Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ply damage

Academic literature on the topic 'Ply damage'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ply damage"

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TOHGO, Keiichiro, Yuji SUGIYAMA, and Kazutomo KAWAHARA. "Ply-Cracking Damage and Nonlinear Deformation of CFRP Cross-Ply Laminate." JSME International Journal Series A 45, no. 4 (2002): 545–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmea.45.545.

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Fuller, J. D., and M. R. Wisnom. "Pseudo-ductility and damage suppression in thin ply CFRP angle-ply laminates." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 69 (February 2015): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.11.004.

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Prato, Alessia, Marco Longana, Ambreen Hussain, and Michael Wisnom. "Post-Impact Behaviour of Pseudo-Ductile Thin-Ply Angle-Ply Hybrid Composites." Materials 12, no. 4 (February 15, 2019): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12040579.

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This work experimentally explores the post-impact behaviour of thin-ply angle-ply pseudo-ductile carbon fibre laminates subjected to tensile load. Indentation and low-speed impact tests were performed on standard tensile test specimens. Non-destructive tests were used to investigate the damage propagation. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) was adopted to detect the strain distribution during tensile tests. Post-damage pseudo-ductile behaviour was retained in angle-ply hybrid composites subjected to tensile loading conditions.
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Aoki, Ryoma, Ryo Higuchi, Tomohiro Yokozeki, Kazuyuki Aoki, Shigekazu Uchiyama, and Toshio Ogasawara. "Damage-mechanics mesoscale modeling of composite laminates considering diffuse and discrete ply damages: Effects of ply thickness." Composite Structures 277 (December 2021): 114609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.114609.

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NODA, Junji, Tomonaga OKABE, Nobuo TAKEDA, and Masao SHIMIZU. "Damage Process of GFRP Cross-ply Laminates." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A 70, no. 698 (2004): 1364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.70.1364.

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TOHGO, Keiichiro, Yuji SUGIYAMA, and Kazutomo KAWAHARA. "Ply-Cracking Damage and Nonlinear Deformation of CFRP Cross-Ply Laminate(Composite 2)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Fracture and Strength and International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics 2.01.03 (2001): 633–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatemapcfs.2.01.03.0_633.

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YAMADA, Kohei, Satoru YAMAMOTO, Manato KANESAKI, Masaaki NISHIKAWA, Naoki MATSUDA, Kazumasa KAWABE, and Masaki HOJO. "Effect of Ply Thickness on Impact Damage Modes of Thin-ply CFRP Laminates." Journal of the Japan Society for Composite Materials 46, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.6089/jscm.46.21.

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Onkar, Amit K. "Nonlinear buckling analysis of damaged laminated composite plates." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 22 (February 28, 2019): 3111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319833446.

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An updated Lagrangian-based nonlinear finite element method is developed to study the buckling behavior of damaged laminated composite plates under uniaxial compression. In this study, material imperfections are treated as existing static damage and a continuum damage mechanics-based approach is used to model such imperfections. The laminated plate is modeled as a set of elementary layers bonded together by matrix-rich elastic interface. This allows to model different modes of damage present at both elementary ply level and interply interface separately. A layerwise plate model is used to model both elementary ply and interface layers of the laminate. The effect of different forms of existing static damage on the limit point loads and the corresponding displacements of laminated plates are studied. It is observed that for the chosen modes and size of the damaged regions, the limit point load does not change much as compared to the undamaged plate. However, the deformed shapes show significant changes and some very interesting phenomena like local wrinkling behaviour of the damaged region is observed. The effect of ply orientation along with different modes of damage on the limit points and the corresponding deformed shapes of laminated plates are also discussed.
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Onodera, Sota, and Tomonaga Okabe. "Analytical model for determining effective stiffness and mechanical behavior of polymer matrix composite laminates using continuum damage mechanics." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 29, no. 10 (July 26, 2020): 1512–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789520939624.

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The present paper proposes a new analytical model for predicting the effective stiffness of composite laminates with fiber breaks and transverse cracks. The model is based on continuum damage mechanics and the classical laminate theory. We derived damage variables describing stiffness reduction due to fiber breaks and its maximum value during ultimate tensile failure from the global load-sharing model. Furthermore, a simplified analytical model is presented for obtaining two damage variables for a cracked ply subjected to transverse tensile loading or in-plane shear loading. This model was developed assuming that the displacement field of the longitudinal direction can be expressed in the form of a quadric function by loosening the boundary condition for the governing differential equation. For verifying the developed model, the elastic constants of damaged composite laminates were predicted for cross-ply and angle-ply laminates and compared with the finite element analysis results. As for the appropriate expression of the effective elastic stiffness matrix of the damaged ply, we verified four types of effective compliance/stiffness matrices including the Murakami, Yoshimura, Li, and Maimí models. We found the Maimí model to be the most appropriate among these four models. Moreover, we successfully simplified the expressions for damage variables in the complicated infinite series obtained in our previous study. We also proved that this could contribute toward improving the accuracy of our analysis. After verifying the present model, the stress–strain response and failure strength of carbon- or glass-fiber-reinforced plastic cross-ply laminates were predicted using Maimí’s compliance model and the simplified damage variables.
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TOHGO, Keiichiro, Kenji AKIZUKI, and Yuji SUGIYAMA. "Ply Cracking Damage Theory and Damage Behavior in CFRP Cross-poly Laminates." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A 64, no. 621 (1998): 1160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.64.1160.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ply damage"

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Dimant, Ron A. "Damage mechanics of composite laminates." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338020.

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Hottengada, Babruvahan. "Investigation of Microcracking and Damage Propagation in Cross-Ply Composite Laminates." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2006. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/367.

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The present study investigates microcracking and damage progression in IM7/977-2, IM7/5555, and IM7/5276-1 [0/90/90/0] laminates. For each material system, seven to eight small coupons were axially loaded in a tensile substage. At increments of around 50 MPa the surfaces of the specimens were inspected via optical microscopy so that a history of microcracking damage as a function of applied loading could be charted. In the IM7/977-2 laminates microcracks were found to initiate on average at around 1050MPa; microcracking initiation for the other two systems was around 850 to 900 MPa. Also, the IM7/977-2 system displayed a steeper increase in crack density as a function of applied loading than the other two systems. The IM7/5555 system was the only system that achieved a microcracking saturation density; the saturation density was found to be around 17 cracks per centimeter. While the IM7/977-2 and IM7/5276-1 systems typically broke into two pieces at failure, the IM7/5555 specimens shattered into pieces. In addition, delaminations were observed in a majority of the IM7/5555 specimens at loadings 250MPa under the failure loads.
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Leong, Kok Hoong. "Damage accumulation in cross-ply polymer matrix composite laminates under mechanical loading." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241115.

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Demerath, Brandon Michael. "Low velocity impact damage assessment in IM7/977-3 cross-ply composites using 3D computed tomography." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1583.

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Low-velocity impact damage in IM7/977-3 carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites was investigated using 3D computed tomography (CT). 32-ply IM7/977-3 symmetric cross-ply composites were impacted at different impact energy levels and with different impactors (DELRIN® resin flat-ended cylindrical and tool steel hemispherical strikers) using an Instron 8200 Dynatup drop-weight impact machine. The impact energies were chosen to produce slightly visible damage, characterized by short cracks on the impacted surface and little delamination on the non-impacted surface (29.27 J), and barely visible damage, characterized by indentation on the impacted surface but no visible delamination on the back surface of the specimens (20.77 J). Internal damage was assessed using the Zeiss METROTOM 1500 industrial CT scanning system, and CT images were reconstructed using VGStudio MAX and the MyVGL 2.2 viewer. To determine the extent of the damage zone, impacted 152.4 mm square composite plates were initially scanned. As the relatively large specimen size did not allow for evaluation of internal cracks and isolation of delamination at ply interfaces, smaller specimens that enclosed the damaged region (45 mm square plates) were cut out and imaged. The CT scan results showed that volume of the impact damage zone had a generally positive correlation with impact energy, maximum load, and maximum deflection, but that the relationship was generally weak. Absence of a definite correlation between damage volume and impact energy was unexpected, as the difference in the impact energy was up to 30%.
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Bouscarrat, David. "Time-dependent damage in woven-ply thermoplastic composites above glass transition temperature Influence of time-dependent phenomena on translaminar fracture of woven-ply C/PPS laminates above the glass transition temperature." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMIR29.

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Dans les composites associant matrice organique et renfort fibreux, le couplage entre comportements visqueux (viscoélasticité, viscoplasticité) et mécanismes d’endommagement est très peu étudié à l’échelle mésoscopique et se limite principalement à des analyses post-mortem. Pour des applications aéronautiques à haute température (e.g., nacelle de moteur d’avion), la problématique est encore plus complexe. Notamment au sein de stratifiés à matrice thermoplastique haute performance PPS renforcés par des tissus de fibres de carbone. Ces matériaux sont caractérisés par des zones riches en matrice dont les comportements visqueux sont amplifiés pour des températures d’utilisation en service (i.e., 120°C) supérieures à la température de transition vitreuse de la matrice (environ 95°C). La question fondamentale qui se pose alors est de comprendre comment mettre en évidence et quantifier l’endommagement d’origine visqueuse lorsque le comportement de stratifiés C/PPS est piloté par la réponse mécanique de la matrice. Pour apporter des réponses à cette problématique, on peut évaluer : (1) l’influence de la viscosité de la matrice sur le comportement en rupture translaminaire - (2) le visco-endommagement lors de chargements de type fluage-recouvrement. Ces deux axes d’étude reposent notamment sur la mise au point de protocoles expérimentaux adaptés à des essais mécaniques à haute température. Ainsi, l’originalité de ces travaux est de combiner différentes techniques complémentaires (émission acoustique, réplique de bords, analyse fractographique, tomographie) qui permettent une analyse in-situ en temps réel des mécanismes d’endommagement qui coexistent et inter-agissent lors des différentes phases du chargement. En utilisant le protocole mis au point dans des conditions de température supérieure à la Tg du matériau, ces techniques apportent des informations pour quantifier et dissocier les différents comportements matériaux (viscoélasticité, viscoplasticité, endommagements) ainsi que des effets structures (rotation des fibres). Des analyses d’images basées sur des algorithmes de dilatation/érosion implémentées dans Matlab permettent d’évaluer la densité de fissuration (intra- et inter-torons) surfacique à partir des répliques de bords. A l’échelle macroscopique, la réponse thermomécanique du C/PPS est peu influencée par les comportements visqueux du C/PSS que ce soit pour des stratifiés quasi-isotrope (comportement majoritairement piloté par les fibres à 0°) ou à plis orientés (comportement majoritairement piloté par la matrice PPS). Enfin, la rupture translaminaire ductile est caractérisée par l’évolution de l’énergie acoustique cumulée en fonction du taux de restitution d’énergie. L’instabilité de la rupture translaminaire ne permet pas d’évaluer l’influence des effets visqueux sur la ténacité en mode I du matériau à l’initiation. Aux échelles micro- et mésoscopiques, les résultats obtenus montrent clairement le visco-endommagement au sein de stratifiés C/PPS à plis orientés sollicités en fluage à T > Tg. En mettant en œuvre ce protocole, la pertinence/complémentarité démontrées de l’émission acoustique associée à la quantification de la densité de fissuration permettent d’envisager l’étude du couplage entre effets visqueux et endommagement au sein de stratifiés C/PPS soumis à des chargements à haute température. Cette problématique est essentielle du point de vue de la durabilité des structures composites dans un environnement moteur
In fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite materials, the coupling between viscous behaviour (viscoelasticity, viscoplasticity) and damage mechanisms is very little studied at the mesoscopic scale and is mainly limited to port-mortem analyses. For high-temperature aeronautical applications (e.g., aircraft engine nacelle), the problem is even more complex within high performance thermoplastic matrix laminates PPS (Polyphenylene Sulfide) reinforced with carbon fiber fabrics. Indeed, these materials are characterized by matrix-rich zones whose viscous behaviors are exacerbated for service temperatures (i.e., 120°C) higher than the matrix glass transition temperature (about 95°C). It is therfore necessary to develop specific experimental procedures to highlight and quantify the viscous damage when the behaviour of C/PPS laminates is driven by the mechanical response of the matrix. In order to provide answers to this problem, one can evaluate : (1) the influence of the matrix viscosity on the translaminar fracture behaviour - (2) the time-dependent damage during creep-type loading. These two lines of study are based on the development of experimental protocols adapted to high temperature mechanical testing. Thus, the originality of this work is to combine different complementary techniques (acoustic emission, edge replication, fractographic analysis, tomography) which allow in-situ and in real time analyses of the damage mechanisms that coexist and interact during the different loading phases. Using the protocol developed under conditions of temperature higher than the Tg of the material, these techniques provide information to quantify and dissociate the different material behaviours (viscoelasticity, viscoplasticity, damage) as well as structural effects (fibre rotation). Image analyses based on dilatation/erosion algorithms implemented in Matlab allow the evaluation of the surface cracking density (intra- and inter-strand) from edge replicas. On a macroscopic scale, the thermomechanical response of C/PPS is little influenced by the viscous behaviour of C/PSS, whether for quasi-isotropic laminates (behaviour mainly driven by 0°fibres) or with oriented plies (behaviour mainly driven by the PPS matrix). Finally, the ductile translaminar fracture is characterized by the evolution of the cumulative acoustic energy as a function of the energy restitution rate. The instability of the translaminar fracture does not allow the quantification of the influence of viscous effects on the mode I toughness of the material at initiation. At micro and mesoscopic scales, the results obtained clearly show time-dependent damage within oriented plies C/PPS laminates subjected to creep loadings at T > Tg. By implementing this protocol, the demonstrated relevance/complementarity of the acoustic emission associated with the quantification of the cracking density allows the study of the coupling between viscous effects and damage within C/PPS laminates subjected to high temperature loading. This problem is essential from the point of view of the durability of composite structures in an engine environment
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Orifici, Adrian Cirino, and adrian orifici@student rmit edu au. "Degradation Models for the Collapse Analysis of Composite Aerospace Structures." RMIT University. Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080619.090039.

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García, Rodríguez Santiago. "X-ray tomography investigation of the impact damage mechanisms of thin-ply composites and the use of veils to improve their impact tolerance." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668028.

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This thesis investigates the impact response of novel laminates made with “thin-plies” as well as proposes a toughening method to improve their impact tolerance. To this purpose, we devised a wide experimental campaign combined with cutting-edge non-destructive inspection techniques such as nanometric-resolution X-ray micro-computed tomography. Overall, we gave a step forward towards the inclusion of thin-ply laminates in new commercial aircraft designs
Aquesta tesi investiga la resposta a impacte de laminats compostos fabricats amb "thin-plies" i proposa una tècnica de reforç externa per millorar la seva tolerància al dany (el mètode consisteix a intercalar vels molt fins amb forma de "teranyina" entre les diferents capes del laminat per absorbir més energia durant l'impacte). Per a això, hem dissenyat una extensa campanya experimental acompanyada amb tècniques punteres d'inspecció no destructiva com la tomografia computada de raigs-X. En definitiva, hem fet un pas endavant cap a la inclusió dels laminats "thin-ply" en el disseny de futurs avions
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Lavoie, J. André. "Scaling Effects on Damage Development, Strength, and Stress-Rupture Life on Laminated Composites in Tension." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30510.

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The damage development and strength of ply-level scaled carbon/epoxy composite laminates having stacking sequence of [+Tn/-Tn/902n]s where constraint ply angle, T, was 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 degrees, and size was scaled as n=1,2,3, and 4, is reported in Part I. X-radiography was used to monitor damage developments. First-ply failure stress, and tensile strength were recorded. First-ply failure of the midplane 90 deg. plies depended on the stiffness of constraint plies, and size. All 24 cases were predicted using Zhang's shear-lag model and data generated from cross-ply tests. Laminate strength was controlled by the initiation of a triangular-shaped local delamination of the surface angle plies. This delamination was predicted using O'Brien's strain energy release rate model for delamination of surface angle plies. For each ply angle, the smallest laminate was used to predict delamination (and strength) of the other sizes. The in-situ tensile strength of the 0 deg. plies within different cross-ply, and quasi-isotropic laminates of varying size and stacking sequence is reported in Part II. No size effect was observed in the strength of 0 deg. plies for those lay-ups having failure confined to the gauge section. Laminates exhibiting a size-strength relationship, had grip region failures for the larger sizes. A statistically significant set of 3-point bend tests of unidirectional beams were used to provide parameters for a Weibull model, to re-examine relationship between ultimate strength of 0 deg. plies and specimen volume. The maximum stress in the 0 deg. plies in bending, and the tensile strength of the 0 deg. plies (from valid tests only) was the same. Weibull theory predicted loss of strength which was not observed in the experiments. An effort to model the durability and life of quasi-isotropic E-glass/913 epoxy composite laminates under steady load and in an acidic environment is reported in Part III. Stress-rupture tests of unidirectional coupons immersed in a weak hydrochloric acid solution was conducted to determine their stress-life response. Creep tests were conducted on unidirectional coupons parallel and transverse to the fibers, and on ±45°. layups to characterize the lamina stress- and time-dependent compliances. These data were used in a composite stress-rupture life model, based on the critical element modeling philosophy of Reifsnider, to predict the life of two ply-level thickness-scaled quasi-isotropic laminates.
Ph. D.
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Strauss, Elizabeth Ann. "Finite element analysis of damaged cross-ply composite laminates." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52060.

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The problem of transverse cracks in T300/5208 graphite-epoxy cross-ply laminates was studied using generalized plane strain finite element analysis. The degradation of elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, shear modulus, and coefficient of thermal expansion was predicted and then compared with analytical models and experimental data. The elastic modulus was predicted to exhibit relatively small degradation as a function of crack density as compared to the Poisson's ratio, shear modulus, and coefficient of thermal expansion which were predicted to have large degradations. The resulting state of stress was also studied for several crack spacings. Interlaminar stresses were predicted to form as a result of the free surface of the crack. The crack tip also caused all the nonzero stresses to exhibit singular behavior at the crack tip.
Master of Science
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Tchír, Michal. "Srovnávací studie únosnosti a tuhosti vybraných spojů kovové a kompozitní části konstrukce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241680.

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V současnosti jedna z metod spojování zejména tlustých a vysoce zatížených kompozitních komponent je šroubový spoj, který je možné rozebrat pro případ opravy na rozdíl od lepeného spoje. Kompozitní konstrukce se tradičně dimenzují tak, aby během provozu nedošlo k porušení první vrstvy laminátu, nicméně důležité je taky poznat chování laminátu po porušení první vrstvy. Pro strukturální analýzu nejenom spojů, ale také dalších komponent se používá metoda konečných prvků a protože moderní nelineání řešiče jsou schopné modelovat chování laminátu po porušení první vrstvy, tato schopnost jednoho z nich byla využita v této práci při zkoumaní chování sklolaminátu spojeného s hliníkovou částí šrouby. Konečno-prvkové modely dvou spojů kovové a kompozitní části konstrukce schopné popsat progresivní porušování laminátu byly postaveny s využitím tří různých poruchových kritérií – kritéria maximálního napětí, kritéria Hill a kritéria Tsai-Wu. Problém byl řešen s využitím řešiče Nastran. Křivky síla-posuv, tuhost-posuv a hodnoty zatížení při hraničním posuvu byly porov-nány s výsledky experimentů. Jelikož faktor zbytkové tuhosti ovlivňuje výsledky ana-lýzy progresivního porušování, byly provedeny citlivostní studie zkoumajíci vliv faktoru na přesnost a stabilitu výpočtu. Shoda výpočtu s experimentem v případe prvního šroubového spoje je méně uspokojivá, nicméně shoda v případě druhého spoje, který má zesilující tenkou ocelovou destičku na spodní straně, je podstatně lepší. Vý-borná shoda je zejména při použití interaktivních kritérií Hill a Tsai-Wu.
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Books on the topic "Ply damage"

1

Giles, Gordon Muir. Coping with brain injury: A guide for families and friends. Bethesda, MD: American Occupational Therapy Association, 1996.

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Ferreiros, Estela M. Daño producido por el despido y su reparación. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Hammurabi, 2009.

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Ferreiros, Estela M. Daño producido por el despido y su reparación. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Hammurabi, 2009.

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Métais-Thoreau, Odile. Le Puy-Notre-Dame: 1000 ans d'histoire en Saumurois. [France]: Cheminements, 2000.

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Office, General Accounting. Radiation exposure compensation: Funding to pay claims may be inadequate to meet projected needs : report to congressional committees. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington 20013): The Office, 2003.

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de, Framond Martin, ed. Le Puy-en-Velay: L'ensemble Cathédral Notre-Dame. Paris: Monum, éditions du patrimoine, 2005.

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Cougard-Fruman, Josiane. Le trésor brodé de la cathédrale du Puy-en-Velay: Chefs-d'œuvre de la collection Cougard-Fruman. Paris: Albin Michel, 2010.

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H, Fruman Daniel, ed. Le trésor brodé de la cathédrale du Puy-en-Velay: Chefs-d'œuvre de la collection Cougard-Fruman. Paris: Albin Michel, 2010.

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Altet, Xavier Barral i. La Cathédrale du Puy-en-Velay. Paris: Éditions du patrimoine, 2000.

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La confrérie du puy Notre-Dame d'Amiens et sa production artistique et littéraire de 1389 à 1525. Amiens: CAHMER, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ply damage"

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Zheng, Yu Fang, Yi Ming Fu, and Kai Qi. "Nonlinear Free Vibration for Cross-Ply Laminated Damaged Plates with Piezoelectric Actuators." In Fracture and Damage Mechanics V, 479–82. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-413-8.479.

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Kashtalyan, M., and H. W. Chandler. "Modelling Multilayer Damage in Cross-ply Ceramic Matrix Composites." In Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics, 233–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-28920-5_18.

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Leong, K. H., and J. E. King. "An Investigation of Damage Accumulation in Cross-Ply Glass/Epoxy Laminates." In Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, 251–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3650-1_35.

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Sharath Chandra Mouli, Y., C. S. Upadhyay, and P. M. Mohite. "Intra-ply Damage Modeling of Low-Velocity Impact on Composite Laminates." In Learning and Analytics in Intelligent Systems, 731–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24314-2_86.

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Salerno, Gigliola, Stefano Mariani, Alberto Corigliano, Francesco Caimmi, Luca Andena, and Roberto Frassine. "Experimental-Numerical Assessment of Impact-Induced Damage in Cross-Ply Laminates." In Advanced Structured Materials, 493–504. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05241-5_26.

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Arca, M. A., M. Papila, and D. Coker. "Experimental Investigation of Strength of Curved Beam by Thin Ply Non-Crimp Fabric Laminates." In Fracture, Fatigue, Failure and Damage Evolution, Volume 8, 37–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42195-7_6.

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Henaff-Gardin, C., J. L. Desmeuzes, and D. Gaillot. "Damage Development Due to Cyclic Thermal Loading in Cross-Ply Carbon/Epoxy Laminates." In Fatigue under Thermal and Mechanical Loading: Mechanisms, Mechanics and Modelling, 285–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8636-8_31.

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Shao, Xiao Jun, and Zhu Feng Yue. "Compressive Experiment and Damage Simulation of a Composite Structure with Ply Drop-Off." In Advances in Composite Materials and Structures, 301–4. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-427-8.301.

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Kim, Cheol Woong, Sung Hyuk Lee, Sang Heon Lee, and Kee Joo Kim. "Damage Characteristics of Cross Ply GFRP and Woven AFRP under Various Impact Velocities." In Advances in Composite Materials and Structures, 409–12. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-427-8.409.

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Benbelaid, S., and B. Bezzazi. "Micro-Meso Mechanics Based Modeling of Damage Evolution in Cross Ply Laminates Composites." In Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Materials and Sustainable Development, 408–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89707-3_47.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ply damage"

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Fikry, M. J. Mohammad, Zulkifli Nur Atikah, and Shinji Ogihara. "Mechanical properties and damage behavior of angle-ply CFRP laminates with discontinuous plies." In FRACTURE AND DAMAGE MECHANICS: Theory, Simulation and Experiment. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0033985.

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LIU, SHENG, and FU-KUO CHANG. "Damage development in cross-ply laminated composites due to transversely concentrated loading." In 33rd Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-2554.

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Soutis, C., and M. Kashtalyan. "Damage mechanisms in angle-ply composite laminates under in-plane tensile loading." In 19th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-1638.

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Fan, Wen-Ru, Qian Xue, Hua-Xiang Wang, and Bai-Ling Tian. "Damage Detection in Cross-Ply CFRP Based on Open Electrical Impedance Tomography." In 2016 International Conference on Information System and Artificial Intelligence (ISAI). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isai.2016.0101.

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ONODERA, SOTA, and TOMONAGA OKABE. "Prediction for Stiffness Reduction and Progressive Damage of Composite Laminate Including Ply Cracks." In American Society for Composites 2018. Lancaster, PA: DEStech Publications, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc33/25954.

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Kumar, Rajesh S., and Ramesh Talreja. "Cohesive Finite Element Based Modeling of Damage in Composite Materials." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33575.

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Damage in composite laminates affects its overall viscoelastic response. Constitutive equations have been developed for composite laminates considering a fixed damage state. A complete description, however, requires suitable damage evolution laws. This paper is focused on studying damage evolution in viscoelastic laminates using a cohesive finite element approach. A two dimensional, four nodded finite element is developed incorporating a rate-independent traction-displacement cohesive law. This element is used in conjunction with plane strain bulk elements behaving in a linear viscoelastic manner to simulate crack evolution between two existing transverse cracks in symmetric cross-ply laminates. The effects of loading strain-rate, ply constraint and initial crack density are studied. This study shows expected trends in the behavior and indicates the suitability of cohesive zone modeling to study damage evolution in viscoelastic composite materials.
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Kelkar, Ajit D. "Behavior of Thin, Moderately Thick and Thick Woven Composites Subjected to Low Velocity Impact Loads." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32306.

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The effects of low velocity impact on woven composite panels are presented in this study. In the experimental program, 8 ply, 16 ply and 24 ply VARTM manufactured woven composite panels were subjected to low velocity impact loads. The laminates were held in a special fixture, which was designed to simulate simply supported boundaries. Impact experiments were conducted using a Dynatup low velocity impact testing machine where a drop-weight system was used to strike each panel at 90° incidence under controlled conditions of impact velocity. The impactor used was of a constant weight and tip diameter. The impact height and hence the velocity and energy were used as variables in the study. Preliminary impact tests were performed to establish the incipient damage (lower bound) and visible back face damage and spalling (upper bound) energy for each of the 8 ply (thin), 16 ply (moderately thick) and 24 ply (thick) woven graphite/epoxy laminates. Seven energy levels were selected to study the progressive deformation and damage mechanics. It is shown that threshold damage criteria can be established by using a simple FFT smoothening of impact load-time history data.
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Kumar, Rajesh S., and Matthew M. Mordasky. "Foreign Object Impact Damage in Ceramic Matrix Composites: Experiments and Computational Predictions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-90368.

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Abstract Foreign object impact of Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) materials and components in a gas turbine engine environment could be detrimental to engine performance and hence must be accounted for in the design of such components. This paper is concerned with experiments and computational modeling of foreign object impact phenomenon in Silicon Carbide-based CMC. Controlled impact experiments were conducted on the CMC material using a gas-gun apparatus with spherical hardened steel projectile. The internal damage state within the CMC specimens was assessed using X-ray computed tomography scan technique. The computational modeling involved explicit dynamic finite element simulation of the impact process wherein either delamination mechanism is modeled or both ply damage and delamination mechanisms are modeled in a coupled manner. The delamination mechanism is modeled explicitly using cohesive-zone fracture mechanics approach, whereas, the ply damage mechanisms are modeled implicitly using simplified continuum damage mechanics approach. The simulation results were found to be in reasonable qualitative and quantitative agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, it is shown that modeling both the ply damage and delamination mechanisms are essential to predict the correct delamination pattern even for intermediate velocity impacts that leads to predominantly delamination damage. The predictive nature of the modeling approach is demonstrated and approaches to enhance the models are also discussed.
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Vaidya, Rajesh, J. Klug, C. Sun, Rajesh Vaidya, J. Klug, and C. Sun. "Effect of ply thickness and crack tip damage on failure of notched composite laminates." In 38th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-1184.

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Daniels, Mitchell A., Levi J. Suryan, and John P. Parmigiani. "Effects of Finite Element Damage Modeling Parameters in Carbon Fiber Panels Under Mode III Loading." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50297.

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Modeling the progression of damage is required to fully describe the behavior of advanced composite materials in engineering applications. However, damage progression can be complex and is often difficult to determine. Errors in analyses can arise due to uncertainties in the material parameters associated with damage progression models. The commercial software Abaqus uses the Hashin damage criterion that consists of six strength based damage initiation material inputs and four energy based damage propagation inputs for composite lamina. The initiation inputs consist of the tensile and compressive strengths parallel and perpendicular to the fiber direction, longitudinal shear strength, and transverse shear strength. The damage propagation properties consist of the fracture-energies that define the stress-displacement relationship for tension and compression of the fibers and the matrix. To create an accurate finite element model, it is important to understand the effects of the material properties on the outputs of the analysis. The research presented in this study will determine the effect of the ten damage properties under a specific loading case using an Abaqus finite element model, with a focus on determining when the four damage progression properties have a significant effect. Edge-notched panels under mode III loading with 20 and 40 ply layups consisting of 30% zero degree plies were considered in the study. The explicit solver in Abaqus was used for the panel analysis. To evaluate the effects of the properties, fractional factorial sensitivity studies were used. Fractional factorials allow for a broad screening of several factors at relatively small computational cost. The factorial design used the ten Abaqus Hashin properties as factors at levels of ±50% from their nominal values. The maximum load the panel experienced was used as the metric for comparison. The effects were then calculated, weighted to the sum of all effects, and plotted to compare each factor. For both the 20 and 40 ply panels, the tensile strength in the direction of the fibers was shown to have the largest effect. The 20 ply panel showed a very small effect of the fracture energy of the fiber in tension, while the 40 ply panel showed a greater effect of this parameter. This is due to damage propagation mainly occurring after max load for thinner panels. Thicker panels are able to transfer load to more plies as damage occurs and the material softens. This allows the panel to carry an increased load after initial damage and through damage progression. Therefore the damage propagation has more of an effect on max load for the 40 ply panels. This principle is illustrated by differences in the experimental load displacement curve shapes of the 20 and 40 ply panels. In addition, the analysis showed the thicker panels exhibited more damage at the maximum load. These results illustrate where in the mode III loading case the damage progression properties have a major effect. This can be used to inform future analysis and inform further research into measuring the damage progression of composite materials.
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Reports on the topic "Ply damage"

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Venäläinen, Ari, Sanna Luhtala, Mikko Laapas, Otto Hyvärinen, Hilppa Gregow, Mikko Strahlendorff, Mikko Peltoniemi, et al. Sää- ja ilmastotiedot sekä uudet palvelut auttavat metsäbiotaloutta sopeutumaan ilmastonmuutokseen. Finnish Meteorological Institute, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361317.

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Climate change will increase weather induced risks to forests, and thus effective adaptation measures are needed. In Säätyö project funded by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, we have summarized the data that facilitate adaptation measures, developed weather and climate services that benefit forestry, and mapped what kind of new weather and climate services are needed in forestry. In addition, we have recorded key further development needs to promote adaptation. The Säätyö project developed a service product describing the harvesting conditions of trees based on the soil moisture assessment. The output includes an analysis of the current situation and a 10-day forecast. In the project we also tested the usefulness of long forecasts beyond three months. The weather forecasting service is sidelined and supplemented by another co-operation project between the Finnish Meteorological Institute and Metsäteho called HarvesterSeasons (https://harvesterseasons.com/). The HarvesterSeasons service utilizes long-term forecasts of up to 6 months to assess terrain bearing conditions. A test version of a wind damage risk tool was developed in cooperation with the Department of Forest Sciences of the University of Eastern Finland and the Finnish Meteorological Institute. It can be used to calculate the wind speeds required in a forest area for wind damage (falling trees). It is currently only suitable for researcher use. In the Säätyö project the possibility of locating the most severe wind damage areas immediately after a storm was also tested. The method is based on the spatial interpolation of wind observations. The method was used to analyze storms that caused forest damages in the summer and fall of 2020. The produced maps were considered illustrative and useful to those responsible for compiling the situational picture. The accumulation of snow on tree branches, can be modeled using weather data such as rainfall, temperature, air humidity, and wind speed. In the Säätyö project, the snow damage risk assessment model was further developed in such a way that, in addition to the accumulated snow load amount, the characteristics of the stand and the variations in terrain height were also taken into account. According to the verification performed, the importance of abiotic factors increased under extreme snow load conditions (winter 2017-2018). In ordinary winters, the importance of biotic factors was emphasized. According to the comparison, the actual snow damage could be explained well with the tested model. In the interviews and workshop, the uses of information products, their benefits, the conditions for their introduction and development opportunities were mapped. According to the results, diverse uses and benefits of information products and services were seen. Information products would make it possible to develop proactive forest management, which would reduce the economic costs caused by wind and snow damages. A more up-to-date understanding of harvesting conditions, enabled by information products, would enhance the implementation of harvesting and harvesting operations and the management of timber stocks, as well as reduce terrain, trunk and root damage. According to the study, the introduction of information is particularly affected by the availability of timeliness. Although the interviewees were not currently willing to pay for the information products developed in the project, the interviews highlighted several suggestions for the development of information products, which could make it possible to commercialize them.
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Smulson, Mark E. The Molecular Biological Basis for the Response of Poly(ADP-RIB) Polymerase and NAD Metabolism to DNA Damage Caused by Mustard Alkylating Agents. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada319494.

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Viksna, Ludmila, Oksana Kolesova, Aleksandrs Kolesovs, Ieva Vanaga, and Seda Arutjunana. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients (Latvia, Spring 2020). Rīga Stradiņš University, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25143/fk2/hnmlhh.

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Data include following variables: Demographics, epidemiological history, comorbidities, diagnosis, complications, and symptoms on admission to the hospital. Also, body’s temperature and SpO2. Blood cells: white cells count (WBC), neutrophils (Neu), lymphocytes (Ly), eosinophils (Eo) and monocytes (Mo), percentages of segmented and banded neutrophils, erythrocytes (RBC), platelet count (PLT), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (HCT); Inflammatory indicators: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP); Tissue damage indicators: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and troponin T (TnT); Electrolytes: potassium and sodium concentration; Renal function indicators: creatinine and glomerular filtration rate (GFR); Coagulation tests: D-dimer, prothrombin time, and prothrombin index on admission to the hospital.
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Guidati, Gianfranco, and Domenico Giardini. Joint synthesis “Geothermal Energy” of the NRP “Energy”. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_nrp70_nrp71.2020.4.en.

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Near-to-surface geothermal energy with heat pumps is state of the art and is already widespread in Switzerland. In the future energy system, medium-deep to deep geothermal energy (1 to 6 kilometres) will, in addition, play an important role. To the forefront is the supply of heat for buildings and industrial processes. This form of geothermal energy utilisation requires a highly permeable underground area that allows a fluid – usually water – to absorb the naturally existing rock heat and then transport it to the surface. Sedimentary rocks are usually permeable by nature, whereas for granites and gneisses permeability must be artificially induced by injecting water. The heat gained in this way increases in line with the drilling depth: at a depth of 1 kilometre, the underground temperature is approximately 40°C, while at a depth of 3 kilometres it is around 100°C. To drive a steam turbine for the production of electricity, temperatures of over 100°C are required. As this requires greater depths of 3 to 6 kilometres, the risk of seismicity induced by the drilling also increases. Underground zones are also suitable for storing heat and gases, such as hydrogen or methane, and for the definitive storage of CO2. For this purpose, such zones need to fulfil similar requirements to those applicable to heat generation. In addition, however, a dense top layer is required above the reservoir so that the gas cannot escape. The joint project “Hydropower and geo-energy” of the NRP “Energy” focused on the question of where suitable ground layers can be found in Switzerland that optimally meet the requirements for the various uses. A second research priority concerned measures to reduce seismicity induced by deep drilling and the resulting damage to buildings. Models and simulations were also developed which contribute to a better understanding of the underground processes involved in the development and use of geothermal resources. In summary, the research results show that there are good conditions in Switzerland for the use of medium-deep geothermal energy (1 to 3 kilometres) – both for the building stock and for industrial processes. There are also grounds for optimism concerning the seasonal storage of heat and gases. In contrast, the potential for the definitive storage of CO2 in relevant quantities is rather limited. With respect to electricity production using deep geothermal energy (> 3 kilometres), the extent to which there is potential to exploit the underground economically is still not absolutely certain. In this regard, industrially operated demonstration plants are urgently needed in order to boost acceptance among the population and investors.
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