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Journal articles on the topic 'Plum pox virus (PPV)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 November 2022

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1

Polák, J., J. Kumar, B. Krška, and M. Ravelonandro. "Biotech/GM crops in horticulture: plum cv. HoneySweet resistant to Plum pox virus." Plant Protection Science 48, Special Issue (December 12, 2012): S43—S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/37/2012-pps.

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Commercialisation of Biotech/GM (Biotech) crops started in 1995. Not only field crops, but also horticultural transgenic crops are under development and are beginning to be commercialised. Genetic engineering has the potential to revolutionise fruit tree breeding. The development of transgenic fruit cultivars is in progress. Over the past 20 years an international public sector research team has collaborated in the development of HoneySweet plum which is highly resistant to Plum pox virus (PPV) the most devastating disease of plums and other stone fruits. HoneySweet was deregulated in the USA in 2010. HoneySweet (aka C5) has been evaluated for eleven years (2002–2012) in a regulated field trial in the CzechRepublic for the resistance to PPV, Prune dwarf virus (PDV), and Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), all of them being serious diseases of plum. Even under the high and permanent infection pressure produced through grafting, PPV has only been detected in HoneySweet trees in several leaves and fruits situated close to the point of inoculum grafting. The lack of infection spread in HoneySweet demonstrates its high level of PPV resistance. Co-infections of PPV with PDV and/or ACLSV had practically no influence on the quantity and quality of HoneySweet fruit which are large, sweet, and of a high eating quality. In many respects, they are superior to the fruits of the well-known cultivar Stanley. Many fruit growers and fruit tree nurseries in the CzechRepublic are supportive of the deregulation of HoneySweet plum to help improve the plum production and control the spread of PPV.

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2

Polák, J. "Distribution of Plum pox virus in the Czech Republic ." Plant Protection Science 38, No. 3 (February 6, 2012): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4859-pps.

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Plum pox virus (PPV) is widely distributed in plums and myrobalans in western, central and easternBohemia, in north-western, central and north-easternMoravia of theCzechRepublic. In southernBohemia and partly also in southernMoravia there is only a low and sporadic incidence. Naturally growing plums and myrobalans, and plums growing along roads were found to be the main sources and reservoirs of PPV infection. This high incidence in naturally growing plum and myrobalan trees makes it impossible to grow plum cultivars that are susceptible to PPV; only resistant cultivars can be grown in this country. In blackthorns the occurrence of PPV is limited to the regions with high and long-term presence of the virus. Therefore, we can conclude that blackthorn is not the primary, but a secondary source of PPV. On the other hand, sweet and sour cherries at localities of central and westernBohemia, and of southernMoravia are PPV-free. Till now the presence of strain PPV-C was not proved in theCzechRepublic. Strain PPV-M was proved only in two plum and one damson trees. It was also found in one apricot and one peach orchard planted with imported nursery material. Strain PPV-M appears to have been introduced recently and is absent from or has a very low incidence in spontaneous PPV hosts, while the widespread and long-term dissemination of strain PPV-D may indicate that it originated in the Czech Republic.

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3

Mihaljfi, Teodora, Renata Iličić, Goran Barać, Zagorka Savić, and Ferenc Bagi. "Importance and symptomatology of plum pox virus." Biljni lekar 49, no. 5 (2021): 602–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2105602m.

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The plum pox virus was discovered in Bulgaria between 1915 and 1918, hence the name "plum pox". Despite strict quarantine measures, as early as 1980s, this virus was widespread in whole Europe, but its presence was also confirmed in South and North America, Africa and Asia. The only continent where the infection with this virus has not been described yet is Australia. The presence of strains PPV-D, PPV-M and PPV-Rec has been confirmed in Serbia. The PPV-M strain spreads very quickly naturally, and it is considered as very dangerous for stone fruit trees. Trees infected with the plum pox virus do not decay, but bear fruit of poorer quality. Poorer quality of fruits reduces their market value, which leads to significant economic damage.

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4

Polák, J., and J. Pívalová. "Sporadic distribution of Plum pox virus M strain in natural sources in the Czech Republic." Horticultural Science 32, No. 3 (November 23, 2011): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3770-hortsci.

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The presence and distribution of M strain of Plum pox virus (PPV-M) were investigated in natural hosts of Sharka, plums, myrobalans and blackthorns in the Czech Republic. Leaves or flowers of trees were evaluated for the presence of PPV by specific polyclonal antibodies at first. PPV infected samples were investigated for the presence of PPV-M by strain specific monoclonal antibodies. 102 PPV isolates from plum, 81 from myrobalan and 25 from blackthorn were typed. PPV-M was detected in six plum trees, six myrobalan trees and in one shrub of blackthorn. Sporadic incidence of PPV-M was proved in all investigated areas of the Czech Republic. Molecular and serological typing of different PPV strains in natural hosts, plum, apricot, and peach orchards was proposed to realize in Central Europe.  

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5

Polák, J. "Viruses of blackthorn and road-bordering trees of plum, myrobalan, sweet and sour cherries in the Czech Republic." Plant Protection Science 43, No. 1 (January 7, 2008): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2351-pps.

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The distribution of <i>Plum pox virus</i> (PPV), <i>Prune dwarf virus</i> (PDV), <i>Prunus necrotic ringspot virus</i> (PNRSV), <i>Apple chlorotic ringspot virus</i> (ACLSV) and <i>Apple mosaic virus</i> (ApMV) in naturally growing shrubs of blackthorn and road-bordering trees of plum and myrobalan, and of PPV, PDV, PNRSV and <i>Cherry leafroll virus</i> (CLRV) in sweet and sour cherry trees were investigated. The most widely distributed viruses were PPV in plums (74% of the investigated trees were infected); PPV, PDV, and PNRSV in myrobalans (26%, 11% and 18%, respectively), PDV in blackthorns (27%), and PDV and PNRSV in cherries (25% and 22%). PPV was not detected in sweet and sour cherries. The incidence of ACLSV and ApMV was negligible in individually growing trees of the genus Prunus in the Czech Republic.

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6

Hauptmanová, A., and J. Polák. "The elimination of Plum pox virus in plum cv. Bluefree and apricot cv. Hanita by chemotherapy of in vitro cultures." Horticultural Science 38, No. 2 (May 3, 2011): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10/2010-hortsci.

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In vitro cultures of plum cv. Bluefree and apricot cv. Hanita infected with Plum pox virus (PPV) were used for the virus elimination by chemotherapy. Low ribavirin concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/l in Murashige-Skoog medium were applied in the treatment. Plum pox virus was completely eliminated by 5 mg/l of ribavirin in plum cv. Bluefree within twenty weeks and in apricot cv. Hanita in twelve weeks of the application. Plum pox virus was completely eliminated by 10 mg/l of ribavirin both in plum cv. Bluefree and apricot cv. Hanita within twelve weeks. The presence of PPV was not proved by RT-PCR. Clones of plum cv. Bluefree and apricot cv. Hanita were re-tested by RT-PCR one year after the termination of the ribavirin treatment and negative results confirmed the elimination of Plum pox virus.

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7

Polák, J., M. Ravelonandro, J. Kumar-Kundu, J. Pívalová, and R. Scorza. "Interactions of Plum pox virus strain Rec with Apple chlorotic leafspot virus and Prune dwarf viruses in field-grown transgenic plum Prunus domestica L., clone C5." Plant Protection Science 44, No. 1 (April 10, 2008): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/535-pps.

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Transgenic plums, <I>Prunus domestica</I> L. clone C5, were inoculated by bud grafting with <I>Plum pox virus</I> (PPV-Rec, recombinant strain originated from plum), PPV-Rec + <I>Apple chlorotic leafspot virus</I> (ACLSV), PPV-Rec + <I>Prune dwarf virus</I> (PDV), and PPV-Rec + ACLSV + PDV. Non-inoculated transgenic plums served as controls. Plants were grown in an open field for 5 years. They were evaluated by visible symptoms, by DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR. Mild PPV symptoms, diffuse spots or rings appeared two years after inoculation in some leaves of plants artificially inoculated with PPV-Rec, PPV-Rec + ACLSV, PPV-Rec + PDV, and PPV-Rec + ACLSV + PDV. Severe PPV symptoms appeared in leaves of shoots growing from infected buds used for inoculation. During the following three years, further weakening of PPV symptoms was observed in transgenic plants. In 2007, very mild PPV symptoms were found in only a few leaves, and over 60%, resp. 70% of the C5 trees showed no PPV symptoms. The presence of PPV was confirmed by ELISA, ISEM and RT-PCR. No difference in PPV symptoms was observed between PPV-Rec and combinations PPV-Rec + ACLSV, PPV-Rec + PDV, PPV-Rec + ACLSV + PDV. No symptoms of ACLSV appeared in combinations of ACLSV with PPV-Rec and PPV-Rec + PDV during 2004–2007, but the presence of ACLSV in leaves of transgenic plants clone C5 was proved by ELISA and RT-PCR. Neither synergistic nor antagonistic effects of ACLSV on PPV-Rec were observed. No symptoms of PDV appeared in combinations of viruses with PDV during 2004–2007. PDV was not detected by ELISA, and the presence of PDV was uncertain by RT-PCR in most of inoculated trees in 2006 and 2007. The results of RT-PCR will be further confirmed by sequence analysis and discussed. These results suggest a possible antagonistic interaction between PPV-Rec and PDV in plum clone C5.

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8

Jevremovic, Darko, and Svetlana Paunovic. "Plum pox virus strains: Diversity and geographical distribution in Serbia." Pesticidi i fitomedicina 29, no. 2 (2014): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif1402097j.

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Plum pox virus (PPV) is the causal agent of Sharka disease. Since its discovery, Sharka has been considered as a calamity in plum orchards. PPV is present worldwide in many Prunus species, causing great economic losses. In highly susceptible plum varieties, such as Pozegaca, PPV causes a premature fruit drop and reduces fruit quality, which leads to total yield loss. Eight PPV strains (PPV-M, PPV-D, PPV-EA, PPV-C, PPV-Rec, PPV-W, PPV-T and PPVCR) have been recognized so far. Three major strains (PPV-M, PPV-D and PPV-Rec) are the most widely dispersed and occur frequently in many European countries. Other strains are of minor importance due to their limited host preferences or geographic distribution. So far, all three major strains have been identified in Serbia. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the research into Plum pox virus variability in Serbia.

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9

Ravelonandro, Michel, Pascal Briard, Ralph Scorza, Ann Callahan, Ioan Zagrai, Jiban K. Kundu, and Chris Dardick. "Robust Response to Plum pox virus Infection via Plant Biotechnology." Genes 12, no. 6 (May 27, 2021): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12060816.

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Our goal was to target silencing of the Plum pox virus coat protein (PPV CP) gene independently expressed in plants. Clone C-2 is a transgenic plum expressing CP. We introduced and verified, in planta, the effects of the inverse repeat of CP sequence split by a hairpin (IRSH) that was characterized in the HoneySweet plum. The IRSH construct was driven by two CaMV35S promoter sequences flanking the CP sequence and had been introduced into C1738 plum. To determine if this structure was enough to induce silencing, cross-hybridization was made with the C1738 clone and the CP expressing but PPV-susceptible C2 clone. In total, 4 out of 63 clones were silenced. While introduction of the IRSH is reduced due to the heterozygous character in C1738 plum, the silencing induced by the IRSH PPV CP is robust. Extensive studies, in greenhouse containment, demonstrated that the genetic resource of C1738 clone can silence the CP production. In addition, these were verified through the virus transgene pyramiding in the BO70146 BlueByrd cv. plum that successfully produced resistant BlueByrd BO70146 × C1738 (HybC1738) hybrid plums.

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10

Krška, B., J. Salava, J. Polák, and P. Komínek. "Genetics of resistance to Plum pox virus in apricot." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (January 1, 2002): 180–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10350-pps.

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Plum pox virus (PPV) causes serious damage in apricots grown in the Czech Republic and other countries where it is<br />present. The virus spreads in orchards from infected trees by aphids to healthy trees of susceptible cultivars. Chemical<br />control is ineffective from epidemiological point of view. For this reason growing of resistant apricot cultivars is the only<br />way how to solve one of the most significant phytopathological problem. To study PPV resistance in apricot, three crosses<br />between an apricot cultivars or a selection resistant to PPV and an apricot cultivars or a selection susceptible to PPV<br />(LE-3218 × Stark Early Orange, LE-3241 × Vestar and LE-3246 × Vestar) were performed at Faculty of Horticulture<br />of Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Lednice na Moravě in 1999. The BC1 seeds were stratified and the<br />subsequent seedlings were grown in a greenhouse. The seedlings were repeatedly inoculated with PPV-Vegama isolate<br />(PPV-M strain) by an infected chip. The resistance of the plants was evaluated by symptom observing and ELISA in<br />three consecutive growth periods. The χ<sup>2</sup> test was used to analyse the data. It was found that two independent dominant<br />complementary genes conditioned PPV resistance in apricot. The significance of these findings in relation to other reports<br />is discussed. Knowledge of PPV resistance inheritance will help in planning apricot breeding programmes.

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11

Minoiu, N., I. Oprean, I. Platon, and P. Stegerean. "Increase of plum resistance to natural infections with Plum pox virus." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (December 31, 2017): 513–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10541-pps.

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The mechanical inoculation of the plum leaves of the trees in the nursery, in the first year of growth, has stimulated the activation of the plants’ defensive system, fact that lead to their resistance to natural Plum pox virus (PPV) infections. The inoculum was prepared in buffer solution phosphate + Dieca of De Bistrita plum leaves infested by the PPV. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) has shown significant differences in the quantity and quality composition of the volatile compounds in the treated and untreated plants, as well as in the infected trees.

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12

Polák, J. "Occurrence of plum pox virus in plums, myrobalans, blackthorns, apricots and peaches in South Moravia along the Austrian border." Plant Protection Science 35, No. 3 (January 1, 1999): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/9705-pps.

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A survey on the occurrence of plum pox virus (PPV) in plums, myrobalans, blackthorns, apricots and peaches was carried out in the South Moravian region along the Austrian border. Results of tests by ELISA and evaluation of PPV symptoms showed only scattered or isolated occurrence of PPV. This situation can be used for gradual elimination of PPV in the South Moravian region.

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13

Polák, J., J. Pívalová, and J. Svoboda. "Prune cv. Jojo resistance to different strains of Plum pox virus." Plant Protection Science 41, No. 2 (February 23, 2010): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2742-pps.

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Trees of prune (<i>Prunus domestica</i> L.), cv. Jojo, were inoculated by chip budding with three different strains of PPV isolated from European plum in the Czech Republic. These isolates included Plum pox virus M strain (PPV-M), <i>Plum pox virus</i> D strain (PPV-D) and a PPV-recombinant both strains (PPV-Rec). The results of the evaluation of the inoculated trees over 2 years are presented. Trees of plum cv. Jojo behaven differently to infection with the three PPV strains. A strong hypersensitive reaction appeared a year after inoculation with PPV-M and PPV-Rec strains, although not all inoculated tree died. PPV must have been present in the tissue of cv. Jojo because the virus was transferred to the rootstock St. Julien. Plants of the rootstock became systemically infected with the PPV-M and PPV-Rec strains, showing severe PPV symptoms. The presence of PPV was proved by ELISA in leaves of rootstock St. Julien, but not in leaves of cv. Jojo. Inoculation with strain PPV-D resulted in partial hypersensitive reaction of plants of cv. Jojo, but after initial stunting and partial death of shoots recovering of plants was observed.

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14

Polák, J., M. Jokeš, M. Ducháčová, A. Hauptmanová, and P. Komínek. "Electron microscopy of structures present in embryonic cells of plants infected with Plum pox virus ." Plant Protection Science 44, No. 3 (November 4, 2008): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/28/2008-pps.

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Electron microscopy was used to detect the presence of virus particles or inclusions in growth tips and parenchymatic cells of leaves of plum, apricot and peach trees artificially infected with <I>Plum pox virus</I> (PPV). Typical pinwheels were found in ultrathin sections of leaves of PPV infected plums, apricots and peaches. Filamentous particles or their aggregates approximately 750 nm long were found in ultrathin sections of growth tips of plum, apricot, and peach shoots with a diameter of 0.5 mm. Pinwheels were never present in embryonic cells. No virus particles were found in ultrathin sections of growth tips of PPV infected plum, apricot and peach shoots of 0.2 mm in diameter. Embryonic cells of growth tips up to 0.2 mm in diameter are PPV free. PPV particles are present in growth tips at a distance 0.2–0.5 mm from the top; the virus is probably multiplied in this part of the growth tips.

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15

Stamo, B., and A. Myrta. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in Albania." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00947.x.

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16

Ortego, J., A. Dal Zotto, S. Caloggero, J. M. Raigón, M. L. Gasparini, M. E. Ojeda, and D. A. Ducasse. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in Argentina." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00948.x.

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17

Milusheva, S., I. Kamenova, and A. Stoev. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in Bulgaria." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00950.x.

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18

Thompson, D. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in Canada." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00951.x.

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19

Muñoz, M., and M. Collao. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in Chile." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00952.x.

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20

Navratil, M., D. Safarova, R. Karesova, and K. Petrzik. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in China." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00953.x.

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21

Mikec, I., V. Kajić, and I. Križanac. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in Croatia." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00954.x.

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22

Youssef, S. A., and A. Shalaby. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in Egypt." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00955.x.

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23

Lemmetty, A. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in Finland." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00956.x.

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24

Varveri, C. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in Greece." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 209–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00957.x.

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25

Kölber, M. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in Hungary." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00958.x.

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26

Di Terlizzi, B., and D. Boscia. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in Italy." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00959.x.

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27

Choueiri, E. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in Lebanon." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00960.x.

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28

Blystad, D. R., and T. Munthe. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in Norway." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00961.x.

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29

Malinowski, T. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in Poland." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 212–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00962.x.

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30

Isac, M., and I. Zagrai. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in Romania." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00963.x.

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31

Prichodko, Y. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in Russia." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00964.x.

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32

Dulic-Markovic, I., and D. Jevremovic. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in Serbia." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 213–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00965.x.

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33

Glasa, M. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in Slovakia." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00966.x.

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34

Marn, M. Virscek, and I. Mavric. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in Slovenia." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00967.x.

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35

Ramel, M. E., P. Gugerli, and M. Bünter. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in Switzerland." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00968.x.

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36

Boulila, M., and M. Ravelonandro. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in Tunisia." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00970.x.

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37

Caglayan, K. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in Turkey." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 216–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00971.x.

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38

Kalashian, Y., and A. Chernets. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in Moldova." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00972.x.

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39

Kondratenko, P., and V. Udovychenko. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in Ukraine." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00974.x.

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40

Speich, Pierre. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in France." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 208–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00992.x.

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41

Jarausch, W. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in Germany." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00993.x.

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42

Zamharir, M. G., N. S. Bashir, and R. Khakvar. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in Iran." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00994.x.

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43

Staniulis, J. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in Lithuania." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00995.x.

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44

Cambra, M. A., J. Serra, A. Cano, and M. Cambra. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in Spain." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00996.x.

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45

Ismaeil, F. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in Syria." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00997.x.

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Cambra, M., and N. Capote. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in Kazakhstan." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 210–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.01064.x.

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Capote, N., and M. Cambra. "Plum pox virus (PPV) in Pakistan." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 2 (August 2006): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.01065.x.

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Scorza, Ralph, Laurene Levy, Vern Damsteegt, Ann Callahan, Kevin Webb, and Michel Ravelonandro. "Transfer of Plum Pox Virus Coat Protein Genes from a Plum Pox-resistant Transgenic Clone of Prunus domestica Plum to Its Progeny through Hybridization." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 532a—532. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.532a.

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Abstract:

Sharka or plum pox virus (PPV) is a major disease of stone fruit and causes severe economic losses in Europe. There is little resistance to PPV in most Prunus species, thus genetic engineering represents a potentially useful approach to obtain resistant germplasm. Transgenic plums containing the PPV coat protein (CP) or the related papaya ringspot virus (PRV)-CP gene were produced through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. These transgenic plum clones were then evaluated for resistance to PPV infection in the greenhouse by graft or aphid inoculation with PPV. While symptoms of PPV appeared in most transgenic clones, all plants of PPV-CP transgenic clone C5 were symptomless and ELISA and immunocapture-reverse transcriptase PCR negative for over three years following inoculation with two strains of PPV (Ravelonandro et al., Plant Dis. 81:1231-1235, 1997). Clone C5, which contains multiple copies of the PPV-CP gene, was hybridized with PRV-CP transgenic plants or untransformed plum cultivars. Progeny were obtained containing no transgenes, only the PPV-CP, only the PRV-CP, or both the PRV-CP and PPV-CP transgenes. Seedlings were inoculated with PPV. At 5 and 11 months post-inoculation, seedlings containing the PPV-CP genes from C5 were symptomless and ELISA negative. Seedlings containing only PRV-CP transgenes or non-transformed controls showed symptoms of PPV infection and were ELISA positive. These results indicate that the PPV-CP transgenes can be transferred to progeny through hybridization and that these genes can impart resistance to PPV in transgenic seedlings. The inheritance of the multicopy inserts of the PPV-CP and PRV-CP transgenes is being analyzed. The combined effects of both transgenes on resistance to PPV and the stability of PPV resistance in the progeny of the resistant C5 transgenic line are currently under evaluation.

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Damsteegt, V. D., H. E. Waterworth, G. I. Mink, W. E. Howell, and L. Levy. "Prunus tomentosa as a Diagnostic Host for Detection of Plum Pox Virus and Other Prunus Viruses." Plant Disease 81, no. 4 (April 1997): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.4.329.

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The efficacy of seedlings of Prunus persica cv. GF 305, P. persica cv. Siberian C, and P. tomentosa (Nanking Cherry) as diagnostic indicators of plum pox infection, and of P. tomentosa for other Prunus viruses was evaluated by graft-inoculation with eight different strains or isolates of plum pox virus (PPV) representative of the Marcus (M) and Dideron (D) serogroups; and one isolate each of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), prune dwarf virus (PDV), and sour cherry green ring mottle virus (GRMV). The initial PPV symptoms that developed in P. tomentosa within 30 days after inoculation were chlorotic banding along the midrib spreading to lateral veins from the leaf base upward, giving the appearance of a chlorotic oak-leaf pattern. Symptoms caused by PPV-M could be distinguished from those caused by PPV-D. Virus titers in infected P. tomentosa and GF 305 were higher than those in Siberian C when measured by triple antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Infections by PNRSV, PDV, and GRMV were evident with the first flush of vegetative growth.

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Ravelonandro, Michel, Ralph Scorza, and Pascal Briard. "Innovative RNAi Strategies and Tactics to Tackle Plum Pox Virus (PPV) Genome in Prunus domestica-Plum." Plants 8, no. 12 (December 2, 2019): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8120565.

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We developed an innovative RNAi concept based on two gene constructs built from the capsid gene (CP) cistron of the Plum pox virus (PPV) genome. First, designated as amiCPRNA, a potential molecule interfering with PPV genome translation and the second one is the ami-siCPRNA to target viral genome translation and PPV RNA replication. Following the previous engineering of these constructs in an experimental herbaceous host, they were introduced into Prunus domestica (plum tree) genome. Previously propagated onto a susceptible rootstock, these clones were graft-inoculated with PPV. After four dormancy cycles, and consistent with our experience of PPV infection, some clones showed a common phenomenon of silencing that can differ between the detailed plant phenotypes. Three different phenotypes were developed by the amisiCPRNA clones. First, the high resistance character shown by the amisiCPRNA plum-7 that was similar to the resistance expressed by HoneySweet plum. Secondly, a recovery reaction was developed by the two other amisiCPRNA plum-3 and plum-4 that differed from the rest, characterized as susceptible clones, among these were the amiCPRNA plums. Having assessed the behavior of these plums versus the herbaceous host accumulating the similar form of RNAi: ami-, si-, and ami-siRNA, challenging assays in perennials consistently reflect the natural context of viral genome targeting.

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