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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Platinum compounds'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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1

Lee, Daniel E. "Development of Non-Traditional Platinum Anticancer Agents: trans-Platinum Planar Amine Compounds and Polynuclear Platinum Compounds." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3809.

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Development of Non-Traditional Platinum Anticancer Agents: trans-Platinum Planar Amine Compounds and Polynuclear Platinum Compounds By Daniel E. Lee, Ph.D. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2015 Major Director: Nicholas P Farrell, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Chemistry Platinum anticancer compounds with cis geometry, similar to cisplatin, have been explored to circumvent the cisplatin resistance; however, they were not considered broadly active in cisplatin cells due to exhibiting similar or same cell death mechanism as cisplatin. Platinum compounds with trans geometry were less studied due to transplatin being clinically inactive; but with few structural modifications, they resulted in unaffected cytotoxic activities in cisplatin resistant cells with structural modification by exhibiting different modes of DNA binding. This research focused on further exploring and establishing structure-activity relationship of two promising non-classical series of platinum compounds with trans-geometry: trans-platinum planar amine (TPA) compounds and noncovalently binding polynuclear platinum compounds (PPC-NC). During this research, further optimizations of the reactivity of TPA compounds were accomplished by modifying the leaving carboxylate groups. The effects of modified reactivity were probed by a systematic combination of chemical and biophysical assays, followed by evaluating their biological effects in cells. To establish the structural-activity relationship of PPC-NCs, Mono-, Di-, Tri-, and Tetraplatin NC with charge of 4+, 6+, 8+, and 10+ were synthesized and evaluated by utilizing biophysical and biological assays. Lastly, a new class of polynuclear platinum compounds, Hybrid-PPCs, were synthesized and evaluated to overcome the pharmacokinetic problems of BBR3464, phase II clinical trial anticancer drug developed previously in our laboratory.

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2

Wang, Hongli. "A study of the structural, microstructural and magnetic properties of iron-platinum and cobalt-platinum type nanoparticles." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 200 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1354136761&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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3

Sherman, D. J. "Studies on some platinum metal compounds." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382671.

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4

Haggitt, Jane Louise. "Cluster compounds of platinum and gold." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334859.

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5

Burrows, Andrew David. "Cluster compounds of palladium and platinum." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302903.

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6

Tooze, R. P. "Organometallic compounds of platinum group metals." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/37880.

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7

Davis, John Christopher. "A Speciation study of the chloro-hydroxo complexes of Pt(II)." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1213.

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In this study a method was developed to identify and quantify platinum(II) complexes of the type [PtCl4-n(OH)n]2- and [PtCl4-n(H2O)n]2-n. Separation of the various species was achieved with the aid of a hyphenated reversed phase HPLC-ICP-MS technique coupled with an ion-pairing reagent, HMHDCl2. The adsorption of HMHD2+ onto a C-18 column was investigated by generating a series of breakthrough curves. It was found that the selectivity for high charge density anions originates from its low surface coverage relative to TBA+, which on the other hand could not separate Pt(II) complexes. The peaks in the chromatographic traces were assigned by following the stepwise ligand substitution of [PtCl4]2- in hydroxide medium with UV/Vis spectrophotometry and HPLC-ICP-MS simultaneously. A computer program was written by the author to analyse chromatographic data by deconvoluting the chromatogram into its individual components and calculating the mole fraction of each component. The validity of the consecutive pseudo-first order model was validated by constructing 3D Mauser diagrams with the raw spectrophotometric data (A1 vs A2 vs A3). Additional software was used to simulate the raw spectrophotometric data and processed chromatographic data. The pseudo-first order rate constants obtained in both cases were in agreement with each other. Hence, peaks were assigned to [PtCl4]2-, [PtCl3(OH)]2-, [PtCl2(OH)2]2-, [PtCl3(H2O)]-. The molar extinction coefficient spectra of [PtCl3(OH)]2- and [PtCl2(OH)2]2- were obtained by simulating the spectrophotometric data at wavelengths from 280 to 450 nm. The reaction of [PtCl4]2- with sodium hydroxide was investigated with UV/Vis spectrophotometry at 25 °C. A rate constant consisting of a first and second order term was obtained. The first order term agreed with what has been reported in the literature for aquation of [PtCl4]2- at 25 degrees C. The influence of temperature was established by conducting the experiment at different temperatures. It was found that the reaction proceeds essentially via aquation at elevated temperatures.

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8

Hoogervorst, Wilhelmus Johannes. "Isophthalaldimine compounds of palladium, platinum and rhodium." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2003. http://dare.uva.nl/document/69284.

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9

Ezomo, O. J. "Studies on palladium and platinum cluster compounds." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234990.

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10

Jones, Jane Helen. "New heteroborane cluster compounds of platinum metals." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303439.

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11

Chiffey, Andrew Francis. "Bimetallic compounds of palladium, platinum and gold." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294602.

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12

Kelly, P. F. "Sulphur-nitrogen compounds of platinum and palladium." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46826.

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13

Taylor, Lynne M. "Interactions of platinum compounds with heterocyclic bases." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/2356.

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It is generally accepted that platinum antitumour drugs bind, preferentially, to Guanine N7 in DNA. Thus the kinetics of formation and the energetics of dissociation of platinum-nitrogen bonding have been investigated, using simple model bases, namely pyridine. pyrimidine. purine and some derivatives. Six complexes of the type cis-PtCl2L2, where L is a N-heterocycle, have been successfully prepared and characterized. The kinetics of the reaction between K2PtCl4 and the N-heterocyclic bases in aqueous solution have beeD studied. This was best achieved by pre-aquating the PtCl4(2-) and measuring the decrease in concentration of platinum or ligand by AA or UV spectroscopy respectively. It was found that the rate of reaction is second order, the rate being dependent on the concentration of both platinum complex and the ligand. The substitution of ligand takes place by direct replacement, involving an associative S.2 mechanism. It was found that the activation entropy and the activation energy for the reactions of platinum complexes in solution are strongly correlated. The energetics of platinum-nitrogen bond dissociation were followed using thermogravimetric analysis. Quantitative data, which enabled calculation of the activation energy for the decomposition process involving the loss of one molecule of ligand was obtained from isothermal studies. No correlation was found between the solid state studies, involving bond breaking, and the syntheses of the complexes, probably because in solution the reaction is complicated by solvent effects. Theoretical studies, which involved Molecular Orbital calculations on the N-heterocyclic bases themselves, were also carried out in an attempt to correlate the kinetic and energetic parameters with the electronic structure of the ligand. Several correlations were attempted but only one was found. This was the relationship between the solid state decomposition energy and the LUMO energy of the quarternized base.

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14

Li, Jian-Jun. "Platinum(II) hydroxo, oxo, amido, imido and hydrazido complexes /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9720553.

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15

Scherlin, Freddy. "Synthesis and characterization of bimetallic platinum-thallium compounds." Thesis, Linköping University, The Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15403.

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The solid bimetallic compounds TtPt(CN)₄(ClO₄) and TtPt(CN)₄(NO₃) have been prepared by reactions between tetracyanoplatinate complex [Pt(CN)4]2- and aqueous solutions of Tl(ClO₄)₃ and Tl(NO₃)₃, respectively. The elemental analysis (N, C, H, Tl) of the compound has been carried out. The results of the analysis are reasonably consistent with the above compositions of the compounds. The bimetallic compounds have been characterized by IR and Raman spectroscopy as well as X-ray diffraction. IR and Raman spectra of the Tl-Pt compounds confirm presence of the perchlorate and nitrate counter ions in the solid. The presence of a direct Tl-Pt metal-metal bond in the compounds is confirmed by appearance of a strong vibrational band the low frequency region of the vibrational spectra.

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16

Tarlton, Stephen Vijay. "Low oxidation state compounds of palladium and platinum." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300855.

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17

Watson, Michael John. "Cluster compounds of gold and the platinum metals." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279996.

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18

Hallam, Malcolm Francis. "Synthetic and spectroscopic studies on heterometallic clusters of platinum." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a74b7c1b-4201-46cf-89aa-92d3f7160a9a.

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This Thesis describes the synthesis and structural characterisation of a range of heterometallic cluster compounds of platinum. Chapter 1 reviews the current knowledge in this area and gives examples of the kinds of cluster compounds which have been characterised, with some emphasis on their mode of synthesis and their structural and spectroscopic characterisation. The structures of the cluster compounds are rationalised in terms of the triangular Pt₃ unit which dominates the cluster chemistry of platinum. The bonding in the simplest triplatinum cluster compounds is analysed and is used as a basis for understanding the interconversion of platinum cluster compounds and the formation of heterometallic platinum-gold cluster compounds. Chapter 2 describes the synthesis and characterisation of the homometallic platinum cluster compounds which are convenient precursors for the formation of heterometallic cluster compounds. A general synthetic route to the platinum carbonyl phosphine clusters has been developed and the exchange of bridging CO and S0₂ ligands in this type of cluster was investigated. The synthesis of a new type of anionic 44 electron triplatinum cluster, [Pt₃(μ-S0₂)₂(μ-X)(PR₃)₃]¯ described. The syntheses of heterometallic clusters from the trianguloplatinum cluster compounds are reported in Chapter 3. The use of [AuPR₃] as a capping fragment generates clusters with a tetrahedral Pt₃Au framework. The synthesis and characterisation of two novel "sandwich" compounds are reported in which a gold or copper atom is coordinated between two parallel triplatinum units. A full single crystal X-ray crystallographic study has been carried out on each of these compounds and their geometric parameters contrasted. Chapter 4 describes the reactions of the platinum-sulphide complex [Pt₂(μ-S)(CO)(PPh₃)₃]. This compound is found to be chemically robust. The pt-Pt bond has so far proved resistant to insertion reactions and only the ligands trans to the sulphur atom are readily exchanged. The bridging sulphido- group appears to have an extensive coordination chemistry which has lead to the synthesis of some heterometallic complexes. This property does not, as yet, provide a route into cluster formation but instead produces complexes which are aggregates of metal atoms. The application of ³¹P and ¹⁹⁵Pt NMR studies to the characterisation of platinum cluster compounds is discussed in Chapter 5. The solution NMR spectra of compounds synthesised in the course of this research are described and analysed in detail. A large amount of NMR data for homometallic triplatinum clusters has been gathered and it has been possible to characterise a number of such compounds having relatively low symmetry. The heterometallic complexes described in Chapters 3 and 4 have also been characterised using NMR spectroscopy by considering the extra MPR₃ fragments as perturbations on the spectra of the compounds from which they were derived. Analysis of the complex spectra obtained for such compounds was greatly assisted by the use of computer simulation techniques.

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19

Tong, Wai-yip, and 唐煒燁. "Luminescent platinum(II) complexes containing dianionic tetradentate ligands having mixed oxygen, nitrogen and carbon donor atoms and platinum(II)-containing phosphorescent polymers : synthesis, photophysical properties and material applications." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/198829.

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20

Myburgh, Jolanda. "Synthesis and characterization of novel platinum complexes : their anticancer behaviour." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018621.

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In this dissertation novel non-leaving groups were employed to synthesize platinum complexes which can contribute to the understanding or improvement of anticancer action. These complexes basically consist of (NS)-chelate and amineplatinum complexes. Bidentate (NS)-donor ligands were used as non-leaving ligands in the syntheses of platinum(II) complexes with iodide, chloride, bromide and oxalate anions as leaving groups. These complexes were synthesized and studied since many questions regarding the interaction of sulfur donors and platinum still exists. These relate to thermodynamic and kinetic factors and their influence on anticancer action. In this dissertation the properties of novel platinum(II) complexes of a bidentate ligand having an aromatic nitrogen-donor atom in combination with a thioethereal sulfur atom capable of forming a five membered ring with platinum(II) were studied. The general structure of the (NS) -ligands used were N-alkyl-2-methylthioalkyl imidazole. Alkyl groups used were methyl, ethyl and propyl. Although amine complexes of platinum have been extensively studied there are some new aspects of these that are worthwhile investigating. In this dissertation amines having planar attachments which will be at an angle with the coordination plane viz. benzylamine and amines having cyclic aliphatic groups namely cyclopropyl and cyclohexyl were investigated. Some of the (NS) - and amineplatinum(II) complexes were oxidised to their mononitroplatinum(IV) analogues . The motivation for the synthesis of these complexes was the greater kinetic stability of platinum(IV) and recent research has shown that a specific type of platinum(IV) compound shows suitable properties as an anticancer agent. These complexes were characterised by a variety of spectral means (IR, NMR, mass spectroscopy) as well as elemental analysis, solubility determinations, thermal analysis (TGA), ionization studies and finally their anticancer behaviour towards three different cell lines(Hela, MCF 7, Ht29) and in this process they were compared to the behaviour of cisplatin as a reference. A few have shown promising anticancer behaviour.

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21

Reams, Patrick William. "Solid-state N.M.R. studies of platinum and tin compounds." Thesis, Durham University, 1986. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6793/.

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High-resolution solid-state N.M.R. studies of dilute spins are now possible using cross-polarisation and MAS techniques. A systematic evaluation has been undertaken to determine their applicability to spin-½ metal nuclei, in particular (^195)Pt and (^119)Sn. In addition, an extensive (^13)C and (^31)p solid-state N.M.R. study has been carried out on a selection of Pt(II) complexes, supplying information on isotropic (scalar) coupling constants and shielding anisotropy. The majority of (^119)Sn and (^195)Pt spectra exhibit a multitude of spinning sidebands due to the large shielding anisotropy present. The tin systems under study have been of type R(_3)SnX (where R = Alkyl, phenyl and X = F, OH, CI); some are shown to be polymeric in the solid-state with penta-coordinate tin present. Where possible, correlations with X-ray crystallographic data and solution-state N.M.R. studies are giving. The interactions present in Pt(IV) compounds containing directly bonded quadrupolar nuclei have been studied and imply motional activity present in the solid- state. A more comprehensive study of these effects is given for two tin systems (Ph(_3)SnCl and (NH(_4))(_2)SnCl(_6)), whereby observed splittings can be accounted for by a combination of (^119)Sn-Cl dipolar and scalar coupling. The interplay of tensor properties between spin-½ nuclei, namely (1) dipolar coupling, (11) indirect (scalar) coupling and (111) shielding anisotropy is explored in solid-state (^195)pt-(^31)p and (^119)sn-(^19)f systems. The theory for such tensorial interplay is given for an AX(_2) system.

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22

Savage, Paul David. "Organometallic compounds of rhenium and the platinum group metals." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46494.

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23

Figueiredo, Marta C. "Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrogen containing compounds on platinum surfaces." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/26516.

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24

Torabi, Ali Asghar. "X-ray studies on Pt/Re and other compounds." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307196.

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25

Luedtke, Avery T. "Synthesis, structure, and reactivity of five-coordinate platinum(IV) complexes /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11565.

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26

Wardle, R. W. M. "Synthetic and structural studies in platinum cluster chemistry." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355822.

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27

Wan, Kam-to. "Syntheses and photochemistry of monomeric platinum (II) complexes /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12757949.

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28

Wicks, Joseph Leslie Michael. "Routes to mixed metal compounds of the platinum group : metal σ-acetylide complexes and platinum clusters." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620495.

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29

Bojczuk, M. "Carbonyl exhange mechanisms in transition metal compounds." Thesis, University of Kent, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372765.

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30

Chan, Hoi-yiu. "Design and synthesis of luminescent mono- and dinuclear platinum(II) alkynyl terpyridine complexes : from photophysics to aggregation and self-assembly /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36929232.

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31

Roden, M. D. "Synthesis and characterisation of some novel low-coordinate phosphorus compounds containing bulky electron-withdrawing substituents." Thesis, Durham University, 1998. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4692/.

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The synthesis of several new phosphorus derivatives including new monophosphanes of the type RPX(_2) (X = F, CI and H), containing either the Fluoromes [2,4,6-(CF(_3))(_3)C(_6)H(_2)] or Fluoroxyl [2,6-(CF(_3))(_2)C(_6)H(_3)] group has been carried out successfully. The synthesis of a number of Cis-Platin analogous has been facilitated by the reaction of these new monophosphanes with a platinum dimer [(PCl(_2)(Pet(_3))(_2)](_2). These compounds are of the type PtCl(_2)(Pet(_3))RPX(_2) (X = CI, H and F, R = 2,6- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl). These compounds have shown an interesting correlation between bond length and (^1)J(_p-pt) NMR coupling. Disubstituted phosphanes (RPX(_2), X = CI, H) have also been synthesised and subsequent reaction has facilitated the formation, characterisation and structure solution of a new phosphorus (I) species (RP(_2)(^(-)))(Ph(_3)PCH(_3))(^1) (R - Fluoromes).Attempts have been made to synthesise the first phosphaalkyne containing a bulky electron withdrawing ligand. This involved the reaction of RP=CCl(_2) (R = 2,6- bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) with a number of Pt(0) and Pd(0) species. (^31)P NMR studies have been used extensively throughout the project to help characterise and identify the products. The single crystal, solid state structures of many of the new species were elucidated by X-ray diffraction using a Siemens Smart CCD.

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32

Yu, Ka-lai. "Design and synthesis of luminescent homo- and heterometallic complexes of Platinum(II) /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21020449.

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33

Chan, Lai-ping. "Syntheses, photophysics and photochemistry of polynuclear homo- and hetero-metallic complexes of platinum (II) acetylides /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13857666.

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34

Bouwer, Yolanda. "Novel aspects of platinum-amine coordination compounds: their chemistry and anticancer application." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021052.

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The aim in this thesis, was to synthesize novel platinum coordination compounds, in order to develop compounds with improved anticancer action which could lead to an improved understanding of the mechanism by which they operate and at the same time, improve synthetic methods for their products. The initial work included the development of a novel synthetic method for 1R,2R-diaminocyclohexaneoxalato-platinum(II) (oxaliplatin), by using an essentially non-aqueous solvent medium and direct ligand exchange at elevated temperatures. This was done by a study of the kinetics of the reaction in a variety of conditions; such as relative reagent concentrations and ratios as well as solvent mixtures. An effective method was developed which could be applied industrially. An international patent was taken out on this method. Various amine complexes of platinum(II) were synthesized using chloro, bromo and oxalato groups as leaving groups. The non-leaving groups were selected having certain specific characteristics in mind. Novel mononitroplatinum(IV) complexes were synthesized, mostly with oxalato leaving groups. One of these in particular, had excellent anticancer behaviour. Another trichloromononitro complex was also synthesized with very good anticancer properties. Two international patents were filed for the latter two compounds. As far as possible, all compounds were studied by spectrometric, chromatographic and thermal methods. They were also tested against 3 cancer cell lines namely cervical (Hela), Colon (HT29) and Breast (MCF7) cancer cells.

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35

Kui, Chi-fai. "Non-covalent weak interactions in group IV, PT(II) and AU(I) organometallic complexes synthesis, structures and properties /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B32021331.

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36

Oosthuizen, Lukas Marthinus. "New platinum coordination compounds : their synthesis, characterization and anticancer application." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018795.

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The aim of this thesis was to investigate the properties of novel platinum compounds with possible potential as anticancer agents, and to determine how their behaviour could lead to a better understanding of the chemistry involved. The final criteria were improvement of their anticancer behaviour. Since many questions are still unanswered as to the role of sulfur in anticancer action, studies were undertaken to synthesize novel platinum(II) complexes having non-leaving groups consisting of a combination of an aromatic nitrogen and thioetherial sulfur capable of forming a five membered ring upon coordination. The structural unit was 1-methyl-2-methylthioalkyl/aryl. Numerous complexes formed by these ligands each having chloro, bromo, iodo and oxalato leaving groups were then fully characterized. The results obtained by the various synthetic methods were compared and explained in terms of the chemistry involved. The role of the sulfur donor was indicated in both the halo- and oxalato-complexes and proved to be strongly influenced by the nature of the leaving groups. Their differences are reflected in their anticancer behaviour. The study was extended to mononitroplatinum(IV) complexes, in view of the kinetically stable platinum(IV) compounds and advantages related to this. A specific mononitroplatinum(IV) complex which proved to have good anticancer and STAT 3 properties could according to the literature not be synthesized successfully in a good yield and a high degree of purity. The results of extensive studies showed that the main problem centred around the simultaneous reactions in equilibrium during the synthesis. A number of these species formed as a result of side reactions could be identified and their close separation factors indicated chromatographically. The mechanism of these reactions and the unstable intermediate species involved could be rationalized and compared to analogues in the literature. All the complexes studied were characterized by spectral and thermal methods both in solution as well as the solid state. Their anticancer behaviour towards three anticancer cell lines (Hela, MCF 7, Ht 29) were determined and acted as a guide towards possible structural modifications for their improved capability. Three crystal structures of platinum(II) complexes were determined. The extent of the ionization of the platinum(II) complexes as well the redox potentials (Pt(II) / Pt(IV)) of the platinum(IV) complexes were particularly important factors pertaining to their anticancer action.

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37

尹錦濤 and Kam-to Wan. "Syntheses and photochemistry of monomeric platinum (II) complexes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31209476.

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38

Liu, Li. "The chemistry of luminescent mercury (II) alkynyl complexes and their platinum (II) and gold (I) counterparts." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2005. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/627.

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39

Kotadia, Nayna. "A Study on the Protein Interaction with Different Platinum Compounds." TopSCHOLAR®, 2008. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/8.

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Since the discovery of anti-tumor activity of cisplatin in 1960, significant progress has been made in treating metastatic or advanced cancer with cisplatin and platinum compounds. Platinum compounds covalently bind to DNA and disrupt DNA function. They are also known to bind with amino acids like methionine, histidine and cysteine to form cisplatin-protein adducts which are responsible for most of its cytotoxicity and side effects. Recent articles on cisplatin-protein have shown that adding bulky adjuncts to cisplatin or using different platinum compounds varies the degree and extent of reaction thus possibly reducing cisplatin resistance and side effects. One of the proteins to study is cytochrome C, which is an intermediate in apoptosis (a controlled form of cell death used to kill cells in the process of development or in response to infection or DNA damage). Cytochrome C activates caspase 9, a cysteine protease, which in turn goes on to activate caspases 3 and 7, which are responsible for destroying the cell from within. In this study, we tried to examine how various platinum compounds like cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2, cis-Pt(NH3)2(NO3)2, Pt(en)(NO3)2, Pt(Me4en)(NO3)2, Pt(NH3)2 (oxalate), Pt(en)(oxalate),Pt(Me4en)(oxalate), which have different ligands/bulk, react with cytochrome C in different physiological conditions. This research project subsequently focused on three main aspects: 1) to determine whether the concentration of platinum compounds made a difference in the reaction rate, 2) to determine whether the pH of the buffer shows any difference in the reaction rate, 3) to determine how the ligands coordinated to the platinum affected the rate. We used 1) HPLC with vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) as an internal standard. 2) Separate samples of platinum compounds with bovine serum albumin were then subjected to dialysis and were then sent to the Materials Characterization Center for analysis by ICP-AES spectroscopy. In summary, the following conclusions are stated: •The leaving group, pH, bulk and the concentration play a very vital role in determining the reaction rate for platinum-cytochrome C interactions. •Chlorides form excellent leaving groups followed by oxalates then nitrates. •Pt(en) reacts faster than Pt(NH3)2 which reacts faster than Pt(Me4en). •Nitrates, Pt(en) and few oxalate form multiple products showing non-specific binding. Only cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 and Pt(Me4en)(oxalate) formed predominately a single product showing target specific binding. •cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 showed an increased reaction rate at lower pH while cis-Pt(NH3)2(NO3)2 and Pt(Me4en)(NO3)2 showed higher reactions at higher pH. •Despite platinum compound was present in significant molar excess relative to cytochrome C, at the end of 21 hrs there was a significant amount of unreacted cytochrome C left except in case of cis-Pt(en)Cl2 which reacted with the whole cytochrome C in less than ten minutes. •We saw the rate of reaction in order of cis-Pt(en)Cl2 > Pt(en)(oxalate) > cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 > Pt(en)(NO3)2 > cis-Pt(NH3)2(NO3)2 > cis-Pt(NH3)2(oxalate) > Pt(Me4en)(oxalate) > Pt(Me4en)(NO3)2

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40

Anderson, Bernard Marshall. "A study of polymeric platinum (II) compounds and nanoscale materials." Diss., Montana State University, 2004. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2004/anderson/AndersonB0504.pdf.

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Duin, Marcel Adrianus. "Nucleophilic and electrophilic platinum compounds for C-H bond activation." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2004. http://dare.uva.nl/document/75218.

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Robey, Stephanie. "Reactions of Platinum(II) Compounds with Selenium Containing Amino Acids." TopSCHOLAR®, 2013. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1252.

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Platinum(II) anticancer medications essentially react with DNA forming kinks inthe double helix of DNA and causing apoptosis. It has also been noted that theseanticancer medications react with methionine and cysteine in the body. With the new discoveries of selenium containing amino acids including selenomethionine and selenocysteine, new research is ongoing to see what types of products can be formed from these amino acids. Our research reacts [Pt(Met-S,N)Cl2] 2+ with selenomethionine to determine what types of products are produced. Monochelates including [Pt(SeMet-Se,N)Cl2] 2+ have formed two isomers, as well as other products that insinuate both selenomethionine and methionine binding with the platinum to form various [Pt(SeMet- Se,N)(Met-S,N)]2+ products. When initially reacting 6 mM [Pt(Met-S,N)Cl2] 2+ with 3 mM SeMet, the monochelates of both are produced without forming any free methionine which would suggest that there is free platinum in our solution creating the SeMet monochelate. When adding additional SeMet to the solution the same products are formed that are created when reacting 6 mM [Pt(Met-S,N)Cl2] 2+ and 6 mM SeMet. The 1H NMR spectrum for these products imply a product of [Pt(SeMet-Se,N)(Met-S,N)] 2+. Also, reactions with [Pt(en)(ox)] 2+ and SeMet were conducted and produced various products at two different pH’s. A [Pt(SeMet-Se,N2] 2+ product was formed at lower pH and produced free ethylenediamine, however at a higher pH only [Pt(en)(SeMet-Se,N)]2+ was produced.

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Hill, Christopher M. "The synthesis of novel cluster compounds of palladium and platinum." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334864.

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Kabolizadeh, Peyman. "Mechanisms of Accumulation and Biological Consequences of Polynuclear Platinum Compounds." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1913.

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Basu, Sayanti. "Synthesis and catalytic applications of new acceptor platinum alkyl cations." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1939365871&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Shum, Yuen-ting, and 岑婉婷. "Functionalized platinum (II) and gold (I) acetylide complexes: structural and spectroscopic properties andanticancer activities." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38639865.

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Shum, Yuen-ting. "Functionalized platinum (II) and gold (I) acetylide complexes structural and spectroscopic properties and anticancer activities /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38639865.

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Chantson, Janine. "Platinum (II) complexes of heteroaromatic derivatives." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2002. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08012005-143742/.

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Kwok, Chi-chung. "Functional light-emitting materials of platinum, zinc and boron for organic optoelectronic devices." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B34617693.

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俞嘉麗 and Ka-lai Yu. "Design and synthesis of luminescent homo- and heterometallic complexesof Platinum(II)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31239699.

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