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Jansson, Tova. "Studying the Genes of Staphylococcus aureus Associated with Acquired Antibiotic Resistance." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Biomedicinsk laboratorievetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184143.
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Ťupa, Martin. "Polarizační vidová disperze - PMD." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218843.
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Polarization mode dispersion PMD becomes the most limiting factors for achieving high-speed optical transmission. The size of the dierencial group delay between the polarization plane is influenced by many different factors and therefore accurate measurement of PMD should be done in all phases of building and operating optical path.
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Klatzkin, Rebecca R. Girdler Susan S. "Prior depression, PMDD, and pain biological mechanisms /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2501.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 5, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Psychology." Discipline: Psychology; Department/School: Psychology.
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Luan, Xuming. "Experimentelle Untersuchungen des Photomischdetektors (PMD) und Entwicklung der PMD-basierten 3D-TOF-Entfernungsmesssysteme." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964355752.
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TERRA, FELIPE DE SOUZA. "GAS MIGRATION IN WELL ANNULAR DURING PMCD OPERATION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=33699@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
A técnica de Perfuração com Gerenciamento de Pressão está em crescente expansão no contexto das operações marítimas. Devido à complexidade dos reservatórios e das novas fronteiras de exploração e produção de petróleo, a perfuração com Gerenciamento de Pressão se apresenta como uma forma de redução de custo e aumento da segurança operacional para um grande volume das reservas de petróleo. Em alguns casos, a tecnologia é utilizada como viabilizadora, sendo a única forma de se perfurar os poços. Neste cenário, o entendimento do comportamento de migração de gás, quando da aplicação da técnica de Pressurized Mud Cap Drilling (PMCD), permite a elaboração do projeto de poço mais econômico além de contribuir para o aumento da segurança operacional. O presente estudo tem por objetivo apresentar um modelo matemático capaz de simular o comportamento da perda de fluido de perfuração para a formação com a ocorrência de influxo simultâneo e da migração de gás para a superfície, durante a perfuração com esta técnica, com robustez. É utilizado o modelo bifásico Drift-Flux associado ao método numérico Advection Upstream Splitting Method (AUSMV) para simular o comportamento descrito anteriormente. Antes da apresentação de estudos de casos de simulação com migração de gás, os resultados de cenários mais simples são comparados com os resultados de um software comercial tido, como referência na indústria para validação do programa. Através dos casos simulados é possível verificar a robustez do modelo matemático proposto, que se mostra capaz de fornecer respostas compatíveis quanto ao comportamento esperado do gás. A análise dos resultados obtidos permite estabelecer procedimentos para o monitoramento do que ocorre no poço de forma a otimizar as operações de bullhead no cenário de PMCD.
The use of the Manage Pressure Drilling (MPD) is spreading in offshore operations. The increasing complexity in the new exploratory frontiers is demanding for new techniques to reduce costs and increase operational safety. MPD appears as an answer for that demand and sometimes it is the only viable way to drill some of the challenging wells. In that way, understanding the gas migration behavior while drilling in PMCD mode allows an optimized well design concerning cost and operational safety. The present study validates a mathematical model capable of simulating a scenario where loss of drilling fluid in the bottom of the well is present while having an influx from the same reservoir and observing gas migration to the surface in a PMCD operation. A Drift Flux Two Phase Flow Model is used in association with the Advection Upstream Splitting Method (AUSMV). Before the presentation and discussion of the complete PMCD scenario, two simple cases were simulated and the results were compared to the ones from a computer application considered as a reference to the industry, validating the proposed model. The results of the simulations can be used as a base for the elaboration of operational procedures to monitor gas behavior and optimize bullhead in PMCD scenarios.
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Klesnil, Ondřej. "PMD - polarizační vlivy optických vláken." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218547.
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This project describes the fundamental concepts and basic theory of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in optical fibers. There are described basic the relation between Jones vectors and Stokes vectors, rotation matrices, the definition and representation of PMD vectors, the laws of infinitesimal rotation. After the introduction the first conception with bases of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in optical fibers, they have become an important body of knowledge basic for the design of high-capacity optical communication systems. PMD effects are linear electromagnetic propagation phenomena occurring in so-called “single-mode“fibers. Despite their name, these fibers support two modes of propagation distinguished by their polarization. Because of optical birefringence in the fiber, the two modes travel with different group velocities, and the random change of this birefringence along the fiber length results in random coupling between the modes. With current practical transmission technology the resulting PMD phenomena lead to pulse distortion and system impairments that limit the transmission capacity of the fiber. I describe different ways of measuring PMD in optical fibre, PMD compensation techniques and analyse PMD results in optical fibres.
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DIAS, Mariana Fragoso de Melo. "Impacto do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade nas ações de rastreamento do câncer de colo uterino em Alagoas." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18549.
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O Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade é um programa de âmbito nacional que traz a proposta de promover a melhoria da qualidade assistencial nos serviços públicos de saúde e o acesso oportuno, representa um novo paradigma na qualificação assistencial da principal porta de entrada do Sistema Único de Saúde. Este programa é formado por 47 indicadores de saúde, contudo, impulsionou-se a avaliação do impacto da política a um dos indicadores de desempenho da área da saúde da mulher, o qual referencia ao rastreamento precoce do Câncer de Colo do Útero. Pois, sabe-se que a maioria dos estudos realizados sobre a temática da cobertura do exame citopatológico focaliza-se nas grandes cidades das Regiões Sul e Sudeste. Assim, justificou-se que a incorporação de práticas avaliativas de impacto de programas nacionais aos serviços de saúde pública é uma necessidade que se afigura nas políticas públicas. Para tal, o estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar o impacto desta política sobre o indicador de rastreamento precoce do câncer do colo do útero no estado de Alagoas, no período de 2011 a 2014. Para mensurar este efeito utilizou o método estatístico chamado Diferenças em Diferenças e as análises estatísticas foram realizadas através do Software STATA versão 12.0 Special Edition. Aos resultados encontrados mediante as estimações das equações divididas em três modelos de regressão linear, o Modelo (1) apresentou um impacto positivo e estatisticamente significante a 1%, esse sinal positivo mostra o efeito entre o quantitativo de exames realizados pelas mulheres dos municípios participantes do programa foi de 5.410 exames a mais que as não participantes, um aumento médio percentual de 52% da Razão. Ao Modelo (2), a este foram incluídas as variáveis de controle socioeconômicas e demográficas, o efeito do programa captado no coeficiente estimador foi de 5.227 e a despeito da significância estatística mostrou-se a 1%, apresentando um aumento de 51% da Razão. Por fim, o Modelo (3), este foram incluídos os principais desfechos como variáveis independentes, o efeito encontrado foi de 5.049 e estatisticamente significante a 1%, verificou-se que o programa conseguiu assegurar aos usuários a garantia da melhoria do acesso oportuno ao rastreamento precoce e manteve o aumento médio percentual em media dos 50% da Razão. Neste sentido, o estudo apontou boas perspectivas para o fortalecimento da atenção básica através desta nova estratégia consolidadora e atribuiu ao programa os movimentos quantitativos positivos identificados, de forma que o programa potencializou as mudanças no processo de rastreio precoce e que puderam contribuir para a melhoria do acesso e da assistência. Com isso, o Ministério da Saúde espera que as taxas de incidência e mortalidade desta patologia venham diminuir, ocorrendo uma queda das estimativas local, regional e até mesmo nacional para o biênio 2016/2017.
The National Program of access improvement and health basic attention has as the purpose promoting the enhancement of access and care quality in the public health services. Also, this Program represents a new model in providing the better care of the main entrance of health unique system. It is formed by 47 health indicators, although, Although, boosted to assess the impact of policy to one of the performance indicators in the area of women's health, which it refers to early screening of cervical cancer. Therefore, it is known that the majority of studies on the issue of coverage of cervical cancer screening focuses in large cities of the South and Southeast. Thus, it is appropriate that the incorporation of assessment practices impact of national programs for public health services is a necessity which appears in public policy. For such, this research aimed to evaluate the impact of this policy about the early detection of cervical cancer in Alagoas, since 2011 to 2014. To measure this effect, the research used the statistical method called ‘Differences in Differences’ and the statistical analysis were made through the Software ‘STATA version 12.0 Special Edition’. The results found by the estimates of equations divided into three linear regression models, the model (1) had a positive impact and statistically significant at 1%, the positive sign shows the effect of the quantitative tests performed by the women of the participating municipalities program was 5,410 tests more than non-participants, increase average percentage of 52% of Reason. The model (2), this was included socioeconomic and demographic control variables, the effect of the captured program in estimator coefficient was 5.227 and despite the statistical significance was found to be 1%, with a 51% increase of Reason. While the model (3), this the main outcomes as independent variables were included, the effect of the program was found to be 5.049 and statistically significant at 1%, it was found that the program could provide users with the assurance of improving timely access to early screening and kept the average percentage increase in average 50% of Reason. Based on this, the study reveals important perspectives to the improvement of health basic attention through this new strategy in health unique system and gives the program the positive quantitative movements identified, so that the program leveraged changes in the early screening process and that could contribute to the improvement of access and assistance. Thus, the Ministry of Health expects incidence rates and mortality of this disease will decrease, causing a drop in place estimates, regional and even national for the biennium 2016/2017.
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DARIRA, RAVI SURESH. "A DESIGN FRAMEWORK FOR PROPERTY MAPS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1143665177.
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Cha, Cheol Yong. "Structure-property study of kapton PMDA-ODA polyimide films." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/9332.
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Fan, Jingyun. "Lubricating properties of PMA viscosity modifiers." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445329.
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Franciscangelis, Carolina 1989. "Técnica de medição distribuída de PMD em enlaces ópticos baseada em pOTDR = PMD distributed measurement technique based on pOTDR." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259038.
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Orientadores: Fabiano Fruett, Claudio FloridiaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Neste trabalho foi proposto e demonstrado experimentalmente uma técnica para medição de Dis-persão dos Modos de Polarização (PMD) distribuída em enlaces ópticos baseada no uso de Refle-tômetro Óptico no Domínio do Tempo (OTDR) e de polarização da luz. A motivação deste traba-lho reside no constante aumento da demanda por informação e transmissão de dados, fato que tem causado a evolução de sistemas de comunicação óptica para operar em elevadas taxas de bits. Estes sofisticados sistemas de comunicação requerem sensores paramétricos precisos, exatos, estáveis e capazes de monitorar os parâmetros dos enlaces de fibra óptica e sinais ópticos que compõe esta rede. Dentre os parâmetros a serem monitorados está a PMD, dispersão modal que defasa os modos de polarização de um sinal óptico, causando o alargamento temporal do pulso óptico transmitido. Este alargamento aumenta a interferência inter-simbólica do sinal e, conse-quentemente, degrada o desempenho da recepção do sinal. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica a fim de identificar os métodos propostos até o momento para medição de PMD de primeira ordem, também conhecida como Atraso Diferencial de Grupo (DGD). Os métodos analisados compreenderam tanto medições ponto a ponto quanto medições distribuídas de DGD. Ao final da revisão, concluiu-se que, dentre as técnicas propostas até o momento, as que apresentam maior vantagem são as que possibilitam a medição distribuída da PMD ao longo do enlace. Desta forma, não é necessário desconectar cada trecho de fibra do enla-ce para medir sua DGD separadamente, economizando tempo, investimento financeiro e deslo-camento de operadores por longas extensões. Visando este cenário, foi definida como meta deste trabalho a proposta de um método capaz de localizar, qualitativa e quantitativamente, trechos de elevada PMD em um enlace óptico. Para atingir esta meta foi proposta neste trabalho uma técnica baseada em polarização da luz e refletometria óptica no domínio do tempo (pOTDR). Esta técnica se destaca por sua simplicidade de implementação e o uso de componentes passivos, sendo o OTDR o único instrumento ativo. O método proposto foi testado em enlaces ópticos laboratoriais e em uma rede óptica de tráfego real. A técnica proposta é inovadora e o estudo detalhado do estado da arte de métodos de medir PMD em fibras ópticas provou que sua concepção e validação foram ambas realizadas pela pri-meira vez que se tenha conhecimento
Abstract: In this work was proposed and experimentally demonstrated a Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) distributed measurement technique based on Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) and optical polarization. The main motivation of this research is the constant growth of information and data traffic demands, which leads the evolution of optical communication systems to operate on higher data rates. These sophisticated communication systems require parametric, precise and stable sensors; able to monitor the optical fiber links parameters and the propagating optical signals condition. Among the monitored parameters is the PMD, a modal dispersion that delays the polarization modes of a propagating optical signal over an optical fiber. This dispersion results in a pulse broadening in time domain, causing inter-symbol interference (ISI), which degrades the received signal performance. It was performed a state of the art bibliographic review in order to identify the first order PMD monitoring methods proposed so far. The analyzed methods cover both point-to-point and dis-tributed PMD measurement. After the review, it was concluded that the most advantageous meth-ods are those that allow PMD distributed measurement along a fiber link. Therefore, it excludes the need of disconnect each fiber section link to point-to-point measure its global PMD. It saves time, finantial investment and technician displacement through long distances. In this sceneraio, it was defined as target of this work the proposal of a method capable to localize, quantitatively and qualitatively, high PMD sections in an optical fiber link. In order to achieve this goal, it was proposed a technique based on optical polarization and optical time domain reflectometer (pOTDR). This technique stands out for its implementation simplicity and the use of passive optical elements, besides the OTDR. The proposed method was tested both in laboratorial and field optical links. The detailed state-of-the art studies of PMD monitoring techniques proved that the conception and validation of the proposed method was performed for the first time known. Keywords: Polarization. Sensor. Fiber Optics. PMD. OTDR
Mestrado
Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica
Mestra em Engenharia Elétrica
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Accardo, Silvia <1976>. "Il gene plasmidico orf5 e il gene pmpD di Chlamydia trachomatis." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2911/.
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Warwick, Melaneia. "Meaningful engagement : exploring the participatory arts practices of adults with PMLD." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2018. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/d04cc0b8-8113-48db-9977-bab6d7291120.
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Central to this practice-led interdisciplinary research were a group of seven adults with profound and multiple learning disabilities (PMLD). People with PMLD attending day services can face inadequate activities, and this study has proposed that participatory arts can positively complicate and challenge what are often reductive ways of engaging with this community. It has done so via an intervention of visual arts practices in a day services setting and subsequent investigation of what conditions and by which approaches, their utility might constitute meaningful engagement (ME). A definition of ME for adults with PMLD is absent where the disciplines that inform this study intersect and it is proposed here that meaningful activities (MA) can provide concrete examples by which to understand that ME is taking place. The study was based on an intensive intervention of participatory visual arts workshops over a twenty-week period for which NHS ethical approval was gained. Tools used included GoPro and hand-held cameras, paint, charcoal, clay, paper and plant material. The study generated seven cases based upon qualitative data that examined the arts making processes of its participants, including visual data such as photographs and film stills, and written data including questionnaires, consent and capacity forms and a research journal. These were thematically analysed and thick data narratives developed in relation to the primary research question, for which a combination of the film editing and qualitative data analysis software packages, Premier Pro CC and Atlas.ti were utilised. This interdisciplinary practice-led study evolved from the field of the participatory arts and was influenced by the literature on inclusive research approaches and direct practice in Learning Disability Studies. Here debates constellate around both including people with PMLD in research and developing their active support. It contributes to the literature by developing a greater understanding of how by evolving inclusive research approaches, incidences and forms of ME could be understood through the lens of participatory visual arts practices. I proposed practical and theoretical frameworks for working towards ME as sets of conditions and principles, and engendered institutional change by taking the lead from the experiences of expert participants and their supporters in the identification of modes of ME. This thesis was developed in an accessible format as a book of photographs for learning disabled audiences.
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Coburn, Robert George. "How does it work ? : inside a class of children with PMLD." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420166.
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Justen, Detlef. "Untersuchung eines neuartigen 2D-gestützten 3D-PMD-Bildverarbeitungssystems." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962267848.
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Trávníček, Pavel. "PMD - polarizační vidová disperze a vliv na přenos." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218139.
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My graduation thesis is concerned with the effect of polarization mode dispersion on transmitted signal by optical line. It describes external and internal causes of origination of polarization mode dispersion. On the basis of these effects there is a differential group delay (DGD). It is the time delay in meantime within individual modes. DGD results in a time extension of impulsion and limitation of maximum bit rate. This thesis contains localization methods of part of gossamer filament with increased value of PMD by POTDR method. This method is based on the principium of back dispersion and its modifications SOP a DOP. Very important chapter of this thesis is the measurement of the polarization mode dispersion. There are described methods of PMD measurement. It is the interferometric and polarimetric method and the method of state of polarization. The major part of this thesis is about the reduction of polarization mode dispersion effect. This part is divided into two parts. First part is about the methods of PMD effect reduction and the second one is about the PMD compensation. The discrepancy between these two parts is the reduction way of PMD effect on transmitted channel. The compensation use the compensation components inserted into the transmission path. By PMD reduction methods we can solve the problems from the view of changing of fibre or all cable. For better understanding of polarization mode dispersion effect there are simulated 4 optical lanes of various parameters. The simulation output is the eye diagram which provides the view at results of transmission lane. In the final part there is the evaluation of measured parameters of optical lanes simulated in a laboratory.
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Velloo, Ilhaam. "A formative evaluation of the UCT PMD Programme." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28161.
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Personal mobile devices (PMDs) such as tablets (also referred to as tablet computers or tablet pc) have become important educational technology components for university students. Although advances in wireless, mobile technology have resulted in PMDs becoming widely available and less expensive, PMD ownership still presents a substantial capital outlay beyond the means of many South African university students. Thus, there is a need to explore the opportunities low cost PMD initiatives present. Thus far, limited research has been conducted on if and how flexible learning is achieved through low cost PMDs in the South African higher education context, where access to technology and internet access is inconsistent amongst the student population. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of the PMD Programme at the University of Cape Town (UCT). The programme aims to create a flexible teaching and learning environment for students in higher education, through the use of low cost tablets. This study focused on whether the programme's short‐term outcomes, namely, improved mobile technology knowledge, portability, mobility, communication, information sharing and collaboration were achieved. The extent to which the programme's medium‐term goals (digital literacy and access to course information) were achieved, were also investigated. Lastly, the degree to which students believed the low cost tablet was good enough for their studies was assessed. This evaluation found that the UCT PMD Programme plays a crucial role in providing students with access to affordable mobile technology in the form of low cost tablets and has demonstrated enhancement of students' ability to learn in a flexible manner. The UCT PMD Programme facilitated improvement in students' mobile technology knowledge, mobility of learning and portability of information immensely. Improved communication and collaboration between peers and lecturers were noted. Information sharing was not enhanced through the use of the tablet. Students' digital literacy skills increased and access to information improved immensely through using the tablet. Overall, through the use of the tablet, improvement in students' flexibility of learning was achieved and students found the low cost tablet adequate for their studies.
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Zhu, Hui Jian Juli. "Photochemical metal organic deposition, PMOD, of metal oxide films and multilayer films." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61617.pdf.
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Rezai, Amin Sara. "Rôle du transporteur plasmique des monoamines (PMAT) dans le système nerveux central." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC247.
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Dans le système nerveux central, les monoamines modulent de nombreuses fonctions essentielles comme la locomotion, la motivation, la cognition, l’humeur et le sommeil. Le niveau extracellulaire de ces neurotransmetteurs est régulé par des transporteurs à haute affinité,cependant d’autres transporteurs, à faible affinité, peuvent contribuer à la recapture des monoamines, comme les transporteurs de cations organiques (OCT) et le transporteur plasmique des monoamines (PMAT). Récemment, l’implication des OCT dans différentes fonctions centrales, notamment le contrôle de l’humeur, la réponse au stress et aux antidépresseurs a été mise en évidence. Le rôle de PMAT dans le cerveau reste quant à lui encore peu caractérisé. Il transporte in vitro les monoamines, avec une préférence pour la dopamine et la sérotonine, avec des affinités submillimolaires. Ce transporteur est exprimé dans de nombreuses régions du cerveau humain et murin et dans différents types neuronaux. Par hybridation in situ fluorescente nous avons déterminé sa distribution cellulaire précise, dans des régions à fort niveau d’expression comme le complexe du cerveau antérieur basal (BFC) et des régions appartenant aux ganglions de la base comme le globus pallidus et la substance noire réticulée (SNr). Nous avons montré qu’il est fortement exprimé dans les neurones GABAergiques exprimant la parvalbumine, dans tous les interneurones cholinergiques dustriatum ainsi qu’une petite fraction des neurones cholinergiques du BFC. Il est également retrouvé dans certains noyaux monoaminergiques comme le locus coeruleus et les noyaux duraphé mais est absent des noyaux dopaminergiques, la substance noire compacte et l’aire tegmentale ventrale.Afin d’étudier sa fonction, nous avons exploité le système Cre-lox, approche couramment utilisée en biologie, en injectant un virus adéno-associé exprimant la recombinase Cre (AAVCre)dans la substance noire (SN) de souris comportant des allèles de PMAT floxés. Cette étude ne nous a pas permis de conclure quant à la fonction de PMAT dans la SN, mais nous a conduit à mettre en évidence une toxicité majeure de cet outil. Nous avons montré que l’injection d’AAV-Cre dans la SN entraine une perturbation anatomique et fonctionnelle des systèmes dopaminergiques et de la SNr, noyau de sortie des ganglions de la base, induisant des altérations comportementales importantes, avec une hyperlocomotion basale robuste et une insensibilité à la cocaïne, potentiellement par une action génotoxique.Nous avons également généré des souris invalidées constitutivement pour PMAT (PMAT-/-). Les tests comportementaux que nous avons commencés récemment nous ont révélé des altérations comportementales significatives chez ces souris de l’activité locomotrice dans un nouvel environnement ainsi que du niveau d’anxiété. Ces altérations pourraient résulter d'une perturbation des voies aminergiques en l’absence de PMAT. Nous poursuivrons cette étude par l'exploration d'autres aspects comportementaux ainsi que par l’évaluation des modifications neurochimiques engendrées par l'invalidation. Ces approches devraient fournir des pistes afin d’identifier les conséquences de l'absence de PMAT sur la signalisation aminergique, que l'on pourra explorer plus précisément par la suite sur le plan fonctionnelHigh-affinity reuptake transporters exert a crucial role in the control of synaptic transmissionby ensuring the recycling of the released transmitters into the presynaptic terminals. Other typesof transporters such as Organic Cation Transporters (OCTs) and the Plasma MembranemonoAmine Transporter (PMAT), have been shown to transport, with low-affinity but highcapacity, aminergic neurotransmitters. While the role of OCTs in central nervous system hasbeen partially unraveled, the function of PMAT remains poorly characterized. In vitro, PMATtransports preferentially dopamine and serotonin and its expression is widespread in the brain,encompassing monoamine nuclei but also projection regions. In this study, we determined theprecise neuronal specificity of PMAT in several highly-expressing regions. We show that it isfound mostly in PV+ GABAergic neurons of basal forebrain and basal ganglia, in allcholinergic interneurons of the striatum and in some cholinergic neurons of basal forebraincomplex. These systems, highly regulated by monoamines, are important for locomotion,motivation, learning and wakefulness. Our result show that PMAT is located at a strategicposition to control the aminergic modulation of these integrated functions.To investigate the implication of PMAT in these regions, we used the Cre-lox technology, avalued and widely used approach for the study of gene function in vivo, injecting an adenoassociatedvirus expressing Cre recombinase in substantia nigra (SN) of mice in which PMATgene was floxed. In this study, we could not assess PMAT function in this SN but found thatAAV-CRE expression in this region produces major toxic effects. We showed that AAV-Creinjection in this region engenders a massive decrease of neuronal populations in both parscompacta and reticulata, leading to DA depletion in the nigrostriatal pathway. This wasassociated with a drastic behavioral phenotype with increased basal locomotor activity and lossof locomotor response to cocaine. Several hallmarks of Cre toxicity were found in SN of AAVCreinjected mice, including an increase of the DNA break markers. These observationsunderscore the need for careful control of Cre toxicity in the brain and reassessment of previous studies.To study the role of PMAT, we also generated PMAT knock out mice (PMAT-/-). Behavioralstudies that we just started have revealed significant impairments of locomotor activity in a newenvironment and anxiety level, supporting a possible disruption of monoaminergic systems inthese mice. On-going studies aim to explore other behaviors and search for eventualneurochemical changes provoked by PMAT invalidation. These experiments should providesome cues to understand which monoamines and circuits may be affected, that can beinvestigated functionnally and more specifically in a second step
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Kolbäck, Erika, and Annelie Bodin. "Ett liv med Premenstruellt dysforiskt syndrom : - en intervjustudie." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-253663.
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Bakgrund: PMDS är en relativt okänd diagnos. Det är en progression av Premenstruellt syndrom (PMS) men allvarligare och är ibland invalidiserande för den som lider utav det. Prevalensen av PMDS är cirka fem procent av alla fertila kvinnor. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka hur kvinnor med diagnosen PMDS upplevde hur det är att leva med diagnosen, vilken behandling de provat samt bemötandet som de fått i kontakt med vården. Metod: För att kunna besvara syftet så valdes en kvalitativ studie i form av intervjuer. Detta för att få en utökad förståelse kring PMDS och vad sjukdomen innebär. Intervjuerna var semistrukturerade och sju kvinnor inkluderades i studien. Inklusionskriterierna för denna studie var kvinnor med diagnosen PMDS som har varit i kontakt med sjukvården och blivit diagnostiserade med sjukdomen. Intervjuerna analyserades med hjälp av innehållsanalys enligt Graneheim och Lundman (2004). Resultat: PMDS tycks fortfarande vara en relativt okänd diagnos inom sjukvården och en del av informanterna var inte nöjda med vården de mottagit medan andra haft tur och hittat rätt väg på en gång. Det är en svår diagnos att leva med som inkräktar på såväl vardagsliv som arbetsliv och alla mänskliga relationer. Informanterna anser att en utökad förståelse och hjälp från vården skulle underlätta deras leverne. Slutsats: Mer kunskap krävs inom både vården och för samhället i stort då detta är en allvarlig diagnos som behöver upptäckas i tid så dessa kvinnor kan få rätt hjälp. Det är livsavgörande att kvinnor med diagnosen PMDS får de verktyg de behöver för att kunna leva ett fullvärdigt liv.Background: PMDD is a relatively unknown diagnosis. There is a progression of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), but serious and sometimes debilitating for the sufferer out of it. The prevalence of PMDD is about five percent of all women of childbearing potential. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine how women diagnosed with PMDD experienced how it is to live with the diagnosis, the treatment they have tried, and the response they got in contact with health services. Method: A qualitative survey based on interviews was made in order to comprehend the diagnosis PMDS and its symptoms. Seven women participated in semi-structured interviews. The terms and conditions in this survey included women diagnosed with PMDS by and in contact with the health care system. The interviews were analyzed in accordance to Graneheim and Lundman’s content analysis. Results: The result indicated that PMDS is a relatively unknown condition within the health care system. Some of the informants were not pleased with the treatment given. Others received efficient treatment straight away. PMDS is burdensome to live with and it affects working life as well as social relations in common life. Conclusion: Acquaintance, both within the health care system and the society as a whole, is crucial for women diagnosed with PMDS. PMDS is a serious diagnosis which has to be discovered early in order to give these women efficient treatment. It is essential that women diagnosed with PMDS get efficient tools to handle their diagnosis in order to live vital lives.
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FERREIRA, JANAINA. "TIME DOMAIN PMD SIMULATIONS IN OPTICAL FIBERS AND EMULATORS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=10861@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOEste trabalho propõe um estudo da PMD (Polarization Mode Dispersion) para um sistema com múltiplos comprimentos de onda. Para tanto, apresenta uma ferramenta computacional que permite simulações do comportamento do DGD (Dispersion Group Delay) em função da variação contínua temporal. Estes dados são validados através da comparação com simulações convencionais, em função do comprimento de onda. Também são apresentados métodos de controle de polarização e compensação de PMD utilizando o simulador temporal desenvolvido. Foram realizadas medidas experimentais analisando o sinal de potência de RF de saída e a polarização de saída do sinal para diferentes canais WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplex).
This work proposes a PMD (Polarization Mode Dispersion) study in WDM communications systems. A simulation tool for the calculation of the statistics and correlations of PMD-related variables in time domain is presented here. Calculations are performed in time domain, allowing the simulation of the temporal evolution of differential group delay (DGD), principal states of polarization (PSP) among others. Results are validated with predictions from spectral calculations. A polarization control and a PMD mitigation scheme are also presented.
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Mankga, Maphuti Comfort. "Field and laboratory measurements of PMD using interferometric techniques." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/557.
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In this study, the generalized and traditional interferometric techniques (GINTY and TINTY) are used to investigate some of the important aspects of Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) phenomenon in optical fibres. Measurements of PMD and chromatic dispersion (CD) are performed on buried optical fibre cable in the Pretoria Telkom’s metropolitan network. The upgradeability of this network was investigated, and it was observed that just over a half of the fibres are upgradeable to 10 Gb.s-1 transmissions. Long-haul aerial network in the Northern Cape was also tested for upgradeability to 10 Gb.s-1. It was found that 41 percent of the fibres tested are upgradeable to 10 Gb.s-1. Long-term monitoring showed that PMD varies rapidly in aerial fibres and, on the other hand, it is relatively stable in buried cables. Investigations on the accuracy of the techniques showed that polarization scrambling is essential for the reduction of the measurements uncertainties. Furthermore, it was observed that TINTY underestimates the single scan PMD distributions. The study on the effect of the change in mode coupling on various fibre configurations was performed, and fibres showed a reduction in PMD after the introduction of mode coupling. Measurements of PMD conducted in the laboratory on cabled fibre with low PMD showed the floor sensitivity of TINTY. Comparison between GINTY and Jones Matrix Eigeanalysis (JME) PMD measurements methods were performed on an emulator, and the results showed a good agreement in the measured PMD.
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Santos, Patricia Feitoza. "Meta-avaliaÃÃo do programa de melhoria do acesso e qualidade da atenÃÃo bÃsica (PMAQ-AB) em Ubajara-ce: um estudo de caso." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=17267.
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As mudanÃas ocorridas no campo da saÃde atravÃs do desenvolvimento de tecnologias, envelhecimento das populaÃÃes, crises das finanÃas torna as avaliaÃÃes um importante mecanismo para responder Ãs necessidades de informaÃÃo dos responsÃveis pelas decisÃes. Da mesma forma que a avaliaÃÃo se faz necessÃria, avaliar a avaliaÃÃo tambÃm pode auxiliar nas tomadas de decisÃes no campo da saÃde. Diante disso esta DissertaÃÃo tem por finalidade realizar a Meta-AvaliaÃÃo do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e Qualidade da AtenÃÃo BÃsica (PMAQ-AB) que possui em uma de suas fases a AvaliaÃÃo Externa. Para isso foi utilizado os padrÃes meta avaliativos do Joint Comittee (1994), que sÃo: Utilidade, Viabilidade, Propriedade e PrecisÃo. AtravÃs desses padrÃes a pesquisa tem o intuito de observar se o PMAQ-AB possui tÃcnicas que respondem a uma avaliaÃÃo coerente, dentre elas, se responde Ãs necessidades de informaÃÃo dos envolvidos (UTILIDADE), se o PMAQ-AB foi planejado evitando-se o desperdÃcio de recursos (VIABILIADE), se protegem os direitos dos sujeitos envolvidos e afetados pela avaliaÃÃo (PROPRIEDADE), se produz e revela uma informaÃÃo exata e confiÃvel (PRECISÃO). Para responder tais questionamentos foi elaborado um questionÃrio que foi respondido por profissionais que fazem parte do programa, dentre eles, quatro mÃdicos, sete enfermeiros, cinco tÃcnicos em Enfermagem, trÃs auxiliares de SaÃde Bucal, trÃs dentistas e dezessete agentes ComunitÃrios de SaÃde no perÃodo de fevereiro a maio de 2015. Os mÃdicos, dentistas e ASB nÃo qualificaram com notas muito boas o programa. JÃ os enfermeiros, TÃcnicos em Enfermagem e Agentes ComunitÃrios de SaÃde qualificaram o Programa como BOM e MUITO BOM. ApÃs a junÃÃo de todas as categorias profissionais a pesquisa mostrou que a maioria dos profissionais considera o PMAQ-AB aceitÃvel nos padrÃes UTILIDADE e PROPRIEDADE, e satisfatÃrio nos padrÃes VIABILIDADE e PRECISÃO. O PMAQ- AB, de um modo geral, atendeu aos critÃrios de uma avaliaÃÃo coerente.The changes in the field of health through the development of technologies, aging populations, finance crisis makes assessments an important mechanism to address the information needs of decision makers. Just as the evaluation is needed to assess the evaluation can also assist in decision making in the health field. Thus this Master aims to carry out the Meta-Evaluation of Access Improvement Programme and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ-AB) that has in one of its phases the External Evaluation. For this we used the evaluative goal of the Joint Comittee standards (1994), which are: utility, feasibility, property and accuracy. By these standards the research aims to observe the PMAQ-AB has techniques that respond to a coherent assessment, among them, it responds to stakeholder information needs (UTILITY) if the PMAQ-AB was planned to avoid it waste of resources (VIABILIADE), to protect the rights of those involved and affected by the evaluation (PROPRIETARY), produces and shows an accurate and reliable information (PRECISION). To answer these questions we designed a questionnaire that was answered by professionals who are part of the program, including four doctors, seven nurses, five technicians in Nursing, three oral health aids, three dentists and seventeen Community Health agents in the period February to May 2015. the doctors, dentists and ASB did not qualify with very good grades the program. Already nurses, technicians Nursing and Community Health Agents described the program as GOOD and VERY GOOD. After uniting all professional categories research has shown that most professionals consider the PMAQ-AB acceptable standards in UTILITY and PROPERTY, and satisfactory in FEASIBILITY and ACCURACY standards. The PMAQ- AB, in general, met the criteria for a coherent assessment.
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Villar, Díaz Victor Manuel, and Persivale Guillermo Quiroga. "Competencias Personales para un Director de Proyecto Exitoso." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/337040.
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Tanto la literatura del Project Management Institute (PMI©) como la práctica nos demuestran que la exitosa gestión de un proyecto no solo requiere de project managers calificados con conocimiento y habilidad en aplicar los estándares globales del PMI©, sino también es importante sus competencias personales (Project Management Institute, 2007; 2012). Este artículo buscó analizar las ventajas de contar con competencias personales desarrolladas en los directores de proyecto del Perú para el éxito de sus proyectos mediante entrevistas con experimentados directores de proyectos y especialistas de selección de los mismos.
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Hussmann, Stephan. "Schnelle 3D-Objektvermessung mittels PMD-, CMOS-Kombizeilensensor und Signalkompressions-Hardware." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=960293213.
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Zhang, Zhigang. "Untersuchung und Charakterisierung von PMD (Photomischdetektor)-Strukturen und ihren Grundschaltungen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=973567945.
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Fofana, Brihima. "L'effet gravitaire dans le commerce entre pays moins développés, PMD." Aix-Marseille 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX32036.
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En vue d'expliquer pourquoi les flux commerciaux diffèrent d'un pays à l'autre, et de mesurer l'importance relative des facteurs en jeu, l'utilisation des modèles gravitaires ont paru nécessaires. Ainsi, dans notre application de ces modèles au pays moins développés, nous avons essayé de montreer qu'il était possible d'expliquer les différentes orientations des flux commerciaux non seulement à partir des facteurs généraux, mais surout en se référant aux éléments spécifiques à chaque pays ou groupe de pays. Au terme de l'analyse, nous sommes arrivés à la conclusion que la tendance des échanges entre pays moins développés est la concentration autour des pôles dynamiques ; Et que cette concentration est plutôt de caractère de voisinage. Ainsi, de même que les fonctions les plus qualifiées et les plus impliquées dans le processus d'innovation se concentrent dans les grands centres urbains des pays moins développés, il se produit une dualisation de l'espace commercial entre les zones économiques en fonction du dynamisme des pays. Mais, plus que les facteurs économiques, les éléments non mesurables tels que les liens de parenté, la proximité culturelle, linguistique nous paraissent mieux indiqués pour expliquer l'orientation et le volume des échanges entre les pays moins développésIn order to explain why commercial flux differ from a country to another, and measure the relative importance of the factors in activities, the use of gravity models heave appeared necessary. Thus, in our application of those models to less developed countries, we have tried to show that it was possible to explain the different orientation of trading rushes not only from general factors, but especially referring to specifics elements to each country or group of countries. At the end of the analyze, we arrived to the conclusion that the tendency of exchanges between less developed countries is the concentration round dynamics poles and that concentration is rather of neighborhood character, thus as soon as the most qualified and implicated functions in the process of innovation are concentrated in big cities of less developed countries, so that there is a dualization of trading space between economic areas according to the dynamism of countries. But, more than the economic factors, the elements which are not measurable as the relationship, the cultural proximity linguistic seem to be more indicated to explain the orientation and the capacity of exchanges between less developed countries
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Zeidler, Julianna Dias. "Vulnerabilidades específicas de células malignas humanas dependentes de Ras oncogênico: FGF2 e PMA como supressores de tumor." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-23042013-105402/.
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Um passo limitante no desenvolvimento de fármacos para terapias do câncer está na descoberta de vulnerabilidades específicas de células tumorais que sirvam à identificação de alvos moleculares apropriados à intervenção farmacológica. Esta é a motivação central desta tese, cuja abordagem experimental focaliza a ação oncogênica das proteínas Ras. Amplificação ou mutação ativadora nos proto-oncogenes ras estão entre as alterações genéticas mais frequentes em cânceres. Essas lesões genéticas aparecem na origem etiológica de múltiplas formas de fenótipos malignos. Mas, essas lesões oncogênicas também conferem susceptibilidades letais às células malignamente transformadas frente a determinados agentes que não interferem significativamente nas funções vitais de células normais. Nos últimos anos nosso laboratório vem estudando os mecanismos moleculares da ação antiproliferativa do fator de crescimento FGF2 (Fibroblast Growth Factor2) e do éster de forbol PMA (Phorbol-12-Myristate-13-Acetate) em linhagens de células murinas malignas dependentes de ras oncogênico. Nesta tese investigamos quanto de nossas observações anteriores com células murinas são aplicáveis a células humanas. Nesse sentido focalizamos a linhagem HaCaT de queratinócitos humanos imortalizados e seus subclones malignizados por expressão ectópica de H-RasV12; além disso, numa triagem inicial também examinamos treze linhagens celulares humanas derivadas de tumores naturais portadores de mutação ativadora em H-Ras, N-Ras ou K-Ras. Nossos resultados mostram que os queratinócitos da linhagem parental HaCaT expressam receptores de FGFs e respondem mitogenicamente tanto a FGF2 como a PMA; portanto, ambos FGF2 e PMA são benéficos aos queratinócitos HaCaT. Por outro lado, o FGF2 mostrou-se citotóxico para subclones HaCaT que expressam H-RasV12 induzível, mas sublinhagens HaCaT com expressão constitutiva de H-RasV12 mostraram-se resistentes à ação citotóxica de FGF2. Diferentemente de FGF2, PMA bloqueou a proliferação de sublinhagens clonais HaCaT-H-RasV12 em ambos substrato sólido e suspensão de agarose e, também, reduziu a estratificação dos queratinócitos HaCaT-H-RasV12 em culturas organotípicas. PMA foi citotóxico e não citostático, pois induziu morte apoptótica sem causar arresto em nenhuma fase específica do ciclo celular. Em HaCaT parental, PMA induziu aumento transitório dos níveis intracelulares de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS), mas nos queratinócitos HaCaT-H-RasV12, PMA causou aumentos mais altos e persistentes de ROS, o que promove forte estresse oxidativo, provavelmente responsável pela toxidez deste ester de forbol. Entre as treze linhagens celulares humanas malignas com H-Ras, N-Ras ou K-Ras mutados, onze foram vulneráveis à ação citotóxica de PMA; mas apenas uma delas, a linhagem de tumor urotelial UM-UC-3, foi sensível ao efeito anti-proliferativo de FGF2. Em conclusão, células malignas humanas com Ras mutado parecem superar rapidamente uma possível toxidez de FGF2, mas não ultrapassam a toxidez causada por PMA.A challenge in drug development for cancer therapy is the discovering of molecular targets suitable for pharmacological interference. This challenge was the main motivation of the present thesis. Amplification or activating mutation in ras proto-oncogenes are among the most frequent genetic lesions in human cancer. Actually, mutated Ras onco-proteins are in the etiological roots of multiple malignant phenotypes; however these onco-proteins also cause specific lethal vulnerabilities even in robust malignant cells. Recently, our laboratory reported that malignant murine cell lines dependent on oncogenic Ras are prone to toxicity initiated by FGF2 (Fibroblast Growth Factor 2) and PMA (Phorbol-12-Myristate-13-Acetate), which are not harmful to normal cells. This cytotoxicity of FGF2 and PMA very likely follows different molecular mechanisms, which, however, are not yet completely understood. The aim of this thesis was to investigate whether these vulnerabilities found in murine malignant cells were also valid for human malignant cell lines dependent on oncogenic Ras. To this end the experimental approach was focused on the HaCaT cell line of immortalized human keratinocytes and its sublines transformed by H-RasV12 ectopic expression. In addition thirteen human cell lines derived from natural tumor carrying mutated H-Ras, N-Ras or K-Ras oncogenes were also screened. The results showed that HaCaT keratinocytes express FGF receptors and respond mitogenically to both FGF2 and PMA. On the other hand, FGF2 was cytotoxic to HaCaT subclones expressing inducible H-RasV12. But, HaCaT sublines constitutively expressing H-RasV12 were resistant to FGF2 toxicity. However, PMA was toxic to all HaCaT-H-RasV12 sublines, inhibiting proliferation in both solid substrate and agarose suspension cultures and, also reducing stratification in organotypic cultures. Furthermore, in HaCaT-H-RasV12 sublines, but not in the parental HaCaT line, PMA caused a persistently high increase in intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and concomitantly induced apoptosis. Moreover, eleven of the thirteen human tumor cell lines with mutated H-Ras, N-Ras or K-Ras, were growth inhibited by PMA, whereas only one of them was inhibited by FGF2, the urothelial tumor cell line UM-UC-3. In conclusion, human malignant cells driven by Ras oncogenes very likely rapidly overcome FGF2 toxicity, whereas they remain stably vulnerable to PMA cytotoxicity.
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Kraft, Holger. "Untersuchung und Entwicklung integrierbarer Photomischdetektor (PMD)-Konzepte auf Halbleiterbasis zur Realisierung hochauflösender 3D-Messsysteme." Göttingen Sierke, 2007. http://d-nb.info/988364271/04.
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BRAGA, Laura Guimarães. "Membranas Poliméricas a base de PMAA/Poliβciclodextrina para a liberação controlada de Losartan Potássico." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNIFEI, 2016. http://repositorio.unifei.edu.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/561.
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A eletrofiação é um método promissor para obtenção de fibras e partículas poliméricas com tamanhos nanométricos e micrométricos para a liberação controlada de fármacos utilizando forças eletrostáticas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo produzir nanofibras uniaxiais hidrofóbicas a base de poli-β-ciclodextrina (poliβCD) com poli (ácido metacrílico), PMAA, por eletrofiação. As fibras foram desenvolvidas para a liberação de losartan potássico, fármaco pertencente à classe dos inibidores de angiotensina comumente utilizado em tratamentos anti-hipertensivos e, analisar as propriedades físico-químicas desse sistema. Foram produzidas blendas de PMAA / poliβCD nas proporções de 100: 0, 95: 5, 90: 10 e 80: 20. A poliβCD foi sintetizada por meio de reações de policondensação de epicloridrina com βCD alcançando um rendimento próximo a 32 %. As ciclodextrinas são oligossacarídeos cíclicos, compostos por unidades de D-glicose, unidas por ligações glicosídicas α (1→4) e derivados da hidrólise enzimática do amido As cavidades presentes nas CDs são capazes de formar complexos de inclusão com moléculas orgânicas. O PMAA é um polímero biodegradável e biocompatível pertencente à classe dos acrílicos. O sistema de PMAA / poliβCD para a liberação de losartan potássico foi caracterizado por espectroscopia de absorção na região do infravermelho por transformada de Fourier com Refletância Total Atenuada – FTIR-ATR, espectroscopia de absorção ultravioleta-visível - UV-Vis, ângulo de contato da água com a superfície do material, análise termogravimétrica - TG, microscopia eletrônica de varredura - MEV, calorimetria de titulação isotérmica - ITC e estudo de cinética de liberação in vitro. A polimerização foi indicada pela avaliação dos perfis no FTIR-ATR e TG. Por meio das imagens de MEV identificou-se fibras morfologicamente uniformes, com ausência de gotas, poros e com diâmetro entre 250-450 nm. A interação entre as moléculas PMAA / poliβCD e losartan/PMAA demonstrou-se forte (Kₐ ≥ 10⁵) e espontânea. Após 15 dias dos estudos de cinética de liberação in vitro observou-se um perfil de dissolução lento e foi quantificado somente ≈ 30 % do fármaco, comprovando a afinidade do fármaco pela matriz. Além disso, esse perfil foi comparado a três modelos matemáticos, sendo melhor descrito pelo modelo de Higuchi e, foi classificado como difusão de Fick. Frente aos resultados, as blendas de PMAA / poliβCD podem ser uma boa estratégia para o desenvolvimento de sistemas poliméricos para liberação controlada de fármacos.
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Gonçalves, Katieli Fagundes. "Cuidado odontológico no pré-natal na atenção primária à saúde : dados do PMAQ-AB." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/150274.
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O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os fatores associados ao atendimento odontológico às gestantes, a partir dos dados do ciclo I (2011-12) e II (2013-14) do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) nas diferentes macrorregiões brasileiras. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, multinível, que utilizou dados secundários de 4.340 mulheres do ciclo I e de 6.209 mulheres do ciclo II. As variáveis contextuais foram divididas em duas dimensões: socioeconômicas e demográficas. Já as variáveis individuais foram divididas em três dimensões: serviços de saúde, socioeconômicas e demográficas. O desfecho foi acesso à saúde bucal no pré-natal. Regressão de Poisson Multinível foi utilizada para obtenção das razões de prevalência (RP) por meio do software Stata 11. No ciclo I, a prevalência de acesso à saúde bucal no pré-natal foi de 45,9% e de 51,9%, no ciclo II. Em ambos os ciclos, a maioria das mulheres tinha de 21 a 30 anos e vivia na macrorregião Nordeste. Após o ajuste do modelo do ciclo I, municípios com porte populacional acima de 500 mil habitantes (RP=1,35 (IC95%: 1,05-1,81)), renda entre 1 e 2 salários mínimos (RP=1,13 (IC95%: 1,03-1,25)), idade de 31 a 40 anos (RP=1,33 (IC95%; 1,15-1,54)) e que possuem registro de consulta odontológica da gestante (RP= 1,17 (IC95%: 1,06-1,29), estiveram associadas ao desfecho. Já na análise ajustada do ciclo II, macrorregião Sudeste (RP=1,18 (IC95%: 1,03-1,36)), cobertura de saúde bucal acima de 92,9% (RP=1,11 (IC95%: 1,01-1,22)), de 31 a 40 anos (RP= 1,22 (IC95%: 1,09-1,36)), equipe participar de ações de educação permanente (RP=1,14 (IC95%: 1,01-1,30)) e possuir horário de funcionamento que atenda às necessidades da usuária (RP=1,40 (IC95%: 1,25-1,57)), estiveram associadas ao desfecho. A pesquisa traz elementos que podem auxiliar gestores, profissionais e gestantes quanto ao cuidado odontológico durante a gestação.The aim of this study was to evaluate factors associated with dental care for pregnant women, through data from Cycle I (2011-12) and II (2013-14) of the Program for Improvement of Access and Quality of Primary Care Services, which was collected in all regions of Brazil. This cross-sectional, multilevel study used secondary data from 4,340 women interviewed in Cycle I and 6209 women in Cycle II. Contextual variables were divided into two dimensions: socioeconomic and demographic, while individual variables were divided in three dimensions: health services, socioeconomic and demographic. The outcome was access to oral health in prenatal care. Poisson Multilevel regression was used for obtaining prevalence ratios (PR). Prevalence of access to oral health in prenatal care was 45.9% in Cycle I and 51.9% in Cycle II. In both cycles, most were 21-30 years old and they lived in the Northeast region. The adjusted model of Cycle I data showed association between the outcome and municipalities with over 500,000 inhabitants (PR=1.35(95%CI: 1.05-1.81)), personal income ranging from 1 and 2 minimum wages (PR=1, 13(95%CI:1.03- 1.25)), age ranging from 31 to 40 years (PR=1.33(95%CI:1.15-1.54)) and a registry of pregnant women’s dental appointments (PR =1.17(95%CI:1.06-1.29). In the adjusted analysis of cycle II data, Southeast region (PR =1.18(95%CI:1.03-1.36)), over 92.9% of oral healthcare coverage (PR=1.11(95%CI:1.01-1.22)), age ranging from 31 to 40 years (PR=1.22(95%CI:1.09-1.36)), taking part in permanent education initiatives (PR=1.14(95%CI:1.01-1.30)) and operation times that are suitable to the needs of the users(PR=1.40( 95%CI:1.25-1.57)), were associated with the outcome. This research brings that can help managers, professionals and pregnant women about dental care during pregnancy.
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Beas, Rabah Fernando Javier. "Evaluación de un compensador estático de reactivos en redes de distribución con centrales PMGD." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/115560.
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Ingeniero Civil ElectricistaLa instalación de una central PMGD en un alimentador de distribución con mayor consigna de generación que demanda del alimentador, lejana de la cabecera y con una importante concentración de carga en los sectores aledaños, invierte el flujo de potencia activa implicando una fuerte dependencia del control de voltaje con el despacho de la central. La central solo puede controlar la tensión estableciendo un despacho de potencia reactiva que mantenga la magnitud de las tensiones en niveles dentro de la franja normativa. Esto disminuye los ingresos de la central debido a las ventas de energía y potencia. Cuando la central es desconectada abruptamente, se pierde la capacidad de control de tensión en el alimentador provocando desconexiones automáticas de cargas debido al bajo voltaje. La solución desarrollada para resolver estos problemas es instalar de forma anexa a la central un compensador estático de reactivos para sistemas de distribución (DSTATCOM) que inyecte o absorba de forma independiente los reactivos necesarios para controlar la magnitud de las tensiones en las barras en el alimentador. Para evaluar la factibilidad técnica de la instalación del DSTATCOM se comprueba que ante los problemas señalados, la normativa chilena referente a niveles de tensión y suficiencia de elementos serie se cumple al conectar el dispositivo. Para evaluar la factibilidad económica, se compara el aumento de las ganancias por mayor venta de energía con el monto total de inversión. Como resultado del trabajo de titulo, se concluye que la instalación del dispositivo DSTATCOM permite controlar la magnitud de la tensión en barras manteniéndolas dentro de la franja normativa. Además, el beneficio de instalar un dispositivo DSTATCOM posibilita el incremento de las ventas de potencia y energía al permitir regular el voltaje a través del dispositivo estático. Así, la central generadora puede despachar su unidad a su potencia activa máxima y con un factor de potencia igual a uno (f.p =1). En el caso práctico revisado en el presente trabajo, la central El Diuto conectada a la red de distribución de Coopelan, todas las inversiones son recuperadas en el quinto año luego del aumentar el punto de operación de la unidad generadora a su capacidad nominal máxima.
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Wiklund, Liselotte. "Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder : A Review of Neural and Cognitive Changes in Women with PMDD." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-14302.
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Around 3-8% of all women in reproductive age suffer from premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) which disenables them to live an ordinary life during the luteal phase (premenstrual phase) of the menstrual cycle. Throughout the premenstrual phase these women experience emotional, cognitive and physiological changes. Hitherto, the etiology of this disorder is unknown. Some consider the source of this state as non-biological, claiming that PMDD is a social construction imbedded in gender roles, that suggests that women should not show aggressive behavior or depressive mood unless it is during the premenstrual stage. Contradictory, research made in cognitive neuroscience claim that the origin is biological. It is assumed that the increased symptoms in women with PMDD is a result from dysfunctional sensitivity for the progesterone metabolite allopregnanolone that has a receptor in the GABAA system, hence, producing an anxious effect from high levels of allopregnanolone instead of the expected sedative, soothing effects. Research suggest that structural and functional changes occur in brain areas such as the hippocampus, parahippocampus, amygdala, cerebellum as well as in brainderived neurotrophic factor which is important for brain plasticity, growth and survival of neurons. Cognitive behaviors such as anticipation for negative stimuli, working memory and lack of cognitive control also seem to be affected by PMDD. Nonetheless, the evidence is inconsistent, the area of research face multiple issues in regards to study designs, hence making generalization at this point difficult. In sum, this essay reviews recent studies conducted in neuroscience of cognitive changes in women with PMDD, with focus on functional, structural and behavioral changes between the phases of the cycle.
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Matos, Tatiana Guimarães de Freitas. "Mecanismos anti-proliferativos disparados por FGF2 e éster de forbol em células de camundongos tranformadas por Ras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-23112007-105248/.
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Mutações com ganho de função do proto-oncogene Ras se encontram entre umas das mais freqüentes modificações em cânceres humanos, além disso, tumores com esses caracterísitcas possuem, em geral, mau prognóstico. O objetivo inicial desta tese foi estudar novos mecanismos anti-proliferativos disparados por dois agentesmitogênicos, FGF2 (\"Fibroblast Growth Factor 2\") e PMA (\"Phorbol-12-Myristate-13-Acetate\", (um diéster de forbol), sobre células de camundongos transformadas por Ras e refratárias a apoptose. Para isso utilizamos duas linhagens celulares: uma linhagem naturalmente trtansformada por uma ampliação do gene K-Ras, que é derivada de um tumor de córtex adreno-cortical de camundongo e é denominada Y1, e uma sublinhagem derivada de Balb/c-3T3, transformada em laboratório com o oncogene H-RasV12 humano. A fim de se elucidar o mecanismo de ação de FGF2, foram selecionadas e caracterizadas múltiplas sublinhagens clonais resistentes a FGF2, derivadas das linhagens parentais Y1 e B61. Mostramos assim, que o FGF2 exerce um forte efeito negativo, de forma que os clones resistentes ao mesmo tendem a perder aos altos níveis de expressão da proteína Ras. Mostramos ainda que esses células passam a ser dependentes de FGF2 para crescer em cultura, perdem a capacidade de crescimento em suspensão e são menos tumorigênicas quando comparadas às células parentais. Em uma segunda etapa, caracterizamos o efeito citotóxico de PMA sobre células transformadas por Ras, e vimos que esse efeito é mais acentuado para células transformadas por K-Ras, mas é nulo sobre células imortalizadas não tumorigênicas. Mostramos ainda que esse efeito passa pela ativação da via de PKC. A inibição da proliferação por PMA se deve, ao menos parcialmente, à indução de senescência nessas células. De forma semelhante ao que foi para o estudo com FGF2, foram selecionados clones resistentes a PMA, derivados de Y1. Os clones obtidos se mostraram muito instáveis, pouco resistentes a PMA e dependentes de FGF2 para crescer. Todos os clones testados se mostram tumorigênicos, entretanto, apresentaram maior tempo de latência, estaticamente diferente da célula parental, Y1. Assim, neste trabalho, mostramos que duas substâncias, com caráter mitogênico e potencialmente oncogênico, são capazes de inibir seletivamente a proliferação de células transformadas por Ras, uma vez que elas não têm efeito sobre células não transformadas. Desvendar os mecanismos que causam a citotoxidade dessas substâncias deve trazer informações relevantes com possibilidades de impacto em terapia de tumores dependentes dos oncogenes Ras.Amplification and gain of function mutations in ras proto-oncogenes are frequent genetic lesions in human cancers of bad prognostic. This thesis aimed to investigate novel anti-proliferative mechanisms induced by two mitogens, FGF2 (\"Fibroblast Growth Factor 2\") and PMA (\"Phorbol-12-Myristate-13-Acetate\", a phorbol diester), in murine cell lines transformed by ras and resistant to apoptosis. To this end, we took two different mouse malignant cell lines: Y1, a cell line derived from an adrenal tumor, naturally transformed by K-ras amplification and another one, 3T3-B61, obtained by transformation of Balb-3T3 fibroblasts with the H-rasV12 oncogene. To elucidate FGF2 mechanisms of action, we selected, isolated and characterized clonal sublines resistant to FGF2 from both Y1 and 3T3-B61 parental lines. FGF2-resistant clones are rare normal-like revertant sublines that no longer display Ras over expression, dependent on FGF2 for growth, do not grow in suspension cultures and exhibit low tumorigenicity in Nude mice. These results show that FGF2 exerts a strong selective pressure against ras-transformed cells, inducing senescence and irreversibly blocking proliferation. Differently from FGF2 , PMA citotoxic effect is completely dependent on PKC activity. In addition, PMA is highly toxic to K-Ras transformed Y1 cells, poorly toxic to H-Ras-transformed 3T3-B61 cells and not toxic to immortalized non tumorigenic cell lines. Attempts to select PMA-resistant cells fropm Y1 parental line have yielded very rare, highly clonal sublines, dependent on FGF2 for proliferation. In conclusion, two mitogens, FGF2 and PMA, can selectively inhibit Ras-driven proliferation, a phenomenon of great interest for biology and therapy of tumors dependent on ras oncogenes.
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Tobias, Edward Spencer. "PMA-stimulated protein kinases and the regulation of transfected glucagon receptors." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264152.
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Müller, Alexander. "Selbstreferenzierendes personalisiertes miniaturisiertes Dosimeter (PMD) zur Bestimmung individueller Belastungs-Beanspruchungs-Beziehungen." Ilmenau Univ.-Verl, 2009. http://d-nb.info/997424346/04.
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Chawbah, Myrna. "L’organisation des fantasmes originaires chez des enfants issus de la PMA." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD107.
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La procréation médicalement assistée est résultante d’une histoire embrouillée de stérilité, de désir d’enfant. Elle aurait de même ses répercussions sur le couple et l’enfant conçu par une dissociation entre l’acte sexuel parental et l’acte de procréation, par le fait d’avoir d’un coup trois triplés et par les embarras parentaux face à une situation inédite. Bien entendu le fantasme de scène primitive de cet enfant et dont dérivent les autres fantasmes : fantasme de séduction et fantasme de castration est sujet de recherches assidus : D’où je viens ? Comment j’ai été conçu ? Ce mode de conception où l’acte sexuel parental fait défaut influencerait directement la structur+ation œdipienne et l’organisation des fantasmes originaires de cet enfant ? Nous essaierons alors de repérer la fantasmatisation de cet enfant issu de la PMA, protocole FIV, et ses effets sur l’organisation œdipienne et naturellement à travers l’approche psychanalytique qui s’impose par l’étude de cas de 9 triplés (4 garçons et cinq filles ayant l’âge de la latence) issu de ce mode de procréation. Nous avons organisé notre étude de cas dans une démarche qui commence par le recueil des éléments anamnestiques et poursuivis par la passation de deux épreuves projectives: Family Aperception Test (FAT) et la Thematic Aperception Test (TAT)The Medically Assisted Procreation results from a case complicated by sterility and the desire to have a child. It has its repercussions on the couple and the child conceived by dissociation between the parental sexual act and the procreation act, by the fact of having three triplets at once and the parents’ perplexity towards this all new situation. Of course this child’s primal scene fantasy which the other fantasies derive : seduction fantasy and the castration fantasy is the subject of assiduous researches: Where do I come from? How was I conceived? This mode of conception where the parental sexual act has failed will directly impact the oedipal structuration and organization of the original fantasies of the child. We will try to detect the fantasmatization of this child issued by the MAP and its effects of the oedipal organization and naturally through the psychoanalytical approach imposed throughout the case study of 9 triplets (4 boys and 5 girls of latency age) issued by this procreation mode. We organized our case study through a method that starts with the collection of anamnestic elements and continues after passing two projective tests: Family Aperception Test (FAT) and the Thematic Aperception Test (TAT)
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Löfgren, Magnus. "Behavioral effects of female sex steroid hormones : models of PMS and PMDD in Wistar rats." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Obstetrik och gynekologi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-22557.
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Background Animal models can be used to mimic human conditions of psychopathology, and also as pre-clinical models to evaluate candidate drugs. With hormonal treatment it is possible to produce behavior in the rat which corresponds to the mental symptoms of pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS), and pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). PMS affects 25-30 % of all women in fertile age and 3-8% are diagnosed with the more severe condition PMDD. The cardinal mental symptoms are; irritability, mood-swings, depression, anxiety, fatigue, insomnia, difficulties with concentration and memory and learning difficulties. The symptoms of PMS/PMDD occur in the luteal phase in conjunction with increasing concentrations of progesterone (P4) and P4-metabolites. In anovulatory cycles the symptoms are absent. The hormones which produce the monthly reoccurring negative symptoms on mood are foremost the neuroactive metabolites; allopregnanolone (ALLO) and tetrahydro-deoxycorticosterone (THDOC). ALLO is produced by the corpus luteum, but can also be synthesized in the brain, both ALLO and THDOC can also be released from the adrenal cortex during stress. These steroids are active on the inhibitory GABA neurotransmitter system through the GABAA receptor, and the effects are similar to that of alcohol and benzodiazepines. These steroids have strong sedative and hypnotic effects. A paradox is that some individuals seem to react with negative mood on sex steroids while all fertile women have the cyclical steroid changes during the menstrual cycle. Some individuals are more sensitive to neuroactive steroids with influences of personality, heritability and stress factors. Aims The thesis aims were to develop pre-clinical animal models of PMS/PMDD and to investigate induction of ALLO tolerance, individual sensitivity to neurosteroids and the interactions between chronic social stress and neurosteroids. Methods In these studies male and female Wistar rats were used to test steroid hormone effects on learning and memory and behaviors analogous to negative mood symptoms. This was accomplished through hormonal treatment and a subsequent withdrawal period from P4 (P4) + estradiol (E2) (PEWD), or ALLO. To assess tolerance, memory and learning in the Morris water maze (MWM) was studied. Anxiety-like behaviors were tested with the elevated plus maze (EPM), open field test (OFT), and the intruder test (IT). The EPM or OFT was used to classify the rats as high or low responders on risk-taking and explorative behavior (HR/LR). For social ranking order assessment the tube test (TT) and food competition test (FCT) were used. Chronic social stress was accomplished through co-habituation with two older rats (chronic subordination stress). In female rats the estrous cycle followed using staining of vaginal smears. Concentration of corticosterone (CORT) was measured by radio-immuno-assay (RIA). Results In the MWM ALLO pre-treatment produced tolerance to the acute negative ALLO effects. Both male and female rats showed behavioral correlations between the EPM and OFT tests, and correlations were also seen in CORT levels. Individuals with the stable trait of high risk-taking and explorative behavior (HR) were more sensitive to PEWD induction of anxiety-like behavior. These animals also showed decreased CORT levels during withdrawal. Chronic subordination stress enhanced the response to PEWD on measures of locomotor activity and social anxiety-like behavior. Conclusions It is possible to induce tolerance to the negative ALLO effects on learning and memory. The animal models of anxiety-like behavior show an individual PEWD response profile where HR rats are more sensitive. Exposure to chronic social stress enhanced the PEWD response. Hence there are both inherent and environmental factors behind the behavioral response to steroid hormones in rats.Stress- och könshormoners verkningar på centrala nervsystemet
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Simmons, Benjamin Rudi. "The PMLD ambiguity : articulating the life worlds of children with profound and multiple learning difficulties." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518076.
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Muramoto, Flávia Tiemi. "Repercussões da avaliação PMAQ-AB no processo de trabalho das equipes de Saúde da Família." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-26012018-104209/.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as repercussões da avaliação PMAQ-AB no processo de trabalho das equipes de saúde da família avaliadas. Para abordar esse objeto, utilizou-se como referencial teórico o processo de trabalho em saúde e a avaliação dos serviços de saúde no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), situando o Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB). Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, na forma de estudo de caso, realizado no Departamento Regional de Saúde V - Barretos (DRS-V), cuja amostra foi constituída por dez profissionais. As entrevistas foram semiestruturadas e realizadas no local de trabalho. A análise das entrevistas seguiu a análise de conteúdo temática de Bardin. Tomou-se como referência o trabalho e o processo de trabalho, segundo Marx e Gonçalves, e os três elementos que o compõe: objeto, meio e finalidade. O PMAQ-AB apresentou-se como um instrumento capaz de induzir modificações, principalmente, relacionadas ao meio e às tecnologias duras e leve duras como: melhorias na infraestrutura, ampliação da oferta e redistribuição de área. Identificou-se o fortalecimento do trabalho vivo e das tecnologias leves no trabalho da equipe. Os resultados permitiram concluir que ele foi considerado em sua maioria; como uma ferramenta essencial para identificar lacunas no processo de trabalho, induzir reflexões críticas a partir da realidade vivenciada pelas equipes, e contribuiu para melhor organização do processo de trabalho. Os desafios encontrados pelas equipes foram a dificuldade de implantação das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PICs), a rotatividade dos profissionais, a falta de apoio institucional, a falta de apoio dos gestores e a carência em ações de educação permanente. Comprova-se neste estudo, algumas fragilidades do PMAQ-AB, como a forte relação entre o instrumento e o repasse de recursos financeiros, a falta de espaços para devolutiva dos dados, e a possibilidade de mascaramento das ações nas equipes. Considera-se que este estudo, pode contribuir para um novo olhar e para o desenvolvimento de novos trabalhos a partir da institucionalização da avaliação nos serviços de saúde, na visão dos avaliados que compõem este processo, e também para validar o instrumento de avaliação PMAQ-ABThe objective of this study was to analyze the repercussions of the PMAQ-AB evaluation in the work process of the family health teams evaluated. In order to approach this object, we use as theoretical reference, the work process in health and the evaluation of health services in the context of Primary Health Care (PHC), placing the Program of Improvement of Access and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ-AB ). It is a qualitative research, in the form of a case study, carried out in the Regional Health Department V-Barretos (DRS-V), whose sample was constituted by ten professionals, the interviews were semi-structured and performed in the workplace. The analysis of the interviews followed the analysis of the thematic content of Bardin. According to Marx and Gonçalves, and the three elements that compose it: object, means and purpose, PMAQ-AB presented itself as an instrument capable of inducing changes mainly related to the environment and the hard and light technologies such as: infrastructure improvements, supply expansion and area redistribution. We identified the strengthening of living labor and light technologies in the work of the team. The results allowed us to conclude that it was considered mostly as an essential tool to identify gaps in the work process, to induce critical reflections based on the reality experienced by the teams, and to contribute to a better organization of the work process. The challenges encountered by the teams were the difficulty of implementing the Integrative and Complementary Practices (ICPs), the turnover of professionals, lack of institutional support, lack of support from managers and the lack of permanent education actions. In this study, we verified some weaknesses of PMAQ-AB, such as the strong relationship between the instrument and the transfer of financial resources, the lack of spaces for data retrieval, and the possibility of masking the actions in the teams. We believe that this study may contribute to a new look and to the development of new work from the institutionalization of evaluation in the health services, from the view of the evaluators that compose this process and also to validate the PMAQ-AB evaluation instrument
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Catanante, Guilherme Vinicius. "A qualidade dos serviços de APS no contexto do PMAQ-AB, segundo informações dos usuários." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17139/tde-17042018-144128/.
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Na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) predomina atualmente a lógica de trabalho da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), caracterizada pela sua abrangência, capilaridade e proximidade com o território e a vida dos usuários e famílias. Considerando-se os avanços e dificuldades na implantação e fortalecimento da APS nesta lógica, foi criado o Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ), responsável por avaliar a qualidade dos serviços utilizando-se, dentre outros, da participação social. A presente dissertação utiliza como fonte bancos de dados estatísticos secundários emitidos pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS), filtrados por variáveis selecionadas do Módulo III do instrumento do PMAQ considerando-se os atributos essenciais da APS. Os dados foram produzidos pelos usuários nos dois primeiros Ciclos do programa: 717 entrevistados no Ciclo I (2011-2012) e 1271 no II (2013-2014). Objetivou-se descrever os usuários e opinião destes quanto à APS da Rede Regional de Atenção à Saúde (RRAS) 13-SP e seus Departamentos Regionais de Saúde (DRS), analisando-se cada Ciclo em sua unicidade. Os resultados caracterizaram uma APS utilizada por indivíduos majoritariamente do sexo feminino, com idades mais avançadas, de renda insuficiente para manter-se e baixos níveis educacionais. Nota-se que o acesso tem sido garantido aos usuários, com algumas ressalvas principalmente quanto aos dias/horários de funcionamento dos serviços, reconhecimento da UBS em situações de emergência/urgência e contato familiar. Os usuários frequentemente têm suas necessidades/problemas resolvidos nas UBS, porém não costumam ser investigados sobre outras questões além daquelas de cunho biomédico. Há comunicação da APS com a Rede de Atenção à Saúde na coordenação do cuidado, porém com algumas trajetórias dos usuários passíveis de fragmentação. Em ambos os Ciclos, a maioria dos usuários relatou receber visita de Agente Comunitário de Saúde mas não de outros profissionais da equipe. A análise pormenorizada de algumas variáveis por DRS com dados do Ciclo II apontou que os DRS VIII e XIII apresentam diferenças um pouco mais negativas que os demais. Conclui-se, de acordo com as informações dos usuários, que a APS da RRAS 13 atende razoável ou incipientemente aos seus atributos essenciais, por vezes garantindo o que é elementar em sua função, sem atender à expansão sugerida pelos movimentos político-sociais e pela literatura. Faz-se necessário fortalecer e expandir as práticas avaliativas no SUS, tais como o PMAQ.In the Primary Health Care (PHC) of the Unified Health System (SUS) the Family Health Strategy (FHS) working logic currently predominates, characterized by its comprehensiveness, capillarity and proximity to the territory and the lives of users and families. Considering the advances and difficulties in the implementation and strengthening of PHC in this logic, the Program for Access and Quality Improvement in Primary Care (PMAQ) was created, responsible for assessing the quality of services using, among others, social participation. The present dissertation uses as source secondary statistical databases issued by the Ministry of Health (MS), filtered by variables selected from Module III of the PMAQ instrument, considering the essential attributes of PHC. The data were produced by the users in the first two Cycles of the program: 717 interviewed in Cycle I (2011-2012) and 1271 in II (2013-2014). The purpose of this study was to describe the users and their opinion regarding the PHC of the Regional Health Care Network (RRAS) 13-SP and its Regional Health Departments (DRS), analyzing each cycle in its uniqueness. The results characterized APS used by mostly female individuals, with more advanced ages, insufficient income to maintain and low educational levels. It\'s noted that access has been guaranteed to users, with some exceptions mainly regarding the days / hours of operation of the services, recognition of UBS in emergency / emergency situations, and family contact. Users often have their needs / problems solved in the primary care unit, but they are not usually investigated on issues other than biomedical ones. There is communication between the PHC and the Health Care Network for care coordination, though some users\' care trajectories may be fragmented. In both Cycles, most users reported receiving visits from a Community Health Agent but not from other staff members. The detailed analysis of some variables by DRS with Cycle II data indicated that DRS VIII and XIII present slightly more negative differences than the others. It is concluded, according to the users\' information, that the PHC of the RRAS 13 responds reasonably or incipiently to its essential attributes, sometimes guaranteeing what is elementary in its function, without taking into account the expansion suggested by politicalsocial movements and literature. It is necessary to strengthen and expand the assessment practices in the SUS, such as the PMAQ
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Neves, Matheus. "Integralidade da atenção básica à saúde bucal no Brasil : análise dos dados do PMAQ-AB." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/147152.
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No Brasil, desde a implantação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), as três esferas de governo têm sido mobilizadas a buscar inovadoras e apropriadas formas de gestão em saúde. Para o cumprimento efetivo de tais aspirações políticas e gerenciais, a gestão eficiente e eficaz das ações e serviços de saúde deve subsidiar decisões que gerem bons resultados na produção de serviços, deve resultar em garantia da qualidade da atenção e, sobretudo, deve gerar impacto positivo na saúde. O objetivo desta tese foi verificar o desempenho das equipes de saúde bucal participantes do primeiro ciclo do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) de todo o território nacional, na provisão de cuidado integral em saúde bucal. Foram conduzidos dois estudos exploratórios com análise multinível, realizados a partir dos dados secundários do PMAQ-AB. O PMAQ-AB recebeu a adesão e contratualização de 3.972 municípios brasileiros (71,3%), observou condições de infraestrutura e ambiência na totalidade das Unidades Básicas de Saúde (38.811 – 100%), analisou 17.479 Equipes de Atenção Básica, dentre as quais 12.403 contavam com equipe de saúde bucal, de todas as macrorregiões brasileiras. Os dados do primeiro nível (equipe de saúde) são referentes às entrevistas estruturadas realizadas com os profissionais das equipes de saúde bucal e à disponibilidade de insumos odontológicos e os dados do segundo nível (contextual) dizem respeito às características dos municípios e aos indicadores dos sistemas de saúde locais. Regressão de Poisson Multinível foi utilizada para obtenção das razões de prevalências brutas e ajustadas em uma modelagem hierárquica. A prevalência de realização de procedimentos odontológicos preventivos, desfecho agrupado pela aplicação tópica de flúor somada à aplicação de selantes, à detecção de lesões bucais e ao acompanhamento de casos suspeitos ou confirmados de câncer de boca, tem-se que dentre as 10,334 equipes de saúde bucal avaliadas, 29,46% (3044/10334) (IC95% 28,57–30,33) realizaram o rol de procedimentos preventivos elencados. Já, a prevalência de realização de procedimentos odontológicos curativos, desfecho derivado da realização de restaurações de amálgama e resina; exodontias; raspagem, alisamento e polimento periodontal; curativo de demora e drenagem de abscesso dento-alveolar, foi de 69,51% (7906/11374) (IC95% 68,66 – 70,35). Com este estudo, foi possível explorar a distribuição desigual da realização de procedimentos odontológicos preventivos e curativos no Brasil, bem como seus condicionantes e o quão importante é o efeito contextual nessas iniquidades, principalmente em relação às diferenças macrorregionais. A promoção da saúde comprometida com o enfrentamento das inequidades intra e interregionais tem potência para fortalecer os princípios doutrinários e organizativos do SUS, além de qualificar a integralidade do cuidado em saúde bucal.In Brazil, since the implementation of the Unified Health System (SUS), the three levels of government have been mobilized to seek innovative and appropriate forms of health management. For the effective implementation of such policies and managerial aspirations, efficient and effective management of the actions and health services should support decisions that generate good results in the production of services, result in ensuring the quality of care and, mainly, generate positive impact in health. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the performance of oral health teams participating in the first cycle of the Program of Improvement of Access and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ-AB) all over the country, in the provision of comprehensive oral health care. Two exploratory studies with multilevel analysis were conducted from secondary data of PMAQ-AB. The PMAQ-AB was contracted by 3,972 Brazilian municipalities (71.3%), with infrastructure and ambience conditions carried out in all Primary Care Services (38811-100%), and work processes in 17,479 Primary Care Teams, of which 12,403 had primary oral health care. Data from the first level (health staff) were obtained by in loco structured interviews conducted with professionals of oral health teams, while the availability of dental supplies and the data of the second level (contextual) are related to the characteristics of municipalities and health indicators of local systems. Multilevel Poisson regression was used to obtain the crude and adjusted prevalence ratios in a hierarchical modeling. The prevalence of performance of comprehensive preventive dental procedures, outcome represented by the provision by the team of topical fluoride, dental sealants and the detection of oral lesions and the monitoring of suspected or confirmed cases of oral cancer was 29.46% (3044/10334) (95% CI 28.57 to 30.33) among the 10,334 oral health teams assessed. However, the prevalence of performing comprehensive restorative dental procedures, represented by the provision by the team of amalgam and resin restorations, extractions, supragingival scaling, drainage of abscess and temporary endodontic dressing was 69,51% (7906/11374) (95% CI 68.66 to 70.35). Therefore, this study was important to explore the unequal distribution of the provision of comprehensive preventive and restorative dental procedures in Brazil, as well as their conditions and how important is the contextual effect on these inequities, especially in relation to macro-regional differences. Health promotion committed to tackling the intra and interregional inequalities have the power to strengthen the doctrinal and organizational principles of the SUS, in addition to qualifying the comprehensiveness of oral health care.
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Soares, César Pedrosa. "Políticas públicas e a atenção básica do SUS : uma avaliação de impacto do PMAQ – AB." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/179405.
Full textAbstract:
O Ministério da Saúde, procurando melhorar o nível de qualidade dos serviços de saúde oferecidos aos cidadãos pela atenção básica, instituiu o Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ). Considerando que esta política é uma das ações mais importantes no âmbito do SUS, sendo reconhecida pelo Ministério da Saúde como um programa cuja as estratégias buscam a reestruturação dos sistemas municipais de saúde, este trabalho, partindo da hipótese de que esta política está contribuindo com o aumento da acessibilidade e da qualidade da atenção básica, avaliou o impacto que o PMAQ produziu nestas características. A taxa das internações por condições sensíveis à atenção básica (ICSAP) dos municípios brasileiros foi utilizada como variável dependente e indicador indireto de qualidade e acesso a este nível de atenção. A pesquisa utilizou o método quantitativo de estudo, tendo como objeto de análise todos os municípios brasileiros. Para alcançar os resultados, o estudo se dividiu em duas fases: na 1a fase foi realizada uma analise descritiva exploratória em série temporal sobre os municípios brasileiros, abrangendo o período de 2010 a 2014 (1o e 2o ciclo do PMAQ). E a 2a fase se caracterizou por apresentar uma série de técnicas estatísticas com o objetivo de observar o impacto do PMAQ no acesso e na qualidade da atenção básica: a saber, a regressão linear se apoiando na técnica das diferenças em diferenças em um banco largo, a regressão espacial, o pareamento por escore de propensão, a regressão linear utilizando a técnica das diferenças em diferenças em um banco longo e a regressão de Poisson e binominal negativa. (Contiunuação) Os resultados apontaram que o PMAQ está apresentando um impacto positivo na qualidade e no acesso à atenção básica. Este efeito foi observado com mais evidência na região Nordeste, entre a população de 0-4 e 5-19 anos. Além disso, os dados evidenciaram o quão complexo o cenário epidemiológico brasileiro se apresenta, sendo necessárias medidas públicas que considerem o arranjo federativo brasileiro ao formular e implementar políticas públicas na área da saúde.The Ministry of Health, seeking to improve the level of quality of health services offered to citizens by primary care, established the National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ). Considering that this policy is one of the most important actions within SUS, being recognized by the Ministry of Health as a program whose strategies seek the restructuring of municipal health systems, this work, assuming that this policy is contributing to the increase of the accessibility and quality of primary care, evaluated the impact that the PMAQ has had on these characteristics. The rate of hospitalizations due to conditions sensitive to primary care (ICSAP) in Brazilian municipalities was used as a dependent variable and an indirect indicator of quality and access to this level of care. The research used the quantitative method of study, the object of analysis was all the Brazilian municipalities. To reach the results, the study was divided into two phases: in the first phase an exploratory descriptive analysis was performed in a temporal series on the Brazilian municipalities, covering the period from 2010 to 2014 (1st and 2nd cycle of PMAQ). And the second phase was characterized by presenting a series of statistical techniques with the objective of observing the impact of PMAQ on access and quality of primary care: namely, linear regression based on the technique of differences in differences in a wide database, spatial regression, propensity score matching, linear regression using the technique of differences in differences in a panel database, and Poisson regression and negative binomial regression. The results showed that the PMAQ is having a positive impact on quality and access to basic care. This effect was observed with more evidence in the Northeast region, between the population of 0-4 and 5-19 years. In addition, the data showed how complex the Brazilian epidemiological scenario is, therefore, public measures are necessary to consider the Brazilian federal arrangement when formulating and implementing public policies in the health area.
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Tekgül, Hasan, and Yu Khoon Ng. "Power Measurement Device." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för Informationsvetenskap, Data– och Elektroteknik (IDE), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-15407.
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This thesis project aims to develop an embedded system that can measure real-time power consumption of a house and provide information for the user. System consists of a microcontroller unit, a light sensor, RS232 serial interface, battery and an LED. An 18F series 8bit PIC microcontroller was used for this project because PIC is known to be versatile and very low power-consuming. The goal was to get periodic signal from the sensor mounted on the power meter of a house, calculate the power usage and send this data to serial port for communication purposes. The system is connected to PC through RS232 interface as the first step of the project. The power usage information and a simple user interface sent from the PIC are displayed on the HyperTerminal of the PC. The second step was to communicate with a wireless module which is connected to the central unit of the alarm system in a house. This part of the project requires modification of the communication protocol to suit the one that the company uses in the wireless module. As the power source we chose a 9V battery since the system needs 5V to operate. However it is just the prototype. Therefore the power source choice can be changed in future due to company needs. The LED used in the prototype is for testing purposes and it is also due to changes if not needed. As the result of the project, the first step is finished with minimum requirements. The external hardware is built with all the components and the software is implemented successfully. The system can get signals from the photo sensor; the result is calculated according to the duration between two signals; it is sent to the PC via RS232 serial port and displayed on the PC terminal.
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PELEGRINI, Giselly Gianini. "Democracia e participação social no Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica à Saúde." Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 2015. https://bdtd.unifal-mg.edu.br:8443/handle/tede/763.
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O desenvolvimento da redemocratização brasileira foi vigorosamente fomentado pelos movimentos populares de saúde, garantindo a participação da comunidade na Constituição Federal de 1988, por meio de conselhos de saúde paritários e deliberativos. O estudo propõe analisar a intensidade democrática de participação de um conselho municipal de saúde no que tange ao programa de melhoria do acesso e da qualidade na atenção básica à saúde (PMAQ) nos centros de saúde da família de um município sul mineiro. Como objetivos específicos pretende-se qualificar o perfil sócio econômico e participativo dos conselheiros municipais de saúde; caracterizar a organização e funcionamento do conselho municipal de saúde e identificar a percepção dos conselheiros em relação ao PMAQ. É uma pesquisa descritiva e explicativa com abordagem qualitativa a partir de um estudo de caso. O corpus da pesquisa se constituiu de entrevistas semiestruturadas com dezesseis conselheiros municipais de saúde. O percurso metodológico abarcou as premissas da análise temática de conteúdo de Laurence Bardin, mediante a sistematização dos dados qualitativos auferidos. A categorização e a análise alicerçaram-se nas teses sobre a democracia participativa discutidas nos pressupostos teóricos desenvolvidos pelo sociólogo Boaventura de Sousa Santos que advoga a emergência da renovação da teoria democrática hierarquizada de acordo com a intensidade dos processos de autoridade partilhada e da reciprocidade do reconhecimento.The development of brazilian redemocratization was vigorously fostered by popular movements of health, ensuring the community participation in the federal constitution o 1.988, through parity and deliberative health advices. The study proposes to analyses the demographic intensity of participation of City council health regarding te improvement program access and quality in primary care to health (PMAQ) in health centers of the family of a miner southern municipality. The specific objectives intended to qualify the economic profile and participatory member of the municipal health directors; characterize the organization and functioning of municipal health council and identify the perception of the directors in relation to PMAQ. It is a descriptive and explanatory research with qualitative approach from a case study. The corpus of the research is composed of semi-structured interviews with sixteen municipal health aldermen. The methodological route encompassed the premises of thematic content analysis of Laurence Bardin, by systematizing accrued qualitative data. The categorization and analysis is underpinned in the theses on participatory democracy discussed the theoretical assumptions developed by the sociologist Boaventura de Sousa Santos which advocates emergence of renewal of democratic theory hierarchical according to the intensity of shared authority procedures and the recognition and of reciprocity.
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LITTON, JENNIFER GROMMON. "HEURISTIC DESIGN ALGORITHMS AND EVALUATION METHODS FOR PROPERTY MAPS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin981488752.
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Lorensson, Malin. "Diagnostic Powers : What a new diagnosis tells us about current workings of medicine." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-50812.
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This essay researches current workings of medicine in relation to contested, female diagnoses. This is made by looking at the construction of the new psychological diagnosis Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) in Swedish media, and relating it to a current trend seen in medicine; to medicalize women’s underperformance. A qualitative content analysis of 19 articles is conducted, showing that PMDD is constructed as; a biomedical fact and individual problem; a serious disease owned by the sufferers; and as something written out of the women’s self-image as a “not me”. These constructions are analysed with a theoretical framework built around the concept biomedicalisation, which we conceptualise as an exertion of biopower that shapes subjects in line with neoliberal ideals. Biopower is a concept from the Foucauldian notion of Governmentality, and describes power working on micro levels, through for example truth discourses, to make individuals understand and work on themselves as biological subjects. Our analysis shows that biopower can be seen to work through the different constructions of PMDD to shape self-managing, healthy subjects that are willing to biomedically change themselves in accordance with an ideological normal, but that this normal differs from that seen in research on other contested female diagnoses. To conclude we suggest that it would be more fruitful to look at biomedicalisation to understand current workings on female contested diagnoses, than to look at the trend on medicalisation of underperformance.
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MESQUITA, TATIANA MEDEIROS GUASQUE DE. "POLARIZATION DEPENDENT GAIN FLUCTUATIONS DUE TO PMD IN RAMAN AMPLIFIED OPTICAL TRANSMISSIONS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4632@1.
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Este trabalho visa estabelecer na prática a estatística do
ganho dependente da polarização (PDG-Polarization Dependent
Gain) em sistemas ópticos com amplificação Raman. A
amplificação Raman depende fortemente da polarização
relativa entre os fótons de bombeio e de sinal, que tem que
ser paralelas para máximo ganho [1]. Portanto, a
birrefringência é um importante limitador de desempenho de
sistemas de longa distância amplificados por esta técnica
visto que modifica os estados de polarização de forma
diferente para cada comprimento de onda. A birrefringência
varia aleatoriamente de acordo com as flutuações do
ambiente onde está a fibra óptica, dando origem à dispersão
dos modos de polarização, efeito este conhecido pela sigla
PMD. Alguns experimentos recentes mostraram que o
amplificador Raman não só depende do estado de polarização
do sinal de entrada, mas também que o valor da dependência
do ganho com a polarização (PDG- Polarization Dependent
Gain) flutua devido a natureza aleatória da PMD [4,5].
É importante conhecer a estatística da PDG, sua relação com
a PMD e como a PDG pode ser reduzida a níveis aceitáveis.
Nesse trabalho será medida experimentalmente a distribuição
estatística da PDG em fibras de dispersão deslocada e os
resultados comparados com as previsões teóricas dadas por
[2].Raman amplifiers are very attractive because they provide a large and relatively flat gain over a wide bandwidth while maintaining a small noise figure, and they can be made using regular silica fiber. However, the Raman Gain coefficient is polarization sensitive and can be up to ten times higher when the signal and pump polarization states are parallel rather than perpendicular [1]. Usually fibers present some degree of residual asymmetry - because the fiber core is slightly out-of-round, or because of mechanical stress on the deployed fiber - and this causes polarization mode dispersion. The light traveling along one polarization axis moves slower or faster than the light polarized along the other axis. This effect distorts the signal and causes polarization fluctuations along the fiber. As the Raman gain is higher when the signal and pump polarization states are parallel these fluctuations of the relative polarization between signal and pump vary the instantaneous value of the Raman gain. So the Polarization Dependence Gain (PMG) is directly related to the PMD. Several experimental studies have shown not only that the gain of raman amplifiers depends on the state of polarization of the input signal but also that this polarization-dependent gain (PDG) fluctuates over a wide range because of the random nature of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) [4,5]. It is important to know the statistics of PDG, its relationship to the PMD, and how the PDG can be reduced to acceptable low levels. In this letter we will demonstrate experimentally the statistical distribution of the PDG given by [2]. This In this work the polarization dependent gain (PDG) fluctuations due to PMD in Raman amplified optical transmissions is experimentally demonstrated.
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Rabesandratana, Herisoa. "Métabolisme oxydatif des lymphocytes T activés par PMA en cytométrie de flux." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON1T016.
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Zhou, Mingyan. "Structural and functional analysis of a novel organic cation/monoamine transporter PMAT in the SLC29 family /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7979.
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