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Journal articles on the topic 'Platform wagon'
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Šťastniak, Pavol, Pavol Kurčík, and Alfréd Pavlík. "Design of a new railway wagon for intermodal transport with the adaptable loading platform." MATEC Web of Conferences 235 (2018): 00030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823500030.
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The aim of the article is to present the structural design of freight railway wagon with variable use of loading space with regard to the safe operation and assessment of the properties by the calculation methods of simulation analysis. Virtual model of wagon was created in a computer program PTC/Creo. After creating the construction, the calculation model of the wagon frame was subjected to the static and dynamic analysis in programs ANSYS and ADAMS/Rail. On the basis of computer aided simulation analysis was optimized the chassis frame of the wagon. This wagon will be able to offer even more capacity and utilize less resources and energy than current wagons for intermodal transport.
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Krason, W., and T. Niezgoda. "FE numerical tests of railway wagon for intermodal transport according to PN-EU standards." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 62, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 843–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bpasts-2014-0093.
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Abstract A special wagon, presented in the paper, can be used for intermodal transport of various types of vehicles. It enables transport of vehicles of 36 tons mass and height of 4m on the GB1 clearance height. An innovative wagon is equipped with a frame-support with marginal parts mounted on standard biaxial bogies and the central part lowered with a rotatable loading platform. The rotating part of wagon acts as a kind of platform, allowing truck to move through it during load/unload. During railway operation, this rotating platform is to become an integrated part of the wagon; the tailboards of the rotating part will be connected to the over-bogie part with the special locks. A unique concept of the wagon structure forced a design approach which was rather unusual for the rail industry. Since the design team aimed at very challenging demands of GB1 envelope and usage of standard bogies, the layout of the wagon had to be thoroughly examined in terms of its overall stiffness. Every major design change had to be simulated in order to accurately predict its influence on the whole wagon structure. FE analysis was used for numerical tests of such a wagon structure in different configurations. The calculations were carried out on the basis of PN-EN standards. Selected results of numerical tests of the prototype version of a such wagon for intermodal transports were presented in the paper.
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Nader, Mirosław, Michał Opala, and Jarosław Korzeb. "Selected studies of dynamics of railway flat-car used for transport of semi-triler truck (TIR)." WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering 125 (June 1, 2019): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6574.
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The paper presents a pilot analysis of the dynamics of a railway wagon designed for transporting road semi-trailer trucks. Attention was given to the innovative solution of the wagon construction, having a movable platform enabling transportation of road vehicles as a part of intermodal transport. The technical description presented in the article takes into account the provisions of Patent No. 214797, for the invention under the name "Railway transport wagon, railway transport unit and railway transport system containing such wagon". The work presents the concept of technical characteristics of the wagon construction solution and a simulation model was built using in-house software. The technical parameters were analyzed, followed by pilot simulation tests. This paper presents the results of research on the dynamics of the platform wagon, loaded with a typical road semi-trailer truck. The system's eigenvalues were analyzed, allowing for the initial assessment of dynamic phenomena occurring in the conditions of exploitation of the loaded wagon. The tests are of pilot nature and constitute a prelude to carry out complex simulation analyzes including tests of dynamics while running on transition curves, arcs, and wear of the rolling surfaces of wheels and rails at different traffic speeds.
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Lovskaya, Alyona, Juraj Gerlici, Oleksij Fomin, Kateryna Kravchenko, Pavlo Prokopenko, and Tomas Lack. "Improvement of the bearing structure of the wagon-platform of the articulated type to ensure the reliability of the fixing on the deck of the railway ferry." MATEC Web of Conferences 254 (2019): 02035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925402035.
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In the article the results of studies of loading of the bearing structure of a wagon-platform of an articulated type, created on the basis of the existing construction, during transportation on the railway ferry by sea are given. In order to ensure the reliability of the fixing of the bearing structure of the wagon-platform of the articulated type relative to the deck of the railway ferry, it is proposed to equip it with knots for fixing the chain ties. To study the dynamic loading of a wagon-platform of an articulated type during transportation on a railway ferry by sea, constructed a mathematical model of oscillations with angular displacements relative to the longitudinal axis of the vessel (loll/heel). The maximal values of accelerations, as components of dynamic load, acting on the bearing structure of a wagon-platform are determined. The obtained acceleration values are taken into account when calculating the strength of the bearing structure using the finite element method implemented in the CosmosWorks software environment. It is established that the maximum equivalent tension do not exceed permissible values. The carried out researches will promote increase of efficiency of combined transportations in the direction of the international transport corridors.
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Šťastniak, Pavol. "Wagon Chassis Frame Design with Adaptable Loading Platform." Manufacturing Technology 15, no. 5 (November 1, 2015): 935–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/mt/15/5/935.
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Silva, Rúben, Diogo Ribeiro, Cássio Bragança, Cristina Costa, António Arêde, and Rui Calçada. "Model Updating of a Freight Wagon Based on Dynamic Tests under Different Loading Scenarios." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (November 12, 2021): 10691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210691.
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This article presents an efficient methodology for the calibration of a numerical model of a Sgnss freight railway wagon based on experimental modal parameters, namely natural frequencies and mode shapes. Dynamic tests were performed for two distinct static loading configurations, tare weight and current operational overload, under demanding test conditions, particularly during an unloading operation of the train and without disturbing its tight operational schedule. These conditions impose restrictions to the tests, especially regarding the test duration, sensor positioning and system excitation. The experimental setups involve the use of several high-sensitivity accelerometers strategically distributed along with the vehicle platform and bogies in the vertical direction. The modal identification was performed with the application of the enhanced frequency-domain decomposition (EFDD) method, allowing the estimation of 10 natural frequencies and mode shapes associated with structural movements of the wagon platform, which in some cases are coupled with rigid body movements. A detailed 3D FE model of the freight wagon was developed including the platform, bogies, wheelsets, primary suspensions and wheel–rail interface. The model calibration was performed sequentially, first with the unloaded wagon model and then with the loaded wagon model, resorting to an iterative method based on a genetic algorithm. The calibration process allowed the obtainment of the optimal values of eight numerical parameters, including a double estimation of the vertical stiffness of the primary suspensions under the unloaded and loaded static configurations. The results demonstrate that the primary suspensions present an elastic/almost elastic behaviour. The comparison of experimental and numerical responses before and after calibration revealed significant improvements in the numerical models and a very good correlation between the experimental and numerical responses after calibration.
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Brezulianu, Adrian, Cristian Aghion, Marius Hagan, Oana Geman, Iuliana Chiuchisan, Alexandra-Ligia Balan, Doru-Gabriel Balan, and Valentina Emilia Balas. "Active Control Parameters Monitoring for Freight Trains, Using Wireless Sensor Network Platform and Internet of Things." Processes 8, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8060639.
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Operating in a dynamic and competitive global market, railway companies have realized many years ago that better management of their logistical operations will enhance their strategic positions on the market. The financial component of daily operations is of utmost importance these days and many companies concluded that maximizing the profit relies on the integration of logistical activities with better income management. This paper presents a system consisting of three components: Ferodata BOX, Ferodata MOBILE, and Ferodata SYS, used to transmit to a web-server the status and operating information of an electric or diesel train. Train information includes data from locomotives, wagons, train driver, route, direction, fuel or electric consumption, speed, etc. All this information is processed in real-time and can be viewed in the web-server application. Additionally, the web-server application could manage and report details that are coming from the wagons, such as valuable information regarding the bogie wear, the identification of the wagons attached to a gasket, and identification the situations in which a wagon or group of wagons comes off the gasket configuration. All information about the status of trains is available on-line and at any moment the person responsible for management can use these data in their work.
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Shabelnikov, A. N., I. A. Olgeizer, and A. V. Sukhanov. "Concept of Digital Platform at Marshalling Yards." World of Transport and Transportation 19, no. 1 (September 8, 2021): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2021-19-1-60-73.
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Implementation of the Industry 4.0 concept is considered in the context of automation of railway transport. The analysis refers to prerequisites for creation of a universal digital platform integrating automation systems at a marshalling yard.The example of JSC Russian Railways has contributed to describe the main goals of Digital Station concept, aimed at fusion of data from low-level local automation equipment. The presented functionality of the system for control and processing information on movements of wagons and locomotives at the station in real time (SCPI MWL RT) implements the set goals by integrating initial data from all automation and centralised traffic control systems operating at the station, checking it for consistency, eliminating information redundancy and generating in real time the current model of a marshalling yard regarding trains and wagons and based on data «from the wheel».Description of the existing functionality of SCPI MWL RT, implemented at a facility, is followed by the analysis of the advantages of this system for the railway cargo transportation network. The objective of the paper is to present some previously unpublished technical solutions for implementation of the specified functionality. The methods of the research are based on fusion of heterogeneous data received from floor devices, specialised video cameras, as well as from real-time wagon positioning models.It is shown that adoption of new technical solutions for SCPI MWL RT will allow to considerably improve the quality of planning of technological process of classifying railway wagons and of forecasting the need for infrastructure maintenance. Deep learning algorithms presented ensure functioning of the developed solutions in real time with high accuracy. Further steps described refer to implementation of a digital platform in the form of a digital twin of a marshalling yard, creating thus a prerequisite for development of an intelligent automatic machine to control the marshalling yard, as well as for further planned ways to implementation there-of.
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Fomin, Oleksij, Juraj Gerlici, Alyona Lovskaya, Kateryna Kravchenko, Oleksii Burlutski, and Vladimír Hauser. "Peculiarities of the mathematical modelling of dynamic loading on containers in flat wagons transportation." MATEC Web of Conferences 254 (2019): 02039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925402039.
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The study deals with a shunting impact of 13-4085 wagon platform to a TK25 tank container. In order to define the loads acting on the container frame, 3D computer models of the 1СС size container is designed, both version – for liquid and dry material transport. The virtual model consider a longitudinal force from the wagon automatic coupling, vertical and horizontal forces from the wagon – containers interaction and also vertical forces of the container fittings. For checking adequacy of the created models, the container acceleration values was obtained in two scenarios. In the first case, when fittings are aligned relative to the fitting spots of a wagon, thus without possibility of relative movement. In the second case, movement within clearance of fitting spots is possible. Mathematical models of dynamic loads on these structures were solved by MathCad. Differential equations were solved by the Runge – Kutta method. Adequacy of the created models was checked with an F-test. On the basis of conducted calculation can be conclude that the hypothesis on the adequacy of the models was not rejected.
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Xu, Gaofeng, Alois Steindl, and Hans Troger. "NONLINEAR STABILITY ANALYSIS OF A BOGIE OF A LOW-PLATFORM WAGON." Vehicle System Dynamics 20, sup1 (January 1992): 653–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00423119208969429.
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Barjaktarovic, Marko, Milos Tomic, Slobodan Petricevic, and Pedja Mihailovic. "Vision system for measuring wagon buffers’ lateral movements." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 10, no. 1 (2013): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee1301023b.
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This paper presents a vision system designed for measuring horizontal and vertical displacements of a railway wagon body. The model comprises a commercial webcam and a cooperative target of an appropriate shape. The lateral buffer movement is determined by calculating target displacement in real time by processing the camera image in a LabVIEW platform using free OpenCV library. Laboratory experiments demonstrate an accuracy which is better than ?0.5 mm within a 50 mm measuring range.
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Gisterek, Igor. "Constructions of platform edges of urban transport in complex cases." Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2020, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_20_02_01.
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The work is a continuation of the first part of 2017, where the contribution to the development of the optimal solution of horizontal and vertical distance between the platform edge and the tram threshold in Wrocław was presented. The general argumentation for the development of collective rail transport in cities was described, and the basic features of an attractive public transport system were also discussed. The historical and ongoing works were collected focusing on the location of the wagon floor in relation to the platform, taking into account selected foreign regulations. Presented are solutions that can be used in Wrocław conditions, describing more complex cases, complementing the first part: the possibility of expanding the carbody above the platform edge, tram and bus platforms or stops for tramtrains. The principles of creating an example algorithm for the proper selection of the edge structure of the platform have been proposed. The paper concludes with a summary and conclusions for both parts of the work. Keywords: Urban transport; Tramway; Platform; Tramway and bus stop
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Lovskaya, Alyona, and Andrey Ryibin. "The study of dynamic load on a wagon–platform at a shunting collision." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 7(81) (June 30, 2016): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2016.72054.
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Knap, Súrja, Andrej Suchánek, and Jozef Harušinec. "Calculation of the geometric transit through the track curves of a two-section platform wagon." Transportation Research Procedia 55 (2021): 853–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2021.07.054.
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Opala, Michał. "Analysis of Safety Requirements for Securing the Semi-Trailer Truck on the Intermodal Railway Wagon." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 12, 2021): 6539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206539.
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The article presented the issue of securing semi-trailer trucks and trailers during their transport using intermodal railway wagons as a part of combined transport. This issue was analysed in different operational conditions related to loading level, cross-winds influence, inertia forces due to the emergency braking, and track curvature. According to general rules of loading and securing cargo, described in the internal and UIC regulations, the transported load should be positioned and secured with minimised risk of undesirable displacement or rolling over during transport. Basic analysis showed that adverse conditions such as strong winds or emergency braking may require adequate additional cargo protection. The lack thereof may result in a severe accident or damage to the transported vehicle or the nearby structures. The presented results for generic road and railway freight vehicles showed that the required anti-rollover torque for a semi-trailer mounted on the railway wagon platform may differ considerably (almost four times at the same maximum tested airflow speed) depending on the conditions related to aerodynamic and inertia influence. The potential weaknesses of the analysis relate to the impracticality of experimental tests for roll-over (or derailment) events under high levels of cross-wind, due to economic and safety reasons. The analysis can be extended in the future by including unsteady aerodynamic forces and a full-vehicle model based on the multi-body method for a specific design solution.
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Troitskiy, Pavel S. "Justification for reducing the weight of the frame of the platform car for transporting containers in modular electric freight trains." Transportation Systems and Technology 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 70–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst20206270-84.
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Background: The article describes the rationale for reducing the metal content of platform cars of a modular electric freight train (MEFT) due to the distribution of traction power across the composition and reducing internal kinetic forces in the train. The calculation of the volumetric model of the car frame under the action of the weight of containers and quasi-static load, the analysis of the distribution of equivalent stresses is made. The effects of introducing these types of wagons into modular electric freight trains are considered.
A railway train of locomotive traction is a complex mechanical system in which dynamic processes occur due to the traction force of locomotives, fractures of the profile and track plan, braking and releasing the brakes, different rates of pressure change in the brake line, and uneven resistance to movement of the locomotive and cars [1]. When driving the MEFT formed a much smaller amount of internal kinetic energy, allowing to reduce the load limit on the hitch and the frame of the wagons to transport more cargo with equal traction power by reducing the coefficient of tare of the train. In addition, running MEFT will improve the handling and safety of trains, reduce operating costs for passing train flows by reducing energy consumption for traction, braking, reduce the time for testing the brakes, the number of car, locomotive and crew hours. We predict significant (up to 7 times) reduction of loads on the coupling devices and the frame of cars, if the strength condition is met.
Aim: To justify the possibility of reducing the loads on the auto-coupling equipment and metal structures of the frame of platform cars as part of modular electric freight trains by reducing the longitudinal forces in the auto-coupling devices due to the distribution of traction power across the composition.
Methods:
special engineering methods for traction calculations applied to railway transport;
engineering and technical methods of calculation and design of platform cars;
finite element method;
a system method that allows you to identify various direct and indirect relationships in the analysis of the selection of frame structures of platform cars.
Results: We justified reduction of loads on auto-coupling devices and load-bearing frames of platform cars in MEFT. It is revealed that the decrease of axial compressive loads on the automatic coupler device with 2,500 kN in the car locomotive hauling up to 400 kN at the car the IAEG will help to alleviate the weight of the metal frame of the wagon-platform for transportation of containers and reduce packaging of the car is 1.6 t, by 7.3 %. The reduction in the cost of the car will be 76.8 thousand rubles, or 3.84 %.
Conclusions: The author offers a justification for reducing the weight of container cars-platforms of a modular electric freight train, on the basis of which it is possible to reduce the metal content of cars and transport a larger amount of cargo with equal traction power in comparison with a train of locomotive (concentrated) traction.
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Kolysnychenko, Illia, and Victor Tkachov. "Polynomial approximation of dynamic signals of single platform railway scales." Electrical Engineering and Power Engineering, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15588/1607-6761-2021-2-5.
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Purpose. Obtaining an approximating function (or a system of approximating equations), which, with a minimum error, will make approximations to the available data on a train of railway objects through 1 platform scales. Methodology. To solve this problem, numerical methods are used, namely, the approximation by polynomial functions of the nth order. The experimental data on the basis of which the experiments were carried out were obtained from the weighing and identification system of wagon in motion on a single platform scale. The approximation process is automated using a program written in the Python programming language in which the polyPit and polyid functions of the numPy library are used to obtain the polynomial coefficients. Findings. Due to the use of polynomial approximation in data processing from tensometric railroad weighing systems, it was possible to obtain a system of linear equations that, with minimal error, restored the experimental data that were obtained from the existing system of the Severny GOK: Metinvest enterprise. When normalizing the readings of the sensors from conventional units, obtained from the summing box to the range of values [0; 1] it became possible, in percentage terms, to describe a railway object. This makes it possible to avoid the dependence of the final results on the travel speed of the carriage or locomotive, which leads to an increase in the accuracy of the identification of cars in the rolling stock due to the use of the percentage of the axles staying on the weighing platform (approach / exit). It became possible to determine the type of carriage with the same number of axles, but different characteristics of the center space and the base of the rolling stock. Originality. The novelty is to obtain a general method of approximation of experimental data of the passage of wagons through a single-platform scales, which can be used to train intelligent systems and generate close to real data of the passage of a car (due to the imposition of noise, etc.). Practical value. Improving the accuracy and speed of the carriage identification as a whole, which reduces the plant downtime, contributes to an increase in the number of weighed and identified moving objects, as well as the ability to identify the type of carriage with the same number of axles in the train. The methods presented in the work can be used both for identification and for tasks, the end result of which is the classification of input data (neural networks, etc.).
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Vorobey, I. E., and L. N. Khakhovskaya. "Constructive association of paleo-Asian sled transport and mobile dwelling in evolutionary and modernization aspects." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 1(56) (March 21, 2022): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2022-56-1-15.
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This article represents an attempt to utilize the heuristic potential of the hypothesis proposed by V.G. Kuznetsova. Her assumption is based on the analysis of Chukcha rituals and constitutes a view of the nomadic wagon called “kaaran” as an example of the original movable dwelling in the period of formation of pastoral rein-deer husbandry. In nomadic cultures, the fundamental close activity-related conjugation of sliding transport and housing constructions cannot but breed aspirations towards their constructive fusion as one of the tendencies of life organization. The realization of such aspirations takes place during the times of severe cultural transforma-tions within the society, stipulated with internal innovative processes and/or external influences. We assume that the a relevant tendency could have been realized as a mobile shelter (constructive associations of a small living cell and a moving platform) at the stage of development of paleo-Asian reindeer herding, in the context of deficit of transport reindeer. The design variability of the sleds and framework bodies of known wagons along with its reasons remains unresearched. Still, one can observe the morphological and technological resemblance between bent carcasses and temporary twig-based dwellings, that occured widely in the south of taiga region from the right bank of the Ob River down to the Amur River. The structural constrains of the paleo-Asian sleds and particular features of the reindeer gear and harness did not allow the development of the sled-wagon towards a complete, although still small, portable housing on a standard traditional base. However, this tendency revealed itself quite clearly during the Soviet modernization period: the archive and literature sources of the Soviet time display some constructive solutions that connected vehicles (sled, tractor sledge) with demountable and solid dwellings in order to optimize the systems of cargo transportation and grazing, and also to create convenient environment for the herders. In this case, the newest intercultural Chukcha’s “hybrid” (a tent hoisted on a snow sled) recorded by V.N. Davydov, turns out to be another incarnation of the once emerged deep notion mated with new technical capacities.
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Panchenko, Sergii, Oleksij Fomin, Glib Vatulia, Oleksander Ustenko, and Alyona Lovska. "Determining the load on the long-based structure of the platform car with elastic elements in longitudinal beams." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, no. 7 (109) (February 22, 2021): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.224638.
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This paper reports a study into the dynamic loading and strength of an improved carrying structure of the platform car. A special feature of the car is the presence of elastic elements in the main longitudinal beams of the frame. This could improve the fatigue strength of the carrying structure of the platform car under operational modes.
Mathematical modeling was carried out to determine the dynamic load on the carrying structure of the platform car. The fluctuations of bouncing were taken into consideration. It has been established that the vertical acceleration of the carrying structure of the platform car without cargo is about 2.0 m/s2 (0.2 g). In this case, the vertical accelerations that act on the carrying structure of the platform car are lower by 15 % as compared to the prototype wagon.
The main indicators of strength of the bearing structure of the platform car have been determined. The calculation was carried out using a method of finite elements employing the software suite SolidWorks Simulation (France). When compiling the estimation scheme, it was taken into consideration that the carrying structure of the platform car was loaded with four containers the size of 1SS. In this case, the maximum equivalent stresses occur in the region of interaction between a pivot beam and spreads and are 254.0 MPa. That warrants the strength of the carrying structure of the platform car.
The numerical values of acceleration of the carrying structure of the platform car have been determined, as well as the fields of their location, by applying computer simulation.
The fatigue strength and oscillation eigenfrequencies in the carrying structure of the platform car have been investigated; their designed service time has been estimated.
The reported research would contribute to building innovative structures of platform cars, as well as to improving the efficiency of combined transportation.
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Lovska, Alyona, Oleksij Fomin, Anna Chechet, and Olena Soloviova. "Determining the features of loading the improved bearing structure of a platform wagon for the transportation of military equipment." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 7 (105) (June 30, 2020): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.203245.
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Shaposhnyk, Vladyslav, Oleksandr Shykunov, Alexei Reidemeister, Leontii Muradian, and Olha Potapenko. "Determining the possibility of using removable equipment for transporting 20- and 40-feet-long containers on an universal platform wagon." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, no. 7 (109) (February 22, 2021): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.225090.
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An important role in the market of transport services belongs to container transportation. Railroads, especially under the conditions of increased competition from road transport, must respond quickly to the needs of the market and the growing demand for container transportation, including interstate traffic. Demand for container transportation can vary significantly during the year, which testifies to the expediency of introducing removable equipment on universal railroad freight cars that are involved in the deliveries of containers. This paper reports the design of a removable frame structure for a universal platform that could carry two 20-ft or one 40-ft container. The proposed technical solution does not require changes in the structure of the car and changes in its model; with a decrease in the demand for container transportation, it would allow this car to be used for its main purpose.
According to the current methodology, the efforts that operate on the frame during the transportation of containers have been determined. The strength of the proposed structure was estimated by a finite-element method. The maximum stresses arising in the proposed structure are 164.4 MPa; they occur in the corners of the stops attached to the stand-up staples of the platform. The resulting stress values do not exceed the allowable ones. The results of calculating the removable equipment indicate its sufficient strength. Requirements for placing cargo on the rolling stock assume a mandatory check to fit the dimensions, which confirmed that the container hosted by the frame does fit them. The proposed structure makes it possible to abandon disposable fastening parts, improve the safety of container transportation, and increase competitiveness in the container transportation market.
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Abbas, Osama, Mohammad Reza Arvan, and Ali Mahmoodi. "Improving the Estimation of the Tracking Error Signal in Real Time for IR Seeker Using Nonlinear Kalman Filters." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 15 (July 6, 2020): 2050242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620502424.
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In nonimaging IR seekers, the received target radiation on the IR detector is modulated via a reticle and produces the information signal (IS). The IS contains the tracking error signal (TES), which is proportional with the target position. TES is used in the control and optic section in the missile. The main task is to extract the TES from IS. The accuracy of TES extraction may be affected by several items such as noise from engines. In this paper, we used for the first time this field Square Root Unscented Kalman Filter (SRUKF) and Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to estimate the TES from the IS for wagon wheel reticle. Due to the high computational complexity of these algorithms, their execution in real time is not an easy task especially if there is space limitation for hardware. By using the minicomputer, such as Raspberry Pi 3 Model [Formula: see text] platform, the task can be done. The results showed that the SRUKF presented the best phase estimation for TES. The implementation by using Raspberry Pi was in real time because all algorithm executions for one period was less than 5[Formula: see text]ms, this time in our problem is less than strict timing window.
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Gaba, Vasyl, Tetiana Hrushevska, Oleg Strelko, Anna Kyrychenko, Marina Rudyuk, and Ievgen Gusar. "Improvement of international rail transportation of benzene between Ukraine and the European Union countries." MATEC Web of Conferences 294 (2019): 04010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929404010.
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It is considered the possibility of improvement of the international railway transportation of benzene and other related cargoes between Ukraine and the European Union countries for the carriage of these cargoes in tank containers. The volume of chemical cargo transportation to the EU countries to the rolling stock types for 2018 has been analyzed. The research of the effectiveness of organization of international transportation according to the criterion of the total hours of downtime by wagons under accumulation. The mathematical model of chemical cargoes transportation by wagons, wagon groups and container trains with the accumulation to the technical standards on the cargo diversions was elaborated. The models take into account the unevenness of the wagon arrivals to the accumulation points and observance of the number of wagons to the established norm. A comparison of the effectiveness of the two models of the organization of the chemical cargo delivery and it was defined a more effective version of transportation. It has been established that for more efficient using of the rolling stock and for the rolling stock circulation decreasing is the cargo transportation by trains which consist of cisterns or/and tank container carriages. The influence of the components of the rolling stock circulation and its value are analyzed. The research of the cost of benzene transportation in cisterns and tank containers for the individual diversions was studied. According to the research results the cost of benzene transportation by platforms of the railways ownership is less than twice in comparison to private cisterns and tank-containers of the Ukrainian Railways fleet. These recommendations will improve the process of transportation and increase of volumes of international cargo by railroads between Ukraine and the EU countries.
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Gagliardi, Alessio, and Sergio Saponara. "AdViSED: Advanced Video SmokE Detection for Real-Time Measurements in Antifire Indoor and Outdoor Systems." Energies 13, no. 8 (April 23, 2020): 2098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13082098.
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This paper proposes a video-based smoke detection technique for early warning in antifire surveillance systems. The algorithm is developed to detect the smoke behavior in a restricted video surveillance environment, both indoor (e.g., railway carriage, bus wagon, industrial plant, or home/office) or outdoor (e.g., storage area or parking area). The proposed technique exploits a Kalman estimator, color analysis, image segmentation, blob labeling, geometrical features analysis, and M of N decisor, in order to extract an alarm signal within a strict real-time deadline. This new technique requires just a few seconds to detect fire smoke, and it is 15 times faster compared to the requirements of fire-alarm standards for industrial or transport systems, e.g., the EN50155 standard for onboard train fire-alarm systems. Indeed, the EN50155 considers a response time of at least 60 s for onboard systems. The proposed technique has been tested and compared with state-of-art systems using the open access Firesense dataset developed as an output of a European FP7 project, including several fire/smoke indoor and outdoor scenes. There is an improvement of all the detection metrics (recall, accuracy, F1 score, precision, etc.) when comparing Advanced Video SmokE Detection (AdViSED) with other video-based antifire works recently proposed in literature. The proposed technique is flexible in terms of input camera type and frame size and rate and has been implemented on a low-cost embedded platform to develop a distributed antifire system accessible via web browser.
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Tretiak, E. V. "ASPECTS OF TANK-CONTAINER TESTS FOR COMPLIANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE UN SHIPPING REGISTER." Railbound Rolling Stock, no. 21 (December 24, 2020): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47675/2304-6309.2020.21.7-27.
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The article deals the method of calculation studies of impact tests of tank containers to confirm the ability of portable tanks and multi-element gas containers to withstand the impact in the longitudinal direction on a specially equipped stand accredited in the certification system of the Register of Shipping of Ukraine, or using a railway platform and executing an impact force generated by a wagon-striker in accordance with the requirements of the UN Register of Shipping. It is shown that the main estimated characteristic of the UN requirements is the impact response spectrum (accelerations) for the interval natural frequencies of the impact impulse. The calculation of the points of the impact response spectrum curve according to the test results is shown in four stages. The test configuration of a railway platform with a tank-container for impact loads is presented, in which the impact is performed in such a way that the curve of the impact response spectrum obtained during the tests of both fittings under a single impact repeated or exceeded the minimum impact response curve spectrum at all frequencies in the range from 2 Hz to 100 Hz. The matrices of relative displacements and accelerations for the interval natural frequencies of the impact wave are given. The results of the research are presented in graphical form, which shows that the experimental values of the impact response spectrum exceed the minimum allowable values. The equation of the experimental curve of the shock response spectrum in the frequency range 0-100 Hz is described by the power dependence; the coefficients of the equation were determined by the statistical method of the maximum likelihood, with the determination factor being 0.897, which is a satisfactory value. The comparative analysis showed that the experimental curve of the impact response spectrum in the frequency range 0-100 Hz exceeds the normalized curve, which confirms compliance with regulatory requirements. It is proposed to use a new test configuration using a tank car with bulk liquid, where the processes occurring under impact significantly differ from other freight cars subjected to longitudinal impact loads of the tank container. The hydraulic shock caused by the impact on the tank container and the platform creates a turning moment, which causes the rear fittings to be unloaded.
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Safronov, Oleksandr, Yurii Vodiannikov, and Olena Makeieva. "DETERMINATION OF FREIGHT WAGON PARAMETERS ACCORDING TO THE SPECIFIED CRITERIA OF THE TRAIN BRAKING EFFICIENCY (four-axle gondola cars, covered cars, platforms, dump cars)." Railbound Rolling Stock, no. 23 (December 16, 2021): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47675/2304-6309-2021-23-101-110.
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The lack of normative values of the actual coefficients in the new rules of HOST 34434-2018 do not allow to implement and determine the optimal characte-ristics of the brake according to pre-accepted conditions of braking efficiency (braking distance), which causes uncertainty in solving this problem. The uncertainty is that the choice of characteristics of the braking system of the freight wagon has to be done by searching a large number of options. In this regard, the paper provides tools for determining the actual pressing force of the brake pads on the wheels, which complies with the specified braking performance of the freight train. As a tool, universal formulas are used in the form of a power relationship between the actual force of the brake pads and the braking distance of the freight train. The coefficients of universal formulas are obtained on the basis of computer modeling. Numerous examples show that the error in the use of universal formulas in calculation studies does not exceed 1% compared with the calculation method according to HOST 34434-2018. The values of the actual coefficients depending on the axial load of the wagon and the speed at which the braking distances of the freight train satisfy the normative minimum allowable values are given. It is shown that calculation studies performed according to the universal formulas in the EXCEL environment allows to fully automating the computational process. A method for determining the gear ratio of the brake lever of a freight wagon, according to which the specified braking efficiency is performed, is proposed. The proposed procedure allows you to perform a variety of studies to select the optimal parameters of the braking system of freight wagons that meet the specified requirements of braking efficiency, and greatly facilitates the calculation studies. Key words: аctual coefficient, braking distance, speed, axial load, power dependence, coefficients, gear ratio.
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Li, Bing, Wenyao Qu, Hua Xuan, Chunqiu Xu, Xueyuan Wang, and Yifei Geng. "Shunting Strategy for Placing-In and Taking-Out Wagons on Branch-Shaped Freight Operation Network with Simulation Method." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (January 22, 2020): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3410481.
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Because of China’s vast territory, large population, and huge demand for bulk materials, the railway transportation mode has always received considerable attention. For long-haul transportation, railway transportation can provide a scheduled-based transport plan, all-weather transport service, and cheaper carry instead of other transport modes. The study described in this paper attempts to develop a simulation platform for optimizing the placing-in and taking-out wagons system on the branch-shaped freight operation network (PTWS-BSFON). The operation process of PTWS is thoroughly analyzed from three aspects of decoupling-coupling wagons subsystem, placing-in local wagons subsystem, and taking-out local wagons subsystem. And then the simulation platform encompassing two typically shunting modes of PTWS are developed by Arena software. Under scenarios of PTWS-SO and PTWS-SSMS, the hierarchical structure of the shunting strategies is, respectively, outlined in the simulation platform. Finally, the shunting strategies based on the simulation platform are carried out by concrete examples, which prove the rationality of the methodology in applying different strategies and enhancing the performances of the PTWS-BSFON.
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Fomin, Oleksij, Alyona Lovska, Oleksandr Gorobchenko, Serhii Turpak, Iryna Kyrychenko, and Oleksii Burlutski. "ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC LOADING OF IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF A TANK CONTAINER UNDER OPERATIONAL LOAD MODES." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 2 (March 31, 2019): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2019.00876.
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An increase in the volume of bulk cargo transportation through international transport corridors necessitates the commissioning of tank containers. Intermodalization of a tank container predetermines its load in various operating conditions depending on the type of vehicle on which it is carried: aviation, sea, air or rail. The analysis of the operating conditions of tank containers, as well as the regulatory documents governing their workload, led to the conclusion that the most dynamic loads acting on the supporting structures during transportation by rail. Namely, during the maneuvering collision of a wagon-platform, on which there are tank containers. In this case, it is stipulated that for a loaded tank container, the dynamic load is assumed to be 4g, and for an empty (for the purpose of checking the reinforcement) – 5g. It is important to note that when the tank container is underfilled with bulk cargo and taking into account movements of fittings relative to fittings, the maximum value of dynamic load can reach significantly larger values. Therefore, in order to ensure the strength of tank containers, an improvement of their structures has been proposed by introducing elastic-viscous bonds into the fittings. To determine the dynamic loading of the tank container, taking into account the improvement measures, mathematical models have been compiled, taking into account the presence of elastic, viscous and elastic-viscous bonds between the fittings, stops and fittings. It is established that the elastic bond does not fully compensate for the dynamic loads acting on the tank container. The results of mathematical modeling of dynamic loading, taking into account the presence of viscous and elastic-viscous coupling in the fittings, made it possible to conclude that the maximum accelerations per tank container do not exceed the normalized values. The determination of the dynamic loading of the tank container is also carried out by computer simulation using the finite element method. The calculation takes place in the software package CosmosWorks. The maximum values of accelerations are obtained, as well as their distribution fields relative to the supporting structure of the tank container. The developed models are verified by the Fisher criterion. The research will contribute to the creation of tank containers with improved technical, operational, as well as environmental characteristics and an increase in the efficiency of the liquid cargo transportation process through international transport corridors.
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Hummelen, W. M. H. "Toneel op de kermis, van Bruegel tot Bredero." Oud Holland - Quarterly for Dutch Art History 103, no. 1 (1989): 1–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187501789x00013.
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AbstractThe article considers the depictions of stage performances (or of preparations for stage performances) which first appeared in Dutch paintings and prints of country fairs around 1560. The performances in depictions dating from the period between 1560 and 1620 were given by the Rederijkers', members of the chambers of rhetoric, whose activities included play-acting. The stage-play motif occurs in depictions other than those of country fairs, but never as such an integral part of the proceedings. The article examines what was played, and how. Of a total of thirteen examples in which the subject-matter of the performances can be established with some degree of certainty, only three are serious plays (ills. I I, 13, 14). This is inconsistent with historical information, which indicates that performances after processions at fairs ('kermis', the Dutch word for fair, originally referred to the mass celebrated on church dedication anniversaries), tended to be of a more serious than comical nature. There could be some connection between this inconsistency and the context in which the stage performance appears, the corpus of country fair motifs and their special function. It might also be accounted for, however, by the unmistakable interdependency of the various country fairs. In a large number of cases a recognizable play (ills. 2, 4, 5), a typical theatrical situation (ill. 6), an easily understandable situation (ills. 9, 10) or at least identifiable stage characters (ills. 1 I, 12, 13) are depicted. In other cases the actual play seems to be qf little or no consequence (ills. 7, 8, 16, 17). The obvious question of whether acting as such has a particular - negative - connotation must, at any rate for this period be answered in the negative on the basis of what is known from literary and stage history. The platform is often set up in direct proximity to the building in which the Rederijkers held their gatherings. This common circumstance (and likewise the barrel-supports for some stages) may also be explained by the interdependency of a large numher of country fairs. The public is often depicted as a crowd, seldom (ills. 6, II, 14) as individuals. Rarely do the degree of detail and the angle of depiction enable us to make an educated guess at the size of the stage (ills. 2, I I). The anonymous painting Meikermis met heren te paard (Mayday fair with mounted gentlemen, ill. 17) is probably the only example of a stage on wheels - the wagon familiar from depictions of processions and pageants excluded. It is tempting to conclude on the basis of the available material that there were special types af platforms (without side-stage and fitted with a single front curtain) for comical plays. However, the conclusion falters, not only because of the interdependency of the fairs in question, but also because of the example of the platform in Gillis Mostaert's painting. The text of the comedy Playerwater might suggest that it was not written for performance on platforms as rudimentary as the one in Playerwaterkermis (ill. 2). As well as on actors, Player water kermis focuses on three nonactors. This is against the rules. Is the painter criticizing the manner of performance? All things considered, the prompter is a less likely abject of criticism than the person climbing the ladder. An explanation within the larger framework of persons on the boundaries of the stage (who frequently occur in depictions of stage plays other than those on paintings and prints of country fairs) is beyond the scope of this article. For various reasons, the characters on the side-stage (ills. 4, 5) are not consistent with theatrical tradition, and may perhaps be respectively regarded as the painter's comment on the content af the play and the style of peformance. As for the actors' costumes, notably those in processions depicted by and after Vinckboons (ills. II, I2, I3) give an inkling of the content of the plays to be performed. The gestures of the actors in Playerwaterkermis (ills. 2, 3) are unusual. Are they drawing attention to the public? To themselves? There is no satisfactory answer to this question.
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Vakulenko, Sergey, Pyotr Kurenkov, Dmitry Romensky, Kirill Kalinin, and Jozef Gašparík. "Analysis and prospects of container and rail transport." MATEC Web of Conferences 329 (2020): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032901014.
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The article studies the main trends in the market of container transportation in rolling stock of various types, considers the process of transporting large-capacity containers in open wagons. The operational and economic aspects of removing administrative restrictions on the implementation of this type of transportation are noted. The dynamics of rental rates for rental of gondola cars and platforms in 2019-2020 is present. The summary characteristics of the gondola car fleet and fitting platforms on the Russian Railways network have been study. The analysis of the market share of the largest owners of gondola cars and fitting platforms was carry out. The advantages and disadvantages of using the technology of container transportation in open wagons are list. Solutions are propose to create a competitive environment in the container transportation segment of the transport services market.
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Sitnikov, S. "Determination of the Stability of Wheeled Vehicles Transported on the Platform in the Presence of Flexible Mounting Elements." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 8 (August 15, 2021): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/69/28.
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The article considers the possibility of assessing the stability of wheeled vehicles or wagons with wheeled vehicles in the presence of flexible mounting elements. An indirect assessment of the influence of vertical fluctuations of the cargo from the impact of the roughness of the track profile on the stability of the cargo during transportation is given.
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Zagorsky, D. I., and M. G. Myadelets. "Comparative assessment of dynamic loading long-base flat wagons." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 17, no. 4 (December 2020): 525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2020-4-525-533.
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Objective: Comparative analysis of dynamic loading of long-base fl atcars on bogies of various types. Methods: Comparison of experimental data of running strength tests of long-base fl atcars obtained by the Engineering Center of the rolling stock in the conditions of a test site on the Belorechensk–Maikop track of the North Caucasian Railway was carried out. The division of platform cars into conditional groups was used depending on the truck. Results: It was found that the use of constant contact side bearers in the bogie design reduces the dynamic loading of the fl atcar on straight track sections by 1,2–1,5 times. The obtained dependences of the coeffi cients of vertical dynamics for the center and side sill showed that for all fl at cars they are identical in nature and differ only in the level of values. The use of modern bogies with nonlinear spring suspension and constant contact side bearers in long-base fl atcars leads to a decrease in the dynamic loading of the frame by an average of 15–25 %, thereby reducing the likelihood of possible damage to the fl atcar in operation. Practical importance: It is shown that it is necessary to clarify the normative dependence of the speed distribution of the vertical dynamics coeffi cients for fl atcars on various types of bogies. Its correction will improve the accuracy of determining the parameters of the stress-strain state of the platform car frame. The comparison results can be recommended for practical use in assessing the strength and fatigue resistance of the fl at car structure
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Ußler, Hagen, Oliver Michler, and Günter Löffler. "Validation of multiple sensor systems based on a telematics platform for intelligent freight wagons." Transportation Research Procedia 37 (2019): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2018.12.182.
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Karpova, Tatyana S., Vladimir I. Moiseev, and Vera A. Ksenofontova. "Simulation of the operation of an oil loading terminal for viscous petroleum products." Transportation Systems and Technology 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 60–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst20206360-75.
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The article discusses problems encountered in the carriage of viscous petroleum products at low temperatures and proposes solutions.
Aim: Construction of a mathematical model describing the business process; solution of the constructed problem using simulation.
Materials and Methods: The position of probability theory and mathematical statistics; the development of a mathematical model; the development of a simulation model using the Business Studio platform.
Results: mathematical and simulation models of the discharge of viscous petroleum products have been constructed showing possibilities of reducing the discharge time; the work of the enterprise was analyzed with additional equipment.
Conclusion: a function is defined, which returns the quantity of unloaded wagons, steam and electricity consumption; simulations are carried out.
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Hargrave, Chad, and Paul McPhee. "Remnant Coal Detection System." Resources 9, no. 4 (April 17, 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources9040045.
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This paper describes the development and successful implementation of a system designed to detect coal deposits remaining in coal train wagons after unloading (dumping). These undesirable coal deposits constitute both small residual amounts of “carryback”, but also larger “hang-ups” of significant volume that have failed to discharge. The system was originally developed simply to detect and record volumes of carryback, as part of an effort to characterise the extent of the problem for the coal transport industry, but was then enhanced to provide real-time feedback of large hang-ups so that they could be discharged prior to the wagons exiting the dump station. The paper describes the hardware and processing systems used in the system, including the different strategies employed to ensure a reliable detection system. The system has now been installed and operated in a production environment at three dump stations across two different coal terminals, and a case study of the results from one of these dump stations is presented. Automating remnant coal detection at dump stations provides short interval control to minimise potential hazards and downtime, and historical data that may be integrated into existing data platforms and analysed for productivity, environmental, and safety planning insights.
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Medwid, Marian, Krzysztof Łukaszewski, and Karol Bryk. "Symulacyjne komputerowe badania dynamiczne modułowego pojazdu do transportu kombinowanego, kolejowo-drogowego." Rail Vehicles, no. 2 (April 2, 2015): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53502/rail-138802.
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W artykule przedstawiono wyniki symulacyjnych badań dynamicznych „Modułowego sytemu transportu kombinowanego”, służącego do przewozu naczep siodłowych. Z racji specyficznej konstrukcji platform do transportu kombinowanego konieczne jest sprzęgnięcie dwóch takich pojazdów. W innym przypadku nie było by możliwe skonfigurowanie pociągu w skład którego wchodzą inne wagony, dlatego omawiane badania zostały przeprowadzone właśnie dla takiego składu. Zaprezentowano sposób przeprowadzenia oraz wyniki badań odnoszących się do stabilności ruchu pojazdu, badań liniowych (eksploatacyjnych) obejmujących bezpieczeństwo jazdy, obciążenie toru i spokojność biegu. Podczas badań liniowych wykonano serię przejazdów po prostej jak i w łuku przy uwzględnieniu rzeczywistych, zmierzonych nierówności toru. Badania zostały przeprowadzone w oparciu o wymagania zawarte w normie PN-EN-14363. Scenariusze badań oraz wyniki odnoszące się do pojazdu modułowego do transportu kolejowo-drogowego, prezentowane w referacie, są wynikiem prac badawczych przeprowadzonych w ramach realizacji projektu rozwojowego nr R10-0065-10 „System transportu naczep drogowych na wózkach kolejowych w kombinowanym ruchu kolejowo-drogowym”.
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Veselovskiy, Mikhail Yakovlevich, and Tatiana Vitalievna Pogodina. "Forming company strategic competitiveness based on intellectual leadership and key competencies." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics 2020, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2020-2-19-27.
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The article explores the sources and factors of forming the competitive advantages and competitiveness of companies based on the systematic implementation of intellectual leadership. The methodological basis of the research includes the theory of competency-based approach, innovative and strategic management. The research information base includes the official data from the Federal State Statistics Service, Russian manufacturing companies and the own scientific research findings. The research results include systematizing the new competitive advantages
of companies formed on the basis of intellectual leadership (corporate culture, managing
a knowledge system about key stakeholders, smart manufacturing, artificial intelligence) and key competencies. The pyramid of intellectual leadership is presented, which allows companies to build a personnel management strategy taking into account the gradual transition from the business management to collective management, and then to the spiritual leadership. The key competencies are identified and analyzed; they allow to increase the innovative activity of industrial enterprises (Research and Production Corporation United Wagon Company, PJSC; Novolipetsk Metallurgical Plant, PJSC; Red October, PJSC). It has been found that in Russia the large metallurgical and car manufacturing companies, food production companies are actively using modern digital technologies (electronic trading platforms, online stores, electronic document management, electronic procurement, online services for customers, electronic procurement for the needs of the enterprise, etc.) for developing their key competencies. In modern conditions digitalization of business processes is becoming an increasingly independent production resource and a key competency
of companies contributing to the achievement of strategic development goals. There are considered the operating and emerging clusters in the field of information technologies that can contribute to solving the problems of accelerated digitalization of the economy in the Novgorod region, in the Perm Territory, in the Republic of Tatarstan, and the cluster of information and communication technologies in the Rostov Region.
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Shah, Jay. "The COVID-19: Challenges for editors of biomedical journals during the public crisis." Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences 8, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v8i3.36843.
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The COVID19 pandemic has changed life, the way we work, live and interact. Scientific journal editors have experienced challenging work-life since the novel coronavirus was popularly known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for the COVID19 pandemic in early 2020.1 A public crisis like COVID-19 requires faster dissemination of scientific findings unlike the usual publishing process, the biomedical journals have taken the challenge with extra effort to shorten the submission-to-publication time to on average by 49%, at times raising the concern for the quality of ‘pandemic-publishing’.2 The review process of biomedical journals normally requires on average 3-4 months and from submission to publication 8-9 months, which may be expedited in the time of crisis as we have seen during the COVID-19 pandemic with a median of 3-13 days of publication time.3 Quarantine, restriction of movements, lockdowns, working from ‘home-office’ and sudden surge in the new submissions related to the pandemic, all posing a challenge to maintain the journal office process from submission, review to the final acceptance and publication, ‘on time’.4-6 Additional platforms, supplement issues on the COVID19 got further expanded with the various types of manuscripts added, e.g. on online education during the pandemic, psychosocial issues and lots of perspective viewpoints as people had suddenly more time for writing during the changes in lifestyle during the pandemic, all resulting in an increased number of submission to the medical journals. More and more authors included the buzzword COVID19 in the title to ride on the fast-wagon hoping and even pressurizing the editor/journal for expedited publication to disseminate the information on time. 5,6
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Vargas, Alix, Shushma Patel, and Dilip Patel. "Towards a Business Model Framework to Increase Collaboration in the Freight Industry." Logistics 2, no. 4 (October 9, 2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/logistics2040022.
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Collaboration in the freight industry has not been widely adopted mainly due to the perceived barriers in competition resulting in a lack of trust among fleet operators. Collaboration in this sector has significant benefits, including the reduction of empty running, operating costs (OPEX) and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) resulting in greater utilisation of existing logistics assets. A review of the literature to establish the critical aspects of freight collaboration was undertaken, as well as analyses of published case studies and European Union (EU)-funded projects. The critical aspects and barriers identified include: revenue sharing; compliance with competition law; process synchronization; organisational and systems interoperability; different forms of collaboration from a physical and coordination structure perspective; and strategies for collaboration. To facilitate collaboration a freight collaborative business model (FCBM) framework that highlights problematic areas in freight collaboration is proposed to support standardizing collaborative practices in the freight industry. Three published freight industry collaboration business cases were evaluated against the model. The business model framework is intended as a tool to be used to compare different business models and identify the best innovations to help facilitate collaborative practices. The freight collaboration business model was applied to the Freight Share Lab research project in order to demonstrate the concept and investigate whether efficiency can be unlocked through deployment of a dynamic data and asset sharing platform to enable route and load optimization across multiple fleets of freight vehicles, rail freight wagons and containers.
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Baranov, Leonid A., Valentina G. Sidorenko, and Ludmila N. Loginova. "Passenger fl ows modeling approaches within the framework of the functioning of the Intelligent control system of urban rail transportation systems." Automation on Transport 7, no. 4 (December 2021): 539–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2412-9186-2021-7-4-539-564.
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The emergence of a large number of transport interchange hubs, changes in megalopolis transport system’s confi guration leads to increasing number of passengers and changing in passenger fl ows using rail transport, which aff ects its functioning and requires consideration when creating and organizing 560 Интеллектуальные системы управления Автоматика на транспорте. № 4, том 7, декабрь 2021 the operation of an intelligent control system for urban rail transport systems. The analysis of the experience in the passenger fl ows study will make it possible to create new algorithms for forecasting passenger traffi c using modern technologies of agent-based modelling and technical vision. The article discusses a parking vehicles model, which allows to consider the factors aff ecting the duration of parking: passenger traffi c, platform unoccupied time, the number of passengers carried, the number of wagons in the train. The article develops structural and mathematical models of passenger fl ows of a transport interchange hub, designed to study the dynamics of an intelligent control system for urban rail transport systems. As an example, when constructing a mathematical model, the interaction of passenger fl ows within the Dmitrovskaya transport-interchange hub was considered, in which there is an intersection of passenger fl ows of three urban rail transport systems: a tramway station, Dmitrovskaya station, which is a station of the Riga direction of Moscow railway and a stopping point of the MCD-2 line of the Moscow Central Diameters, the Dmitrovskaya station of the Moscow Metro.
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Carneiro, Eduardo Batista Jenz, Paulo Afonso Lopes da Silva, and Luiz Antônio Silveira Lopes. "A NEW APPROACH TO SPEED OPTIMIZATION OF EMPTY PLATFORM WAGONS IN THE SOUTHEAST REGION OF BRAZIL / UMA NOVA ABORDAGEM PARA A OTIMIZAÇÃO DE VELOCIDADE DE VAGÕES DE PLATAFORMA VAZIOS NA REGIÃO SUDESTE DO BRASIL." Brazilian Journal of Development 6, no. 12 (2020): 95802–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv6n12-172.
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Michie, Craig, Ivan Andonovic, Christopher Davison, Andrew Hamilton, Christos Tachtatzis, Nicholas Jonsson, Carol-Anne Duthie, Jenna Bowen, and Michael Gilroy. "The Internet of Things enhancing animal welfare and farm operational efficiency." Journal of Dairy Research 87, S1 (August 2020): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029920000680.
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AbstractThe growth in wirelessly enabled sensor network technologies has enabled the low cost deployment of sensor platforms with applications in a range of sectors and communities. In the agricultural domain such sensors have been the foundation for the creation of decision support tools that enhance farm operational efficiency. This Research Reflection illustrates how these advances are assisting dairy farmers to optimise performance and illustrates where emerging sensor technology can offer additional benefits. One of the early applications for sensor technology at an individual animal level was the accurate identification of cattle entering into heat (oestrus) to increase the rate of successful pregnancies and thus optimise milk yield per animal. This was achieved through the use of activity monitoring collars and leg tags. Additional information relating to the behaviour of the cattle, namely the time spent eating and ruminating, was subsequently derived from collars giving further insights of economic value into the wellbeing of the animal, thus an enhanced range of welfare related services have been provisioned. The integration of the information from neck-mounted collars with the compositional analysis data of milk measured at a robotic milking station facilitates the early diagnosis of specific illnesses such as mastitis. The combination of different data streams also serves to eliminate the generation of false alarms, improving the decision making capability. The principle of integrating more data streams from deployed on-farm systems, for example, with feed composition data measured at the point of delivery using instrumented feeding wagons, supports the optimisation of feeding strategies and identification of the most productive animals. Optimised feeding strategies reduce operational costs and minimise waste whilst ensuring high welfare standards. These IoT-inspired solutions, made possible through Internet-enabled cloud data exchange, have the potential to make a major impact within farming practices. This paper gives illustrative examples and considers where new sensor technology from the automotive industry may also have a role.
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Tretiak, E. V. "PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TANK CONTAINER FOR TRANSPORTATION OF VEGETABLE OILS UNDER IMPACT TEST." Railbound Rolling Stock, no. 21 (December 24, 2020): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47675/2304-6309-2020-21-44-57.
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The paper presents the assessment of the fat – and-oil industry of Ukraine. Leaders of the largest producers of sunflower oil in Ukraine were determined in percentage terms; they are LLC "European Transport Stevedoring Company" (6.6% of total production), LLC Optimus Agro Trade (6.1%), LLC Pridneprovsky SEZ, Ltd (4.7%) and PJSC "Vinnitsa OZHK" (4.7%). The development of oil and fat enterprises of Ukraine was analyzed and the main problems were identified, which include the choice of transportation means of vegetable oils from factories to the seaport and the territorial location of factories producing vegetable oils. It is established that at present the currently relevant type of transportation of bulk cargo has become tank containers, as transportation in them is carried out without intermediate overflow of the product when changing the mode of transport, which ensures the increased safety of transportation and cargo, as well as contributing to the environmental security during the transportation process. The article includes the classification of tank containers and identification of the main world manufacturers of chemical and food tank containers. It is determined that the construction of the tank container should withstand the action of its own forces of inertia, which occur during the movement of the vehicle, as well as under impact of wagons that occur during shunting operations, including gravity marshalling yard, emergency braking and other emergencies that may occur during operation under the following accelerations: in the longitudinal direction Pпр it is 2 g; in transverse direction Pп it is 1 g; in the vertical direction Pв it is 2 g; under impact: for a loaded container with dangerous goods the acceleration is 4 g; for a loaded container with a safe cargo it is 2 g; for an empty container (to check the fittings) it is 5 g. The paper describes the procedure for obtaining dynamic characteristics of a tank-container for transporting vegetable oils placed on a platform car under impact tests. The presented example of obtaining the values of accelerations that act on the load-bearing structure of the tank-container under impact shows that the designed construction of the tank-container meets the regulatory requirements for strength characteristics.
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Sulym, Andrii, Pavlo Khozia, Eduard Tretiak, Václav Píštěk, Oleksij Fomin, and Pavel Kučera. "Aspects of Strength Testing of Tank Containers in Compliance with the Requirements of the UN Navigation Rules and Regulations." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 3 (March 23, 2021): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9030349.
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This article deals with the method of computer-aided studies of the results of tank container impact tests to confirm the ability of portable tanks and multi-element gas containers to withstand the impact in the longitudinal direction on a specially equipped test rig or using a railway flat car by impacting a flat car with a striking car, in compliance with the requirements of the UN Navigation Rules and Regulations. It is shown that the main assessed characteristic of the UN requirements is the spectrum of the shock response (accelerations) for the interval natural frequencies of the shock pulse. The calculation of the points of the shock response spectrum curve based on the test results is reproduced in four stages. A test configuration of the impact testing of the railway flat car with a tank container is presented, and the impact is performed in such a way that, under a single impact, the shock spectrum curve obtained during the tests for both fittings subjected to impact repeats or exceeds the minimum shock spectrum curve for all frequencies in the range of 2 Hz to 100 Hz. Formulas for determining the relative displacements and accelerations for the interval natural frequencies of the shock wave are given. The research results are presented in graphical form, indicating that the experimental values of the shock response spectrum exceed the minimum permissible values; the equation of the experimental curve of the shock response spectrum in the frequency range 0–100 Hz is described by power-law dependence. The coefficients of the equation were determined by the statistical method of maximum likelihood with the determination factor being 0.897, which is a satisfactory value; a comparative analysis showed that the experimental curve of the impact response spectrum in the frequency range 0–100 Hz exceeds the normalized curve, which confirms compliance with regulatory requirements. A new test configuration is proposed using a tank car with a bulk liquid, the processes in which upon impact differ significantly from other freight wagons under longitudinal impact loads of the tank container. The hydraulic impact resulting from the impact on the tank container and the platform creates an overturning moment that causes the rear fittings to be unloaded.
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Varsan, Evhen. "Features of organization of medico-legal expert researches in the cases of the mass injuring of victims in the salon of bus." Forensic-medical examination, no. 1 (May 29, 2017): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.1.2017.7.
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The article deals with certain medico-legal aspects of trauma in the salon of bus as one of the types of road traffic accidents with a large number of dead and injured. Are shown the typical causes of such incidents and the nature of the victims injury. Was developed and proposed a modern approach to optimization of expert research in case of appearance a large number of victims in the bus.
Circumstances of injury in case of personal injury people in the bus are very diverse:− rollover of the bus when transporting a large number of people while driving;− bus falling from height;− a massive collision with a fixed roadside objects;
− collision with other vehicles; among the latter is the most fatal bus collision with a moving train.Naturally, in these cases, the massive injuries have affected depends on the intensity of injury to passengers in the bus, and the mechanism of damage is determined by the specific form of an accident involving a bus. In such cases, the experts faced, usually with mechanical trauma inside the cabin, and mixed types of injuries passengers (e.g. in case of fire). For in-car trauma characterized by formation damage from the following mechanisms:− shock bodies on the inner part of the interior (interior);− injuries from the shards of broken glass.Basically, the nature of injury is determined by the structural features of the bus, the presence of foreign objects, the location of the victims. If the vehicle rolls over, the occupants people are numerous additional impact. Formed characteristic for the driver damage to the hands, fractures of the sternum fractures of the hips, legs and feet. For passengers is characteristic fractures of the lower limbs, bruised head wounds, fractures and dislocations of the cervical spine when using the seat belts − stripe-like bruises and abrasions ofthe chest and abdomen, broken ribs, collarbone, sternum, in the projection of the belts. Shards of broken glass caused by the multiple linear abrasions and (or) surface or deep cut wounds mainly in the face and upper extremities. In the case of deformation of the bus body can be compression of the bodies are formed by damage to several areas, primarily the chest, abdomen, extremities, accompanied by multiple bilateral rib fractures, ruptures of internal organs. If in the future there is a fire or explosion of the vehicle, the nature of thedamage detected on the bodies will correspond to the combined injury.In cases of injuries in the bus to work with the bodies of the victims begins at the scene. Thus, the Protocol of inspection of the scene and of the corpse in the first place should reflect the data about the mutual position of bodies and (or) their fragments relative to the vehicle and other parts, the distance between them; the condition of clothing, odors from it, the presence of different overlays, damage; contamination of the skin; localization and nature of the injuries on the bodies, the presence of deformations of its individualparts; the presence of traces of biological origin on the vehicle in comparison with the nature of the deformation (damage) of the body.Be sure to note the results of the inspection of the road where there was a traffic accident, a bus traces of blood, and fragments of various things, etc.
Despite the small percentage of bus injured in world General statistics of fatal injuries, it presents certain difficulties in planning, organization, execution and coordination of forensic work on multi-step liquidation of medical consequences of the accident, usually associated with a large number of victims, gross impact of factors affecting on the bodies of the victims, the need to quickly address some specific issues: establishing at autopsy pathological symptoms that indicate the status of the health of drivers in the period priorto the tragic event; the existence of facts pointing to the use of intoxicating and medicinal substances that depress the nervous system and many others), early identification of all victims. According to the results of the analysis made it impossible to offer modern, optimal, evidence-informed, and until only itremains to be reliable in practice the system approach to the organizational model of forensic activities, while ensuring the interests of the investigation of an accident involving a bus and a large number of victims:1. The preliminary stage of organization expert services. It can conditionally enough be divided into 2 phases:− advance (pre-) phase;− the immediate phase.To the basic questions of the early phases include: early development, coordination and approval of the optimal legislative and other regulatory framework; preliminary methodological, administrative and organizational, theoretical-practical, logistical, software and applied training; exercise reasonable estimates of projected short and long term needs and costs with regard to the peculiarities specified by the tragic events; creation, storage, use and replenishment of the trust reserves, logistical and financial resources areinviolable, is intended solely for use in such emergencies. It also includes the creation, maintenance and continuous improvement of a Single centralized situation center on a temporary or permanent basis, with a good system of departmental and interdepartmental cooperation, primarily containing a - operational information-Supervisory and analytical center for the collection, processing, storage, information exchange and joint action with the threat, occurrence and prevention of emergencies with a large number of victims.Immediately with the receipt of the news of the accident involving a bus and a large number of victims for forensic services begin immediate phase, the main elements of which include:− prompt notification and collection of employees and expert institutions;− an emergency conference call to discuss the organizational, theoretical and practical questions and short specialized trainingon occupational safety, including use of personal protective equipment depending on the nature of the accident and actions are potentially dangerous to health and life of employees and expert institutions factors.All plans of measures are necessarily coordinated and agreed with appropriate representatives of structures of fast reaction, especially when conducting urgent investigative actions in the emergency areas, primarily the inspection of the scene.
2. The inspection of the crime scene it is advisable to start with a preliminary review («intelligence»), which finally determined the necessity of application of those or other technical means, and the number of specialists who will participate in the inspection.The static phase of scene examination with the participation of forensic doctors is accompanied by clear mapping; mapping, photo - and video fixing of vehicle, various objects; it is noted the exact relative positions of the bus (its parts) and discovered the corpses, fragments of human remains and other biological material. During dynamic examination of the scene produce a detailed external examination of the human remains, their fragments, biological material, perform primary medical sorting, their careful packaging,clear detailed marking. Then performed the proper loading, transportation and unloading. In case of need in a temporary Deposit of biological material, can be used in railway wagons refrigerators, refrigerated trailers, mobile camera with a refrigeration unit, and in the absence or lack of volume for the total number of remains and the biomaterial deploys heat-resistant boxes, fit the space with the use of outdoor mobile air conditioning systems, large amounts of ice obtained from specialized industrial ice makers, etc., which is especially important for braking processes of rotting corpses, their fragments and biomaterial in the warm season.3. After the initial registration and a secondary sort examine corpses, their fragments and biological material collection for postmortem identification of significant information, determine the cause of death, nature, mechanism and prescription of formation damage and address other special issues. At this stage also produce the identification of fragmented body parts and (or) tissues that or another body. In expert identification work on the fragments of human remains or biological material, preference is given to genetic research providing highly accurate results. Depending on the extent of influence of damaging factors on the bodies of the victims and their degree of preservation, only after the completion of the necessary is judicial-medical research with a full range of fence material for additional research, producing restoration of the exterior, embalming, sanitary and cosmetic processing of human remains and give them to relatives (relatives, authorized representatives, etc.) for burial.
4. Issued the final results of examinations; establishes data that may be useful for later investigative and judicial actions aimed at gathering and verification of evidence in a criminal case.5. The penultimate stage consists of conducting sanitary-and-hygienic, treatment-and-prophylactic, rehabilitation (including a full psychological) of interventions for physical and mental health of employees and expert institutions involved in this work.6. After the conclusion of the criminal proceedings in general, with the official opening of data access, it is advisable to analyze the material, and publish the relevant data in the scientific literature, with the goal of widespread study and use of gained experience.CONCLUSIONS.1. Research platform forensic activities in cases of accidents involving buses and a large number of victims to date have not been developed.2. The effectiveness of forensic medical groups in this situation is in direct proportion to the degree of readiness for quick response and timely quality completion of tasks.3. Based on this, very urgent is the development of modern optimal evidence-based systemic approach to the organizational model of forensic activities in the presence of a large number of injured persons in the bus; the solution to this problem and sent the above recommendations.4. The recommendations, in principle, can be applied not only in cases of injuries in the bus, but also to similar situations in which there is a massive injury and loss of life.5. It is necessary to continue scientific and practical research aimed at improving this algorithm works experts.
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"Investigation of the dynamics of the improved background construction of the wagon-platform when doing fire action from it." Collection of scientific works of the State University of Infrastructure and Technologies series "Transport Systems and Technologies" 35 (June 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2617-9040-2020-35-4.
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Saponara, Sergio, Abdussalam Elhanashi, and Alessio Gagliardi. "Real-time video fire/smoke detection based on CNN in antifire surveillance systems." Journal of Real-Time Image Processing, November 10, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11554-020-01044-0.
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Abstract This work presents a real-time video-based fire and smoke detection using YOLOv2 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in antifire surveillance systems. YOLOv2 is designed with light-weight neural network architecture to account the requirements of embedded platforms. The training stage is processed off-line with indoor and outdoor fire and smoke image sets in different indoor and outdoor scenarios. Ground truth labeler app is used to generate the ground truth data from the training set. The trained model was tested and compared to the other state-of-the-art methods. We used a large scale of fire/smoke and negative videos in different environments, both indoor (e.g., a railway carriage, container, bus wagon, or home/office) or outdoor (e.g., storage or parking area). YOLOv2 is a better option compared to the other approaches for real-time fire/smoke detection. This work has been deployed in a low-cost embedded device (Jetson Nano), which is composed of a single, fixed camera per scene, working in the visible spectral range. There are not specific requirements for the video camera. Hence, when the proposed solution is applied for safety on-board vehicles, or in transport infrastructures, or smart cities, the camera installed in closed-circuit television surveillance systems can be reused. The achieved experimental results show that the proposed solution is suitable for creating a smart and real-time video-surveillance system for fire/smoke detection.