Relevant bibliographies by topics / Platinum anode

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Platinum anode'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Platinum anode"

1

Chen, Wei-Sheng, and Jie-Yu Yang. "Concentrating and Dissolving Platinum Group Metals from Copper Anode Slime." International Journal of Materials, Mechanics and Manufacturing 7, no. 6 (December 2019): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijmmm.2019.7.6.468.

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Rozenfeld, Shmuel, Lea Ouaknin Hirsch, Bharath Gandu, Ravit Farber, Alex Schechter, and Rivka Cahan. "Improvement of Microbial Electrolysis Cell Activity by Using Anode Based on Combined Plasma-Pretreated Carbon Cloth and Stainless Steel." Energies 12, no. 10 (May 23, 2019): 1968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12101968.

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The anode activity in a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) is known to be a limiting factor in hydrogen production. In this study, the MEC was constructed using different anode materials and a platinum-coated carbon-cloth cathode (CC). The anodes were comprised of CC, stainless steel (SS), and a combination of the two (COMB). The CC and SS anodes were also treated with plasma to improve their surface morphology and hydrophilic properties (CCP and SSP, respectively). A combined version of CCP attached to SS was also applied (COMBP). After construction of the MEC using the different anodes, we conducted electrochemical measurements and examination of biofilm viability. Under an applied voltage of 0.6 V (Ag/AgCl), the currents of a MEC based on CCP and COMBP were 11.66 ± 0.1331 and 16.36 ± 0.3172 A m−2, respectively, which are about three times higher compared to the untreated CC and COMB. A MEC utilizing an untreated SS anode exhibited current of only 0.3712 ± 0.0108 A m−2. The highest biofilm viability of 0.92 OD540 ± 0.07 and hydrogen production rate of 0.0736 ± 0.0022 m3 d−1 m−2 at 0.8 V were obtained in MECs based on the COMBP anode. To our knowledge, this is the first study that evaluated the effect of plasma-treated anodes and the use of a combined anode composed of SS and CC for hydrogen evolution in a MEC.
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González, Javier, Carlos Sánchez, Bibian Alonso Hoyos, Carlos Monsalve, and Gonzalo Trujillo. "Oxidation of H2 and CO in a fuel cell with a Platinum-tin Anode." Ingeniería e Investigación 24, no. 2 (May 1, 2004): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v24n2.14600.

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This report describes the construction and evaluation of a fuel cell with a bi-metallic anode of Pt-Sn supported on carbon, as catalysts for oxidation of pure hydrogen, pure CO and a 2% CO in H2 mixture. Both, cathode and anode were made with a structure composed by a diffusive layer and a catalytic layer. The diffusive layer was made with a carbon cloth while the catalytic layer contained the platinum and tin supported on carbon. To test the performance of the catalytic mixture, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) was developed with an original design for the gas distribution plates. The reactants were feed to ambient temperature and 3 psig in the anode side, while 5 psig pure oxygen was used in the cathode. The anode catalytic load was 0.57 mg/cm2 of platinum and 0.08 mg/cm2 of tin. The catalytic load in cathode was 0.85 mg/cm2 of pure platinum. It was found that this catalytic mixture is tolerant to CO presence.
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Dbira, Sondos, Nasr Bensalah, Mohammad I. Ahmad, and Ahmed Bedoui. "Electrochemical Oxidation/Disinfection of Urine Wastewaters with Different Anode Materials." Materials 12, no. 8 (April 16, 2019): 1254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12081254.

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In the present work, electrochemical technology was used simultaneously for the deactivation of microorganisms and the destruction of micro-pollutants contained in synthetic urine wastewaters. Microorganisms (E. coli) were added to synthetic urine wastewaters to mimic secondary treated sewage wastewaters. Different anode materials were employed including boron-doped diamond (BDD), dimensionally stable anode (DSA: IrO2 and RuO2) and platinum (Pt). The results showed that for the different anode materials, a complete deactivation of E. coli microorganisms at low applied electric charge (1.34 Ah dm−3) was obtained. The complete deactivation of microorganisms in wastewater seems to be directly related to active chlorine and oxygen species electrochemically produced at the surface of the anode material. Complete depletion of COD and TOC can be attained during electrolyses with BDD anode after the consumption of specific electric charges of 4.0 and 8.0 Ah dm−3, respectively. Higher specific electric charges (>25 Ah dm−3) were consumed to removal completely COD and about 75% of TOC during electrolyses with DSA anodes (IrO2 and RuO2). However, the electrolysis using Pt anode can partially remove and even after the consumption of high specific electric charges (>40 Ah dm−3) COD and TOC did not exceed 50 and 25%, respectively. Active chlorine species including hypochlorite ions and chloramines formed during electrolysis contribute not only to deactivate microorganisms but also to degrade organics compounds. High conversion yields of organic nitrogen into nitrates and ammonium were achieved during electrolysis BDD and DSA anodes. The results have confirmed that BDD anode is more efficient than with IrO2, RuO2 and Pt electrodes in terms of COD and TOC removals. However, higher amounts of perchlorates were measured at the end of the electrolysis using BDD anode.
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Abdulhadi, Saif Ali, Alona Tulskа, Volodymyr Bayrachnyi, and Irina Valeriivna Sinkevich. "ON THE KINETICS OF ANODIC PROCESSES AT OXIDATION OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE." Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology, no. 1(5) (May 15, 2021): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2021.01.09.

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Dimethyl sulfoxide is a feedstock for a large number of organic substances syntheses. Nowadays research is considerably focused on the production of general products of dimethyl sulfoxide oxidation – dimethyl sulfone and methane sulfonic acid. Dimethyl sulfone is well–known as a food supplement for the treating and strengthening of human joints and ligaments. dimethyl sulfone is basically synthesized by oxidation of dimethyl sulfoxide in hot 30 % hydrogen peroxide in glacial acetic acid. Synthesis is accompanied by significant losses of hydrogen peroxide, the target product has to be significantly purified. It becomes possible to control the synthesis of pure dimethyl sulfone and methane sulfonic acid when using the electrochemical method of oxidation of dimethyl sulfoxide in its aqueous solution with chemically resistant anode and high overvoltage of oxygen reaction Controlled synthesis is relevant because sulfur tends to change the oxidation rate. Study of kinetics of anodic processes at platinum electrode was performed in the dimethyl sulfoxide concentration range about 1.0…4.0 mol∙dm–3. Current raise was observed at potentials that are more positive than 1.3…1.4 V. This potential range corresponds to oxygen release. Dissolved sulfuric acid (0.2 mol∙dm–3) was added in order to inhibit the oxygen release and achieve the potential for the formation of peroxide radicals in aqueous solutions of dimethyl sulfoxide. It is known that sulfate ions are adsorbed on the surface of the platinum anode, displacing molecules of protonated water. This allows to shift the potentials and increase of the electrolysis current in 0.2 mol∙dm–3 H2SO4 to 1.7…1.9 V. It indicates the processes of formation of peroxide radicals on the surface of the platinum anode. Further shift of the anode potential into more positive area than 2.00…2.05 V leads to a rapid increase in current density. At such potentials, dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl sulfone are oxidized to methane sulfonic acid with a parallel oxygen and hydrogen peroxide release. Current–voltage study has shown that the oxidation of dimethyl sulfoxide in aqueous solutions runs through the formation of dimethyl sulfone. When conducting electrochemical synthesis with control of the anode potential, it is possible to produce dimethyl sulfone without further oxidation to methane sulfonic acid. The addition of 0.2 mol∙dm–3 H2SO4 to aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide solutions inhibits oxygen release and intensifies oxidation of dipole dimethyl sulfoxide molecules adsorbed on the platinum surface. The influence of adsorption processes on the kinetics of anode processes at the platinum anode in aqueous solutions of dimethyl sulfoxide at high anode potentials has been studied.
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Men Truong, Van, Julian Richard Tolchard, Jørgen Svendby, Maidhily Manikandan, Hamish A. Miller, Svein Sunde, Hsiharng Yang, Dario R. Dekel, and Alejandro Oyarce Barnett. "Platinum and Platinum Group Metal-Free Catalysts for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells." Energies 13, no. 3 (January 27, 2020): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030582.

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The development of active hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts for use in anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs), which are free from platinum group metals (PGMs), is expected to bring this technology one step closer to commercial applications. This paper reports our recent progress developing HOR Pt-free and PGM-free catalysts (Pd/CeO2 and NiCo/C, respectively), and ORR PGM-free Co3O4 for AEMFCs. The catalysts were prepared by different synthesis techniques and characterized by both physical-chemical and electrochemical methods. A hydrothermally synthesized Co3O4 + C composite ORR catalyst used in combination with Pt/C as HOR catalyst shows good H2/O2 AEMFC performance (peak power density of ~388 mW cm−2), while the same catalyst coupled with our flame spray pyrolysis synthesised Pd/CeO2 anode catalysts reaches peak power densities of ~309 mW cm−2. Changing the anode to nanostructured NiCo/C catalyst, the performance is significantly reduced. This study confirms previous conclusions, that is indeed possible to develop high performing AEMFCs free from Pt; however, the challenge to achieve completely PGM-free AEMFCs still remains.
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Wei, Bin, Jing-Hao Qin, Yong-Zheng Yang, Ye-Xiang Xie, Xuan-Hui Ouyang, and Ren-Jie Song. "Electrochemical radical C(sp3)–H arylation of xanthenes with electron-rich arenes." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 9, no. 3 (2022): 816–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1qo01714d.

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Yashtulov, N. A., M. V. Lebedeva, and S. M. Pestov. "CATALYSTS FOR ANODE OXIDATION OF FORMIC ACID ON CARBON NANOTUBES "TAUNIT"." Fine Chemical Technologies 11, no. 5 (October 28, 2016): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2016-11-5-51-56.

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Platinum-palladium/carbon nanjtubes (CNT) carbon nanocomposites were synthesized by chemical reduction of ions in water-organic solutions of reverse microemulsions. Physico-chemical characteristics of the nanocomposites were studied by atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, photon-correlation spectroscopy, X-ray phase analysis and chronopotentiometry. It was found that the smallest platinum-palladium nanoparticles size is observed when the metal ratio is 3:1 and the water pool size is minimal (ω = 1.5). Testing of catalytic activity in the oxidation of formic acid showed that the platinum-palladium/CNT nanocomposites showed higher corrosion resistance than nanocomposites with pure palladium.
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Keech, Peter G., Michelle M. G. Chartrand, and Nigel J. Bunce. "Oxidation of simple indoles at a platinum anode." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 534, no. 1 (October 2002): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0728(02)01143-9.

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Secanell, M., K. Karan, A. Suleman, and N. Djilali. "Optimal Design of Ultralow-Platinum PEMFC Anode Electrodes." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 155, no. 2 (2008): B125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2806171.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Platinum anode"

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Gcilitshana, Oko Unathi. "Electrochemical Characterization of Platinum based anode catalysts for Polymer Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5972_1266961431.

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In this study, the main objective was to investigate the tolerance of platinum based binary anode catalysts for CO poisoning from 10ppm up to1000ppm and to identify the
best anode catalysts for PEMFCs that tolerates the CO fed with reformed hydrogen.

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Bauer, Alexander Günter. "Direct methanol fuel cell with extended reaction zone anode : PtRu and PtRuMo supported on fibrous carbon." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/913.

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The direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is considered to be a promising power source for portable electronic applications and transportation. At present there are several challenges that need to be addressed before the widespread commercialization of the DMFC technology can be implemented. The methanol electro oxidation reaction is sluggish, mainly due to the strong adsorption of the reaction intermediate carbon monoxide on platinum. Further, methanol crosses over to the cathode, which decreases the fuel utilization and causes cathode catalyst poisoning. Another issue is the accumulation of the reaction product CO₂ (g) in the anode, which increases the Ohmic resistance and blocks reactant mass transfer pathways. A novel anode configuration is proposed to address the aforementioned challenges. An extended reaction zone (thickness = ∼100-300 µm) is designed to facilitate the oxidation of methanol on sites that are not close to the membrane-electrode interface. Thus, the fuel concentration near the membrane may decrease significantly, which may mitigate adverse effects caused by methanol cross-over. The structure of the fibrous electrode, with its high void space, is believed to aid the disengagement of CO₂ gas. In this thesis the first objective was to deposit dispersed nanoparticle PtRu(Mo) catalysts onto graphite felt substrates by surfactant mediated electrodeposition. Experiments, in which the surfactant concentration, current density, time and temperature were varied, were conducted with the objective of increasing the active surface area and thus improving the reactivity of the electrodes with respect to methanol electro-oxidation. The three-dimensional electrodes were characterized with respect to their deposit morphology, surface area, composition and catalytic activity. The second objective of this work was to utilize the catalyzed electrodes as anodes for direct methanol fuel cell operation. The fuel cell performance was studied as a function of methanol concentration, flow rate and temperature by using a single cell with a geometric area of 5 cm². Increased power densities were obtained with an in-house prepared 3D PtRu anode compared to a conventional PtRu catalyst coated membrane. Coating graphite felt substrates with catalytically active nanoparticles and the utilization of these materials, is a new approach to improve the performance of direct fuel cells.
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Білоус, Тетяна Андріївна, and Геннадій Георгійович Тульський. "Вибір промоторів для електрохімічного синтезу пероксиоцтової кислоти." Thesis, Львівський національний університет ім. Івана Франка, 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/37586.

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A high-purity peroxyacetic acid may be produced by electrochemical method. The necessity of using peroxo group promoters is justified. The effect of the additions of CNS⁻, I⁻, Cl⁻, Br⁻ ions on the kinetics of anodic processes in an aqueous 3 mol/dm³ acetic acid solution with sulfuric acid addition have been investigated by the voltammetry method on a platinum electrode. The addition of CNS⁻, I⁻, Cl⁻, Br⁻ ions to the electrolyte composition leads to inhibition of the combined anodic oxygen evolution process. Additions of I⁻, Cl⁻, Br⁻ ions to the electrolyte for electrochemical synthesis of peroxyacetic acid are expedient to use, they contribute to achieving the maximum current efficiency of the final product (1,2 ... 1,5 %). The concentration of additions of ions I⁻, Cl⁻, Br⁻ should not exceed 0,001 mol/dm³. Electrochemical synthesis of peroxyacetic acid is advisable to conduct in the range of current densities of 500…1500 A/m², at which the maximum current efficiency of the target product is observed.
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Rismanchian, Azadeh. "Copper Nickel Anode for Methane SOFC." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1312299949.

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ANTONIASSI, RODOLFO M. "Desempenho elétrico e distribuição dos produtos da célula a combustível com etanol direto utilizando Pt/C, PtSn/C(liga) e PtSnO2/C como eletrocatalisadores anódicos." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2013. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10515.

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IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Drillet, Jean-François. "Einsatz von Poly(3,4-ethylendioxithiophen) als Katalysatorträger und Methanolbarriere in der Anode der Direktmethanol-Brennstoffzelle." Aachen Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992916550/04.

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SILVA, DIONISIO F. da. "Preparacao de eletrocatalisadores PtRu/C e PtSn/C utilizando feixe de eletrons para aplicacao como anodo na oxidacao direta de metanol e etanol em celulas a combustivel de baixa temperatura." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9475.

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IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Cesetti, Lorenzo. "Systematic study of in-situ sodium plating/stripping on anode free substrates for sodium ion batteries." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.

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Gli oggetti di studio di questo lavoro di tesi sono le batterie agli ioni-sodio, in particolare una loro variante ancora in fase di sviluppo denominata “anode-free”. Seppur questi accumulatori al sodio non siano nuovi ma conosciuti da tempo, è solamente dal 2010 che gli studi al riguardo si sono intensificati, tanto da portare alla realizzazione di diversi prototipi in pochi anni. Le maggiori difficoltà nel loro sviluppo sono state riscontrate nella scelta del materiale costituente l’anodo. Per ovviare al problema sono state ideate le batterie agli ioni-sodio “anode-free”: l’anodo è rappresentato da un semplice collettore di corrente, generalmente alluminio o rame, dove gli ioni-sodio si depositano, riducendosi e formando sodio metallico in situ durante la carica; al contrario, durante la scarica, è il sodio metallico che si ossida tornando ione e migrando verso il catodo. Il lavoro di tesi ivi proposto è stato sviluppato presso l’Energy Storage Group del College of Engineering della Swansea University di Swansea (UK). Sono stati esaminati tre substrati differenti valutando l’idoneità di ciascuno di essi ad un’applicazione come anodo in un accumulatore agli ioni-sodio “anode-free”, attraverso tecniche di caratterizzazione standard quali Galvanostatic Cycling (GC), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) ed analisi al microscopio. I materiali presi in esame sono stati: acciaio inossidabile, acciaio inossidabile rivestito di nichel ed un substrato di nichel chiamato nichel foam. Dopo aver visto che l’acciaio inossidabile è il substrato in grado di garantire prestazioni migliori, lo step successivo è stato quello di realizzare una vera e propria batteria agli ioni-sodio “anode-free” utilizzando un catodo composto da pirite presodiata. Le performance della batteria proposta in questa tesi sono state infine confrontate con quelle di un modello di riferimento che impiega un collettore di corrente in alluminio rivestito da carbon black come anodo.
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Lu, Lanying. "Studies of anode supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) based on La- and Ca-Doped SrTiO₃." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7068.

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Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have attracted much interest as the most efficient electrochemical device to directly convert chemical energy to usable electrical energy. The porous Ni-YSZ anode known as the state-of-the-art cermet anode material is found to show serious degradation when using hydrocarbon as fuel due to carbon deposition, sulphur poisoning, and nickel sintering. In order to overcome these problems, doped strontium titanate has been investigated as a potential anode material due to its high electronic conductivity and stability in reducing atmosphere. In this work, A-site deficient strontium titanate co-doped with lanthanum and calcium, La₀.₂Sr₀.₂₅Ca₀.₄₅TiO₃ (LSCT[sub](A-)), was examined. Flat multilayer ceramics have been produced using the aqueous tape casting technique by controlling the sintering behaviour of LSCT[sub](A-), resulting in a 450µm thick porous LSCT[sub](A-) scaffold with a well adhered 40µm dense YSZ electrolyte. Impregnation of CeO₂ and Ni results in a maximum power density of 0.96Wcm⁻² at 800°C, higher than those of without impregnation (0.124Wcm⁻²) and with impregnation of Ni alone (0.37Wcm⁻²). The addition of catalysts into LSCT[sub](A-) anode significantly reduces the polarization resistance of the cells, suggesting an insufficient electrocatalytic activity of the LSCT[sub](A-) backbone for hydrogen oxidation, but LSCT[sub](A-) can provide the electronic conductivity required for anode. Later, the cells with the configuration of LSCT[sub](A-)/YSZ/LSCF-YSZ were prepared by the organic tape casting and impregnation techniques with only 300-m thick anode as support. The effects of metallic catalysts in the anode supports on the initial performance and stability in humidified hydrogen were discussed. The nickel and iron impregnated LSCT[sub](A-) cell exhibits a maximum powder density of 272mW/cm² at 700°C, much larger than 43mW/cm² for the cell without impregnation and 112mW/cm² for the cell with nickel impregnation. Simultaneously, the bimetal Ni-Fe impregnates have significantly reduced the degradation rates in humidified hydrogen (3% H₂O) at 700°C. The enhancement from impregnation of the bi-metal can possibly be the result of the presence of ionic conducting Wustite Fe₁₋ₓO that resides underneath the Ni-Fe metallic particles and better microstructure. Third, in order to improve the ionic conductivity of the anode support and increase the effective TPBs, ionic conducting ceria was impregnated into the LSCT[sub](A-) anode, along with the metallic catalysts. The CeO₂-LSCT[sub](A-) cell shows a poor performance upon operation in hydrogen atmosphere containing 3% H₂O; and with addition of metallic catalysts, the cell performance increases drastically by almost three-fold. However, the infiltrated Ni particles on the top of ceria layer cause the deposition of carbon filament leading to cell cracking when exposure to humidified methane (3% H₂O). No such behaviour was observed on the CeO₂-NiFe impregnated anode. The microstructure images of the impregnated anodes at different times during stability testing demonstrate that the grain growth of catalysts, the interaction between the anode backbone and infiltrates, and the spalling of the agglomerated catalysts are the main reasons for the performance degradation. Fourth, the YSZ-LSCT[sub](A-) composites including the YSZ contents of 5-80wt.% were investigated to determine the percolation threshold concentration of YSZ to achieve electronic and ionic conducting pathways when using the composite as SOFC anode backbone. The microstructure and dilatometric curves show that when the YSZ content is below 30%, the milled sample has a lower shrinkage than the unmilled one due to the blocking effect from the well distributed YSZ grains within LSCT[sub](A-) bulk. However, at the YSZ above 30% where two phases start to form the individual and interconnected bulk, the composites without ball milling process show a lower densification. The impact of YSZ concentration and ball milling process on the electrical properties of the composites reveals that the percolation threshold concentration is not only dependant on the actual concentration, but also related to the local arrangement of two phases. In Napier University, the electroless nickel-ceramic co-depositon process was investigated as a manufacturing technique for the anodes of planar SOFCs, which entails reduced costs and reduced high-temperature induced defects, compared with conventional fabrication techniques. The Ni-YSZ anodes prepared by the electroless co-deposition technique without the addition of surfactant adhere well to the YSZ electrolyte before and after testing at 800°C in humidified hydrogen. Ni-YSZ anodes co-deposited with pore-forming starch showed twice the maximum power density compared with those without the starch. It has therefore been demonstrated that a porous Ni-YSZ cermet structure was successfully manufactured by means of an electroless plating technique incorporating pore formers followed by firing at 450°C in air. Although the use of surfactant (CTAB) increases the plating thickness, it induces the formation of a Ni-rich layer on the electrolyte/anode interface, leading to the delamination of anode most likely due to the mismatched TECs with the adjacent YSZ electrolyte.
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Chien, Chang-Yin. "Methane and Solid Carbon Based Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1299670407.

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Books on the topic "Platinum anode"

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Zahm, Lance Leon. Nuclear investigations of the eletrolysis of D₂O using palladium cathodes and platinum anodes. 1990.

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The World Market for Worked Nickel and Nickel Alloys Excluding Electro-Plating Anodes: A 2004 Global Trade Perspective. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The World Market for Worked Nickel and Nickel Alloys Excluding Electro-Plating Anodes: A 2007 Global Trade Perspective. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Platinum anode"

1

Rodriguez, Paramaconi, and Thomas J. Schmidt. "Platinum-Based Anode Catalysts for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells." In Encyclopedia of Applied Electrochemistry, 1606–17. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6996-5_209.

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Baruah, Bhagyalakhi, and Ashok Kumar. "Platinum-Free Anode Electrocatalysts for Methanol Oxidation in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells." In Ceramic and Specialty Electrolytes for Energy Storage Devices, 261–83. First edition. I Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021. I Includes bibliographical references and: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003144816-12.

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Lai, Bo-Kuai, A. C. Johnson, H. Xiong, C. Ko, and S. Ramanathan. "Exploratory Studies on Silicon-Based Oxide Fuel Cell Power Sources Incorporating Ultrathin Nanostructured Platinum and Cerium Oxide Films as Anode Components." In Future Trends in Microelectronics, 411–22. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470649343.ch34.

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Zhang, Ji-Guang, Wu Xu, and Wesley A. Henderson. "High Coulombic Efficiency of Lithium Plating/Stripping and Lithium Dendrite Prevention." In Lithium Metal Anodes and Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries, 45–152. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44054-5_3.

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Matsui, M. "CHAPTER 6. Mg Stripping and Plating at Magnesium Metal and Intermetallic Anodes." In Energy and Environment Series, 142–66. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788016407-00142.

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Viswanathan, B. "Platinum-based anode catalyst systems for direct methanol fuel cells." In Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Technology, 177–200. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-819158-3.00007-0.

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Huu Hieu, Nguyen. "Graphene-Based Material for Fabrication of Electrodes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." In Solar Cells [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93637.

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Graphene-based materials have been widely studied for the fabrication of electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The use of graphene in the cathode is to reduce the amount of platinum (Pt), which in turn is expected to reduce the production cost of DSSCs. Additionally, in the structure of cathode, graphene acts as a supporting material to reduce the particle sizes of Pt and helps to maintain the high efficiency of DSSCs. For anodes, graphene can provide a more effective electron transfer process, resulting in the improvement of efficiency of DSSCs. In this chapter, the use of graphene-based materials for fabrication of cathodes and anodes in DSSCs, including platinum/reduced graphene oxide composite (Pt/rGO) and zinc oxide/reduced graphene oxide composite (ZnO/rGO) is discussed. The fabricated DSSCs were tested using current density-voltage (J-V) curves to evaluate the efficiency. The results of efficiency demonstrate that Pt/rGO is the potential material for fabrication of cathode in DSSCs, which helps to reduce the amount of Pt and maintain the high efficiency. The efficiency values of DSSCs fabricated from ZnO/rGO anodes show that the incorporation of reduced graphene oxide in the ZnO could improve the performance of DSSCs.
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Balko, E. N. "Electrochemical Applications of the Platinum Group Metals: Platinum Group Metal Coated Anodes." In Chemistry of the Platinum Group Metals - Recent Developments, 267–301. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-88189-2.50015-8.

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DENNIS, J. K., and T. E. SUCH. "Electroplating baths and anodes used for industrial nickel deposition." In Nickel and Chromium Plating, 36–54. Elsevier, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-408-01124-2.50007-3.

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Dennis, J. K., and T. E. Such. "Electroplating baths and anodes used for industrial nickel deposition." In Nickel and Chromium Plating, 41–65. Elsevier, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845698638.41.

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Conference papers on the topic "Platinum anode"

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Sung, L. Y., Y. Y. Yan, H. S. Chu, R. J. Shyu, and F. Chen. "The Influence of Air-Bleeding on Co-Poisoning of PEM Fuel Cell." In ASME 2004 2nd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2004-2530.

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The PEM fuel cell has broad applications such as stationary power generation, transportation power sources and portable power generators. From commercial considerations, most anodes of PEM fuel cells use reformate gas as their fuels. However, reformate gas will have small content of carbon monoxide (CO) which will seriously poison platinum (Pt) catalyst electrode, and result in cell performance degradation significantly. The anode air-bleeding method is a preferable way to solve this CO-poisoning problem due to its simplicity, low cost and effectiveness. In this study, a test PEM fuel cell (single cell, active area 5cm × 5 cm) is assembled, its anode fuel uses hydrogen with 52.7ppm CO. Air-bleeding method then is applied to investigate and analyze the influence of CO poisoning on the performance of this PEM fuel cell.
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Zhou, Tianhong, and Hongtan Liu. "Performance Modeling of PEM Fuel Cell Operated on Reformate." In ASME 2003 1st International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2003-1724.

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A three-dimensional mathematical model of PEM fuel cell operated on reformate is developed based on our previous established fuel cell model (Zhou and Liu, 2001), by incorporating the adsorption and oxidation kinetics of CO on platinum surface proposed by Springer et al (1997, 2001). This model is capable of studying the effect of CO poisoning as well as the hydrogen dilution effect by inert gases. The adsorption and oxidation kinetics of CO on platinum surface are incorporated in the source terms of the species equations, thus basic form of the mathematical equations are the same as those used for PEM fuel cell operated on pure hydrogen. With this model, we can obtain detailed information on the CO poisoning and variation of CO and hydrogen concentrations inside the anode. The modeling results from this 3D model revealed many new phenomena that cannot be obtained from previous 1D or 2D models. The model can be used to provide guidance for anode design optimizations. In the paper, results of the effects of various operating and design parameters, such as anode flow rate, gas diffuser porosity, gas diffuser thickness, and the width of the collector plate shoulder, are also presented.
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Verma, A., A. K. Jha, and S. Basu. "Evaluation of an Alkaline Fuel Cell for Multi-Fuel System." In ASME 2004 2nd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2004-2538.

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The performance of an alkaline fuel cell is investigated using three different fuels, e g., methanol, ethanol and sodium borohydride. Pt/C/Ni was used as anode whereas Mn/C/Ni was used as standard (Electro-Chem-Technic, UK) cathode for all the fuels. Thus, the alkaline fuel cell is used for multi-fuel system. Fresh mixture of electrolyte, potassium hydroxide (5M), and fuel (2M) was fed to and withdrawn from the AFC at a rate of 1 ml/min. The anode was prepared by dispersing platinum and activated carbon in Nafion® (DuPont USA) dispersion and placing it onto a carbon paper (Lydall, USA). Finally prepared anode sheet was pressed onto Ni mesh and sintered to produce the required anode. The maximum power density of 16.5 mW/cm2 is obtained at 28 mA/cm2 of current density for sodium borohydride at 25 °C. Whereas, methanol produces 31.5 mW/cm2 of maximum power density at 44 mA/cm2 of current density at 60 °C.
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Chiu, Chuang-Pin, Peng-Yu Chen, and Che-Wun Hong. "Atomistic Analysis of Proton Diffusivity at Enzymatic Biofuel Cell Anode." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97136.

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This paper investigates the proton diffusion phenomenon between the anode catalyst and the electrode in an enzymatic bio-fuel cell. The bio-fuel cell uses enzymatic organism as the catalyst instead of the traditional noble metal, like platinum. The fuel is normally the glucose solution. The fuel cell is membrane-less and produces electricity from the reaction taken place in the organism. When the biochemical reaction occurs, the protons and electrons are released in the solution. The electrons are collected by the electrode plate and are transported to the cathode through an external circuit, while the protons migrate to the cathode by the way of diffusion. Unfortunately, protons are easy to dissipate in the solution because the enzyme is immersed in the neutral electrolyte. It is an important issue of how to collect the protons effectively. In order to investigate the diffusion process of the protons, a molecular dynamics simulation technique was developed. The simulation results track the transfer motion of the protons near the anode. The diffusivity was evaluated from the trajectory. The research concludes that the higher the glucose concentration, the better the proton diffusivity. The enzyme promotes the electrochemical reaction; however, it also plays an obstacle in the proton diffusion path.
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Ruf, H. J., B. J. Landi, and R. P. Raffaelle. "SWNT Enhanced PEM Fuel Cells." In ASME 2004 2nd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2004-2527.

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Considerable interest exists in the application of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) to proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Proposed applications include use as anode materials in both hydrogen and direct methanol fuel cells, solid polymer electrolyte additives, active cathode materials, and bipolar plate interconnects. SWNTs have extremely high electrical conductivity and catalytic surface areas which make them potentially outstanding active materials for PEMFC electrodes. Additionally the enhanced mechanical properties may play a roll in developing new fuel cell designs such as thin-film microelectronic fuel cells. In a previous study SWNTs were combined with commercially obtained E-TEK Vulcan XC-72 and Nafion® to produce composite cathode membranes. The addition of nanotubes resulted in enhanced fuel cell performance over an equivalent weight percent doping of E-TEK alone. This increased performance was achieved with a 50% reduction in the quantity of platinum present in the cathode. In the present study we investigate fuel cell performance when both the anode and cathode membranes contain graphite, platinum and SWNTs. The SWNTs were characterized by use of thermogravimetric analysis, Raman and UV/VIS/NIR spectroscopes as well as high resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy. Fuel cell performance was determined by comparison of the IV characteristics.
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Dhere, Neelkanth G., Anant H. Jahagirdar, Upendra S. Avachat, and Ankur A. Kadam. "Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting for Hydrogen Production Using Combination of CIGS2 Solar Cell and RuO2 Photocatalyst." In ASME 2004 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2004-65036.

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This paper presents the development of photoelectrochemical (PEC) setup using multiple bandgap combination of CuIn1−xGaxS2 (CIGS2) thin-film photovoltaic (PV) cell and ruthenium oxide (RuO2) photocatalyst. FSEC PV Materials Lab has developed a PEC setup consisting of two illuminated CIGS2 cells, a ruthenium oxide (RuO2) anode deposited on titanium sheet for oxygen evolution and a platinum foil cathode for hydrogen evolution. With this combination, a PEC efficiency of 4.29% has been achieved.
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Yang, Lijun, and Wallace Woon-Fong Leung. "Improvement of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells With Nanofiber-Based Anode." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64710.

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Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) has great advantages over conventional silicon-based photovoltaics as it is inexpensive, flexible, and transparent. Sun energy is used to excite the electron of the organic (ruthenium-polypyridine) dye from which the electron from the dye is injected into the anode made of titanium dioxide (TiO2). The excited electron enters the conduction band of the TiO2 and gets transmitted across the TiO2 nanoparticles (anode) to the FTO (Fluorine-doped tin-oxide) glass/electrode, which in turn go to the external circuit powering the electrical load. The electron returns to the device via the counter electrode coated with a platinum catalyst to the electrolyte, typically iodide/tri-iodide, wherein the iodide ions carry the electron back to regenerate the dye attached to the TiO2 nanofibers. Improvement can be made by using 60–120 nm diameter TiO2 nanofibers produced in our lab, for which electrons can be directly transferred to the FTO reducing the recombination rate. Also, the large surface-to-volume ratio of the nanofibers allows numerous sites for attachment of the organic dye molecules, thereby increasing the capture of sunlight. In order to achieve high conversion efficiency, several critical parameters need to be optimized with the nanofiber-based DSSC. In this study, we investigate the thickness of the anode (TiO2 nanofiber) on the conversion efficiency. The conversion efficiency of the DSSC in our laboratory can reach more than 7%. Other improvements are believed to further boost this efficiency.
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Siefert, Nicholas, and Gautam Ashok. "Exergy and Economic Analysis of Two Different Fuel Cell Systems for Generating Electricity at Waste Water Treatment Plants." In ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with the ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2012-91457.

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Generating electricity at wastewater treatment plants is a promising near-term application of fuel cell systems. The scale of most wastewater treatment plants is such that there is a good match with the scale of today’s fuel cell systems. This paper presents an exergy analysis and an economic comparison between two fuel cell systems that generate electricity at a wastewater treatment plant. The first process integrates an anaerobic digester (AD) with a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The SOFC was modeled using publicly-available data from the tests on the Rolls-Royce pressurized SOFC. The second process has the wastewater sent directly to a microbial fuel cell (MFC). An MFC is an electrochemical cell in which bacteria convert acetate, sugars and/or other chemicals into protons, electrons and carbon dioxide at the anode electrode. The MFC was modeled as a PEM fuel cell as used for vehicle applications, but with a few changes: (a) anaerobic bacteria, such as geobacter, grow directly on the surface of the anode electrode, (b) there is no anode gas diffusion layer (GDL), (c) iron pyrophyrin, rather than platinum, is used as the catalyst material on the anode, in addition to the bacteria, and (d) the Nafion electrolyte is replaced with a bipolar membrane in order to minimize the transfer of non-proton cations, such as Na+, from the anode to the cathode. The rest of the equipment in the MFC is the same as those in commercial vehicle PEM fuel cells in order to use recent DOE cost estimates for PEM fuel cell systems. In both cases, we generated V-i curves of SOFC and MFC-PEM systems from data available on a) PEM & SOFC electrolyte conductivity and b) anode and cathode exchange current densities, including the effect of platinum levels on the cathode exchange current density of PEM fuel cells. A full exergy analysis was conducted for both systems modeled. The power per inlet exergy will be presented as a function of the current density and the pressure of the fuel cell. Using various Department of Eneregy (DOE) cost estimates for fuel cell systems, we perform parametric studies for both the MFC and AD-SOFC systems in order to maximize the internal rate of return on investment (IRR). In the MFC case, we varied the platinum loading on the cathode in order to maximize the IRR, and in the AD-SOFC case, we varied the current density of the SOFC in order to maximize the IRR. Finally, we compare the IRR of the two systems modeled above with the IRR of an anaerobic digester integrated with a piston engine capable of operating on biogas, such as the GE Jenbacher. Using an electricity sale price of $80/MWh, the IRR of the AD-SOFC, the microbial fuel cell and the AD-piston engine were 9%/yr, 10%/yr and 2%/yr, respectively. This economic analysis suggests that further experimental research should be conducted on both the microbial fuel cell and the pressurized SOFC because both systems were able to generate attractive values of IRR at an electricity sale price close to the average industrial price of electricity in the US.
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Huang, Jing, Hafez Bahrami, and Amir Faghri. "Analysis of a Permselective Membrane-Free Alkaline Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64988.

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A physical model is developed to study the coupled mass and charge transport in a permselective membrane-free alkaline direct ethanol fuel cell. This type of fuel cell is not only free of expensive ion exchange membranes and platinum based catalysts, but also features a facile oxygen reduction reaction due to the presence of alkaline electrolyte. The proposed model is first validated by comparing its predictions to the experimental results from literature and then used to predict the overall performance of the cell and reveal the details of ion transport, distribution of electrolyte potential and current density. It is found that: (i) KOH concentration lower than 1 M notably impairs cell performance due to low electrolyte conductivity; (ii) the concentration gradient and electrical field are equally important in driving ion transport in the electrolyte; (iii) the current density distributions in the anode and cathode catalyst layers keep non-uniform due to different reasons. In the anode, it is caused by the ethanol concentration gradient, while in the cathode it is because of the electrolyte potential gradient; and (iv) at low cell voltage, current density distribution in the catalyst layer shows stronger non-linearity in the anode than in the cathode.
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Diloyan, Georgiy, and Parsaoran Hutapea. "Platinum Dissolution in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Under Mechanical Vibrations." In ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2011-54944.

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One of the factors that affect the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) is the loss of electrochemically active surface area of the Platinum (Pt) based electrocatalyst due to platinum dissolution and sintering. The intent of the current research is to understand the effect of mechanical vibrations on the Pt particles dissolution and overall PEMFC performance. This study is of great importance for the automotive application of fuel cells, since they operate under a vibrating environment. Carbon supported platinum plays an important role as an electrocatalyst in PEMFC. Pt particles, typically a few nanometers in size, are distributed on both cathode and anode sides. Pt particle dissolution and sintering is accelerated by a number of factors, one of which is potential cycling during fuel cell operation. To study the effect of mechanical vibrations on Pt dissolution and sintering, an electrocatalyst (from cathode side) was analyzed by SEM/EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy). The performance, dissolution and sintering of the Pt particles of 25 cm2 electrocatalyst coated membrane were studied during a series of tests. The experiment was conducted by running three accelerated tests. Each test duration was 300 hours, with different parameters of oscillations: one test without vibrations and remaining two tests under vibrations with frequencies of 20 Hz and 50 Hz (5g of magnitude) respectively. For each of the three tests a pristine membrane was used. The catalyst of each membrane was analyzed by ESEM/EDS in pristine state and in degraded state (after 300 hours of accelerated test). In order to specify the same area of observation on a catalyst before and after accelerated test, a relocation technique was used.
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