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Academic literature on the topic 'Plum pox virus (PPV)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Plum pox virus (PPV)"
1
Polák, J., J. Kumar, B. Krška, and M. Ravelonandro. "Biotech/GM crops in horticulture: plum cv. HoneySweet resistant to Plum pox virus." Plant Protection Science 48, Special Issue (2012): S43—S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/37/2012-pps.
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Commercialisation of Biotech/GM (Biotech) crops started in 1995. Not only field crops, but also horticultural transgenic crops are under development and are beginning to be commercialised. Genetic engineering has the potential to revolutionise fruit tree breeding. The development of transgenic fruit cultivars is in progress. Over the past 20 years an international public sector research team has collaborated in the development of HoneySweet plum which is highly resistant to Plum pox virus (PPV) the most devastating disease of plums and other stone fruits. HoneySweet was deregulated in the USA in 2010. HoneySweet (aka C5) has been evaluated for eleven years (2002–2012) in a regulated field trial in the CzechRepublic for the resistance to PPV, Prune dwarf virus (PDV), and Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), all of them being serious diseases of plum. Even under the high and permanent infection pressure produced through grafting, PPV has only been detected in HoneySweet trees in several leaves and fruits situated close to the point of inoculum grafting. The lack of infection spread in HoneySweet demonstrates its high level of PPV resistance. Co-infections of PPV with PDV and/or ACLSV had practically no influence on the quantity and quality of HoneySweet fruit which are large, sweet, and of a high eating quality. In many respects, they are superior to the fruits of the well-known cultivar Stanley. Many fruit growers and fruit tree nurseries in the CzechRepublic are supportive of the deregulation of HoneySweet plum to help improve the plum production and control the spread of PPV.
2
Polák, J. "Distribution of Plum pox virus in the Czech Republic ." Plant Protection Science 38, No. 3 (2012): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4859-pps.
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Plum pox virus (PPV) is widely distributed in plums and myrobalans in western, central and easternBohemia, in north-western, central and north-easternMoravia of theCzechRepublic. In southernBohemia and partly also in southernMoravia there is only a low and sporadic incidence. Naturally growing plums and myrobalans, and plums growing along roads were found to be the main sources and reservoirs of PPV infection. This high incidence in naturally growing plum and myrobalan trees makes it impossible to grow plum cultivars that are susceptible to PPV; only resistant cultivars can be grown in this country. In blackthorns the occurrence of PPV is limited to the regions with high and long-term presence of the virus. Therefore, we can conclude that blackthorn is not the primary, but a secondary source of PPV. On the other hand, sweet and sour cherries at localities of central and westernBohemia, and of southernMoravia are PPV-free. Till now the presence of strain PPV-C was not proved in theCzechRepublic. Strain PPV-M was proved only in two plum and one damson trees. It was also found in one apricot and one peach orchard planted with imported nursery material. Strain PPV-M appears to have been introduced recently and is absent from or has a very low incidence in spontaneous PPV hosts, while the widespread and long-term dissemination of strain PPV-D may indicate that it originated in the Czech Republic.
3
Mihaljfi, Teodora, Renata Iličić, Goran Barać, Zagorka Savić, and Ferenc Bagi. "Importance and symptomatology of plum pox virus." Biljni lekar 49, no. 5 (2021): 602–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2105602m.
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The plum pox virus was discovered in Bulgaria between 1915 and 1918, hence the name "plum pox". Despite strict quarantine measures, as early as 1980s, this virus was widespread in whole Europe, but its presence was also confirmed in South and North America, Africa and Asia. The only continent where the infection with this virus has not been described yet is Australia. The presence of strains PPV-D, PPV-M and PPV-Rec has been confirmed in Serbia. The PPV-M strain spreads very quickly naturally, and it is considered as very dangerous for stone fruit trees. Trees infected with the plum pox virus do not decay, but bear fruit of poorer quality. Poorer quality of fruits reduces their market value, which leads to significant economic damage.
4
Polák, J., and J. Pívalová. "Sporadic distribution of Plum pox virus M strain in natural sources in the Czech Republic." Horticultural Science 32, No. 3 (2011): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3770-hortsci.
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The presence and distribution of M strain of Plum pox virus (PPV-M) were investigated in natural hosts of Sharka, plums, myrobalans and blackthorns in the Czech Republic. Leaves or flowers of trees were evaluated for the presence of PPV by specific polyclonal antibodies at first. PPV infected samples were investigated for the presence of PPV-M by strain specific monoclonal antibodies. 102 PPV isolates from plum, 81 from myrobalan and 25 from blackthorn were typed. PPV-M was detected in six plum trees, six myrobalan trees and in one shrub of blackthorn. Sporadic incidence of PPV-M was proved in all investigated areas of the Czech Republic. Molecular and serological typing of different PPV strains in natural hosts, plum, apricot, and peach orchards was proposed to realize in Central Europe.  
5
Polák, J. "Viruses of blackthorn and road-bordering trees of plum, myrobalan, sweet and sour cherries in the Czech Republic." Plant Protection Science 43, No. 1 (2008): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2351-pps.
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The distribution of <i>Plum pox virus</i> (PPV), <i>Prune dwarf virus</i> (PDV), <i>Prunus necrotic ringspot virus</i> (PNRSV), <i>Apple chlorotic ringspot virus</i> (ACLSV) and <i>Apple mosaic virus</i> (ApMV) in naturally growing shrubs of blackthorn and road-bordering trees of plum and myrobalan, and of PPV, PDV, PNRSV and <i>Cherry leafroll virus</i> (CLRV) in sweet and sour cherry trees were investigated. The most widely distributed viruses were PPV in plums (74% of the investigated trees were infected); PPV, PDV, and PNRSV in myrobalans (26%, 11% and 18%, respectively), PDV in blackthorns (27%), and PDV and PNRSV in cherries (25% and 22%). PPV was not detected in sweet and sour cherries. The incidence of ACLSV and ApMV was negligible in individually growing trees of the genus Prunus in the Czech Republic.
6
Hauptmanová, A., and J. Polák. "The elimination of Plum pox virus in plum cv. Bluefree and apricot cv. Hanita by chemotherapy of in vitro cultures." Horticultural Science 38, No. 2 (2011): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10/2010-hortsci.
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In vitro cultures of plum cv. Bluefree and apricot cv. Hanita infected with Plum pox virus (PPV) were used for the virus elimination by chemotherapy. Low ribavirin concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/l in Murashige-Skoog medium were applied in the treatment. Plum pox virus was completely eliminated by 5 mg/l of ribavirin in plum cv. Bluefree within twenty weeks and in apricot cv. Hanita in twelve weeks of the application. Plum pox virus was completely eliminated by 10 mg/l of ribavirin both in plum cv. Bluefree and apricot cv. Hanita within twelve weeks. The presence of PPV was not proved by RT-PCR. Clones of plum cv. Bluefree and apricot cv. Hanita were re-tested by RT-PCR one year after the termination of the ribavirin treatment and negative results confirmed the elimination of Plum pox virus.
7
Polák, J., M. Ravelonandro, J. Kumar-Kundu, J. Pívalová, and R. Scorza. "Interactions of Plum pox virus strain Rec with Apple chlorotic leafspot virus and Prune dwarf viruses in field-grown transgenic plum Prunus domestica L., clone C5." Plant Protection Science 44, No. 1 (2008): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/535-pps.
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Transgenic plums, <I>Prunus domestica</I> L. clone C5, were inoculated by bud grafting with <I>Plum pox virus</I> (PPV-Rec, recombinant strain originated from plum), PPV-Rec + <I>Apple chlorotic leafspot virus</I> (ACLSV), PPV-Rec + <I>Prune dwarf virus</I> (PDV), and PPV-Rec + ACLSV + PDV. Non-inoculated transgenic plums served as controls. Plants were grown in an open field for 5 years. They were evaluated by visible symptoms, by DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR. Mild PPV symptoms, diffuse spots or rings appeared two years after inoculation in some leaves of plants artificially inoculated with PPV-Rec, PPV-Rec + ACLSV, PPV-Rec + PDV, and PPV-Rec + ACLSV + PDV. Severe PPV symptoms appeared in leaves of shoots growing from infected buds used for inoculation. During the following three years, further weakening of PPV symptoms was observed in transgenic plants. In 2007, very mild PPV symptoms were found in only a few leaves, and over 60%, resp. 70% of the C5 trees showed no PPV symptoms. The presence of PPV was confirmed by ELISA, ISEM and RT-PCR. No difference in PPV symptoms was observed between PPV-Rec and combinations PPV-Rec + ACLSV, PPV-Rec + PDV, PPV-Rec + ACLSV + PDV. No symptoms of ACLSV appeared in combinations of ACLSV with PPV-Rec and PPV-Rec + PDV during 2004–2007, but the presence of ACLSV in leaves of transgenic plants clone C5 was proved by ELISA and RT-PCR. Neither synergistic nor antagonistic effects of ACLSV on PPV-Rec were observed. No symptoms of PDV appeared in combinations of viruses with PDV during 2004–2007. PDV was not detected by ELISA, and the presence of PDV was uncertain by RT-PCR in most of inoculated trees in 2006 and 2007. The results of RT-PCR will be further confirmed by sequence analysis and discussed. These results suggest a possible antagonistic interaction between PPV-Rec and PDV in plum clone C5.
8
Jevremovic, Darko, and Svetlana Paunovic. "Plum pox virus strains: Diversity and geographical distribution in Serbia." Pesticidi i fitomedicina 29, no. 2 (2014): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif1402097j.
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Plum pox virus (PPV) is the causal agent of Sharka disease. Since its discovery, Sharka has been considered as a calamity in plum orchards. PPV is present worldwide in many Prunus species, causing great economic losses. In highly susceptible plum varieties, such as Pozegaca, PPV causes a premature fruit drop and reduces fruit quality, which leads to total yield loss. Eight PPV strains (PPV-M, PPV-D, PPV-EA, PPV-C, PPV-Rec, PPV-W, PPV-T and PPVCR) have been recognized so far. Three major strains (PPV-M, PPV-D and PPV-Rec) are the most widely dispersed and occur frequently in many European countries. Other strains are of minor importance due to their limited host preferences or geographic distribution. So far, all three major strains have been identified in Serbia. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the research into Plum pox virus variability in Serbia.
9
Ravelonandro, Michel, Pascal Briard, Ralph Scorza, et al. "Robust Response to Plum pox virus Infection via Plant Biotechnology." Genes 12, no. 6 (2021): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12060816.
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Our goal was to target silencing of the Plum pox virus coat protein (PPV CP) gene independently expressed in plants. Clone C-2 is a transgenic plum expressing CP. We introduced and verified, in planta, the effects of the inverse repeat of CP sequence split by a hairpin (IRSH) that was characterized in the HoneySweet plum. The IRSH construct was driven by two CaMV35S promoter sequences flanking the CP sequence and had been introduced into C1738 plum. To determine if this structure was enough to induce silencing, cross-hybridization was made with the C1738 clone and the CP expressing but PPV-susceptible C2 clone. In total, 4 out of 63 clones were silenced. While introduction of the IRSH is reduced due to the heterozygous character in C1738 plum, the silencing induced by the IRSH PPV CP is robust. Extensive studies, in greenhouse containment, demonstrated that the genetic resource of C1738 clone can silence the CP production. In addition, these were verified through the virus transgene pyramiding in the BO70146 BlueByrd cv. plum that successfully produced resistant BlueByrd BO70146 × C1738 (HybC1738) hybrid plums.
10
Krška, B., J. Salava, J. Polák, and P. Komínek. "Genetics of resistance to Plum pox virus in apricot." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (2002): 180–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10350-pps.
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Plum pox virus (PPV) causes serious damage in apricots grown in the Czech Republic and other countries where it is<br />present. The virus spreads in orchards from infected trees by aphids to healthy trees of susceptible cultivars. Chemical<br />control is ineffective from epidemiological point of view. For this reason growing of resistant apricot cultivars is the only<br />way how to solve one of the most significant phytopathological problem. To study PPV resistance in apricot, three crosses<br />between an apricot cultivars or a selection resistant to PPV and an apricot cultivars or a selection susceptible to PPV<br />(LE-3218 × Stark Early Orange, LE-3241 × Vestar and LE-3246 × Vestar) were performed at Faculty of Horticulture<br />of Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Lednice na Moravě in 1999. The BC1 seeds were stratified and the<br />subsequent seedlings were grown in a greenhouse. The seedlings were repeatedly inoculated with PPV-Vegama isolate<br />(PPV-M strain) by an infected chip. The resistance of the plants was evaluated by symptom observing and ELISA in<br />three consecutive growth periods. The χ<sup>2</sup> test was used to analyse the data. It was found that two independent dominant<br />complementary genes conditioned PPV resistance in apricot. The significance of these findings in relation to other reports<br />is discussed. Knowledge of PPV resistance inheritance will help in planning apricot breeding programmes.