Journal articles: 'Plates, Aluminum Testing'

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Odaci, Kutlay, Cenk Kılıçaslan, Alper Taşdemirci, Athanasios G. Mamalis, and Mustafa Güden. "Projectile Impact Testing Aluminum Corrugated Core Composite Sandwiches Using Aluminum Corrugated Projectiles: Experimental and Numerical Investigation." Materials Science Forum 910 (January 2018): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.910.102.

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E-glass/polyester composite plates and 1050 H14 aluminum trapezoidal corrugated core composite sandwich plates were projectile impact tested using 1050 H14 aluminum trapezoidal fin corrugated projectiles with and without face sheets. The projectile impact tests were simulated in LS-DYNA. The MAT_162 material model parameters of the composite were determined and then optimized by the quasi-static and high strain rate tests. Non-centered projectile impact test models were validated by the experimental and numerical back face displacements of the impacted plates. Then, the centered projectile impact test models were developed and the resultant plate displacements were compared with those of the TNT mass equal Conwep simulations. The projectiles with face sheets induced similar displacement with the Conwep blast simulation, while the projectiles without face sheets underestimated the Conwep displacements, which was attributed to more uniform pressure distribution with the use of the face sheets on the test plates.

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Mahvelati, Siavash, Joseph Thomas Coe, and Philip Asabere. "Field Investigation on the Effects of Base Plate Material on Experimental Surface Wave Data with MASW." Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics 25, no. 2 (June 2020): 255–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/jeeg18-056.

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Source characteristics significantly affect the signals generated during seismic testing. Proper source selection plays a major role in data quality and can potentially improve investigation outcomes. This is particularly true for surface wave testing where the goal is to establish the frequency variation of phase velocity. Little research has compared the input energy caused by different base plates when impact sources are used. Consequently, data were collected using the Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) method with three base plate configurations (aluminum, aluminum over a rubber mat, and polyethylene) and two different sledgehammers. The variations in signal frequency content and amplitude spectra, energy, and dispersion images were systematically analyzed. There were appreciable differences in the energy introduced by different base plate configurations. Both the aluminum/rubber and the polyethylene base plates led to power spectra increases relative to the aluminum base plate. Subsequently, the aluminum/rubber and polyethylene base plates typically transferred more energy into the subsurface. This was not necessarily the case when the base plates were used on soft surficial soils. The variations in predominant frequency content were also less substantial, though the aluminum/rubber and polyethylene base plates developed slightly lower-frequency content at the expense of higher-frequency components in the dispersion curves. Despite the noticeable differences in energy transfer and frequency content, the base plate materials did not appreciable alter interpretation of the dispersion behavior at the sites given the uncertainty present in the dispersion images. This highlights that the selection of MASW base plate materials can be correspondingly driven by practical considerations such as noise, portability, and durability. Consequently, base plate materials with viscoelastic characteristics are a promising alternative to conventional metallic plates for coupling impact sources in surface wave testing, though care should be exercised when employing them at sites with soft ground conditions.

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Kim, Jin Yong, John S. Hardy, and K. Scott Weil. "Use of aluminum in air-brazing aluminum oxide." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 6 (June 2004): 1717–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0221.

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A commercial aluminum foil was used to braze alumina plates in air. Although the outer surface of the aluminum oxidizes in air, the majority of the aluminum underneath remains unoxidized during brazing, allowing the ceramic pieces to be joined together with adequate strength. Joint strength testing and subsequent examination of the fracture surfaces of the joints indicate that the joints are inherently ductile, even after long-term, high-temperature air exposure.

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Zhao, Nai Zhi, Chang Tie Huang, and Xin Chen. "Structural Health Monitoring of Plate Structures Using Lamb Wave Methods." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 2417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.2417.

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In this paper，waveform is used to excite Lamb waves in the test plates during experimental testing. The optimal excitation frequency will depend on the test configuration. In order to select an excitation frequency, dispersion curves are first created to show what frequency range is best suited for Lamb wave excitation. According to dispersion curves were created for the aluminum test plates and it was concluded that a frequency below 1 MHz will be used in order to only excite the fundamental and modes. Experiments are performed on the aluminum test plates described. Experimental testing is first performed on undamaged plates in order to determine the path-to-path and test-to-test variability in Lamb wave measurements in the absence of damage. The admittance data is analyzed in order to determine if any of the PZT transducers need to be replaced because of poor bonding or mechanical failure. The sensor diagnostic technique is applied to each plate and used to ensure proper consistency between PZT transducers

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Hutagaol, Antonio Gogo, Imam Hidayat, Maman Kartaman Ajiriyanto, and Supaat Zakaria. "Post-Irradiation Mechanical Properties Prediction of Al 6070 of MTR-Fuel Bundle for Cutting Process." SINERGI 26, no. 2 (June 25, 2022): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2022.2.015.

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The Al 6070 is the side plate material of the MTR-fuel plate bundle. These post-irradiation mechanical properties will be used in the side plate cutting process to obtain certain plates from the MTR-fuel plate bundle. This activity is part of a series of post-irradiation test processes from the MTR-fuel plate bundle in order to determine its performance. After testing in the form of a bundle (assembly), then continued testing of certain plates from the bundle. Disassembly of the plate is carried out by cutting along the two side plates (aluminum alloy) that clamp the plate. The mechanical properties of the workpiece material are important factors that affect the conditions of the machining (cutting) process. Prediction of post-irradiation mechanical properties was carried out using the change percentage of before and after irradiation of other aluminum alloys. The prediction carried out with the Si transmutation as the dominant one affects the post-irradiation mechanical properties changes in aluminum alloys. The change percentage added the mechanical properties of the pre-irradiated side plate material of the MTR-fuel plate bundle. Pre-irradiation testing of the Al 6070, namely chemical composition tests, pre-irradiation mechanical properties tests, including hardness tests (micro), and tensile tests (max stress, yield stress, and % elongation). Prediction of changes in mechanical properties of side plate material (aluminum alloy, Al 6070) before irradiation, compared to after irradiation is: hardness value from 98.51 to 127 (gf/µm2), tensile strength from 265.371 to 398 (N/mm2), the yield strength from 204.2 to 306 N/mm2.

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Lin, Jia Horng, Ching Wen Lin, Chien Teng Hsieh, Chi Yu Chen, Po Ching Lu, and Ching Wen Lou. "Telecommunication Evaluation of Conductive Composite Plates." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 1972–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.1972.

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Two identical zigzag-shapes and an aluminum zigzag shape foil were combined as a slice testing piece. Each of the pieces was connected with AC. 110 V and AC. 12 V. The result indicated that the piece, whose tooth was 10mm wide with intervals of 15 mm, displayed an electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) of 30 mG with the load current of AC. 110 V. The EMSE of another piece, whose teeth wide was 5 mm with intervals of 10 mm, was 20 mG in the load current of AC. 12 V. This result proved that samples were with EMSE under the alternating current.

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Toader, Gabriela, Aurel Diacon, Edina Rusen, Florica Rizea, Mircea Teodorescu, Paul O. Stanescu, Celina Damian, et al. "A Facile Synthesis Route of Hybrid Polyurea-Polyurethane-MWCNTs Nanocomposite Coatings for Ballistic Protection and Experimental Testing in Dynamic Regime." Polymers 13, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 1618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13101618.

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This study describes a simple, practical, inexpensive, improved, and efficient novel method for obtaining polyurea-polyurethane-multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical properties, and their experimental testing in a dynamic regime. SEM and micro-CT investigations validated the homogeneity of the nanocomposite films and uniform dispersion of the nanofiller inside the polymeric matrix. The experimental measurements (TGA, DSC, DMA, and tensile tests) revealed improved thermal and mechanical properties of these new materials. To demonstrate that these nanocomposites are suitable for ballistic protection, impact tests were performed on aluminum plates coated with the polyurea-polyurethane MWCNTs nanocomposites, using a Hopkinson bar set-up. The experimental testing in the dynamic regime of the polyurea- polyurethane-coated aluminum plates confirmed that the nanocomposite layers allow the metal plate to maintain its integrity at a maximum force value that is almost 200% higher than for the uncoated metallic specimens.

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Mahdi, Elsadig, E. Eltai, Fatima Ghassan Alabtah, and Faysal Fayez Eliyan. "Mechanical Characterization of AA 6061-T6 MIG Welded Aluminum Alloys Using a Robotic Arm." Key Engineering Materials 913 (March 18, 2022): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-rhrr3n.

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Aluminum alloys are of particular interest in the design of lightweight structures in different applications. Accordingly, welding aluminum alloys (AA) is a critical issue; for example, welding defects could arise during the traditional welding of aluminum alloys. This paper investigates the effects of welding using a robotic arm on the mechanical properties of 6061-T6 Aluminum alloy, as plates joined by Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding. The tensile behavior and mechanical properties were investigated using tensile testing, hardness testing, and impact testing. The tensile behavior of AA-6061-T6 un-welded and welded specimens showed a decrease in the tensile strength of the welded specimens due to the fusion of the welded zone and the partially melted zone (PMZ). The hardness test showed an increase in the hardness values away from the welded zone, attributed to voids and defects in the welded and HAZ zones. In addition, the impact behavior showed that the maximum impact is in the base metal zone, and the minimum is in the HAZ. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the welded and un-welded Aluminum microstructures. The mechanical properties of AA 6061-T6 Aluminum alloy were sensitive to the novel welding process.

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Kong, Wensheng, Qi Wu, Fengming Yu, and Yoji Okabe. "OS6-2 Evaluation of Fatigue Damages in Aluminum Plates by Nonlinear Ultrasonics Observed by Phase-shifted Fiber Bragg Grating(Acoustic Emission and Ultrasonic Testing of Plates (1),OS6 Ultrasonic non-destructive testing and evaluation,MEASUREMENT METHODS)." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2015.14 (2015): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2015.14.73.

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Wisnujati, Andika. "ANALISIS SIFAT MEKANIK LAS TIG PADA PLAT ALUMINIUM SERI 5 DENGAN VARIABEL KUAT ARUS 65; 70; 75 A UNTUK MANUFAKTUR KENDARAAN AIR SAMPAN (CANOE)." POROS 15, no. 2 (January 6, 2018): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/poros.v15i2.1271.

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Abstract: In general, water vehicles or water transport commonly called canoes are still used in villages for fishermen to fish in the sea and in rivers. Aluminum alloy in this research using Aluminum series 5. Background of this research is to analyze the strength of TIG weld (Tungsten Inert Gas) connection in the canoe to get reliable samples and no leakage. In high TIG welding the low temperature is determined by the high-low of the electric current being flowed. The aluminum plate for the canoe is subjected to material composition testing and tensile testing to determine the physical and mechanical properties of the TIG welding joints on the aluminum series 5. TIG welding with the current variable 65, 70 and 75 Ampere. Testing specimens of 2mm thick with dimensions of 24x16 cm where the electric arc flame is generated by tungsten electrodes (non-feeding electrodes) with metal workpieces. Test results obtained include that welding on aluminum series 5 is done with AC current (Alternating Current) due to the action of cleaning the metal surface is greater. Thin metal work, TIG welding can be used without metal filler. Material composition test showed that aluminum content of 97,76% and magnesium main addition element equal to 1.753%. In tensile testing, the strong variations of current used to connect aluminum plates are 65, 70, and 75 Ampere produce different tensile strength. The highest tensile strength is generated on plate grafting using a strong current of 75 Ampere with a yield of 165.91 MPa. This is because with a strong current of 75 A, the welding liquid enters and fuses into the center of the aluminum, resulting in a strong welding joint.

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Azouaoui, Krimo, and Said Mouhoubi. "Study on Damage Modes of a Sandwich Panel Impacted Repeatedly." Advanced Materials Research 980 (June 2014): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.980.147.

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This paper describes an experimental investigation for determining the damage modes under low energy impact-fatigue of sandwich panels consisting of aluminum skins supported by honeycomb core made of aluminum. Square samples of 125mm by 125mm sides and 10mm thickness (skin of 0.6mm and 8.8mm of core) were subjected to impact fatigue loading using a testing machine at four different energy levels (2J, 3J, 5J and 7J). The square plates are clamped in a fixture system over a 100mm diameter hole. Three different diameters of impactor head (15mm, 25mm and 35mm) are used to study their influence on life duration of the sandwich plates. Results showed that damage area at impacted face and propagation of multi-cracks at rear face are greatly affected by energy level and impactor diameter.

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Batyrova, A. M. "CORROSION ACTIVITY OF PENOX-1 DISINFECTANT." Problems of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology 1, no. 1 (2021): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.san.hyg.ecol.202101011.

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One of the most important problems of the national economy is the protection of metal from corrosion, causing great damage to products and structures, shortening their useful life. Taking into account the importance of protecting metal structures of livestock objects from corrosion during disinfection work, the corrosion properties of the new Penox-1 disinfectant have been studied. Studies have shown that the tested drug «Penox-1» has a low corrosion activity in relation to metal products made of aluminum, galvanized iron and stainless steel, compared with the reference drug. Thus, the solution of the Penox-1 preparation reduced the initial weight of metal plates during 24 hours of exposure from aluminum by 0.196 g, which is 7.4%, and the standard preparation by 0.836 g or 32.1%, which is 4.3 times more . Similar data were obtained in a comparative aspect with galvanized iron and stainless steel plates. When examining metal plates after testing in a Penox-1 solution, the color and structure did not change visually and under a microscope. At that time, the plates immersed in a 2% sodium hydroxide solution changed strongly in color and structure, and a yellow-gray corrosive coating appeared.

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Zhao, Han, I. Nasri, and Hui Jian Li. "Mechanical Behaviour of Cellular Solids and Their Sandwich Panels under Impact Loading." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 1137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.1137.

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This paper presents a experimental study of the strength enhancement under impact loading of metallic cellular materials as well as sandwich panels with cellular core. A testing method using 60mm diameter Nylon Hopkinson pressure bars is used to investigate the rate sensitivity of various metallic cellular materials as honeycombs, foams. Finally, an inversed perforation test on sandwich panels with an instrumented pressure bar is also presented. Such a new testing setup provides piercing force time history measurement, generally inaccessible. Testing results show a notable enhancement of piercing forces, even though the skin aluminum plates and the foam cores are nearly rate insensitive.

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Kim, Dong-Il, Ku-Rak Jung, Yoon-Soo Jung, and Jae-Yeol Kim. "Detectable Depth of Copper, Steel, and Aluminum Alloy Plates with Pulse-Echo Laser Ultrasonic Propagation Imaging System." Metals 11, no. 10 (October 9, 2021): 1607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11101607.

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Pulse-echo laser ultrasonic propagation imaging is a nondestructive testing technique developed for composite materials and aluminum alloys used in aerospace. Although this method has been in usage for a considerable time, information of the detectable depth and the relationship between ultrasonic frequencies and the acoustic properties of metals is not readily available. Therefore, we investigate the A-scan and C-scan ultrasonic testing data of aluminum alloy, hot rolled steel, stainless steel, and copper alloy, which are used in aircraft bodies, frameworks, and gas pipelines. Experiments are performed with the pulse-width and excitation laser power fixed at 32 ns and approximately 4 W, respectively. The metal specimens include 24 artificial cylindrical defects with a diameter of 5 mm, located at depths of 1–12 mm on the front surface. The A-scan and C-scan data obtained at room temperature indicate the detectable depth for metals via the pulse-echo laser ultrasonic propagation imaging technique.

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Moschinger, Matthias, Florian Mittermayr, and Norbert Enzinger. "Influence of Beam Figure on Porosity of Electron Beam Welded Thin-Walled Aluminum Plates." Materials 15, no. 10 (May 13, 2022): 3519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15103519.

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Welded aluminum components in the aerospace industry are subject to more stringent safety regulations than in other industries. Electron beam welding as a highly precise process fulfills this requirement. The welding of aluminum poses a challenge due to its high tendency to pore formation. To gain a better understanding of pore formation during the process, 1.5 mm thick aluminum AW6082 plates were welded using specially devised beam figures in different configurations. The obtained welds were examined with radiographic testing to evaluate the size, distribution, and the number of pores. Cross-sections of the welds were investigated with light microscopy and an electron probe microanalyzer to decipher the potential mechanisms that led to porosity. The examined welds showed that the porosity is influenced in various ways by the used figures, but it cannot be completely avoided. Chemical and microstructural analyzes have revealed that the main mechanism for pore formation was the evaporation of the alloying elements Mg and Zn. This study demonstrates that the number of pores can be reduced and their size can be minimized using a proper beam figure and energy distribution.

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Zhou, Yu Tong, Zheng Qiang Zhou, Jiong Geng Wang, Hong Jian Luo, Jie Zhang, and Jia Yuan Hu. "Study on Cracking of Aluminum Alloy Strain Clamps for 500kV Transmission Line." Solid State Phenomena 279 (August 2018): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.279.10.

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It was found that a large number of aluminum alloy strain clamps cracked. Cracking mainly occurred in the drainage plate of strain clamps. Nondestructive testing technologies and physicochemical analysis devices such as optical microscope, spectrograph, SEM and EDS were adopted to analyze the reasons of cracking. The results tell that there are numerous shrinkage cavities and cracks inside the drainage plate of strain clamps. The maximum area fraction of shrinkage cavities is 10.7%, and the maximum size is over 1mm2. A lot of shrinkage cavities and cracks gather together to form big flaws, which seriously reduce the mechanical properties of the drainage plates. After a long period of vibration, cracks gradually develop to the surrounding cavities and connect adjacent cavities. Eventually, cracks develop to the surface of drainage plates.

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Siregar, Rakhmad Arief, S. F. Khan, and Cheah T. Foo. "Study of Impact Behavior of Aluminum Thin Plate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 786 (August 2015): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.786.345.

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The behavior of thin plate subjected to impact loading is still an interesting field to study. This paper studies about Aluminum thin plate perforation. It focused on the experimental result of thin plate perforation. The thin plates are tested using blunt and conical strikers on a instrumented impact testing machine. Two different thicknesses of was used to observed the maximum work done with four impact velocities. The result indicated that the maximum work done increased proportionally with impact velocities. In addition, an elastic FEM analysis is carried out to confirm the experimental result by using ANSYS software. Both experimental and numerical results showed a close agreement.

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Deng, Weiquan, Jun Bao, Siqi Luo, and Xin Xiong. "Simulation Analysis of Eddy Current Testing Parameters for Surface and Subsurface Defect Detection of Aviation Aluminum Alloy Plate." Journal of Sensors 2022 (March 11, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8111998.

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In the process of eddy current testing (ECT) of surface and subsurface defects of aviation aluminum alloy plates, the setting of parameters is important to the test results. Inappropriate test parameters can cause false detection or even missed detection of defects. To address this problem, the effects of probe type, coil size, and excitation frequency on the accurate identification and quantitative evaluation of surface and subsurface defect detection were studied and analyzed in this study to determine the best testing parameters. The experimental results show that the absolute probe with an outer radius of 3.3 mm has better detection performance for aviation aluminum alloy plate defects. There are different optimal excitation frequency ranges for the surface and subsurface defects. An excitation frequency of 80 kHz to 90 kHz can be used for the detection of unknown defects.

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Hwang, Shun Fa, Cyuan Kuan Yeh, and Rong Song He. "Characterization of Composite Materials Using an Inverse Technique." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 1299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.1299.

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Combining vibration testing and numerical method is a potential inverse technique for determining elastic constants of materials because of its nondestructive characteristic, single test, and producing average properties. In order to simplify the modeling processes and to reduce complicated derivation in the numerical method, the combination of finite element analysis and optimum design is adopted in this work. A finite element package, ANSYS, is used to do the modal analysis of the composite plate. A hybrid genetic algorithm, in which a simulated annealing mutation process and adaptive mechanisms are added to the real-parameter genetic algorithm, is used to search the possible elastic constants. After obtaining the natural frequencies of the composite plates from vibration testing, this inverse technique could predict the elastic constants of the composite plate. The inverse technique is verified by comparing with other methods and by determining the elastic constants of aluminum plates, and the excellence of including the hybrid genetic algorithm is proved. The results also indicate that the present technique could obtain very accurate elastic constants of composite plates.

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Señorís-Puentes, Sara, Ricardo Fernández Serrano, Gaspar González-Doncel, Jesper Henri Hattel, and Oleg V. Mishin. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded AA6061/AA6061 + 40 vol% SiC Plates." Metals 11, no. 2 (January 23, 2021): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11020206.

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The feasibility of butt friction stir welding (FSW) of a metal matrix composite (MMC) with a very high SiC particle content to a monolithic aluminum alloy is tested in this work. It is demonstrated for the first time that sound FSW joints can be obtained between an AA6061 aluminum plate and a thick MMC plate consisting of AA6061 reinforced with 40 vol% SiC particles. The joints withstand tensile testing, with ductile failure taking place in a soft region of the heat-affected zone on the alloy side. Metallographic examination of the MMC side after FSW reveals curved bands, where both the frequency of SiC particles and hardness are significantly lower than those in any other region on the MMC side. It is suggested that these bands are produced by transporting the alloy material to the MMC side, where the alloy is mechanically mixed with the MMC.

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Winarto, W., M. Anis, and B. Eka Febryansyah. "Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys and Pure Copper Joints." MATEC Web of Conferences 269 (2019): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926901001.

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Joining dissimilar metal alloys such as aluminum and copper is very difficult to be done because of alterations in chemical, metallurgical and physical behavior. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid-state welding technique which is one of the new methods used for joining the dissimilar metal. The material used is aluminum alloy 5052 and pure copper plates. The welding parameters were carried out with variable geometry shape of pin tools: taper and threaded cylindrical pin tools. Also preheating were performed on the part of copper plates with temperatures at both 25°C and 200°C. The friction stir welding of dissimilar joints was carried out at the rotary tool speed of 2800 rpm with the angle of 1 degree and the welding travel speed of 2 mm/sec. All welds were then carried out to several mechanical testing and microscopic observation. The results show that the variable geometry shape of pin tools and pre-heating on the copper part affect the microstructure grain size and the formation of Al-Cu inter-metallic phases. The creation of different structures influences the mechanical properties of the friction stir welds. The hardness of welds using threaded pin tools is higher than the tapper one. However, the tensile strength of dissimilar welds using the threaded cylindrical pin tools is lower than the tapper one. The fracture location commonly occurs at the part of aluminum plates having a brittle intermetallic phase.

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Sano, Yuji, Kiyotaka Masaki, and Keiichi Hirota. "Improvement in Fatigue Strength of Friction Stir Welded Aluminum Alloy Plates by Laser Peening." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 969–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.969.

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Plane bending fatigue testing was performed to study the fatigue properties of friction stir welded (FSW) 3 mm thick AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy plates. Fatigue cracks propagated with bends and curves on the specimens, showing large deviation from a linear line. This might be reflecting the material flow and microstructure in the weld zone. The fatigue strength of the unwelded base material (BM) was 110 MPa at 107 cycles and FSW deteriorated it to 90 MPa. However, laser peening (LP) restored the degraded fatigue strength up to 120 MPa which is higher than that of the BM.

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Nadikudi, Bhanodaya Kiran Babu. "Effect of friction stir welding tool profiles on mechanical properties of dissimilar welded aluminum alloy plates." International Journal of Structural Integrity 12, no. 4 (March 8, 2021): 562–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-10-2020-0097.

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PurposeThe main purpose of the present work is to study the effect of tool pin profiles on mechanical properties of welded plates made with two different aluminium alloy plates.Design/methodology/approachThe welded plates were fabricated with the three different kinds of pin profiled tools such as taper cylindrical, taper threaded cylindrical and stepped cylindrical pin profiles. Tensile properties of welded plates were evaluated using tensile testing machine at room temperature. Microstructures studies were carried out using scanning electron microscope.FindingsTensile properties were improved with the use of taper threaded cylindrical pin tool in friction stir welding process when compared with taper cylindrical and stepped cylindrical pin tools. This is due to refinement of grains and mixing of plasticized material occurred with generation of sufficient heat with the taper threaded pin tool. Through these studies, it was confirmed that friction stir welding can be used to weld Al6061 and Al2014 aluminium alloy plates.Research limitations/implicationsIn the present study, the friction stir welding is performed with constant process parameters such as tool rotational speed of 900 rpm, transverse speed of 24 mm/min and tilt angle of 1°.Practical implicationsAluminium alloys are widely using in automotive and aerospace industries due to holding a high strength to weight property. These aluminium alloy blanks can be developed with friction stir welding method with better properties.Originality/valueVery limited work had been carried out on friction stir welding of aluminium alloys of Al 6061 and Al2014 with different tool pin profiles. Furthermore, this work analyzed with tensile properties of welded plates correlated with weld zone microstructures.

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Li, Jian Ping, Peng Yue, and Chen Shi. "Effect of Ultrasonic/Electromagnetic Energy-Field on Structure Andproperties of Cast-Rolled 3003 Aluminum Alloy Strips." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 1378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.1378.

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The plates under the compound energy field and the general ones were prepared by introducing ultrasonic and electromagnetic field at the key part of the cast-rolling area, and then the final aluminum strips with thickness of 0.27 mm were prepared through cold rolling and annealing. The microstructures and properties were investigated by optical microscope (OM), static/dynamic universal testing machine and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that by applying compound energy-field, grains are significantly refined and the mechanical properties are improved. Compared to the general cast-rolling strips, the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of compound energy-field aluminum strips are improved by 32.93%, 38.91% and 6.25%, respectively.

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Wang, Gang, Sudha Veeramani, and Norman M. Wereley. "Analysis of Sandwich Plates with Isotropic Face Plates and a Viscoelastic Core." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 122, no. 3 (January 1, 1999): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1303065.

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Experimental and analytical validations of a Galerkin assumed modes analysis of sandwich plates are presented in this paper. The 3-layered sandwich plate specimen consists of isotropic face-plates with surface bonded piezo-electric patch actuators, and a viscoelastic core. The experimental validation is conducted by testing sandwich plates that are 67.31 cm (26.5 in.) long, 52.07 cm (20.5 in.) wide and nominally 0.16 cm (1/16 in.) thick. The analysis includes the membrane and transverse energies in the face plates, and shear energies in the core. The shear modulus of the dissipative core is assumed to be complex and variant with frequency and temperature. The Golla-Hughes-McTavish (GHM) method is used to account for the frequency dependent properties of the viscoelastic core. Experiments were conducted on symmetric and asymmetric sandwich plates with aluminum face-plates under clamped boundary conditions to validate the model for isotropic face-plates. The maximum error in damped natural frequency predictions obtained via the assumed modes solution is <11 percent. Analytical studies on the influence of the number of assumed modes in the Galerkin approximation have been conducted. Error in the first plate bending mode is 112 percent when only a single in-plane mode is used; error reduces to 3.95 percent as the number of in-plane modes is increased to 25 in each of the in-plane directions. [S0739-3717(00)00703-0]

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Chen, Zhihao, Banglong Yu, Ping Wang, Hongliang Qian, and Pingsha Dong. "Fatigue behaviors of aluminum alloy butt joints with backing plates: Experimental testing and traction stress modeling." International Journal of Fatigue 163 (October 2022): 107040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2022.107040.

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Hung, Yue, K. M. El-Khatib, and Hazem Tawfik. "Testing and evaluation of aluminum coated bipolar plates of pem fuel cells operating at 70°C." Journal of Power Sources 163, no. 1 (December 2006): 509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.09.013.

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AbuShanab, Waheed, and Essam Moustafa. "Detection of Friction Stir Welding Defects of AA1060 Aluminum Alloy Using Specific Damping Capacity." Materials 11, no. 12 (November 30, 2018): 2437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11122437.

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The demand for nondestructive testing has increased, especially in welding testing. In the current study, AA1060 aluminum plates were jointed using the friction stir welding (FSW) process. The fabricated joints were subjected to free vibration impact testing in order to investigate the dynamic properties of the welded joint. Damping capacity and dynamic modulus were used in the new prediction method to detect FSW defects. The data acquired were processed and analyzed using a dynamic pulse analyzer lab shop and ME’Scope’s post-processing software, respectively. A finite element analysis using ANSYS software was conducted on different types of designed defects to predict the natural frequency. The results revealed that defective welded joints significantly affect the specific damping capacity. As the damping ratio increased, so did the indication of opportunities to increase the presence of defects. The finite element simulation model was consistent with experimental work. It was therefore revealed that natural frequency was insufficient to predict smaller defects.

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Luo, F. L., Yun Yu Hu, and Z. W. Kang. "Eddy Current Testing Using a Model Based Measurement Method." Key Engineering Materials 295-296 (October 2005): 667–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.295-296.667.

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It is important to improve the reliability of the eddy current non-destructive testing. It is generally difficult to reduce the probability of non-detection and the number of false alarms same time. Model Based Measurement (MBM), including estimation of state, failure diagnosis and trend analysis, has excellent results on general estimation. Actual results of MBM vary with the application domain, mathematical model and data processing. The time series model is a description of system in time domain based on equivalent output. The Kalman filter is an efficient method for suppressing the disturbance and improving the state estimation. A new method, called as eddy current testing (ECT) using a model based measurement, is presented. Two time series models are used for the normal status and the abnormal status in ECT. The Kalman filter on these models is applied to give useful information for decision making. Results of the experiment on aluminum plates demonstrate that this method is useful to improve the detection reliability.

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Touil, D. R., A. Daas, B. Helifa, A. C. Lahrech, and L. Ibn Khaldoun. "Simple Giant Magnetoresistance Probe Based Eddy Current System of Defect Characterization for Non-Destructive Testing." Advanced Electromagnetics 11, no. 2 (May 11, 2022): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v11i2.1910.

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The purpose of this paper is to present a new giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensor, in eddy current testing technique for surface defect detection, in conducting materials, we show that the GMR based eddy currents probe is more sensitive than the inductive probe. A flat coil mounted on ferrite pot used to produce an alternate magnetic field, which gives rise to eddy currents in the material under test. Aluminum plates use with defects have nominal depths, widths, and lengths. The defects scanned with the sensing axis perpendicular to the defect length. Two parameters extracted from the GMR output voltage signal obtained, and a simple correlation between the defect’s dimensions and the GMR output voltage proposed.

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Valentino, M., A. Ruosi, G. Pepe, V. Mollo, R. D'Alto, and G. Peluso. "Experimental Results in Eddy Current Non Destructive Testing Based on Superconductive and Conventional Electromagnetic Probes." International Journal of Modern Physics B 13, no. 09n10 (April 20, 1999): 1117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979299001053.

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This paper deals with the electromagentic nondestructive testing performed by SQUID magnetometry on stratified aluminum alloy plates as those commonly encountered in the aircraft industry. The anomalous magnetic fields generated by flaws with know electromagnetic characteristics have been modeled by a three-dimensional specific code based on a finite element formulation. The numerical solution has correctly predicted the shape of the complicated magnetic field response due to the defect. Once accuracy and reliability of experimental data taken by superconductive probe have been tested, a benchmark-like problem has been faced. Measurements performed by conventional probes like fluxgate and inductive coil have been compared with the ones taken by innovative device based on superconductive materials.

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Ahmed, Talha, Wali Muhammad, Zaheer Mushtaq, Mustasim Billah Bhatty, and Hamid Zaigham. "Mechanical Behavior of Friction Stir Welded AA-6061 Thick Plates in Different Heat Treatment Conditions." Key Engineering Materials 875 (February 2021): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.875.203.

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In this study, mechanical properties of friction stir welded Aluminum Alloy (AA) 6061 in three different heat treatment conditions i.e. Annealed (O), Artificially aged (T6) and Post Weld Heat Treated (PWHT) were compared. Plates were welded in a butt joint form. Parameters were optimized and joints were fabricated using tool rotational speed and travel speed of 500 rpm and 350 mm/min respectively. Two sets of plates were welded in O condition and out of which one was, later, subjected to post weld artificial aging treatment. Third set was welded in T6 condition. The welds were characterized by macro and microstructure analysis, microhardness measurement and mechanical testing. SEM fractography of the tensile fracture surfaces was also performed. Comparatively better mechanical properties were achieved in the plate with PWHT condition.

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Sarsilmaz, Furkan. "Relationship between micro-structure and mechanical properties of dissimilar aluminum alloy plates by friction stir welding." Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 1 (2018): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170825271s.

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Friction stir welding can be applied to weld dissimilar aluminum alloys which have different chemical and mechanical properties without causing any weld defects under a wide range of welding conditions. In this study, AA2024-T3 and AA6063-T6 aluminum alloys were selected and successfully welded in butt position together using by friction stir welding. The welding trials were conducted using different rotational speed and traverse speed conditions also investigating their effect on mechanical and micro-structural behavior of friction stir welding joints. The micro-structural evolution of the material was analyzed by optical observations and scanning electron microscopy inspections of the weld cross-sections. Tension and fatigue studies were also employed to the study. On the other hand, the fracture characterizations of samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Fatigue tests were performed by using a resonant electro-mechanical fatigue testing machine by axial bending fatigue test procedure. The fatigue strength has been analyzed drawing S-N curves. Experimental results indicate that micro-structural and mechanical properties are significantly affected by changing welding parameters within the chosen range of welding conditions.

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Papanicolaou, George C., Lykourgos C. Kontaxis, Diana V. Portan, Grigoris N. Petropoulos, Eleni Valeriou, and Dimitris Alexandropoulos. "Mechanical Performance Enhancement of Aluminum Single-Lap Adhesive Joints Due to Organized Alumina Nanotubes Layer Formation on the Aluminum Adherends." Applied Nano 2, no. 3 (August 3, 2021): 206–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applnano2030015.

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The present investigation aims to take a step forward for the transfer of a simple laboratory electrochemical method of surface nano-treatment of aluminum to industrial applications. The electrochemical method has been applied to process 1050A aluminum. Surface nano-structuring has been achieved and resulted in the formation of an organized alumina nanotubes layer on commercial aluminum plates used as adherends for the manufacturing of aluminum single-lap adhesive joints. The mechanical properties of single-lap aluminum adhesive joints constructed with both non-anodized and anodized adherends were investigated and compared. Two types of epoxy resins were used to prove that the anodization of the adherends is equally effective, independently of the adhesives’ type. Furthermore, three overlap lengths were used (7, 10, and 25 mm) to study the effect of the overlap length on the overall joint mechanical response. Results of both three-point bending and tensile–shear testing showed that there is a considerable improvement of the joints’ mechanical performance with the addition of the nanostructures, for all the overlap lengths. It was found that the anodization method greatly contributes to the strengthening of the joints, leading to a strength increase of up to 176% and 148% for the shear and three-point bending strength, respectively.

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Zhang, Yongjie, Zhiwen Li, Bo Cui, Yongqi Zeng, Yingjie Huang, and Yazhou Guo. "Collision Analysis of the Motor and Camera in Light and Small UAVs Based on Experiment and Simulation." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2022 (March 1, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3073917.

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For unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), their motor and camera are rigid components that are most likely causing damage in the event of a collision. Therefore, in the research of UAVs collision simulation, establishing accurate motor and camera FE models is the key step. Kinetic material tests were conducted for 7075 aluminum alloy, and an accurate material model was obtained. A test of motor and camera strike on plates was developed, and the dynamic response of the plates was obtained to verify the numerical method of UAV motor and camera strike on plates. Based on these, accurate FE models of motor and camera were established. In addition, the motor and camera were divided into element models with different sizes, and the influence of element size on calculation accuracy and efficiency was investigated. It is indicated that when the average size of the motor grid is less than 1.25 mm and the average size of the camera grid is less than 1 mm, a good balance could be achieved between calculation accuracy and calculation efficiency. Through comprehensive consideration, a 1.25 mm and a 1 mm mesh model were selected for the motor and the camera, respectively, to establish their finite element model which was then employed in the simulation of motor and camera strike on plates. The simulation results showed that the strain-time curve peak of the aluminum plate impacted by the motor had an error of 9.5% with the experimental result and that by the camera had an error of 9.7% with the experimental result. At the same time, the influences of speed and collision angle were investigated. It is indicated that the greater collision angle of the motor, the smaller collision angle of the camera, and the greater impact speed of both cause greater damage to the aluminum plate. The FE modelling method and collision simulation method of motor and camera proposed in this paper can greatly save the resources for testing the UAV performance through the practical structural strength test, especially for light and small UAVs.

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Widodo, Hernowo, Joni Warta, Maria Ulfah, and Amaliah Annisa. "Pengaruh Pelarut Metanol terhadap Alumunium sebagai Wadah Obat Salep Mata." Jurnal Jaring SainTek 1, no. 2 (June 18, 2020): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31599/jaring-saintek.v1i2.176.

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Corrosion is a decrease in the quality of a material or metal due to electrolyte reactions in the environment that affect the life of the material. Corrosion rate is the speed of propagation or speed of decline in the quality of a material with time. Corrosion processes occur in acidic environments, sea water, rain water, and soil are the result of chemical reactions that are also caused by electrochemical processes. The purpose of this study is to determine the corrosion resistance of aluminum metal to variations in the solution of Methanol (CH3OH). This study uses aluminum plates that will be immersed 5 days with a solution of Methanol (CH3OH). How to collect data by testing the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) on each aluminum plate specimen that has been treated with corrosion by heating at a temperature of 60 oC. Methanol solution is one of the factors causing corrosion of metals. If in the free environment, air, temperature, and acidic substances are most commonly found as a factor causing corrosion. The increased corrosion rate is due to the higher concentration of the cause of corrosion. In this discussion Methanol as the concentration used, and aluminum as the metal tested.

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Walker, Wesley, Rudolf Marloth, Ye Thura Hein, and Omar S. Es-Said. "The Effect of Incomplete Solution Treatment on the Tensile Behavior and Mechanical Anisotropy of 2195 Aluminum Lithium Alloy." Diffusion Foundations 22 (May 2019): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/df.22.109.

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This study aimed to characterize the effects of incomplete solution treatment time on the tensile behavior of 2195 Al-Li alloy. Two sets of plates of 2195 Al-Li alloy received solution heat treatment. One set received the prescribed treatment, held in the furnace for 30 minutes after the material had reached 507°C. The other set was in the furnace for only 30 minutes and did not reach 507°C until after about 15 to 20 minutes. Both set of plates were water quenched. Samples from the plates were then stretched 2.5-3% or 6%, rolled 6%, and rolled 24%, at 0°, 45°, and 90° relative to the rolling direction of the as-received material. The samples were aged at 143°C for 36 hours and air-cooled. Tensile specimens were milled out at 0°, 45°, and 90° relative to the original rolling direction. Tensile testing was performed on all samples. The incomplete heat treatment (incomplete solution treatment) resulted in a significant reduction in strength. This was probably due to the formation of fewer T1 precipitates after aging, thereby reducing the amount which could nucleate during cold work. The fully heat treated samples had higher percent yield strength, ultimate strength, and elongation.

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38

Radisavljevic, Igor, Aleksandar Zivkovic, Vencislav Grabulov, and Nenad Radovic. "Influence of pin geometry on mechanical and structural properties of butt friction stir welded 2024-T351 aluminum alloy." Chemical Industry 69, no. 3 (2015): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind131206020r.

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The aim of this work was to investigate the combined effect of small difference in pin geometry, together with rotation and welding speed on the weldability, mechanical and structural properties of FSW 2024-T351 Al plates. The only difference in tool pin design was the shape of thread: regular and rounded. Specimens were welded using rotation rate of 750 rev/min and welding speeds of 73 and 93 mm/min. In all four cases, specimens were defect free, with good or acceptable weld surface. Modification in pin design showed strong influence on macro structure and hardness distribution. Weak places are identified as low hardness zone, close to the nugget zone and are in good agreement with fracture location in tensile testing. Weld efficiency, as a measure of weld quality, are better in case of 310 tool, while UTS values can differ up to 13% for the equal welding parameters. Therefore, it can be assumed that small modification in tool design, particularly in pin geometry, can have great influence on weld formation and mechanical properties.

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Anggara, Mietra, and Silvia Firda Utami. "PENGARUH VARIASI HEAT ABSORBER PLATE TERHADAP PERFORMANCE SOLAR DRYER KEMIRI." Jurnal TAMBORA 4, no. 1 (February 21, 2020): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36761/jt.v4i1.565.

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Indonesia one of the plants that leaves and seeds grow has many useful benefits for human life, namely candlenut. The post-harvest handling of candlenut at the farm level it is generally still done traditionally where candlenut is drying on the floor or by direct exposure to solar radiation. They need approximately 7-9 days to get the appropriate drying results. Candlenut drying is influenced by the intensity of solar radiation on temperature and drying time according to the required hazelnut content. the dry hazelnut can use solar radiation power that is solar dryer. Absorbent plate is one component that is very important because it functions to absorb the intensity of solar radiation and convert it into heat energy and move it to the workpiece (candlenut) above it. In this study, testing was done on variations of the absorbent plates of zinc, aluminum and iron as well as variations in the thickness of the absorbent plates. Data collection starts at 09:00 until 15:00 WITA in sunny weather conditions. The results showed that the aluminum absorbent plate with a thickness of 0.04 mm was more effective and efficient in drying the candlenut to increase the productivity of the candlenut. The highest absorbent plate temperature and drying time were found on the aluminum absorbent plate with a thickness of 0.4 mm that is 72.36 oC and a drying time of 6 hours and meets the standard of moisture content of candlenut solution, which is 5.3%.

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Lin, Ben Yuan, Ju Jen Liu, Lee Der Lu, and Hsien Lung J. Tsai. "Effect of Root Flaw on Tensile Behavior of Friction Stir Welded A6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 1343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.1343.

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The tensile behavior of friction stir joints containing root flaw in A6061-T6 aluminum alloys was investigated. First, plates of this material were butt-jointed by friction stir welding, and the metallographic observation and micro-hardness analysis were made on the cross-section of the weld. Then, tensile tests were performed in MTS 810 testing machine, and a digital CCD camera was used to monitor the process during testing.. Finally, the tensile fracture surface analysis was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the root flaw has no apparent effect on the tensile properties. However, it was observed that a crack about 0.3 mm in length occurred in the root part of the weld center in the early stage of tensile test, and the crack did not further propagate during the sequent tensile experiment. The tensile specimens were all fractured in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the retreating side, which is the area coincident with the region of maximum local strain and lowest hardness.

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Zhao, Han, I. Elnasri, and Hui Jian Li. "Cellular Structures under Impact Loading." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 1880–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.1880.

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This paper presents a study of the strength enhancement under impact loading of metallic cellular materials as well as sandwich panels with cellular core. It begins with a review of likely causes responsible for the strength enhancement of cellular materials. A testing method using 60mm diameter Nylon Hopkinson pressure bars is used to investigate the rate sensitivity of various metallic cellular materials. In order to identify the factor responsible for the strength enhancement of those materials, an experimental analysis is performed on a model structure which is a square tube made of rate insensitive materials. Significant enhancement is experimentally observed under impact loading, whereas the crushing mode is nearly the same under both static and impact loading. Finally, an inversed perforation test on sandwich panels with an instrumented pressure bar is also presented. Such a new testing setup provides piercing force time history measurement, generally inaccessible. Testing results show a notable enhancement of piercing forces, even though the skin aluminum plates and the foam cores are nearly rate insensitive.

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42

Wróbel, Nikodem, Michał Rejek, and Grzegorz Królczyk. "Testing of beveled crimp connections made on a prototype stand." Archives of Mechanical Technology and Materials 38, no. 1 (June 28, 2018): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amtm-2018-0003.

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Abstract The purpose of this study is to form and test inseparable tight joints, commonly used in the construction of heat exchangers, by crimping operation on designed prototype stand. Crimped joints are made by tools in form of cones with two types of shapes, each of the designed tools have got identical forming angle. This study uses two types of connecting blocks and plates, differing in diameters of hole and flange. Elaboration contains a case study of joints being made by the stand, which in addition to the crimping operations for some cases were glued or brazed. The article presents the features of the formed joints, by examining them by destructive testing: Micrography, tensile strength test, and non-destructive testing: Leakage test. The examined elements have been made of aluminum 6060, which is well suited to indirect or direct operations of forming joints for all kinds of coolers or condensers. Elaborated tests and studies in this study allowed to state, that joining the connection block to plate with the small diameter, was more energy-consuming than in sample sets with bigger diameter, use of glue increasing the strength of the joints by 20%, significant strength increase can be obtained after mechanical clinching with brazing operation or modification of geometrical shape of the jaws

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Upadhyay, Abhishek, Bir Bahadur Sherpa, Sandeep Kumar, Niraj Srivastav, Pal Dinesh Kumar, and Arun Agarwal. "Experimental Investigation and Micro-Structure Study of Interface of Explosive Welded SS304 and AA6061 Plates." Materials Science Forum 830-831 (September 2015): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.830-831.261.

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The explosive welding is a non-conventional technique gaining popularity due to its ability to join dissimilar metals. The technique is very successful in achieving area joining by using the controlled energy of explosives which creates a metallurgical bond between two similar or dissimilar materials. This paper explains the technique of explosive welding for joining SS304 and AA6061 using pure aluminum (2 mm) as an interlayer. The joining was done in two stages. The explosive used is a mixture of Trimonite and salt having velocity of detonation (VOD) in the range of 1500-1600 m/sec. Ultrasonic testing showed good bonding over more than 80%. Micro-hardness variations as compared to parent materials have been evaluated along with microstructure study done to analyze the interface characteristics. SEM/EDS also have been used to check the presence of any possible brittle phases. Both the interfaces are found to be laminar, continuous, uniform and free from micro-cracks.

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Garcia-Martin, J., and J. Gomez-Gil. "Comparative evaluation of coil and hall probes in hole detection and thickness measurement on aluminum plates using eddy current testing." Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing 49, no. 8 (August 2013): 482–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1061830913080044.

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Liu, Jia Chen, Jin Liang Wang, and Hui Qin Chen. "Numerical Analysis of Residual Stresses in Quenched High-Strength Aluminum Alloy Ultra-Thick Plates and their Reduction through Single-Side Cold Compression Method." Advanced Materials Research 887-888 (February 2014): 400–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.887-888.400.

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Residual stresses developed after quenching of high-strength aluminum alloy ultra-thick plates have an important effect on the quality and reliability of parts, and should be reduction to meet the requirement. In this investigation, numerical techniques of SIMUFACT software are used to simulate residual stresses in quenched 340mm×127mm×124mm Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high-strength aluminum alloy ultra-thick plate, and the results have been verified. On the basis of verified simulation parameters, residual stresses in quenched 4000mm×720mm×285mm ultra-thick plate and their reduction through single-side cold compression method were simulated by SIMUFACT software. After quenching, the value of maximum tension stress located at the interior center of the plate is 200MPa, and the value of maximum compression stress located on the surface of the plate is-169MPa. Through analysis of single-side cold compression processes, it can be concluded that more than 90% quenching residual stresses can be reduced by 1% upsetting ratio and 75% feed of the top die. Residual stresses after compression can be reduced down to the range of-25~9MPa. Mean residual stress values of simulation after compression are identical to the XRD testing data.

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Wojdat, Tomasz, Paweł Sokołowski, Leszek Łatka, Julia Chmielewska, and Weronika Kurantowicz. "Application of Plasma Sprayed Cu Intermediate Layers in the Soldering Process of Graphite Composite to 6060 Aluminum Alloy." Materials 13, no. 22 (November 13, 2020): 5114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13225114.

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The work focuses on issues related to the soldering of graphite composite to 6060 aluminum alloy. The graphite composite is of great interest of the transportation industry as it is widely used in slides responsible for current collection from overhead catenary. The slides should meet various criteria resulting from relatively complex working conditions, e.g., in terms of electrical conductivity, self-lubricating, resistance to changing weather conditions, etc. Such an application has extensive requirements, mainly for a joint of graphite slide with aluminum body. The direct soldering of slide plates made of graphite composite to aluminum alloy collector head causes many technological problems and is not possible. In this study, the application of thin plasma sprayed (APS) copper intermediate layers is investigated for that purpose. After soldering process, the microstructural analysis confirmed the proper joint formulation, i.e., the soldering gap of 0.2 mm was well-filled with the solder over the entire width of joint. The soldered joints were then subjected for static shear testing. The obtained shear strength was in a relatively wide range of 13.04 to 20.50 MPa, which was influenced by various fracture mechanisms. Finally, the fact that reaction zones were not formed in investigated joints during soldering was confirmed by EDS analysis and micro hardness values, which were very similar to the ones of raw materials.

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Nagibin, G. E., A. V. Zavadyak, I. I. Puzanov, A. V. Proshkin, E. N. Fedorova, S. S. Dobrosmyslov, I. A. Kirillova, and N. V. Sukhodoeva. "Development and industrial tests of composite material based on TiB2 for repair of local destructions in electrolyzer bottom blocks." Izvestiya Vuzov Tsvetnaya Metallurgiya (Proceedings of Higher Schools Nonferrous Metallurgy, no. 3 (June 19, 2019): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2019-3-12-19.

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The paper presents the developed composition and technology for obtaining a repair mixture consisting of lumped corundum with a TiB2–C composite coating wettable with aluminum for restoration of local bottom block fractures without electrolyzer stops. The proposed technical solution made it possible to reduce bottom wear and increase aluminum electrolyzer service life by 6 months.A mixture of titanium diboride powder and a refractory powder-like binder in a ratio of 50 : 50 (wt.%) was used to obtain the repair mixture with an optimal composition. Then the lumped corundum was coated with the obtained mixture, dried at 150 °C and after that heat-treated under a carbon-bed at t= 700÷900 °C. As a result of reducing firing the TiB2–C composite material with a carbon content of 15–20 wt.% was formed on the surface of lumped corundum. A qualitative evaluation of the properties of the developed composite coating shows that the coating has a sufficiently high hardness, wear resistance and adhesion to the substrate after the heat treatment. For pilot testing, the repair mixture was covered with molten aluminum to obtain an Al–TiB2–C repair mass in the form of plates. The pilot testing of the repair mass on the 400 kA operating electrolyzer in the RUSAL-Sayanogorsk pilot shop showed that the bottom wear have slowed down 3 months after the local fractures were restored without electrolysis bath stops. This fact is evidenced by a 13 % decrease in the average depth of fractures with a stable current value of 4,7–4,8 kA/bloom after repair. Thus, the locallyused repair mass slowed that the overall wear of the cathode surface and allowed to extend the electrolyzer life.

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Radzieński, Maciej, Paweł Kudela, Alessandro Marzani, Luca De Marchi, and Wiesław Ostachowicz. "Damage Identification in Various Types of Composite Plates Using Guided Waves Excited by a Piezoelectric Transducer and Measured by a Laser Vibrometer." Sensors 19, no. 9 (April 26, 2019): 1958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19091958.

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Composite materials are widely used in the industry, and the interest of this material is growing rapidly, due to its light weight, strength and various other desired mechanical properties. However, composite materials are prone to production defects and other defects originated during exploitation, which may jeopardize the safety of such a structure. Thus, non-destructive evaluation methods that are material-independent and suitable for a wide range of defects identification are needed. In this paper, a technique for damage characterization in composite plates is proposed. In the presented non-destructive testing method, guided waves are excited by a piezoelectric transducer, attached to tested specimens, and measured by a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer in a dense grid of points. By means of signal processing, irregularities in wavefield images caused by any material defects are extracted and used for damage characterization. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is validated on four different composite panels: Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer, glass fiber-reinforced polymer, composite reinforced by randomly-oriented short glass fibers and aluminum-honeycomb core sandwich composite. Obtained results confirm its versatility and efficacy in damage characterization in various types of composite plates.

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NEARY, A. J., and F. TOMASSINI. "PREPARATION OF ALUNDUM/CERAMIC PLATE TENSION LYSIMETERS FOR SOIL WATER COLLECTION." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 65, no. 1 (February 1, 1985): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss85-017.

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Distilled water leaching of new alundum/ceramic plate lysimeters removed considerable amounts of Ca, Mg, Na, K, SO4, Cl and Zn. After washing with 3 L of distilled water, levels were still of sufficient magnitude to interfere with the analysis of solutions with low solute concentration. Washing the plates with 2 L of 1 N HCl extracted considerable amounts of Ca, Mg, Na and K, and higher amounts of Fe, Zn, Al and Mn, but further distilled water washing resulted in rapid equilibration with a spike solution. Rinsing new lysimeters with progressively more acidic solutions indicated residual zinc contamination when the solution pH was below 6.0. There was virtually no iron or manganese contamination from the lysimeters at a solution pH between 3.0 and 5.0. Aluminum was leached from the plates at solution pH of between 3.5 and 4.0; however, the high Al concentration in the soil solution at these pHs may mask this interference. Although Al poses a considerable contamination problem at solution pHs of 3.0, soil solutions at this pH level are unlikely except in unusual situations (e.g. soils developed on acid mine tailings). The pumping of 2 L of 1 N HCl followed by large volumes of distilled water through the lysimeters is recommended for most field studies. Prior testing of the plates is required if low solute concentrations are expected or if elements other than those mentioned here are of interest. Key words: Lysimeters, ceramic samplers, soil water collection, alundum lysimeters, soil solution

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Yamashita, Minoru, Mitsuru Suganuma, and Yasuhisa Sato. "Testing Techniques to Eliminate Frictional Effect and to Achieve Constant Strain-Rate in Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar Impact Compression System." Materials Science Forum 673 (January 2011): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.673.77.

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Abstract:

In order to obtain the intrinsic stress – strain relationship by split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) impact compression system, two testing techniques to eliminate the frictional effect and hold the prescribed constant strain-rate are demonstrated. The extrapolation method eliminating frictional effect at the tool – specimen interface was exhibited. Several specimens with different height were used for changing the initial diameter / height ratio in the method, where the circular plates were laminated. In order to maintain the constant strain-rate during compression, the incident pulse was adjusted to elevate in accordance with the compression force, where the tapered cylindrical striker bar was applied. Test material is a fully annealed pure aluminum. The intrinsic stress – strain relationship at strain-rate of 1000 /s was determined and the strain-rate sensitivity was also determined. The numerical simulation of the SHPB impact compression system was also performed using the dynamic explicit finite element method. The additional evidence for these experimental techniques to accomplish the elimination of friction and the constant strain-rate was shown.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Plates, Aluminum Testing'

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