Academic literature on the topic 'Play behavior patterns'
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Journal articles on the topic "Play behavior patterns"
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Muchtar, Hendi Suhendraya, and Alifah Indalika Mulyadi Razak. "BERMAIN SEBAGAI INTERVENSI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI SOSIAL ANAK." JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 12, no. 2 (November 27, 2018): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.122.05.
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This study aims to examine the play stimulation model to improve children's social competence. The study involved 100 children in the kindergarten age group. The types of play in this study are divided into four games patterns, namely the solitary independent play, parallel play, associative play, and cooperative play. Each play pattern is tested with four dimensions of social competence, which consist of self-concept, ability to manage emotions, prosocial and social-academic behavior. The results of this study indicate that more than 50% of the four dimensions of social competence are effectively stimulated through cooperative play patterns. Cooperative play patterns are effective for stimulating self-concept dimensions (10 of 15 behaviors), emotional management abilities (9 of 18 behaviors), social academics (7 of 15 behaviors), and prosocial behavior (17 of 23 behaviors). The pattern of associative play effectively stimulates the dimensions of self-concept (3 of 15 behaviors), emotional management skills (7 of 18 behaviors), prosocial behavior (4 of 23 behaviors), and social academics (3 of 15 behaviors). The effective parallel play and solitary independent play patterns of each play only stimulate 1 social competence behavior.
Keywords: cooperative play, associative play, parralel play, solitary independent play, social Competencies
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji model stimulasi permainan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi sosial anak. Penelitian ini melibatkan 100 anak pada kelompok usia taman kanak-kanak. Jenis permainan pada penelitian ini terbagi ke dalam empat pola permainan, yaitu solitary independent play, parralel play, associative play, dan cooperative play. Setiap pola permainan diujikan dengan empat dimensi kompetensi sosial, yang terdiri dari konsep diri, kemampuan mengelola emosi, perilaku prososial dan sosial-akademik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari 50% empat dimensi kompetensi sosial efektif distimulasi melalui pola permainan cooperative play. Pola permainan cooperative play efektif untuk menstimulasi dimensi konsep diri (10 dari 15 perilaku), kemampan mengelola emosi (9 dari 18 perilaku), sosial akademik (7 dari 15 perilaku), dan perilaku prososial (17 dari 23 perilaku). Pola permainan associative play efektif menstimulasi dimensi konsep diri (3 dari 15 perilaku), kemampuan mengelola emosi (7dari 18 perilaku), perilaku prososial (4 dari 23 perilaku), dan sosial akademik (3 dari 15 perilaku). Pola permainan parralel play dan solitary independent play masing-masing efektif hanya menstimulasi 1 perilaku kompetensi social.
Kata Kunci: Anak Usia Dini, Bermain Kooperatif, Bermain Asosiatif, Bermain paralel, Bermain soliter, Kompetensi sosial
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Parsons, Sandy. "Function of Play in Low Vision Children (Part 2): Emerging Patterns of Behavior." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 80, no. 6 (June 1986): 777–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x8608000601.
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Patterns of play behavior in young low vision children in a structured free-play situation with toys were analyzed. The study included 18 children with low vision (20/200-20/800) ranging in age from 20 months to 4 years 4 months. A group of normally sighted peers was also included in the study. The children were videotaped during a 15-minute free-play session. The play behaviors were coded into four categories of play: functional, stereotypical, relational, and undifferentiated. The presence of visual impairment was associated with significantly less functional and more stereotypical play behavior indicating quantitative and qualitative differences between groups. Developmental patterns across age levels in the incidence of functional, stereotypical, active play and the number of different appropriate uses of toys generated were also analyzed. Significant main effects of visual impairment and age on these patterns were identified. Results provided evidence that the patterns of play in young children with low vision differ significantly from those of their normally sighted peers.
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Hrabec, Ondřej. "Categorizing Play Styles in Competitive Gaming." International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations 9, no. 4 (October 2017): 62–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijgcms.2017100104.
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This article addresses the concept of play style, which has been insufficiently explored in research on video game players despite the diversity of empirically observable play styles in competitive gaming. The main proposition of this article is that play style is a pattern that predicts players' behavior, their perceptions and their interactions. A qualitative analysis was conducted to better understand the term “style” in gamer culture based on an extensive examination of players' texts and interviews with professional gamers and commentators. The results identify categories corresponding to seven general styles that relate to gamer terminology and play theory. The results also suggest a richness, dynamic interrelatedness and changeability of styles. Furthermore, there may be similarities among different play styles with regard to their activity components despite the different intentional patterns that direct players' behaviors.
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Bond, Alan, and Judy Diamond. "Social play in kaka (Nestor meridionalis) with comparisons to kea (Nestor notabilis)." Behaviour 141, no. 7 (2004): 777–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539042265680.
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AbstractSocial play in the kaka (Nestor meridionalis), a New Zealand parrot, is described and contrasted with that of its closest relative, the kea (Nestor notabilis), in one of the first comparative studies of social play in closely related birds. Most play action patterns were clearly homologous in these two species, though some contrasts in the form of specific play behaviors, such as kicking or biting, could be attributed to morphological differences. Social play in kakas is briefer, more predictable, and less sequentially diverse than that shown by keas. Kaka play also appears to be restricted to fledglings and juveniles, while the behavior is more broadly distributed among age groups in keas. Play initiation behaviors were relatively more frequent in kakas and more tightly intercorrelated in occurrence. A primary grouping of action patterns in kakas consisted of arboreal play, which was rare in keas. The most striking species difference was exhibited in social object play, which is pervasive among keas, but which was not observed in kakas. Although the two species are morphologically similar, they differ strikingly in several aspects of their ecology and social behavior, including the duration of the association between juveniles and adults, the degree of exploratory behavior, and the flexibility of their foraging strategies. The observed species differences in play behavior are discussed in relation to the contrasting life histories in the two species, suggesting that many features of social play may reflect evolutionary responses to particular ontogenetic and ecological constraints.
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Rahmadhani, Angga Putra Surya, Dorta Simamora, and Sukma Sahadewa. "Relationship between Knowledge and Attitude of Healthy Living with Healthy Behavior Patterns in Medical Students." Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran Wijaya Kusuma 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/jikw.v12i1.1955.
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Medical students play an important role in promoting health because they are prospective doctors. Medical students are considered students who have sufficient knowledge and skills about a healthy lifestyle and have a positive attitude towards health. In fact, there are still many medical students who have not implemented a healthy lifestyle. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and healthy living attitudes with healthy living behavior patterns in FK–UWKS students class 2018. The study used an observational quantitative approach with a cross-sectional study design with 150 respondents taken using the census method (total sampling). analysis technique using spearman rank test. The results showed that the level of knowledge of healthy living was quite high at 78.1% and positive attitudes about healthy living was 54.7%, while having unhealthy behavior patterns was 92.2%. The Spearman rank test showed that there was a relationship between knowledge of healthy living with healthy living behavior patterns p = 0.000 and a healthy lifestyle also had a relationship with healthy lifestyle behaviors p = 0.000. The conclusion of this study is that the pattern of healthy living behavior is not only influenced by knowledge but also by a healthy attitude.
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Kato-Lin, Yi-Chin, Uttara Bharath Kumar, Bhargav Sri Prakash, Bhairavi Prakash, Vasini Varadan, Sanjeeta Agnihotri, Nrutya Subramanyam, Pradeep Krishnatray, and Rema Padman. "Impact of Pediatric Mobile Game Play on Healthy Eating Behavior: Randomized Controlled Trial." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 11 (November 18, 2020): e15717. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15717.
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Background Video and mobile games have been shown to have a positive impact on behavior change in children. However, the potential impact of game play patterns on outcomes of interest are yet to be understood, especially for games with implicit learning components. Objective This study investigates the immediate impact of fooya!, a pediatric dietary mobile game with implicit learning components, on food choices. It also quantifies children’s heterogeneous game play patterns using game telemetry and determines the effects of these patterns on players’ food choices. Methods We analyzed data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving 104 children, aged 10 to 11 years, randomly assigned to the treatment group (played fooya!, a dietary mobile game developed by one of the authors) or the control group (played Uno, a board game without dietary education). Children played the game for 20 minutes each in two sessions. After playing the game in each session, the children were asked to choose 2 out of 6 food items (3 healthy and 3 unhealthy choices). The number of healthy choices in both sessions was used as the major outcome. We first compared the choice and identification of healthy foods between treatment and control groups using statistical tests. Next, using game telemetry, we determined the variability in game play patterns by quantifying game play measures and modeled the process of game playing at any level across all students as a Markov chain. Finally, correlation tests and regression models were used to establish the relationship between game play measures and actual food choices. Results We saw a significant main effect of the mobile game on number of healthy foods actually chosen (treatment 2.48, control 1.10; P<.001; Cohen d=1.25) and identified (treatment 7.3, control 6.94; P=.048; Cohen d=.25). A large variation was observed in children’s game play patterns. Children played an average of 15 game levels in 2 sessions, with a range of 2 to 23 levels. The greatest variation was noted in the proportion of scoring activities that were highly rewarded, with an average of 0.17, ranging from 0.003 to 0.98. Healthy food choice was negatively associated with the number of unhealthy food facts that children read in the game (Kendall τ=–.32, P=.04), even after controlling for baseline food preference. Conclusions A mobile video game embedded with implicit learning components showed a strong positive impact on children’s food choices immediately following the game. Game telemetry captured children’s different play patterns and was associated with behavioral outcomes. These results have implications for the design and use of mobile games as an intervention to improve health behaviors, such as the display of unhealthy food facts during game play. Longitudinal RCTs are needed to assess long-term impact. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04082195; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04082195, registered retrospectively.
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JABBOUR, Khayrazad Kari. "AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF THE CRITICAL NEED FOR SCHOOL HEALTH PROGRAMS IN LEBANON." Periódico Tchê Química 12, no. 24 (January 20, 2013): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v11.n20-21.2013.54_periodico20e21_pgs_54_64.pdf.
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Schools play a vital role in establishing healthy behavior patterns among young people which carry these patterns into adulthood. This article explores and collects information about school health programs and health practices in Lebanese schools. The investigation goal is to provide baseline information to school policy makers, administrators, and educators as they plan and implement coordinated school health policies and educational programs that can promote healthy behaviors among the Lebanese youth. Data for the study was obtained from extensive literature reviews and questionnaire surveys of school principles; in addition, interviews were added to the data results. The survey was conducted in the spring of year 2013.
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Gleason, John J. "Meaning of Play: Interpreting Patterns in Behavior of Persons with Severe Developmental Disabilities." Anthropology & Education Quarterly 21, no. 1 (March 1990): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aeq.1990.21.1.05x1163s.
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Chai, Li Kheng, Kelly Rice-McNeil, and Stewart G. Trost. "Patterns and Correlates of Sedentary Behavior in Children Attending Family Child Care." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2 (January 15, 2020): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020549.
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Public health authorities recommend young children should not be sedentary for more than one hour at a time. This study assessed the frequency and duration of sedentary bouts in children attending family child care homes (FCCHs); and examined associations with FCCH provider practices related to sedentary behaviors. Overall, 127 children (aged 3.5 ± 1.1 years) from 41 FCCHs participated in the study. Sedentary bouts were measured using an accelerometer worn for the duration of FCCHs attendance over a randomly selected week. Provider practices were assessed using the Nutrition and Physical Activity Self-Assessment for Child Care self-assessment instrument. Children attending FCCHs mostly accumulated short sedentary bouts (<5 min) with very few lasting more than 10 min. Boys exhibited significantly fewer sedentary bouts, and significantly less sedentary time in bouts than girls. Children attending FCCHs that met or exceeded childcare standards for outdoor active play, had portable play equipment, offered a variety of fixed play equipment, and/or adequate indoor play space exhibited significantly fewer sedentary bouts and significantly less sedentary time accumulated in short and medium length bouts. Programs encouraging FCCHs to adopt physical activity promoting practices could potentially reduce child sedentary time while in care.
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Cardiah, Tita, Irwan Sudarisman, Egha Fauzia Natasya, Amelya Rahmadani Putri, Alif Nurrahiim Senawianto, and Andiyan Andiyan. "PATTERN OF SPACE DAN PERILAKU BERMAIN ANAK SEKOLAH SELAMA PENDIDIKAN JARAK JAUH (PJJ)." Jurnal Arsitektur ARCADE 5, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.31848/arcade.v5i3.799.
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Abstract: Learning activities for school children during the Covid-19 pandemic were carried out using the Distance Learning method. Distance learning indirectly changes children's behavior both while studying and playing. The restriction of activities and play space for school children during Distance Learning method is a change that all children must face, including children living in housing. Pattern of Space and environmental settings, especially the residential environment, have a major influence on children's playing behavior. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method, which is to analyze through comparison of survey data and direct observation from two different residential environment settings. The result of the research is that different spatial patterns will affect children's play behavior patterns during distance learning, children's responses to spatial patterns, structure and character of environmental settings in play activities. The behavior and responses of different children become the design reference and produce basic data about the effect of pattern of greeting on children's playing behavior. Subsequent research on elements of the playroom in the New Normal.Abstrak: Kegiatan pembelajaran anak-anak sekolah pada masa pandemik Covid 19 ini dilaksanakan dengan metode Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (PJJ). Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh secara tidak langsung merubah perilaku anak baik saat belajar maupun saat bermain. Pembatasan kegiatan dan ruang bermain anak-anak sekolah selama Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh merupakan suatu perubahan yang harus dihadapi semua anak-anak termasuk anak-anak yang tinggal di Perumahan. Pattern of Space dan setting lingkungan khususnya lingkungan perumahan berpengaruh besar terhadap perilaku bermain anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif yaitu menganalisis melalui komparasi data hasil survey dan observasi langsung dari dua setting lingkungan perumahan yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian adalah pola ruang yang berbeda akan mempengaruhi pola perilaku bermain anak-anak selama pembelajaran jarak jauh, respon anak-anak terhadap pola ruang, struktur dan karakter setting lingkungan dalam kegiatan bermain. Perilaku dan respon anak-anak yang berbeda menjadi acuan desain dan menghasilkan dasar data tentang pengaruh pattern of sapace terhadap perilaku bermain anak. Penelitian selanjutnya mengenai elemen ruang bermain dimasa New Normal.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Play behavior patterns"
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Gupta, Amita Sen. "The structure and development of play in ferrets and dogs." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243870.
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This thesis development of empirical. ABSTRACT , investigated play in two the ways: structure theoretical and and The theoretical section covers three areas. First, existing literature on animal play was reviewed to identify the basis for confusion in theories of animal play. Second, a discussion of the acquisition of the concept 'play' in humans, and its effect on our understanding of animal play revealed the appropriateness of the correct use of models and analogies in the study of play. Finally, the utility of Markov Chains, Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and the Grammatical Model in studying play, were assessed. In Chapter Six an investigation of "thB . nevelopment \.1\3: "'e.~ of social play and object 'predation'~ s owed no major ontogenetic differences. In both cases, a) there was some evidence for age changes in the composition of play/'predation': b) the majority of observations could be accounted for by a group of five 'dominant' behaviour patterns. Chapter Seven examined the function o~ 1'r~EM~p."en Mouth Play Face (OMPF) as a. play signal. Resurts indicated that the OMPF did not function speci~iCallY as a play signal in young ferrets and puppies. However, the situation was reversed for adult ferrets. There was also evidence that the OMPF was related to arousal in a way not exhibited by other play behaviour patterns. Chap~i~ml~!Sht investiga~~~bf~~ential S~~~hture in social ptay~ OBject 'predation~ an~ aggressi8~.~~esults showed great variability in tne sequences of 'oehaviour in all three contexts. All three behavioural contexts showed little variability in the identity of bout initiators and terminators. The 'grammar' constructed failed to provide a formal description of social play, aggression or object 'predation':' These results suggest that many assumptions made about the structure of play, especially with regard to other behaviours, are invalid. The study of play should proceed in terms of identifying the structural configuration of sequences of social play.
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Elnesr, Maya. "La conception des espaces urbains résidentiels et récréatifs à travers le jeu des enfants." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALH001.
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Cette thèse déploie son analyse à partir de la présence de l’enfant dans les configurations variées de l’espace public urbain. Elle privilégie une lecture des ambiances pour appréhender la manière dont le corps des enfants est mobilisé par son environnement. L’étude s’attache ainsi à adopter une analyse dynamique de la façon dont l'enfant s'insère, s'émeut et s'adapte au sein de l’espace public. Le concept d’affordance établi par le psychologue James J. Gibson occupe une place centrale dans cette étude (Gibson, 1979). Il permet de déployer une lecture des propriétés du bâti en ce qu’elles stimulent, offrent ou « appellent » certaines activités. Parmi celles-ci, le jeu, librement choisi, contribue au développement global de l’enfant.Notre approche se confronte à une littérature scientifique dense et variée qui a examiné l’impact du jeu en extérieur sur le comportement et le développement de l’enfant. Au tournant des années 1970, il semble que la libre présence des enfants dans l’espace public urbain tende à se restreindre et à poser la question de l’émergence de systèmes de surveillance corrélée à l’idée d’une vulnérabilité de l’enfant dans la ville. Non sans liens, les infrastructures et environnements de jeu, qui apparaissent d’abords insuffisants, se développent pour configurer dans l’espace urbain des îlots séparés formant des aires de jeu créées par les adultes. Cette thèse envisage de repartir du corps en mouvement de l’enfant pour envisager son champ de perception et, plus loin, son rapport à la ville (Breviglieri, 2014). L’approche écologique et sensible aux ambiances permettra de poser un regard expérimental et évaluatif sur les espaces urbains présents dans le quotidien des enfants.La thèse interroge une variété de designs d’espaces (résidentiels ou proprement ludiques) de la ville dans son lien aux comportements de jeu des enfants. Pour cela, elle propose d’investiguer quatre environnements urbains hétérogènes en Égypte et en France. L’étude des dimensions récréatives et résidentielles prend alors appui sur une « approche de recherche par enquête comparative causale » et des « études de cas intrinsèque » (Groat & Wang, 2013).Cette enquête de terrain est menée en trois phases, avec des enfants « d’âge moyen» choisis au hasard, entre cinq et douze ans. Elle comprend des observations comportementales structurées centrées sur le comportement de l’enfant. Ces observationssont complétées par une étude des activités cognitives perceptuelles engagée dans l’effectuation de dessins et de photographies, et par la réalisation d’entretiens informels associés occasionnellement à des parcours commentés. Les données recueillies ont été analysées dans le cadre de la « théorie du triptyque de l'espace » et de la « théorie des affordances ». Ce cadre a pour objet de clarifier les écarts de perception et de représentation entre celles qui appartiennent au concepteur de l’environnement urbain et celles qui appartiennent à l’enfant dans son expérience physique et culturelle de l’espace. Il est possible d’extraire de cette étude des thèmes capables de renouveler certaines orientations de la fabrique de la ville. Ces thèmes convergent pour repenser à la fois la place de l’enfant dans la ville, et la manière dont celle-ci peut générer des environnements intergénérationnels favorisant le bien-être des citadins.« Une ville où l’enfant serait le prince et le père de l’homme » (Aillaud, 1972)Play is a freely chosen process that is important for the overall children development. A relatively large amount of research efforts have investigated the impact of play, particularly outdoor play in natural environments, on children's play behavior and the consequent impact on their development. However, in the recent decades, modern societies have noticed an intense declination of play opportunities in outdoor spaces especially in the local everyday community urban spaces, as living streets, neighborhoods, and recreational public spaces, due to the imposed structured activities, adult supervision, and poor playing environments such as enclosed playgrounds.To date, relatively few studies have investigated children's lived experiences in their daily urban spaces, where they can play freely. Although they have their own way of perceiving, experiencing, and living the daily urban spaces, different from adults that results in creating a gap. Thus, in order to fill in the resulted gap, this study aims to investigate the potential impact of the urban transformation of daily urban spaces on children presence and their play behavioral patterns. The second objective is to explore the associations between specific spatial physical characteristics as well as functional qualities, or “spatial potentialities” that form different configurations, and children play opportunities (Breviglieri, 2014(.The study relies on a “causal comparative survey research approach” and an “intrinsic case study” (Groat & Wang, 2013). It involves the investigation of four selected urban spaces, with different spatial configuration, (recreational and residential urban functional categories), in Paris, France and Cairo, Egypt. Fieldwork is conducted through three phases, with randomly selected “middle-aged” children, between 5 to 12 years. It included structured child-centered behavioral observations complemented with behavioral qualitative observations, perceptual cognitive skill activities as drawings as well as photography, and informal interviews associated occasionally with child- led walks.Collected data is analyzed within the shadow of both “Trialectic of Space Theory” (Lefebvre, 1992) and “Affordances theories”, (Gibson, 1979, Norman 1988, Bohme, 2017), to fill in the problematic gap. This created gap is situated between the designed spaces by adult so as designers, children perceptions depending on their capabilities, cultural, social background, as well as their previous experience, and the resulted lived space with its specific ambiance adopting children’s needs and behaviors.The study strongly suggests that spatial porosity of daily urban spaces, influence children's presence and the occurrence of different play behavior types. In addition, different spatial typologies seemed to promote different play patterns that may enhance different children’s spatial perceptions and preferences. Moreover, the study identified and outlined a set of specific spatial potentialities aspects, forming different spatial configurations, which appeared to be associated to children's sensory experiences, play opportunities, and the resulted lived ambient envelop.This study tended to enable urban planners and landscape architects to extract the essential characteristics that help creating child-friendly spaces. In order to encompass children with diversity of cultures and origins from all over the world. Hereafter, it will open a new perspective in the design, by proposing a design approach and guidelines to articulate children's spaces in the city; it is not a question of thinking of these spaces, as closed islands, but rather as child-friendly environments within intergenerational cities.“A city where the child would be the prince and the father of Man” (Aillaud, 1972)
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O'Dwyer, Mareesa Vincentia. "Active play and sedentary behaviour in preschool children : from patterns to intervention." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2012. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6118/.
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Physical activity (PA) and reducing the time spent sedentary can favourably impact the health and wellbeing of preschool aged children. Despite the importance of regular P A, objective monitoring studies suggest that young children do not accumulate enough P A to benefit their health. Furthermore, relatively few interventions to promote PA in children under 5 have been rigorously evaluated and intervention studies to date have generated mixed results. The aims of this thesis were to a) assess within-day variability of objectively measured moderate-to- vigorous physical activity (MVP A) during weekdays and weekend days among preschool children; b) investigate the effect of a curricular Active Play intervention on children's sedentary and P A behaviours; and, c) investigate the effect of a family focused Active Play intervention on children's weekday and weekend day sedentary time and total P A. Study 1 Background: Identifying periods of the day which are susceptible to varying levels of P A may help identify key times to intervene and potentially change preschool children's PA behaviours. This study assessed variability of objectively measured MVP A during weekdays and weekend days among preschool children. Method: One hundred and eighty-eight children (aged 3-5 years; 53.2% boys) from a northwest English city wore uni-axial accelerometers for 7 consecutive days. Results: Higher levels of MVP A were recorded in boys, particularly those who attended preschool for a half day. Children who attended preschool for a full day engaged in 11.1 minutes less MVPA than children who attended for a half day. After-school hours were characterised by a decrease in activity for all groups. Patterns of activity during the weekend were smoother with less variability. Conclusion: This study identified discrete segments of the week, specifically afterschool and during the weekend, when preschoolers engage in low levels of PA. Higher levels of MVPA among children who attended preschool for less time each day suggests that the structured preschool environment is related to decreased activity. Consequently, there is a need for interventions in young children to focus on school and home environments. - Study 2 Background: Early childhood is a critical time for the promotion of healthy lifestyle behaviours such as physical activity. Cross-sectional studies suggest that preschool children are not sufficiently active to benefit their health. Few studies have investigated the effect of interventions on physical activity levels and time spent being sedentary in this population. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a school-based active play intervention on preschool children's physical activity and sedentary time. Method: Two hundred and forty children were recruited from 12 randomly selected preschools in the North West of England. Six schools were randomly assigned to either an intervention (n=6) or a current practice comparison group (n=6). One teacher in each intervention school received training in the delivery of a 6-week active play programme including active play resources. The training programme was delivered by experienced active play professionals. Comparison schools received the active play resources (but not the training) and were asked to deliver their usual active play provision. Children wore a uni-axial accelerometer for 7 days at baseline, post-test and at 6 months follow up. Whole week sedentary time and physical activity adjusted for pupil- and school- level covariates were analysed using multilevel analyses. Results: No significant intervention effects were observed for sedentary time or physical activity. Sex and hours spent at school were significant predictors of physical activity in this age group, with boys engaging in less sedentary time and more light intensity activity than girls. Children who spent fewer hours at school were significantly more active than those who spent more time at school. BMI, maternal education, child's ethnicity and accelerometer wear time were not associated with activity levels. Conclusion: Physical activity during intervention classes was high. However the six teacher training intervention sessions did not increase physical activity or decrease sedentary time over a week. Specific covariates were identified as having a significant effect on the outcome measures. Moreover, children who spend more time at pre-school were less active suggesting that this setting was not as conducive to physical activity engagement as other environments. Study 3 Background: Early childhood provides a window of opportunity for the promotion of physical activity. Given the limited effectiveness of interventions to date, new approaches are needed. Socio-ecological models suggest that involving parents as intervention targets may be effective in fostering healthier lifestyles in children. This study describes the effectiveness of a family-focused' Active Play' intervention in decreasing sedentary time and increasing total physical activity in preschool children. Method: Seventy-seven families were recruited from 8 randomly selected SureStart children's centres in the North West of England. Centres were randomly assigned to either an intervention (n=4) or a comparison group (n=4). Parents and children in the - intervention group received a IOeweek active play programme delivered by trained active play professionals; this included an activity and educational component. Families in the comparison group were asked to maintain their usual routine. Each participating parent and child wore a uni-axial accelerometer for 7 days at baseline and post-test. Week and weekend day sedentary time and total physical activity adjusted for child- and home- level covariates were analysed using multilevel analyses. Results: Significant intervention effects were observed for sedentary time and physical activity for both week and weekend days. Children in the intervention group engaged in 1.5% and 4.3% less sedentary time during week and weekend days, respectively and 4.5% and 13.1 % more physical activity during week and weekend days, respectively than children in the comparison group. Parent's participation in sport and their physical activity levels, child's sex, availability of media in the home and attendance at organised activities were significant predictors of sedentary time and physical activity in this age group. Conclusion: A 10-week family focused active play intervention produced positive changes in sedentary time and total physical activity levels in preschool children. Specific covariates were identified as having a significant effect on the outcome measures. Moreover, children whose parents were active engaged in less sedentary time and more physical activity suggesting that parent's activity habits are mediators of physical activity engagement in this age group.
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Raffan, Ryan Phillip. "Gaze behaviour patterns of under 19 level Rugby union players during one-on-one defensive play." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8372.
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The aim of this study was to describe and compare the gaze behaviour patterns of expert and near expert under 19 level rugby union players during one-on-one defensive play. Gaze characteristics such as the areas of interest visited, the number of fixations, the duration of each fixation, the starting and last fixations; and the order of fixations adopted were used to achieve the aim of the study. In addition, biographical data, including sporting and vision history, were collected. Data of the two groups were described and compared with statistically and practically significant differences been highlighted. Inferential statistics were used and the following significant levels set: p<.05 for t-tests and Chi-sq'ared - tests while Cohen's d (absolute value) ≥0.20 and Cramér‟s V ≥0.10 were used to determine the practical significance for statistically significant results, respectively. An exploratory and quasi-experimental design was used, in which 81 participants (16 – 19 years of age) were sampled for differences between experts' and near experts' visual-search strategies and gaze behaviour patterns when anticipating the direction of deceptive running skills in rugby union, however, only 68 participants had eye tracker data analyzed due to the strict calibration criteria. The expert players correctly anticipated significantly (t-stat = -3.16, p = .002, d = 0.71) more than the near expert players on average (75.76% compared to 66.46%), and therefore, were less susceptible to deceptive running skills. The near expert players were, however, more aware of their fixation location than expert players. Both expert and near expert players fixated considerably more on the knees and hips than any other area of interest, however expert players had fewer, but longer fixations than near expert players per run with 4.29 ± 1.89 fixations (χ2 = 3.90, p = .048, V = 0.24) of 0.420 ± 0.140 seconds (χ2 = 3.97, p = .046, V = 0.24) compared to 5.34 ± 2.39 fixations of 0.350 ± 0.150 seconds. Both the expert and near expert groups fixated more on the lower body than the upper body on average, however, the near expert players fixated significantly more off the body for all correct runs than the expert players (t-stat = 2.17, p = .034, d = 0.53). The expert players start fixating more on the knees at the start of each trial, whereas the near expert players start fixating more on the knees and hips, and considerably off-target. The expert players fixate significantly more on the knees (t-stat = -2.56, p = .013, d = 0.63) at the end of each trial than the near expert players on average, whereas the near expert players fixate more on the hips. The orders of fixation did not yield any discernable patterns between expert and near expert players for correctly anticipated runs. Experts exhibit superior visual-search strategies and gaze behaviour control, presumably using the top-down approach, to successfully anticipate an opponent's intended direction. This information could help coaches teach perceptual tackling skills to enhance motor learning and performance.
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Rojas, Castro Dalia Marcela. "The RHIZOME architecture : a hybrid neurobehavioral control architecture for autonomous vision-based indoor robot navigation." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROS001/document.
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Les travaux décrits dans cette thèse apportent une contribution au problème de la navigation autonome de robots mobiles dans un contexte de vision indoor. Il s’agit de chercher à concilier les avantages des différents paradigmes d’architecture de contrôle et des stratégies de navigation. Ainsi, nous proposons l’architecture RHIZOME (Robotic Hybrid Indoor-Zone Operational ModulE) : une architecture unique de contrôle robotique mettant en synergie ces différentes approches en s’appuyant sur un système neuronal. Les interactions du robot avec son environnement ainsi que les multiples connexions neuronales permettent à l’ensemble du système de s’adapter aux conditions de navigation. L’architecture RHIZOME proposée combine les avantages des approches comportementales (e.g. rapidité de réaction face à des problèmes imprévus dans un contexte d’environnement dynamique), et ceux des approches délibératives qui tirent profit d’une connaissance a priori de l’environnement. Cependant, cette connaissance est uniquement exploitée pour corroborer les informations perçues visuellement avec celles embarquées. Elle est représentée par une séquence de symboles artificiels de navigation guidant le robot vers sa destination finale. Cette séquence est présentée au robot soit sous la forme d’une liste de paramètres, soit sous la forme d’un plan. Dans ce dernier cas, le robot doit extraire lui-même la séquence de symboles à suivre grâce à une chaine de traitements d’images. Ainsi, afin de prendre la bonne décision lors de sa navigation, le robot traite l’ensemble de l’information perçue, la compare en temps réel avec l’information a priori apportée ou extraite, et réagit en conséquence. Lorsque certains symboles de navigation ne sont plus présents dans l’environnement de navigation, l’architecture RHIZOME construit de nouveaux lieux de référence à partir des panoramas extraits de ces lieux. Ainsi, le robot, lors de phases exploratoires, peut s’appuyer sur ces nouvelles informations pour atteindre sa destination finale, et surmonter des situations imprévues. Nous avons mis en place notre architecture sur le robot humanoïde NAO. Les résultats expérimentaux obtenus lors d’une navigation indoor, dans des scenarios à la fois déterministes et stochastiques, montrent la faisabilité et la robustesse de cette approche unifiéeThe work described in this dissertation is a contribution to the problem of autonomous indoor vision-based mobile robot navigation, which is still a vast ongoing research topic. It addresses it by trying to conciliate all differences found among the state-of-the-art control architecture paradigms and navigation strategies. Hence, the author proposes the RHIZOME architecture (Robotic Hybrid Indoor-Zone Operational ModulE) : a unique robotic control architecture capable of creating a synergy of different approaches by merging them into a neural system. The interactions of the robot with its environment and the multiple neural connections allow the whole system to adapt to navigation conditions. The RHIZOME architecture preserves all the advantages of behavior-based architectures such as rapid responses to unforeseen problems in dynamic environments while combining it with the a priori knowledge of the world used indeliberative architectures. However, this knowledge is used to only corroborate the dynamic visual perception information and embedded knowledge, instead of directly controlling the actions of the robot as most hybrid architectures do. The information is represented by a sequence of artificial navigation signs leading to the final destination that are expected to be found in the navigation path. Such sequence is provided to the robot either by means of a program command or by enabling it to extract itself the sequence from a floor plan. This latter implies the execution of a floor plan analysis process. Consequently, in order to take the right decision during navigation, the robot processes both set of information, compares them in real time and reacts accordingly. When navigation signs are not present in the navigation environment as expected, the RHIZOME architecture builds new reference places from landmark constellations, which are extracted from these places and learns them. Thus, during navigation, the robot can use this new information to achieve its final destination by overcoming unforeseen situations.The overall architecture has been implemented on the NAO humanoid robot. Real-time experimental results during indoor navigation under both, deterministic and stochastic scenarios show the feasibility and robustness of the proposed unified approach
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Su, Yi-Chieh, and 蘇湙絜. "The interactive behavior and patterns in the child-centered group play therapy with young elementary school children with interpersonal difficulties." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90132507908526511740.
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碩士中國文化大學
心理輔導學系
101
The purpose of the study was to explore the interactive behavior and patterns in the child-centered group play therapy with young elementary school children with interpersonal difficulties and to compare the similarities and differences of their interactive behavior and patterns. The participants were referred by their teachers because of interpersonal difficulties. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups, and each group received child-centered play therapy once a week for 13 weeks. Study adopted consensual qualitative research method to understand children’s interactive behavior. The results showed that younger children have demonstrated thirty interactive behavior which can be assorted to six classification: need for expression, assistace, cooperation, fostering, resistace, obstruction. The three main types are assistance, obstruction, and need for expression.Tow groups both have eight behavior patterns: inviting-receiving, stating a need-receiving, seeking help-assisting, asking-answering, suggesting-receiving, inviting-refusing, inviting- disregarding, disturbing-rejecting. The main interactive pattern seems to reflect that the psychological need of these children is related to control and power. Based on the results of this study, suggestions were provided for school counselors as well as future research. Key words: children with interpersonal difficulties, child-centered group play therapy, interactive behavior, consensual qualitative research
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Yen, Chih-Yun, and 顏芝芸. "The Interactive Play and Sharing of Creative Behaviours among Children in the Kaohsiung Children’s Museum of Art:A Case Study of the “ Pattern, Really Wonderful !” Exhibition." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5f3m82.
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碩士國立臺北藝術大學
博物館研究所碩士班
101
The children''s art museum as a cultural and educational institution provides a learning choice different from other venues. Through the display design and educational activities, the museum promotes children''s appreciation of artworks and creates diverse interactions and learning experiences. What are the influences of the exhibition design to children’s play and appreciation of artwork behaviours? How do the family members interact in the museum? Furthermore, how do children of different ages interact with artworks? These are the research questions that this thesis is going to explore. The “Pattern, Really Wonderful!” exhibition is applied as case study in the Kaohsiung Children''s Museum of Art. By observation and video recording, the researcher recorded the interaction among children and their family members at four artworks. Analysis shows that different designs of artworks and the exhibition design influenced the interactive play and sharing of creation among children. For example, corner space and overall display environmental influenced the space of play and interaction experience. The dynamic projection on the floor promotes bodily play and teaching aids which can be touched and played benefits children’s role play. The area set for children to display their own works facilitates sharing and discussion. The location and height of setting the artists’ works influences children’s imitation and discussion. Besides, interactive teaching aids can facilitate family members’ interaction, and children also invited adults to join their play. In addition to cooperative play, sometimes adult’s guidance might interfere children’s play. Children of different ages interact with artworks differently. Infants use their body to touch and play most, preschoolers are more devoted themselves into the role play, and school-age children will develop rules of game with their peers. In addition, there are occasional conflicts between children, especially when the resources are unevenly distributed or their own works were destroyed by other children. The children’s art museum can enrich children’s museum experiences and family’s interaction, if the museum staff and artists can make good use of the nature of children''s fond of playing, designing artworks and interactive display that the family loves, and creating an interactive environment suitable for children of different ages, in addition to games and activities to enhance the reading rate of exhibition edition text, and the exhibition requires attention needed to increasing the closed, and considering the height suitable for children to appreciate the artworks as well as providing adequate resources and teaching aids.
Books on the topic "Play behavior patterns"
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Muhaev, Rashid, Andrey Medushevskiy, Elena Shomina, and Alla Chernyh. Political theory. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1870568.
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If you want to know what role politics plays in society and how it affects you, read this textbook. In it you will find answers to questions that concern everyone. What is politics: science, art or technology of domination in the hands of the elect? Are there laws in politics, is it possible to know them and use them in the interests of society, and not just the ruling class? Why has power always been a bone of contention, what is its attractive power? Does the theory of politics have the right to claim the status of a science about the laws of the functioning of power, if all knowledge about politics is situational, relative and changeable? Why are the conclusions and recommendations of political science relevant to society often ignored by the elite? These and many other questions are answered based on the analysis of the political practices of foreign countries and Russia.
The author interprets politics as a mechanism of volitional distribution of public goods, revealing its laws, exposing the hidden logic of the struggle for power, However, politics is presented not only as a mechanism for coordinating heterogeneous interests, but also as a set of beliefs, ideas, meanings that determine technologies and structures of symbolic domination and behavior patterns in the information society.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students of philosophical, political science, law faculties and faculties of world politics and public and municipal administration, as well as for anyone interested in theoretical and applied problems of politics.
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Henricks, Thomas S. Play Compared to Other Behaviors. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039072.003.0003.
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This chapter compares play with other behaviors in order to develop a general understanding of play. Before proceeding with the discussion of play v. other behaviors, it considers the six perspectives about play: play as action, play as interaction, play as activity, play as disposition, play as experience, and play as context. It then examines play's defining qualities by contrasting it to three similar but rival patterns of willfully directed behavior: work, ritual, and the form of bonding and immersion called communitas. These behaviors together with play are said to be distinctive “pathways of experience” featuring different acts of meaning-construction and self-expression. Each pathway is presented as an ideal type—first play, and then the other forms in comparison to play. Differences between the four forms are summarized and displayed in a chart. The chapter concludes by explaining how real-life events usually feature combinations of these four forms, as well as alternations in which one pattern leads to another.
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Henricks, Thomas S. Play as Sense-Making. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039072.003.0004.
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This chapter describes play as a special pattern of meaning-construction, one way in which people make sense of their qualities and character as they interact with particular elements of situations. In particular, it examines the extent to which behavior and experience are contextualized by environmental, bodily, psychological, social, and cultural patterns. Ultimately, it provides a general theory of play which centers on that behavior as a distinctive strategy of self-realization. The discussion on sense-making and play begins with an overview of a model of the contexts of play as action and play as experience, with particular emphasis on five different kinds of occurrences or patterns, or “fields of relationships,” that are critical contexts for thought, feeling, and action. The chapter also analyzes framing behavior, play as a distinctive way of constructing reality, the functionalism of play, play as self-realization, the concept of situated selves, self concept, and playfulness.
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Turner, Jonathan H. Discovering Human Nature Through Cross-Species Analysis. Edited by Rosemary L. Hopcroft. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190299323.013.7.
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Cladistic analysis is employed on behavioral and organizational patterns among present-day great apes that, because of their genetic closeness to humans, can be used as a surrogate for making inferences about the behavior and organizational propensities of the last common ancestor to great apes, hominins, and humans. A series of preadaptations among great apes for language, emotionality, mother–infant bonding, life history characteristics, propensities for play, and nonharem/promiscuous mating represents one source of information on the nature of the last common ancestor. Moreover, a set of behavioral propensities among all great apes adds to the body of information that can be used to make inferences about the nature of the last common ancestors, hominins, and humans. Thus, it is now possible to make inferences about the biological nature of human behavior and organizational tendencies that are less speculative than earlier analyses of human nature.
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Burton, Derek, and Margaret Burton. Fish behaviour. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785552.003.0014.
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Behaviour involves reacting to stimuli and may be innate (colour change) or include input via cognition (learning, memory). Understanding the complex behaviour of some fish, as in interaction with conspecifics, potential prey or predators, may require consideration of neurobiology and endocrinology. Whereas fish may show behaviours associated with tetrapods (play, sleep), some of their behaviour follows a preset pattern, for example in feeding and reproduction. Communication between fish depends on cues such as colour, sound, electroception or pheromones. Long-term behaviour includes migration and territoriality, with schooling a group phenomenon. Within the brain a neuropil may indicate a region capable of memory, in fish it is abundant in the optic tectum with up to 15 laminae (layers), with some in the olfactory bulb; however, the laminated cerebral cortex of mammals is lacking. Current research includes the role of engrams in memory and the use of zebrafish as models.
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Dishion, Thomas J., and James Snyder. Coercion Dynamics. Edited by Thomas J. Dishion and James Snyder. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199324552.013.29.
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This chapter summarizes the history of research focused on coercive relationship dynamics among family members and peers. It is plausible that evolutionary mechanisms are at play that account for the cross-generational repetition of conflict and coercion and the alarming transformations in human behavior that lead to more serious forms of violence. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the genetic and neurobiological underpinnings of emotion-regulation patterns that define vulnerability to coercive relationships. Coercive relationship dynamics can be subtle and laden with many emotions, but ultimately, the core dynamic is that conflict is solved by emotional manipulation rather than by negotiation. More nuanced forms of coercion are also implicated in some patterns of depression, anxiety, and suicide ideation and attempts. There are several evidence-based prevention and treatment strategies for youth problem behavior and marital relationships. Successful prevention and intervention must skillfully motivate and manage changes in these overlearned patterns of behavior.
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Breaking the Fat Pattern: The Diet Detective's Plan to End the Cycle of Yo-Yo Dieting. Plume, 2005.
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Saturn, Sarina Rodrigues. Two Factors That Fuel Compassion. Edited by Emma M. Seppälä, Emiliana Simon-Thomas, Stephanie L. Brown, Monica C. Worline, C. Daryl Cameron, and James R. Doty. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464684.013.10.
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This chapter explores how inborn biology and life experiences both play a role in profiles of compassion. The first portion focuses on oxytocin, a neuroendocrine system that is an essential part of the biological drive to feel and express compassion for others. Both innate genetic differences and environmentally-caused epigenetic variations of the oxytocin receptor influence how brains, bodies, and social behaviors are driven by this hormone that facilitates caretaking. The second portion concentrates on moral elevation, a distinct emotional state triggered by witnessing compassion. The experience of moral elevation involves a unique pattern of neurophysiological events in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Together, this section provides illustrations of the mind-body connections underlying of the observations, sensations, and behaviors of compassion.
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Walker, Matthew C. Convulsive and non-convulsive status epilepticus. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688395.003.0030.
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This chapter describes the definition, epidemiology, classification, diagnosis, and treatment of status epilepticus, concentrating on the roles that electroencephalography (EEG) plays. The term status epilepticus now encompasses a range of conditions from continuous convulsive seizures to clinically subtle non-convulsive seizures, which may manifest as changes in behaviour or personality. EEG is critical for the diagnosis of non-convulsive status epilepticus. Furthermore, the progression of convulsive status epilepticus is to an electromechanical dissociation in which continuous electrical seizure activity may have no or minimal clinical manifestations. In the later stages of status epilepticus, EEG is necessary to monitor treatment, but is confounded by the interpretation of periodic EEG patterns, which represent a continuum from interictal through to ictal activity. Post-status epilepticus EEG patterns have prognostic value: periodic epileptiform discharges, burst suppression patterns (off anaesthesia) and repetitive seizure activity are indicative of a poor long-term prognosis.
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Pirota, Kleber Roberto, Angela Knobel, Manuel Hernandez-Velez, Kornelius Nielsch, and Manuel Vázquez. Magnetic nanowires: Fabrication and characterization. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533053.013.22.
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This article describes the fabrication and characterization of magnetic nanowires, focusing on the magnetic properties of patterned arrays of metallic magnetic nanowires electrodeposited into the pores of anodized-alumina membranes. It also discusses the complex magnetization processes, both in isolated nanowires and in collectively patterned arrays. After providing an overview of the state-of-the-art on fabrication techniques of nanowires, the article considers the microstructure of magnetic nanowires and the magnetic properties of single nanowires. It then examines the collective behavior of arrays where the interactions among the magnetic entities play an important role, along with the transport properties of magnetic nanowires, the temperature-dependent effects (such as magnetoelastic-induced anisotropy), and the dynamic properties of magnetization such as ferromagnetic resonance characteristics and spin-wave excitations in ferromagnetic nanowires. Finally, it presents an overview of future research directions.
Book chapters on the topic "Play behavior patterns"
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Gleason, J. J. "Meaning of Play: What Patterns in Behavior Suggest for Adaptation of Educational and Therapeutic Practice." In Adapted Physical Activity, 257–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74873-8_39.
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Wright, Brianna M., Eva H. Stredulinsky, and John K. B. Ford. "Sex in Killer Whales: Behavior, Exogamy, and the Evolution of Sexual Strategies in the Ocean’s Apex Predator." In Sex in Cetaceans, 353–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35651-3_16.
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AbstractWe present the current available knowledge about sexual behavior and mating systems in the killer whale, Orcinus orca, focusing primarily on the most well-studied ecotype, the Residents of the eastern North Pacific. Resident killer whales display lifetime natal philopatry of both sexes and thus form stable social groupings organized along maternal lines. Inbreeding is minimized via exogamous mating during multigroup aggregations that are diffusely seasonal. Male reproductive success in Residents is highly skewed, likely as a result of female mate choice or possibly intrasexual contest competition (or both), with only the largest and oldest males siring offspring. Female choice for males with large body and appendage sizes likely explains why killer whales as a species have evolved a high degree of sexual dimorphism. Scarring patterns and dorsal fin injuries indicate that breeding-aged males may occasionally engage in aggressive intrasexual competition to secure mates. Young male Residents appear to practice courtship behaviors by engaging in sociosexual play with other males. Coercive mating or mate-guarding in this species has not been observed and appears to be unlikely. Relative testes size, penis length, and penis tip morphology indicate that some sperm competition presumably exists in killer whales and likely co-evolved with female polyandry. Thus, both pre- and postcopulatory sexual selection may occur simultaneously in killer whales, and this species probably has a polygynandrous mating system in which both males and females can breed with multiple partners. Genetic pedigree studies of killer whale ecotypes besides Residents are needed to provide currently lacking but valuable information about mating patterns in other populations.
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Masters, William A., and Amelia B. Finaret. "Food and Health: Behavioral Economics and Response to Intervention." In Food Economics, 267–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53840-7_8.
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AbstractFood consumption meets each person’s immediate need for dietary energy each day, with foods selected in pursuit of various goals such as taste and enjoyment, convenience and social aspirations. Food consumption also has long-term impacts on a person’s future health, but a food’s appearance and its taste or smell convey little information and might even be misleading about those future impacts. The link between food and future health is particularly unclear for recently introduced packaged and processed foods or meals away from home that have new ingredients in unfamiliar combinations. Centuries of trial and error give people a variety of food traditions, while market forces create rapidly changing and diverse food environments influenced by a variety of policies and programs, some of which are influenced by recent scientific evidence. This chapter introduces the tools of behavioral economics used to understand preferences and guide intervention. Behavioral economics in general addresses psychological causes of preference reversals, whereby people contradict themselves with inconsistent choices due to systematic patterns such as loss aversion and present bias, and thereby do not reach the highest levels of wellbeing for their future selves. Food choice is a kind of health behavior for which both psychology and underlying biology play a central role, creating the need and opportunity for well-designed interventions to improve future wellbeing.
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Sonea, Ovidiu-Dan. "Usage Patterns Identification Using Graphs and Machine Learning." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 84–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72308-8_6.
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AbstractDuring the past years, the number of platforms that are introducing a subscription plan is steadily increasing. This phenomenon helps support the developers as well as continuing to provide quality content. Since not so many individuals are willing to spend money or some simply do not have the means, they resort to sharing an account that has a subscription plan. This behavior can, in some instances, be harmful for the developers and, even if it is not, any provider can benefit from knowing what type of clients they have. The solution depicted and explored in this article will focus on using data that is easily available and structuring it in a way that can provide insight into each account activity.
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Praizendorf, Ekaterina S., Olga M. Lubimova, and Anna S. Kuzmina. "Play as a Means for Developing Socially Acceptable Behavioral Patterns in Preschool Twins." In Complex Social Systems in Dynamic Environments, 981–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23856-7_86.
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Wang, Xiaofeng, Mohammad Idris Attal, Usman Rafiq, and Sylvia Hubner-Benz. "Turning Large Language Models into AI Assistants for Startups Using Prompt Patterns." In Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming – Workshops, 192–200. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48550-3_19.
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AbstractMost startups operate with limited resources and experience. AI technologies enable them to accomplish many tasks under these constraints. The recent advance of large language models (LLMs) offers new opportunities to support startup endeavors. Given the nascent nature of LLMs, how they could be utilized to support startups is yet to be investigated. Since prompt engineering is believed to be at the core of the effective use of LLMs, we aim to understand how to apply prompt engineering to turn LLMs into AI assistants for startups. As the first step, we investigated the application of a set of prompt patterns to ChatGPT, arguably the most widely known LLM currently. The preliminary results show that some patterns are more suitable for brainstorming which is a typical activity conducted by early-stage startups. Prompt-tuned questions may lead to more specific and more detailed responses, but it is not guaranteed. Meantime, human factors play an important role in the effective application of prompt patterns. Large-size and systematic studies are needed to apply the right patterns to different questions, taking into account the differences among startups in terms of their startup knowledge, domain knowledge, and their attitudes and behaviors towards LLMs.
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Han, Jinghe. "Chinese EMI Lecturers’ Engagement Strategies." In SpringerBriefs in Education, 51–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19904-2_4.
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AbstractIn Chap. 3, the pedagogical positions and instructional practices of the EMI lecturers were analyzed. This Chapter continues the examination of actual teaching practice in EMI classes by focusing on the Chinese EMI lecturers’ specific engagement strategies. Examining engagement allows this research to respond to two concerns raised in current literature: (i) that expository pedagogy and its aligned instruction will generate less classroom engagement compared to constructivist teaching; and (ii) there is less engagement and interaction in a class when teaching is conducted in EMI. The aim of this Chapter is not to measure the effectiveness of learning in relation to engagement, but rather to capture the characteristics of the engagement strategies implemented by the participants. Data reveal a general pattern in the EMI lecturers’ implementation of engagement strategies: cognitive engagement was the dominant, most frequently used engagement strategy, and conversely, emotional, managerial and behavioral engagement was observed with very limited frequency. The arguments being proposed are that the characteristics of these Chinese EMI lecturers’ engagement strategies are shaped by their pedagogical, educational and cultural ideologies; and that English as the medium plays a secondary role in patterns of engagement observed in this research.
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Heilesen, Simon B. "Human Behaviors with Podcasts." In Encyclopedia of Cyber Behavior, 178–88. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0315-8.ch015.
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Podcasts, i.e. digital media files (audio and video) distributed over the Internet, have become particularly popular since the introduction of podcasting in 2004. Podcasts are bringing changes to patterns of media production and consumption, and indeed to the way Internet users communicate. Many podcasts repurpose content, in some cases adding a play-on-demand dimension to broadcast media. But most podcast productions introduce original content on a myriad of subjects. The most widespread uses of podcasts, however, are within education, professional communication, and individual self-expression. Podcasts are normally dealt with in the context of established research disciplines such as media studies, social studies, and educational studies. Schools have yet to develop in the research on podcasts. But it is possible to identify a number of directions and issues within the disciplines where podcasts are having notable impacts.
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Misra, Richa, Sonali Singh, and Nidhi Singh. "Assessing Behavioral Patterns for Online Gaming Addiction." In Research Anthology on Game Design, Development, Usage, and Social Impact, 1678–703. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7589-8.ch081.
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The purpose of the study is to identify the risk factors that predict online gaming addiction based on psychological factors. A sample of 150 respondents, who play online games or played in the past, were the respondents. Structured questionnaire is used to understand gaming behavior and other psychological factors. The following factors were found to be a predictor of online gaming addiction: emotional dependence, social withdrawal, detachment from other activities, and long hours spent playing games. Confirmatory factors analysis was used to identify critical factors and discriminant analysis was used to classify respondents as active and non-active online gamer based on their level of addiction and time spent in playing. The result shows a significant gap in the perception of active and non-active gamers with respect to the above-mentioned factors. The study brings valuable insights to medical practitioners and researchers in the context of defining problematic gaming behaviour.
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Vayreda, Agnès, and Francesc Núñez. "The Role of Metaphors in the Interpersonal Discourse of Online Forums." In Interpersonal Relations and Social Patterns in Communication Technologies, 142–61. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-827-2.ch008.
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This chapter focuses on the role that metaphors play in the social relationships of people who use CMC. We analyze the metaphors used by contributors to three different electronic fora when they refer to the process of interaction. One of our main objectives is to show that the study of metaphors allows us to understand how CMC users reach agreement as to the nature of the social space that they inhabit and what behavior is considered to be appropriate or inappropriate in such a space. This chapter will show that metaphors facilitate the construction of social life and allow CMC users to propose norms of behaviour; they also facilitate the process of identification, generate confidence in a group, and orient users to the cultural contexts in which social action takes place.
Conference papers on the topic "Play behavior patterns"
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Pellens, Bram, Olga De Troyer, and Frederic Kleinerman. "Visual generative behavior patterns to facilitate game development." In the 2009 Conference on Future Play. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1639601.1639610.
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"Experimental Study on the Behavior of Tension Member Under Rupture." In Recent Advancements in Geotechnical Engineering. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901618-26.
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Abstract. A steel structure is naturally lighter than a comparable concrete construction because of the higher strength and firmness of steel. Nowadays, the growth of steel structures in India is enormous. There are so many advantages in adopting the steel as structural members. Almost all high-rise buildings, warehouses & go-downs are steel structures and even some of the commercial buildings are made of steel. Tension members are the elements that are subjected to direct axial load which tends in the elongation of the structural members. Even today bolted connections play a major role in the connection of hot rolled structural steel members. In this experimental study the behavior of tension members (TM) such as plates, angles & channels have been studied under axial tensile force. There is strong relation between pitch and gauge (with in the specified limit as per IS 800:2007) in determining the rupture failure plane. In this study we intensively tested the behaviour of TM for different fasteners pattern by changing the pitch, gauge, end & edge distance and by adopting the different patterns or arrangements of bolted connection in it.
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Vukovic, Dijana, Lara Milic, and Tanja Grmusa. "THE MEANING OF SUSTAINABILITY OF CULTURAL IMMATERIAL CONSUMPTION." In 10th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2023. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2023/sv08.40.
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Cultural characteristics differ from nation to nation, and often by provinces, cities,villages - each group of people has its own traditions, beliefs and behaviors that are oftensimilar to other groups, but again specific to its members. Customs, rituals andsuperstitions as part of a particular culture define and shape the identity of consumerswho belong to that culture - they influence their attitudes, needs, habits and desires. Theseaspects of culture are embedded in consumer behavior, a complex set of preferences andpatterns of an individual, and make up the identity of that individual, which is expressedin his purchasing patterns. As the connection between customs, rituals and superstitionsand consumer behavior has not yet been examined in the scientific literature, nor has theimportance of their influence on consumer habits and characteristics been established, thesubject of this research is precisely to establish this relationship. In Europe, culturaldifferences play a decisive role in shaping consumption patterns. At the same time, globalcompetition tends to have a homogenizing effect on some markets such as music, sports,clothing and entertainment, and multinational companies such as Sony, Pepsi, Nintendo,Nike and Levi Strauss dominate and play an important role in shaping the market. Withthe creation of a single European market, many companies began to consider even morethe possibilities of standardized marketing across national borders in Europe. However,the increasing similarity of brands and products available in Europe does not mean thatconsumers are the same � variables such as personal motivation, cultural context, patternsof family relationships and rhythms of daily life differ significantly from country tocountry and from region to region. This paper will explore the possibilities of improvingthe protection and preservation of rituals, customs, traditions and superstitions as part ofcultural heritage that have an impact on the formation of consumer behavior. Culturalheritage through customs and rituals, traditions and superstitions is recognized as part ofthe historical, cultural, economic and tourist significance for the Republic of Croatia andis important for the preservation of national identity. As a set of permanent material andimmaterial values and human creations, culture is exposed to various problematic,counter-cultural and degrading processes, which arise from conflicts of interests and,sometimes, too fast changes, as well as uncritically accepted immaterial forms of culture,such as rituals, customs, traditions and superstitions of a people. In this sense, thedegradation of traditions and customs, rituals and superstitions can affect the decline inthe quality of life of people in the European Union. The general goal of this research, based on a sample of 206 respondents, is to determine the influence of customs, ritualsand superstitions on consumer behavior in the Republic of Croatia, more precisely, todetermine the frequency of product purchases with regard to different types of rituals.
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Tucker, Conrad S., and Sung Woo Kang. "A Bisociative Design Framework for Knowledge Discovery Across Seemingly Unrelated Product Domains." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70764.
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The Bisociative Design framework proposed in this work aims to quantify hidden, previously unknown design synergies/insights across seemingly unrelated product domains. Despite the overabundance of data characterizing the digital age, designers still face tremendous challenges in transforming data into knowledge throughout the design processes. Data driven methodologies play a significant role in the product design process ranging from customer preference modeling to detailed engineering design. Existing data driven methodologies employed in the design community generate mathematical models based on data relating to a specific domain and are therefore constrained in their ability to discover novel design insights beyond the domain itself (I.e., cross domain knowledge). The Bisociative Design framework proposed in this work overcomes the limitations of current data driven design methodologies by decomposing design artifacts into form patterns, function patterns and behavior patterns and then evaluating potential cross-domain design insights through a proposed multidimensional Bisociative Design metric. A hybrid marine model involving multiple domains (capable of flight and marine navigation) is used as a case study to demonstrate the proposed Bisociative Design framework and explain how associations and novel design models can be generated through the discovery of hidden, previously unknown patterns across multiple, unrelated domains.
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Pandian, Arvinda, Seeniappan Kaliappan, L. Natrayan, and Vinay Reddy. "Analyzing the Moisture and Chemical Retention Behavior of Flax Fiber–Ceramic Hybrid Composites for Automotive Underbody Shields." In Automotive Technical Papers. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-5006.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In pursuing enhanced bio-composite properties, filler materials play a pivotal role. This study delves into the impact of ceramic additives on the chemical resistance and moisture durability of flax fiber-reinforced polymers. Utilizing the hand lay-up technique, we developed polyester composites reinforced with flax fibers. Silicon carbide (SiC) and aluminum oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) were chosen as filler components. One batch of flax fibers underwent an alkaline treatment to enhance their properties further using a 5% NaOH solution. The resistance of composite samples to acetic acid and sodium hydroxide was then assessed. Additionally, the moisture absorption patterns of all models were investigated. A thorough comparative analysis was conducted among multiple composite batches. The results highlighted that integrating additives significantly bolstered the chemical and moisture resistance of the composites. Notably, the alkali-treated samples exhibited superior moisture and chemical agent resistance compared to their untreated counterparts.</div></div>
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Amini, Noushin, and Yassin A. Hassan. "Fluid Flow Mixing of Turbulent Jets Within a Staggered Rod Bundle." In ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2012-72482.
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In this investigation, flow mixing between turbulent jets injecting to a channel containing a rod bundle and the channel flows is studied using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Matched Index of Refraction (MIR) techniques. A specific case of a single impinging jet with a Reynolds number of 13,400 is considered for this analysis. The time-averaged vorticity fields for three different planes within the measurement volume verify the presence of coherent structures within all three fields, specifically in areas close to the jet impingement area and in the shear layer of the jet within the impingement plane. The cumulative effect of the vorticity patterns observed within all measurement planes is believed to have a significant role in the enhancement of mixing within the test section. To further analyze the behavior of the large-scale coherent structures observed in the time-averaged vorticity fields, Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) technique was applied to the PIV velocity fields. The results confirm that the jet flow is the most energetic and the dominant feature of the flow field. Therefore, to further analyze the behavior of some of the relatively smaller-scale coherent structures which could play a significant role in the mixing process, a higher number of modes or a different approach needs to be considered.
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Wei, Songbin, and Imin Kao. "Analysis of Stiffness Control and Vibration of Wire in Wiresaw Manufacturing Process." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-1096.
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Abstract In this paper, we study the stiffness and vibration behaviors of wire in wiresaw manufacturing process. The result of stiffness control and vibration analysis can be used to predict and reduce the kerf loss during the wiresaw manufacturing process. In modeling stiffness, the wire is treated as a wire stretched over a spherically bowed surface. The flexibility influence function (or the inverse of stiffness) of the wire under such geometry is studied. It is found that both the tension in the wire and geometry play important roles in the modeling of the stiffness of stretched wire in the wiresaw manufacturing process. The stiffness influence function is plotted and the results suggest control of stiffness through varying geometry and process parameters. Dynamically, the transverse vibration behavior of the axially moving wire is studied. The response under harmonic excitation is investigated with both closed-form and numerical method. The wire vibration is also simulated and plotted with three dimensional time history showing the vibration patterns of wire as a function of time.
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Mahmoudzadeh Akherat, Seyed Mohammad Javid, and Morteza Kimiaghalam. "A Numerical Investigation on Pulsatile Blood Flow Through Consecutive Axi-Symmetric Stenosis in Coronary Artery." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24534.
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The objective of this research is the determination of the wall shear stress (WSS) and velocity distribution patterns in axi-symmetric single or repeated stenoses in coronary arteries. The blood flow is modeled as an incompressible laminar flow with Re = 500 and the analysis is performed for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian blood behaviors. For the single stenosis cases, the area reduction of 25%, 64% and 75% are considered, while for the consecutive stenosis cases two sets of 64%, 25%, and 75%, 64% for the first and second stenosis are examined numerically respectively. Single stenosis cases are also employed for validation purposes, since experimental data are available for them. Present results indicate that regions of high and low shear stress may play an important role in the rupture of atherosclerotic lesions. Both sides of the stenotic area with high WSS and intense WSSG (Wall Shear Stress Gradient) are the most vulnerable sites of plaques. For the cases of consecutive stenoses, results show that displacement of the secondary plauque does not have any effect on the flow pattern. Moreover, the effect of the progression and the area reduction percentage of the consecutive stenoses were studied numerically. It was concluded that the progression of the first and the second stenoses creates high alterations in WSS and velocity distribution and increases the vulnerability of creation of new plaques. Furthermore, the pulsatile property of blood was considered. An accurate velocity waveform was implemented to predict the pulsatile behavior of blood. Results significantly vary from those of the laminar analysis in terms of velocity distribution and the magnitude of the maximum velocity. The flow patterns are studied for several time sections in one period.
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Yakti, Fatima alzahra Hasan, Hissa Al-Mannai, Dana Saad, Abdelhamid Kerkadi, Grace Attieh, and Hiba Bawadi. "Clustering of lifestyle risk factors among Algerian adolescents: Comparison between urban and rural area." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0140.
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Background: Lifestyle behavior risk factors (LBRs) such as sedentary behavior, physical inactivity, smoking, unhealthy eating patterns and being overweight/obese play a major role in the development or prevention of NCDs. Objective: Compare the clustering of LBRs between urban and rural Algerian adolescents. We expect differences in LBRs between urban and rural area. Design: Data of this cross-sectional study was derived from GSHS. Self-administered, anonymous questionnaire was filled out by 4532 adolescents (11–16 years), which addressed LBRs of NCDs. LBRs clustering was measured by the ratios of observed (O) and expected (E) prevalence of one or more simultaneously occurring LBRs for urban and rural area separately. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to examine the association of LBRs as dependent variable with demographic variables (location, age, gender). Results: The most common LBR was physical inactivity (84.6%: 50.9% for urban and 49.1% for rural). Adolescents in urban area had a higher prevalence of two (56.8% vs. 43.2%) and three and more (61.3 vs. 38.7%) LBRs than rural. In urban area, a significant positive association was found between: (low fruits and vegetables + physical inactivity) [2.06 (1.61-2.64)] and (high SB + smoking) [2.10 (1.54-2.76)], while (physical inactivity + high SB) [0.70 (0.54-0.91)] showed a significant negative association. In rural area, (high SB + overweight/obesity) [1.49 (1.09-2.04)] had a significant positive association. While, (low fruits and vegetables + high SB) [0.75 (0.60-0.94)], (physical inactivity + high SB) [0.65 (0.49-0.86)] and (physical inactivity + smoking) [0.70 (0.49-0.99)] had a negative association. Conclusions: Several socio-demographic factors have been identified to play a role in LBRs clustering among Algerian adolescents. Results of the study suggest the development of intervention aiming to tackle different LBRs rather than focusing on a single LBR.
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Gadomski, Benjamin C., John Rasmussen, and Christian M. Puttlitz. "The Effect of Muscle Loading on Internal Mechanical Parameters of the Lumbar Spine: A Finite Element Study." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53283.
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The human spine experiences complex loading in vivo; however, simplifications to these loading conditions are commonly made in computational and experimental protocols. Pure moments are often used in cadaveric preparations to replicate in vivo loading conditions, and previous studies have shown this method adequately predicts range of motion behavior (1, 2). It is unclear what effect pure moment loading has on the tissue-level internal mechanical parameters such as stresses in the annulus fibrosus and facet contact parameters. Recent advances in musculoskeletal modeling have elucidated previously unknown quantities of the musculature recruitment patterns such as times, forces, and directions. The advancements are especially relevant in cases of surgical intervention because the spinal musculature has been reported to play a critical role in providing additional stability to the spine when defects such as discectomy and nucleotomy are involved (2). Thus, the aim of the study was to determine the importance of computational loading conditions on the resultant global ranges of motion, as well as the tissue-level predictions of annulus fibrosus stresses, and facet contact pressures, forces, and areas.
Reports on the topic "Play behavior patterns"
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Maceira, Daniel, and Maria Victoria Murillo. Social Sector Reform in Latin America and the Role of Unions. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010797.
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This paper analyzes the reaction of teachers' and doctors' unions to a series of social sector reforms in the region, including administrative decentralization, provider payment mechanisms, and the introduction of performance evaluation and private provision. It combines the literature of economics and political science to understand the conditions that shape different patterns of union behavior and their effect on policy implementation. The paper suggests that the main conditions influencing union behavior in the health sector are related to the structure of the market (size and level of competition) due to the predominance of the private-public mix in its employment. In education, where the public sector is the main employer, political alignments and the organizational features of teachers' associations also play an important role in explaining the behavior of providers' organizations. Considering the exogenous character of most of these variables, the paper concludes by making some policy suggestions to align the objectives of unions and policymakers through regulatory reforms.
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Tuniki, Himanshu Patel, Gabriel Bekö, and Andrius Jurelionis. Using Adaptive Behaviour Patterns of Open Plan Office Occupants in Energy Consumption Predictions. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541563857.
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One of the factors that affects energy consumption in buildings is the level of control that occupants have over their environment, as well as their adaptive behaviour. The aim of this study was to focus on the adaptive clothing behaviour pattern, and to analyse its impact on energy consumption when integrated into a dynamic energy prediction tool. A questionnaire survey was conducted in an office building to collect the occupant behaviour data. The occupant clothing levels and the window opening behaviour were integrated into the dynamic energy performance prediction software, IDA ICE. The results of the simulations showed that the impact of adaptive clothing behaviour on energy consumption is relatively small, but it can meaningfully improve thermal comfort. Including adaptive behaviour in energy simulations can help in improving the accuracy of the energy performance and comfort predictions.
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King, E. L., A. Normandeau, T. Carson, P. Fraser, C. Staniforth, A. Limoges, B. MacDonald, F. J. Murrillo-Perez, and N. Van Nieuwenhove. Pockmarks, a paleo fluid efflux event, glacial meltwater channels, sponge colonies, and trawling impacts in Emerald Basin, Scotian Shelf: autonomous underwater vehicle surveys, William Kennedy 2022011 cruise report. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331174.
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A short but productive cruise aboard RV William Kennedy tested various new field equipment near Halifax (port of departure and return) but also in areas that could also benefit science understanding. The GSC-A Gavia Autonomous Underwater Vehicle equipped with bathymetric, sidescan and sub-bottom profiler was successfully deployed for the first time on Scotian Shelf science targets. It surveyed three small areas: two across known benthic sponge, Vazella (Russian Hat) within a DFO-directed trawling closure area on the SE flank of Sambro Bank, bordering Emerald Basin, and one across known pockmarks, eroded cone-shaped depression in soft mud due to fluid efflux. The sponge study sites (~ 150 170 m water depth) were known to lie in an area of till (subglacial diamict) exposure at the seabed. The AUV data identified gravel and cobble-rich seabed, registering individual clasts at 35 cm gridded resolution. A subtle variation in seabed texture is recognized in sidescan images, from cobble-rich on ridge crests and flanks, to limited mud-rich sediment in intervening troughs. Correlation between seabed topography and texture with the (previously collected) Vazella distribution along two transects is not straightforward. However there may be a preference for the sponge in the depressions, some of which have a thin but possibly ephemeral sediment cover. Both sponge study sites depict a hereto unknown morphology, carved in glacial deposits, consisting of a series of discontinuous ridges interpreted to be generated by erosion in multiple, continuous, meandering and cross-cutting channels. The morphology is identical to glacial Nye, or mp;lt;"N-mp;lt;"channels, cut by sub-glacial meltwater. However their scale (10 to 100 times mp;lt;"typicalmp;gt;" N-channels) and the unique eroded medium, (till rather than bedrock), presents a rare or unknown size and medium and suggests a continuum in sub-glacial meltwater channels between much larger tunnel valleys, common to the eastward, and the bedrock forms. A comparison is made with coastal Nova Scotia forms in bedrock. The Emerald Basin AUV site, targeting pockmarks was in ~260 to 270 m water depth and imaged eight large and one small pockmark. The main aim was to investigate possible recent or continuous fluid flux activity in light of ocean acidification or greenhouse gas contribution; most accounts to date suggested inactivity. While a lack of common attributes marking activity is confirmed, creep or rotational flank failure is recognized, as is a depletion of buried diffuse methane immediately below the seabed features. Discovery of a second, buried, pockmark horizon, with smaller but more numerous erosive cones and no spatial correlation to the buried diffuse gas or the seabed pockmarks, indicates a paleo-event of fluid or gas efflux; general timing and possible mechanisms are suggested. The basinal survey also registered numerous otter board trawl marks cutting the surficial mud from past fishing activity. The AUV data present a unique dataset for follow-up quantification of the disturbance. Recent realization that this may play a significant role in ocean acidification on a global scale can benefit from such disturbance quantification. The new pole-mounted sub-bottom profiler collected high quality data, enabling correlation of recently recognized till ridges exposed at the seabed as they become buried across the flank and base of the basin. These, along with the Nye channels, will help reconstruct glacial behavior and flow patterns which to date are only vaguely documented. Several cores provide the potential for stratigraphic dating of key horizons and will augment Holocene environmental history investigations by a Dalhousie University student. In summary, several unique features have been identified, providing sufficient field data for further compilation, analysis and follow-up publications.
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Olson, Hannah, Madeleine Haas, and Megan L. Kavanaugh. State-Level Contraceptive Use and Preferences: Estimates from the US 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Guttmacher Institute, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1363/2024.300488.
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Contraception plays a key role in people’s realization of their sexual and reproductive health and well-being. The factors that shape contraceptive behaviors are complex and dynamic, and there is growing recognition among reproductive health service providers and advocates that contraceptive service delivery must prioritize patients’ values and preferences to help them exercise their reproductive autonomy.1 Similarly, research and public health surveillance systems that measure not only contraceptive use and method selection but also contraceptive preferences are best suited to evaluate service quality and track progress toward meeting the needs of reproductive-aged people. Building on findings from two previous Guttmacher Institute reports describing Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data on contraceptive use in 20172 and 2019,3 this report uses data from the 2022 BRFSS to provide an expanded set of state-level estimates of contraceptive use and preferences. In 2022, scientists at Guttmacher collaborated with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to modify existing questions and include additional questions in the BRFSS family planning module. The resulting data set allows analysis not only of people’s primary contraceptive method use but also of multiple method use, overall contraceptive preferences and method-specific contraceptive preferences. Data collection for the 2022 BRFSS occurred during a pivotal time for reproductive health and rights due to the US Supreme Court’s June 2022 ruling in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, which overturned the federal right to abortion. A wave of restrictive state laws and policies have followed, and as legislation concerning sexual and reproductive health care becomes increasingly politicized, state-level policies are key determinants of the quality and accessibility of contraceptive care.4 In this environment, state-level data, especially on person-centered measures of contraceptive preferences, are of paramount importance in understanding how shifts in reproductive health policy and service delivery are felt in the population. This report finds that contraceptive use is high across all reporting jurisdictions, but there is considerable variation in whether people are realizing preferences for which contraceptives they use or whether to use at all. People who report having used a method that requires some interaction with a provider, for example, are more likely than people using exclusively provider-independent or over-the-counter methods to report their current method as their preferred method of contraception. Throughout this report, we will explore how patterns of contraceptive use and preferences vary by type of method or combination of methods and jurisdiction. Given the elevated barriers to contraception that young people have historically experienced,5,6 we also highlight differences between two age-groups (18–24 and 25–49) where possible.*