Relevant bibliographies by topics / Playing against nature

Academic literature on the topic 'Playing against nature'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Playing against nature"

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Ravaja, Niklas, Timo Saari, Marko Turpeinen, Jari Laarni, Mikko Salminen, and Matias Kivikangas. "Spatial Presence and Emotions during Video Game Playing: Does It Matter with Whom You Play?" Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 15, no. 4 (August 1, 2006): 381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.15.4.381.

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The authors examined whether the nature of the opponent (computer, friend, or stranger) influences spatial presence, emotional responses, and threat and challenge appraisals when playing video games. In a within-subjects design, participants played two different video games against a computer, a friend, and a stranger. In addition to self-report ratings, cardiac interbeat intervals (IBIs) and facial electromyography (EMG) were measured to index physiological arousal and emotional valence. When compared to playing against a computer, playing against another human elicited higher spatial presence, engagement, anticipated threat, post-game challenge appraisals, and physiological arousal, as well as more positively valenced emotional responses. In addition, playing against a friend elicited greater spatial presence, engagement, and self-reported and physiological arousal, as well as more positively valenced facial EMG responses, compared to playing against a stranger. The nature of the opponent influences spatial presence when playing video games, possibly through the mediating influence on arousal and attentional processes.
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Ordóñez, Lucía Martínez, and Jörg Schimmelpfennig. "The War against the Taliban." International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences 6, no. 3 (July 2015): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsds.2015070102.

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Operation Enduring Freedom was hampered by a chronic shortage of attack helicopters available to ISAF forces in Afghanistan. Tactical operations into Taliban-held territory were launched even though close air support capable of dealing with “danger close” situations could not be assigned in advance. It led to significant ISAF casualties if the Taliban decided to fight back rather than withdraw. Departing from a Clausewitz-style, i.e. second-mover advantage, mixed-strategy equilibrium and taking account of the “Irregular Warfare” nature of the pay-offs, the paper looks into the existence of strategic moves. In particular, as playing a mixed strategy if rotary wing air support is unavailable merely incentivises a more aggressive Taliban response to any kind of operation due to the information asymmetry, it is argued that by moving away from the mixed-strategy equilibrium ISAF casualties in properly supported operations could be reduced, thus handing a first-mover advantage to ISAF.
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Nybakken, Tone, and Coral Falco. "Activity Level and Nature of Practice and Play in Children’s Football." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (April 11, 2022): 4598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084598.

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This study analyzes the activity level and nature of organized football training (deliberate practice, DPR), compared with when children play football on their own (deliberate play, DPL), in a sample of selected (YT) and non-selected (BT) talents. A total of 29 observations were analyzed over 2650 min, focusing on the kind of activity, variability, and intensity of the training. In DPL, there are more finishing on goal, involvement, and challenges in 1:1 situation, and more ball touches and ball transport in games, compared with DPR. Additionally, DPL has more activity time (68% vs. 56%) and fewer breaks overall (32% vs. 44%). In DPL, children spend more time playing against each other (92% vs. 36%), and most of the time there are games or finishing on goal. In DPR, children spend more time playing together with someone (2% vs. 44%) and in passing and receiving the ball. DPR training contains more standardized exercises and protected situations. DPR-YT training differs from DPR-BT training with less activity time, ball touches, attempts on goal, and 1:1 situations. In conclusion, the results support DPL providing more football-specific activity. More DPR training at the expense of DPL might reduce practice time for skill development.
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Lebacqz, Karen. "Cult books revisited." Theology 120, no. 6 (October 19, 2017): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040571x17719655.

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In Fabricated Man, Paul Ramsey railed against humans ‘playing God’, argued that our embodied nature sets limits on what we may ethically do and established covenant fidelity as a basis for bioethics. Subsequent works in the field have been constrained to respond to his challenges and perspective. This essay notes seven major themes that continue to influence the field of bioethics.
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RABEY, DAVID IAN. "Two Against Nature: Rehearsing and Performing Howard Barker's Production of his Play The Twelfth Battle of Isonzo." Theatre Research International 30, no. 2 (July 2005): 175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883305001173.

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The English dramatist/director Howard Barker has, through a unique combination of style, content, theoretical argument and mise-en-scène, persistently countered conventional presumptions and propositions of the supposedly ‘natural’ diminutions or ‘inevitable’ restrictions whereby one might think, feel, speak, act, love and exist. His work offers a purposefully anti-naturalistic expansion of vocabulary: of language, terms of experience, scenic and physical expression, and being. This article presents an actor's account of preparing and playing a role, under Barker's direction, in a two-hander play, and offers a reading of the play's strategic dynamics based on these experiences, and of the characters' uses of self-conscious performances in order to sustain and subvert artifice, with references to Greenblatt's theories of theatrical charisma and eroticism, and Baudrillard's theories of seduction.
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Soares de Melo, Itamar, Angela Maria Montes Peral Valente, Vanessa Nessner Kavamura, Elke Simoni Dias Vilela, and Jane Louise Faull. "Mycoparasitic nature of Bionectria sp. strain 6.21." Journal of Plant Protection Research 54, no. 4 (December 30, 2014): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jppr-2014-0049.

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Abstract In this study, a Bionectria sp. strain isolated from citrus rhizosphere was evaluated for its potential in inhibiting the growth of Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphanidermatum. It was demonstrated that Bionectria sp. 6.21 inhibited the growth of P. aphanidermatum and R. solani. In dual cultures, however, the antagonist only parasitised R. solani. Regarding the assay involving P. aphanidermatum, a lack of mycoparasitic ability was demonstrated. Crude extract of Bionectria completely inhibited the mycelial growth of both fungi. It appears that the main mechanism involved in the antagonism of Pythium by Bionectria is through antibiotic production. The antagonistic fungus released extracellular secondary metabolites. The metabolites were found to be inhibitory to both plant pathogenic fungi. From the crude extract, eleven fractions were obtained and tested for their antifungal properties. Two of them showed very strong activity against P. aphanidermatum. The obtained results indicated that this biocontrol agent has both antibiotic and mycoparasitic properties. On the other hand, evidence obtained from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) suggests the involvement of an enzymatic process, with enzymatic digestion playing a major role in the parasitism of Bionectria sp. 6.21. In conclusion, these results provide evidence that mainly due to mycoparasitism, this strain has the potential to become a good candidate for biological control.
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Fassone, Ricardo. "This is video game play: video games, authority and metacommunication." Comunicação e Sociedade 27 (June 29, 2015): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17231/comsoc.27(2015).2088.

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Gregory Bateson claims that all play acts should be primarily understood as meta-com­municative. In other words, playing a game implies being able to transmit and receive the meta-message ‘this is play’, which establishes a psychological frame among the players. I will propose a radical reading of Bateson’s theory in the context of video games; specifically, I will attempt at analysing the characteristics, specificities and implications of the message ‘this is video game play’. I will contend that the specific language through which video games convey this message is that of their rules, the inescapable limitations posed by their computational and digital nature. In other words, playing a video game is always, at least to a degree, playing a game of meta-communication with, against and around a video game’s hard-coded rules. Finally, I will propose a close reading of the game Papers, Please and contend that Pope’s work engages in a significant reading of the inherent reflexivity of video games, deliberately portraying their authoritative na­ture and communicative potential.
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Green, Andrew, and Roger Dalrymple. "Playing at Murder: The Collaborative Works of the Detection Club." Crime Fiction Studies 2, no. 1 (March 2021): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cfs.2021.0034.

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This paper explores the inter-war collaborative works of the Detection Club as a source of commentary and insight on the ludic and dialogic nature of Golden Age detective fiction. Less well known than the single-authored works of Detection Club members, the multi-authored Behind the Screen, The Scoop, The Floating Admiral, Ask a Policeman and Six Against the Yard capitalise upon the genre's capacity for intertextual play and self-conscious engagements with literary formula and convention. By adopting a range of collaborative approaches and working in different combinations, the joint authors (including Berkeley, Christie, Crofts, and Sayers) construct playful textual ‘spaces’ that foreground gameplay and dialogism as key dynamics in the writing and reception of detection fiction. The discussion deals with the texts and their games in two groupings, showing the appositeness of Barthes' notion of the ‘writerly text’ and Bruner's concept of subjunctivity to the first grouping, and of Bakhtinian dialogism and ‘carnival’ to the second. Attention is thus drawn to the richness of these texts as a source of commentary and illustration of the signature playful dynamic of Golden Age detective fiction.
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Williams, D. D. R., and Jane Garner. "The case against ‘the evidence’: A different perspective on evidence-based medicine." British Journal of Psychiatry 180, no. 1 (January 2002): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.180.1.8.

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BackgroundAn evidenced-based approach to psychiatry is playing an increasingly prominent role in treatment decision-making for individual patients and for populations. Many doctors are now critical of the emphasis being placed on ‘the evidence’ and concerned that clinical practice will become more constrained.AimsTo demonstrate that evidence-based medicine is not new, sources of evidence are limited and psychosocial aspects of medicine are neglected in this process.MethodSome of the literature is reviewed. Ideas and arguments are synthesised into a critical commentary.ResultsThese are considered under four headings: evidence-based medicine is not new; what evidence is acceptable; the doctor as therapist; and the emergence of a new utilitarian orthodoxy.ConclusionsIt is agreed that a degree of professional consensus is necessary. However, too great an emphasis on evidence-based medicine oversimplifies the complex and interpersonal nature of clinical care.
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O’Brien, Julia. "The Equity of Levelling the Playing Field in the Climate Change Context." Journal of World Trade 43, Issue 5 (October 1, 2009): 1093–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2009043.

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Most countries contemplating the introduction or maintenance of domestic carbon reduction policies in response to the climate change challenge are facing considerable political pressure to offset the economic burden of such action on their domestic constituencies. This paper examines the World Trade Organization (WTO) consistency of a potential unilateral introduction of a carbon tax on imports to address perceived trade competitiveness concerns. The nature of the tax examined would aim to charge imported goods the equivalent of what their producers would have had to pay if the goods had been produced in the importing country. This paper argues that attempting to ‘level the playing field’ by imposing a carbon tax on imports from countries with less stringent multilateral carbon reduction obligations would be contrary to the international recognition of ‘common but differentiated responsibility’ for climate change. By taking into account this principle in particular, reflected in the UN Climate Change Convention, a WTO panel may find in favour of a complainant against such a carbon tax under Article III of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1994 and also find that the measure is not justified under Article XX.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Playing against nature"

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Romanenkov, Yuri, Viktor Kosenko, Olena Lobach, Evgen Grinchenko, and Marina Grinchenko. "The method for ranking quasi-optimal alternatives in interval game models against nature." Thesis, National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", 2019. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/47215.

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The task of selecting the optimal strategy in the interval game with nature is considered; in particular, the situation when in the interactive dialogue of an analyst and decision support system there are cases of objective ambiguity caused, on the one hand, by interval uncertainty of data, and on the other hand – by the chosen model of the task formalization. The method for ranking quasioptimal alternatives in interval game models against nature is proposed, which enables comparing interval alternatives in cases of classical interval ambiguity. In this case, the function of the analyst preferences is used with respect to the values of the criterion that help determine the indicators for the quantitative ranking of alternatives. By selecting a specific type of the preference function, the researcher artificially converts the primary uncertainty of the data into the uncertainty of the preference function form, which nevertheless enables avoiding the ambiguity in the "fuzzy" areas of quasi-optimal alternatives.
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Books on the topic "Playing against nature"

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Stein, Seth, and Jerome Stein, eds. Playing against Nature. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118620786.

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L, Stein Jerome, ed. Playing against nature: Integrating science and economics to mitigate natural hazards in an uncertain world. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014.

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Stein, Seth, and Jerome Stein. Playing Against Nature: Integrating Science and Economics to Mitigate Natural Hazards in an Uncertain World. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2014.

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Bueno, Otávio, and Steven French. Explaining with Mathematics? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815044.003.0009.

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In this chapter, we examine the role of idealization, specifically with regard to explanation, and the broad criteria of acceptability that any such explanatory account should meet. Our case study is the phenomenon of ‘universality’, and, in particular, the role of the renormalization group, which has been held up as another example of mathematics playing a significant explanatory role. Again, we argue that once we have a clear framework for understanding representation, and an equally clear understanding of what is required of any explanation, such claims cannot be sustained. Contrary to Bob Batterman’s proposal, our inferential account can accommodate the cases he presents without the relevant mathematics itself playing an explanatory role. By articulating our account within the partial structures approach, we can accommodate the nature and significance of the phenomena involved, and thereby offer an understanding of them within a unitary account of scientific practice.
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Book chapters on the topic "Playing against nature"

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"When Nature Won." In Playing against Nature, 22–37. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118620786.ch2.

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"Nature Bats Last." In Playing against Nature, 38–56. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118620786.ch3.

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"Human Disasters." In Playing against Nature, 97–114. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118620786.ch6.

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"A Tricky, High-Stakes Game." In Playing against Nature, 1–21. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118620786.ch1.

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"Assessing Hazards." In Playing against Nature, 176–203. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118620786.ch10.

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"Mitigating Hazards." In Playing against Nature, 204–19. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118620786.ch11.

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"Choosing Mitigation Policies." In Playing against Nature, 220–40. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118620786.ch12.

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"Doing Better." In Playing against Nature, 241–49. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118620786.ch13.

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"Uncertainty and Probability." In Playing against Nature, 57–74. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118620786.ch4.

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"Communicating What We Know and What We Don't." In Playing against Nature, 75–96. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118620786.ch5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Playing against nature"

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Kaprielian, Gabriel. "Design as Play: Sea-Level Rise Planning Board Game." In 2018 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2018.39.

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The waterfront along the San Francisco Bay is facing a growing threat from sea-level rise. Over the years, the Bay Area has seen a large portion of the historic wetlands filled or leveled off for residential, commercial, and industrial land uses. According to current sea level rise projections, water will once again reclaim the bay lands that have been filled. The issues presented by sea level rise along the urban edge of the San Francisco Bay involve a complex series of challenges including: regional versus local governance, built versus natural environment, vulnerable local and regional infrastructure, diverging interests with diverse stakeholders, and population growth. With each possible future scenario come multiple outcomes with winners and losers. How can the best policy and design be selected and tested? How will distinct communities learn about different options and strategies for adaptation and be empowered to act? By creating and playing a sea level rise adaptation “game,” student were able to explore these different scenarios and inform future urban planning and design decisions.
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Saha, Sankhajit, Prajit Chakrabarti, Johannes Vossen, Sourav Mitra, and Tuhin Podder. "Proactive Decision-Making Through Real-Time Geomechanical Support Leveraging Drilling a Long Horizontal Section Through a Tight Unconventional Reservoir of an Oil and Gas Field: Middle East." In SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204776-ms.

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Abstract This paper discusses the Integrated Role of Geomechanics and Drilling Fluids Design for drilling a well oriented towards the minimum horizontal stress direction in a depleted, yet highly stressed and complex clastic reservoir. There are multiple challenges related to such a well that need to be addressed during the planning phase. In this case, the well needs to be drilled towards the minimum horizontal stress direction (Shmin) to benefit multi-stage hydraulic fracturing. At the same time, the most prominent challenge is that this well orientation is more prone to wellbore failure and requires a maximum mud weight, due to the present strike slip stress environment. Well planning challenges in such an environment include (a) the determination of formation characteristics and rock properties, (b) the anticipation of higher formation collapse pressure during the course of drilling the lateral section within the reservoir, (c) the determination of the upper bound mud weight to prevent lost circulation due to a low fracture gradient against depleted sections, or due to the presence of pre-existing natural fractures, d) mitigating the higher risk of differential sticking against depleted porous layers, and determining appropriate bridging in the drilling fluids, (e) recognizing the prolonged exposure time of the formation due to the length of the lateral and the lower rate of penetration against the tight highly dense formations. For successful drilling, and to mitigate the above risks, the first step is to prepare a predrill GeoMechanical model along with adequate fluid design and drillers action plans to be considered during drilling. Offset well petrophysical logs and core data are considered for the preparation of the predrill GeoMechanical model, along with the drilling experiences in the offset locations. Based on the above, a predrill GeoMechanical model is prepared, a risk matrix is being established, and a representative mud weight window is recommended (Wellbore Stability Analysis). In most cases, the offset well locations considered are vertical- or inclined-, or lateral wells of different trajectory azimuth than the target well location and the predrill GeoMechanical model can incorporate such variations easily; however, any Geology uncertainty, leading to a different rock property- and stress set-up (or even different pore pressure than expected), at the actual well location will be part of the uncertainty of the predrill GeoMechanical model and Wellbore Stability Analysis. This is where the real time monitoring is playing out its full potential: giving an updated model and wellbore stability analysis during drilling. While drilling the lateral section, the wellbore condition is being monitored using LWD (logging while drilling) tools, e.g. Gamma Ray, Density, Neutron, Acoustic Caliper, Azimuthal density image and ECD (equivalent circulating density). While gamma ray helps in determining the lithology, density logs help to understand the formation hardness, and they can be used to generate a calibrated pseudo acoustic log. Based on this pseudo acoustic log, the rock strength and other rock mechanical properties of the pre- GeoMechanical model can be updated as soon as they become available. This gives insight into the model differences and helps to understand model variations and adjust Wellbore Stability recommendations accordingly. While the neutron log helps to determine the zones of high porosity, and thus potential risk zones for differential sticking, the azimuthal density image clearly indicates the breakout zones caused by the shear failure of the wellbore. The presence of wellbore failure (breakout) is further confirmed by acoustic caliper data, and accordingly wellbore stability related recommendations are communicated to the operator, for an increase in the specific gravity of the mud, and thus, to balance the wellbore. From a mud rheology perspective, high performance OBM (oil-based mud) parameters are maintained consistent with the formation properties, to minimize fluid loss, optimize wellbore strengthening characteristics and minimize at the same time solids concentrations in order to avoid excessive ECD (equivalent circulating density) which may open pre-existing natural fractures resulting in downhole losses and in consequence might lead to differential sticking. In the case study presented herein, the proactive implementation of GeoMechanics and its Wellbore Stability application as well as the integration of drilling fluids services, resulted in the smooth and successful drilling of the lateral section, and also in the delivery of an in gauge hole necessary for multi-stage fracturing (MSF) completion optimization.
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Reports on the topic "Playing against nature"

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Banai, Menachem, and Gary Splitter. Molecular Characterization and Function of Brucella Immunodominant Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568100.bard.

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The BARD project was a continuation of a previous BARD funded research project. It was aimed at characterization of the 12kDa immunodominant protein and subsequently the cloning and expression of the gene in E. coli. Additional immunodominant proteins were sought among genomic B. abortus expression library clones using T-lymphocyte proliferation assay as a screening method. The 12kDa protein was identified as the L7/L12 ribosomal protein demonstrating in the first time the role a structural protein may play in the development of the host's immunity against the organism. The gene was cloned from B. abortus (USA) and B. melitensis (Israel) showing identity of the oligonucleotide sequence between the two species. Further subcloning allowed expression of the protein in E. coli. While the native protein was shown to have DTH antigenicity its recombinant analog lacked this activity. In contrast the two proteins elicited lymphocyte proliferation in experimental murine brucellosis. CD4+ cells of the Th1 subset predominantly responded to this protein demonstrating the development of protective immunity (g-IFN, and IL-2) in the host. Similar results were obtained with bovine Brucella primed lymphocytes. UvrA, GroE1 and GroEs were additional Brucella immunodominant proteins that demonstrated MHC class II antigenicity. The role cytotoxic cells are playing in the clearance of brucella cells was shown using knock out mice defective either in their CD4+ or CD8+ cells. CD4+ defective mice were able to clear brucella as fast as did normal mice. In contrast mice which were defective in their CD8+ cells could not clear the organisms effectively proving the importance of this subtype cell line in development of protective immunity. The understanding of the host's immune response and the expansion of the panel of Brucella immunodominant proteins opened new avenues in vaccine design. It is now feasible to selectively use immunodominant proteins either as subunit vaccine to fortify immunity of older animals or as diagnostic reagents for the serological survaillance.
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