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Journal articles on the topic 'PLUMBAGIN ZEYLANICA'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

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1

Purwoko, Mitayani, Harijono Kario Sentono, Bambang Purwanto, and Dono Indarto. "Phytochemical evaluation of Plumbago zeylanica roots from Indonesia and assessment of its plumbagin concentration." Folia Medica 64, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/folmed.64.e58086.

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Introduction:Plumbago zeylanica grows widely in many tropical countries. In Indonesia, this plant, known as Daun Encok, has some beneficial effects on human health.  Aim: This exploration study aimed to identify the plumbagin compound in P. zeylanica roots from Indonesia.  Materials and methods: Dried roots of P. zeylanica were manually ground and then the powder was macerated using ethanol and chloroform for 24 hours at room temperature. All extracts of P. zeylanica were then analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Plumbagin concentration was measured by comparing the extract with pure plumbagin. Results: GC-MS analysis of ethanol extract and chloroform extract of P. zeylanica roots showed the presence of plumbagin as the highest peak. Plumbagin concentration in ethanol extract was 13%, while in chloroform extract it was 81%. Conclusions: The chloroform extract of P. zeylanica root from Indonesia demonstrates a higher concentration of plumbagin compared to ethanol extract. 

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2

Dubey, Nidhi, Nitin Dubey, Rajendra Mehta, and Ajay Kumar Saluja. "Determination of Psoralen and Plumbagin from Its Polyherbal Oil Formulations by an HPTLC Densitometric Method." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 92, no. 3 (May 1, 2009): 779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/92.3.779.

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Abstract Many polyherbal oil formulations in Indian and Chinese traditional systems of medicine used for control of skin diseases contain seeds of Psoralea corylifolia and roots of Plumbago zeylanica L. Psoralen and plumbagin are the reliable markers for Ps. corylifolia and Pl. zeylanica, respectively. However, no attempt is made to standardize the polyherbal oil formulations containing Ps. corylifolia and Pl. zeylanica in terms of their active ingredients or marker compounds. In this paper, a simple, rapid, and sensitive HPTLC method is described for the first time to identify and quantify psoralen and plumbagin from such polyherbal oil formulations. The methanolic extract of oil formulations was used for analysis of markers. Psoralen gives a sharp UV absorbance peak at 302 nm and plumbagin at 275 nm. Good resolution of psoralen (Rf = 0.37) and plumbagin (Rf = 0.77) was attained using tolueneethyl acetate (7.5 + 2.5, v/v) mobile phase. The method was validated in terms of calibration curve, limits of detection and quantification, precision, accuracy, and robustness following a standard protocol. Polyherbal oil formulations were analyzed with reasonable accuracy, and no matrix interference was observed. The method developed can be used for marker-based quality assurance of oil formulations containing Ps. corylifolia and Pl. zeylanica as one active ingredient.

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3

Ferreira, G. M., and K. S. Laddha. "A METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF DROSERONE FROM PLUMBAGIN." INDIAN DRUGS 50, no. 05 (May 28, 2013): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.50.05.p0053.

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Droserone (2,5-dihyrdoxy-3-methyl-1,4- naphthoquinone) was prepared from naturally occurring naphthoquinone plumbagin. Plumbagin was isolated from roots of Plumbago zeylanica. Plumbagin was first brominated at C-3 which was subsequently substituted with hydroxy group by a nucleophilic substitution to obtain Droserone. The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, MS, 1H and 13C NMR spectral data. RP-HPLC was used to ascertain the purity of the obtained compound.

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4

Ferreira, G. M., and K. S. Laddha. "A METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF DROSERONE FROM PLUMBAGIN." INDIAN DRUGS 50, no. 05 (May 28, 2013): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.50.05.p0053.

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Droserone (2,5-dihyrdoxy-3-methyl-1,4- naphthoquinone) was prepared from naturally occurring naphthoquinone plumbagin. Plumbagin was isolated from roots of Plumbago zeylanica. Plumbagin was first brominated at C-3 which was subsequently substituted with hydroxy group by a nucleophilic substitution to obtain Droserone. The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, MS, 1H and 13C NMR spectral data. RP-HPLC was used to ascertain the purity of the obtained compound.

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5

Adusei, Emmanuel B. A., Reimmel K. Adosraku, James Oppong-Kyekyeku, and Cedric D. K. Amengor. "Investigation of Acid-Base Indicator Property of Plumbagin from Plumbago zeylanica Linn." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2019 (August 18, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4061927.

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There has been an increasing interest in the search for colour indicators of natural origin for titrimetric analysis. This is due to some challenges associated with the currently used synthetic ones. This study evaluates and validates the acid-base indicator property of plumbagin isolated from Plumbago zeylanica Linn. Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) was isolated from the roots of Plumbago zeylanica Linn using silica gel chromatography and characterized using spectroscopic methods in comparison with those reported in the literature. Its acid-base indicator property was evaluated alongside phenolphthalein and methyl orange, after it was found to exhibit a sharp change in colour at various pH ranges. The plumbagin indicator was successfully used to assay ibuprofen powder and tablets (400 mg) using the British Pharmacopoeia (2013) method. Data obtained were analyzed statistically by Student’s t-test and one-way ANOVA in GraphPad Prism (version 5.01, 2010). Analysis of the use of the plumbagin indicator in acid-base titrations between strong acids and strong bases and between weak acids and strong bases has been evaluated and validated according to the ICH guidelines. Plumbagin use in ibuprofen powder and tablets has also been verified. Plumbagin has been validated for use as an indicator suitable for different acid-base titrations and the analysis of ibuprofen.

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6

Phuong, Nguyen Tran Dong, and Tran Thi Xuan Huong. "Effect of natural auxin from portulaca grandiflora hook and Ipomoea batatas (L.) Poir on the formation adventitious roots in vitro of Plumbago zeylanica L." ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 8, no. 2 (June 4, 2020): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46223/hcmcoujs.tech.en.8.2.344.2018.

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Plumbago zeylanica L. is a traditional herbal that has been reported to treat on skin diseases. Furthermore, some researchers have found plumbagin extracted from roots of this species can prevent cancer cell development. In current study, stems of Plumbago zeylanica L. were cultured on MS medium with BA 1.0 mg/L and IAA (0.01-0.15 mg/L) or NAA (0.1-0.15 mg/L). After 8-week cultured, stems were transferred to MS medium with extracted from stems of Portulaca grandiflora Hook (2-10 ml/L) or extracted from stems of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Poir. The results showed that, the appropriate medium for shoot formation was in MS with BA and IAA 0.1 mg/L or NAA 0.1 mg/L. The adventitious roots in vitro were formatted in MS medium supplied with extracted from stems Portulaca grandiflora Hook or from stems of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Poir 6 ml/L. Simultaneously, after 8-week cultured, the adventitious roots were collected and plumbagin qualitative were analyzed with pure plumbagin of Sigma. As the results, plumbagin presents in adventitious roots cultured.

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7

Su, Yan, Mao Li, Qi Wang, Xingfeng Xu, Peifang Qin, Haitao Huang, Yuting Zhang, Yali Zhou, and Jianguo Yan. "Inhibition of the TLR/NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Improvement of Autophagy Mediates Neuroprotective Effects of Plumbagin in Parkinson’s Disease." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2022 (December 22, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1837278.

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A naphthoquinone molecule known as plumbagin (PL), which has a wide range of pharmacological properties including antitumor, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and neuroprotective effects, is extracted from the roots of the medicinal herb Plumbago zeylanica L. Plumbagin has been studied for its potential to treat Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, its effectiveness and mechanism are still unknown. This study intends to evaluate plumbagin’s effectiveness against PD in vitro and in vivo. Plumbagin partially repaired the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigral substantia nigra and the resulting behavioural impairment caused by MPTP or MPTP/probenecid in mice. Furthermore, plumbagin treatment significantly inhibited the TLR/NF-κB pathways. It reduced the TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β mRNA expression in PD mice induced by MPTP or MPTP/probenecid, which was consistent with the findings in the inflammatory model of BV2 cells induced by MPP+ or LPS. In addition, plumbagin treatment enhanced the microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (LC3) LC3-II/LC3-I levels while decreasing the p-mTOR and p62 protein accumulation in PD mice induced by MPTP or MPTP/probenecid, which was similar to the results obtained from the experiments in SH-SY5Y and PC12 cells induced by MPP+. Consequently, our results support the hypothesis that plumbagin, by promoting autophagy and inhibiting the activation of the TLR/NF-κB signaling pathway, is a promising treatment agent for treating Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, to confirm plumbagin’s anti-PD action more thoroughly, other animal and cell PD models must be used in future studies.

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8

Aleem, Mohd. "Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Microbial Potential of Plumbago zeylanica L.: A Review." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 5-s (October 15, 2020): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i5-s.4445.

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Plumbago zeylanica L. (Pz) is one of the most important medicinal plant belonging to the family Plumbaginaceae. It is a perennial shrub, growing throughout India and most places of Sri Lanka. It contains various bioactive compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, naphthoquinones, glycoside, saponins, steroids, tri-terpenoids, coumarins, phenolic compounds etc. Of all the chemical constituents, plumbagin is the principal active compound. Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone-C11H8O3) is primarily present in roots in higher amounts with only about 1% in the whole plant. The literature reveals that the root and root bark have a wider claim in traditional medicines against various diseases as a memory enhancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, wound healing, anti-malarial, anti-infertility, anticancer, blood coagulation, and anti-oxidant activities. The present study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of this plant. Keyword: Plumbago zeylanica; Sheetraj; Chitrak; Anti-inflammatory; Antimicrobial; Traditional uses

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9

Rajbhar, Karishma, Jasvinder Kaushal, Himanshu Dawda, and Usha Mukundan. "QUANTIFICATION OF LEAF AND ROOT PLUMBAGIN IN PLUMBAGO ZEYLANICA FOLLOWED BY A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH CALLUS AND COMMERCIAL SOURCE." Journal of Advanced Scientific Research 13, no. 02 (March 31, 2022): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.55218/jasr.202213229.

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Plumbago zeylanica shows the presence of many phytochemical constituents of which plumbagin, a type of naphthoquinone, is vital and has major biological effects. Plumbagin is majorly present in the root of the plants, with a minimal concentration in other parts of the plant. However, extracting plumbagin from the roots is destructive harvesting. Thus, micropropagation could be a viable alternative to reduce the collection of plant from wild. Study from micropropagated leaf calli was considered as a steady and sustainable source of phytochemical. P. zeyalnica callus was subcultured in an appropriate medium with plant growth regulators to initiate root cultures. A comparative study was performed to estimate the quantities of plumbagin obtain from the wild plant root part and root created by callus culture differentiation.

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10

Patel, Hetal D., Ramar Krishnamurthy, and Musibau A. Azeez. "Effect of Biofertilizer on Growth, Yield and Bioactive Component of Plumbago zeylanica (Lead Wort)." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 5 (April 13, 2016): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n5p141.

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<p>A comparative study on effect of chemical fertilizer and biofertiliser on Plumbago zeylanica for growth, yield and bioactive component was conducted at Bardoli (district-Surat), India between 2012 and 2013 using Random Block Design method and monthly observation of growth parameters. Application of biofertiliser Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Phosphate solubilizing Bacteria and mixture of Aza + Azo + PSB increased plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, length of root, fresh weight, dry weight and bioactive component (plumbagin). Highest effect on height (91.33±10.13) of plant was obtained with PSB applied biofertiliser whereas the number of branches (14.67±0.47) and number of leaves (25.60±13.17) was obtained with Azospirillum biofertilizer application. The length PSB (33.33±1.32), fresh weight (26.44±1.32) and dry weight of roots (24.66±1.13) was realized with application of mixture of Aza + Azo + PSB. The bioactive component (plumbagin) was high with application of Azospirillum (0.026%w/w) using HPLC. The results of this study suggest that biofertiliser have the potential to increase the growth, yield and bioactive component of Plumbago zeylanica.</p>

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11

Tan, Ming Xiong, Xu Jian Luo, Yun Qiong Gu, and Gong Cong Lu. "The Interaction of Cytotoxic Sm (III) Complex of Plumbagin with Bovine Serum Albumin." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 1380–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.1380.

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Plumbagin (PLN) is isolated from Plumbago Zeylanica, an anticancer Traditional Chinese Medicine. The interaction between cytotoxic complex [Sm (PLN)3(H2O)2]H2O and bovine serum albumin (BSA) is investigated by fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence, and UV-vis spectra. It is observed that Sm(III) complex can reduce the fluorescence intensity of BSA by the way of static quenching.

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12

Zhang, Yilin, Guantai Ni, and Hongying Yang. "Plumbagin attenuates high glucose-induced trophoblast cell apoptosis and insulin resistance via activating AKT/mTOR pathway." Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods 13, no. 3 (November 6, 2021): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/qas.v13i3.960.

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Plumbagin, a bioactive phytoconstituent, is isolated from the root of Plumbago zeylanica L. Plumbagin possesses antidiabetic effect to mediate glucose homeostasis, wound healing and diabetic nephropathy. However, the involvement of plumbagin in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has not been reported yet. Trophoblast cell line (HTR8/SVneo) was incubated with high glucose to establish cell model of GDM. Cell viability and proliferation were detected by MTT and EdU staining. Flow cytometry was used to investigate cell apoptosis. Cell viability of HTR8/SVneo was reduced by high glucose or incubation of plumbagin. Plumbagin restored reduced cell viability and proliferation of HTR8/SVneo induced by high glucose. Plumbagin attenuated high glucose-induced cell apoptosis in HTR8/SVneo cells through upregulation of Bcl-2 and down-regulation of Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9. Protein expression of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4), insulin receptor (INSR)-B and INSR substrate (IRS1) was decreased in high glucose-induced HTR8/SVneo but increased by plumbagin. The suppressive effects of high glucose on phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR in HTR8/SVneo were reversed by plumbagin. Plumbagin improved high glucose-induced cell apoptosis and insulin resistance of HTR8/SVneo through activation of AKT/mTOR pathway, suggesting that plumbagin might be used as a potential strategy for the prevention of GDM.

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13

Chelladurai, Iyyanar, and Habeebmoon K C. "Comparative HPTLC fingerprint profile of three types of Kodiveli used in Siddha." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 13, no. 1 (April 5, 2022): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v13i1.2336.

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Kodiveli is an important Siddha drug used in the formulations such as Kodiveli Podi, Kodiveli Ennai, Kodiveli Thylam, Chithramoola Kuligai and Kodiveli Kudineer. The HPTLC is a simple method to differentiate closely related species. HPTLC profiling of ethanolic extracts of roots of three species of Plumbago (Plumbago zeylanica L. (Venkodiveli), P.indica L., (Senkodiveli) and P. auriculata Lam. (Karunkodiveli)) has been carried out using Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Methanol (5:1.5:0.1) as solvent system on Silica gel 60 F254-coated aluminium sheets. The preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening found the same combination of phytoconstituents while the HPTLC finger prints have given more refined picture in respect of the number of compounds present and plumbagin concentration among the three selected species of Plumbago. The chromatogram peak at Rf. 0.76 found common and indicating highest concentration in all the three species and it may be of the bioactive compound plumbagin. The number of peaks and their attributes were found to be different among the roots of the selected species. This result will be highly useful for the precise identification and discrimination of the authentic root materials of P. zeylanica, P. Indica and P. Auriculata from substitutes and adulterants used in the raw drug market.

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Adusei, Emmanuel B. A., Reimmel K. Adosraku, James Oppong-Kyekyeku, Cedric D. K. Amengor, and Yakubu Jibira. "Resistance Modulation Action, Time-Kill Kinetics Assay, and Inhibition of Biofilm Formation Effects of Plumbagin from Plumbago zeylanica Linn." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019 (November 26, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1250645.

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a threat to the prevention and treatment of the increasing range of infectious diseases. There is therefore the need for renewed efforts into antimicrobial discovery and development to combat the menace. The antimicrobial activity of plumbagin isolated from roots of Plumbago zeylanica against selected organisms was evaluated for resistance modulation antimicrobial assay, time-kill kinetics assay, and inhibition of biofilm formation. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of plumbagin and standard drugs were determined via the broth microdilution method to be 0.5 to 8 μg/mL and 0.25–128 μg/mL, respectively. In the resistance modulation study, MICs of the standard drugs were redetermined in the presence of subinhibitory concentration of plumbagin (4 μg/mL), and plumbagin was found to either potentiate or reduce the activities of these standard drugs with the highest potentiation recorded up to 12-folds for ketoconazole against Candida albicans. Plumbagin was found to be bacteriostatic and fungistatic from the time-kill kinetics study. Plumbagin demonstrated strong inhibition of biofilm formation activity at concentrations of 128, 64, and 32 μg/mL against the test microorganisms compared with ciprofloxacin. Plumbagin has been proved through this study to be a suitable lead compound in antimicrobial resistance drug development.

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15

Uplanchiwar, Vaibhav, Gupta Mk, and Rupesh K. Gautam. "BIOACTIVITY-GUIDED ISOLATION OF MEMORY-ENHANCING COMPOUND FROM CHLOROFORM EXTRACT OF ROOTS OF PLUMBAGO ZEYLANICA LINN." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 7 (July 7, 2018): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i7.27028.

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Aim: The main aim of our study is to isolate the active compound from roots of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. by bioactivity-guided isolation and evaluate its memory-enhancing effect by Morris water maze.Methods: Roots were extracted by successive solvent methods by petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, butanol, and finally, water. Chloroform extract was selected for isolation, and plumbagin was isolated by hexane and ethyl acetate as solvent system. Plumbagin was evaluated by Morris water test, and brain acetylcholine esterase level was measured.Result: Plumbagin showed a significant decrease of escape latency and increase of time spent in target quadrant by mice in Morris water maze indicating improvement of learning and memory. It also significantly decreases the cholinesterase level in the brain.Conclusion: Learning and memory of mice doubtless may be through embarrassment of brain acetyl cholinesterase activity and through involvement of GABA-benzodiazepine pathway. Further detailed study is required to explore the other possible mechanisms for the management of cognitive disorders.

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16

Roy, Arpita, and Navneeta Bharadvaja. "A review on pharmaceutically important medical plant: Plumbago zeylanica." Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 3, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jahm.2017.3411.

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Medicinal plants have been used as a source of medicine and they are in great demand worldwide. They have been used for many years to treat health disorders and prevent diseases. Plumbago zeylanica is one of the medicinal plants which are widely used for its therapeutic value. It contains several bioactive compounds like napthoquinones, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, tri-terpenoids, tannins, fixed oils, fats, proteins, etc among all plumbagin is most important bioactive compounds. It possesses wide range of pharmaceutical activities such as anti-cancer, antidiabetic, anti-malarial, anti-microbial, etc. Several studies have been done in evaluation of its pharmaceutical activities. The aim of the present review is to provide a comprising knowledge related to the chemical composition and pharmaceutical activity of P. zeylanica.

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17

Sakamoto, Seiichi, Waraporn Putalun, Benyakan Pongkitwitoon, Thaweesak Juengwatanatrakul, Yukihiro Shoyama, Hiroyuki Tanaka, and Satoshi Morimoto. "Modulation of plumbagin production in Plumbago zeylanica using a single-chain variable fragment antibody against plumbagin." Plant Cell Reports 31, no. 1 (September 11, 2011): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-011-1143-6.

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18

Sandhya P and Snehalata J. "Formulation development and evaluation of antiacne activity of ethosomal gel prepared using Plumbago zeylanica root extract." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (September 26, 2020): 5511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3185.

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The objective of present research work is, to develop an ethosome, as a carrier system for Plumbago root extract, its incorporation into gel formulations and to characterize the developed gel formulations by estimation of plumbagin content and study of antiacne activity. Roots of Plumbago zeylanica L (Plumbaginaceae) contains Plumbagin and is used for skin infections and intestinal worms. Topical therapy for acne includes comedolytic agents, antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs. The excessive use of antibiotics has led to the increased resistance of acne-causing bacteria. In this research work, plumbago roots have been screened for their potential use for the treatment of acne and hydroalcoholic extract of the roots was found to be effective. Seven batches (EF1-EF7) of ethosomes were prepared using soya lecithin (1-3%) and ethanol (10-45%) and the hydroalcoholic extract. The range of entrapment efficiency varied from 17.12 to 80.82%. The ethosomes EF6 having highest entrapment efficiency was incorporated into gel formulation. Carbopol 934P (0.5 -2%) was used to prepare ethosomal gel and evaluated for physicochemical properties, drug content and diffusion characteristics. The pH of the gel was in the range of 6.87 to 7.03. Viscosity was between 5600 - 9800 centipoises. The % drug content was in the range of 95.91% to 100.7%. The ethosome, in their gel formulation, showed good physicochemical properties, drug content and diffusion pattern. The anti-acne activity of F3 showed good zones of inhibition comparable with standard Clindamycin. The present study suggested ethosomal gel as an efficient carrier for plumbago root extract for antiacne activity.

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19

Basu, Amrita, Raj Kumar Joshi, and Sumita Jha. "Genetic Transformation of Plumbago zeylanica with Agrobacterium rhizogenes Strain LBA 9402 and Characterization of Transformed Root Lines." Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology 25, no. 1 (July 9, 2015): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v25i1.24123.

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High frequency transformation (73.80 ± 2.24%) has been obtained in Plumbago zeylanica using nodes and internodes of axenic whole plants infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain LBA 9402. The root lines could be distinguished morphologically into two types : Root lines of morphotypes I and II. While morphotype I showed profuse branching with short (< 1 cm), highly dense hairy laterals, the roots of morphotype II roots were characterized also by profuse branching with long hairy laterals (> 3 ? 4 cm). Only four of the ten root lines showed integration of four rol genes (rolA, rolB, rolC and rolD) of TL?DNA. None of the root lines showed presence of any of the five genes of TR?DNA. It is noteworthy that the root morphotypes (I and II) showed a clear distinction in the nature of integration and expression of rol genes. The transformed root lines varied significantly (p ? 0.05) with respect to DW (GI DW basis, 2.19 ± 0.24 ? 5.31 ± 0.6) after 4 weeks of culture on solid modified MS; and plumbagin contents in root lines (4.81 ± 0.16 ? 6.69 ± 0.34 mg/g DW) were higher than that reported earlier. Transformed root lines of P. zeylanica maintained in vitro on phytohormone devoid medium for over 2 years can be used for scale up studies for the production of plumbagin in bioreactors.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 25(1): 21-35, 2015 (June)

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20

Shailja Choudhary, Hemlata Kaurav, and Gitika Chaudhary. "Citraka (Plumbago zeylanica): A Potential Rejuvenator." International Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 8, no. 2 (April 7, 2021): 202–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijrasb.8.2.26.

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Plumbago zeylanica is also known as chitraka, doctor bush, or leadwort. It is the most popular herbal plant that belongs to the family Plumbaginaceae or leadwort. Plumbagin is the most important chemical constituent present in the roots, leaves and stem of the plant that is responsible for various pharmacological actions including anti-malarial, anti-obese, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer. Traditionally it is used to treat variety of diseases such as dysmenorrhea, leprosy, anemia, rheumatic pain, cold, cough, arthritis and many more. It is considered as the most significant herbal plant in the ayurveda medicinal system of India and is widely accepted as a rejuvenator because of the presence of bioactive compounds. Various formulations of chitraka plant have made this plant more effective in the field of medicine. The plant carries various therapeutic properties and acts as a cardiotonic, neuroprotective and cns stimulant. The review aim is to provide data or information related to chitraka plant its usage in traditional and ayurveda medicinal system, its pharmacological properties and toxicity when taken in excessive amount. From the collected data, it is clear that the plant has great potential to cure various diseases and needs more research and development to explore its more pharmacological properties and socio-economic impact.

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Singh, RK, and Pooja Shukla. "Toxicogenomics of Phenylhydrazine Induced Hematotoxicity and its Attenuation by Plumbagin from Plumbago zeylanica." Pharmacognosy Magazine 11, no. 44 (2015): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.168983.

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22

Roy, Arpita, and Navneeta Bharadvaja. "Establishment of root suspension culture of Plumbago zeylanica and enhanced production of plumbagin." Industrial Crops and Products 137 (October 2019): 419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.05.007.

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23

S, Sharmila, Kalaichelvi K, and Jayanthi G. "PHYSICO AND PHYTO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF PLUMBAGO ZEYLANICA L. - A POTANT INDIAN HERB." Kongunadu Research Journal 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2014): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj48.

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Medicinal plants are an integral component of alternative medical care. For millennia, Indian people traditionally played an important role in the management of biological resources and were custodians of related knowledge that they acquired through trial and error over centuries. India has a rich wealth ofmedicinal plants and the potential to accept the challenge to meet the global demand for them. In recent time, focus on plant research has increased all over the world and a large body evidence has collected to show immense potential of medicinal plants used in various traditional system. Plumbago zeylanica L.(Plumbaginaceae) is a tropical plant and the source for the well known ayurvedic drug ‘chitrakah’. Different parts of this plant are widely used for variety of medicinal treatments. Especially used for appetite, indigestion, piles, worms, liver diseases and cancer treatments. The present study was therefore carried outto provide pharmacognostic details of root of Plumbago zeylanica. The physico-chemical analysis of ash content indicated the presence of inorganic matter and siliceous matter in the drug. The phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids. Plumbagin is anaturally occurring yellow pigment, produced by member of plumbaginaceae that can be obtained from roots

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Bothiraja, Chellampillai, Prajakta P. Joshi, Ganesh Y. Dama, and Atmaram P. Pawar. "Rapid method for isolation of plumbagin, an alternative medicine from roots of Plumbago zeylanica." European Journal of Integrative Medicine 3, no. 1 (April 2011): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2011.02.008.

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Yin, Zhenhua, Juanjuan Zhang, Lin Chen, Qingfeng Guo, Baocheng Yang, Wei Zhang, and Wenyi Kang. "Anticancer Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Plumbagin: Review of Research Advances." BioMed Research International 2020 (December 1, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6940953.

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Plumbagin (PLB), a natural naphthoquinone constituent isolated from the roots of the medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica L., exhibited anticancer activity against a variety of cancer cell lines including breast cancer, hepatoma, leukemia, melanoma, prostate cancer, brain tumor, tongue squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, lung cancer, kidney adenocarcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, gastric cancer, lymphocyte carcinoma, osteosarcoma, and canine cancer. PLB played anticancer activity via many molecular mechanisms, such as targeting apoptosis, autophagy pathway, cell cycle arrest, antiangiogenesis pathway, anti-invasion, and antimetastasis pathway. Among these signaling pathways, the key regulatory genes regulated by PLB were NF-kβ, STAT3, and AKT. PLB also acted as a potent inducer of reactive oxygen species (ROS), suppressor of cellular glutathione, and novel proteasome inhibitor, causing DNA double-strand break by oxidative DNA base damage. This review comprehensively summarizes the anticancer activity and mechanism of PLB.

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Chen, Chien-An, Hen-Hong Chang, Chung-Yu Kao, Tung-Hu Tsai, and Yu-Jen Chen. "Plumbagin, Isolated from Plumbago zeylanica, Induces Cell Death through Apoptosis in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells." Pancreatology 9, no. 6 (January 2009): 797–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000210028.

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Nayak, Pranati, Mukesh Sharma, Sailesh N. Behera, Manikkannan Thirunavoukkarasu, and Pradeep K. Chand. "High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Quantification of Plumbagin from Transformed Rhizoclones of Plumbago zeylanica L.: Inter-Clonal Variation in Biomass Growth and Plumbagin Production." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 175, no. 3 (November 26, 2014): 1745–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-014-1392-2.

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Panda, S., and A. Kamble. "Genotypic and Seasonal Variation of Plumbagin Content from Different Populations of Plumbago zeylanica L. in India." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences 86, no. 1 (October 28, 2014): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40011-014-0432-6.

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Vasav, Arati P., Anupama A. Pable, and Vitthal T. Barvkar. "Differential transcriptome and metabolome analysis of Plumbago zeylanica L. reveal putative genes involved in plumbagin biosynthesis." Fitoterapia 147 (November 2020): 104761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104761.

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Sudhakaran, Madathilparambil Vasu. "Micromorphology of Salt glands and content of marker compound Plumbagin in the leaves of Plumbago zeylanica Linn." Pharmacognosy Journal 11, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/pj.2019.1.27.

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Wang, Yuan-Chuen, and Tung-Liang Huang. "High-performance liquid chromatography for quantification of plumbagin, an anti-Helicobacter pylori compound of Plumbago zeylanica L." Journal of Chromatography A 1094, no. 1-2 (November 2005): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.07.092.

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Verma, Praveen C., Digvijay Singh, Laiq ur Rahman, Madan Mohan Gupta, and Suchitra Banerjee. "In vitro -studies in Plumbago zeylanica : rapid micropropagation and establishment of higher plumbagin yielding hairy root cultures." Journal of Plant Physiology 159, no. 5 (January 2002): 547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/0176-1617-00518.

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Patidar, S. L., Gyanendra Tiwari, M. K. Tripathi, R. P. Patel, and S. N. Mishra. "In vitrobiosynthesis and quantification of plumbagin in cell suspension culture ofPlumbago zeylanica." Medicinal Plants - International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries 7, no. 1 (2015): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0975-6892.2015.00009.x.

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Sudhakaran, Madathilparambil Vasu. "Histo-Chromatographic Finger Printing Profiles of the Root of Plumbago zeylanica Linn and Quantification of Marker Compound, Plumbagin." Pharmacognosy Journal 9, no. 6s (November 25, 2017): s77—s86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/pj.2017.6s.161.

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Bhinde, SonamS, ArunKumar Ravi, BiswajyotiJ Patgiri, CR Harisha, and VinayJ Shukla. "Standard operating procedure of Purification of Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.) along with pharmacognostical and analytical profiles of Plumbagin." AYU (An international quarterly journal of research in Ayurveda) 41, no. 2 (2020): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ayu.ayu_299_20.

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Dohare, Bharti, Bharti Jain, Swati Khare, and Kirti Jain. "Comparative Estimation of Plumbagin in Aerial and Root Part of Plumbago zeylanica Using UV-Visible Spectrophotometric." UK Journal of Pharmaceutical Biosciences 3, no. 3 (June 1, 2015): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20510/ukjpb/3/i3/89384.

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Saxena, Hari Om, Brij Mohan, Arun Kakkar, and Ganesh. "Evaluation of Plumbagin in Roots of Plumbago zeylanica L. from Different Locations of Central India for Quality Assessment." Asian Journal of Chemistry 28, no. 11 (2016): 2502–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2016.20052.

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Sandeep, Gupta, Ahirwar Dheeraj, Neeraj Kumar Sharma, Deenanath Jhade, and Ahirwar Bharti. "Effect of plumbagin free alcohol extract of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. root on reproductive system of female Wistar rats." Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 4, no. 12 (December 2011): 978–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1995-7645(11)60230-7.

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Purwoko, Mitayani, Dono Indarto, Harijono Kariosentono, Bambang Purwanto, Soetrisno Soetrisno, and Risya Cilmiaty. "Chloroform Extract of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. Roots Ameliorates the Epidermal Thickness of Imiquimod-induced Psoriatic Mice through Cell Cycle and Apoptosis." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, B (April 22, 2022): 1129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9540.

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Introduction: Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic skin disease which is characterized by recurrent scales on skin. The global prevalence of this disease has increased in ten years. Plumbagin is an active compound in the P. zeylanica Linn. Some recent studies revealed that P. zeylanica Linn extracts have the antiproliferative activity, which is used for treatment of some human diseases. The aim of this study was to investigated the effect of Chloroform extract of P. zeylanica Linn roots (CEP) on epidermal thickness of Imiquimod-induced psoriatic mice. Methods: This was a post-test only control group design. A total of 42 male BALB/c mice was divided into six groups. Mice in treatment groups orally received 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight CEP, respectively while positive control orally received 1 mg/kg body weight Methotrexate for seven days. Evaluation of epidermal thickness based on histological changes, serum IL-23 level by ELISA, and Cyclin-dependent kinase 2, Cyclin A, and Caspase-3 expressions by immunohistochemistry. Results: Administrations of CEP decreased the epidermal thickness of psoriatic plaques in all treatment groups (p = 0.002, 0.003, and 0.016 respectively) compared to negative control but it did not reduce the serum IL-23 level. The expressions of CDK2 and Cyclin A reduced in T2 and T3 groups and the expression of Caspase-3 increased was only in T3 group. Conclusion: Chloroform extract of P. zeylanica Linn roots administrations reduce the epidermal thickness of Imiquimod-induced psoriatic mice by inhibition of keratinocyte cell cycle and induction of Caspase-3 expression.

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Tilak, Jai C., Soumyakanti Adhikari, and Thomas P. A. Devasagayam. "Antioxidant properties ofPlumbago zeylanica, an Indian medicinal plant and its active ingredient, plumbagin." Redox Report 9, no. 4 (August 2004): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/135100004225005976.

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Singh, Tikkam, Upasana Sharma, and Veena Agrawal. "Isolation and optimization of plumbagin production in root callus of Plumbago zeylanica L. augmented with chitosan and yeast extract." Industrial Crops and Products 151 (September 2020): 112446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112446.

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Hsieh, Yen-Ju, Lei-Chwen Lin, and Tung-Hu Tsai. "Determination and identification of plumbagin from the roots of Plumbago zeylanica L. by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry." Journal of Chromatography A 1083, no. 1-2 (August 2005): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.06.030.

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Rohimatun, Rohimatun, and Wiratno Wiratno. "POTENSI DAN PROSPEK DAUN ENCOK (Plumbago zeylanica L.) SEBAGAI BAHAN AKTIF PESTISIDA NABATI." Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian 34, no. 3 (January 14, 2016): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jp3.v34n3.2015.p117-124.

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<p>Daun encok (<em>Plumbago zeylanica</em> L.) merupakan tanaman obat<br />yang juga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan aktif pestisida nabati.<br />Plumbagin merupakan salah satu senyawa sekunder penting yang<br />terkandung dalam tanaman ini dan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan<br />aktif insektisida (<em>Brontispa longgissima</em>), akarisida (<em>Amblyomma</em><br /><em>variegatum</em>), leismanisida (<em>Tripanosoma protozoa</em> dan <em>Leishmania</em><br /><em>donovani</em>), nematisida (<em>Aphelenchoides besseyi</em> dan <em>Meloidogyne</em><br /><em>incognita</em>), fungisida (<em>Aspergillus sp. dan Fusarium sp.</em>), dan<br />bakterisida (<em>Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pneumococcus spp</em>.,<br /><em>Salmonella</em> dan lainnya). Keefektifan senyawa sekunder daun encok<br />sebagai bahan aktif pestisida nabati belum dipahami secara lengkap<br />sehingga perlu diteliti agar dapat menjadi acuan bagi peneliti dan<br />petani pengguna. Pemanfaatan daun encok sebagai bahan baku<br />pestisida nabati diharapkan dapat menekan penggunaan pestisida<br />kimia sintetis yang cenderung berlebihan sekaligus menciptakan<br />keseimbangan ekologi secara berkelanjutan. Tanaman daun encok<br />dapat diperbanyak dengan menggunakan setek dan kultur jaringan.<br />Pemanfaatan bahan nabati, khususnya daun encok, sebagai pestisida<br />nabati akan mengurangi ketergantungan petani pada bahan kimia<br />sintetis sehingga dapat menghasilkan produk yang lebih berdaya<br />saing, ramah lingkungan, dan aman bagi kesehatan.</p>

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Xu, Tong-Peng, Hua Shen, Ling-Xiang Liu, and Yong-Qian Shu. "Plumbagin from Plumbago Zeylanica L Induces Apoptosis in Human Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines through NF-κB Inactivation." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 14, no. 4 (April 30, 2013): 2325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.4.2325.

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Kushwaha, Poonam, Babita Shukla, Jyotsana Dwivedi, and Sumedha Saxena. "Densitometric high-performance thin-layer chromatographic fingerprinting method for the determination and quantification of plumbagin in Plumbago zeylanica L. roots." JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC 34, no. 4 (August 2021): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00764-021-00124-6.

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Kushwaha, Poonam, Babita Shukla, Jyotsana Dwivedi, and Sumedha Saxena. "Densitometric high-performance thin-layer chromatographic fingerprinting method for the determination and quantification of plumbagin in Plumbago zeylanica L. roots." JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC 34, no. 4 (August 2021): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00764-021-00124-6.

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Sharma, Upasana, and Veena Agrawal. "In vitro shoot regeneration and enhanced synthesis of plumbagin in root callus of Plumbago zeylanica L.—an important medicinal herb." In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant 54, no. 4 (February 2, 2018): 423–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11627-018-9889-y.

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Sand, J. M., B. B. Hafeez, M. S. Jamal, O. Witkowsky, E. M. Siebers, J. Fischer, and A. K. Verma. "Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone), isolated from Plumbago zeylanica, inhibits ultraviolet radiation-induced development of squamous cell carcinomas." Carcinogenesis 33, no. 1 (November 9, 2011): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgr249.

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Huang, Hang, Hui Xie, Yue Pan, Kewen Zheng, Yiqun Xia, and Wei Chen. "Plumbagin Triggers ER Stress-Mediated Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells via Induction of ROS." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 45, no. 1 (2018): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000486773.

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Background/Aims: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Currently available therapies for hormone-refractory PCa are only marginally effective. Plumbagin (PLB), a natural naphthoquinone isolated from the traditional folk medicine Plumbago zeylanica, is known to selectively kill tumor cells. Nevertheless, antitumor mechanisms initiated by PLB in cancer cells have not been fully defined. Methods: MTT assay was used to evaluate the effect of PLB on the viability of cancer cells. Cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were determined by flow cytometry. Protein expression was detected by western blotting. In vivo anti-tumor effect was measured by using tumor xenoqraft model in nude mice. Results: In the present study, we found that PLB decreases cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis in DU145 and PC-3 cells. In addition, by increasing intracellular ROS levels, PLB induced a lethal endoplasmic reticulum stress response in PCa cells. Importantly, blockage of ROS production significantly reversed PLB-induced ER stress activation and cell apoptosis. In vivo, we found that PLB inhibits the growth of PCa xenografts without exhibiting toxicity Treatment of mice bearing human PCa xenografts with PLB was also associated with induction of ER stress activation. Conclusion: Inducing ER stress by PLB thus discloses a previously unrecognized mechanism underlying the biological activity of PLB and provides an in-depth insight into the action of PLB in the treatment of hormone-refractory PCa.

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Unnikrishnan, KP, SSudhakar Raja, and Indira Balachandran. "A reverse phase HPLC-UV and HPTLC methods for determination of plumbagin inPlumbago indicaandPlumbago zeylanica." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 70, no. 6 (2008): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0250-474x.49142.

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