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1
Kilby, Jay. "Meaning and Method in the Social Sciences: A Case for Methodological Pluralism. Paul A. Roth." Journal of Religion 69, no. 3 (July 1989): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/488199.
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Yang, Fenggang. "Oligopoly Dynamics: Consequences of Religious Regulation." Social Compass 57, no. 2 (June 2010): 194–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037768610362417.
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In the first part of this article, the author tries to clarify a set of interconnected concepts—religious plurality (diversity), pluralization, and pluralism. As a descriptive concept for sociological theorizing, social pluralism is further differentiated into legal, civic and cultural arrangements. Modern pluralization may have started accidentally in the United States of America, but it has become a general trend in the world. In the second part, the author argues that the predominant type of Church—State relationship in the world today is neither monopoly nor pluralism, but oligopoly. More importantly, the theoretical propositions based on the studies of monopoly-pluralism are not applicable without substantial modification to explain oligopoly dynamics. The China case shows that in oligopoly, increased religious regulation leads not necessarily to religious decline, but to triple religious markets: the red market (legal), black market (illegal) and grey market (both legal and illegal or neither legal nor illegal).
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Crasnow, Sharon. "Evidence for Use: Causal Pluralism and the Role of Case Studies in Political Science Research." Philosophy of the Social Sciences 41, no. 1 (December 6, 2010): 26–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0048393110387884.
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Valasik, Corinne. "Le social et l’éthique comme réponses de la religion face au pluralisme religieux." Social Compass 57, no. 2 (June 2010): 168–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037768610362416.
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Religious pluralism is a central issue in the debates on the place of religion in Western societies. Religious institutions may cope with pluralism in different ways. The author focuses on one of these attitudes, which she calls “protest-attestation” and which is halfway between the opposite poles of “insulation” and “radicalisation”. First she observes that, whatever their attitude, religious players are not seen by society as holding a specific religious worldview. Her main hypothesis is therefore that religious normativity and its basis have lost much of their value in contemporary societies. If that is the case, then we should ask—as Jim Beckford did—if Western societies are experiencing only religious diversity, tolerating the presence of minority religions, or if they are actually reflecting on viable approaches and strategies for managing this pluralism.
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LABROUSSE, AGNÈS. "Not by technique alone. A methodological comparison of development analysis with Esther Duflo and Elinor Ostrom." Journal of Institutional Economics 12, no. 2 (October 30, 2015): 277–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137415000429.
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AbstractThis contribution aims at an original comparison of development analysis with Elinor Ostrom and Esther Duflo from a methodological standpoint, scrutinising their relationship to theory and their operative research strategies. Both perspectives are investigated as case studies for a broader discussion about significant trends in economics and social sciences. Duflo and the J-PAL's approach illustrates – in its own way – new trends and some blind alleys in contemporary forms of mainstream economics, whereas Ostrom and the Bloomington school point towards the marked theoretical and methodological reflexivity of institutionalism, its sensitivity to historical diversity and openness towards social sciences. Distinct social philosophies and episteme are at stake displaying a great divide between two brands of realism and pragmatism, two relationships to development, expertise and knowledge. The paper also contrasts Duflo's methodological monism and mechanistic piecemeal analysis with Ostrom's methodological pluralism and adaptive complex systems analysis.
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Ivenicki, Ana. "Multicultural Brazil in the BRICS Countries: Potentials for the Social Sciences and Humanities." Space and Culture, India 7, no. 5 (May 8, 2020): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v7i5.641.
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This study argues a case for multiculturalism as a possible approach for addressing the complexities of societies such as the BRICS, taking Brazil as a case study. It contends that knowledge derived from such a study can benefit Social Studies and Humanities worldwide, particularly considering that cultural diversity has been increasingly present due to globalisation, internationalisation and growing mobility of groups of people, including refugees all over the world, requiring new epistemologies and narratives in research. The paper firstly analyses the concept of multiculturalism, discussing its perspectives from more liberal approaches up to more critical, postcolonial and decolonial perspectives that focus on the challenge of prejudices that operate in terms of control and denial of pluralism. It discusses the multicultural composition of the population of Brazil as a BRICS country, analysing its main geographical and population characteristics. The main focus of the paper is to delve in the ways that Brazilian educational policies have been trying to address both international standards and the valuing of cultural identities and equity-oriented approaches that are inclusive and multicultural. It particularly focuses on the National Plan for Education and of the recent project for higher education institutions (called “Future-se”). Finally, it concludes by pointing out tensions and possibilities of such Brazilian endeavours in the context of the BRICS countries. Such a study may be relevant comparatively, hopefully providing reflections for new epistemologies and the potential value of these for the Social Sciences and Humanities.
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Satterwhite, Emily, Shannon Elizabeth Bell, Linsey C. Marr, Christopher K. Thompson, Aaron J. Prussin, Lauren Buttling, Jin Pan, and Julia M. Gohlke. "Building Interdisciplinary Partnerships for Community-Engaged Environmental Health Research in Appalachian Virginia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (March 5, 2020): 1695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051695.
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This article describes a collaboration among a group of university faculty, undergraduate students, local governments, local residents, and U.S. Army staff to address long-standing concerns about the environmental health effects of an Army ammunition plant. The authors describe community-responsive scientific pilot studies that examined potential environmental contamination and a related undergraduate research course that documented residents’ concerns, contextualized those concerns, and developed recommendations. We make a case for the value of resource-intensive university–community partnerships that promote the production of knowledge through collaborations across disciplinary paradigms (natural/physical sciences, social sciences, health sciences, and humanities) in response to questions raised by local residents. Our experience also suggests that enacting this type of research through a university class may help promote researchers’ adoption of “epistemological pluralism”, and thereby facilitate the movement of a study from being “multidisciplinary” to “transdisciplinary”.
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Alolote, Amadi. "Towards Critical Realism in Cost Overrun Research." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 4, no. 6 (2019): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.46.2002.
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Construction management, as an emergent field of research, is yet to have a recognized methodological orientation, characteristic of other more established domains, and therefore builds on the traditional philosophical assumptions of related natural and social science research. The term “Methodological pluralism,” has thus been used to describe the use of a multiplicity of philosophies and methods, compatible with the study of construction phenomena. This study narrows down the philosophical argument in construction management to within the specific domain of cost overrun research, to systematically articulate the shortcomings in the methodological/philosophical tradition embraced by previous studies. Empirical profiling of cost overrun research reveals the predominance of mono-method studies based on questionnaire survey methods, correlative analysis, and archival data modeling techniques, all of which are underlain by positivism. The study argues that such positivist philosophies, although methodologically valid, cannot adequately explain and provide an in-depth understanding of the contextual drivers in construction organizations, that trigger the more tangible technical constructs, leading to the phenomena of cost growth in projects. Joining in the chorus call for methodological pluralism in construction industry research, this study makes a case for critical realism specifically in the context of cost overrun research.
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Fahmy, Hamid. "Genealogi Liberalisasi Pemikiran Islam." Ulumuna 13, no. 1 (June 30, 2009): 109–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v13i1.374.
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Liberalization of islamic thought is often related to or claimed as renewal of islamic thought (tajdid), yet the term ‘liberal’ itself has no root in islamic intellectual tradition, let alone the concepts offered by this movement. The genealogy of thought that underlines this movement is traceable from the trend of postmodernism and the remnant of modernism in the West. In fact, the shift from modernism to postmodernism in the West brought about the approaches of social and human sciences studies, including religious studies. Such doctrines that came along with the trend of thought in Western postmodernism as relativism, nihilism, pluralism, equality, feminism, democratization in all respect are doctrines that played pivotal role in liberalization of religious thought in the West. Now, those doctrines are playing in the mind of the exponent of liberalization of Islamic thought with almost the same rationale with the program of secularization.
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Mancini, Susanna. "Taking Secularism (not too) Seriously: the Italian 'Crucifix Case'." Religion & Human Rights 1, no. 2 (2006): 179–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187103206778884820.
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AbstractIn Italy, unlike in most European countries, the debate over religious symbols in the public schools is not centred on the right of individuals belonging to minority groups to wear religious symbols and clothes, but rather on the legitimacy of the display of the crucifix and its religious and cultural significance. This article focuses on the compatibility of the display of the cross in state schools with the principle of secularism, which in the Italian context does not imply, as it does in France, strict indifference towards religion, but rather impartiality with respect to different faiths. The starting point of this discussion is a critical analysis of the controversial Italian 'crucifix case-law'. However, the issue is analysed in broader terms and in a comparative perspective. It is argued that freedom of religion or belief, alone, is not sufficient to provide an inclusive environment for all, and especially for those who do not t in the dominant culture. Therefore the question of the display of religious symbols should not be reduced to the balancing of individual and collective rights, but it should also emphasize the key role of secularism in guaranteeing cultural pluralism (and a pluralistic legislation) and in preventing the possibility of a preferential treatment of a given religion.
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Mele, Valentina, Marc Esteve, Seulki Lee, Germà Bel, Giulia Cappellaro, Nicolai Petrovsky, and Sonia M. Ospina. "Enhancing Methodological Reporting in Public Administration: The Functional Equivalents Framework." American Review of Public Administration 50, no. 8 (June 26, 2020): 811–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074020933010.
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Public administration scholarship reflects a multidisciplinary field in which many theoretical perspectives coexist. However, one of the dark sides of such theoretical pluralism is methodological fragmentation. It may be hard to assess the research quality and to engage with the findings from studies employing different methodologies, thus limiting meaningful conversations. Moreover, the constant race across social sciences to make methodologies more sophisticated may exacerbate the separation between academic and practitioner audiences. To counterbalance these two trends, this article aims at increasing methodological intelligibility in our field. It does so starting from the idea that each methodology entails choices in the conventional phases of research design, data collection, and data analysis, and that these choices must be reported. The paper nails down and exemplifies such reporting needs for five selected methodologies: survey studies, quantitative experimental studies, quantitative observational studies, qualitative case studies and ethnographies. Based on their discussion and comparison, the paper offers a framework composed by functional equivalents, that is to say, the common denominator among methodological reporting needs. Methodological choices that need reporting include the rationale for the selection of a methodology, delimitation of the study, the research instrument, data processing and ethical clearance. Increasing methodological reporting would facilitate dialogues among different methodological communities, and with practitioner readers. All of which would also promote field building in the scholarship of public administration.
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Zehao, Zhang, Wang Xinting, and Xie Linling. "A Survey on the Sustainability of China’s Smoke-free Community Elderly Care Service Models from the Perspective of Welfare Pluralism." Tobacco Regulatory Science 7, no. 5 (September 30, 2021): 1469–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.5.66.
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Objectives: Studies show that the harm of smoking is much higher in the elderly than in the young and middle-aged. Therefore, smoke-free communities are more suitable for the elderly. China’s ministry of civil affairs pointed out that, the development of community elderly care services conforms to the wishes of over 90% of the elderly in China, which is the focus of the construction of China’s elderly care service system. Meanwhile, China’s existing smoke-free community elderly care service models are diverse, service efficiency and sustainability remains uneven. Methods: This study constructed a conceptual framework for smoke-free community elderly care service based on the theory of welfare pluralism. To find the sustainability of smoking control in smoke-free communities and the efficiency of elderly care service supply under different supply modes. According to the geographical location, 9somke-free communities in Beijing, Nanjing and Xi’an were selected for investigation. Results: Three supply modes of community-based elderly care services are summarized, including Multiactor Participation Model (MPM), Government and Social organization Cooperation Model (GSCM), and Government-led Participation Model (GPM). The case analysis method is used to analyze the characteristics of the supply actors, supply content, and supply methods of these three models. Conclusion: Three supply modes of community-based elderly care services are summarized, including Multiactor Participation Model (MPM), Government and Social organization Cooperation Model (GSCM), and Government-led Participation Model (GPM). The MPM for smoke-free community elderly care, which includes the participation of multiple subjects and is more diversified in terms of supply content and methods, is found to have better smoking control efficiency and higher sustainability.
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Jain, Dipika, and Kimberly M. Rhoten. "Epistemic Injustice and Judicial Discourse on Transgender Rights in India: Uncovering Temporal Pluralism." Journal of Human Values 26, no. 1 (January 2020): 30–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971685819890186.
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This article examines how efforts at legal legibility acquisition by gender diverse litigants result in problematic (e.g., narratives counter to self-identity) and, at times, erroneous discourses on sex and gender that homogenize the litigants themselves. When gender diverse persons approach the court with a rights claim, the narrative they present must necessarily limit itself to a normative discourse that the court may understand and, therefore, engage with. Consequently, the everyday lived experiences of gender diverse persons are often deliberately erased from the narrative as litigants mould themselves into the pre-existing normative legal categories of gender and sex. As a result of such mechanisms, the article finds that gender diverse litigants face epistemic injustice in the courts as their legal legibility is constructed within a constraining gender binary paradigm of judicial discourse. The article explores the trajectory of transgender rights in India, through an analysis of case law prior to and post the landmark NALSA decision, to understand how the approach to transgender rights and identities has been shaped by and shapes, in turn, normative conceptions of gender. The article argues for the incorporation of temporal pluralism into the law that would allow courts to hear gender diverse litigant accounts premised on contemporary gender diversity beyond the binary (rather than incontestable prior understandings based in past precedent), which would better account for such social injustices.
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Alekseevskaia, Mariia. "Canadian Calvinists Help to Overcome Intolerance against Muslims: Dutch Reformed Theology behind a Pluralist Worldview." Journal of Empirical Theology 34, no. 1 (September 20, 2021): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15709256-12341417.
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Abstract This paper presents a case study of the dialogue groups organized by the members of the Christian Reformed Church in North America (CRCNA) to hold dialogue with Muslims in Canada. Being profoundly influenced by Dutch neo-Calvinist theology, members of CRCNA promote an idea of confessional plurality, which has resulted in building relationships with Muslim communities. This study is based on fifteen interviews with participants of several Reformed Christian-Muslim groups, a content analysis of mass and social media and a variety of theological documents. Our findings show that these interfaith meetings help develop cohesive neighbourhoods and communities which facilitate new Muslim immigrants’ settlement and adjustment in Canada. This paper also points out the opportunities for further fruitful interfaith cooperation, both in the social and political spheres. However, some of the research participants are challenged with distinguishing missionary work and dialogue, which might undermine the work of the community in building bridges between Reformed Christians and Muslims.
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Popova, N. G., E. V. Biricheva, and T. A. Beavitt. "Three Aspects of the Phenomenon of Science: In Search for Unity among Sociologists." Education and science journal 20, no. 9 (December 4, 2018): 35–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2018-9-35-55.
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Introduction. In today’s globalising world, science acquires a crucial importance: integrating humanity within the framework of solving global problems, it becomes one of the leading factors in social development, facilitating work and diversifying leisure time, as well as serving as an instrument of transformations in the political sphere. Undoubtedly, the social aspects of contemporary science are capturing the attention of a huge number of researchers. However, it is not clear that all areas of the sociology of science treat the object of their study in the same way.Aim. A lack of reflection on the unity or otherwise in the understanding of the essence of science in the various fields of sociological research makes it difficult to compare different theories of the institutional, cultural, social and communicative contexts of scientific development. An urgent methodological task therefore consists in developing an understanding of the various definitions of the concept of “science” used in the framework of contemporary sociological analysis of this phenomenon.Results and scientific novelty. In this paper, two dominant sociological views on science – as an experimental-mathematical approach to cognising the world and as a system of representations in general – are compared. We conclude that while researchers studying institutional aspects of science tend to interpret it in terms of the “heritage” of post-Enlightenment European rationalism, constructionist and communicatively-oriented researchers tend to approach science as the system of knowledge and cognition that is formed in any human society, having its own specific sociocultural features in each respective case. While each of these two approaches undoubtedly has its own methodological potential, in order to provide such a diverse field of studies with a common ground, it would be necessary to balance them with a third aspect. We argue that this balancing role, since both common for all mankind and unique for every culture, could be played by Heidegger’s conceptualisation of science as “the theory of the real”.Practical significance. In order to avoid a pluralism of incompatible theories, it is important to continually pose the question “what is the object of study when conducting a sociological study of various scientific phenomena?” – as well as to understand the “limits of applicability” of the particular interpretation of science on which basis sociological analysis proceeds.
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Sidani, Yusuf M., Alison Konrad, and Charlotte M. Karam. "From female leadership advantage to female leadership deficit." Career Development International 20, no. 3 (June 8, 2015): 273–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cdi-01-2014-0009.
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Purpose – This paper takes an institutional approach to identify cognitive, normative, and regulatory factors affecting women’s business leadership in an under-studied traditional society. The purpose of this paper is to assess how such forces work to create a case of female leadership deficit (FLD) in Lebanon. Design/methodology/approach – The authors analyze interview data to identify themes linking women’s leadership with societal institutional forces. The qualitative analysis provides an understanding at the societal level of analysis which is only partially tempered through organizational structures. Findings – Misalignments among cognitive, normative, and regulative pillars inhibit real change. Organizational structures are not highly salient as the most important factors affecting women’s leadership. Rather, patriarchal structures, explicit favoring of males over females, and assignment of women to nurturing roles within the private sphere of the family are the major limiting factors impeding women’s ascension to leadership. Research limitations/implications – A promise of the institutional approach is enhancing the capacity to make meaningful comparisons between societies. This opens the door to uncovering whether documentable changes in regulations, cognitions, values, and norms regarding women in business leadership, will lead to observable changes in the size of FLD. Originality/value – This study presents a case of institutional pluralism where a positive force in one direction (regulatory) is sometimes opposed by other forces (cognitive and normative) limiting meaningful change. This study helps to explain why societies differ in the size of the FLD and to identify factors that predict within societal changes in the size of this deficit over time.
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Kornev, A. V. "Criticism of “Bourgeois” Political Doctrines: Cognition through Denial." Lex Russica 74, no. 10 (November 12, 2021): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2021.179.10.125-136.
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In the historiography of political and legal doctrines, along with general scientific research methods, traditional methods are used: chronological, problematic, portrait, country studies. The critical approach is applied in all types of research of political ideas. Meanwhile, in historiography, this method is not given the attention it deserves. Criticism always involves an assessment of the empirical and theoretical material contained in various texts (sources). The productivity of this method is obvious. A critical approach makes it possible to assess the scientific content of a particular political doctrine, as well as the practical prospects for its implementation. Criticism implies a deep immersion of the researcher into the problem and maximum objectivity in evaluating the results obtained. This is what is most often lacking. The legal sphere is already political and is an integral part of it. Political doctrines, as well as the law (one of the forms of expression of law), are always connected with the interests of social groups (In the former terminology — classes). In this regard, it is not necessary to expect neutrality in the estimates. This was the case at the time of total administration in the field of social sciences, and it is happening today, when methodological pluralism and ideological diversity are declared. During the Soviet period, “bourgeois” doctrines and their creators were particularly criticized. As time has shown, this criticism was largely justified. History as such consistently confirms a curious pattern: “progressive” thinkers eventually become “reactionary”, as well as vice versa. Moreover, not only in our country. The paper states the dual orientation of criticism. On the one hand, a critical approach allows a more objective assessment of the political and legal doctrine. This shows its cognitive (cognitive) aspect. On the other hand, criticism gives the researcher a chance to convey to the reader the essence of any theory, doctrine, and idea and give him the opportunity to evaluate them himself. In the conditions of actual censorship, criticism remains almost the only genre of characterization of political and legal doctrines.
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Suresh, Lavanya. "Decentralised and Effective Forest Resource Governance in India." South Asia Research 37, no. 1 (January 30, 2017): 78–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0262728016675531.
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Within the context of decentralised environmental governance, this article seeks to answer the question which institutional arrangements may be most effective in delivering the promise of better community-centred forest governance. The specific objective is to analyse the impact that decentralisation of resource management has on the effectiveness of forest governance. Using a comparative case study framework, the article finds that decentralisation functions better when nested structures with a plurality of bodies are in operation. However, the case studies also highlight the need for constant monitoring as a necessarily ongoing crucial process to protect the ecological sustainability of forest resource governance as well as strengthening equitable social structures at the village level.
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Brzeziński, Jerzy Marian. "Uniwersytet – nauki humanistyczne i społeczne – państwo." Człowiek i Społeczeństwo 52 (December 31, 2021): 45–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cis.2021.52.3.
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With the Great Charter of Universities as a point of departure, the author discusses the four tasks of the university: (1) search for the truth (2) education which supplies students them with the latest scientific knowledge and the skills that knowledge justifies (3) student formation in the spirit of tolerance, pluralism and openness to dialogue, (4) popularizing scientific knowledge. For their accomplishment to be unconstrained (by ideological, religious, xenophobic or economic limitations), as well as effective and ethical, the university must be free and autonomous. Nowadays humanities and social sciences are particularly exposed to factors that damage or hinder this autonomy and freedom, which is regrettably the case especially in countries that declare attachment to democratic values, yet trample them at the same time.
The author is very critical of the state’s policy of evaluating scholarly activities of universities based on converting scientific output into points. According to the author, this produces a greatly simplified and distorted picture of their achievements. What is more, it also encourages certain academics (for whom „survival” at a given institute or department is at stake) to engage in unethical behaviour: plagiarism of other people’s works, falsification of empirical research results, fabrication of findings, guest authorship, ghost authorship. One of the major solutions aimed to counter such unethical practices is to depart from bibliometric evaluation (via IF, H index) in favour of peer review. It is also necessary to implement new publishing practices, which would require replication of empirical studies, access to raw results provided by authors, as well as preregistration assessment of research projects so as to take works in which positive results were not obtained (thus failing to bear out the initial hypothesis) into consideration as well.
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Raz, Joseph. "Moral Change and Social Relativism." Social Philosophy and Policy 11, no. 1 (1994): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500004325.
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I could not write the essay I hoped to write. I hoped to write about cultural pluralism and moral epistemology by assuming that the first is the case and exploring what implications this may have for the second. But I soon realized that I do not know what cultural pluralism is. I do not mean that I have just belatedly discovered that the phrase “cultural pluralism” is used in different ways on different occasions. I mean that I realized that I myself did not know in what sense the phrase may be used which makes it relevant to the inquiry suggested by the general topic of this volume. So the following reflections are based on one assumption: The fact of multiculturalism cannot have much bearing on moral epistemology unless it bears on moral truths.
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Yonah, Yossi. "Cultural pluralism and education: The Israeli case." Interchange 25, no. 4 (December 1994): 349–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01435879.
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SIMPSON, JACQUELINE C. "Pluralism." American Behavioral Scientist 38, no. 3 (January 1995): 459–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764295038003007.
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Longino, Helen E. "Interaction: a case for ontological pluralism." Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 45, no. 3 (July 2, 2020): 432–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03080188.2020.1794385.
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Bacquet, Sylvie. "Manifestation of Belief and the “Liberal” Law of Religion: Why It Is Time to Rethink the Status-Quo?" Religion & Human Rights 17, no. 1 (March 16, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18710328-bja10023.
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Abstract Manifestation of belief is a key component of religious freedom, however in modern pluralist states there are inherent conflicts between practices of the more religious minorities and those of the secular majority. In attempting to mediate those conflicts judges have been faced with the sensitive task of determining the extent to which a particular symbol or practice is worthy of protection by the law. The case law arising from this process has produced some inconsistencies and has shown that not all symbols are equal before the law. As a matter of practice, the law of religion is based on liberal values which tend to favour faith based on orthodoxy over orthopraxy. This article argues that the time has come for a remodelling of the current approach to manifestation of religion and belief and puts forward a holistic approach which considers religion as an element of identity and as such ascribed rather than merely a life choice. It explores the possibility of a modification of current legal tests which would give way to this approach. The argument is considered from three different perspectives namely the emphasis on autonomy within the “liberal law of religion,” the religious vs. secular binary present within the courts’ approach and the difficulty of defining religion and belief.
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Nelson, Alan, and Paul A. Roth. "Meaning and Method in the Social Sciences: A Case for Methodological Pluralism." Philosophical Review 101, no. 3 (July 1992): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2186078.
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Runhardt, Rosa W. "Evidential Pluralism and Epistemic Reliability in Political Science: Deciphering Contradictions between Process Tracing Methodologies." Philosophy of the Social Sciences 51, no. 4 (April 28, 2021): 425–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00483931211008545.
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Evidential pluralism has been used to justify mixed-method research in political science. The combination of methodologies within (qualitative) case study analysis, however, has not received as much attention. This article applies the theory of evidential pluralism to causal inference in the case study method process tracing. I argue that different methodologies for process tracing commit to distinct fundamental theories of causation. I show that, problematically, one methodology may not recognize as genuine knowledge the fundamental claims of the other. By evaluating the epistemic reliability of these fundamental claims, we can find a way out of such conflicts and rescue pluralism.
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Williams, Rhys H., and Richard E. Wentz. "The Culture of Religious Pluralism." Sociology of Religion 59, no. 4 (1998): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3712131.
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Yilmaz, Ihsan. "The Emergence of Islamist Official and Unofficial Laws in the Erdoganist Turkey: The Case of Child Marriages." Religions 12, no. 7 (July 8, 2021): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12070513.
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Religion in the hands of authoritarian governments can prove to be an effective political instrument to further their agenda. This paper attempts to explore this aspect of authoritarianism with the case of Turkish family laws under Erdoganist Islamist legal pluralism. The paper analyzes the AKP’s government’s attempts at pro-Islamist legislation, fatwas produced by Diyanet (Turkish Directorate of Religious Affairs) and by pro-government right-wing religious scholars to explore the changes that have occurred, both formally and informally, in the largely secular family laws of the Republic of Turkey in the last decade. By focusing on the age of marriage, this paper tries to understand the impact of Islamist legal pluralism and unofficial Islamist laws on the formal legal system as well as the social implications of this plural socio-legal reality, particularly for vulnerable groups such as the poor, refugees, children, and women. The trends demonstrate the informal system’s skew towards Islamism, patriarchy and disregard for fundamental rights. This Islamist legal plurality almost always operates against the women and underage girls, which creates profound individual and social problems. The paper concludes by pointing out the critical issues emerging in the domain of family law due to the link between the growing power of Islamist legal pluralism and its political instrumentalization by the Justice and Development Party (AKP).
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Becker, Penny Edgell, and William J. Weston. "Presbyterian Pluralism: Competition in a Protestant House." Sociology of Religion 59, no. 4 (1998): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3712129.
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Nah, Alice M. "Recognizing indigenous identity in postcolonial Malaysian law: Rights and realities for the Orang Asli (aborigines) of Peninsular Malaysia." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 164, no. 2 (2008): 212–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003657.
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In Southeast Asia, the birth of postcolonial states in the aftermath of the Second World War marked a watershed in political relations between ethnic groups residing within emerging geo-political borders. Plurality and difference were defining characteristics of the social landscape in these nascent states. Colonial laws and policies that divided groups and territories for efficient control influenced the relations between linguistically and culturally distinct groups. The transfer of power to ‘natives’ during decolonization often resulted in indigenous minorities being sidelined politically and legally. Indigenous minorities in Southeast Asia continue to negotiate for more equitable inclusion in contemporary postcolonial states. In some cases, such as in Myanmar, Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines, these have escalated into separatist movements. Other indigenous minorities however, struggle for the recognition of their identity and rights through – rather than apart from – existing state mechanisms of power, for example by lobbying for changes in existing laws and bringing cases to court. The struggle for recognition of the legal rights of indigenous minorities began, however, before the process of decolonization; colonial powers contended with politically dominant indigenous majorities as they tried to exert influence over territories, and this had impacts on indigenous minorities. The British method of colonization, in particular, which sought to attain ‘indirect rule’ without using military conquest, required the identification and recognition of native structures of power. British administrators exerted influence through the ‘invitation’ of local rulers, which meant that domestic laws and administrative policies were developed as a result of negotiation rather than through direct imposition of English laws and policies. As a result, the legal structures put in place during decolonization meant that some recognition of indigenous customary practices was already incorporated, albeit for certain indigenous groups and not for others. In order to recognize and protect the ‘special rights’ of indigenous persons, it became vital to define the legal identity of individuals. It was necessary for British administrators to determine which groups were ‘indigenous’, what specific criteria were required for demonstrating membership of these groups, and when disputes occurred, to determine which individuals possessed a legitimate claim of belonging. They also had to decide if the rights and privileges were accorded on a group or individual basis. These decisions are neither ahistorical nor apolitical. In this paper, I examine the contemporary case of the Orang Asli, the minority indigenous peoples of the Malay Peninsula. I begin by providing an outline of political developments that have resulted in the legal recognition of three groups of people as having indigenous status. I also review the evolution of the Malaysian legal system in order to provide a context for subsequent discussion. I then look at how Orang Asli are recognized in the Federal Constitution and in statutes, with reference to case law, as the meaning and weight of these written laws were elaborated in court judgements. I then look at three court cases, reviewing the right to engage in commercial activities in aboriginal places as decided in the Koperasi Kijang Mas Bhd & Ors v. Kerajaan Negeri Perak & Ors (1991), hereafter referred to as the Koperasi Kijang Mas case; the recognition of native title and usufructuary rights as recognized in Adong Kuwau & Ors v. Kerajaan Negeri Johor & Anor (1997), hereafter referred to as the Adong Kuwau case, a judgement upheld in the Court of Appeal (Kerajaan Negeri Johor & Anor v. Adong Kuwau & Ors (1998) and the Federal Court;2 as well as proprietary rights in and to the land which were recognized in the Sagong Tasi & Ors v. Kerajaan Negeri Selangor & Ors (2002) ruling, hereafter referred to as the Sagong Tasi case, upheld in the Court of Appeal (see Kerajaan Negeri Selangor & Ors v. Sagong Bin Tasi & Ors (2005) but currently under appeal in the Federal Court. These cases demonstrate how Orang Asli have drawn on international legal frameworks to claim special privileges in ways not possible for other Malaysians, on the basis of their identity.
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Tzanelli, Rodanthi, and Maximiliano Korstanje. "Introduction: Critical Thinking in Tourism Studies." Tourism Culture & Communication 20, no. 2 (July 3, 2020): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/109830420x15894802540133.
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In our introduction to the special issue we attempt to reflect on the plurality and development of critical argumentation in tourism analysis. First, we adopt a "genealogical" approach to the parallel birth of critical thinking in early 20th century European social sciences and critical–institutional elaboration of the "tourist" and "tourism" as contemporary phenomena. These interlaced histories of social thought are examined as "attitudes" towards the grand project of modernity, and divided into "soft" and contemplative, and "hard" or activist. We argue that these scholarly attitudes-as-projects organized groups of tourism theorists, passionate for the discussion of similar problems. The same groups would subsequently develop variations of criticality into more coherent "paradigms." In more recent decades these protoparadigms came to interrogate the basic tenets of business ethics, as well as the moral core of activities such as tourism and hospitality in more fulsome paradigmatic registers and vocabularies. From there, we proceed to present the organizational rationale of our eclectic collection of contributions to this special issue. Organized under the principles and axioms of Keith Hollinhead's "worldmaking," and the development of critical tourism paradigms, the articles discuss four themes: (a) postcoloniality and tourism, (b) biopolitics and tourism, (c) media representations, social identities, and tourism, and (d) cultural industries and tourism.
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Olson, Daniel V. A. "Religious Pluralism and US Church Membership: A Reassessment." Sociology of Religion 60, no. 2 (1999): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3711746.
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Cotterrell, Roger. "Still Afraid of Legal Pluralism? Encountering Santi Romano." Law & Social Inquiry 45, no. 2 (July 23, 2019): 539–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2019.24.
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The second edition of Santi Romano’s book, The Legal Order, now appearing in its first English translation (2017), is a pioneer text of legal pluralism. Its interest lies in its extreme radicalism and in the fact that, although it is written by a lawyer, its argument has many important political implications and addresses core conceptual issues in contemporary sociolegal studies of legal pluralism. The social and political context of Romano’s book in early twentieth-century Italy is far from being solely of historical interest. Issues that surrounded his juristic thinking in its time resonate with important political and social issues of today.
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Jamieson, Anne. "ADALBERT EVERS AND IVAN SVETLIK (EDS) Balancing Pluralism. New Welfare Mixes in Care for the Elderly European Centre Vienna/Avebury, 1993, pp. 316, ISBN 1 85628 605 3 RALPH M. KRAMER, HÅKON LORENTZEN, WILLEM B. MELIEF AND SERGIO PASQUINELLI Privatization in Four European Countries. Comparative Studies in Government—Third Sector Relationships M. E. Sharpe, NY/London, 1993, pp. 220, ISBN 1 56324 132 3." Journal of European Social Policy 5, no. 2 (May 1995): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095892879500500211.
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MARTIN, CATHIE JO, and DUANE SWANK. "The Political Origins of Coordinated Capitalism: Business Organizations, Party Systems, and State Structure in the Age of Innocence." American Political Science Review 102, no. 2 (May 2008): 181–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055408080155.
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This paper investigates the political determinants of corporatist and pluralist employers' associations and reflects on the origins of the varieties of capitalism in the early decades of the 20th century. We hypothesize that proportional, multiparty systems tend to enable employers' associations to develop into social corporatist organizations, whereas nonproportional, two-party systems are conducive to the formation of pluralist associations. Moreover, we suggest that federalism tends to reinforce incentives for pluralist organization. We assess our hypotheses through quantitative analysis of data from 1900 to the 1930s from 16 nations and case studies of the origins of peak employers' associations in Denmark and the United States. Our statistical analysis suggests that proportional, multiparty systems foster, and federalism works against, social corporatist business organization; employers' organization is also greater where the mobilization of labor, traditions of coordination, and economic development are higher. These factors also largely explain pre-World War II patterns of national coordination of capitalism. Case histories of the origins of employers' associations in Denmark and the United States further confirm the causal importance of political factors. Although Danish and American employers had similar interests in creating cooperative national industrial policies, trajectories of associational development were constrained by the structure of party competition, as well as by preindustrial traditions for coordination.
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Stinchcombe, Arthur L. "Meaning and Method in the Social Sciences: A Case for Methodological Pluralism. Paul A. Roth." Ethics 99, no. 2 (January 1989): 434–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/293079.
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Stefurak, Tres, R. Burke Johnson, Erynne H. Shatto, and Kane Jones. "Developing and Evaluating Social Programs Using Dialectical Pluralism: Three Case studies of Youth Placed At-Risk." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIPLE RESEARCH APPROACHES 10, no. 1 (July 16, 2018): 235–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.29034/ijmra.v10n1a15.
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Neimeyer, Robert A. "Defining the New Abnormal: Scientific and Social Construction of Complicated Grief." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 52, no. 1 (February 2006): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/31rv-dbpg-q1m3-peda.
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The current discussion about the status of “complicated grief” as a concept reflects not only a scientific process of validation and justification for a new diagnostic entity, but also a social process of reality construction. It is for this reason that the various professional, scholarly, religious and lay groups that advance competing discourses regarding “normal” and “abnormal” grief can be expected to continue to debate and challenge any given formulation, at least to the extent that pluralism is respected and dialogue is valued.
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Antes, Peter. "Migration and Religion in Germany Today." Culture and History 2, no. 1 (June 28, 2022): p8. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/ch.v2n1p8.
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Migration is the most significant characteristics of Europe after World War II. In many European countries, in particular in Western Europe, it has led to multiethnic societies with special integration problems but only in more recent times its impact for multireligious pluralism was discovered in social sciences studies. It is therefore necessary to have a closer look at both: multiethnicity and religious pluralism and its respective consequences for the social peaceful living together in society, especially as concerns present-day Germany.
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Lawson, Stephanie. "Cosmopolitan Pluralism: Beyond the Cultural Turn." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 3, no. 3 (November 29, 2011): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v3i3.2288.
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The ‘cultural turn’ has had a profound influence across the humanities and social sciences in the last few decades. In calling into question the universalist basis on which conventional methodological and normative assumptions have been based, the cultural turn has focused on the extent to which specificity and particularity underpin what we can know, how we can know it, and how this affects our being-in-the world. This has opened the way to a range of insights, from issues of pluralism and difference, both within political communities and between them, to the instability if not impossibility of foundations for knowledge. Too few studies embracing this ‘cultural turn’, however, pay more than cursory attention to the culture concept itself. This article suggests that conceptions of culture derived mainly from the discipline of anthropology dominate in political studies, including international relations, while humanist conceptions have been largely ignored or rejected. It argues further that we would do well to reconsider what humanist ideas can contribute to how ‘culture’ is both conceptualized and deployed in political thought and action, especially in countering the overparticularization of social and political phenomena that marks contemporary culturalist approaches.
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Jewett, Andrew. "Science under Fire: Challenges to Scientific Authority in Modern America." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 74, no. 4 (December 2022): 248–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.56315/pscf12-22jewett.
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SCIENCE UNDER FIRE: Challenges to Scientific Authority in Modern America by Andrew Jewett. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2020. 356 pages. Hardcover; $41.00. ISBN: 9780674987913. *John William Draper and Andrew Dickson White's role in fueling popular ideas about conflict between the primarily natural sciences and religion has been often studied. It is now well known that their claims were erroneous, prejudice laden (in Draper's case against Roman Catholicism), and part of broader efforts to align science with a liberal and rationalized Christianity. In Science under Fire, Boston College historian Andrew Jewett recounts a similarly important but lesser-known tale: twentieth-century criticism of the primarily human sciences as promoting politically charged, prejudice laden, and secular accounts of human nature. *Jewett is an intellectual historian who focuses on the interplay between the sciences and public life in the United States. Science under Fire follows up on his 2012 Science, Democracy, and the American University, which explored the role of science (or, more precisely, science-inspired thinking associated with the human sciences) as a shaper of American culture from the mid-nineteenth through the mid-twentieth century. As with that previous work, Science under Fire illustrates how science can be practiced as a form of culture building and leveraged for sociopolitical ends. While Science, Democracy, and the American University explored how various ideas about science came to displace the then-dominant Protestant understandings of morality in the late nineteenth century, Science under Fire considers how a variety of critics reacted to the growing influence of those sciences. *Throughout both historical periods, members of the public, politicians, and many social scientists did not view science as offering a neutral or unbiased account of the nature of humans and their behavior. Rather, they practiced, appropriated, and criticized various accounts in order to advance particular visions about how society should be organized. These visions were not primarily driven by scientific data but by philosophical precommitments, including some which led their proponents to deny the validity of the Protestant and humanist values which previously anchored American public life. So, Science under Fire addresses religious and politically conservative apprehension over "amoral" psychology and the teaching of evolution in schools. However, its story is much broader. The secular and religious liberals and conservatives, libertarians and socialists, humanities scholars and social scientists all at times lamented the dehumanizing effects of technology or worried that scientists were unduly influenced by selfish motives. *Science under Fire begins with a twenty-three-page summary of the book's main themes. This is followed by two chapters that explain the cultural developments which fostered apprehension about science's role in society. By the 1920s, some thinkers were calling on Americans to adopt "modern" scientific modes of thought, in part by dismissing religion as a source of objective values (chap. 1). Their efforts were resisted by humanities scholars, Catholics, and liberal Protestants, who focused on lambasting naturalist approaches in psychology (e.g., by Freud and John Watson) as pseudoscientific and offering classical or religious values as a bulwark against the excesses of capitalism and consumerism (chap. 2). *In the 1930s and 40s, these critiques were given new impetus as worries arose over social scientists' role in shaping Roosevelt's New Deal as well as mental associations between amoral science and Japanese and German totalitarianism (chap. 3). Post-World War II fears over science grew to encompass concerns about "amoral" scientists such as B. F. Skinner, Benjamin Spock, and others engaging in "social engineering" by training children to value social conformity at the expense of traditional religious or humanist moral guidance (chap. 4). The increasingly vehement religious opposition to scientists' attempts to address questions of morality was partly driven by opposition to "atheist" communism and featured a broad coalition of Protestant and Catholic critics decrying the effects of "scientism" (chap. 5). *There was also a postwar resurgence in interest in the humanities, as well as efforts by thinkers such as C. P. Snow, to position the social sciences as a humanist bridge between "literary" and "scientific" cultures (chap. 6). In the United States, Snow's call for greater prominence for the sciences was challenged by New Right conservatives, who regarded it as dangerously opening the door for liberal academic social scientists to portray their ideologically charged views as objectively scientific. Their efforts included supporting conservative social scientists' research, intervening in academic politics and research funding, and, somewhat 'justifiably, 'complaining about the persecution of conservative scholars (chap. 7). *Nevertheless, postwar criticism of scientism was couched in flexible enough terms to appeal to politically and theologically diverse thinkers associated with various institutes and literary endeavors (chap. 8), ultimately including many in the iconoclastic New Left counterculture of the 1960s and 70s (chap. 9). By that time, movements critical of science included religious opposition to evolution and psychology; neoconservative criticism of the "welfare state"; and feminist, Black, and indigenous critiques of science as a tool for justifying an oppressive status quo (chap. 10). *In the Reaganite era, science was targeted by pluralist, postfoundationalist, poststructuralist, and postmodern thinkers; religious conservative challenges to evolution and "secularism" in science; tighter budgets and a downgrading of blue-sky research; and worries over the implications of artificial intelligence and genetic engineering (chap. 11). After a short evaluative conclusion, sixty-two pages of endnotes help flesh out Jewett's argument. *Science under Fire helps illuminate how science and religion have interacted as culture-shaping forces in American public life. Readers will learn how debates that are prima facie about science and religion are really about values and cultural authority, and will discover the origins of some of the assumptions and strategic moves that shape popular science-faith discourse. They will also be invited to enlarge their repertoire of science-faith thinkers (e.g., John Dewey, Reinhold Niebuhr, B. F. Skinner) and topics (behaviorism, debates over Keynesian economics as a backdrop, and how science's value-free ideal was invented and leveraged). *Nevertheless, readers should be aware that Jewett's near-exclusive focus on sweeping intellectual tendencies and the social sciences (with occasional forays to reflect on genetic technology and the atomic bomb) means that Science under Fire is not an entirely balanced account of science, politics, and religion in America. Some chapters focus on major streams of thought to the point that the story of individual movements, thinkers, and their interactions with one another is lost. Fundamentalist and conservative evangelical reactions to scientism are treated relatively perfunctorily compared to liberal Christian responses (e.g., the Institute for Religion in an Age of Science is mentioned while the American Scientific Affiliation is not). A bias toward sociological explanations occasionally leads to a degree of mischaracterization. For example, Thomas Kuhn is mentioned only in connection with the 1960s counterculture, and the Vietnam-era Strategic Hamlet Program is characterized as an attempt to "make proper citizens out of Vietnamese peasants" rooted in modernization theory (p. 181), without mentioning it as a counterinsurgency strategy inspired by Britain's successful use of "New Villages" in the Malayan emergency. Finally, although most of the book is lucid, it is occasionally meandering, repetitive, and convoluted. This is particularly true for the introduction, which readers might consider skipping on the first read. *These criticisms are not meant to be dismissive. Science under Fire is a unique and uniquely important book. Those who are willing to mine its depths will be rewarded with a treasure trove of insight into the social and political factors that continue to shape conversations about science, technology, and faith in the United States today. *Reviewed by Stephen Contakes, Associate Professor of Chemistry, Westmont College, Santa Barbara, CA 93108.
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Джарбо Сaмер Омар. "The Semantics-Pragmatics Interface: The Case of the Singular Feminine Demonstrative in Jordanian Arabic." East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 4, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/eejpl.2017.4.1.jar.
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The aim in this study is to investigate the interface between semantics and pragmatics in relation to the use of the indexical demonstrative ‘haay’ ‘this-S.F.’ in Jordanian Arabic (JA). It is argued here that an analysis of meaning in relation to context-sensitivity inherent in the use of ‘haay’ can give evidence to the view that semantic and pragmatic processes can be distinguished from each other. I have found that the meaning of ‘haay’ consists of three distinct levels: linguistic, semantic, and pragmatic meaning. The denotational and conventional senses of ‘haay’ comprise its linguistic meaning, its semantic meaning is generated when any of the variables in the linguistic meaning is selected in relation to 'narrow context', the pragmatic meaning depends on relating the semantic meaning to an entity in the physical context of interaction. The results of this study support the view that the boundary between semantics and pragmatics can be distinctively demarcated.
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Crowley, Cornelius. "Keith Ward, Religion in the Modern World. Celebrating Pluralism and Diversity." Archives de sciences sociales des religions, no. 192 (December 31, 2020): 312–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/assr.58252.
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Stabler, Samuel D. "Church, Space, and Pluralism: Two Puritan Settlements, Territory, and Religious Tolerance." Sociology of Religion 80, no. 2 (August 28, 2018): 222–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/socrel/sry030.
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Ravitch, Frank S., and Mary C. Segers. "Piety, Politics, and Pluralism: Religion, the Courts, and the 2000 Election." Sociology of Religion 65, no. 4 (2004): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3712329.
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Mayrargue, Cédric. "Isaac Phiri, Proclaiming Political Pluralism. Churches and Political Transitions in Africa." Archives de sciences sociales des religions, no. 128 (October 1, 2004): 53–158. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/assr.2654.
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Gal-Or, Noemi. "Is the Law Empowering or Patronizing Women? The Dilemma in the French Burqa Decision as the Tip of the Secular Law Iceberg." Religion & Human Rights 6, no. 3 (March 10, 2011): 315–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187103211x592604.
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The article analyses a French seminal legal award which served as a stepping stone in the recent French debate concerning the legislation banning women from wearing the Burqa headscarf in public. Under this wording—Burqa—a special style of the hijab—a scarf donned by Muslim women—is being targeted. It represents a more extreme form of covering: The Burqa is worn by the Pashtun women of Pakistan and in Afghanistan and covers the body from head to toes in a continuous piece of fabric, whereas the veil banned in France also includes the niqab which may or may not cover the entire body, and allows visibility of the eyes but not the entire face. In the relevant debate, gender equality has been the banner hoisted by court and parliamentarians purporting to protect women against the unsettling impact of the Burqa. This article represents a critical study of this claim. The article describes and analyses the ambivalent tenor of the Burqa Decision and arrives at two main conclusions. First, having distinguished two key values addressed (directly and indirectly) by the Conseil d’État—equality and freedom—the article concludes that although hailed as defying gender discrimination, the judgment must also be construed as contributing to inequality among women. The award remains just as unclear in regards to the protection of freedom of religious expression suggesting that women equality offers only one among other explanations for this ruling. Second, the article’s analysis applies several feminist approaches to the Burqa Decision and finds that the pluralist feminist discourse results in different and inconsistent potential resolutions to the case. The upshot is that the Burqa Decision, which was taken as a strong condemnation of a practise said to be symbolising the subjugation of the female to male domination, was confirming a view espoused largely by Western secular women. In doing so, and given the approval by France’s mainstream society, the award appears to have empowered this particular segment in the female population. At the same time however, the tribunal also stated the obvious namely, that gender equality has been serving as a powerful tool in the adjudicative struggle between secularism and religion. While women’s struggle for gender equality, especially in politics and the economy, has been protracted and not yet fully achieved, the comparatively brief and hurried commitment to gender equality at the intersection of religion and secularism, suggest that gender equality was not the only priority on the adjudicator’s mind, hence is not necessarily the ultimate winner of this award.
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Jane, Emma A. "‘Dude … stop the spread’: antagonism, agonism, and #manspreading on social media." International Journal of Cultural Studies 20, no. 5 (March 10, 2016): 459–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877916637151.
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Feminist campaigns on social media platforms have recently targeted ‘manspreading’ – a portmanteau describing men who sit in a way which fills multiple seats on public transport. Feminists claim this form of everyday sexism exemplifies male entitlement and have responded by posting candid online photographs of men caught manspreading. These ‘naming and shaming’ digilante strategies have been met with vitriolic responses from men’s rights activists. This article uses debates around manspreading to explore and appraise some key features of contemporary feminist activism online. Given the heat, amplification, and seemingly intractable nature of the argument, it investigates the usefulness of Chantal Mouffe’s agonistic pluralism to unpack the conflict. Ultimately, however, agonistic theory is found to have limits – in terms of this case study as well as more broadly. Some final thoughts are offered on how feminists might best navigate the pitfalls of online activism – including the problem of ‘false balance’ – going forward.
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