no inquérito do De.:SID a um grupo de 226 PME orientadas para a inovação - Rede PME Inovação COTEC da COTEC Portugal. Foi alcançada uma taxa de resposta de 33% e algumas conclusões interessantes foram extraídas sobre a importância que o Design pode ter num contexto empresarial. A principal conclusão é que a design maturity dos respondentes corresponde ao terceiro estágio do DDL: Design como Processo. Adicionalmente os dados sugerem que existe uma diferença entre a perceção das empresas e a real importância e utilização do papel do Design no seu negócio, revelando alguma falta de conhecimento e experiência na sua aplicação.
In recent years, the Design field and professional designers have been acknowledged as a driver and enabler of innovation, and thus important to key business activities and to firms' performance and competitiveness. The complex nature of Design still raises obstacles to the comprehension of its activity and results. Research revealed that different firms can have different understanding of Design's value potential and that their perception and usage (design maturity) might play a decisive role in the way design activity is practiced in a firm. This research intended to investigate and provide insights regarding Portuguese business firms' perception and usage of Design. For that purpose, the current Design Maturity level of Portuguese innovation-driven firms was described, using the Danish Design Ladder (DDL) framework. A survey strategy was applied, by a self-administered on-line questionnaire based on the De.:SID survey, to a group of 226 innovation-driven SMEs - COTEC Portugal's Rede PME Inovação. A response rate of 33% was achieved and interesting insights were found about the importance Design can have in a business context. The main conclusion is that respondents' design maturity corresponds to the DDL's third stage: Design as Process. Moreover, data suggests a difference between firm's perception and the actual importance and usage of the Design role in their business, which reveals a certain lack of knowledge and experience in working with Design.
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Lelorieux, Olivier. "Analyse des effets d'actions de formation-accompagnement a destination de dirigeants de TPE/PME." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30099.
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La formation des dirigeants de TPE/PME constitue un enjeu pour la compétitivité de leur entreprise et pour l’attractivité d’un territoire. Pour répondre aux préoccupations des acteurs territoriaux et en se fondant sur des approches théoriques, cette thèse vise à comprendre l’efficacité d’une formation RH à destination de dirigeants de TPE/PME et à proposer des mesures pour l’améliorer. Dans cet objectif, nous proposons un cadre d’analyse à l’intersection de quatre champs de connaissances (PME, innovation, appropriation des outils de gestion et transfert des acquis d’une formation). Nous mobilisons un positionnement constructiviste et un design de recherche qualitatif et multi-méthodes (étude de cas multiples, recherche-intervention, étude longitudinale). Deux formations non traditionnelles (formation-accompagnement) et de nature différente sont étudiées. Notre échantillon est composé de quatre TPE et une PE. L’évaluation du transfert est faite sur la base des réactions, de l’apprentissage, des effets individuels et des effets organisationnels. Deux composantes sont distinguées : la généralisation et le maintien des acquis de la formation. Nous adaptons les trajectoires de l’appropriation (individuelle, sociale et instrumentale) pour discuter le chemin du transfert et ses influences. Principalement, ces petites entreprises doivent trouver un équilibre entre une formalisation rigide et un management de proximité souple. Le transfert apparaît alors comme un phénomène complexe où changer de paradigme semble nécessaire en adoptant une vision plus globale incluant la dimension du territoireSME directors’ training is believed to have a positive impact on company performance and in the appeal of doing business in a particular territory. In order to answer public organisations’ concerns and based on theoretical approaches, this study aims to understand the effectiveness of HR training to SME directors and to suggest measures to improve it. To this end, we propose an analysis framework where four areas meet (SME, innovation, management tools appropriation and training transfer). A constructivist approach has been adopted using qualitative and multi-methods research (multiple case studies, action-research, longitudinal study). The study looks at two non-traditional training methods (accompaniment-training) of different types. The selected case studies are composed of four “Very Small Enterprises” and one “Small Enterprise”. Transfer evaluation is discussed through reactions, learning, individual effects and organisational effects. Two components are identified: generalization and maintenance of training outcomes. We adapt appropriation paths (individual, social and instrumental) in order to explain transfer and its influence. Mainly, these small enterprises have to find a balance between a formal and informal culture and management practices. Transfer is perceived as a complex phenomenon which is calling for paradigm change in adopting a more global vision on which public organisations related to specific territories can have an impact
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Sabbado, da Rosa Laura. "Le pôle de compétitivité Arve Industries : les effets sur la dynamique partenariale des PME locales." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENG018/document.
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La mise en oeuvre des pôles de compétitivité, dès 2006, fait partie d’une politique gouvernementale de soutien aux entreprises et aux territoires visant à mieux positionner la France dans la compétition économique internationale. L’objectif est de renforcer le tissu industriel de certaines régions par une forte injection d’investissements publics dans des projets liés à l’innovation et à l’internationalisation des entreprises. Cette thèse traite des effets de l’installation du pôle de compétitivité ‘Arve Industries’ et, en particulier, du degré d’implication des PME locales dans cette démarche collective d’innovation. Du point de vue théorique, nous avons fait appel, d’une part, aux approches sur l’économie territoriale car la notion de territoire fait partie intégrante de la logique des pôles de compétitivité et, d’autre part aux études portant sur les réseaux stratégiques. Dans ces deux perspectives, la proximité est présentée comme un facteur important à la base des rapports de coopération entre les acteurs concernés (entreprises, laboratoires et universités) dans le domaine technologique. Du point de vue empirique, ce travail combine une démarche qualitative exploratoire, basée sur une enquête menée à partir d’entretiens semi-directifs avec 22 patrons de PME et 6 organisations d’appui à l’industrie locale, et une démarche quantitative conduite auprès de 68 questionnaires exploitables. La nature des relations des PME au sein de pôle de compétitivité sont ainsi étudiés du point de vue de la coopération, la compétition et la diffusion de connaissancesCompetitiveness clusters have been established since 2006 and represent a political initiative by the French government to aid businesses and regions and thus improve France’s position in the realm of international economic competition. The goal is to reinforce the industrial fabric in certain regions via a substantial injection of public funds invested in projects linked with innovation and internationalization of enterprises. This dissertation studies the impact of the creation of the “Arve Industries” competitiveness cluster and in particular, the degree of implication of local SMEs in this collective, innovating activity. From a theoretical stand point, we call upon approaches addressing territorial economies due to the intrinsically territorial nature of competitiveness clusters, as well as studies focusing on strategic networks. Harnessing these two perspectives, proximity is presented as an important factor at the root of cooperative interactions between the involved actors (businesses, laboratories and universities) in the technological field. From a technological stand point, this work combines a qualitative exploratory approach based on semi-directive interviews with 22 SME owners and 6 organizations that support local industry, and a quantitative approach based on 68 usable questionnaires. The nature of relationships between SMEs in competitiveness clusters are also studied in terms of cooperation, competition and knowledge sharing
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Pillon, Elodie. "Expliquer l'adoption des pratiques d'innovation ouverte des PME par les caractéristiques stratégiques, organisationnelles et environnementales." Thesis, Normandie, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NORMC001.
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L’objectif de cette recherche est d’expliquer l'adoption des pratiques d'innovation ouverte par les PME en explorant les caractéristiques stratégiques, organisationnelles et environnementales des PME. Nous posons tout d’abords les fondements théoriques nécessaires à la compréhension du concept d’innovation ouverte et fournissons une meilleure compréhension de sa spécificité dans le contexte de la PME. Nous utilisons ensuite un processus d'analyse documentaire pour identifier vingt-deux déterminants, trois stratégiques d’innovation et onze pratiques d'innovation ouverte et proposer un modèle intégratif pour l'adoption de l'innovation ouverte dans les PME qui lie les caractéristiques stratégiques, organisationnelles et environnementales aux pratiques d’innovation ouverte. Après avoir justifié nos choix épistémologiques et méthodologiques, à savoir le choix d’une démarche hypothético-déductive ancrée dans un positionnement réaliste critique et une méthodologie quantitative nous vérifions l’existence d’un lien statistiquement significatif entre les caractéristiques organisationnelles, stratégiques et environnementales des PME Normandes et l’adoption des pratiques d’innovation ouverte. Nos résultats montrent que l’exploitation n’est pas corrélée aux pratiques d’innovation ouverte et que l’ambidextrie est positivement corrélée aux pratiques d’innovation ouverte. Cependant, l’exploration n’est pas corrélée aux pratiques d’innovation ouverte puisque seule la co-conception est négativement corrélée à la stratégie d’exploitation et seul le capital venture est négativement corrélé à la stratégie d’exploitation et positivement corrélé à l’ambidextrie. D’autres régressions logistiques simples et multiples ont ensuite permis d’identifier les principales variables organisationnelles et environnementales expliquant le recours aux différentes pratiques d’innovation ouverte. Les résultats révèlent que les déterminants structurels et extra-organisationnels sont liés aux trois logique d’innovation ouverte, que les déterminants inter-organisationnels sont significativement corrélés aux pratiques d’outside-in et de coupled process mais d’inside-out. Les déterminants environnementaux sont significativement corrélés aux pratiques de coupled process et d’inside-out, mais pas d’outside-in. Les résultats montrent que les caractéristiques organisationnelles et environnementales sont significativement corrélées aux pratiques d’innovation ouverte adoptées par les PME. Pour finir nous avons réalisé une classification qui a fait apparaître trois groupes de PME : un groupe de PME dites innovatrices fermées, qui pratiquent peu l’innovation ouverte, un groupe de PME dites innovatrices d’acquisition qui cherchent à enrichir leur processus de R&D par l’achat de ressources externes, et le groupe des PME innovatrices interactives qui favorisent la collaboration entre différents acteurs pour aboutir à une innovation conjointe. Finalement, d’un point de vue théorique, ce travail doctoral nous a permis de synthétiser les connaissances portant sur l’innovation ouverte dans les PME, de construire un modèle intégrant à la fois les pratiques d’innovation ouverte et les caractéristiques stratégiques, organisationnelles et environnementales des PME et d’identifier trois groupes de PME ayant des profils distincts en terme d’adoption de pratiques d’innovation ouverte. D’un point de vue managérial, nos travaux permettent de sensibiliser les décideurs sur les différentes combinaisons favorisant ou freinant l’adoption de l’innovation ouverte et donnent la possibilité aux dirigeants de choisir les éléments les plus appropriés pour leur PME en termes de pratiques d’innovation ouverte en fonction de la combinaison de leurs caractéristiques stratégiques, caractéristiques organisationnelles et caractéristiques environnementalesThe objective of this research is to explain the adoption of open innovation practices by SMEs by exploring the strategic, organisational and environmental characteristics of SMEs. We first of all lay the theoretical foundations for understanding the concept of open innovation and provide a better understanding of its specificity in the SME context. We then use a literature review process to identify twenty-two determinants, three innovation strategies and eleven open innovation practices and propose an integrative model for the adoption of open innovation in SMEs that links strategic, organisational and environmental characteristics to open innovation practices. After having justified our epistemological and methodological choices, namely the choice of a hypothetico-deductive approach anchored in a critical realistic positioning and a quantitative methodology, we verify the existence of a statistically significant link between the organisational, strategic and environmental characteristics of Norman SMEs and the adoption of open innovation practices. Our results show that exploitation is not correlated with open innovation practices and that ambidextrousness is positively correlated with open innovation practices. However, exploration is not correlated with open innovation practices since only co-design is negatively correlated with exploitation strategy and only venture capital is negatively correlated with exploitation strategy and positively correlated with ambidextrous. Other simple and multiple logistic regressions then identified the main organisational and environmental variables explaining the use of different open innovation practices. The results reveal that the structural and extra-organisational determinants are linked to the three open innovation logics, and that the inter-organisational determinants are significantly correlated to outside-in and coupled process but inside-out practices. The environmental determinants are significantly correlated to the practices of coupled process and inside-out, but not outside-in. The results show that organisational and environmental characteristics are significantly correlated with the open innovation practices adopted by SMEs. Finally, a classification was carried out which revealed three groups of SMEs: a group of so-called closed innovative SMEs, which do not practise open innovation much, a group of so-called acquisition innovative SMEs, which seek to enrich their R&D process by purchasing external resources, and the group of interactive innovative SMEs, which promote collaboration between different actors to achieve joint innovation. Finally, from a theoretical point of view, this doctoral work has enabled us to synthesise knowledge on open innovation in SMEs, to build a model integrating both open innovation practices and the strategic, organisational and environmental characteristics of SMEs and to identify three groups of SMEs with distinct profiles in terms of the adoption of open innovation practices. From a managerial point of view, our work raises awareness among decision-makers on the different combinations favouring or hindering the adoption of open innovation and gives managers the possibility to choose the most appropriate elements for their SME in terms of open innovation practices according to the combination of their strategic characteristics, organisational characteristics and environmental characteristics
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Bramão, Marta Alexandra Patrão dos Santos O´Neill. "COMPETE 2020 – Empreendedorismo, Inovação e Internacionalização nas PME em Portugal: o Caso da APPB." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal. Escola Superior de Ciências Empresariais, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/19759.
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Relatório de Estágio submetido como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Empresariais no Ramo Gestão de PMENas últimas décadas ocorreram relevantes mudanças mundiais, como a globalização das economias, os avanços tecnológicos e a crescente importância da informação e do conhecimento, que originaram uma modificação e exigiram a constante adaptação das práticas de Gestão nas organizações. O tecido empresarial Português é composto, maioritariamente, por Micro, Pequenas e Médias Empresas (PME) sendo o seu contributo de extrema relevância para o desenvolvimento da economia nacional. Porém, as PME possuem características muito específicas, são compostas por estruturas muito simples, heterogéneas e voláteis, com uma gestão centralizada. Nestas empresas há, por norma, uma fraca e limitada capacidade no que diz respeito aos recursos que dispõem, e que as limitam no seu crescimento. Num período de recuperação económica, em que Portugal manifestou necessidade de várias reformas e políticas de restrição devido ao contexto de crise em que se encontrou em anos recentes, uma das medidas de recuperação passa pelo incremento da competitividade destas empresas, pelo incentivo ao empreendedorismo, à inovação e à internacionalização. Neste sentido, foi disponibilizado, no âmbito de um Programa de Sistemas de Incentivos com base em Fundos Europeus, um programa nacional em parceria com a Comissão Europeia, o Portugal 2020 (PT2020), onde se inclui um programa mais direcionado para a Competitividade e Internacionalização, o Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI), denominado COMPETE 2020. O presente relatório baseia-se num estágio que teve lugar no Departamento de Projetos de uma empresa de Consultoria de Gestão, Inovação, Empreendedorismo e Tecnologia, a Globalseven – Business Consulting (Globalseven), e que permitiu a realização de um estudo onde, através de uma metodologia qualitativa fundamentada pelas técnicas de observação participante e análise documental, se pretende analisar o Programa COMPETE 2020 enquanto fonte de estímulo e apoio ao Empreendedorismo, à Inovação e à Internacionalização das PME portuguesas. Assim, o presente estudo incide sobre a preparação de Projetos de PME neste âmbito, abordando as diversas etapas constituintes dessa elaboração, tendo como exemplo uma empresa cliente, a APPB, para ilustrar os procedimentos realizados desde o início do projeto à planificação x dos investimentos, à realização do estudo de viabilidade económico-financeira e da Certificação PME para, posteriormente, ser preenchida e submetida a candidatura dos projetos ao Programa Compete, mais especificamente aos Sistema de Incentivos (SI) de Empreendedorismo Qualificado e Criativo e Internacionalização das PME. Considerando o estudo realizado na Globalseven verificou-se que a Globalseven tem processos de planeamento de projetos coerentes, e constata-se que o Programa COMPETE 2020 é um importante apoio e incentivo ao empreendedorismo, à inovação e à internacionalização das PME portuguesas. Ainda foi possível verificar que, durante o período em que decorreu o estágio, todos os projetos realizados para as PME clientes da Globalseven foram candidatos ao SI em Empreendedorismo Qualificado e Criativo e ao SI Internacionalização, sendo percecionado pelas empresas como uma forma de estímulo e de obtenção do apoio financeiro necessário para avançarem com os seus projetos, facilitando a aquisição de recursos necessários ao empreendedor. Tendo como referência as conclusões obtidas com o presente estudo pretende-se sugerir propostas de perspetivas que permitam agregar valor ao processo de planeamento e elaboração de projetos na Globalseven, com o objetivo de criar valor para a entidade de acolhimento bem como para as empresas suas clientes.
In the last decades, there have been significant changes in the world, such as the globalization of economies, technological advances and the growing importance of information and knowledge, which led to a change and demanded the constant adaptation of Management practices in organizations. The Portuguese companies are mainly Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) and its contribution is of extreme relevance for the development of the national economy. However, SMEs have very specific characteristics, they are composed of very simple, heterogeneous and volatile structures, with centralized management. In these companies, there is a weak and limited capacity regarding the resources available, which limits their growth. In a period of economic recovery, in which Portugal manifested the need for various reforms and restrictive policies due to the crisis context in the recent years, one of the recovery measures is to increase the competitiveness of these companies, to encourage entrepreneurship, innovation and internationalization. To this end, is available a national program, Portugal 2020 (PT2020), a Program of Incentive Systems based on European Funds, and more specifically the COMPETE 2020 Program, the Competitiveness and Internationalization Operational Program, to increase SME´s competitiveness and internationalization. This report is based on an internship which took place in the Projects Department of a Management, Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Technology consulting company, named Globalseven - Business Consulting (Globalseven). This internship allowed the realization of a study where, through a qualitative methodology based on participatory observation techniques and documentation analysis, it is intended to describe and analyze the COMPETE 2020 Program as a source of encouragement and support of Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Internationalization of Portuguese SMEs. Thus, the study focuses on the preparation of Projects addressing the various stages of this elaboration, using as an example a Globalseven´s client, the APPB company, to illustrate de procedures from the beginning of the project to the investment´s planning, to the economic and financial feasibility study, to later be carried out the application of the projects to COMPETE 2020 Program, more specifically to the Incentive System (SI) for Qualified and Creative Entrepreneurship and Internationalization of the SMEs. xii Considering the study carried out at Globalseven, it was found that Globalseven has consistent project planning processes and it is noted that COMPETE 2020 Program is an important support and incentive to the entrepreneurship, innovation and internationalization of Portuguese SMEs. It was verified that, during the period of the internship, all the projects carried out for Globalseven's SME clients were candidates for the IS in Qualified and Creative Entrepreneurship and the IS Internationalization, being perceived by the companies as a form of encouragement as well as the necessary financial support to advance with their projects, facilitating the acquisition of resources needed by the entrepreneur. Based on the conclusions obtained with the present study we intend to suggest proposals of perspectives that allow to add value to the process of planning and elaboration of projects in Globalseven, with the objective of creating value for the host entity as well as for their customers.
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Croteau, Julie. "Innovation de produit dans les PME manufacturières : relations entre le fonctionnement, les ressources et le taux d'innovation /." Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2003. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/17731736R.html.
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Croteau, Julie. "Innovation de produit dans les PME manufacturières : relations entre le fonctionnement, les ressources et le taux d'innovation." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2003. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4026/1/000104278.pdf.
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Alghadeer, Abdulaziz Ibrahim. "Influence of Socio-Cultural and Technological Factors on the Adoption of the Project Management Office (PMO) in Saudia Arabia: An Innovation Diffusion Perspective." Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365914.
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Innovation is regarded as one of the key drivers of national economic growth. It is defined as the adoption of a system, policy, program, device, process, product or service that is new to the adopting organisation. A must-have core competency for the adopting organisation is the ability to manage the innovation-adoption process (e.g. awareness of the innovation, attitude formation, intention to adopt, rate of adoption, evaluation, implementation, etc.). The link between innovativeness and projects undertaken is intimate, therefore, integrated advanced project management is recommended to address challenges faced by project management in improving organisations’ performance. Many organisations plan to adopt or have already adopted the Project Management Office (PMO) which is perceived as an organisational innovation because it is an effort to adopt new project management practices. Previous studies have indicated that the successful adoption of innovations often needs an effective diffusion process. This thesis argues that a combination of contextual factors (e.g. social, cultural, technological and organisational) and various innovation characteristics has the potential to influence the organisation’s intention to adopt innovation. Drawing upon the Diffusion of Innovation theory, and a stream of research that has focused on national culture, organisational climate, and technology and innovation management, the thesis introduces a conceptual model featuring seven unique constructs–each construct represents a single theoretical variable of interest. The thesis hypothesises upon how socio-cultural and technological factors (two constructs at the country level), organisational climate for innovation (single construct at the organisation level), and innovation characteristics (three constructs capturing perceived relative advantages, compatibility and complexity) influence the intention-to-adopt decision (single construct).Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Engineering
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Campos, Marcia Maciel de. "Experiência inovadora em educação superior - PAI - Planejamento Agronômico Integrado : estudo de caso na UFRGS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/25843.
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O presente trabalho trata do estudo de uma experiência de inovação pedagógica em educação superior. A experiência estudada foi à disciplina denominada PAI - Planejamento Agronômico Integrado, que é parte do currículo desenvolvido pela Faculdade de Agronomia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. O objetivo da pesquisa foi descrever a experiência da disciplina, enquanto prática pedagógica inovadora. Identificar suas características, como ocorreu a participação dos sujeitos, e verificar se resultou, ou não, desse processo inovador, a produção do Conhecimento Social. Os conceitos de inovação e conhecimento social, trabalhados na pesquisa, se apoiaram no referencial teórico de Leite (2001). A perspectiva de inovação é a de práticas que apresentem uma ruptura com paradigmas vigentes na universidade e que possibilitem a reconfiguração de saberes, poderes e conhecimentos. O conhecimento social é um conhecimento construído na relação teoria com a prática, na mediação do professor com o protagonismo dos alunos e demais participantes da relação educativa. É um conhecimento que dá visibilidade a outros saberes antes ausentes, pode nascer de necessidades ou demandas sociais e se concretizar na busca de solução a essas demandas. O Estudo de Caso foi a estratégia metodológica escolhida para realizar essa pesquisa, que se caracterizou como um estudo de cunho qualitativo, sustentado no referencial de Yin (2005). As informações foram obtidas a partir do estudo de documentos, publicações e da coleta de dados no trabalho de campo. Foram aplicados questionários e realizadas entrevistas com alunos, professores e outros atores participantes dessa relação educativa. O trabalho de campo se caracterizou por observações das aulas, das saídas de campo da turma e nas apresentações realizadas pelos alunos para a comunidade em geral. Foi possível constatar que a disciplina PAI é uma experiência inovadora que se tornou possível a partir da reformulação curricular. Os seus criadores, não pensavam a priori em uma disciplina, tinham a intenção de qualificar o ensino e a aprendizagem do aluno, dando maior consistência e significado ao que havia sido ensinado, para que o aluno saísse da universidade seguro e confiante quanto ao seu potencial profissional. Foi a partir do amadurecimento dessas intenções, que surgiu a possibilidade de integrar a prática e a teoria numa disciplina. Destaca-se na experiência seu caráter inovador presente no modo de construção e reconstrução do conhecimento, que resultou de uma interação com diferentes atores sociais, tal interação possibilitou partilha de saberes e de poderes entre os atores. Inovadora também pela possibilidade emancipadora deste conhecimento o que se observou, pelo estímulo ao protagonismo dos alunos e pelos diferentes espaços ocupados formando novos cenários de aprendizagem para o conhecimento que se produz na universidade.The present work deals with the study of a pedagogical innovation experience in Higher Education. The studied experiment was the discipline named PAI – Planejamento Agronômico Integrado (Integrated Agronomic Planning), which is developed in the Agronomics College at Federal University from the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The purpose of this research was to describe the experience of this discipline as a pedagogical innovator practice and to identify its characteristics as it occurred with the subjects‟ participation and also to verify if it showed any implications in the Social knowledge production from this process. The concepts of innovation and social knowledge accomplished in this research have been supported on Leite (2001) theoretical referential. The innovation perspective is that one practice can present a rupture with actual paradigms at the University and that it could enable the instruction, power and knowledge reconfigurations. The social knowledge described here is the one constructed in the relation of theory and practice and in professor‟s mediation with the student‟s leadership and other participants in the educative relation. This is a knowledge which gives visibility to other missing instructions, and comes from the necessity or social demands as it materializes in the search for solutions to those demands (LEITE, 2001). The study case was the methodological strategy chosen to accomplish this research, characterized as a qualitative study supported by Yin (2005) referential. The information was obtained from the study of documents, publications and data collection in this field. Some questionnaires were used and some interviews were made with students, professors and other actors from this educational relationship. The work had as a characteristic the observation of classrooms; student‟s going out and in the students‟ presentation to the community in general. It was possible to verify that the PAI discipline is an innovative experience that only became possible due to a curricular reformulation. Its creators, a priori did not think about a specific discipline, they had in mind the intention of qualifying teaching and learning, giving much more consistence and meaning to what had been taught, so the student could leave university self-confident concerning his professional potential. From this maturation of intentions, it came to light the possibility to integrate the practice with the theory in a discipline. This innovative experience should be highlighted as a feature present in the way we construct and reconstruct knowledge, which resulted in an interaction among different social actors. Such interaction made the sharing of knowledge and powers possible among the actors. It was also innovative for the emancipator possibility from this observed knowledge, through the motivation of students‟ leadership and also through different spaces used, creating new sets of learning for the knowledge we produce at university.
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Touré, Aboubacar. "L’enjeu des pôles de compétitivité en Île-de-France : gouvernance et PME innovantes." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040254.
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L’industrie française a connu un ralentissement de sa productivité depuis la fin des années 1980 jusqu’à nos jours. Cette situation s’est accentuée avec la montée en puissance de l’Allemagne et l’émergence de pays comme la Chine, l’Inde et le Brésil. Dés lors, la France se devait de réagir car étant soumise à la loi du marché qui est basée sur la compétitivité des produits destinés à l’exportation. C’est dans ce contexte que l’État va s’atteler à la relance de l’économie en créant les pôles de compétitivité en juillet 2005. C’est donc pour étudier cette dynamique de développement que j’ai décidé d’effectuer une thèse de doctorat sur l’enjeu des pôles de compétitivité en Île-de France en s’appuyant sur l’exemple de Systematic-Paris-Région, Cap Digital Paris-Région et Advancity Ville et Mobilité DurablesSince the 1980’s end in until now, the French industry has known a slowing down of its productivity. The situation became speed with the economic power of Germany and the emergence of countries such as China, India and Basil. Therefore, France had to react because being submitted to the law of the market place which is based on the competitiveness of products intended for export. It is in this context that the State is so going to get down in the economic stimulus plan by creating in July 2005 the poles of competitiveness. It is thus to study this development process that I decided to do doctoral thesis on the stake of the poles of competitiveness in Ile-de-France basing me on the example of Systématic-Paris-Région, Cap Digital Paris-Région and Advancity Ville and Sustainable Mobility
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Macchiaroli, Maria. "La selezione di investimenti in infrastrutture nel servizio idrico integrato. Un modello innovativo per il Programma degli Interventi in Italia." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2018. http://elea.unisa.it:8080/xmlui/handle/10556/4273.
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2016 - 2017In the Countries of the Western Europe, present weather changes have caused a growing attention to the use of water resources. In particular, in Italy the summer of 2017 – characterized by a prolonged drought – caused emergencies also in Regions who are traditionally rich in water. So, there is the necessity of an efficient water management through a correct model of Integrated Water Service (SII). The rational approach is to be applied both to the maintenance and development of the infrastructural asset useful for water supply, storage and distribution, for the wastewater disposal and purification, and to the management model for the optimization of public service supply. In both cases, the operational scheme prescribed by the National Authority (ARERA), through a tight and constant regulations, sees a very strong push to rationalize the operating principles. This research is part of this theme, outlining a multi-criteria model that allows the optimal selection of investments in water infrastructures within the Program of Interventions, with respect to a multi-subject and multi-interest operational scenario, therefore complex and not rarely conflictual (public interests versus entrepreneurial interests of the Utilities). The model proposes the application of the AHP within an innovative logical scheme also with respect to the current national legislation. In detail, the first two chapters of the Thesis outline the current management of the Integrated Water Service in Italy and in the main European countries. The third chapter describes the programming tools that the regulatory bodies have at their disposal to make the Service more efficient, as well as the tariff structure in force in Italy. Finally, the fourth and fifth chapters illustrate the innovative model proposed for the Program of Interventions and its application to a real case in Campania. The experiment allowed to permeate a complex and articulated procedure with the principles of the scientific-rational approach. The results can be traced back to some main points: 1. the model architecture explicits the recommendation of ARERA concerning the need to adopt evaluation techniques ratified by the scientific bibliography for the choice of intervention alternatives, in fact applies the AHP methodology; 2. the model esemplifies the process of selecting critical issues affecting the SII, starting from the set described by ARERA, leading it back to the set whole coherent with the ATO and then with the subset of the specific territory managed from the Utility that adopts the protocol; 3. the model accompanies the operators in the correct identification of the technical parameters representative of the status of the criticalities elicited, inducing them to the correct balance between the suggestions of the Authority and the extemporaneous solutions consistent with the informative and cognitive conditions of the professional reality 4. the model introduces, in addition to the evaluation criteria of ARERA, 3 other criteria (population affected by investments, cost of investment and maintenance of the proposed technical solutions) that enhance the social and economic profile of the projects, not adequately covered by the indicators recommended by the Authority; 5. the model simplifies the selection of technical solutions that have widespread positive effects on multiple levels of problems, allowing a quick synthesis of investments that have convenient scale effects in both costs and results; 6. the model allows the temporal ranking of winning alternatives, concileing the public goals contained in the strategic planning tools (PdA) and the private goals of financial optimization of the investment process. However, it should be noted that the model discounts the still relevant informative asymmetry between the Utility - often the only holder, although partial, of knowledge about assets, stocks and costs of production factors - and Regulator who instead, in the absence of a correct campaign to quantify the parameters of the SII, remains an inert observer with respect to budgeting and corporate planning problems. Finally, the result of temporal ranking performed on the real case is certainly satisfactory. From the tendential coincidence between the primary objectives of the public and of the private sector derives a positive perspective in the potential collaboration to the development of the sector in the South Italy areas. [edited by Author]
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Hébert, Louis. "Caractéristiques des PME manufacturières utilisatrices d'une innovation technologique : le cas du contrôle numérique dans l'industrie des produits de plastique." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1987. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5834/1/000567538.pdf.
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Semensato, Bárbara Ilze. "Les capacités dynamiques pour l'innovation et les modèles d'internationalisation des entreprises basées sur les nouvelles technologies : une étude de cas multiple avec les PME Brésiliennes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAG009.
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La mondialisation des marchés et de la compétitivité internationale de plus en plus dans les deux dernières décennies ont fourni à l’entrée des entreprises concurrentes sur le marché, parmi lesquels les petites entreprises. Notamment reconnus pour leur importance sociale et économique, les petites entreprises des secteurs de l’activité de l’industrie, du commerce et des services sont, en termes numériques, la grande majorité des entreprises au Brésil. Compte tenu de l’importance de cet objet de la recherche, cette recherche a comme objectif général d'explorer la relation entre l’orientation à l'innovation et les modèles d'internationalisation des petites et moyennes entreprises (PME). Pour atteindre cet objectif principal, trois objectifs spécifiques sont établis, qui sont l’étude du processus et du modèle d’internationalisation de petites et moyennes entreprises basées sur les nouvelles technologies et l’étude des capacités dynamiques pour l’innovation inhérente au processus et au modèle d’internationalisation des PMEs. Les capacités dynamiques d’innovation dirigent le développement de l’innovation technologique, à savoir, l’innovation des produits, procédés et services, favorisant également le développement d’innovation non technologique, en d’autres termes, de Marketing et de l’organisation. En outre, les capacités dynamiques renforcent positivement sur la compétitivité des petites entreprises dans les marchés intérieurs et internationaux. Le fondement théorique de cette recherche réside dans les théories de l’Internationalisation, de l’École Comportementale et de l’École Économique, de l’Internationalisation des Entreprises, et les théories de l’Innovation, se référant aux Capacités Dynamiques pour l’Innovation. Afin de mieux comprendre l’objet de la recherche, pour chaque sujet il y a une section concernant les PME. La diversité sectorielle des participants les entreprises a contribué à l’ampleur des résultats sur les capacités dynamiques de l’innovation des PME brésiliennes, ainsi que d’identifier leurs modèles d’internationalisation. D’après une étude qualitative, l’analyse montre que les PME brésiliennes cherchent à se différencier par l’innovation dans leurs marchés internationaux d’exploitation. En ce qui concerne les modèles d’internationalisation des PME brésiliennes, ils diffèrent à certains critères que celles figurant dans la littérature. Par conséquent, l’analyse des capacités dynamiques de l’innovation montre que les petites entreprises brésiliennes ont un fort potentiel pour le développement de l’innovation, même avec l’existence de barrières externes. Sur l’internationalisation, les PME de l’étude ont des modèles internationaux spécifiques, exigeant, par conséquent, critères approches par rapport à la littérature. Des contributions académiques, la recherche présente l’analyse des capacités dynamiques d’innovation liées à la configuration d’internationalisation des PME brésiliennes, présentant les variables émergents aux thèmes de recherche. Enfin, comme les contributions managériales, l’analyse des cas permettent de vérifier comment les entreprises cherchent à se positionner de manière concurrentielle sur les marchés internationauxThe globalization of markets and the growing international competitiveness in the last two decades have provided the entry of competing firms in the market, among which are small firms. Notably recognized for their social and economic importance, small enterprises of the industry, trade and services sectors of activity are, in numerical terms, the vast majority of businesses in Brazil. Given the importance of this object of research, this research has as general objective to explore the relationship between the innovation orientation and the internationalization patterns of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). To achieve this general objective, three specific objectives are drawn, which are the study of the internationalization process and patterns of small-and-medium-sized technology based firms and the study of dynamic capabilities for innovation inherent to the distinct internationalization process and patterns of the SMEs. The dynamic capabilities for innovation drive the technological innovation development, namely, innovation in products, processes and services, also fostering the non-technological innovation development, in other words, the Marketing and the organizational. In addition, the dynamic capabilities impact positively on the competitiveness of small businesses in domestic and international markets. The theoretical basis of this research lies in the Internationalization Theories, from the Behavioral School and the Economic School, for Business Internationalization, and the Innovation Theories, referring to the Dynamic Capabilities for Innovation. In order to better understand the object of research, for each topic there is a section concerning to the SMEs. The sectoral diversity of the participants firms contributed to the magnitude of results on the dynamic capabilities for innovation of Brazilian SMEs, as well as to identify their internationalization patterns. From a qualitative study, the analysis show that Brazilian SMEs seek to differentiate through innovation in their international operating markets. Regarding the internationalization patterns of Brazilian SMEs, they differ in some criteria than shown in the literature. Therefore, the analysis of dynamic capabilities for innovation shows that small Brazilian companies have high potential for the innovation development, even with the existence of external barriers. Concerning the internationalization, the SMEs of the study have specific international patterns, requiring, therefore, criteria approaches in relation to literature. As academic contributions, the research presents the analysis of dynamic capabilities for innovation related to the pattern of internationalization of Brazilian SMEs, presenting emerging variables from the research themes. Finally, as managerial contributions, the analysis of the cases enables verifying how firms seek to position themselves competitively in international markets
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Benhayoun-Sadafiyine, Lamiae. "La capacité d'absorption des PMEs intégrées dans des réseaux d'innovation collaboratifs : évaluation à travers une grille de maturité." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAG002/document.
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Afin de faire face à la concurrence accrue dans leurs marchés, de plus en plus PMEs innovent dans des réseaux d'innovation collaboratifs (RICs). En effet, ces derniers leur permettent d'accéder à des connaissances complémentaires nécessaires pour mener à bien leurs projets innovants. La contribution d'une PME à un tel réseau nécessite une absorption des connaissances externes, apportées par les autres participants et éventuellement de connaissances externes au réseau constitué.L'objet de cette thèse est de construire un outil de maturité pour évaluer la capacité d'absorption des PMEs intégrées dans de tels contextes. Cette évaluation les aidera à contribuer efficacement au projet et favorisera ainsi le succès de l'innovation. Elle les guidera également vers les bonnes pratiques pour capitaliser sur leurs expériences dans des RICs et améliorer la performance de leurs propres organisations à la lumière des apprentissages issus de ce dernier.Une approche méthodologique mixte a été adoptée pour le développement de cet outil. Une première phase qualitative a permis d'identifier les pratiques d'absorption d'une PME dans un projet de co-innovation. Cette phase est principalement composée d'une revue de littérature approfondie, de 20 entretiens semi-directifs auprès de 13 PMEs dans les régions Rhône-Alpes en France et Yorkshire au Royaume-Uni et de deux demi-journées de travail avec des experts chercheurs et praticiens. Une seconde phase quantitative avait pour objectif d'évaluer la pertinence de ces pratiques pour chaque situation possible de participation d'une PME à un réseau d'innovation collaboratif. Dans ce sens, un questionnaire d'enquête a été d'abord testé auprès de 2 praticiens et 2 chercheurs, puis administré auprès de PMEs ayant opéré dans des contextes de réseaux similaires. Les données collectées ont été analysées suivant une approche PLS-SEM et ont permis de formuler, pour chaque pratique d'absorption, une équation de prédiction de sa pertinence en fonction du contexte de participation d'une PME à un réseau d'innovation collaboratif. Les pratiques issues de la phase qualitative et les équations déterminées suite à l'approche quantitative ont ensuite été opérationnalisées sous la forme d'un outil de grille de maturité. Ce dernier sera affiné itérativement au fur et à mesure de sa mise en œuvre avec des PMEs intégrées dans des RICs.Cette recherche comporte des contributions à plusieurs niveaux. D'un point de vue théorique, elle confirme la proéminence pour l'innovation du concept de capacité d'absorption, en le caractérisant pour le contexte d'une PME intégrée dans un RIC. D'un point de vue pratique, la mise en œuvre de cette caractérisation via un outil à l'usage de PMEs permet de favoriser le succès de leurs expériences dans ces réseaux, en les guidant vers les pratiques appropriées aux contextes de leurs participations à ces derniers. Enfin d'un point de vue méthodologique, l'adoption d'une démarche quantitative pour contextualiser une grille de maturité constitue une approche novatrice dans le champ de développement de tels outils d'amélioration de la performanceIn order to face the increased market competition, SMEs are joining collaborative innovation networks (CINs). In fact, these sturcutres enable them access to complementary knowledge that is necessary to conduct their innovation projects. The contribution of an SME to such a network requires an absorption of the knowledge brought by the other participants and eventually of knowledge external to the constituted network.The aim of this thesis is to develop a maturity tool to assess the absorptive capacity of SMEs operating in such contexts. This evaluation will help them contribute effectively to the project and foster the innovation success of this latter. It will also guide them towards the best practices to capitalize on their experiences within these networks and hence improve the performance of their own organizationsA mixed method has been adopted for the development of this tool. A first qualitative phase enabled the identification of absorption practices for an SME embedded in a CIN. This phase is mainly composed of an in-depth literature review, 20 semi-directive interviews with 13 SMEs in the Rhône-Alpes region of France and the Yorkshire region in the UK and two working sessions with expert researchers and practitioners. A second quantitative phase aimed at evaluating the relevance of these practices for each possible situation of an SME's participation in a CIN. To this end, a survey questionnaire was first tested with 2 practitioners and 2 researchers and then administered to a sample of SMEs who had operated in similar contexts. The collected data was analyzed according to a PLS-SEM approach and enabled formulating a prediction equation for each absorption practice, according to the context of the SME's participation within the network. The practices resulting from the qualitative phase combined with the formulas steming from the quantitative one were then operationalized through a maturity grid. The latter will be iteratively improved through successive applications with SMEs embedded in CINs.This thesis implies contributions at several levels. From a theoretical point of view, it confirms the prominence for innovation of the concept of absorptive capacity, through its characterization for the context of an SME embedded in a CIN. From a practical point of view, the implementation of this characterization through a tool for the use of SMEs helps them foster the success of their experiences within such networks. Finally, from a methodological point of view, the adoption of a quantitative approach to contextualize a maturity grid is a novel methodology in the development stream of such performance improvement tools
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Lopez, Rizzo Humberto Cesar. "La place des PME dans les exportations, la croissance, l'emploi et l'innovation : une approche empirique et comparative." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010083.
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Afa, Najib. "La capacité à innover dans la PME : le rôle de l'accompagnement." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CNAM1121.
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Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude de l’accompagnement entrepreneurial dans une perspective d’innovation. Elle met en œuvre une recherche empirique au travers de l’association de deux démarches qualitatives et quantitatives, ce qui permet d’explorer la contribution de l’accompagnement dans une perspective d’innovation.Une analyse théorique des principaux concepts dans le domaine de l’innovation et de l’accompagnement entrepreneurial permet de mettre en lumière un cadre conceptuel adapté à l’étude de l’accompagnement en PME dans le but d’innover.Cette recherche se propose d’étudier les pratiques d’accompagnement susceptibles d’avoir un impact sur le succès entrepreneurial des dirigeants pendant la phase de création d’un projet innovant. Pour ce faire, nous avons adopté une démarche qui associe deux approches complémentaires. Une étude qualitative a visé l’exploration des formes et des pratiques d’accompagnement mobilisées dans un processus d’identification et d’exploitation des opportunités entrepreneuriales, ainsi que les perceptions personnelles des dirigeants quant à leur succès. L’étude quantitative a été réalisée auprès de deux cents dirigeants installés dans la région Lorraine, intégrant le dispositif ARDAN (Actions Régionales pour le Développement d'Activités Nouvelles). Nos principaux résultats montrent que le capital humain conditionne le succès des projets innovants, mais ne l’explique pas complétement. Notre recherche a ainsi pu démontrer que le capital social constitue une pratique d’accompagnement pour améliorer les chances de développement des projets innovantsThis thesis is devoted to the study of entrepreneurial support in a perspective of innovation. It implements an empirical research through the combination of both qualitative and quantitative approaches, allowing to explore the contribution of the entrepreneurial support from a perspective of innovation.A theoretical analysis of main concepts in the field of innovation and entrepreneurial support, allows to highlight a conceptual framework adapted to study the SMS’s entrepreneurial support in order to innovate.This research aims to study the entrepreneurial support practices which may have an impact on the success of the leader for the creation of an innovative project phase. To do this, we have adopted a process that combines two complementary approaches. A qualitative study, which aimed to explore the forms and practices of support mobilized in a process of identification and exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities, as well as the personal perceptions of successful leaders. The quantitative study was conducted among two hundred leaders installed in the Lorraine region, including the Regional Actions device for the New Development Activities (ARDAN). Among our key findings, human capital determines the success of innovative projects, but does not fully explain. Our research has also demonstrated that social capital is a practical support to improve the chances of developing innovative projects
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Ribeiro, Maria Margarida Carriche. "As PMEs em Portugal : a necessidade de inovação tecnológica e organizacional como estratégia internacional." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10472.
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Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos EuropeusO objectivo da investigação leva-nos a tentar identificar, quais as variáveis mais importantes para identificar a existência de uma estratégia de internacionalização deliberada, específica das PME. Procedemos ao estudo da política da EU para estas empresas e utilizamos o referencial das políticas top-bottom, para proceder à observação do impacto destas directivas no tecido empresarial português. O método utilizado foi o inquérito por questionário, dirigido a 500 PME, de diferentes sectores de actividade, que resultou numa taxa de resposta de 13,2 %,com relevância para as empresas da indústria transformadora. A base da investigação é o universo das micro, pequenas e médias empresas, cuja caracterização é feita com base na definição da EU. A conclusão a que chegamos é que a escolha dos parceiros não é utilizada como uma estratégia deliberada de internacionalização, continuando as empresas a dar particular atenção às relações directas com os clientes. Tendo em consideração a inexistência da estratégia deliberada, questionamos quais as alterações a introduzir na estrutura organizacional para ultrapassar esta dificuldade, nomeadamente na escolha dos parceiros, que sejam úteis para a formação de uma rede.
The main purpose of this research leads us to try an identification of which variables are more important for a deliberate strategy of internationalization, specifically for SMEs. We have reviewed the EU policies for these firms and used the orientation of top-bottom policies to observe the impact of the directives on Portuguese enterprises. The methodology used was an inquiry by questionnaire, addressed to 500 SMEs from different sectors of activity, which resulted in a rate of 13,2% of validated responses, where the manufacturing industry is particularly represented. The raw material of the research is SMEs universe using the definition of EU. We reached out for the conclusion that the choice of the partners is not used as deliberate strategy of internationalization and that the firms keep paying more attention to the direct relations with customers. Considering the lack of a deliberate strategy, we question which changes must be introduced in the structure of the organizations to overcome that difficulty, namely the choice of the partners which will be more useful to create and establish a network of relations.
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Braga, Francisco Maria Vaz da Cruz. "O empreendedorismo estratégico na viragem do século XXI : a relevância dos estudos empiricos." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11296.
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Mestrado em Ciências EmpresariaisO empreendedorismo estratégico é um conceito que ganha força no princípio do século XXI. As organizações deparam-se nesse período com um ambiente competitivo altamente volátil, sem regra e onde as previsões são altamente especulativas. Os métodos, processos e estratégias utilizadas até então já não servem as organizações e há uma procura por novas formas de competir e de criar valor. O empreendedorismo estratégico dá os primeiros passos neste enquadramento, num esforço entre o desenvolvimento de recursos internos das organizações ao mesmo tempo que se exploram novas fontes de vantagens competitivas. Este estudo procura estabelecer um confronte entre o modo como literatura teórica o tem desenvolvido e como os estudos empíricos o têm analisado nas organizações. Este trabalho contribui para uma visão mais assertiva sobre que tipo de organizações que incorporam o empreendedorismo estratégico na sua gestão diária e qual o foco da sua aplicação.
Corporate Entrepreneurship is a concept that is created in the beginning of the 21th century. Organizations have faced, in that period an extremely competitive environment, highly changeable, with no rules and where predictions were extremely speculative. Methods, processes and strategies used by then have become inadequate with organizations needs and goals, it was exploration period of new ways to compete and to create wealth. Corporate entrepreneurship arises in this framework in an effort between the exploitation of firm?s internal resources and the exploration of new sources of competitive advantages. This paper aims to confront theoretical literature and its development with empirical studies that focus on organizations entrepreneurship management. This study contributes for a more assertive vision about the type of organizations that incorporate strategic entrepreneurship in its daily management and what the focus of their application.
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Santos, José André K. dos. "Factores que influenciam no sucesso das PME em Portugal: o caso de Lisboa." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/21017.
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Este trabalho tem como objectivo estudar alguns dos factores referidos na literatura como determinantes para o sucesso das PME. As variáveis explicativas usadas foram o custo com pessoal, idade da empresa, acesso ao financiamento, inovação e capital de risco. Para este efeito foram utilizados três modelos de regressão linear múltipla (variação anual das vendas, variação anual dos resultados líquidos e variação anual do turnover). Os resultados do estudo resultam de uma recolha de dados proveniente das PME Portuguesas de todos os sectores de actividade que constam na base de dados da SABI. Os resultados não são inteiramente consistentes com os existentes na investigação internacional realizada. No primeiro modelo os determinantes do sucesso foram: o custo com pessoal, o financiamento e a inovação. No segundo modelo os factores que parecem influenciar no sucesso foram: o custo com pessoal, a idade e o capital de risco. Finalmente no terceiro modelo apenas a inovação influencia positivamente o sucesso. - ABSTRACT: This study aims to examine some factors mentioned in the literature as criticai to the success of SMEs. The explanatory variables are the cost of personnel, firm age, access to finance, innovation and venture capital. To this effect will be used three models of multiple linear regression (annual sales, annual growth of net profit and annual turnover). The study's findings stem from a collection of data from the Portuguese SMEs in all sectors of activity listed in the SABI database. The results are not entirely consistent with the existing results in international research. ln the first model the determinants of success are: personnel cost, financing and innovation. For the second model the factors that influence success are: staff costs, age and risk capital. Finally, on the third model the success is only positively influenced by innovation.
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Ferreiro, Sofia Borges. "O software de gestão hoteleira em resorts: o caso do Complexo Bávaro do Grupo Iberostar." Master's thesis, Escola Superior de Hotelaria e Turismo do Estoril, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/2405.
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No capítulo I aborda-se a estratégia hoteleira adoptada por hotéis para que se compreenda a perspectiva e visão de uma adequada e estratégica gestão hoteleira. Para isso, é necessário distinguir dois diferentes tipos de hotéis existentes no mercado hoteleiro, nomeadamente os hotéis de cidade e hotéis de resort. A partir das respectivas caracterizações e enquadramentos em ambientes distintos, percebe-se agora as necessidades específicas de cada um para uma aplicação de software apropriada e adaptada às suas especificidades.
Seguidamente, no capítulo II é analisada a inovação tecnológica e a sua importância e influência sobre a gestão hoteleira. De um ponto de vista geral, cada estratégia hoteleira tem objectivos específicos, com vista à maximização dos lucros através de uma elevada taxa de clientela e de uma rentabilização dos recursos. Estes objectivos são apenas atingidos quando se recorre ao auxílio de ferramentas de software de gestão hoteleira, adaptado a cada unidade hoteleira e às suas necessidades.
Por outro lado, são abordadas as variantes relacionadas com o software de gestão hoteleira, como o Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) e o Property Management System (PMS), ambas importantes ferramentas para optimizar os diferentes departamentos, conectando eficazmente recursos e serviços numa plataforma única de partilha de informação.
Em seguida, as inovações tecnológicas são ainda decompostas noutros componentes essenciais na gestão hoteleira como os e-services e as interfaces. Os e-services são, por um lado, um perfeito exemplo das inovações tecnológicas na hotelaria que se traduz nos dispositivos electrónicos dos quartos de hotel com ligação à Internet, adicionando um valor acrescentado à qualidade dos serviços. Por outro lado, serão aqui analisadas as interfaces como um instrumento relevante à aptidão e comunicação interna e externa entre os diferentes departamentos e hotéis. De facto, as interfaces permitem a partilha de informação interna, o que agiliza a gestão hoteleira.
Este meio inovador das tecnologias da informação é decisivo para o sucesso de uma unidade hoteleira, visto que melhora a capacidade de resposta aos serviços requeridos e reduz a incidência de erros. As interfaces são bastante úteis para grandes unidades hoteleiras como os resorts, onde não existe um sistema hoteleiro integrado, pois através da partilha de informação instantânea, permitem gerir eficazmente os diferentes departamentos, muitas vezes distantes uns dos outros e de difícil acesso.
Finalmente, o capítulo III incide especificamente sobre o estudo caso desta dissertação, nomeadamente o Complexo Bávaro do Grupo Hoteleiro Iberostar. Neste capítulo, são analisadas as premissas das quais se parte para se verificar se estas se confirmam ou não, isto é, analisar a cobertura das necessidades operativas de um resort pelo software utilizado. Pretende-se basicamente investigar se o software utilizado pelo Complexo Bávaro, Grupo hoteleiro Iberostar cobre as diferentes necessidades de cada unidade hoteleira, o que corresponde à análise da satisfação dos utilizadores do software. Neste sentido, serão aplicados inquéritos aos diferentes responsáveis por cada departamento, com vista à compreensão dos dados e elaboração de uma conclusão acertada.
Esta dissertação pretende compreender de que forma os sistemas informáticos respondem à gestão hoteleira de resorts, analisando os aspectos operativos resultantes da inovações tecnológicas na hotelaria e assim, fazer o levantamento das necessidades operativas de cada departamento e a cobertura por parte do software a essas mesmas necessidades.This dissertation attempts to understand in which way the information technology systems are able to fulfill the hospitality management needs in resort hotels and analyze the resulting operative aspects of technology innovation in hospitality, thus inquiring about the operative needs of each department and to which extent the software covers these. The first chapter is about the hospitality strategies used by hotels and aims to show an idea of a proper hospitality management. In order to do so, it is first necessary to distinguish two different kinds of existing hotel categories in hospitality, namely the city hotels and the resort hotels. From the different characteristics and operating environments of the two categories, it becomes clear the importance for a software application targeted at their own specificities. Next, in the second chapter, the technological innovation and its importance and influence on the hospitality management will be analyzed. In order to achieve its goals the hospitality strategy makes use of hotel management software tools, adapted to each hotel unit and their needs. Roughly, every hospitality strategy has its main purposes targeting at the high occupancy rates making the most of their resources. These targets are only possible to achieve when using hotel management software tools adapted to the hotel and its necessities. Furthermore, the different aspects regarding the hotel management software are addressed, such as the Property Management System (PMS) and the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), both important tools to optimize the several departments, effectively connecting resources and services in single shared information platforms. O Software de Gestão Hoteleira em Resorts – o Caso do Complexo Bávaro do Grupo Iberostar 7 In addition, the technology innovations are decomposed in still other essential components of the hotel management such as the e-services and the interfaces. On one hand, the e-services are a good example of technology innovation at the service of hospitality consisting of the electronic devices in the guest rooms and represent an added value to the quality of the hotel services. On the other hand, the interfaces are analyzed as a relevant utility for the internal communication between different systems, software, departments and hotels. In fact, the interfaces allow sharing internal information, quickening the hotel management. This innovative medium of the information technologies is decisive for the success of a hotel unit, since it can improve the responsiveness to required services and reduce error occurrence. The interfaces or integrated solutions are very useful for big hotel units such as the resort hotels, because through instantaneous information sharing, they allow to efficiently manage the different departments, many times distant from one another and hardly accessible. Lastly, the third chapter deals with the case-study of this dissertation, namely the Iberostar hotel group, Bávaro hotel complex. This chapter explains the premises used to verify to which extent the operative needs of a resort are covered with the software in use. It intends to investigate if the software used by this Iberostar hotel group covers the different aspects of each hotel needs, corresponding to the analysis of the software users satisfaction. This way, inquiries to the people in charge of the different departments are used in order to further interpret the collected data to support a conclusive thought.
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Jaillot, Marc. "La créativité entrepreneuriale : construction d'une interprétation raisonnée de la créativité au sein des PME." Thesis, Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL2003.
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Cette recherche a pour objectif de mieux comprendre le phénomène de créativité en situation entrepreneuriale. Elle propose une nouvelle théorie pour expliciter le phénomène de créativité entrepreneuriale. Une recherche exploratoire a été menée auprès d'entrepreneurs de PME non microentreprises situées en France métropolitaine et ultramarine. Ce travail s'inscrit dans une démarche interprétativiste de type théorie enracinée (Glaser et Strauss, 1967). Sur la base d'entretiens et d'observations non participantes, nous avons analysé des situations entrepreneuriales auxquelles se trouvaient confrontés des entrepreneurs de PME. L'approche issue de la sociologie de la traduction (Callon et Latour, 1981) nous a permis de mener une interprétation raisonnée de ces situations entrepreneuriales. Les résultats permettent d'identifier les constituants de la créativité entrepreneuriale et de comprendre comment celle-ci s'opère au sein des PME non microentreprises. Cette recherche nous a permis de définir la créativité entrepreneuriale comme un phénomène de construction de connaissances, distinct de l'innovation, dont l'objet est situé dans un espace de créativité spécifique, plus ou moins ouvert, au sein duquel des acteurs humains, non humains et hybrides sont en relation. Notre théorie permet d'identifier la nature et la fonction de l'objet de créativité, ainsi que les modalités qui caractérisent les acteurs en relation et l'espace de créativité. Le niveau d'ouverture de ce dernier prédétermine la réflexion et l'action de l'entrepreneur et cela constitue une des applications managériales proposées dans cette rechercheThis research aims to better understand the phenomen of creativity in an entrepreneurial situation. It proposes a new theory to explain the phenomenon of entrepreneurial creativity. Exploratory research has been conducted with entrepreneurial from non-microenterprise SMEs located in metropolitan and overseas France. This work is part of an interpretative approach of the Grounded Theory (Glaser and Strauss, 1967). Based on interviews and non-participant observations, we analyzed entrepreneurial situations faced by SME entrepreneurs. The approach stemming from the Sociology of Translation (Callon and Latour, 1981) allows us to conduct reasoned interpretation of these entrepreneurial situations. The result make possible to identify the constituents of entrepreneurial creativity as a knoledge-building phenomenon distinct from innovation. The objet of which is located in a, more or less open, specific creativity space in which human actors, non-human actors and hybrids are related. Our theory makes it possible to identify the nature and the function of the object of creativity, as well as the modalities which characterize the actors in relations and the creativity space. The level of openness of the latter predetermines the reflection and action of the entrepreneur and this it one of the managerial applications proposed in this research
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Bleuel, Petra. "Suffit-il de s’inspirer du "modèle allemand" pour augmenter la performance des PME françaises ?" Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR0038/document.
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Les PME françaises et allemandes font partie d’un contingent d’entreprises qui se distingue par une grande hétérogénéité. L’hétérogénéité des entreprises qui composent la catégorie des PME est la principale raison pour laquelle un cadre théorique unique les concernant n’a pas pu être défini. Les PME se distinguent des grandes entreprises non seulement par leur plus petite taille mais également par une plus grande flexibilité et réactivité, une grande proximité avec leurs clients et des liens étroits localisés avec leurs fournisseurs etc. De plus, on note également une différence entre les PME selon leur pays d’origine. Plusieurs rapports ont souligné la différence les PME françaises et celles qui composent le Mittelstand allemand. Ces dernières seraient plus grandes en taille, plus innovantes et plus actives à l’international que leurs alter ego françaises. Ces mêmes rapports constatent que la France pourrait avoir des performances supérieures en termes de croissance, d’emploi, de compétitivité et d’activités à l’international si on pouvait faire éclore un Mittelstand français. Le Mittelstand allemand ne se résume pas à une catégorie d’entreprises identifiables par leur taille, mais c’est plutôt un concept basé sur une culture entrepreneuriale favorisé par l’écosystème allemand. Notre analyse porte dans un premier temps sur les caractéristiques qui distinguent les PME françaises de celles appartenant au Mittelstand. Dans un deuxième temps notre étude porte sur le soutien public dont les PME françaises et allemandes bénéficient et dans quelle mesure on pourrait s’inspirer du soutien public allemand pour augmenter la performance des PME françaisesFrench and German SME belong to a category of firms which stand out from an important heterogeneity. Due to the wide variety of companies which compose the category of SMES, an overall theoretical framework hasn’t been defined. These firms are not only distinguished from large companies by their small size but also by their greater flexibility and reactivity, their proximity to their customers and close localized links with suppliers etc. Additionally, there is also a difference between SMEs according to their home country. Several reports have highlighted the difference of French SMEs and those of the German Mittelstand. The latter would be larger in size, more innovative and more active internationally than their French counterparts. These reports also show that France could have superior performance in terms of growth, employment, competitiveness and international activities if we could generate a French Mittelstand supporting SMEs through targeted measures. Contrary to the idea we have of the German Mittelstand, it does not boil down to a category of companies identifiable by their size, but rather to a concept based on an entrepreneurial culture favored by the German ecosystem. Our analysis focuses first on these companies constituting the Mittelstand to highlight their characteristics and their differences compared to French SMEs.In a second step, our study focuses on the support that SMEs in both countries benefit and to what extent one could draw inspiration from the German support or model to increase the performance of French SMEs
Französische und deutsche KMU sind Teil eines Kontingents von Unternehmen, die sich durch eine große Heterogenität auszeichnen. Die Heterogenität der Unternehmen, aus denen die KMU-Kategorie besteht, ist der Hauptgrund, warum ein einziger theoretischer Rahmen, der sie betrifft, nicht definiert werden konnte. KMU unterscheiden sich von größeren Unternehmen nicht nur durch ihre geringere Größe, sondern auch durch ihre größere Flexibilität, ihre Reaktionsfähigkeit, ihre Nähe zu ihren Kunden und enge lokale Verbindungen zu ihren Lieferanten usw. Darüber hinaus stellt man Unterschiede unter KMU fest, die aus verschieden Herkunftsländern kommen. In mehreren Berichten wurde der Unterschied zwischen französischen und deutschen KMU hervorgehoben. Die letzteren seien größer, innovativer und aktiver als die französischen alter ego. Dieselben Berichte zeigen, dass Frankreich bessere Ergebnisse in Bezug auf Wachstum, Beschäftigung, Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und internationale Aktivitäten erzielen könnte, wenn es möglich wäre einen französischen Mittelstand hervorzubringen. Der deutsche Mittelstand ist nicht nur eine durch ihre Größe identifizierbare Kategorie von Unternehmen, sondern ein Konzept, das auf einer vom deutschen Ökosystem begünstigten Unternehmenskultur basiert. Unsere Analyse konzentriert sich zunächst auf die Merkmale, die französische KMU von denen des Mittelstands unterscheiden. Zweitens konzentriert sich unsere Studie auf die öffentliche Unterstützung, von der französische und deutsche KMU profitieren, und inwieweit man sich von der deutschen öffentlichen Unterstützung inspirieren lassen kann, um die Leistungsfähigkeit französischer KMU zu steigern
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Chereau, Philippe. "Strategic posture, innovation behavior and performance in SMEs : type fit and contingencies : three essays based on the case of french manufacturing SMEs." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1046/document.
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Cette recherche, menée auprès de PME manufacturières françaises, étudie les relations entre stratégie, innovation et performance. Plus précisément, il s'agit de comprendre si des configurations spécifiques d'alignement entre la posture stratégique et le type d'innovation influencent la performance. Ce travail étudie à travers trois essais l'influence de la posture stratégique sur le profil d'innovation, l'influence de « l'effet industrie » et de « l'effet firme » en tant que contingences sur la posture stratégique, le profil d'innovation et l'alignement stratégie-innovation, et enfin, l'existence d'alignements stratégie-innovation privilégiés, en relation avec la performance. Le champ d'analyse de cette relation est étendu aux dimensions techniques, marketing et organisationnelles de l'innovation. Le modèle utilisé, fondé sur le cycle d'adaptation permanente développé par Miles et Snow, explore à la fois les conditions nécessaires pour générer un avantage concurrentiel et la dynamique de l'avantage concurrentiel dans les PME. Les résultats confirment l'existence d'alignements spécifiques entre les caractéristiques entrepreneuriales, engineering et administratives des postures stratégiques de Miles et Snow et les caractéristiques des profils d'innovation associés, et valident ainsi le rôle prédictif de la stratégie compétitive sur les comportements d'innovation des entreprises. En second lieu, les résultats soulignent l'influence distincte et complémentaire des contingences spécifiques liées au secteur d'activité et aux capacités stratégiques des entreprises sur la relation stratégie-innovationThis doctoral research, conducted on French manufacturing SMEs, investigates the relationship between competitive strategy, innovation, and performance. More specifically, the purpose of this work is to understand whether specific patterns of alignment between competitive strategy and innovation influence firm performance. We propose to explore, in three essays, firstly, the influence of strategic posture on innovation behavior, and the existence of strategy-innovation alignments. Secondly, we explore the influence of industry effects and firm's specific effects on strategic posture, innovation behavior, and on strategy-innovation fit. Thirdly, this research investigates the implication of fit between strategic posture and innovation behavior from a performance perspective. The research enhances the scope of analysis of this relationship to the technical but also marketing and organizational dimensions of innovation. Our model, stemming from the rationale of Miles and Snow's adaptive cycle (1978), contributes to further understanding the content - the conditions for achieving competitive advantage - and the process - the dynamics – dimensions of competitive advantage in small businesses. First, results confirm the existence of differentiated alignments between the Entrepreneurial, Engineering and Administrative characteristics of Miles and Snow's strategic postures and the characteristics of their respective innovation behavior, thus supporting the predictive validity of competitive strategy on firms' innovation behavior. Second, results highlight the influence of distinct but complementary industry and firm contingencies on the strategy-innovation relationship
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Borg, Lena. "Incentives and choice of construction technique." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-37285.
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Liu, Zeting. "L’évolution des politiques du soutien l’innovation dans les PME en France : le cas de l'Anvar." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CNAM0780/document.
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La France, comme d’autres pays, cherche à valoriser son excellence scientifique et à augmenter la compétitivité de ses petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) pour tirer plein profit de l’innovation et soutenir la croissance économique et l’emploi. Il n’y a pas, ni en France ni ailleurs, une politique spécifique de soutien à l’innovation dans les PME mais des politiques scientifiques et de la recherche industrielle, en particulier en faveur des petites entreprises, et des politiques d’innovation, dans lesquelles peuvent être identifiées des mesures spécifiques visant à promouvoir le développement technologique et l’innovation dans les PME. Cette étude s’intéresse à la façon dont en France, à travers les différentes époques, ces politiques publiques sont définies et organisées et s’interroge sur l’efficacité et l’impact des interventions publiques dans le développement de capacité d’innovation des PME françaises. Elle se déroule en trois parties, en respectant une chronologie historique correspondant aux grandes étapes de l’évolution des politiques depuis les années 1960-1970 jusqu’à présent. Ces trois parties analytiques sont enrichies par l’analyse du cas de l’Agence nationale de valorisation de la recherche (Anvar). A la fin de ce travail, nous suggérons que la France entre dans une phase critique où des réformes structurelles doivent être menées pour assurer le développement de la compétitivité des PME et de l’innovationFrance, like other countries, seeks to promote its scientific excellence and to increase the competitiveness of its small and medium enterprises (SMEs) by taking full advantage of innovation to sustain economic growth and employment. In France as in other countries, there is no specific policy to support innovation in SMEs but both science and industrial research policies, especially for small businesses, and innovation policies, in which can be identified specific measures to promote technological development and innovation in SMEs. This study focuses on "how", in France, such public policies are defined and organized through different periods and it questions the effectiveness and impact of public interventions aimed at developing French SMEs’ innovation capacity. The study is divided in three parts, following a historical chronology corresponding to major stages of political evolution from the years 1960-1970 till now. These three analytical parts are enriched by a case analysis of the French National Agency for Valorisation of the Research (Anvar). At the end of this study, we suggest that France is now entering a critical phase in which structural reforms have to be undertaken in order to ensure French SMEs’ innovation and competitiveness
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Antonczak, Laurent. "Creativity on the move : how can mobile technology enable collaborative and innovative practices ?" Thesis, Strasbourg, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022STRAB001.
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Cette thèse vise à mieux comprendre et définir certaines caractéristiques et conditions de la théorie et des pratiques de l'innovation en relation avec la technologie mobile. Cette dernière est considérée comme actrice potentielle et nouveau modèle pour transformer les idées en actions et pour gérer la créativité et le management organisationnel dans le domaine des industries créatives. Basée sur une approche qualitative, cette thèse met en évidence trois éléments saillants associés à la technologie mobile. Le premier est un enrichissement de la fluidité des processus d'innovation comblant un manque dans la littérature sur la technologie mobile, la gestion des organisations et des connaissances, et les pratiques collaboratives et innovatrices au sein des PME.Deuxièmement, cette thèse contribue à une nouvelle vision du concept de ba (Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1995) au delà des frontières organisationnelles, et la définition du ba mobile. Enfin, elle apporte aussi une perspective nouvelle sur les travaux de Cohendet et al. (2010) en ce qui concerne le "relâchement créatif" (‘creative slack’)et les notions associées de création et de capture de valeur pour les PMEThis research aims to better understand and define some characteristics and conditions of innovation theoryand practice in relation to mobile technology. Mobile technology is seen as a potential actor and new model fortransforming ideas into action and for managing creativity and organisational management in the realm of theCreative Industries. Based on a qualitative approach, this research highlights three salient elements associatedwith mobile technology. The first is an enrichment of the fluidity of innovation processes filling a gap in theliterature on mobile technology, organisational and knowledge management, and collaborative and innovativepractices within SMEs. Secondly, this research contributes to a new vision of the concept of ba (Nonaka &Takeuchi, 1995) beyond organisational boundaries, and the definition of the ba mobile. Finally, it also providesa new perspective on the work of Cohendet et al. (2010) regarding 'creative slack' and associated notions of valuecreation and capture for SMEs
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Vitorino, Patrícia Sá. "Inovação em PME e a contribuição das redes de relacionamentos : um estudo exploratório na indústria do vinho da península de Setúbal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20872.
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Mestrado em Economia e Gestão de Ciência, Tecnologia e InovaçãoO processo de inovação tem sido amplamente reconhecido como elemento estratégico para as organizações melhorarem sua competitividade, sustentado sob uma dinâmica interativa de aprendizagem. Estudos nessa área temática argumentam que esse processo se estabelece de diferentes modos, o Modo DUI e Modo STI, em diferentes setores e com diferentes intensidades. Esta pesquisa, voltada à investigação das interações no Modo DUI, tem como objetivo verificar como é o desempenho de inovação em empresas da indústria do vinho da Península de Setúbal e como suas redes de relacionamentos contribuem para esse processo. Reforçam a relevância desta pesquisa: o reconhecimento da inovação como fator de competitividade, a contribuição das redes nesse processo, o nível de intensidade tecnológica predominante na indústria portuguesa e a representatividade das PME no contexto econômico nacional. A metodologia utilizada foi a de estudo de casos múltiplos, com fins exploratórios, seguindo uma abordagem qualitativa, com base na realidade de duas empresas produtoras da região. Os resultados mostram que essas empresas têm implementado alguma inovação em suas unidades, sendo as inovações de tipos diferentes e sustentadas por diferentes tipos de relacionamentos. As redes de relacionamentos estabelecidas nesses processos apresentam-se bastante limitadas quanto ao número e tipo de atores envolvidos, sendo eles, predominantemente, fornecedores. Nos casos estudados os relacionamentos avaliados e sua componente informal têm forte contribuição no processo. Apesar dos resultados, é evidente que essas redes de relacionamentos precisam ser ampliadas para sustentarem um desempenho continuado de inovação e melhores vantagens competitivas.
Innovation has been widely recognized as a strategic element for organizations to improve their competitiveness. Such innovation is sustained under an interactive learning process which enriches the role of interactions between organizations and the varied range of other actors that act in an economy. Studies in that area state that this process is established in different modes in different sectors with different intensities. This study, focused on the DUI interactions, aims at verifying innovation performance in wine industry companies in the Peninsula de Setubal and how their relationship networks contribute to such process. Some important aspects enhance the relevance of the present study: the recognition of innovation as a competitiveness factor, the contribution of networks in that process, the main level of technological intensity in Portuguese industry and the representativeness of SMEs in the national economic context. The present analysis uses an exploratory multiple case study and empirical data from two wine producer companies in that cluster. The results show that those companies have implemented some innovation in their units. Such innovations are of different types and they are supported by different types of relationships. The networks, which are established in those innovation processes, are very limited in terms of number and type of involved actors, predominantly suppliers. In the studied cases, the findings indicate that those relationships and their informal component bring a strong contribution to that process.
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Lebrun, Anne-Cécile. "L'innovation managériale dans les petites et moyennes entreprises : le cas d’innovations managériales alternatives à l’organisation hiérarchique dans les PME en croissance." Thesis, Université de Montpellier (2022-….), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMOND001.
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Les innovations managériales (IM) portant une philosophie gestionnaire alternative à celle de l’organisation hiérarchique suscitent l’intérêt croissant des entreprises et de la recherche académique. Leur adoption par des Petites et Moyennes Entreprises (PME) apparaît a priori inattendue au regard des spécificités des PME, notamment leur vulnérabilité et la forte centralité du dirigeant. Le contexte exacerbé qu’est celui de la croissance de la PME rend d’autant plus inattendue l’adoption de telles IM, car il amène de multiples bouleversements et tensions déstabilisatrices, et tend à faire évoluer la PME vers une organisation hiérarchique classique sur le plan organisationnel. Or, la littérature existante fait état d’un faible nombre d’études menées sur l’IM en PME, et a fortiori sur les IM alternatives à l’organisation hiérarchique dans les PME en croissance, n’apportant pas un éclairage suffisant sur ces phénomènes. Dans un premier axe de recherche, ce travail doctoral a donc pour objectif d’identifier les motivations poussant des PME en croissance à adopter une IM alternative à l’organisation hiérarchique. Dans une perspective plus dynamique, notre second axe de recherche s’intéresse à l’évolution de telles IM lorsque la PME connaît une croissance postérieure à son adoption. Notre choix s’est porté sur une méthodologie qualitative pour répondre à ces questionnements, méthodologie cohérente avec notre paradigme épistémologique interprétativiste. Nous étudions trois cas de PME en croissance dans le cadre de notre premier axe de recherche, et deux cas de PME connaissant une croissance postérieure à l’adoption d’une première IM dans le cadre de notre second axe. Nos résultats mettent en évidence que les PME étudiées adoptent des IM alternatives à l’organisation hiérarchique car elles refusent, dans le cadre de leur croissance, d’évoluer vers une organisation hiérarchique perçue comme éloignant la PME de son identité et de ses valeurs originelles. Elles adoptent de telles IM dans l’intention de pérenniser leurs valeurs originelles et leur histoire. Notre axe 2 montre que les deux PME étudiées mettent en place une deuxième IM alternative à l’organisation hiérarchique afin de faire face au nouveau palier amené par leur croissance. Cette deuxième IM est alignée avec la philosophie de la première IM, elle-même congruente avec les valeurs originelles que la PME souhaite pérenniserThere is a growing interest from companies and academic research in Management Innovations (MIs) carrying a managerial philosophy alternative to that of the hierarchical organization. Their adoption by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) appears a priori unexpected given the specificities of SMEs, in particular their vulnerability and the strong centrality of the manager. The exacerbated context of the growth of the SME makes the adoption of such MIs all the more unexpected, as it brings multiple upheavals and destabilizing tensions, and pushes the SME to evolve towards a classical hierarchical organization. However, existing literature reports a small number of studies carried out on MIs in SMEs, and a fortiori on MIs that are alternative to hierarchical organization in growing SMEs, thus not shedding enough light on these phenomena. Therefore, as a first line of research, this doctoral work aims to identify the motivations that push growing SMEs to adopt a MI alternative to the hierarchical organization. From a dynamic perspective, our second line of research is concerned with the evolution of such MIs when the SME experiences a new phase of growth after its adoption. To answer these questions, our choice was to go with a qualitative methodology, a methodology that is consistent with our interpretative epistemological paradigm. We are studying three cases of growing SMEs as part of our first line of research, and two cases of SMEs experiencing growth after the adoption of a first MI as part of the second line of research. Our results show that the studied SMEs adopt MIs alternative to hierarchical organization because they refuse to evolve towards a hierarchical organization because of their growth. The hierarchical organization is perceived as distancing the company from its identity and its original values. They adopt such MIs with the intent of perpetuating their original values and history. Our second line of research shows that the two studied SMEs are setting up a second MI alternative to hierarchical organization in order to overcome the challenges brought by a new growth stage. This second MI is aligned with the philosophy of the first MI, philosophy that is congruent with the original values of the SME, values that it wishes to thereby perpetuate
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Metailler, Thibaut. "Une approche critique, en gestion des connaissances, du soutien à l'innovation par les compétences dans les pôles de compétitivité : le cas des PME en optique photonique du pôle Optitec." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM2003.
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Ce travail doctoral a pour objectif d’analyser la notion de soutien à l’innovation par les compétences des pôles de compétitivité en faveur des PME de hautes technologies. Plus précisément cette recherche consiste à réaliser une approche critique de l’intervention par les compétences telle qu’elle est préconisée par les institutions publiques, au profit d’une intervention en gestion des connaissances (Knowledge Management). Pour ce faire nous exploitons le champ conceptuel du KM en PME et démontrons l’encastrement des process de KM dans l’activité de la PME et l’organisation. Si le lien conceptuel entre activité et organisation a déjà été travaillé par la littérature, nous nous concentrons ici sur son opérationnalisation dans le cadre de la PME de hautes technologies pour soutenir l’innovation. Nous mobilisons dans le cadre de notre bourse CIFRE, une méthodologie PAR (Participatory Action Research) permettant d’investir le pôle de compétitivité OPTITEC. L’intérêt de cette méthodologie vient de sa possibilité d’intégrer les acteurs et partenaires opérationnels dans l’activité de recherche. Nous articulons ainsi le cadre théorique du KM en PME de hautes technologies puis suggérons un repositionnement du pôle de compétitivité sur la base de cette création de connaissance. Deux niveaux de résultats sont alors proposés. Le premier niveau consiste à identifier l’opérationnalisation du KM soutenant l’innovation au sein de la PME de hautes technologies. Le second réinterroge le rôle du pôle en tant que « Tiers » dans le soutien à l’innovation des PME de hautes technologiesThe purpose of this doctoral research is to analyse the notion of innovation support through skills from clusters in regard to high-technology SMEs. More specifically, it intends to undertake a critical review of Competency Management implementation - as recommended by public institutions, in favour of Knowledge Management implementation. Therefore, we exploit the conceptual field of KM in SMEs and demonstrate the embedding of KM processes within SMEs’ business activity and organisation. Although the conceptual link between business activity and organisation has been already covered in the literature, we are here focusing on its operationalisation in high-tech SMEs to support innovation. Within the context of our CIFRE grant, we have applied a PAR Methodology (Participatory Action Research) allowing to study the OPTITEC cluster. The interest of this methodology lies in the ability to integrate key actors and implementing partners into the research activity. Thus, we frame the theoretical concept of KM in high-tech SMEs and imply a repositioning of the competitiveness cluster on the basis of this knowledge creation. Two levels of results are provided. The first consists of identifying the operationalization of KM supporting innovation within high-technology SMEs. The second one challenges the cluster’s role as a ‘third party’ in supporting innovation within high-tech SMEs