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1
Estatutos do Movimento Democrático Força de Mudança-Partido Liberal. São Tomé e Príncipe]: MDFM/PL, 2009.
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Cernison, Matteo. Social Media Activism. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462980068.
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This book focuses on the referendums against water privatization in Italy and explores how activists took to social media, ultimately convincing twenty-seven million citizens to vote. Investigating the relationship between social movements and internet-related activism during complex campaigns, this book examines how a technological evolution — the increased relevance of social media platforms — affected in very different ways organizations with divergent characteristics, promoting at the same time decentralized communication practices, and new ways of coordinating dispersed communities of people. Matteo Cernison combines and adapts a wide set of methods, from social network analysis to digital ethnography, in order to explore in detail how digital activism and face-to-face initiatives interact and overlap. He argues that the geographical scale of actions, the role played by external media professionals, and the activists’ perceptions of digital technologies are key elements that contribute in a significant way to shape the very different communication practices often described as online activism.
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Beniczky, Sándor, Harald Aurlien, Jan Brøgger, Ronit Pressler, and Lawrence J. Hirsch. Standardizing EEG Interpretation and Reporting. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0026.
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This chapter describes how to standardize electroencephalographic (EEG) interpretation and reporting in clinical practice. The Standardized Computer-Based Organized Reporting of EEG (SCORE) software program was developed by an international taskforce under the auspices of the International League Against Epilepsy and the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Clinically relevant features are scored by choosing predefined terms in the software. This process automatically generates a report and at the same time builds up a database for education, quality assurance, and research. SCORE is the template used for the interactive online educational EEG platform of this textbook.
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Howlett, David J. Dealing with Diversity, 1965–2012. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038488.003.0010.
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This chapter focuses on religious diversity. Whatever their political or social outlook, religious groups in late twentieth-century America positioned themselves as arbiters of social morality related to race, gender, and sexuality. Perhaps unsurprisingly, some temple visitors look at the Kirtland temple as a place of encounter where social questions can be explored, questioned, and argued. This is not totally without precedent. Before 1965, the social morality discussed at the temple dealt almost exclusively with nineteenth-century Mormon polygamy. By 2012, the issues were still about sexuality, but they had changed. The primary social issues that drew visitors' attention were the Community of Christ's position on same-sex relationships and gender roles. Ultimately, the Kirtland Temple was and is a platform for reinforcing the identities of various religious groups as well as a place where they can momentarily transcend their differences.
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Maryanski, Alexandra, and Jonathan H. Turner. The Neurology of Religion. Edited by Rosemary L. Hopcroft. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190299323.013.33.
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The human propensity for religious behavior and, eventually, religious organization is the by-product of natural selection working on the neuroanatomy of low-sociality and non-group-forming hominins to become more social and group oriented as a necessary strategy for survival on the African savanna. Using cladistic analysis to determine the behavioral and organizational propensities of the last common ancestor to present-day great apes and humans’ hominin ancestors, while at the same time engaging in comparative neuroanatomy of extant great-ape and human brains, the neurological basis of religion is isolated. Religion emerged under early selection pressures to make hominins more social and able to form stable groups. From the combination of dramatically increased emotionality and cognitive functioning, the transition from Homo erectus to Homo sapiens approximately 300,000 year ago created the neurological platform for religious behaviors among early humans.
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Frosio, Giancarlo, ed. Oxford Handbook of Online Intermediary Liability. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198837138.001.0001.
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The theoretical—and market—background against which the intermediary liability debate developed has changed considerably since the first appearance of online intermediaries almost two decades ago. These changes have been reflected—or will soon most likely be reflected—in changing policy approaches. The role of Online Service Providers (OSPs) is unprecedented for their capacity to influence the informational environment and users’ interactions within it. The ethical implications of OSPs’ role in contemporary information societies are raising unprecedented social challenges. The decisions made by these platforms increasingly shape contemporary life. Therefore, whether and when access providers and communications platforms such as Google, Twitter, and Facebook are liable for their users’ online activities is a key factor that affects innovation and fundamental rights. There are emerging legal, policy, and ethical issues facing online intermediaries that have so far received various inconsistent answers even within the same jurisdiction. To better understand the heterogeneity of the international online intermediary liability regime, The Oxford Handbook of Online Intermediary Liability is designed to provide a comprehensive, authoritative, and ‘state-of-the-art’ discussion of this topic. This book will review fundamental legal issues in online intermediary liability, while also describing advances in intermediary liability theory and identifying recent policy trends.
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Zanforlin, Mario. Stereokinetic Phenomena. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0084.
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Stereokinetic phenomena are visual illusions of three-dimensional objects produced by various drawings stuck on a platform rotating on the frontal plane. They are of theoretical interest because the phenomena cannot be explained by a “rigidity assumption” like other structures from motion, but they can be explained by a Gestalt general principle that minimizes speed differences. Other unique factors included (a) they do not appear to rotate but describe a circular translation (a movement analogous to that of a hand drawing a circle with the thumb oriented to the left and all its points moving at the same speed); (b) they appear to be three-dimensional and solid; and (c) they appear of a well-defined length in depth. This chapter discusses stereokinetic phenomena, including the related principles regarding the rigidity assumption, speed minimum difference, minimum principle, rotating figures, three-dimensional illusions, rotating circles, rotating ellipses, and rotating bar.
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United Nations. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women., ed. Status of ratification and implementation: Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), Platform of Action of the Fourth World Conference on Women (FWCW) : American Samoa, Cook Islands, Niue, Samoa, Tokelau. Apia, Samoa: SUNGO, 2000.
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Joshi, Mahesh K., and J. R. Klein. Entrepreneurship as the New Driver of Business. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827481.003.0019.
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Entrepreneurship has enabled the individual to challenge existing corporations with a new model more efficient than the traditional one. The entrepreneur’s model provides almost instant connection to local geography and international markets at the same time. With the support of capital, entrepreneurs are not only driving a creative destruction of existing business but also developing new business models, ideas to make new products, and developing new technologies. Places like Silicon Valley provide the ecosystem required for successfully breeding entrepreneurship with its education system with cutting-edge research, culture, acceptance of failure, and availability of finance. Entrepreneurial development has moved from the development hardware and software, to the creation of, and access to, technology platforms, and the development of new business models. Replication of new business models is now almost instantaneous.
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Blumhofer, Edith L. Singing to Save. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190683528.003.0004.
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This chapter explores an integral aspect of Billy Graham’s crusades: music, the people responsible for it, its role in bringing diversity to Graham crusade platforms, and its influence on post–World War II Christian song. For the sixty-year span of the crusades, choir director Cliff Barrows and soloist George Beverly Shea were the most visible members of Graham’s team, setting the tone for every sermon and response. They understood crusade music as part of the ministry flow, not as entertainment. The goal of every song was the same as the goal of every sermon—bringing people to a moment of decision. Over the years, many popular artists brought to the crusades a wide variety of musical styles, from classical to hip-hop, featuring guest artists that brought ethnic, regional, gender, and racial diversity. But the dependable elements Barrows and Shea adhered to gave the crusades remarkable musical consistency.
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Woolley, Samuel C., and Philip N. Howard. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190931407.003.0011.
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Political communication around the world has evolved significantly through social media. Changes are apparent both in terms of social practices and core technological tools: these include the infrastructure upon which political communication occurs, the salience of its effects, and the habits of its practitioners. Several of these advancements have benefited global democracy. Platforms such as Twitter, YouTube, and Facebook have been at the heart of communication and organization during pivotal moments of popular activism since 2010: the Arab Spring, the Occupy Movement, and the Umbrella Protests in Hong Kong among them (Howard, 2010; Bennett & Segerberg, 2013; Woolley, 2016). These same sites have been, increasingly over the last five years, normalized for political control by the powerful. Each of the chapters in this collection highlight the ways that digital media have been co-opted in efforts to manipulate public opinion for various means from the usage of bot armies.
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Hudson, Dale. Other Vampires, Other Hollywoods: Serialized Citizenship and Narrowcast Difference. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474423083.003.0008.
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This chapter explores an explosion of serialized vampires after television’s deregulation. Like newspapers and newscasts, serialized television can produce national audiences around topical issues about citizenship and difference. What cinema often excludes due to the financial risk, television can include by offshoring production and narrowcasting transmission. Although Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997–2003) ushered in “girl power” and a place for same-sex relationships, it was criticized for its racial insensitivity. With greater racial/ethnic diversity, True Blood, The Vampire Diaries, and The Originals explore legacies of racial oppression. Transnational Hollywood largely masks locations, prioritizing economic over cultural consideration. Some series are produced in southern California, others elsewhere—Gabriel, amor inmortal (2008) in Florida, The Vampire Diaries and The Originals in Georgia, True Blood in Louisiana, From Dusk till Dawn: The Series (2014–present) in Texas, The Strain (2014–present) in Ontario, and Penny Dreadful (2014–2016) in Ireland. Web series emerge as a means of narrative and economic experimentation, ranging from UGC in The Hunted (2001–present) to cross-platform marketing and narrative experiments of Valemont (2009) and Carmilla (2014–present) to videogames.
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Core Indicators 2019: Health Trends in the Americas. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275121283.
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Core Indicators 2019: Health Trends in the Americas starts with a demographic overview of the Americas to demonstrate how the Region has changed over 25 years. These key demographic indicators provide valuable context to better understand the population’s characteristics and their impact on health. Brief narratives accompany the graphics to highlight important information. The second section, Trends in Health, 1995–2019, presents trend data for health indicators of interest within the topics of life expectancy, mortality, communicable and noncommunicable diseases, and risk factors. This section highlights remarkable strides in improving the population’s health within the Americas, while at the same time observing that there is still much more work ahead to ensure equitable health across the Region. The third section contains the traditional Core Indicators Data Tables updated each year for the past 25 years. The information in these tables reflects the data obtained from the 2019 round of data collection, reported from countries and territories, and UN Inter-Agency estimates. Table footnotes and notes in the appendixes provide the source and the years covered for the corresponding data. Core indicators data is always available online on the PLISA platform at www.paho.org/data/index.php/en/indicators.html.
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Kozlova, Ekaterina E. Maternal Grief in the Hebrew Bible. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796879.001.0001.
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This book explores the stories of biblical mothers who were placed at key junctures in Israel’s history to renegotiate the destinies not only of their own children, dead or lost, but also those of larger communities, i.e. family lines, ethnic groups, or entire nations. Since ‘rites in general are a context for the creation and transformation of social order’, these women used the circumstance of child loss as a platform for a kind of grief-driven socio-political activism. As maternal bereavement is generally understood as the most intense of all types of loss and was seen as archetypal of all mourning in the ancient Near East, Israelite communities in crisis deemed sorrowing motherhood as a potent agent in bringing about their own survival and resurgence back to normalcy. The book considers (1) modern examples of socio-political engagement among women that stems from child loss; (2) a survey of recent grief studies that identify maternal grief as the most intense and the most enduring among other types of bereavement; and (3) an overview of ancient Near Eastern cultures that viewed maternal grief as paradigmatic of all mourning and used ritual actions performed by mothers in contexts of large-scale catastrophes as mechanisms for dealing with a collective trauma. Against this background, the book discusses Hagar (Gen. 21), Rizpah (2 Sam. 21), the Tekoite (2 Sam. 14), and Rachel (Jer. 31), all of whom perform rites for their dying or dead children and exhibit a form of advocacy for society at large.
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Lecky, Katarzyna. Pocket Maps and Public Poetry in the English Renaissance. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834694.001.0001.
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If maps are instruments of power, then it matters that in Renaissance Britain they were often found in the pockets of ordinary people. Pocket Maps and Public Poetry in the English Renaissance demonstrates how early modern British poets paid by the state adapted inclusive modes of nationhood charted by inexpensive, small-format maps. It places chapbooks (“cheapbooks”) by Edmund Spenser, Samuel Daniel, Ben Jonson, William Davenant, and John Milton into conversation with the portable cartography circulating in the same retail print industry. Domestic pocket maps were designed for heavy use by a broad readership that included those on the fringes of literacy. The era’s de facto laureates all banked their success as writers appealing to this burgeoning market share by drawing the nation as the property of the commonwealth rather than the Crown. This book investigates the accessible world of small-format cartography as it emerges in the texts of the poets raised in the expansive public sphere in which pocket maps flourished. It works at the intersections of space, place, and national identity to reveal the geographical imaginary shaping the flourishing business of cheap print. Its placement of poetic economies within mainstream systems of trade also demonstrates how cartography and poetry worked together to mobilize average consumers as political agents. This everyday form of geographic poiesis was also a strong platform for poets writing for monarchs and magistrates when their visions of the nation ran counter to the interests of the government.
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Johnson, Jake. Mormons, Musical Theater, and Belonging in America. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042515.001.0001.
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American musical theater is often dismissed as frivolous or kitschy entertainment. But what if musicals actually mattered a great deal? What if perhaps the most innocuous musical genre in America actually defined the practices of Mormonism--America’s fastest-growing religion? Mormons, Musical Theater, and Belonging in America is an interdisciplinary study of voice, popular music, and American religion that analyzes the unexpected yet dynamic relationship between two of America’s most iconic institutions, Mormonism and American musical theater. This book argues that Mormonism and early American musical theater were cut from the same ideological cloth--formed in the early nineteenth century out of Jacksonian principles of self-fashioning, white supremacy, and broader understandings of the democratic principles of vicariousness. Throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, Mormons gravitated toward musicals as a common ideological platform, using musicals not only to practice a theology of voice but also to transition from outlier polygamist sect to become by the mid-twentieth century emblems of white, middle-class respectability in America. In an effort to become gods themselves, Mormons use the musical stage to practice transforming into someone they are not, modeling closely the theatrical qualities of Jesus and other spiritual leaders in Mormon mythology. Thus, learning to vicariously voice another person on the musical stage actually draws the faithful closer to godliness. Looking outward from the shared ideological roots of Mormonism and musical theater, this book offers a compelling study of how the ways Americans sound determine the paths of their belonging.
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Palmer, Landon. Rock Star/Movie Star. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190888404.001.0001.
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When midcentury Hollywood found itself struggling to compete within an expanding entertainment media landscape, certain producers and studios saw an opportunity in making films that showcased performances by rock ’n’ roll stars. Such stars eventually found cinema to be a useful space to extend their creative practices, and the motion picture and recording industries increasingly saw cinematic rock stardom as a profitable means to connect multiple media properties. This book examines how casting rock stars for film provided a tool for bridging new relationships across media industries and practices. Rock Star/Movie Star offers a new perspective on the role of stardom within the convergence of media industries. While hardly the first popular music culture to see its stars making the transition to screen, the timing of rock’s emergence and its staying power within popular culture proved fortuitous for a motion picture business searching for its place in the face of continuous technological and cultural change. At the same time, a post-star-system film industry provided a welcoming context for rock stars who have valued authenticity, creative autonomy, and personal expression. Examining stars from Elvis Presley to Madonna, this book uses illuminating archival resources to demonstrate how rock stars have often proven themselves to be prominent film workers exploring this terrain of platforms old and new—ideal media laborers whose power lies in the fact that they are rarely recognized as such.
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Ungemah, Joe. Punching the Clock. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190061241.001.0001.
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Punching the Clock takes the best of psychological science to explore whether humans will effectively adapt to the gig economy and the Future of Work. Although the world of work is changing at unprecedented speed, the drives and needs of workers have not. Technology in the form of artificial intelligence and robotic process automation continues to transform jobs, taking away routine tasks from workers, both cognitive and physical alike. Work is broken down into smaller and smaller packets that can be seamlessly reintegrated into broader work products. Workers no longer need to be full-time employees or even reside on the same continent. Rather, tenuous relationships with contractors, freelancers, volunteers, or other third parties have become the norm, using talent platforms to find and complete work. Yet, inside the minds of workers, the needs and biases that govern behavior continue as if nothing has happened. Like any other social environment, workplaces key into deep psychological processes that have developed over millennia and dictate with whom and how workers interact. Psychologists working across disciplines have amassed a great deal of insight about the human psyche but have not always been adept at articulating the practical implications of this insight, let alone how the human psyche will likely react to the gig economy. This book fills this void in knowledge by explaining what is really going on in the minds of coworkers, bringing this to life with a few surprising stories from the real world. Unlike the external world, the human psyche is a relative constant, which raises questions about just how much of the Future of Work can be realized without breaking down the social fabric of the workplace.
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Grau, Marion. Pilgrimage, Landscape, and Identity. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197598634.001.0001.
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The book explores the ritual geography of a pilgrimage system woven around local medieval saints in Norway and the renaissance of pilgrimage in contemporary majority-Protestant Norway, facing challenges of migration, xenophobia, and climate crisis. The study is concerned with historical narratives and communal contemporary reinterpretations of the figure of St. Olav, the first Christian king who was a major impulse toward conversion to Christianity and the unification of regions of Norway in a nation unified by a Christian law and faith. This initially medieval pilgrimage network, which originated after the death of Olav Haraldsson and his proclamation as saint in 1030, became repressed after the Reformation, which had a great influence on Scandinavia and shaped Norwegian Christianity overwhelmingly. Since the late 1990s, the Church of Norway participated in a renaissance that has grown into a remarkable infrastructure supported by national and local authorities. The contemporary pilgrimage by land and by sea to Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim is one site where this negotiation is paramount. The study maps how pilgrims, hosts, church officials, and government officials are renegotiating and reshaping narratives of landscape, sacrality, pilgrimage as a symbol of life journey, nation, identity, Christianity, and Protestant reflections on the durability of medieval Catholic saints. The redevelopment of this instance of pilgrimage in a majority-Protestant context negotiates various societal concerns, all of which are addressed by various groups of pilgrims or other actors in the network. One part of the network is the annual festival Olavsfest, a culture and music festival that actively and critically engages the contested heritage of St. Olav and the Church of Norway through theater, music, lectures, and discussions, and features theological and interreligious conversations. This festival is a platform for creative and critical engagement with the contested, violent heritage of St. Olav, the colonial history of Norway in relation to the Sami indigenous population, and many other contemporary social and religious issues. The study highlights facets of critical, constructive engagement of these majority-Protestant actors engaging legacy through forms of theological and ritual creativity rather than mere repetition.