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1
Walsh, Toby. "Experiments in Social Media." AI Magazine 40, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v40i4.2868.
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Social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter permit experiments to be performed at minimal cost on populations of a size that scientists might previously have dreamed about. For instance, one experiment on Facebook involved more than 60 million subjects. Such large-scale experiments introduce new challenges as even small effects when multiplied by a large population can have a significant impact. Recent revelations about the use of social media to manipulate voting behavior compound such concerns. It is believed that the psychometric data used by Cambridge Analytica to target US voters was collected by Dr Aleksandr Kogan from Cambridge University using a personality quiz on Facebook. There is a real risk that researchers wanting to collect data and run experiments on social media platforms in the future will face a public backlash that hinders such studies from being conducted. We suggest that stronger safeguards are put in place to help prevent this, and ensure the public retain confidence in scientists using social media for behavioral and other studies.
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Elkarim, Ghassan Awad, Naif M. Alotaibi, Nardin Samuel, Shelly Wang, George M. Ibrahim, Aria Fallah, Alexander G. Weil, and Abhaya V. Kulkarni. "Social media networking in pediatric hydrocephalus: a point-prevalence analysis of utilization." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 20, no. 2 (August 2017): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2017.3.peds16552.
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OBJECTIVEA recent survey has shown that caregivers of children with shunt-treated hydrocephalus frequently use social media networks for support and information gathering. The objective of this study is to describe and assess social media utilization among users interested in hydrocephalus.METHODSPublicly accessible accounts and videos dedicated to the topic of hydrocephalus were comprehensively searched across 3 social media platforms (Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube) throughout March 2016. Summary statistics were calculated on standard metrics of social media popularity. A categorization framework to describe the purpose of pages, groups, accounts, channels, and videos was developed following the screening of 100 titles. Categorized data were analyzed using nonparametric tests for statistical significance.RESULTSThe authors’ search identified 30 Facebook pages, 213 Facebook groups, 17 Twitter accounts, and 253 YouTube videos. These platforms were run by patients, caregivers, nonprofit foundations, and patient support groups. Most accounts were from the United States (n = 196), followed by the United Kingdom (n = 31), Canada (n = 17), India (n = 15), and Germany (n = 12). The earliest accounts were created in 2007, and a peak of 65 new accounts were created in 2011. The total number of users in Facebook pages exceeded those in Facebook groups (p < 0.001). The majority of users in Facebook groups were in private groups, in contrast to public groups (p < 0.001). The YouTube videos with the highest median number of views were for surgical products and treatment procedures.CONCLUSIONSThis study presents novel observations into the characteristics of social media use in the topic of hydrocephalus. Users interested in hydrocephalus seek privacy for support communications and are attracted to treatment procedure and surgical products videos. These findings provide insight into potential avenues of hydrocephalus outreach, support, or advocacy in social media.
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Mutetwa, Stanley. "Baba Jukwa’s Facebook page: A possible counter hegemonic space for political transformation in Zimbabwe." Multilingual Margins: A journal of multilingualism from the periphery 2, no. 2 (November 8, 2018): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14426/mm.v2i2.76.
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This study focuses on how the Baba Jukwa Facebook page has been appropriated as a potential counter hegemonic space for the circulation of public opinion during the run up till post 2013 harmonised elections in Zimbabwe. This current study wishes to explore the role played by social media in Zimbabwe in the run up to the 2013 election especially on Facebook through participation on the Baba Jukwa page. Focus will be on the nature of the discourses in the posts and how the participants on the page engaged in debates around these posts. I will also interrogate how the discourses in the posts on the Baba Jukwa Facebook page were taken up by the main stream media and how it also clashed with dominant political discourses as enshrined in government publications and web-sites. This will shed light on the impact of the page and how it enlarged the public sphere in the country as a counter hegemonic platform.
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Steel, Griet. "Navigating (im)mobility: female entrepreneurship and social media in Khartoum." Africa 87, no. 2 (April 11, 2017): 233–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972016000930.
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AbstractThrough Facebook and other social media, a growing number of well-educated women in Khartoum are marketing and selling typically female personal care and beauty items online. These ‘tajirat al-Facebook’ (or Facebook traders) are the new entrepreneurs of Sudan who work from home to run their businesses and widen their social circles. Relying on the urban infrastructure of mobile phones, delivery boys, digital connectivity and online platforms, they navigate public life from the intimate sphere of the home orharemto become successful businesswomen who continuously transcend conventional gender norms and classic divisions between public and private, online and offline, and work and family. By addressing the day-to-day socio-economic practices of these traders, this article casts innovative light upon the broader discussions surrounding the role of women in economic life in Africa. It is argued that the mobile phone, and the smartphone in particular, has opened up a range of opportunities for women to enhance their social and economic manoeuvring space and to negotiate power within, and beyond, the domestic realm. New communications technologies have paved the way for a new kind of entrepreneurship in which the commercial goals of profit making are intimately entwined with the broader practices of sociality and diversion from boredom.
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Sandoval, Marisol. "Entrepreneurial Activism? Platform Cooperativism Between Subversion and Co-optation." Critical Sociology 46, no. 6 (November 13, 2019): 801–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920519870577.
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Platform cooperativism proposes to create an alternative to the corporate sharing economy based on a model of democratically owned and governed co-operatives. The idea sounds simple and convincing: cut out the corporate middleman and replace Uber with a service owned and managed by taxi drivers themselves, create a version of Airbnb run by cities, or turn Facebook into a platform democratically controlled by all users. This article discusses the ambivalences of platform cooperativism, exploring both the movement’s potentials to subvert digital capitalism from the inside and the risk of being co-opted by it. Platform cooperativism aims to foster social change by creating a People’s Internet and replacing corporate-owned platforms with user-owned co-operatives. It yokes social activism with business enterprise. As a result, the movement is shaped by tensions and contradiction between politics and enterprise, democracy and the market, commons and commercialisation, activism and entrepreneurship. This article explores these tensions based on a Marxist perspective on the corrosive powers of capitalist competition on the one hand and a Foucaultian critique of entrepreneurialism on the other. It concludes with a reflection on the politics of platform cooperativism, drawing out problematic implications of an uncritical embrace of entrepreneurialism and highlighting the need to defend a politics of social solidarity, equality and public goods.
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Chandan, K., A. Yadav, A. Chandra, and R. Mehrotra. "Using Social Media as an Effective Tool for Motivating Cancer Prevention." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 199s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.80500.
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Background: Cancer is among leading cause of death (8.8 million) worldwide. Around 14.2 million new cases were recorded in 2012 and increasing each year. On the other hand there are about 2.8 billion users of different social media platforms (i.e., 37% of the world population). This tremendous power of social media can be used for disseminating effective information and communication on cancer prevention more efficiently (i.e., in less time to more people) to create awareness against the disease. Tobacco, alcohol and food industry have been using social media for aggressive advertising and marketing of their products. There is an urgent need to maximally use this medium of communication for advancing cancer prevention globally. Aim: To assess the role of social media in implementing effective health promotion strategies to advance cancer prevention. Methods: Extensive Web search has been done on the way social media (e.g., Facebook) is used for advancing public health communication and how it has been leveraged in the field of cancer prevention. Several Facebook pages and groups, YouTube channels were analyzed thoroughly. Various reports and articles on social media have been reviewed and analyzed. Results: Social media has been found very effective in terms of engaging greater number of population globally. Many Facebook pages and groups are available that provide information regarding specific cancer or provide support for cancer survivors. Several informative videos related to cancer prevention and survivors' stories are broadcast on various YouTube channels run by individuals, government, and nongovernment organizations. There have been many Instagram accounts on cancer but many of them don't provide relevant information on cancer prevention. However, genuine and relevant information are available through several Twitter handles. These social media platforms have very high penetration power. Facebook, YouTube, Instagram and Twitter have monthly reach to more than 1871, 1000, 500 and 263 million users respectively. This large number of user base can become a great source of spreading information on various aspects of cancer prevention through a comprehensive social media campaign. Conclusion: Social media platforms improve outreach and can also help carrying the relevant preventive health messages on cancer prevention, not only for the cancer patient but the public at large. Social media will help in amplifying the messages to the global mass while motivating prevention and health promotion to achieve public health objectives.
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So, Joseph Chi Ho, and Siu Yuen Lam. "Using Social Networks Communication Platform for Promoting Student-Initiated Holistic Development Among Students." International Journal of Information Systems in the Service Sector 6, no. 1 (January 2014): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisss.2014010101.
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This article follows previous research works on the possibility of applying online social networks for educational purposes, and mainly focuses on how Facebook is being used as a platform to communicate among students of a student development project run by a local tertiary institute in Hong Kong which aimed to facilitate promotion and foster participation and interaction. The study takes on the perspectives from 7 student coaches and evaluate on the positive achievement as well as difficulties in promoting self-initiated holistic development via Facebook from 2011 to 2013. The study shows that instant interaction between participants and student coaches via Facebook leads to faster and more effective information circulation compared to traditional communication channels such as email, posters or bulletins. However, the lack of proactive discussions initiated by participants themselves, and the difficulties in establishing and maintaining active interactions between coaches and participants had been observed. Such passive practice by participants has hindered the effectiveness of fostering self-initiated holistic development.
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Arisena, Gede Mekse Korri, I. Nyoman Gede Ustriyana, and Anak Agung Inten Trisna. "Pre-Seed, Seed, and Start-Up Business on the Vegetable Seller e-Commerce User in Bali Province." SOCA: Jurnal Sosial, Ekonomi Pertanian 14, no. 3 (June 27, 2020): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/soca.2020.v14.i03.p14.
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Today, many efforts prepared to improve the scope of the agricultural commodity product marketing segment to make the consumer and farmer could enjoy it properly. One of those effort completed by building an e-Commerce based agricultural trading system. This study aimed to assess the pre-seed, seed and start-up business on the vegetable seller e-Commerce user in Bali Province. This study done on the e-Commerce platforms: Facebook, Instagram, Tokopedia, and Shopee that used by the vegetable seller e-Commerce user in Bali Province. There were 30 participants involved in this study. Qualitative descriptive analysis with simple data tabulation used to address the study aim. Results showed that the pre-seed business developed due to the owner’s hobby in the agricultural area and environmental factors that drove them to run an agribusiness. On the step of the seed business, the vegetable seller started the business according to their will. Most of the sellers still used social media-based e-commerce with a simple application module. They expect to develop a complete module system to run their e-Commerce based business in the future.
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Li, Simin. "Native History and Nation Building on Personal Online Platform: Implications in Hong Kong Context." Social Sciences 8, no. 2 (February 16, 2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8020060.
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Nationalism in the era of social media is more complex and presents new opportunities and challenges in different levels and contexts. Therefore, the paper hopes to contribute to understanding the roles of social media in identity presentation and formation in a transition society. Writing on Facebook is a civil practice. Thus, it chooses a typical and clear-cut Facebook fan page “Hong Kong National History” run by a nationalist and followed by over 5700 fans as a case study. Posts of the fan page are collected from 1 April to 31 December in 2017, and it analyzes the contents and forms of posts with content analysis. Then, the self-made digital publication “Hong Kong People’s History of the Thousand Years” attached to the fan page is analyzed with narrative analysis. Through the personal systematic discourses, this paper presents a special mode of user-generated content online and a civic Hong Kong story.
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Abeywardena, Ishan Sudeera, and Tham Choy Yoong. "Implementation of Facebook study groups as supplements for learning management systems in adult ODL environments." Asian Association of Open Universities Journal 7, no. 1 (September 1, 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaouj-07-01-2012-b001.
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As an open and distance learning (ODL) institution, Wawasan Open University (WOU) employs a blended approach for delivering courses to its undergraduate and postgraduate students, who are entirely adult learners. In this approach, the use of a learning management system (LMS) is absolutely crucial for student support as well as the enhancement of the whole learning experience to compensate for the lack of face-to-face interaction between the students and the academics. WawasanLearn, the open source, Moodle-based LMS system used by WOU, is a comprehensive online tool that enables students and academics to effectively interact in a virtual environment. However, analysis of data from several semesters shows that the rate of student interaction on WawasanLearn is low with respect to the sharing of knowledge. In order to qualitatively and quantitatively identify the factors contributing to the student participation rate in WawasanLearn, a survey was conducted among the undergraduate students studying in various disciplines including science and technology, business administration, liberal studies, education, languages and communication. Feedback regarding the manner of support students expect from WawasanLearn was gathered from close to 550 students throughout Malaysia. Another purpose of the survey was to identify whether and why students are drawn to participate more frequently in social networking platforms such as Facebook (facebook.com). As a result of the findings of the survey, a pilot project was implemented to study the use of Facebook groups as study groups for supplementing WawasanLearn. These study groups were run in parallel to WawasanLearn for seven course modules over two consecutive semesters. This paper discusses the findings of this pilot project with respect to the implementation of Facebook groups as supplements to the LMS in an adult ODL environment.
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Kumar Reddy, Naveen, and Nicholas Blondin. "INNV-23. GLIOBLASTOMA AND FACEBOOK: AN ANALYSIS OF PERCEIVED ETIOLOGIES AND TREATMENTS." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_6 (November 2019): vi135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz175.566.
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Abstract Facebook has become one of the most widely used platforms by patients and caregivers for information on GBM. As such, physicians treating GBM are challenged with reconciling their medical advice with online media sources. In many cases, the information from these online sources can run counter to the advice given by physicians. OBJECTIVE This study sought to understand the type of information being shared on a popular GBM Facebook community titled, “GLIOBLASTOMA SURVIVORS TO THRIVERS!” with regards to 1. The perceived causes of GBM and 2. The therapies that led to GBM remission. METHODS All the posts in a 30-day period (5/01/2019-6/01/2019) were screened for information on GBM etiologies and GBM therapies. Within each group, posts were sorted into distinct sub-categories with posts of similar content. The sub-categories were ranked to determine which etiologies and therapies were most commonly seen by group members. RESULTS A total of 83 posts were on the topic of “GBM Etiologies” and 80 on the topic of “GBM Therapies.” Within the “GBM Etiologies”, the reasons for developing GBM were due to 1. Unknown (31.3%) 2. Previous Radiation Exposure (24.1%) 3. Chemical Exposure (17%) 4. Genetic (12%) 5. Infectious Disease (6%) 6. Losartan/Valsartan (4.8 %). and 7. Head Trauma (2.4%) and Emotional Trauma (2.4%). Within the GBM Therapy category, the therapies that led to remission were 1. Standard of Care (36.3%) 2. CBD/THC (16.3%) 3. Ketogenic Diet (12.5%) 4. Avastin (7.5%) and Optune (7.5%) 5. IV Vitamin C (6.25%) and COC Protocol (6.25%) 6. Meditation/Yoga/Acupuncture (5.0%) and 7. Faith Healing (2.5%). CONCLUSION In the Facebook group titled, ““GLIOBLASTOMA SURVIVORS TO THRIVERS!,” the top three most commonly posted reasons for developing GBM were “Unknown” “Previous Radiation Exposure” and “Chemical Exposure.” The top three therapies that led to remission were “Standard of Care” “CBD/THC” and “Ketogenic Diet.”
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Zagórska, Martyna Małgorzata. "DZIENNIKARZE W MEDIACH SPOŁECZNOŚCIOWYCH. STUDIUM PRZYPADKU – PROFILE KRZYSZTOFA SKÓRZYŃSKIEGO (FAKTY TVN) NA FACEBOOKU I TWITTERZE." Civitas et Lex 3, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/cetl.1918.
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Newspaper, radio and television editorial teams now run their accounts on social networkingwebsites. They are, without a doubt, one of many ways of promotion for the journalists andtheir materials. The author of the article took into comparison one month’s worth of activity ofa journalist Krzysztof Skórzyński in social media on two platforms: Twitter and Facebook and choseOctober 2013 as the time the analysis was undertaken. The process of comparing the gatheredmaterial was an attempt to demonstrate which medium was used more frequently by KrzysztofSkórzyński. In addition, by comparing the statements on both websites the relationship in thesubjects of the published materials could also be noticed. During the time the research took placeKrzysztof Skórzyński served his duty hours in the Fakty news desk for 18 days. It means that hewas responsible for the preparation of 18 news items broadcast on TVN in the main news coverageprogramme. By dint of the recordings gathered by the author of the article it can be observed whichnews item had been prepared by the journalist on a given day and to what degree it correlated withSkórzyński’s entries on his social media profi les.
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Păvăloaia, Vasile-Daniel, Ionuț-Daniel Anastasiei, and Doina Fotache. "Social Media and E-mail Marketing Campaigns: Symmetry versus Convergence." Symmetry 12, no. 12 (November 25, 2020): 1940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12121940.
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Companies use social business intelligence (SBI) to identify and collect strategically significant information from a wide range of publicly available data sources, such as social media (SM). This study is an SBI-driven analysis of a company operating in the insurance sector. It underlines the contribution of SBI technology to sustainable profitability of a company by using an optimized marketing campaign on Facebook, in symmetry with a traditional e-mail campaign. Starting from a campaign on SM, the study identified a client portfolio, processed data, and applied a set of statistical methods, such as the index and the statistical significance (T-test), which later enabled the authors to validate research hypotheses (RH), and led to relevant business decisions. The study outlines the preferences of the selected group of companies for the manner in which they run a marketing campaign on SM in symmetry with an e-mail-run campaign. Although the study focused on the practical field of insurance, the suggested model can be used by any company of any industry proving that BI technologies is the nexus of collecting and interpreting results that are essential, globally applicable, and lead to sustainable development of companies operating in the age of globalization. The results of the study prove that symmetrical unfolding (time and opportunity symmetry) of SM marketing campaigns, and using email, could lead to better results compared to two separate marketing campaigns. Moreover, the outcomes of both campaigns showed convergence on SBI platforms, which led to higher efficiency of management of preferences of campaign beneficiaries in the insurance sector.
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Alenezi, Mohammed N., and Zainab M. Alqenaei. "Machine Learning in Detecting COVID-19 Misinformation on Twitter." Future Internet 13, no. 10 (September 23, 2021): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi13100244.
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Social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter are an inevitable part of our daily lives. These social media platforms are effective tools for disseminating news, photos, and other types of information. In addition to the positives of the convenience of these platforms, they are often used for propagating malicious data or information. This misinformation may misguide users and even have dangerous impact on society’s culture, economics, and healthcare. The propagation of this enormous amount of misinformation is difficult to counter. Hence, the spread of misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and its treatment and vaccination may lead to severe challenges for each country’s frontline workers. Therefore, it is essential to build an effective machine-learning (ML) misinformation-detection model for identifying the misinformation regarding COVID-19. In this paper, we propose three effective misinformation detection models. The proposed models are long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, which is a special type of RNN; a multichannel convolutional neural network (MC-CNN); and k-nearest neighbors (KNN). Simulations were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed models in terms of various evaluation metrics. The proposed models obtained superior results to those from the literature.
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Pavlov, A. K., A. Meyer, A. Rösel, L. Cohen, J. King, P. Itkin, J. Negrel, et al. "Does Your Lab Use Social Media?: Sharing Three Years of Experience in Science Communication." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 99, no. 6 (June 2018): 1135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-17-0195.1.
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AbstractEffective science communication is essential to share knowledge and recruit the next generation of researchers. Science communication to the general public can, however, be hampered by limited resources and a lack of incentives in the academic environment. Various social media platforms have recently emerged, providing free and simple science communication tools to reach the public and young people especially, an audience often missed by more conventional outreach initiatives. While individual researchers and large institutions are present on social media, smaller research groups are underrepresented. As a small group of oceanographers, sea ice scientists, and atmospheric scientists at the Norwegian Polar Institute, we share our experience establishing, developing, and maintaining a successful Arctic science communication initiative (@oceanseaicenpi) on Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook. The initiative is run entirely by a team of researchers with limited time and financial resources. It has built a broad audience of more than 7,000 followers, half of which is associated with the team’s Instagram account. To our knowledge, @oceanseaicenpi is one of the most successful Earth sciences Instagram accounts managed by researchers. The initiative has boosted the alternative metric scores of our publications and helped participating researchers become better writers and communicators. We hope to inspire and help other research groups by providing some guidelines on how to develop and conduct effective science communication via social media.
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Teo, Alan R., Samuel BL Liebow, Benjamin Chan, Steven K. Dobscha, and Amanda L. Graham. "Reaching Those At Risk for Psychiatric Disorders and Suicidal Ideation: Facebook Advertisements to Recruit Military Veterans." JMIR Mental Health 5, no. 3 (July 5, 2018): e10078. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/10078.
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Background Younger military veterans are at high risk for psychiatric disorders and suicide. Reaching and engaging veterans in mental health care and research is challenging. Social media platforms may be an effective channel to connect with veterans. Objective This study tested the effectiveness of Facebook advertisements in reaching and recruiting Iraq and Afghanistan-era military veterans in a research study focused on mental health. Methods Facebook ads requesting participation in an online health survey ran for six weeks in 2017. Ads varied imagery and headlines. Validated instruments were used to screen for psychiatric disorders and suicidality. Outcomes included impressions, click-through rate, survey completion, and cost per survey completed. Results Advertisements produced 827,918 impressions, 9,527 clicks, and 587 survey completions. Lack of enrollment in Veterans Affairs health care (193/587, 33%) and positive screens for current mental health problems were common, including posttraumatic stress disorder (266/585, 45%), problematic drinking (243/584, 42%), major depression (164/586, 28%), and suicidality (132/585, 23%). Approximately half of the survey participants (285/587, 49%) were recruited with just 2 of the 15 ads, which showed soldiers marching tied to an “incentive” or “sharing” headline. These 2 ads were also the most cost-effective, at US $4.88 and US $5.90 per participant, respectively. Among veterans with current suicidal ideation, the survey-taking image resulted in higher survey completion than the soldiers marching image (P=.007). Conclusions Facebook advertisements are effective in rapidly and inexpensively reaching military veterans, including those at risk for mental health problems and suicidality, and those not receiving Veterans Affairs health care. Advertisement image and headlines may help optimize the effectiveness of advertisements for specific subgroups.
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Kumar, Praveen, Sara Mohsen, Oksana Zinchenko, Philip Verde, Kathleen Breslin, Alice Judge, and Sridevi Shanmugam. "Impact of online group studying for the MRCPsych A exam amongst international doctors logging-in from 7 countries." BJPsych Open 7, S1 (June 2021): S265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.706.
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AimsRecently, global-remote group studying has been made possible via digital video conferencing platforms. In preparation for the December 2020 MRCPsych part A exam, a study group was formed comprising 30 International Medical Gaduates (IMG) logging-in from different countries via 3 hour Zoom-study sessions hosted daily from 28th September until 12th December 2020 (1800-2100 GMT time). This study demonstrates the impact of online group study in preparation for the MRCPsych A exam for s via data collected through questionnaires.MethodThe data of the study were collected through the questionnaires given to the group study members containing a total of 17 questions, 5 of which were open-ended.The participants totalled 30 International Doctors who responded to an advertisement to form an online study group on Facebook. They logged-in for the sessions from seven different countries: Malaysia, India, Bangladesh, Ireland, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, and the United Kingdom. The participants represented different working grades incuding experiences in psychiatry ranging from 0 to 5 years.Data were analysed using percentage. The answers given to the open-ended questions were each examined using descriptive interpretation methods.ResultThematic analysis demonstrated that online group study made learning faster and easier. 96.6% support using online study sessions for future exams citing that they fostered cooperation, respect for diverse opinions and motivation for regular studying. 93.1% and partly 6.9% found the experience enjoyable and enabled the cultivation of different ideas. Indeed, 89.7% relied on it as a big part of their preparation with 26 saying it contributed to their passing of the exam success.Almost three quarter of participants in the group also forged friendships and a sense of trust. It also became a platform for expressing opinions comfortably and developing communication and interpersonal skills.Different working hours and time zones represented a challenge with most linking in at odd hours. Cultural differences were ultimately accepted including aspects of delivery of information which made a few participants appear abrupt.ConclusionWith the ease in which social media connects us on a global scale, online study groups connecting IMGs from various backgrounds and diverse cultures not only makes exam preparations stimulating and easier to pass but also fosters interpersonal skills and connections that would be an asset in the long run.
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Dasgupta, Rohit K., and Debanuj Dasgupta. "Intimate Subjects and Virtual Spaces: Rethinking Sexuality as a Category for Intimate Ethnographies." Sexualities 21, no. 5-6 (March 30, 2017): 932–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363460716677285.
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Social networking sites and digital technologies have created opportunities for young people in India to establish virtual intimate connections. In this article, the authors analyze the intimate exchanges between young men on two different digital platforms – Facebook and Planet Romeo. An analysis of the intimate virtual exchanges reveals technologies of queer neoliberal subject formation within contemporary India. Queer neoliberal subject formation refers to the emergence of a sexual subject of rights, one that is a consumer-citizen within the Indian free-market economy. The article highlights two ways in which bodies are being queered within present day India. First, the authors discuss the case of run-away young men, whose bodies are marked as failure, a kind of ‘delinquent’ subject by an ensemble of state and civil-society formations. The young men are escaping violence from male elders, and poor living conditions in peri-urban Kolkata. Their bodies come to signify a queer figure within neoliberal notions of success and enterprise. Second, they interrogate the ways in which homosexuality is an emergent juridico–political category in India. The Supreme Court of India ruling on 11 December 2013, which reinstated the anti-sodomy provisions of the Indian Penal Code (IPC 377), is the site for the sedimentation of ‘homosexual’ as a subject of legal rights. The homosexual is being presented as a subject of conjugal love. Conjugality is represented as a private good, as the right to consume intimacy within private space. Representation of intimacy and celebration of conjugal love is found through the growth of dating websites in India along with the proliferation of media texts such as memes, poems and illustrative images found online commemorating conjugality. Our ethnographic analysis of the virtual exchanges among runaway young men and young gay identified men reveal how neoliberal subject formation in India remains incomplete.
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Ahmed, Kelli L., Andrea R. Simon, Jack R. Dempsey, Rodney C. Samaco, and Robin P. Goin-Kochel. "Evaluating Two Common Strategies for Research Participant Recruitment Into Autism Studies: Observational Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 9 (September 24, 2020): e16752. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16752.
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Background Ongoing research is necessary to better understand the causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the developmental outcomes for individuals diagnosed with ASD, and the efficacy of the interventions. However, it is often difficult to recruit sufficient numbers of participants for studies, and despite the prevalence of ASD (currently estimated to affect 1 in 54 children), little research has focused on how to efficiently recruit participants with ASD. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of two different paid advertisements—social media and radio advertising—in recruiting participants for a study enrolling people with ASD and their family members by examining the number of participants enrolled, the cost per participant, and the geographic reach of each type of advertising. Methods We examined participant enrollment in a study following nonoverlapping paid advertisements on a popular FM radio station (aired in three cities across two states) and Facebook (six advertisements that ran in five cities across two states). The total paid investment in the radio campaign was $12,030 and that in the Facebook campaign was $2950. Following the advertising campaigns, 1391 participants in the study who were affiliated with the Houston, Texas, site received email invitations to participate in a brief survey about the ways in which they learned about the study (eg, social media, medical provider, website) and which of these were most influential in their decisions to participate; 374 (26.8%) of the participants completed this survey. Results Social media advertising outperformed radio in all three parameters examined by enrolling more participants (338 vs 149), with a lower average cost per participant ($8.73 vs $80.74) and a wider geographic reach, based on a comparison of the number of zip codes within and outside of Texas for questionnaire respondents who rated social media as the most influential method of contact (n=367, χ21=5.85, P=.02). Of the 374 survey participants, 139 (37.2%) reported that they had seen the study on social media prior to enrollment, while only 9 (2.4%) said they heard about it via radio. Conclusions Our findings suggest that advertising on social media can efficiently reach a large pool of potential participants with ASD, increasing the likelihood of meeting study enrollment goals. Researchers should consider allocating at least some portion of recruitment dollars to social media platforms as a means of quickly and inexpensively reaching out to their target populations, including for studies with in-person procedures.
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Cochrane, Kelsey, Crystal Karakochuk, Chantal Mayer, Angela Devlin, Rajavel Elango, and Jennifer Hutcheon. "Assessing the Effectiveness of Targeted Social Media and Printed Posters as Tools to Recruit Pregnant Women to a Nutrition Trial in Vancouver, Canada." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa056_012.
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Abstract Objectives To assess the effectiveness of targeted advertising on two social media platforms (Facebook and Instagram) compared to printed posters as tools to recruit pregnant women to a clinical trial. Methods Between September 2019 and January 2020 (16 weeks), 200 posters were distributed and three 10-day online campaigns were run. Online campaigns were targeted to reach pregnant women 19–42 years in Vancouver, Canada. A total of $225 was spent on online ads and $170 on printing posters. Outcomes described for each recruitment strategy include total reach (individuals who saw the ad), total inquiries and resulting enrollments. The odds of enrollment after inquiring from each strategy was evaluated with an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Enrollments per week were calculated by dividing enrollments per group by the time frame of each strategy. Cost per enrollment was calculated by dividing enrollments in each group by their total cost. Results A total of 104 respondents inquired about participation, of whom 22.1% (n = 23) enrolled. Social media campaigns reached 7162 women. Of women reached, 1.2% (n = 84) inquired; 13% (n = 11) of those who inquired enrolled (∼2.5 enrollments/week). The total reach of the posters is unknown, but 16 women inquired after seeing the poster and 56% (n = 9) of these women enrolled (∼0.5 enrollments/week). The remaining 3 enrollments were via word of mouth. The odds of enrollment after seeing a poster was 8.5 times higher than after seeing an online ad (OR = 8.5, 95% CI 2.24–32.4). We speculate that this was because women who took down information from a poster and later inquired were more serious about enrolling than those who could immediately respond to an online ad via an e-mail link. However, online ads were more efficient than distribution of posters, requiring less manual labour and resulting in more enrollments per week. Cost per enrollment was similar between groups (∼$20 for online ads and ∼$19 for posters). Conclusions Online advertising was more efficient and led to higher total enrollment as compared to poster recruitment, despite the fact that women were less likely to enroll after seeing an online ad as compared to a poster. Costs were relatively similar for use of both tools. Funding Sources Healthy Starts Catalyst Grant (BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada).
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Watach, A. J., C. T. Bishop-Gilyard, H. Ku, O. Afolabi-Brown, E. Parks Prout, and M. Xanthopoulos. "0888 A Peer-Based Social Media Intervention to Promote Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Adherence in Adolescents With Obstructive Sleep Apnea." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.884.
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Abstract Introduction Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) adherence in adolescents with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is suboptimal. This study evaluated an innovative CPAP adherence intervention for adolescents and their caregivers delivered via private Facebook groups. Study aims: (1) determine feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and (2) assess CPAP use pre- and post-intervention. Methods A pilot cohort study design was employed (N=6 dyads). Intervention included psychoeducation, CPAP use downloads/feedback, promoting peer-engagement through posts, videos, and polls. Adolescent and caregiver groups ran separately and simultaneously over 4-weeks. Measures: demographics, engagement/participation data, CPAP use, semi-structured interviews. Analysis: descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis. Results Adolescents were Black/African American (100%), males (100%) with a median age of 16 years (range 13-17). Caregivers (n=6) were mothers (67%) and fathers (33%) with a median age of 47 years (range 38-55). Caregivers were more engaged with the intervention than adolescents, viewing content 65%, 75%, 85%, 90%, and 100% (n=2) of days versus adolescents who viewed content 0%, 20% (n=2), 40%, 75% and 100%. Semi-structured interviews revealed the intervention was perceived positively; learning/expanded knowledge, gaining a sense of community, and enjoyment in the opportunity to help others were commonly identified. Interview feedback revealed utilizing a different social media platform may be more beneficial for adolescent engagement. Participants noted the intervention promoted conversations between the adolescent and caregiver, and 4/6 teens cited increased motivation to use CPAP. Average CPAP use increased in 50% of participants (n=3); 33% (n=2) sustained their use, and one decreased use. Conclusion Participants consistently noted appreciation for knowledge gained and sense of community derived from the intervention. This study supports the potential utilization of social media platforms to not only provide reliable OSA/CPAP education but to also promote peer-engagement. Given the acceptability and increased CPAP use in this small sample, a larger trial is indicated. Support Lead author receives support from NIH/NHLBI Award T32 HL07953. Videos included in intervention supported by The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Metabolism, Nutrition and Development Research Affinity Group Pilot and Feasibility Grant.
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Pechmann, Cornelia, Connor Phillips, Douglas Calder, and Judith J. Prochaska. "Facebook Recruitment Using Zip Codes to Improve Diversity in Health Research: Longitudinal Observational Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 6 (June 5, 2020): e17554. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17554.
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Background Facebook’s advertising platform reaches most US households and has been used for health-related research recruitment. The platform allows for advertising segmentation by age, gender, and location; however, it does not explicitly allow for targeting by race or ethnicity to facilitate a diverse participant pool. Objective This study looked at the efficacy of zip code targeting in Facebook advertising to reach blacks/African Americans and Hispanics/Latinos who smoke daily for a quit-smoking web-based social media study. Methods We ran a general market campaign for 61 weeks using all continental US zip codes as a baseline. Concurrently, we ran 2 campaigns to reach black/African American and Hispanic-/Latino-identified adults, targeting zip codes ranked first by the percentage of households of the racial or ethnic group of interest and then by cigarette expenditure per household. We also ran a Spanish language campaign for 13 weeks, targeting all continental US zip codes but utilizing Facebook’s Spanish language targeting. The advertising images and language were common across campaigns. Costs were compared for advertisement clicks, queries, applications, and participants, and yields were compared for the final three outcomes. We examined outcomes before and after the Cambridge Analytica scandal that broke in March 2018. Finally, we examined 2 promoted Facebook features: lookalike audiences and audience network placement. Results Zip code targeting campaigns were effective for yielding the racial or ethnic groups of interest. The black-/African American–focused versus general market campaign increased black/African American weekly queries (mean 9.48, SD 5.69 vs general market mean 2.83, SD 2.05; P<.001) and applicants (mean 1.11, SD 1.21 vs general market mean 0.54, SD 0.58; P<.001). The Hispanic-/Latino-focused versus general market campaign increased Hispanic/Latino weekly queries (mean 3.10, SD 2.16 vs general market mean 0.71, SD 0.48; P<.001) and applicants (mean 0.36, SD 0.55 vs general market mean 0.10, SD 0.14; P=.001). Cost metrics did not differ between campaigns at generating participants (overall P=.54). Costs increased post- versus prescandal for the black-/African American–focused campaign for queries (mean US $8.51, SD 3.08 vs US $5.87, SD 1.89; P=.001) and applicants (mean US $59.64, SD 35.63 vs US $38.96, SD 28.31; P=.004) and for the Hispanic-/Latino-focused campaign for queries (mean US $9.24, SD 4.74 vs US $7.04, SD 3.39; P=.005) and applicants (mean US $61.19, SD 40.08 vs US $38.19, SD 21.20; P=.001). Conclusions Zip code targeting in Facebook advertising is an effective way to recruit diverse populations for health-based interventions. Audience network placement should be avoided. The Facebook lookalike audience may not be necessary for recruitment, with drawbacks including an unknown algorithm and unclear use of Facebook user data, and so public concerns around data privacy should be considered. Trial Registration ClinicalTrial.gov NCT02823028; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02823028
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Mazúr, Ján, and Mária T. Patakyová. "Regulatory Approaches to Facebook and Other Social Media Platforms: Towards Platforms Design Accountability." Masaryk University Journal of Law and Technology 13, no. 2 (September 30, 2019): 219–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/mujlt2019-2-4.
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The paper represents a contribution to the ongoing discussion on regulating social media platforms (SMP) and especially Facebook, mostly fueled by a recent series of scandals such as Cambridge Analytica, which highlighted the recognized problem of Facebook’s lack of accountability. In response to the scandal, which coincided with long-expected wide-scale implementation of the EU’s GDPR, Facebook introduced a series of measures on its platform, such as improved traceability of advertisers, or greater power over one’s own data. Besides, Facebook was put under scrutiny of competition law authorities, mainly the German Bundeskartellamt. Taking into consideration all the regulatory approaches, the question remains whether sufficiently effective design for holding the SMPs accountable has been established or not. In the paper, we first outline the accountability issues SMPs currently face, namely the data handling and privacy issue, the platforms’ impact on political processes, or related monopolistic positioning. We ascertain that common denominator of these issues is the platforms’ design, which is created to achieve business objectives, while imposing substantial negative externalities on the society. Alongside, we review the platforms’ reactions, i.e. the self-regulatory measures adopted by the platforms in 2017–2018. We also specifically focus on the evaluation of the competition law as one instrument of regulating certain aspects of the platforms, especially in light of the recent German Bundeskartellamt decision on Facebook. We claim that most of the measures and current instruments, although improving the lack of accountability, fall short of addressing the core issue of Facebook’s status – absence of scrutiny over the platform’s design.
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Yang, Kai-Cheng, Francesco Pierri, Pik-Mai Hui, David Axelrod, Christopher Torres-Lugo, John Bryden, and Filippo Menczer. "The COVID-19 Infodemic: Twitter versus Facebook." Big Data & Society 8, no. 1 (January 2021): 205395172110138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20539517211013861.
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The global spread of the novel coronavirus is affected by the spread of related misinformation—the so-called COVID-19 Infodemic—that makes populations more vulnerable to the disease through resistance to mitigation efforts. Here, we analyze the prevalence and diffusion of links to low-credibility content about the pandemic across two major social media platforms, Twitter and Facebook. We characterize cross-platform similarities and differences in popular sources, diffusion patterns, influencers, coordination, and automation. Comparing the two platforms, we find divergence among the prevalence of popular low-credibility sources and suspicious videos. A minority of accounts and pages exert a strong influence on each platform. These misinformation “superspreaders” are often associated with the low-credibility sources and tend to be verified by the platforms. On both platforms, there is evidence of coordinated sharing of Infodemic content. The overt nature of this manipulation points to the need for societal-level solutions in addition to mitigation strategies within the platforms. However, we highlight limits imposed by inconsistent data-access policies on our capability to study harmful manipulations of information ecosystems.
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Rai, A. "EVALUATING THE IMAGE OF HEALTHCARE HUBS ONLINE – A CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF GOOGLE AND FACE BOOK REVIEWS OF PRIVATE HOSPITALS OF KOLKATA, EASTERN INDIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5 (November 27, 2018): 893–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-893-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The purpose of this paper is to map perceived image of major healthcare hubs of Kolkata, Eastern India. Kolkata as the gateway of Eastern India is a favourite destination among the migrating patients of South Asia while travelling outside the city to access better healthcare opportunity is the common among locales of the city. Acknowledging the significance of crowed-sourced platform and significance of social media data mining this study examines the differences among the perception between medical tourists and local visitors seeking healthcare at the major hospitals of the Kolkata, Eastern India. This study used both quantitative and qualitative data to identify the virtual image of the major healthcare hubs of the Kolkata. Through extensive field visit the major medical hubs of the city has been demarcated. The Google and Facebook reviews of these individual hospitals have been collected for the period 2013&ndash;2017 for the detailed analysis. Perceptions of both inbound medical tourists and local visitors have been taken into consideration to evaluate the online image of the major medical tourism hubs of the city. The results reveals the significance of the social data mining in evaluating the quality healthcare infrastructure of the city. The growing field of medical tourism around the world has high demand for database to formulate public policy and to deliver high service quality to the medical travellers without compromising the need of neighbourhood community. This study uniquely highlights the dual role of internet and GIS that could together strengthen the medical tourism information system for the prospective consumer and at the same time provides significance of the crowd-sourced database with field validation that could be used by professionals and policy maker for sustenance of medical tourism which will strengthen the healthcare sector of the city in long run.</p>
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Roedenbeck, Marc R. H., and Manfred Lieb. "Continually harvesting the crowds." Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship 20, no. 2 (October 15, 2018): 147–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrme-11-2016-0047.
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PurposeThis paper aims to investigate how a small business is able to continually use entrepreneurial financial sources (i.e. crowdfunding) within and after a successful transformation from an entrepreneur. It additionally investigates how a market incumbent is able to successfully join the market of entrepreneurial financial resources.Design/methodology/approachTherefore, a comparative case study using qualitative and quantitative data as well as triangulation technique is conducted within the international board game (or tabletop) market at the crowdfunding platform Kickstarter. The US company CMON, which has developed from an entrepreneur to a small business and beyond, is compared with the German incumbent Pegasus. Based on an analysis of a set of key performance indicators suggested in the literature, qualitative and quantitative variables are deductively derived to measure their impact on the financial goal achievement, thereby showing their impact on the goal achievement. During the analysis, additional variables are identified inductively.FindingsAs a result, several qualitative components are found to be crucial, including oral storytelling and computer animated videos/images, a perfect multilingual product language, prototyped components, an active community and a depth and regularity in campaign updates. In quantitative terms, important components include having more product images than longer project descriptions, more optional buys than different but fixed project rewards, a big social network (on Twitter and Facebook), and the number of updates.Research limitations/implicationsBased upon the data and findings, this study invites for more research, especially in conducting a larger scale quantitative analysis using the developed framework to compare more cases within a branch, cases across branches and cases with different background stories.Practical implicationsBut to successfully run a crowdfunding campaign, entrepreneurs and incumbents can use the provided measures as a first design- and decision-roadmap, as well as copying the new business strategy of continually practicing crowdfunding for new products.Originality/valueDespite its limits, this paper offers the first in-depth qualitative and quantitative crowdfunding case study showing on the one hand a new business strategy about crowdfunding as well as providing a structured measure to compare crowdfunding project performance.
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Saini, Gordhan K. "Shoppers Stop: Leveraging Social Media for Employer Branding." Emerging Economies Cases Journal 2, no. 1 (June 2020): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516604220930394.
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Shoppers Stop had a significant presence on social media platforms—LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. However, a large number of Shoppers Stop’s customers posted complaints about deficiency in customer service on these social media platforms, mainly on Facebook. The complaints and ratings were also seen by other stakeholders such as potential employees who form a perception about the company’s employer brand based on these ratings. While Shoppers Stop promptly responded to disgruntled customers on Facebook to redress their complaints, Shoppers Stop was uncertain about the possible adverse impact of these customer reviews on the company’s employer brand. Further, Shoppers Stop wanted to leverage its presence on various social media platforms to promote and manage its employer brand.
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Frigato, Pietro, and Francisco J. Santos-Arteaga. "Facebook and Google as Regrettable Necessities." International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 2020): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsds.2020010102.
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The following article considers the results from two different studies, a European one involving over 20,000 respondents and an American one closing on 1,000, to illustrate how online platforms such as Facebook and Google can be defined as regrettable necessities. We define regrettable necessities as those whose consumption provides a direct disutility to consumers. That is, other than the standard utility derived from the access to a given service, a direct disutility in terms of privacy losses and preference manipulation results from their use. In addition, users acknowledge this fact and are aware of the disutility suffered, though not necessarily of its intensity, highlighting the fundamental strategic role played by these platforms in current voting environments.
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Zhou, Mi (Jamie), Lijun (Gillian) Lei, Jianling Wang, Weiguo (Patrick) Fan, and Alan G. Wang. "Social Media Adoption and Corporate Disclosure." Journal of Information Systems 29, no. 2 (October 1, 2014): 23–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/isys-50961.
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ABSTRACT This study examines 9,861 public firms to investigate the current adoption status of two popular social media platforms (Facebook™ and Twitter™) and their application in corporate disclosure. The investigation is based on the framework defined by Meek, Roberts, and Gray (1995) and on variations in platform, industry, firm size, time, and intensity (i.e., accounts owned, messages released, and user interaction). The results show that 49 percent of the firms have adopted one platform, and 30 percent have adopted both platforms. However, the numbers of new adopters on both platforms have been decreasing continuously since 2010, even though more than half of the firms are yet to adopt either platform. The results also show that 7.06 percent and 3.45 percent of Facebook and Twitter messages, respectively, are related to corporate disclosures. On average, users respond more quickly to disclosures released on Twitter (13 minutes) than on Facebook (25 minutes), whereas disclosures on Facebook have longer user engagement (427 minutes) than those on Twitter (10 minutes).
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Hildebrandt, Tilo. "Facebook & Google." Der Betriebswirt: Volume 57, Issue 4 57, no. 4 (November 30, 2016): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/dbw.57.4.24.
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Die Bedeutung der großen Marketingplattformen nimmt stetig zu; inzwischen haben die meisten Unternehmen erkannt, dass diese im Hinblick auf ihre Marketing-Strategie viele Potenziale bereithalten. Eine besondere Rolle nehmen hier das soziale Netzwerk „Facebook“ und die Suchmaschine „Google“ ein. Der Beitrag „Facebook und Google. Wie Community und Suchportal in das Web-Business integriert werden“ von Prof. Dr. Tilo Hildebrandt, Geschäftsführer der DTH Beratungs- und Beteiligungs GmbH, stellt die Möglichkeiten dar, wie Unternehmen Facebook und Google für ihren Erfolg im Web nutzen können. Zunächst stehen das Pull-Marketing, wie wir es mit Blick auf Google erkennen, sowie das Push-Marketing, das Facebook zusätzlich hierzu nutzt, im Fokus. Im Anschluss erläutert Dr. Hildebrandt die Potenziale einer Community für das Web-Marketing. Darüber hinaus veranschaulicht er, inwiefern Facebook einen besonderen Nutzen als Marketing-Instrument aufweist und geht auf die dort auffindbaren Synergiegruppen ein. Abschließend verdeutlicht Dr. Hildebrandt die Verwendung spezifischer Controlling-Größen, die im Kontext von Facebook und Google als Grundlage für Optimierungsmaßnahmen genutzt werden können. The significance of the great marketing platforms is constantly increasing; by now most of the corporations have recognized that these platforms have many potentials with regard to their marketing strategy. A special role is assumed by the social network „Facebook“ (market share of 85% on all accesses to communities) and the search engine „Google“ (market share of more than 95% referring to the searches in Germany). The article „Facebook and Google. How to integrate community and search portal in the web business“ by Dr. Tilo Hildebrandt, CEO of DTH Beratungs- und Beteiligungs GmbH, represents the ways that companies can use Facebook and Google for their success in the web. Keywords: web business, wachstum, pull und push marketing, optimierung, community
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Celimli, Seren, and Hakan Adanacioglu. "Comparison of social media platforms in terms of marketing performances of food companies." Italian Journal of Food Science 33, no. 2 (May 14, 2021): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/ijfs.v33i2.2031.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate to what extent social media platforms are effective on the marketing performances of food companies. Facebook was the most effective platform in terms of some performance criteria such as time-saving, easy access to customers, customer feedback, brand awareness, marketing costs, order taking frequency, and sales amount. The most effective platforms after Facebook in terms of marketing performance are Instagram and Twitter, respectively. Marketing costs and product sales are factors that affect the attitude of food companies towards social media platforms.
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Al Kurdi, Barween Hikmat, and Muhammad Turki Alshurideh. "Facebook Advertising as a Marketing Tool." International Journal of Online Marketing 11, no. 2 (April 2021): 52–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijom.2021040104.
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Social media platforms are widely used these days for the advertising and marketing of products. Facebook is considered one of the main social media platforms used by users these days. Currently, there are limited studies investigating the use of Facebook as an advertising communication platform, especially for the purchase of cosmetic products. This study targeted female consumers to ascertain to what extent Facebook advertising influenced their cosmetic buying behaviour through using a set of factors that were selected, namely, advertisement quality, advertisement design, message strength, advertisement repetitiveness, and message content. Smart PLS was used to assess the study model and to test the study's hypotheses. The study found that the main factors affecting consumer behaviour were advertisement quality and advertisement repetitiveness. The paper discusses the study's findings by presenting a set of implications and making recommendations.
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Stříteský, Václav, Adriana Stránská, and Peter Drábik. "Crisis communication on Facebook." Studia Commercialia Bratislavensia 8, no. 29 (June 1, 2015): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stcb-2015-0010.
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Abstract The aim of this paper is to present the issue of crisis communication under the newly created conditions of social media and evaluate the importance of social network site Facebook for crisis communication on the Czech market. The paper presents findings from a survey of Czech Facebook users. It examines the consumer complaining behaviour in the context of social media that can serve as a new platform to voice customer negative experiences. Differences between customers using traditional communications channels and those using social media platforms are identified and discussed.
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Ben-David, Anat. "Counter-archiving Facebook." European Journal of Communication 35, no. 3 (May 1, 2020): 249–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267323120922069.
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The article proposes archival thinking as an analytical framework for studying Facebook. Following recent debates on data colonialism, it argues that Facebook dialectically assumes a role of a new archon of public records, while being unarchivable by design. It then puts forward counter-archiving – a practice developed to resist the epistemic hegemony of colonial archives – as a method that allows the critical study of the social media platform, after it had shut down researcher’s access to public data through its application programming interface. After defining and justifying counter-archiving as a method for studying datafied platforms, two counter-archives are presented as proof of concept. The article concludes by discussing the shifting boundaries between the archivist, the activist and the scholar, as the imperative of research methods after datafication.
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Kautz, Fabian, Michael Schaffrath, and Alex C. Gang. "Identifying the Different Approaches in Use of Social Media Outlets: A Case Study of German Professional Sport Teams." International Journal of Sport Communication 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 239–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2020-0006.
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The sport industry has long used social media as an effective instrument of communication. In the framework of the current study, a content analysis investigated how professional sport clubs in Germany use Facebook and Twitter. The study covers the entire 2015–16 season, which was illustrated via selectively choosing 2 weeks for data analysis; four clubs each from basketball, ice hockey, football, and handball were collected as a sample. All Facebook posts and Twitter tweets published by the 16 clubs during the 2 weeks, a total of 3,412 contributions (Facebook 717, Twitter 2,695), were included in the analysis. The codebook contained 57 variables, and this article presents the results on the identified topics of the published contents on the two social media platforms. On both platforms, the clubs under examination primarily issued statements regarding themselves and their sport-related activities. Twitter is predominantly used as a live medium during games, whereas Facebook allows for significantly greater reach. However, no sport-related differences were found between the two social media platforms.
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Allcott, Hunt, Matthew Gentzkow, and Chuan Yu. "Trends in the diffusion of misinformation on social media." Research & Politics 6, no. 2 (April 2019): 205316801984855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053168019848554.
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In recent years, there has been widespread concern that misinformation on social media is damaging societies and democratic institutions. In response, social media platforms have announced actions to limit the spread of false content. We measure trends in the diffusion of content from 569 fake news websites and 9540 fake news stories on Facebook and Twitter between January 2015 and July 2018. User interactions with false content rose steadily on both Facebook and Twitter through the end of 2016. Since then, however, interactions with false content have fallen sharply on Facebook while continuing to rise on Twitter, with the ratio of Facebook engagements to Twitter shares decreasing by 60%. In comparison, interactions with other news, business, or culture sites have followed similar trends on both platforms. Our results suggest that the relative magnitude of the misinformation problem on Facebook has declined since its peak.
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SUNSTEIN, CASS R. "Valuing Facebook." Behavioural Public Policy 4, no. 3 (February 27, 2019): 370–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2018.34.
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AbstractIn recent years, there has been a great deal of discussion of the welfare effects of digital goods, including social media. A national survey, designed to monetize the benefits of a variety of social media platforms (including Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Instagram), found a massive disparity between willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to accept (WTA). The sheer magnitude of this disparity reflects a ‘superendowment effect’. Social media may be Wasting Time Goods – goods on which people spend time, but for which they are not, on reflection, willing to pay much (if anything). It is also possible that in the context of the WTP question, people are giving protest answers, signaling their intense opposition to being asked to pay for something that they had formerly enjoyed for free. Their answers may be expressive, rather than reflective of actual welfare effects. At the same time, the WTA measure may also be expressive, a different form of protest, telling us little about the actual effects of social media on people's lives and experiences. It may greatly overstate those effects. In this context, there may well be a sharp disparity between conventional economic measures and actual effects on experienced well-being.
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Welbers, Kasper, and Michaël Opgenhaffen. "Social media gatekeeping: An analysis of the gatekeeping influence of newspapers’ public Facebook pages." New Media & Society 20, no. 12 (July 11, 2018): 4728–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444818784302.
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Due to the rising importance of social media platforms for news diffusion, newspapers are relying on social media editors to promote the distribution of their news items on these platforms. In this study, we investigate how much of an impact these social media editors really have, focusing on the impact of newspapers’ public pages on Facebook. Since the actions of individual users are not visible on many platforms due to privacy consideration, we propose a method that leverages time series of aggregated scores for total user engagement, which are available for various platforms. We use this method to study and compare the influence of Facebook pages for six newspapers from the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Flanders, for all news items published over 2 weeks in 2017.
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Kim, Whan, and Ronald Vender. "Use of Facebook as a Tool for Knowledge Dissemination in Dermatology." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 18, no. 5 (September 2014): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7750.2014.14022.
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Background: The presence of dermatology-related platforms in social media has been acknowledged; however, the level of engagement of the public with these platforms has not been evaluated. Objective: To use the Engagement Rate to assess the level of engagement of the public with Facebook pages devoted to dermatology. Methods: A search on Facebook identified Facebook pages for dermatology academic journals, professional societies, and patient-centered groups with the highest number of Facebook likes. Then the Yearly Page Engagement Rate was calculated for each Facebook page. Results: The robust average of the Yearly Page Engagement Rate was 0.673 for academic journals, 0.313 for professional societies, and 1.563 for patient-centered groups. Conclusion: Patient-centered groups engaged with their fans most effectively. Engagement is a key determinant of a fan's exposure to the contents of the page and hence a gauge of whether the fans who “liked” the page continue to remain engaged or not.
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Howard, Heather A., Sarah Huber, Lisa V. Carter, and Elizabeth Anne Moore. "Academic Libraries on Social Media: Finding the Students and the Information They Want." Information Technology and Libraries 37, no. 1 (March 19, 2018): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i1.10160.
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Librarians from Purdue University wanted to determine which social media platforms students use, which platforms they would like the library to use, and what content they would like to see from the library on each of these platforms. We conducted a survey at four of the nine campus libraries to determine student social media habits and preferences. Results show that students currently use Facebook, YouTube, and Snapchat more than other social media types; however, students responded that they would like to see the library on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. Students wanted nearly all types of content from the libraries on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, but they did not want to receive business news or content related to library resources on Snapchat. YouTube was seen as a resource for library service information. We intend to use this information to develop improved communication channels, a clear libraries social media presence, and a cohesive message from all campus libraries.
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RADUCAN, Ramona, and Mihaela VADEANU. "THE EXCESSIVE USE OF FACEBOOK AND THE ADULT SELF-PRESENTATION IN ROMANIA." Social Research Reports 11, no. 3 (November 15, 2019): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33788/srr11.3.13.
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the association between self-presentation and the excessive use of Facebook social media by adults in Romania. Two hypotheses were formulated to achieve these objectives: (1) There is a statistically significant correlation between the age of Facebook social network users and their self-presentation; (2) There are statistically significant differences in the self-representation of Facebook social network users by gender. The study population is made up of all adults in Romania who use the Facebook platform more than 4 hours each day. The sample consists of 151 people (43 men and 108 women), aged 18 to 72, and the average age being 34.92 years. In order to measure study variables, the Self-Presentation Scale (AC01 Questionnaire) realized by R.D. Lennox and R.N. Wolfe (1984), was used. The quasi-experimental research was conducted in May 2018 by completing online questionnaires via the Facebook platform. The application of questionnaires was done online by creating a Google Drive form. According to the results obtained the negative correlation established between the subjects’ age and the self-presentation doesn’t reach the statistical significance threshold (p = 0,603). Thus, hypothesis H1 is not confirmed. According to the results, the differences observed between men and women don’t reach the statistical significance threshold (p = 0,608), thus hypothesis H2 is not confirmed.
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Nelimarkka, Matti, Salla-Maaria Laaksonen, Mari Tuokko, and Tarja Valkonen. "Platformed Interactions: How Social Media Platforms Relate to Candidate–Constituent Interaction During Finnish 2015 Election Campaigning." Social Media + Society 6, no. 2 (April 2020): 205630512090385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305120903856.
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Interaction between candidates and constituents via social media is a well-studied domain. The article takes this research further through a synthesis with platform studies, emerging scholarship that applies a critical perspective to the role of digital platforms in society. Examination of candidate–constituent interaction via Twitter and Facebook during the 2015 Finnish parliamentary elections revealed that the types of interaction differ between the two platforms: Facebook was used for formal campaigning and for praising and expressing support, while Twitter was utilized for information and for seeking and sharing opinions. An additional finding is that interaction approaches may be platform-specific, with socio-emotional functions being employed more often by candidates than constituents on Facebook while no such difference existed for Twitter. On the basis of the implication that platforms have a critical role in the nature of candidate–constituent social media interaction, we discuss the implications of platformed interaction for the democratic process, suggesting that campaign strategy may exploit it in ways that may even necessitate regulation. Furthermore, scholars of social media interaction might need to consider the broader ramifications of the findings, and contributions to theory that acknowledge platforms’ part in interaction may be needed.
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Ma, Zhe, and Francky Catthoor. "Run-time Task Overlapping on Multiprocessor Platforms." Journal of Signal Processing Systems 60, no. 2 (November 5, 2008): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11265-008-0302-7.
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Al-Emadi, Fatima Abdulaziz, and Imene Ben Yahia. "Ordinary celebrities related criteria to harvest fame and influence on social media." Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing 14, no. 2 (May 14, 2020): 195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrim-02-2018-0031.
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Purpose The study aims to explore why consumers engage with ordinary celebrities on social media by identifying the influential characteristics that have engaged followers and have led to opinion leadership on visual platforms, such as Instagram and Facebook. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative data were collected from 32 social media users following at least one ordinary celebrity on Instagram and Facebook in Qatar and Tunisia. Findings The findings of this study highlight five main characteristics that lead to fame and opinion leadership on social media visual platforms: credibility, storytelling and content quality, fit with the platform, Actual and aspired image homophily and consistency. Research limitations/implications This research is, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, one of the first studies that highlight the features determining opinion leadership on visual platforms such as Instagram and Facebook. Second, the results of the study highlight some features that distinguish ordinary celebrities from traditional established celebrities. Practical implications The findings of this research represent a guideline for effective influential marketing development. Based on the results, recommendations are provided for companies, influencers and social media users who aspire to become influencers. Originality/value This research, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, is among the first to shed light on opinion leadership through ordinary celebrities on visual social media platforms, such as Facebook and Instagram, and thus, adds new insights to the area of social media marketing.
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Herzog, Bodo. "Valuation of Digital Platforms: Experimental Evidence for Google and Facebook." International Journal of Financial Studies 6, no. 4 (October 17, 2018): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs6040087.
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This article investigates the fundamental value of digital platforms, such as Facebook and Google. Despite the transformative nature of digital technologies, it is challenging to value digital services, given that the usage is free of charge. Applying the methodology of discrete choice experiments, we estimated the value of digital free goods. For the first time in the literature, we obtained data for the willingness-to-pay and willingness-to-accept, together with socio-economic variables. The customer’s valuation of free digital services is on average, for Google, 121 € per week and Facebook, 28 €.
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Jacobs, Kristof, Linn Sandberg, and Niels Spierings. "Twitter and Facebook: Populists’ double-barreled gun?" New Media & Society 22, no. 4 (April 2020): 611–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444819893991.
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Social media are said to be a core driver of populists’ current success. Yet, our knowledge of how populist politicians use social media is limited. We argue that they can use Twitter and Facebook, politically the most important platforms, as a “double-barreled gun,” each serving a different target. Based on the architecture of the platforms and the populist ideology, we expect that Twitter is used to name and shame journalists publicly, Facebook to activate anger among citizens. Both types of use are examined by studying the Members of Parliament (MPs) of Austria, The Netherlands, and Sweden. We collected 9852 tweets for the 475 MPs on Twitter and 10,355 Facebook posts from the 287 MPs with a Facebook Page. Using negative binomial regression and content analyses, we find that populists seem eager to activate anger. They are not more likely to @-mention media accounts, but “shame” them roughly three times more often.
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Moore, Kevin, Elizabeth Cottrell, and Ruth Chambers. "Facebook in general practice: a service evaluation in one health economy." BJGP Open 1, no. 4 (October 17, 2017): bjgpopen17X101181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgpopen17x101181.
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BackgroundSocial media has been utilised in a variety of healthcare settings. While its potential for extending healthcare services is recognised by the NHS, potential pitfalls exist. The place, benefits and practical problems of using Facebook in general practice are unclear.AimTo understand the utilisation of Facebook by general practices, whether Facebook provides novel insights when compared to other centrally-hosted feedback platforms, and the prevalence of unofficial Facebook pages.Design & settingEighty-three general practices in North Staffordshire.MethodPublicly available information and feedback relating to general practices on official and unofficial Facebook sites was examined and compared to other, centrally-hosted feedback platforms (NHS Choices and Patient Satisfaction ratings). Thematic and descriptive analyses were undertaken to understand the nature of the content.ResultsThirty-one practices had publicly-accessible, practice-owned, official Facebook sites which, overall, had received over 7000 likes. Two had integrated booking systems, 14 allowed reviews and all had accurate practice information. Most remaining practices (41/52) were found to have an unofficial Facebook page.ConclusionGeneral practice use of open Facebook pages is variable, but most commonly used to provide generic practice information and for gaining patient feedback. Patient engagement with pages suggests demand for this technology. Risks associated with unmoderated unofficial pages can be mitigated by practices having official pages hosted by the practice with appropriate protocols in place for managing them. Practices need to be supported to better understand meaningful uses of this technology and the potential risks of unofficial practice Facebook pages.
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Jørgensen, Rikke Frank, and Lumi Zuleta. "Private Governance of Freedom of Expression on Social Media Platforms." Nordicom Review 41, no. 1 (March 3, 2020): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nor-2020-0003.
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AbstractFor years, social media platforms have been perceived as a democratic gain, facilitating freedom of expression, easy access to a variety of information, and new means of public participation. At the same time, social media have enabled the dissemination of illegal content and incitement to discrimination, hostility, or violence, fuelling several content regulation initiatives. From the perspective of freedom of expression, this development embraces two challenges: first, private actors govern freedom of expression, without human rights safeguards; second, this privatised governance of human rights is encouraged and legitimised by a broad range of EU policy initiatives. Informed by an analysis of Danish Facebook users’ attitudes toward public debate on Facebook, we pose the question: How do social media companies such as Facebook balance various human rights considerations on their platforms, particularly in relation to freedom of expression? We analyse the abovementioned challenges through a human rights lens, which serves as the analytical framework for this article. Further, we suggest some strategies for moving forward, drawing on recent recommendations from the UN human rights system.
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Bogoslov, I. A., M. R. Georgescu, and A. G. Pitic. "Linking Facebook to WordPress for educational purposes – a proposed architecture sustaining social learning." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Economics, no. 212 (2020): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2667.2020/212-5/1.
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Ensuring social educational processes does not only represent a trend in terms of the evolution of e-Learning systems, but also one of the main points of interest targeted by the developers of certain social platforms. In fact, raising awareness with respect to the importance of using Social Media tools in education leads to a two-way approach: both by integrating social tools into e-Learning systems and by integrating learning facilities into Social Media platforms. Over time, the social network Facebook has benefited from intense use at global level, including in e-Learning processes. In order to meet the current needs in terms of teaching and learning, Facebook has provided users with built-in opportunities to facilitate social learning processes. However, expanding the Social Learning features integrated in Facebook can be a challenge at present, because of the policies imposed for the social network. The present article outlines a proposed architecture for extending the Social Learning functionalities offered within Facebook Groups by ensuring the correlation with WordPress open-source CMS. Aspects related to how the correlation between the two platforms can be ensured, the necessary tools and the steps involved will be discussed. Also, the main implications and advantages offered by such an architecture and the identified limitations will be highlighted.
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Cinelli, Matteo, Gianmarco De Francisci Morales, Alessandro Galeazzi, Walter Quattrociocchi, and Michele Starnini. "The echo chamber effect on social media." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 9 (February 23, 2021): e2023301118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2023301118.
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Social media may limit the exposure to diverse perspectives and favor the formation of groups of like-minded users framing and reinforcing a shared narrative, that is, echo chambers. However, the interaction paradigms among users and feed algorithms greatly vary across social media platforms. This paper explores the key differences between the main social media platforms and how they are likely to influence information spreading and echo chambers’ formation. We perform a comparative analysis of more than 100 million pieces of content concerning several controversial topics (e.g., gun control, vaccination, abortion) from Gab, Facebook, Reddit, and Twitter. We quantify echo chambers over social media by two main ingredients: 1) homophily in the interaction networks and 2) bias in the information diffusion toward like-minded peers. Our results show that the aggregation of users in homophilic clusters dominate online interactions on Facebook and Twitter. We conclude the paper by directly comparing news consumption on Facebook and Reddit, finding higher segregation on Facebook.