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Laubier, Aurélie. "Caractérisation et implication dans la pathogénicité de deux "Patatin-Like Proteins" de Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, PlpA ET PlpD." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4040.
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Durant ma thèse, nous avons identifier PlpA comme une cytotoxine conservée dans des isolats cliniques d'origines diverses, contrairement à son homologue, le facteur de virulence ExoU de Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Un rôle dans la cytotoxicité envers des cellules phagocytaires de l'immunité innée a été attribué à PlpA, et celui-ci dépend de l'intégrité de la dyade catalytique Ser/Asp, caractéristique des protéines de la famille des patatines. Un interactome réalisé in vivo dans des cellules hôtes nous a permis d'identifier des transporteurs de la mitochondrie comme partenaires de PlpA. L'interaction de PlpA avec ses partenaires mitochondriaux, aurait de manière inattendue un effet anti-apoptotique sur les macrophages, mais conduit cependant, à la mort de ceux-ci vraisemblablement par un phénomène de nécrose induite.PlpD a précédemment été caractérisée par Salacha et ses collaborateurs comme étant l'archétype du Système de Sécrétion de Type Vd (2010). Bien que le mécanisme précis de sécrétion de cette protéine reste à ce jour mal connu, nos travaux ont permis de lui attribuer un rôle dans la compétition bactérienne, conférant ainsi un avantage compétitif aux souches qui la possède. D'ailleurs, l'analyse phylogénétique de PlpD (Salacha et al., 2010 ; Heinz & Lithgow 2014) révèle la conservation de cette protéine au sein de nombreuses espèces vivants dans un environnement hostile, suggérant ainsi la nécessité de cette protéine dans l'implantation et la conservation de niches écologiques, que se soit dans l'environnement ou au cours d'infections polymicrobiennes chez un organisme hôteDuring my PhD, in the PAO1 strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we identified PlpA as a cytotoxin conserved in clinical isolates of various origins, contrary to its virulence factor ExoU homologues. A cytotoxic role of PlpA has been highlighted against phagocytic cells, and showed to depend on the integrity of its Ser/Asp catalytic dyad. An in vivo interactome allowed us to identify mitochondrial transporters as partners of PlpA. Interestingly, PlpA interaction with these partners has an anti-apoptotic effect on macrophages but ultimely allows macrophages death probably by a necroptosis phenomenon. PlpD was previously described by Salacha and collaborators as the SST5d archetype (Salacha et al., 2010). While its exact secretion mechanism remains poorly understood, our work allowed showing that it played a role in bacterial competition. PlpD phylogenetic analysis (Salacha et al., 2010 ; Heinz & Lithgow 2014) revealed its conservation in many species living in hostile environments, suggesting its necessity in the implantation and conservation of ecological niches in the environment or during polymicrobial infections into host organism
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Madeira, Paulo Vinicius da Mata 1989. "Determinação da estrutura tridimensional do domínio catalítico do fator de virulência PlpD de Pseudomonas aeruginosa." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316461.
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Orientadores: Andréa Dessen de Souza e Silva, David NevesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T14:11:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Madeira_PauloViniciusdaMata_M.pdf: 3508240 bytes, checksum: 40070baffe8469acd5f3a60f9e82a931 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde, doenças infecciosas são a segunda principal causa de morte no mundo. Essas doenças são causadas por organismos patogênicos que podem compartilhar certas similaridades em seu modo de infecção. Bactérias patogênicas são responsáveis por diversas doenças de acometimento humano, sua patogenicidade, na maioria das vezes, apresenta-se associada a secreção de fatores de virulência que são responsáveis pela adesão, invasão e por danos ás células e tecidos do hospedeiro. P. aeruginosa é um patógeno oportunista, multiresistente a antibióticos e é a bactéria Gram negativa principal causadora de infecções hospitalares, podendo levar à óbito por pneumonia e sepse pacientes imunocomprometidos, principalmente pacientes com fibrose cística, AIDS e vítimas de queimadura. A proteína ExoU de P. aeruginosa é um fator de virulência, altamente citotóxico, secretado pela bactéria que apresenta atividade fosfolipase A, degradando a membrana celular e levando a rápida morte celular. ExoU é pertencente a família das proteínas tipo patatina, essas proteínas apresentam regiões homólogas a fosfolipase A2 citosólica humana e regiões homólogas a proteínas patatinas. A proteína PlpD encontrada em linhagens que não codificam ExoU, a saber: PA01 e PA14 de P. aeruginosa apresentam todas as regiões conservadas, classificando-a como uma proteína bacteriana do tipo patatina, assim como a ExoU. Além disso foi mostrado que seu domínio catalítico é secretado pela bactéria e apresenta atividade de lipase, importante para o processo infectivo do patógeno. Como P. aeruginosa, assim como outros patógenos, se tornaram multiresistentes a antibióticos, a busca por novos alvos terapêuticos vem sendo incentivada. A compreensão estrutural dos componentes envolvidos no processo infectivo é essencial para o desenvolvimento de novos agentes terapêuticos. Nesse trabalho a estrutura da porção secretada da proteína PlpD, com atividade catalítica, foi resolvida à uma resolção de 2.14 Angstroms. A análise da proteína mostrou diferenças interessantes entre sua estrutura e de seu homólogo ExoU, fornecendo pistas para a caracterização de seu mecanismo de ação à nível estrutural. Essa tese foi desenvolvida em colaboração com o grupo do Laboratório de Engenharia de Sistemas Macromoleculares de Marselha, França sob coordenação da Drª Sophie Bleves
Abstract: According to the World Health Organization, infectious diseases are the second leading cause of deaths worldwide . These diseases are caused by pathogenic organisms that may share certain similarities in their mode of infection. Pathogenic bacteria are responsible for many human diseases, their pathogenicity, most often appears associated with the secretion of virulence factors that are responsible for adhesion, invasion and damage to the cells and tissues of the host. P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen, multidrug-resistant and the main Gram negative cause of nosocomial infections, this pathogen may lead to death due to pneumonia and septcemia immunocompromised patients, especially patients with cystic fibrosis, AIDS and burn victims. The ExoU protein of P. aeruginosa is a highly cytotoxic virulence factor secreted by the bacterium which has phospholipase A activity by degrading the cell membrane and leading to rapid cell death. ExoU belongs to patatin-like protein family, these proteins have regions homologous to human cytosolic phospholipase A2 and regions homologous to patatins. The PlpD protein is found in strains that do not encode ExoU, namely P. aeruginosa PA01 and PA14. This protein shows all conserved regions of patatin-like proteins, classifying it as a bacterial patatin-like protein, as well as the ExoU. Furthermore it was shown that its catalytic domain is secreted by the bacterium and shows lipase activity, important for the infection process. As P. aeruginosa, as well as other pathogens have become multidrug resistant, the search for new therapeutic targets is being encouraged. The understanding of the structural components involved in the infective process is essential for the development of new therapeutic agents. In this work the structure of the secreted portion of PlpD protein which has catalytic activity was resolved at 2.14 angstroms resolution. The protein analysis showed interesting differences between its structure and its homologous ExoU, providing evidences to the characterization of its mechanism of action at a structural level. This thesis was developed in collaboration with the Macromolecular Engineering Systems Laboratory group in Marseille, France under the coordination of Dr Sophie Bleves
Mestrado
Genetica de Microorganismos
Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular
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Salacha, Richard. "Les Patatines de Pseudomonas Aeruginosa : secrétées ou non secrétées ? Telle est la question." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22040/document.
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa est une bactérie à Gram négatif ubiquitaire, pathogène opportuniste. Elle est la 3ème cause d’infections nosocomiales, notamment chez les immunodéprimés et les grands brûlés. Elle est aussi responsable de la mort de nombreux patients atteints de la mucoviscidose. Sa virulence est largement due à son aptitude à sécréter de nombreuses enzymes dégradatives et toxines, parmi lesquelles la protéine ExoU, sécrétée par le Système de Sécrétion de Type III. ExoU est une phospholipase, de la famille des « patatin-like proteins », dont l’activité est portée par une dyade catalytique Ser-Asp.Mon travail de thèse a permis d’identifier 4 homologues d’ExoU (PlpA, PlpB, PlpC et PlpD) dans le protéome de la souche PAO1 de P. aeruginosa (qui est dépourvu de cette protéine). En étudiant le mode de sécrétion de PlpD, nous avons découvert une nouvelle branche du Système de Sécrétion de Type V (SST5), le SST5d. La protéine représentant ce nouveau système possède un domaine C-terminal transporteur de type TpsB (SST5b), fusionné à un domaine N-terminal patatine sécrété dans le milieu extracellulaire (à l’image d’un autotransporteur, ou SST5a). Ce mode de sécrétion serait un mode dédié à la sécrétion de « patatin-like proteins », comme le suggèrent nos analyses phylogénétiques, à Nous avons en outre démontré que PlpD possède une activité lipase.L’autre protéine étudiée, PlpA, est également sécrétée, bien que nous n’ayons pu établir avec certitude sa voie de transport. Nous avons évalué le rôle de cette protéine lors de l’interaction de P. aeruginosa avec des cellules hôtes de type macrophages et cellules épithéliales. Nous avons observé que cette protéine confère une protection temporaire aux cellules infectées par P. aeruginosa. Ce retard semble être directement imputable à l’activité de la protéine, puisqu’il est dépendant de l’intégrité de la dyade catalytique putative de PlpAPseudomonas aeruginosa is an ubiquitous Gram negative bacteria, and efficient opportunistic pathogen. It is the third most common cause of nosocomial infections, most particularly within immunocompromized or burn patients. This pathogen is responsible for the death of numerous cystic fibrosis patients. Its virulence is due mainly to its capacity to secrete numerous degradative enzymes and toxins, among them, ExoU which is secreted via the Type III Secretion System. ExoU is a phospholipase of the patatin-like protein family, and its activity is based on a Ser-Asp catalytic dyad.During my thesis, we identify 4 ExoU homologs (PlpA, PlpB, PlpC, and PlpD) in the proteome of the P. aeruginosa PAO1 strain (this strain does not possess ExoU). Results obtained studying PlpD secretion led us to discover a new branch of the Type V Secretion System (T5SS), the T5dSS. PlpD is composed of a C-terminal TpsB-like transporter domain (like T5bSS), fused to a N-terminal patatin domain which is secreted into the extracellular medium (like autotransporters, or T5aSS). Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that this secretion pathway may be dedicated to the secretion of PLPs, like T5cSS, which secretes only adhesins. Moreover, we demonstrated that PlpD is a lipase.The other studied protein, PlpA, is also a secreted protein, but we still do not know which secretion system is involved in its secretion. We tested the role of PlpA during interaction of P. aeruginosa with host cells by carrying out infections of murin macrophages and epithelial cells. We observed a transitory protection of cells infected with P. aeruginosa. This protection seems to require an active PlpA protein as it is dependent on a intact catalytic dyad in this protein
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Ayala, Carlos A. "PLED Enhancement and Re-use." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/419.
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Polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs) represent new technology for display applications. However, these polymer based devices could benefit from increased efficiency and material longevity.
This thesis examines how preprocessing PLED indium tin oxide (ITO) anodes and reprocessing previously used substrates can create brighter, more efficient PLEDs. The project accomplishes this by simple changes to fabrication techniques, such as additional cleaning, etching, or thermal annealing, to improve pristine device luminance and efficiency. The project also examines substrate re-use techniques to repair ITO substrate damage, and effects of polymer aging on PLED luminance and efficiency.
PLEDs fabricated with polymer aged to varying degrees exhibit increased efficiency and luminance. Etching previously used substrates allows PLED re-use; substrates etched in hydrochloric acid also demonstrate increased efficiency and luminance.
Preprocessing improves device performance, while etching results in reusable substrates.
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Junior, Jose Antonio Portes. "Detecção da proteína PLP2 em glioblastomas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-29092010-153428/.
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Recentemente, com o intuito de identificar genes associados com invasão e proliferação tumoral, identificamos por PCR em tempo real, um aumento de aproximadamente cem vezes da proteína PLP2 em glioblastomas em relação a tecidos normais. Até o momento não há nenhum relato da identificação desta proteína em astrocitomas. Portanto, neste trabalho clonamos e expressamos em bactérias, as alças externas da PLP2 em fusão com a proteína SUMO, com o objetivo de obtermos anticorpos policlonais para serem usados na identificação da PLP2 em tumor humano por western blotting. Realizamos também a expressão da PLP2 fusionada com a EGFP em células de mamífero, para estudar sua distribuição celular, observamos que a PLP2 se concentra em toda a membrana celular e estudos sobre o transito da PLP2 nas células, indicam que ela possa estar envolvida em processos quimiotáticos via CCR1 sugerindo o envolvimento da PLP2 de alguma forma no processo tumorigênico.Recently, in order to identify genes associated with tumoral invasion and proliferation, identified by real time PCR, an increase of about one hundred times of PLP2 protein in glioblastomas when compared to normal tissue. So far, there is no report of identification of this protein in astrocytomas. Therefore in this study, we cloned and expressed in bacteria the external handles of PLP2 fused with SUMO protein in order to obtain polyclonal antibodies for use in identifying the PLP2 in human tumor by western blotting. We also expressing the PLP2 fused with EGFP in mammalian cells to study its cellular distribution, we observed that focuses PLP2 across the cell membrane and studies on the traffic of PLP2 cells, indicate that it may be involved in chemotactic processes via CCR1 suggesting the involvement of PLP2 somehow in the tumorigenic process.
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Zimmermann, Gregor. "Elektrische Charakterisierung PLD-gewachsener Zinkoxid-Nanodrähte." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-61365.
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Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der elektrischen Charakterisierung von Zinkoxid-Nanodrähten, die mittels gepulster Laserablation (PLD) hergestellt wurden.
Ausgehend von den so generierten ZnO-Nanodraht-Ensembles werden Methoden zu deren elektrischer Untersuchung diskutiert und auf praktische Anwendbarkeit hin verglichen. Die entwickelten Methoden werden auf Ensembles von auf n-leitenden ZnO- und ZnO:Ga-Dünnschichten aufgewachsenen Phosphor-dotierten ZnO-Nanodrähten angewendet. Deren reproduzierbares, in Strom–Spannungs- (I–U-) Kennlinien beobachtetes diodenartiges Verhalten wird genauer beleuchtet.
Im Zusammenhang mit der elektrischen Charakterisierung einzelner ZnO-Nano-drähte werden experimentelle Methoden zur Vereinzelung und zur Kontaktierung der vereinzelten ZnO-Nanodrähte diskutiert. Dabei werden sowohl etablierte Methoden wie Elektronenstrahllithographie (EBL) als auch neue Techniken wie elektronen- und ionenstrahlinduzierte Deposition (EBID/IBID) und Strom–Spannungs-Rastersondenmikroskopie (I-AFM) behandelt und ihre Eignung für eingehende elektrische Untersuchungen und reproduzierbare Messungen analysiert.
Die geeignetsten Methoden werden schließlich eingesetzt, um spezifischen Widerstand sowie Ladungsträgermobilität und -dichte sowohl in nominell undotierten als auch in Aluminium-dotierten ZnO-Nanodrähten zu untersuchen und zu vergleichen. In der Ableitung der physikalischen Materialparameter aus den Messdaten wird dabei besonderes Augenmerk auf die Einbeziehung der geometrischen Besonderheiten der Nanodrähte gegenüber Volumenmaterial- und Dünnschichtproben gelegt. Im Zuge dessen wird unter anderem ein Modell für den elektrischen Widerstand in Nanodrähten mit ihrer Länge nach veränderlichem Querschnitt abgeleitet.
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Correia, Fábio Conte. "Síntese e caracterização de polímeros contendo 9,9-dioctilfluoreno e 8-oxioctilquinolina para utilização como camada emissora de PLEDs." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-11072014-115535/.
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Utilizando a reação de acoplamento de Suzuki, novos polímeros e copolímeros semicondutores com elevado potencial para a fabricação de PLEDs foram sintetizados, tendo como finalidade unir em uma única camada emissiva, na forma de copolímeros ou na forma de blendas, materiais com propriedades transportadoras e injetoras de elétrons; grupos quinolina associados a materiais com elevadas propriedades de emissão de luz contendo grupos fluoreno. Esses copolímeros sintetizados, todos ainda não descritos na literatura ou em patentes, apresentaram rendimentos acima de 70% e rendimentos quânticos de fotoluminescência entre 60% e 83%, foram utilizados como camada emissiva na construção de PLEDs. Estes PLEDs foram caracterizados quanto ao seu comportamento elétrico através da obtenção de curvas de corrente em função da tensão (IxV) e dos espectros de eletroluminescência. Os resultados mostraram que a incorporação da quinolina aos copolímeros aumentou a sua estabilidade térmica, observada pela temperatura de inicio de degradação que elevou-se em até 80°C. Nos PLEDs, houve melhorias no balanceamento de cargas, dispensando até mesmo a deposição de uma camada adicional transportadora de elétrons (ETL). As tensões de operação desses dispositivos ficaram entre 2,0 e 5,2 V, com emissão entre 525 e 590nm. Esses materiais também tiveram as suas estruturas caracterizadas por ressonância magnética nuclear de hidrogênio, termogravimetria, calorimetria diferencial exploratória, espectroscopias no UV-Vis e no infravermelho, fluorimetria no UV-vis e cromatografia de permeação em gel. Filmes Langmuir e Langmuir- Blodgett dos copolímeros foram preparados e caracterizados por espectroscopia com luz polarizada de reflexão e absorção no infravermelho (PM-IRRAS) e por microscopia de força atômica (AFM).New polymers and copolymers with a high potential for PLEDs constructions have been synthesized by Suzuki reaction and aims together in a single emissive layer in the form of copolymers or blended, materials with transporting and electron injection properties; quinoline groups linked to materials with high light emission properties as fluorene group. All these copolymers have not been described in literature or in patents, presented yields above 70%, quantum yields between 60% and 83% and were used as emissive layer in PLEDs. These PLEDs were characterized concerning their electrical behavior, by the characteristic J-V diode curves, and their electroluminescence. The results showed that the presence of quinoline increased its thermal stability at around 80° C and the PLEDs built with the synthesized copolymers do not need an extra ETL. The operating voltages of these devices were observed between 2.0 and 5.2 V with EL emission between 525 and 590nm. These new materials were also characterized by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, UV-Vis, Fluorescence and IR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. Langmuir e Langmuir-Blodgett films were made and characterized by Polarization-Modulation Infrared Reflection-Absorption Spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).
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Valtavaara, M. (Minna). "Novel lysyl hydroxylase isoforms." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 1999. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514253221.
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Lysyl hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.4, procollagen-lysine 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase, PLOD) catalyzes the hydroxylation of lysine residues in collagens and other proteins. It occurs as a post-translational event. The hydroxylysine residues participate in the formation of covalent cross-links to stabilize the collagenous structure in tissues. The hydroxylysine residues can be glycosylated to galactosyl- or glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine residues.
Novel human lysyl hydroxylases, 2a, 2b and 3 isoforms, were characterized in this study. Lysyl hydroxylases 2a and 2b are alternatively spliced forms of lysyl hydroxylase 2. Lysyl hydroxylase 2b contains an additional exon of 63 nucleotides. The polypeptide size of lysyl hydroxylase 2a is 737 amino acids, lysyl hydroxylase 2b is 758 amino acids and lysyl hydroxylase 3 is 738 amino acids. The putative signal peptide is 25 amino acids in lysyl hydroxylases 2a and 2band 24 amino acids in lysyl hydroxylase 3. Lysyl hydroxylases 2aand 2b contain 7 possible N-glycosylation sites and lysyl hydroxylase3 contains 2 sites.
Tissue distribution of novel isoforms were studied on Northern blots. The expression of lysyl hydroxylases 2a, 2b and 3 differ from the expression of previously characterized lysyl hydroxylase 1. Lysyl hydroxylase 1 is expressed constitutively in all tissues whereas the expression of novel isoforms is more strictly regulated. Lysyl hydroxylase 2 is highly expressed in heart, placenta, liver and pancreas. Lysyl hydroxylase 2b expression is highest in heart and skeletal muscle and lysyl hydroxylase 3 expression is highest in heart, placenta and pancreas. Brain, lung and kidney contain the lowest amounts of these isoforms.
Novel isoforms were expressed as recombinant proteins in baculovirus expression system in vitro. All these novel isoforms were able to hydroxylate lysine residues in short collagenous peptides. A more detailed kinetic analysis was performed on lysyl hydroxylase 2a and 2b in order to find out if they differed from each other. The binding affinity of ascorbate and peptide substrate is different in lysyl hydroxylase 2a from 2b.
Chromosomal assignments were carried out on human lysyl hydroxylases 2 and 3. Lysyl hydroxylase 2 was localized to chromosome 3q23–q24 and lysyl hydroxylase 3 to chromosome 7q36.
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Aletrari, Mina-Olga. "Characterisation of PLD activity in real-time." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2010. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4479/.
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PLD catalyses hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) to produce phosphatidic acid (PtdOH) and choline. PtdOH is a second messenger responsible for a multitude of cell processes, ranging from cytoskeletal rearrangement to cell proliferation. Antigenic stimulation of RBL-2H3 mast cells and growth factor stimulation of endothelial HeLa cells results in PLD-dependent exocytosis and endocytosis, respectively. A novel fluorescent PtdCho (fPtdCho) was used to label both cell lines and Bligh-Dyer lipid extraction of fPtdCho-labelled RBL-2H3 cells showed the lipid was intact post-labelling. fPtdCho co-localised up to 50% with the lysosomal marker LysoTracker Red in RBL- 2H3 cells, and was not secreted in response to antigenic stimulation as recorded using real-time confocal microscopy. Primary alcohol treatment of fPtdCho-labelled RBL- 2H3 cells altered fPtdCho-labelling to diffuse from punctate distribution, suggesting PLD-generated PtdOH is responsible for retention of punctate fPtdCho staining. PLD isoforms 1b and 2a were labelled with Cherry (a red fluorescent protein) and transiently expressed in fPtdCho-labelled HeLa cells. Localisation was assessed using FRET by FRAP technology in live cells and showed that substrate and lipase were in close proximity. These findings will facilitate future development of a live real-time in vivo PLD assay. Furthermore, localisation of PLD and its activator Rac1 was assessed at rest and in EGF-stimulated HeLa cells in real-time. This showed co-localisation between PLD and Rac1 following stimulation. The fluorescent PtdCho was also used to develop a novel real-time in vitro PLD assay, monitoring fPtdCho metabolism at two second intervals. This in vitro assay is more sensitive than traditional end-point assays and will help clarify the relative rate of PLD activation in response to small G-protein activators and other co-factors in real-time.
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Yool, Donald Andrew. "Phenotypic analysis of the Plp-deficient mouse." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312690.
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Cabrerizo, Benito Yolanda. "Studies on a PKC-PLD-MAPK pathway." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399767.
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Giannopoulos, Vassilis. "Efficient VHDL models for various PLD architectures /." Online version of thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/12238.
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Farkaly, Terry C. "Inhibition of Cell Invasion by Targeting PLD." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1292449970.
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Amores, Da Silva Pedro M. "The utilization of biodegradable PLPG microparticles as controlled antigen delivery systems." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211917.
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Tellkamp, Friedjof [Verfasser]. "PLD-Grown Thin Film Saturable Absorbers / Friedjof Tellkamp." Aachen : Shaker, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1067736468/34.
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Er, Chiangkai. "Speech recognition by clustering wavelet and PLP coefficients." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42742.
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Kuzminykh, Yury. "Crystalline, rare-earth-doped sesquioxide and YAG PLD-films." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=981073182.
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Thibault, Nathalie. "Effet de l'adénosine sur l'activité PLD du neutrophile humain." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0001/MQ44972.pdf.
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Zhao, Yue. "Fabrication and characterization of superconducting PLD MgB2 thin films." Access electronically, 2005. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060719.121046/index.html.
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Vieira, Douglas Alexandre Gomes. "Rede perceptron com camadas paralelas (PLP - Parallel Layer Perceptron)." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-8CTH6W.
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This work presents a novel approach to deal with the structural risk minimization (SRM) applied to a general machine learning problem. The formulation is based on the fundamental concept that supervised learning is a bi-objective optimization problem in which two conflicting objectives should be minimized. The objectives are related to the training error, empirical risk (Remp), and the machine complexity (?). In this work one general Q-norm like method to compute the machine complexity is presented and it can be used to model and compare most of the learning machines found in the literature. The main advantage of the proposed complexity measure is that it is a simple method to split the linear and non-linear complexity influences, leading to a better understanding of the learning process. One novel learning machine, the Parallel Layer Perceptron (PLP) network was proposed here using a training algorithm based on the definitions and structures of learning, the Minimum Gradient Method (MGM). The combination of the PLP with the MGM (PLP-MGM) is held using a reliable least-squares procedure and it is the main contribution of this work.Este trabalho apresenta uma nova abordagem para lidar com o problema de minimização do risco estrutural (structural risk minimization - SRM) aplicado ao problema geral de aprendizado de máquinas. A formulação é baseada no conceito fundamental de que o aprendizado supervisionado é um problema de otimização bi-objetivo, onde dois objetivos conflitantes devem ser minimizados. Estes objetivos estão relacionados ao erro de treinamento, risco empírico (Remp), e à complexidade (capacidade) da máquina de aprendizado (?). Neste trabalho uma formulação geral baseada na norma-Q é utilizada para calcular a complexidade da máquina e esta pode ser utilizada para modelar e comparar a maioria das máquinas de aprendizado encontradas na literatura. A principal vantagem da medida proposta é que esta é uma maneira simples de separar as influências dos parâmetros lineares e não-lineares na medida de complexidade, levando a um melhor entendimento do processo de aprendizagem. Uma nova máquina de aprendizado, a rede perceptron com camadas paralelas (Parallel Layer Perceptron -PLP), foi proposta neste trabalho utilizando um treinamento baseado nas definições e estruturas de aprendizado propostas nesta tese, o Método do Gradiente Mínimo (Minimum Gradient Method-MGM). A combinação da PLP com o MGM (PLP-MGM) é feita utilizando o estimador de mínimos quadrados, sendo esta a principal contribuição deste trabalho.
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Parreira, Pedro Miguel Raimundo. "Nanocharacterisation of zirconia based RRAM devices deposited via PLD." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6877/.
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With CMOS technology reaching fundamental scaling limitations, innovative data storage technologies have been a topic of great academic and industrial interest. Emerging technologies, not all based in semiconductors, that exploit new variables like spin, polarisation, phase and resistance, are being investigated for their feasibility as data storage devices. One very promising technology is resistive switching random-access memory (RRAM). In RRAM devices memory operation relies on the change in resistance of a metal-insulator-metal structure, typically induced by ion migration combined with redox processes. Here, RRAM devices based on amorphous and crystalline zirconia have been prepared by means of pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The thesis starts with an overview of the commissioning of a new PLD system, with a focus on characterisation of the laser ablation plume, reduction of the density of “droplets” and development of the optimal system parameters, like temperature, oxygen pressure and laser fluence, for the preparation of zirconia based RRAM devices. For both amorphous and crystalline devices, titanium was used as an active electrode as it promotes the introduction of oxygen vacancies which are responsible for inducing resistive switching. In addition, growth of epitaxial Nb doped strontium titanate (Nb:STO) via PLD was achieved, as the high temperatures used during growth hinder the use of metallic bottom electrodes. Both types of RRAM devices have good performance figures, with ON/OFF ratios of 1000 and 10000 and endurance of more than 10000 cycles. Conduction mechanisms point to two different types of resistive switching: insulator-to-metal transition and trapping and de-trapping at the metal-oxide interfaces. Surprisingly, both conduction mechanisms were found to coexists on amorphous devices. Scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy were used to investigate how interfaces can influence resistive switching. Results indicate that titanium, in addition to introducing oxygen vacancies, creates an ohmic interface with zirconia which forces the resistive switching to take place on the inert metal-oxide Schottky interface, which was not described so far.
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Passoja, K. (Kaisa). "Human lysyl hydroxylase:identification of the residue involved in the binding of 2-oxoglutarate at the catalytic site and characterization of a novel isoenzyme, LH3, and its gene." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2000. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514257324.
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Abstract
Lysyl hydroxylase (E.C. 1.14.11.4, protocollagen-lysine 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase, PLOD) catalyses the formation of hydroxylysine in collagens and other proteins with collagen-like sequences. The hydroxylysine residues participate in the formation of collagen crosslinks and serve as attachment sites for carbohydrate units. The importance of lysine hydroxylation is demonstrated by the critical manifestations found in patients with the type VI variant of the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, which is caused by a deficiency in lysyl hydroxylase activity.
Lysyl hydroxylase requires Fe2+, 2-oxoglutarate, O2 and ascorbate. The binding site for the C-5 carboxyl group of 2-oxoglutarate is characterized here by site-directed mutagenesis. Two conserved and one non-conserved amino acid residues at the possible binding site in human lysyl hydroxylase 1 were converted individually to alanine or lysine and the mutant polypeptides were expressed in insect cells. Mutation of arginine-700 to alanine inactivated the enzyme completely, whereas mutation of the other two residues had only a minor effect. In addition, the Km of the arginine-700 to lysine mutant polypeptide for 2-oxoglutarate was increased 10-fold. The results thus indicate that this conserved arginine is the residue that binds the C-5 carboxyl group of 2-oxoglutarate in lysyl hydroxylases.
A novel human lysyl hydroxylase isoenzyme, termed lysyl hydroxylase 3, was identified, cloned and characterized here. The overall amino acid sequence identity between the novel human lysyl hydroxylase isoenzyme and the other human lysyl hydroxylase isoenzymes is about 60%. The highest expression levels of the mRNA for lysyl hydroxylase 3 among the tissues studied were found in the placenta, pancreas and heart. The novel isoenzyme was expressed as a recombinant protein in insect cells, and the protein was shown to function as a lysyl hydroxylase in vitro hydroxylation experiments using short synthetic peptides as substrates. No differences in catalytic properties were found between the recombinant lysyl hydroxylases 3 and 1.
The structure of the human gene for lysyl hydroxylase 3 was determined in the last part of this work. The gene is shown to be only 11.6 kb in size and to contain 19 exons. Transcription was found to be initiated at multiple sites, and the introns contained 15 full-length Alu retroposons or partial Alu fragments of more than 100 bp. The present characterization of the exon-intron organization of the gene will provide a basis for further studies to determine whether there is any genetic disease that is attributable to mutations in this gene.
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Selke, Manfred Paul. "Personenbezogene Langzeitanwendung von Dialysatoren (PLD) in Deutschland : Medizinische, methodische und formale Grundlagen der PLD-Technik mit prospektiver Validierung eines High-Flux-Polysulfon-Dialysators /." Bonn, 2008. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=017071497&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Yu, Richard Wenfei. "Characterization of PLP1+ cells and natural killer cells with heightened activity in vitiligo." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/40455.
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Background: Vitiligo is a complex autoimmune skin condition characterized by the death of melanocytes, the principle pigment producing cells in the skin. Transcriptome analysis of vitiligo skin revealed significantly reduced levels of proteolipid 1 (PLP1) gene, which is known to be expressed by Schwann cells, as well as significantly up-regulation of genes that are associated with natural killer (NK) cell activity.
Hypothesis and Objectives: Schwann cells may be adversely affected in vitiligo and NK cells may potentially play a role in the overall disease pathogenesis. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to characterize the down-regulation of PLP1 and assess the presence of NK cell infiltration in vitiligo skin biopsies.
Materials and Methods: PLP1 expression analyses were performed on major types of skin cells as well as vitiligo and normal skin samples. Quantification of Schwann cells was performed on paired vitiligo samples using immunohistochemistry. Schwann cell conditioned medium was also tested for its ability to support the growth and survival of human melanocytes. To assess NK cell activity, explant skin cultures and immunofluorescence analyses were performed to localize activated NK cells in skin biopsies.
Results: Schwann cells were the primary source of PLP1 in human skin, although it is also expressed by melanocytes. Schwann cells were found to be decreased in vitiligo lesional skin as compared to peri-lesional and normal skin. In addition, conditional medium prepared from cultured Schwann cells significantly increased the survival of human melanocytes. Furthermore, explant skin cultures and immunofluorescence studies revealed marked increase of NK cells with heightened activity in vitiligo lesional as well as peri-lesional vitiligo skin.
Conclusion: Results from our study suggest that the loss of melanocytes and reduction in Schwann cells may account for the down-regulation of PLP1 in vitiligo lesional skin. In addition, Schwann cells may play a role in the growth and survival of melanocytes and their decrease may have facilitated the development of vitiligo. Furthermore, this study lends support to the direct involvement of NK cells in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and suggests that they should be explored as cellular targets for development of better therapies in the future.
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Beevers, J. E. "Magnetic X-ray spectroscopy studies of PLD grown magnetoelectric hexaferrites." Thesis, University of York, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21469/.
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The work here in was undertaken with two main objectives. The first has been to design and develop a bespoke pulsed laser deposition growth system to enable the growth of high quality transition metal oxide thin films. The system has been constructed to allow for the growth of multi-block or layered systems, such as the R, S and T-blocks of hexaferrites, by utilising an alternating target approach. Ultimately, the growth system’s ability to grow complex oxide thin films has been tested and the successful growth of an epitaxial M-type hexaferrite, with material properties that compare well to the literature, has been realised. Additionally, the magnetoelectric effect in M-type Ti-Co doped strontium hexaferrite, SrCo2Ti2Fe8O19, has been studied using a combination of magnetometry and element specific soft x-ray spectroscopies. A large increase (>30x) in the magnetoelectric coefficient is found when Co2+ enters the trigonal bi-pyramidal site. The 5-fold trigonal bi-pyramidal site has been shown to provide an unusual mechanism for electric polarization based on the displacement of magnetic transition metal ions. For Co entering this site, an off-centre displacement of the cation may induce a large local electric dipole as well as providing an increased magnetostriction enhancing the magnetoelectric effect.
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Knapek, Katie J. "The Role of Phospholipase D (PLD) and Grb2 in Chemotaxis." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1230574811.
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Okay, Sezer. "Development Of Recombinant Vaccines Composed Of Plpe And Omph From Pasteurella Multocida A:3." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613980/index.pdf.
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Pasteurella multocida serotype A:3 is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen which is one of the causative agents of shipping fever in cattle. In this study, ompH and two fragments of plpE gene (plpEN and plpEC) were cloned from the genomic DNA of P. multocida P-1062 (ATCC 15743, serotype A:3) and plpEN-ompH and plpEC-ompH fusions were constructed. In vitro expression of the genes was shown in HEK-293 cells. Later, full-length plpE gene was cloned and the recombinant proteins were expressed in E. coli and purified. Three DNA vaccine formulations, namely pCMV-ompH, pCMV-plpEN-ompH and pCMV-plpEC-ompH and five recombinant protein based vaccines, PlpEN-OmpH, PlpEC-OmpH, OmpH, PlpEC and PlpE were generated. Recombinant proteins were formulated with at least one of the adjuvants: alum, CpG, alum-CpG, oil based and oil based-CpG. BALB/c mice were immunized with these vaccine formulations and their sera were used for the evaluation of antibody and serum IFN-&gammatiters. Protective capacities of the vaccines were also evaluated via challenge of mice with 10 LD50 of P. multocida A:3. DNA vaccines induced immune responses, but did not provide protection. All protein vaccine formulations increased antibody levels and CpG containing formulations enhanced serum IFN-&gamma
titers. 100 µ
g of PlpEC-OmpH protein adsorbed on alum adjuvant conferred 40% protection while no protection was obtained with PlpEN-OmpH. Next, the effects of CpG, or its alum and oil based combinations as adjuvants were investigated on PlpEC-OmpH mediated protection. The vaccine formulation composed of PlpEC-OmpH and oil based-CpG adjuvant conferred 100% protection. Finally, the mice were vaccinated with recombinant OmpH, PlpEC and PlpE formulated with oil based-CpG adjuvant. OmpH, PlpEC and PlpE formulations provided 50%, 60% and 100% protection, respectively. These findings implicated that recombinant PlpE and PlpEC-OmpH fusion proteins when formulated with oil based-CpG adjuvant are potent acellular vaccine formulation candidates against shipping fever.
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Karim, Saadia Ansari. "The effects of increased Plp1 gene dosage on expression and processing of myelin proteins." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/580/.
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Mutations in proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1), an X-linked gene causes Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) in humans. The most frequent cause of PMD is the duplication of PLP1, which encodes the major myelin membrane protein of the human CNS. The #66 transgenic mice with extra copies of the wild type Plp1 gene are a valid model of PMD caused by increased gene dosage (Readhead et al., 1994). These mice develop dysmyelinating or demyelinating phenotypes dependant on the gene dosage. This study investigated the effects of both low and high increased Plp1 gene dosage on various different selected aspects of myelin, including morphology, message and protein levels of PLP/DM20 and other representative myelin proteins and PLP/DM20 dynamics. Early in development mice with low increased gene dosage (hemizygous) are indistinguishable at the protein and myelin levels from their wild type littermates. During myelination these animals display elevated levels of PLP/DM20 in the oligodendrocyte cell body and alterations in other myelin protein levels and to the structure of myelin but these are transitory effects. These transient changes suggest the oligodendrocytes at low gene dosage retain the ability to regulate expression, production and incorporation of proteins into myelin thus maintaining the normal process of myelination. At high increased gene dosage (homozygous), oligodendrocytes in culture, pre and early myelinating oligodendrocytes in vivo and oligodendrocytes in vivo during peak myelination all exhibit elevated levels of PLP/DM20 in the their cell bodies. The protein is sequestered into autophagic vacuoles and late endosomes/lysosomes (LE/Ls), while the levels in myelin are reduced compared to wild type and hemizygous cells. Synthesis, partitioning with lipids and incorporation of PLP/DM20 are all also affected in the homozygous animals. The increased Plp1 gene dosage does affect other myelin proteins, in particular MBP, which showed a consistent and dramatic reduction in oligodendrocytes and myelin. These results indicate the heterogeneity of phenotypes and underlying changes caused by low and high increased Plp1 gene dosage. The cause of the dysmyelination observed in #66 mice and patients with PMD does not appear to be due to one single change in myelinogenesis. Each alteration observed in #66 transgenic mice could be a contributing factor. Importantly, the perturbation of MBP expression, in the light of this gene’s pivotal role in myelination, highlights that the relationship between Plp1 and Mbp expression is implicated in the pathogenesis of dysmyelination.
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Sarret, Catherine. "Caractérisation et analyses fonctionnelles de nouveaux produits d'expression du gène humain des protéolipoprotéines, PLP1." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF1MM28.
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Le gène humain des protéolipoprotéines, hPLP1, code les protéines PLP/DM20 qui dans le système nerveux central (SNC) sont produites par les oligodendrocytes (OL), participant à la compaction de la myéline mais aussi potentiellement aux interactions axone-OL. Les mutations dans hPLP1 sont responsables de la maladie de Pelizaeus-Merzbacher et de la paraplégie spastique de type 2. Ce travail a identifié 2 nouveaux exons dans hPLP1 associés à la production de 4 transcrits additionnels neuronaux et spécifiques de l'homme. Deux transcrits sont traduits en isoformes PLPA/DM20A avec 9 AA supplémentaires en N-terminal. Ces protéines neuronales sont localisées à la membrane cytoplasmique. Par clivage protéolytique, PLP/DM20 et PLPA/DM20A produiraient un peptide C-terminal à rôle mitogène. Les 2 autres transcrits seraient non codants. Un modèle murin "humanisé" exprimant seulement hPLP1 (inséré en 5 copies dans le génome murin) a été développé. Il n'a pas de phénotype particulier hormis une infertilité mâle. Une surexpression de hPLP1 avec conservation d'épissage PLP/DM20 et sur-représentation de DM20, est observée dans le SNC de ce modèle. Les nouveaux transcrits sont exprimés par ce modèle mais uniquement dans les OLs suggérant une régulation cellulaire de transcription de PLP1 différente entre espèces. Ce travail ouvre des perspectives de rôle neuronal pour hPLP1. Aa vu de l'expression dans les OL du modèle murin "humanisé" des nouveaux transcrits, il semble d'intérêt limité pour étudier leur rôle neuronal. Cependant, il permettra d'étudier l'efficacité de thérapeutiques modulant, chez les patients, l'expression de hPLP1The human proteolipid protein gene hPLP1 encodes the PLP/DM20 proteins, expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) by oligodendrocytes (OL), where they play a role in myelin compaction but also may act in axon-OL interactions. Mutations in hPLP1 are responsible for Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease and Spastic Paraplegia type 2. This work has led to the identification of 2 new exons in hPLP1, associated with the production pf 4 new transcripts with a human specific and neuronal expression. Two of them are translated in proteic isoforms PLPA/DM20A with 9 supplementary AA at their N-terminal. Those neuronal proteins are located at the cytoplasmic membrane. By proteolytic cleavage, PLP/DM20 and PLPA/DM20A are able to produce a C-terminal peptide with mitotic activity. The two other transcripts are non codant. A "humanised" mouse model that only expresses hPLP1 (with 5 copies inserted in the mouse genome) has been developed. These mice have no peculiar phenotype excepted male infertility. An overexpression of hPLP1, with conservation of the PLP/DM20 splicing and over-representation of DM20, is observed in the CNS of this model. The new transcripts are also expressed but only in OL, suggesting a different cellular regulation of transcription between species. This work opens perspectives with neuronal functions for hPLP1. According to OL expression of the new transcripts in the "humanised" model, this one seems of low interest to study their neuronal role. However, it may be of particular interest in testing efficacy of therapeutics aiming to modulate hPLP1 expression in patients
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Cook, Javan Harold. "The investigation of phosphorescent dopants and novel blue fluorescent polymer hosts for PLED devices." Thesis, Durham University, 2015. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11213/.
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This thesis has focused on using experimental and simulation based techniques in an attempt to understand the interactions between polymer hosts and phosphorescent dopants in Organic Light Emitting Devices (OLEDs). The viability of the SEmiconducting Thin Film Optics Simulation (SETFOS) software as a modelling tool has been established using the well documented material poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). Parameters including resistivity and work function were extracted using SETFOS and the trends observed compared favourably to the commercially provided values, despite some limitations. SETFOS was then used, along with steady state and transient electroluminescence characterisation, to investigate the effects of both phosphorescent dopant colour and concentration on device performance and extract important device parameters, such as the density of states and carrier mobilities. Different device behaviours were observed depending upon the dopant colour and concentration, highlighting the importance of both to device performance. SETFOS was again found to be able to produce quantitative values for a number of device parameters, but several more limitations within the models were identified, which makes further analysis and investigation necessary. Having gained an understanding of host and dopant interactions in OLED devices, the information gathered was used in the characterization of novel high triplet host polymers for OLED applications. Seven polyfluorene based copolymers were investigated in devices with a range of different coloured phosphorescent dopants and charge transport molecules. Unfortunately, they were found to be unsuitable for use as host materials in OLEDs, acting instead as charge traps. These polymers, along with four others, were alternatively assessed on their ability to perform as deep blue, or violet, fluorescent materials in undoped Polymer LED (PLED) devices. These devices were found to have some of the highest device characteristics currently detailed in the literature, and represent a variety of new ways of achieving efficient deep blue emission using PLED devices.
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Silva, Alex Frazatti. "Uma contribuição ao desenvolvimento de displays poliméricos com a técnica Ink Jet." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-24092008-134735/.
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Os dispositivos emissores de luz orgânicos OLEDs têm despertado um enorme interesse tanto da comunidade científica quanto das empresas presentes no mercado mundial de displays. As características de elevado ângulo de visão, alta eficiência energética, possibilidade de confecção de displays flexíveis que não necessitam retroiluminação, baixo peso, fácil processabilidade, dentre outras, fazem com que os displays fabricados com materiais orgânicos apresentem um enorme potencial para as mais diversas aplicações. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo contribuir para a construção e caracterização de displays monocromáticos à base de polímeros luminescentes depositados pela técnica Ink Jet. Para tanto foram preparados os padrões de linhas x colunas, formadores dos pontos luminosos (pixels) de matrizes passivas e desenvolvidos processos para deposição dos filmes finos de polímeros semicondutores. A utilização da deposição por Ink Jet aparece como uma técnica chave para a produção de dispositivos poliméricos. Nesta pesquisa, como material luminescente foi utilizado um polímero da família do polifluoreno, de fácil processamento e elevada eficiência luminosa, enquanto que como eletrodos foram utilizados o óxido de estanho e índio (ITO) e Alumínio. O ITO foi utilizado por possuir baixa resistividade elétrica, elevada função de trabalho e elevada transmitância na região do visível. O processo de encapsulamento do display se deu por meio do acondicionamento destes dispositivos em ambiente isento de oxigênio e umidade, evitando-se os efeitos já conhecidos da foto-oxidação das camadas poliméricas. Os dispositivos, uma vez preparados, foram caracterizados por meio de medidas ópticas (fotoluminescência), elétricas (eletroluminescência, condutividade) e de desempenho (eficiência luminosa e luminância).Organic Light Emitters Diodes OLEDs is a promising field of study and a huge market opportunity to semiconductor players. Thanks to its potential characteristics to replace the main todays display technologies like lightweight, low voltage, wide viewing angle, high resolution, fast switching, broad color range and the possibility to fabricate flexible devices, makes the organic semiconductors a potential candidate to develop, in a near future, devices and systems that even could not be imagined before. This work aims to contribute to the manufacturing process field and to the characterization of displays made by ink jet deposition technique. To achieve this objective, line x column patterns were produced, in which the pixels are generated at the crossing of lines and columns. The ink jet printing of materials is playing an important role in industry because it provides a low-cost manufacture environment potential. In this work, we studied the morphology of the ink jet deposition of polyfluorene over Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) substrates treated by different procedures. Those materials where used because the polyfluorene polymer presents high light emission efficiency and easiness of processing. The electrodes were prepared with ITO (due its low resistivity, high work function and high transmittance in the visible spectrum) and aluminum. The processed displays were sealed inside an inert ambient with positive pressure to avoid the photo-oxidation of the semiconductor luminescent polymer layers. The devices were characterized by optical (photoluminescence), electrical (electroluminescence) and performance (brightness, luminous efficiency) measurements.
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Comenge, Yannick. "Caractérisation du système à deux composants CroRS et implication dans la résistance intrinsèque aux beta-lactamines de Enterococcus faecalis." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077040.
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Schröter, Helge. "PLD-Wachstum und Charakterisierung von dünnen Filmen aus Europium- und Yttriumhydriden." Berlin dissertation.de, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1001144481/04.
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Ho, Lok-ping, and 何樂平. "Laplace transform deep level transient spectroscopic study on PLD grown ZnO." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/211117.
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The fundamental physics and techniques employed in Laplace transform deep level transient spectroscopy (L-DLTS) are reviewed. A Laplace-DLTS system has been constructed. The high resolving power of this system has been demonstrated experimentally.
The L-DLTS system was applied to characterize the defects in undoped n-type ZnO thin film grown by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method. A 0.3 eV deep trap has been identified. The formations of Ec-0.39eV and Ec-0.20eVcan be enhanced when the sample surface is seriously damaged by high temperature annealing.AnEc-0.25eV trap is identified in the freshly grown samples, but would disappear after the storage of 3 months.
Copper doped n-type ZnO thin film samples with low carrier concentration (n~〖10〗^16 〖cm〗^(-3)) were investigated by using both conventional and Laplace DLTS techniques. Positive DLTS signal peaks were detected that are suspected to be contributed by the minority carrier (hole carrier) emission. A physics model involving the inversion layer of a metal-insulator-semiconductor contact has been invoked to interpret the hole carrier concentration existing near the metal-semiconductor interface. Expression for the defect concentration is determined as a function of the temperature of DLTS peaks. AnEv+0.6eV defect with high concentration (N_T~〖10〗^17 〖cm〗^(-3)) was detected. The concentration of Ev+0.6eVcan be enhanced when the annealing temperature was increased from 750 to 900 degree C.published_or_final_version
Physics
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Hardie, Graham Lyall. "Techniques for enhancing the PLD growth of superconducting YBCO thin films." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96096.
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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) exhibit exceptional electrical properties that make them attractive candidates for numerous electronic devices and applications. However, constructing working devices can be challenging due to fabrication difficulties of these brittle ceramics. This thesis investigates new methods to make the fabrication of high quality YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) thin films easier and compatible with more materials. We present the development of a universal add-on method that can be used in situ to improve the quality of superconducting thin films deposited by Pulsed Laser deposition (PLD). We investigate the in situ application of electric fields and voltage biasing to improve the thin film growth. Considering various electrode configurations, we have developed a final electrode design that is stable and produces reproducible results. By introducing an insulated high voltage (HV) electrode into the chamber during deposition, the quality of the deposited thin films can be modulated depending on the polarity of the voltage applied. Applying a positive voltage improves the film quality obtained. Applying a negative voltage degrades the superconducting properties of the films. A simple proof-of-concept HTS dual-mode microwave filter was designed, fabricated and tested. Only the filter produced using our novel PLD technique displayed the correct filtering action upon cooling to 77K. This is attributed to the thin films better superconducting properties due to our developed technique.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hoë Temperatuur Supergeleiers (HTS) vertoon aantreklike elektriese eienskappe wat hulle goeie kandidate maak vir verskeie elektroniese toepassings. Om werkende toestelle te ontwikkel kan 'n uitdaging wees, as gevolg van die vervaardigings probleme wat bestaan vir hierdie bros keramiek materiaal. Hierdie tesis ondersoek nuwe metodes om die vervaardiging van 'n hoë gehalte YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) dun films makliker en versoenbaar te maak met verskeie materiale. Ons toon die ontwikkeling van 'n algemene metode wat maklik bygevoeg kan word om in situ die gehalte van supergeleidende dun films, wat deur gepulseerde laser deponering (PLD) gedeponeer is, te verbeter. Ons ondersoek die in situ toepassing van elektriese velde en spannings om die dun film groei te verbeter. Verder oorweeg ons verskeie elektrode konfigurasies en ontwikkel 'n finale elektrode ontwerp wat stabiel is en herhaalbare resultate produseer. Die kwaliteit van die gedeponeerde dun films kan gemoduleer word deur die byvoeging van 'n geïsoleerde hoogspannings (HV) elektrode tydens deponering, afhangende van die polariteit van die aangelegde spanning. 'n Positiewe spanning verhoog die film kwaliteit, terwyl 'n negatiewe spanning die supergeleidende eienskappe van die films verlaag. 'n Eenvoudige HTS dubbele-modus mikrogolffilter is ontwerp, vervaardig en getoets, om as toepassings voorbeeld te dien. Slegs die filter wat geproduseer was met behulp van ons nuwe PLD tegniek, vertoon die beste filter oordrag by 77K. Dit word toegeskryf aan die beter supergeleidende eienskappe van die dun film, as gevolg van die toepassing van ons ontwikkelde tegniek.
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Flores, Borja Fabian. "Characterisation of the mouse glycosylphosphatidyl inositol phospholipase D (GPI-PLD) gene." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404723.
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Arros, Muñoz Fernando Patricio. "Estudio y análisis del sistema eléctrico ecuatoriano mediante el modelo PLP." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/167858.
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Ingeniero Civil EléctricoLas interconexiones interncionales el día de hoy son un tema de importancia, ya que tienen grandes beneficios tanto para sistemas pequeños, como grandes, al ayudar a mejorar los precios del país, además de reforzar el sistema mientras mayor se la interconexión. Con esto en mente, este trabajo da inicio al estudio de una posible interconexión de los países sudamericanos, en particular, los presentes en el el mar del pácifico, Chile, Perú, Ecuador y Colombia. De esta forma, este trabajo presenta los resutados obtenidos del sistema ecuatoriano, para poder realizar futuras investigaciones con respecto a la interconexión de estos países. Los resultados obtenidos corresponden a los costos marginales, la generación, los niveles de embalse y la cargabilidad de las lineas, cada uno de ellos validados según los supuestos tomados al realizar el modelo. Además, también se muestra como se organiza y funciona el sistema eléctrico ecuatoriano. Po último, se compara los costos marginales de Ecuador con Colombia, para poder ver si se tiene un beneficio mutuo para ambos países, al realizar una interconexión entre ellos.
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Fite, Kristen. "Dysregulation of Phospholipase D (PLD) isoforms increases breast cancer cell invasion." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright149557402792618.
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GONZÁLEZ, Alexei Catellano. "Caracterização de filmes de cds preparados pela técnica de deposição por laser pulsado (PLD)." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2002. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/6882.
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Previous issue date: 2002Neste trabalho foi projetado e montado um sistema de evaporação de filmes finos utilizando um laser de Nd:YAG como a fonte de energia de evaporação com comprimentos de onda de 1064 nm e 532 nm. Esta técnica é conhecida como: Deposição com Laser Pulsado (Pulsed Laser Deposition, PLD). O material escolhido para evaporação foi o CdS. A caracterização dos filmes foi feita através de técnicas como difração de raios-X, microscopia eletrônica, transmissão, fotoluminescência, e absorção no infravermelho médio e distante por transformada de Fourier. Verificamos a obtenção de filmes cristalinos com estrutura wurtzita e com eixo c altamente orientado na direção perpendicular à superfície do substrato. Até onde conhecemos este é um resultado original para filmes evaporados com 532 nm. Através dos espectros de absorção e transmissão foram obtidos parâmetros importantes como espessura do filme, índice de refração, gap óptico e variação relativa da concentração de impurezas. Foi constatada uma diminuição na concentração de impurezas por excesso de Cd com o aumento da fluência e a diminuição do comprimento de onda de evaporação. O aumento da fluência também acarretou uma diminuição do gap do material como reflexo das variações na concentração de impurezas. As bandas de impurezas foram estudadas pela técnica de absorção no infravermelho médio e distante por transformada de Fourier. Os espectros de fotoluminescência obtidos mostraram picos de máxima intensidade no verde. Este aspecto é um indicador da alta qualidade dos filmes evaporados
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Franke, Helena. "PLD-grown ZnO-based Microcavities for Bose–Einstein Condensation of Exciton-Polaritons." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-98174.
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Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt die Herstellung und optische Untersuchung von Halbleiterheterostrukturen, genauer Mikrokavitäten, in denen ein Bose–Einstein Kondensat (BEK) von sogenannten Exziton-Polaritonen im Festkörper erzeugt und beobachtet werden soll. Diese Strukturen bestehen aus zwei hochreflektierenden Braggspiegeln (BS) und einer ZnO-Kavität als aktivem Material. Zunächst wurde die Abscheidung der BS hinsichtlich genauer Schichtdickenkontrolle und Reproduzierbarkeit verbessert. Um Kavitätsschichten hinreichender Qualität herzustellen, wurden mehrere Ansätze zur Optimierung dieser planaren Schichtabscheidung mittels gepulster Laserdeposition verfolgt. Dabei kamen Techniken, wie das Ausheizen der Proben oder deren Glättung durch Ionenstrahlbeschuß zum Einsatz, um die elektronischen Eigenschaften bzw. die Oberflächen der Kavitätsschichten erheblich zu verbessern. Desweiteren wurde erfolgreich ein Verfahren entwickelt, freistehende, nahezu einkristalline ZnO-Nanodrähte mit Braggspiegeln zu ummanteln. Alle hergestellten Strukturen wurden in ihren strukturellen Eigenschaften, speziell hinsichtlich ihrer Rauhigkeit und Kristallinität, verglichen und mittels orts- und/oder winkelaufgelöster Photolumineszenzspektroskopie sowie Reflexionsmessungen bezüglich ihrer optischen Eigenschaften untersucht. Dabei konnte in fast allen Proben die starke Kopplung, welche die Grundlage für ein BEK darstellt, gezeigt werden. Hinweise für eine höhere Kopplungsstärke in den Nanodraht-basierten Mikrokavitäten wurden gefunden. Der Nachweis von BEK bis nahe Raumtemperatur gelang an der vielversprechendsten planaren Probe, die einen Qualitätsfaktor von ca. 1000 aufweist. Die Eigenschaften des BEK wurden für verschiedene Temperaturen und Detunings untersucht. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß ein negatives Detuning unerläßlich für die Bildung eines BEK in ZnO-basierten Mikrokavitäten ist. Die Impulsraumverteilung der Kondensat-Polaritonen läßt auf ausgeprägte dynamische Eigenschaften dieser Teilchen bei tiefen Temperaturen schließenThe present work covers the fabrication and optical investigation of semiconductor microcavities for Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) of exciton-polaritons. These microcavities consist of highly reflective distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) surrounding a ZnO-cavity as active medium. In the first step, the growth of DBRs was optimised with respect to exact thickness control and high reproducibility. For the active material, several growth strategies have been pursued, in order to optimise the conditions for the growth of planar thin films by pulsed laser deposition. Techniques like annealing or ion beam smoothing were successfuly applied in order to either improve the electronic properties or decrease the roughness of the ZnO-cavity layer. Furthermmore, a successful technology was developed in order to coat highly-crstalline free-standing ZnO nanowires with concentrical DBR shells. All samples have been investigated regarding their roughness and crystallinity as well as their optical properties. For the latter spatially and/or angular-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy and reflection measurements have been carried out. Thereby, the strong coupling regime – being prerequisite for BEC – could be demonstrated in almost all of the synthesized structures. For the nanowire-based microcavities hints for an enhanced coupling strength have been found. In one of the planar samples, showing the high quality factor of 1000, the formation of BEC almost up to room temperature was observed and was studied as a function of temperature and detuning. Negative detuning was found to be mandatory for the formation of a BEC in ZnO-based microcavities. The distinct momentum- respective in-plane wavevector distribution of the condensate polaritons revealed a strong dynamic character of these particles at low temperatures
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Fang, Chien-Chih, and 方堅至. "MEH-PPV:Synthesis and Application in PLED." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42306187193069706365.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
有機高分子研究所
89
The purpose of this study is to fabricate the organic electroluminescence (EL) device from polymer materials. MEH-PPV, [poly(2-methoxy-5-(2’-ethylhexyloxy)- 1,4-phenylene-vinylene)], has been chosen as our model polymer in this study. In 1990, the first polymer EL device was fabricated by the research group in Cambridge employed conjugated polymer, PPV [poly(p-phenylenevinylene)], by spin coating techniques. Since PPV derivatives possess semiconductor characteristic and the advantages of solution processibility and relatively cheap to manufacture, it has been popular materials widely studied by researchers in recent years. MEH-PPV, as a typical example, has fair solubility in some organic solvent and its EL devices exhibited low driving voltages and high efficiency. There are still some problems need to be overcome in the details of polymer synthesis as the solubility and device performance differs from different samples. Therefore, we focused on the synthesis of fully soluble MEH-PPV polymer by addition modifier, 4-t-Butylbenzyl chloride, as chain stopper in the polymerization system. A fully soluble MEH-PPV material with optimal molecular weight has been obtained. Finally, a bright and even EL device was performed.
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Kun, Lee Meng, and 李孟坤. "PLED Defect Inspection by AOI System." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55945932142002864780.
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碩士國立交通大學
工業工程與管理系所
93
Polymer light emitting diode (PLED) stacks up several thin layers of materials, including PF layer, metal layer and ITO layer. Without any other source of luminance, PLED materials present bright, clear video and images that are easy to see at almost any angle. Thus, the inspection of commonly observed PLED defects such as dark point, surface scratch, non-uniform luminance, lack of color uniformity, and insufficient rubber width, etc, are an important issue of PLED industry. An AOI system, which can inspect all the listed defects, was developed to improve the inspection speed and quality. Luminance and outward appearance are important quality indicators of PLED panel. The defects listed above can be classified into two classes by these two indicators. Class I defect is related with PLED luminance, including dark point and non-uniform luminance. A conducting fixture was designed to have the PLED panel be conducted and lit up with 3 Voltage. In order to detect which layer was broken, we use (a) an UV light to stimulate the PF layer, and (b) a back light to illuminate the metal layer for image grabbing. Class II defect is related with outward appearance, including surface scratch and insufficient rubber width. The coaxial LED light is used for image grabbing. The proposed AOI system can detect the above mentioned defects effectively and robustly. Such AOI system can provide great help for improving the PLED quality control process and production process.
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Cheng, Chung, and 鄭忠. "Studies on Integration of PLED and SU-8 waveguide for signal transmission on silicon substrate and blue PLED." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14019491861078175923.
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碩士國立清華大學
電子工程研究所
94
Polymer light emitting diodes (PLED) have been always considered as promising candidate for next generation of display technology. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the integration of PLED and SU-8 waveguide on silicon substrate for data communication. The Integration of red and green PLED with SU-8 waveguide on silicon substrate and the use of photodetector to measure electro-optic modulation from waveguide is successfully demonstrated. In order to achieve multi-wavelength transmission in SU-8 waveguide, we also focused on blue PLED. PFO-DMP is the best commercial blue material because it is of high photoluminescence and electroluminescence efficiency. SU-8 exhibits good thermal and chemical stability and it’s refractive coefficient is 1.5. It is suitable for waveguide material. We found that diffusion layer is the most cost-effective and feasible processing method to couple light into waveguide. The minimum requirement of modulation frequency of data communication is 1M Hz. In our devices, good modulation at 200k Hz was achieved. We believed with continued studies, the data communication with PLED on SU-8 waveguide will become possible.
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陳黛詩. "An AOI System for Detection of PLED panels." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79506121647604373927.
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碩士國立交通大學
工業工程與管理系所
95
Polymer light emitting diode (PLED) is generally stacked up by different kinds of materials of layers including PF layer, metal layer, and Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) layer. PLED panels can electrify themselves without any backlight system or lighting source. One advantage of using PLED panels is that people can see the text on panels from almost any angle of view. However, because of chemical reactions and materials, there are some kinds of defects occurred on panels such as non-uniformity of luminance, lack of chromaticity, and irregular rubber width. One efficient way to detect the defects of PLED panels is the AOI system, which is used to inspect the image of defects on the panels. Our research can be described in two parts. First, in order to compare the efficiency of colorimeter and CCD, we analyzed the results of measurement by using both of them. Second, we designed a set of hardware structure and algorithms for detecting the defect of non-uniformity luminance, lack of chromaticity, and irregular rubber width. We also verified the effectiveness of the proposed methods with several samples and experiments. Experimentation results showed that proposed AOI system has a good performance in PLED panel.
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Shi-Cheng, Lin, and 林世昌. "Multilayer PLED device fabrication and WPLED device design." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92691931913178507047.
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碩士國立交通大學
物理研究所
93
Although conjugated polymer devices can utilize the convenient solution process, the structures can not be preciously controlled due to the seriously dissolved problem between layers when we try to fabricate multi-layer structures. It is an obstacle to the applications of conjugated polymer devices. There are some polymers which are synthesized for multilayer fabrication purpose. Nevertheless, the device, made by these special polymers, performance is poor, and the variety is not much. Most important of all, the research expense for these special polymers is big. In order to overcome the dissolved problem, we use a buffer layer to let the first polymer layer avoid being damaged by the second polymer layer. Through the proof of the thickness measurement, it can effectively overcome the seriously dissolved problem between layers. It is a simple physical process and can apply to any kind of polymer devices in the future. In this paper we had success made multilayer device for WPLED,which yield reached 2.8cde/A.
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Hsiu-yun, Yeh, and 葉秀雲. "Enhancement of PLED Optical Properties by Solid Polymer Electrolyte." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29427278207464726736.
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碩士國立中央大學
化學研究所
90
Polymer light-emitting diode (PLED), entails problems such as short lift time, low quantum yield, high running voltage and insufficient interface adhesion between electrode and light emitting materials. In current study we explore a tunable doping by composite a polymer electrolyte, with the light emitting materials, MEHPPV. The study showed that the flexible PEO’s chain motion facilitated the ion doping with MEHPPV, which are otherwise immiscible with ion salt. As a result of the modification, it enhances electron and hole recombination, lowered the work potential and improved the quantum efficiency. The dynamics and local structures of lithium ion in the electrolyte composite PLED polymer composite is well illustrated by 7Li NMR. The best miscibility is achieved with MEHPPV/(PEO+Li)=60/40 wt% with the highest amount of lithium doped in MEHPPV. The doping forms polaron and bipolaron and decreased energy band gap, and successively lowered the work potential of about 2V with the conductivity increases 101~105 fold. UV and PL spectra indicated increasing conjugated length resulting form the more effective doping. Surface analyses from AFM and activation energy (Ea) measured from NMR line width provided detailed understanding of the coordination structures and exchange of lithium between MEHPPV and PEO, which contributes to the optical properties. The approach serves as a guidance to improve PLED optical and physical properties with tunable doing by polymer electrolytes.
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chang, Qing-Siong, and 張慶信. "PLPP Design for ITU-T G.832 E3 Signal." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30647036358511062189.
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碩士國立中正大學
電機工程研究所
88
Abstract Asynchronous Transfer Modes (ATM) over Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) provides a high-speed access to the Internet. User data can be concentrated in a high-speed interface (STM-1, DS3 or E3) connected to an ATM switch by a Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM). The design of a Physical Layer Protocol Processor (PLPP) in the high-speed interface is required if signal transport in the conventional telecommunication network is needed. In this paper, the PLPP for ITU-T G.832 E3 signal is designed by an FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array). A high-speed board integrates the E3 PLPP with the cell multiplexer function for evaluating E1 signals segmented/re-assembled by the ATM AAL1 processor. Long term test was performed to verify the performance of the E3 PLPP.
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Lin, Son-Yu, and 林松榆. "Synthesis of polyfluorene copolymers and their applications in PLED." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84653491659578242316.
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碩士國立成功大學
材料科學及工程學系碩博士班
93
Abstract Polyfluorene and its derivatives(PFs) have the advantages of high efficient blue emission in both photoluminescence and electroluminescence, high thermal stability, good oxidative resistance, good solubility, and tunability of emission wavelength. However, the main drawbacks of (PFs), such as aggregation and/or excimers formation in the solid state, limit their uses in polymer light emitting diode(PLED). In this study, I copolymerized dioctylfluorene with octylthiophene or benzothiadiazole moieties, which have rigid backbone and lower band gap. Three kinds of soluble random conjugated copolymers comprised of dioctylfluorene and octylthiophene or benzothiadiazole were synthesized by Nickel-catalyzed Yamamoto coupling reaction. They are poly(9,9-dioctyl-2,7-fluorene)(PDOF), poly (9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-3- octyl-thiophene)(PFT) and poly(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) (PFB). All of the polymers were characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR. With the advantage of this research approach, I didn’t find aggregation or excimers formation by photoluminescence spectrometer analysis. I did find the red-shift in their photoluminescence spectra. By TGA and DSC analysis, I found that the glass transition temperature(Tg) of PFB increased, but the thermal degradation temperatures(T5d) of copolymers PFT and PFB decreased. Finally, I have fabricated a double layer device, ITO/ PEDOT/Polymer/Ca-Al, and measured their EL spectra and luminance parameters.
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Lin, Yuan-Yu, and 林源祐. "Integration of PLED and SU-8 waveguide toward OEIC." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39097631562288128179.
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碩士國立清華大學
電子工程研究所
93
Conjugated polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) was considered as the next generation's display technology; Moreover it may find more technological applications. In this thesis, we try to fabricate an OEIC integrating PLED with SU-8 waveguide on silicon substrate. It can be used for chip-to-chip data communication in future. We utilize PLED as the light source and SU-8 as waveguide. Top emission of PLED has the maximum luminescence intensity. For this reason, we have to make PLED above waveguide and couple light into the waveguide. After many approaches, we found a workable method by doping SiO2 particles in SU-8 as a diffuser sheet. The incident light reach the diffuser sheet and undergo a large angle scattering. And a fair amount of light is directed into the waveguide. We believe our device structure can be further improved and become pratical in future.
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Chen, Yi-Jie, and 陳怡傑. "Dual-Wavelength White PLED With Blue And Orange Emission Peaks." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04490922819364152046.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
機械與機電工程學系
98
In this study, divided into two parts of: Part I: the method of using single-layer structure of the future completion of white polymer light emitting diodes. The complete structure of ITO / PEDOT: PSS / Host: Dopant/Cs2CO3/Al. Some of them light-emitting layer, respectively, using Blue J as the main material, PhNP as the doping material, doping ratio by the appropriate post (Blue J: PhNP = 99.5:0.5), available (0.3010,0.3667), white light. In this structure, the component the highest luminous efficiency 2.8 cd / A, while the power efficiency of 1.1 lm / W, also more than the basic lighting requirements 3000Cd/m2. Part II: Using the color conversion method and by the energy conversion and control between the membrane and the ball after the particle size to achieve the white light. The color conversion layer in this study there are two: first is the only spin red PC Film Materials: MEH-PPV; other is PC Film completed the first spin and then spin coated nanoparticles and MEH-PPV, in which Nanosphere had four size. No color conversion layer of nanoparticles in 4000 turn nearly white when light color (0.3066,0.3331), turn in 3000 when there were 74.2% of the photon conversion efficiency; the nanoparticles and the color conversion layer, the nano 690nm when the ball get past the white light color (0.3643,0.3183); the ball when the size of 420nm compared with 132.4 percent of the photon conversion efficiency. Keywords : White PLEDs, Color Conversion